1
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Liu J, Yuan X, Fan C, Ma G. Application of the zebrafish model in human viral research. Virus Res 2024; 341:199327. [PMID: 38262567 PMCID: PMC10835014 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Viruses are a leading cause of infectious diseases. Well-developed animal models are valuable for understanding the immune responses to viral infections and the pathogenesis of viral diseases. Zebrafish is a commonly used small vertebrate model organism with strong reproductive ability, a short life cycle, and rapid embryonic development. Moreover, zebrafish and human genomes are highly similar; they have approximately 70 % homology in protein-coding genes, and 84 % of genes associated with human diseases have zebrafish counterparts. Recent years, different groups have developed zebrafish models for human viral infections and diseases, offering new insights into the molecular mechanisms of human viral pathogenesis as well as the development of antiviral strategies. The zebrafish model has become a simple and effective model system for understanding host-virus interaction. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the use of zebrafish models in human viral research, particularly in SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, China.
| | - Chunxin Fan
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, China
| | - Guangyong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, China.
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2
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Ajay Guru, Gokul Sudhakaran, S Karthick Raja Namasivayam, Boopathi Seenivasan, Mukesh Pasupulieti, Jesu Arockiaraj, Meivelu Moovendhan. Serine Threonine-Protein Kinase-Derived IW13 Improves Lipid Metabolism via C/EBP-α/SREBP1/FAS Signaling Pathways in HFD-Induced Zebrafish In Vivo Larval Model. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:4851-4863. [PMID: 37079270 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04480-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is linked to the development of major metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Recent research has focused on the molecular link between obesity and oxidative stress. Obesity impairs antioxidant function, resulting in dramatically increased reactive oxygen levels and apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of IW13 peptide on inhibiting lipid accumulation and regulating the antioxidant mechanism to normalize the lipid metabolism in HFD induced zebrafish larvae. Our results showed that co-treatment with IW13 peptide showed a protective effect in HFD zebra fish larvae by increasing the survival and heart rate. However, IW13 peptide co-treatment reduced triglycerides and cholesterol levels while also restoring the SOD and CAT antioxidant enzymes. In addition, IW13 co-treatment inhibited the formation of lipid peroxidation and superoxide anion by regulating the glutathione level. Also, the results showed that IW13 specifically downregulated the expression of the lipogenic-specific genes (C/EBP-α, SREBP1, and FAS). The findings exhibited that the IW13 peptide with effective antioxidant and anti-obesity activity could act as a futuristic drug to treat obesity and oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Guru
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India
| | - Gokul Sudhakaran
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - S Karthick Raja Namasivayam
- Department of Research & Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India
| | - Boopathi Seenivasan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Mukesh Pasupulieti
- Division of Molecular Immunology & Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
| | - Meivelu Moovendhan
- Centre for Ocean Research, Col. Dr. Jeppiar Research Park, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600119, India.
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3
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Lu Y, Yang X, Kuang Q, Wu Y, Tan X, Lan J, Qiang Z, Feng T. HBx induced upregulation of FATP2 promotes the development of hepatic lipid accumulation. Exp Cell Res 2023:113721. [PMID: 37437769 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The hepatitis B Virus X (HBx) protein plays a crucial role in the HBV-induced hepatic steatosis. Fatty acid transport protein 2 (FATP2) is a key protein that is involved in hepatic lipogenesis, and it was found to be highly expressed in various metabolic diseases. However, Whether FATP2 is a key factor in the pathogenesis of HBx-induced hepatic steatosis remains unclear. In this study, we found that FATP2 was up-regulated by HBx in vitro and in vivo and participated in HBx-induced hepatic lipid accumulation. Treatment of HBx-expressing cell lines and mice with FATP2 inhibitor (FATP2i) lipofermata ameliorated HBx-induced lipid accumulation and reduced oxidative stress and inflammation caused by lipid accumulation. Moreover, the liver injury of mouse was restored after FATP2i treatment. In summary, our results reveal that FATP2 is a key driver factor for HBx-induced hepatic lipid accumulation, and inhibition of FATP2 can ameliorates lipid accumulation caused by HBx. This study provides new insights into the mechanism of HBV-induced hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xinyue Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qin Kuang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yong Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xin Tan
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jizhong Lan
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhe Qiang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, 400065, China.
| | - Tao Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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4
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Chang C, Li H, Zhang R. Zebrafish facilitate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease research: Tools, models and applications. Liver Int 2023; 43:1385-1398. [PMID: 37122203 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become an increasingly epidemic metabolic disease worldwide. NAFLD can gradually deteriorate from simple liver steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis to liver cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. Zebrafish are vertebrate animal models that are genetically and metabolically conserved with mammals and have unique advantages such as high fecundity, rapid development ex utero and optical transparency. These features have rendered zebrafish an emerging model system for liver diseases and metabolic diseases favoured by many researchers in recent years. In the present review, we summarize a series of tools for zebrafish NAFLD research and the models established through different dietary feeding, hepatotoxic chemical treatments and genetic manipulations via transgenic or genome editing technologies. We also discuss how zebrafish models facilitate NAFLD studies by providing novel insights into NAFLD pathogenesis, toxicology research, and drug evaluation and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huicong Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China
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5
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Haridevamuthu B, Seenivasan B, Priya PS, Muthuraman S, Kumar RS, Manikandan K, Almutairi BO, Almutairi MH, Arokiyaraj S, Gopinath P, Arockiaraj J. Hepatoprotective effect of dihydroxy piperlongumine in high cholesterol-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease zebrafish via antioxidant activity. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 945:175605. [PMID: 36822456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are a growing epidemic and the most common liver diseases. Consumption of a western diet with high fats alters redox status, induces inflammation, and impairs the physiological function of hepatocytes. However, the pharmacological market lacks anti-NAFLD/NASH drugs. Long pepper (Piper longum L) is used in traditional Mongolian medicine for treating hyperlipidemia. Piperlongumine (PL) is a bioactive compound of Piper longum L, which usually possesses anticancer activities due to its ROS elevation property. However, when PL was demethylated they behave as an antioxidant. Previously, we found dihydroxy piperlongumine (DHPL) possesses high antioxidant activity among the hydroxy piperlongumines, which makes us curious to reveal the anti-NAFLD effect. A high-cholesterol diet (HCD) was chosen to induce NAFLD zebrafish model, and the antioxidant and lipid-lowering effects of DHPL were evaluated. Histological alterations of NAFLD were also scored along with gene expression to explore the molecular mechanism. DHPL reduced lipid accumulation in both short-term and long-term feeding trials. DHPL increases antioxidant activity and lipid-lowering gene expression and decreases hepatic triglyceride, oxidative stress, and lipogenic genes. In conclusion, DHPL halted the progression of HCD-induced NAFLD in the zebrafish model.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Haridevamuthu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Boopathi Seenivasan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Snega Priya
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramani Muthuraman
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University Chennai Campus, Chennai, 600 127, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajendran Saravana Kumar
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University Chennai Campus, Chennai, 600 127, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Manikandan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bader O Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mikhlid H Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Selvaraj Arokiyaraj
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Pushparathinam Gopinath
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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6
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Guru A, Manjunathan T, Sudhakaran G, Juliet A, Gopinath P, Arockiaraj J. 6-Gingerdione Reduces Apoptotic Conditions in HepG2 Cells and Inhibits Inflammatory Cytokine Gene Expression in Alcoholic Liver Injured Zebrafish Larvae. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200959. [PMID: 36574474 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant natural products and their analogs especially phenolic compounds, exhibit diverse biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Ginger which is widely used worldwide for various beneficial effects also contains several phenolic antioxidants, and 6-gingerol is one of the natural products studied extensively. However, the molecular mechanism of synthetically synthesized 6-gingerdione (compound 1) from 6-gingerol was not known. In this study, compound 1 and methylated 6-gingerdione (compound 2) were obtained semi synthetically from 6-gingerol. Compound 1 and 2 are subjected to SwissADME prediction. Then the protective effect of compound 1 was analyzed in 2 % EtOH induced HepG2 cells and zebrafish larvae. Hydroxyl and nitric oxide scavenging assays reveal that compound 1 showed more antioxidant activity than compound 2 at 50 μM. Moreover, compound 1 exhibited good anti-inflammatory activity via lipoxygenase inhibition and proteinase inhibition. Apoptosis and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells were induced by 2 % EtOH and treated with compound 1. Compound 1 significantly inhibited the EtOH induced nitric oxide production, apoptosis, and ROS generation in HepG2 cells. Encouraged by the in-vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, compound 1 was then investigated for its protective effect in 2 % EtOH induced ALD zebrafish larva. Compound 1 protected the zebrafish larvae from liver injury by suppressing inflammatory (COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-1β) and lipogenic genes (C/EBP-α, SREBP1, and IL-1β) while upregulating the antioxidant gene. Our findings indicate that compound 1 synthesized from 6-gingerol ameliorated liver injury that likely, contributes to its potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Guru
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tamilvelan Manjunathan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gokul Sudhakaran
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Annie Juliet
- Foundation for Aquaculture Innovations and Technology Transfer (FAITT), Thoraipakkam, Chennai 600 097, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pushparathinam Gopinath
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
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7
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Guru A, Arockiaraj J. Exposure to environmental pollutant bisphenol A causes oxidative damage and lipid accumulation in Zebrafish larvae: Protective role of WL15 peptide derived from cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23223. [PMID: 36106391 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to obesity causing Bisphenol A in various ways, especially through diet and food containers. Bioactive peptides are already reported to have antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antiobesity properties, which can mimic the role of mediators involved in obesity prevention. The protective effect of a short molecule or peptide, WL15 from cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2 of a teleost of aquatic resource on Bisphenol A (BPA)-induced lipid accumulation in zebrafish larvae was investigated. BPA exposure disrupted the antioxidant enzymes, apoptosis, and nitric oxide and led to changes in biochemical markers including alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, lipid peroxidation, glutathione S-transferases, glutathione peroxidase, and reduced glutathione. However, WL15 inhibited the overproduction of oxidative stress, which correlates with its lipid-lowering potential. BPA-induced lipid accumulation in zebrafish showed an increase in triglyceride, cholesterol, and glucose level; simultaneously, WL15 treatment significantly reduced such accumulation in zebrafish. Evidenced by Oil red O staining and Nile red assay, WL15 inhibited lipid accumulation. At the same time, WL15 at 50 µM increases 2-(N-[7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl]amino)-2-deoxy-d-glucose (2NBDG) glucose uptake in zebrafish. In addition, gene expression studies in zebrafish larvae demonstrated that the WL15 peptide could play a crucial role in preventing lipid accumulation by downregulating the expression of lipogenesis-specific genes. These results revealed an interesting and novel property of WL15, suggesting its potential application in preventing lipid accumulation through the hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Guru
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Inhibitory Effects of Mongolian Medicine Yihe-Tang on Continuous Darkness Induced Liver Steatosis in Zebrafish. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5794655. [PMID: 35646144 PMCID: PMC9142287 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5794655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The constant dark induction (DD) causes lipid degeneration and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in zebrafish, which might be closely related to the imbalance of gut microbiota and require in-depth study. In this study, a total of 144 zebrafish were divided into four groups, including the control group, Yihe-Tang group, constant dark group, and constant dark + Yihe-Tang group, and were treated with constant darkness (except control and Yihe-Tang groups) for 21 days. The bodyweights of zebrafish were recorded after 8 d, 15 d, and 22 d. The sequencing analysis of gut microbiota, detection of liver histopathological changes, and comparison of lipid metabolism-related gene expression levels were performed on the 22nd day of the experiment. The results showed that the Yihe-Tang could inhibit the constant dark-induced increase in zebrafish weight and liver steatosis. As compared to the control group, the dark treatment could alter the composition of gut microbiota in zebrafish, increase the relative abundance of harmful bacteria, and decrease the Cetobacterium and Bacteroides to Firmicutes ratio in the intestines. The abundance of Proteobacteria in the constant dark + Yihe-Tang group was close to that in the control group and that of Fusobacteria and Cetobacterium increased, especially the Cetobacterium, which increased significantly. The constant dark treatment caused an abnormal expression of liver lipid-related genes, inhibited lipid metabolism, and promoted fat accumulation. However, the Yihe-Tang could restore these changes to the level of the control group. This study indicated that Yihe-Tang could restore the constant dark-induced liver lipid degeneration. We hypothesized that Cetobacterium could significantly inhibit steatosis.
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Shah PS, Beesabathuni NS, Fishburn AT, Kenaston MW, Minami SA, Pham OH, Tucker I. Systems Biology of Virus-Host Protein Interactions: From Hypothesis Generation to Mechanisms of Replication and Pathogenesis. Annu Rev Virol 2022; 9:397-415. [PMID: 35576593 PMCID: PMC10150767 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-100520-011851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
As obligate intracellular parasites, all viruses must co-opt cellular machinery to facilitate their own replication. Viruses often co-opt these cellular pathways and processes through physical interactions between viral and host proteins. In addition to facilitating fundamental aspects of virus replication cycles, these virus-host protein interactions can also disrupt physiological functions of host proteins, causing disease that can be advantageous to the virus or simply a coincidence. Consequently, unraveling virus-host protein interactions can serve as a window into molecular mechanisms of virus replication and pathogenesis. Identifying virus-host protein interactions using unbiased systems biology approaches provides an avenue for hypothesis generation. This review highlights common systems biology approaches for identification of virus-host protein interactions and the mechanistic insights revealed by these methods. We also review conceptual innovations using comparative and integrative systems biology that can leverage global virus-host protein interaction data sets to more rapidly move from hypothesis generation to mechanism. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Virology, Volume 9 is September 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya S Shah
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, California, USA; .,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Nitin S Beesabathuni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Adam T Fishburn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, California, USA;
| | - Matthew W Kenaston
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, California, USA;
| | - Shiaki A Minami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Oanh H Pham
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, California, USA;
| | - Inglis Tucker
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, California, USA;
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10
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Reverse pharmacology of Nimbin-N2 attenuates alcoholic liver injury and promotes the hepatoprotective dual role of improving lipid metabolism and downregulating the levels of inflammatory cytokines in zebrafish larval model. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2387-2401. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04448-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Maleski ALA, Rosa JGS, Bernardo JTG, Astray RM, Walker CIB, Lopes-Ferreira M, Lima C. Recapitulation of Retinal Damage in Zebrafish Larvae Infected with Zika Virus. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091457. [PMID: 35563763 PMCID: PMC9100881 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish are increasingly being utilized as a model to investigate infectious diseases and to advance the understanding of pathogen–host interactions. Here, we take advantage of the zebrafish to recapitulate congenital ZIKV infection and, for the first time, demonstrate that it can be used to model infection and reinfection and monitor anti-viral and inflammatory immune responses, as well as brain growth and eye abnormalities during embryonic development. By injecting a Brazilian strain of ZIKV into the yolk sac of one-cell stage embryos, we confirmed that, after 72 h, ZIKV successfully infected larvae, and the physical condition of the virus-infected hosts included gross morphological changes in surviving embryos (84%), with a reduction in larval head size and retinal damage characterized by increased thickness of the lens and inner nuclear layer. Changes in locomotor activity and the inability to perceive visual stimuli are a result of changes in retinal morphology caused by ZIKV. Furthermore, we demonstrated the ability of ZIKV to replicate in zebrafish larvae and infect new healthy larvae, impairing their visual and neurological functions. These data reinforce the deleterious activity of ZIKV in the brain and visual structures and establish the zebrafish as a model to study the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathology of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Luis Almeida Maleski
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CeTICs/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (A.L.A.M.); (J.G.S.R.); (J.T.G.B.); (M.L.-F.)
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacological Studies (LABEN), Post-Graduation Program of Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Sergipe, São Paulo 05503-009, Brazil;
| | - Joao Gabriel Santos Rosa
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CeTICs/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (A.L.A.M.); (J.G.S.R.); (J.T.G.B.); (M.L.-F.)
| | - Jefferson Thiago Gonçalves Bernardo
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CeTICs/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (A.L.A.M.); (J.G.S.R.); (J.T.G.B.); (M.L.-F.)
| | | | - Cristiani Isabel Banderó Walker
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacological Studies (LABEN), Post-Graduation Program of Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Sergipe, São Paulo 05503-009, Brazil;
| | - Monica Lopes-Ferreira
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CeTICs/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (A.L.A.M.); (J.G.S.R.); (J.T.G.B.); (M.L.-F.)
| | - Carla Lima
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CeTICs/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (A.L.A.M.); (J.G.S.R.); (J.T.G.B.); (M.L.-F.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Guru A, Velayutham M, Arockiaraj J. Lipid-Lowering and Antioxidant Activity of RF13 Peptide From Vacuolar Protein Sorting-Associated Protein 26B (VPS26B) by Modulating Lipid Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in HFD Induced Obesity in Zebrafish Larvae. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10376-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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13
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Boulahtouf Z, Virzì A, Baumert TF, Verrier ER, Lupberger J. Signaling Induced by Chronic Viral Hepatitis: Dependence and Consequences. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052787. [PMID: 35269929 PMCID: PMC8911453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic viral hepatitis is a main cause of liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. There are striking similarities in the pathological impact of hepatitis B, C, and D, although these diseases are caused by very different viruses. Paired with the conventional study of protein-host interactions, the rapid technological development of -omics and bioinformatics has allowed highlighting the important role of signaling networks in viral pathogenesis. In this review, we provide an integrated look on the three major viruses associated with chronic viral hepatitis in patients, summarizing similarities and differences in virus-induced cellular signaling relevant to the viral life cycles and liver disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Boulahtouf
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hepatiques UMR_S1110, Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (Z.B.); (A.V.); (T.F.B.); (E.R.V.)
| | - Alessia Virzì
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hepatiques UMR_S1110, Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (Z.B.); (A.V.); (T.F.B.); (E.R.V.)
| | - Thomas F. Baumert
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hepatiques UMR_S1110, Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (Z.B.); (A.V.); (T.F.B.); (E.R.V.)
- Service d’Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Eloi R. Verrier
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hepatiques UMR_S1110, Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (Z.B.); (A.V.); (T.F.B.); (E.R.V.)
| | - Joachim Lupberger
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hepatiques UMR_S1110, Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (Z.B.); (A.V.); (T.F.B.); (E.R.V.)
- Correspondence:
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MXD3 Promotes Obesity and the Androgen Receptor Signaling Pathway in Gender-Disparity Hepatocarcinogenesis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123434. [PMID: 34943942 PMCID: PMC8700344 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is closely linked to metabolic diseases, particularly non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), ultimately leading to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the molecular mechanisms of NASH-associated HCC (NAHCC) remain elusive. To explore the impact of Max dimerization protein 3 (MXD3), a transcription factor that regulates several cellular functions in disorders associated with metabolic diseases, we conditionally expressed Mxd3 proteins using Tet-on mxd3 transgenic zebrafish (MXs) with doxycycline (MXs + Dox) or without doxycycline (MXs − Dox) treatment. Overexpression of global MXD3 (gMX) or hepatic Mxd3 (hMX) was associated with obesity-related NAFLD pathophysiology in gMX + Dox, and liver fibrosis and HCC in hMX + Dox. Oil Red O (ORO)-stained signals were seen in intravascular blood vessels and liver buds of larval gMX + Dox, indicating that Mxd3 functionally promotes lipogenesis. The gMX + Dox-treated young adults exhibited an increase in body weight and visceral fat accumulation. The hMX + Dox-treated young adults showed normal body characteristics but exhibited liver steatosis and NASH-like phenotypes. Subsequently, steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, and NAHCC were found in 6-month-old gMX + Dox adults compared with gMX − Dox adults at the same stage. Overexpression of Mxd3 also enhanced AR expression accompanied by the increase of AR-signaling pathways resulting in hepatocarcinogenesis in males. Our results demonstrate that global actions of Mxd3 are central to the initiation of obesity in the gMX zebrafish through their effects on adipogenesis and that MXD3 could serve as a therapeutic target for obesity-associated liver diseases.
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Feng C, Liu W, Chen H, Dong W, Yang J. Effect of dark environment on intestinal flora and expression of genes related to liver metabolism in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 249:109100. [PMID: 34174412 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To explore the effects of dark environment on intestinal flora and expression of genes related to liver metabolism in zebrafish, a total of 60 zebrafish were fed for 21 days (24 h dark treatments or 14/10 h light/dark cycle), and the influence of dark environment on gut microbes and liver gene expression was studied using sequencing analysis of intestinal flora and liver. The results showed that the body weight of fish was significantly increased in the dark group than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, dark environment treatment changed the composition of dominant flora, increased the abundance of unconventional bacteria and reduced probiotics in the intestine of zebrafish. Of these, the ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes in the intestine was reduced. The genome expression of the liver showed significant changes, and liver metabolites were also affected. Meanwhile, dark environment decreased gene expression associated with changes in blood glucose, lipid metabolism and immunization. Dark environment also caused liver steatosis as observed by histological study. This study shows that dark environment treatment has an important impact on liver metabolism and intestinal microbes in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Feng
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China
| | - Wuyun Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China; School of Animal Science, Mongolian State University of Agriculture, Bayangol, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Hao Chen
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China
| | - Wu Dong
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China
| | - Jingfeng Yang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China.
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16
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Zhuang Z, Qu H, Yang W, Liu J, Wang F, Liu Y, Ding J, Shi J. Comparing hepatic steatosis distribution patterns between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and fatty liver disease with chronic hepatitis B by second-harmonic generation/two-photon excited fluorescence method. Ann Hepatol 2021; 19:313-319. [PMID: 31870745 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Hepatitis B virus (HBV) might be an etiological factor modulating fat distribution in steatotic livers. We aim to compare hepatic steatosis distribution patterns between NAFLD and FL&CHB patients with second-harmonic generation (SHG)/two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) method. PATIENTS AND METHODS 42 patients with NAFLD, 46 with FL&CHB and 55 without steatosis were enrolled in the study. Overall and regional steatosis in liver sections were quantified by SHG/TPEF method. The accuracy of which was validated by pathologist evaluation and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Difference in degree of overall and regional steatosis between NAFLD and FL&CHB groups was analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to model factors contributing to steatosis distribution. RESULTS The hepatic steatosis measured by SHG/TPEF method was highly correlated with pathologist grading (r=0.83, p<0.001) and MRS measurement (r=0.82, p<0.001). The level of overall steatosis in FL&CHB group is significantly lower than that in NAFLD group (p<0.001). In NAFLD group, periportal region has significantly lower steatosis percentage than lobule region and overall region (p<0.001); while in FL&CHB group there is no difference among regions. The ratio of steatosis at periportal region to lobule region is significantly higher in FL&CHB group than that in NAFLD group (p<0.05). Multivariable linear regression analysis shows that HBV infection is the major contributing factor (β=0.322, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS SHG/TPEF method is an accurate and objective method in hepatic steatosis quantification. By quantifying steatosis in different histological regions, we found steatosis distribution patterns are different between FL&CHB and NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Zhuang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, 126 Wenzhou Road, Building 18, Floor 5, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huanjia Qu
- Department of Hepatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, 126 Wenzhou Road, Building 6, Floor 6, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, 126 Wenzhou Road, Building 18, Floor 3, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, 126 Wenzhou Road, Building 18, Floor 3, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fuyan Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, 126 Wenzhou Road, Building 1, Floor 3, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yinlan Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, 126 Wenzhou Road, Building 18, Floor 5, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianping Ding
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, 126 Wenzhou Road, Building 1, Floor 3, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Junping Shi
- Center for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, 126 Wenzhou Road, Building 18, Floor 5, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Hepatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, 126 Wenzhou Road, Building 6, Floor 6, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang Province, China.
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17
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Sullivan C, Soos BL, Millard PJ, Kim CH, King BL. Modeling Virus-Induced Inflammation in Zebrafish: A Balance Between Infection Control and Excessive Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:636623. [PMID: 34025644 PMCID: PMC8138431 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.636623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response to viral infection in humans is a dynamic process with complex cell interactions that are governed by the immune system and influenced by both host and viral factors. Due to this complexity, the relative contributions of the virus and host factors are best studied in vivo using animal models. In this review, we describe how the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been used as a powerful model to study host-virus interactions and inflammation by combining robust forward and reverse genetic tools with in vivo imaging of transparent embryos and larvae. The innate immune system has an essential role in the initial inflammatory response to viral infection. Focused studies of the innate immune response to viral infection are possible using the zebrafish model as there is a 4-6 week timeframe during development where they have a functional innate immune system dominated by neutrophils and macrophages. During this timeframe, zebrafish lack a functional adaptive immune system, so it is possible to study the innate immune response in isolation. Sequencing of the zebrafish genome has revealed significant genetic conservation with the human genome, and multiple studies have revealed both functional conservation of genes, including those critical to host cell infection and host cell inflammatory response. In addition to studying several fish viruses, zebrafish infection models have been developed for several human viruses, including influenza A, noroviruses, chikungunya, Zika, dengue, herpes simplex virus type 1, Sindbis, and hepatitis C virus. The development of these diverse viral infection models, coupled with the inherent strengths of the zebrafish model, particularly as it relates to our understanding of macrophage and neutrophil biology, offers opportunities for far more intensive studies aimed at understanding conserved host responses to viral infection. In this context, we review aspects relating to the evolution of innate immunity, including the evolution of viral pattern recognition receptors, interferons and interferon receptors, and non-coding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Con Sullivan
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Maine at Augusta, Bangor, ME, United States
| | - Brandy-Lee Soos
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Paul J Millard
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Carol H Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Benjamin L King
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
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Zhang J, Ling N, Lei Y, Peng M, Hu P, Chen M. Multifaceted Interaction Between Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Lipid Metabolism in Hepatocytes: A Potential Target of Antiviral Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis B. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:636897. [PMID: 33776969 PMCID: PMC7991784 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.636897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is considered a “metabolic virus” and affects many hepatic metabolic pathways. However, how HBV affects lipid metabolism in hepatocytes remains uncertain yet. Accumulating clinical studies suggested that compared to non-HBV-infected controls, chronic HBV infection was associated with lower levels of serum total cholesterol and triglycerides and a lower prevalence of hepatic steatosis. In patients with chronic HBV infection, high ALT level, high body mass index, male gender, or old age was found to be positively correlated with hepatic steatosis. Furthermore, mechanisms of how HBV infection affected hepatic lipid metabolism had also been explored in a number of studies based on cell lines and mouse models. These results demonstrated that HBV replication or expression induced extensive and diverse changes in hepatic lipid metabolism, by not only activating expression of some critical lipogenesis and cholesterolgenesis-related proteins but also upregulating fatty acid oxidation and bile acid synthesis. Moreover, increasing studies found some potential targets to inhibit HBV replication or expression by decreasing or enhancing certain lipid metabolism-related proteins or metabolites. Therefore, in this article, we comprehensively reviewed these publications and revealed the connections between clinical observations and experimental findings to better understand the interaction between hepatic lipid metabolism and HBV infection. However, the available data are far from conclusive, and there is still a long way to go before clarifying the complex interaction between HBV infection and hepatic lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ning Ling
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingli Peng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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19
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Raby L, Völkel P, Le Bourhis X, Angrand PO. Genetic Engineering of Zebrafish in Cancer Research. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082168. [PMID: 32759814 PMCID: PMC7464884 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an excellent model to study a wide diversity of human cancers. In this review, we provide an overview of the genetic and reverse genetic toolbox allowing the generation of zebrafish lines that develop tumors. The large spectrum of genetic tools enables the engineering of zebrafish lines harboring precise genetic alterations found in human patients, the generation of zebrafish carrying somatic or germline inheritable mutations or zebrafish showing conditional expression of the oncogenic mutations. Comparative transcriptomics demonstrate that many of the zebrafish tumors share molecular signatures similar to those found in human cancers. Thus, zebrafish cancer models provide a unique in vivo platform to investigate cancer initiation and progression at the molecular and cellular levels, to identify novel genes involved in tumorigenesis as well as to contemplate new therapeutic strategies.
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20
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Fei F, Wang L, Sun S, Lv K, Yao Y, Wang J, Yu M, Wang X. Transgenic strategies to generate heterogeneous hepatic cancer models in zebrafish. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 11:1021-1023. [PMID: 31370058 PMCID: PMC6927236 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fei
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shaoyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kunpeng Lv
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuxiao Yao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Min Yu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
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21
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Wang C, Zhao Y, Jin Y. The emerging PFOS alternative OBS exposure induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and hepatic metabolism disorder in adult zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 230:108703. [PMID: 31917275 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sodium ρ-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate (OBS), as a novel the alternatives of PFASs, is widely used in many fields of life. Here, adult male zebrafish selected were exposed to OBS at concentrations of 3, 30 and 300 μg/L for 7 and 21 days, respectively. Based on the gut microbiota analysis, at genus level, the relative abundance of the Flavobacterium, Hyphomicrobium, Paracoccus, Lawsonia, Plesiomonas and Vibrio changed significantly in the gut of zebrafish after exposure to 300 μg/L OBS. In addition, the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis suggested that a total of 1077 metabolites in pos-model and a total of 706 metabolites in neg-model changed significantly from the liver, and these changed metabolites were tightly related to several pathways including amino acid, pyrimidine and purine metabolism, etc. Furthermore, the changed gut bacteria including Flavobacterium, Hyphomicrobium, Paracoccus, Lawsonia, Plesiomonas and Vibrio at genus level were significantly correlated with various metabolites (succinic acid, leucine, xanthine, orotic acid, nicotinic acid, etc.). Taken together, all the results showed that low dose of OBS exposure could induce the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and disturbed the hepatic metabolism balance in adult male zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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22
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Wang X, Zhou J, Shen M, Shen J, Zhang X, Jin Y. Chlorpyrifos exposure induces lipid metabolism disorder at the physiological and transcriptomic levels in larval zebrafish. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2019; 51:890-899. [PMID: 31384916 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmz074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used insecticide in pest control, and it can affect aquatic animals by contaminating the water. In this study, larval zebrafish were exposed to CPF at concentrations of 30, 100 and 300 μg/l for 7 days. In the CPF-treated group, lipid droplet accumulation was reduced in larval zebrafish. The levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and pyruvate were also decreased after CPF exposure. Cellular apoptosis were significantly increased in the heart tissue after CPF exposure compared with the control. Transcription changes in cardiovascular genes were also observed. Through transcriptome analysis, we found that the transcription of 465 genes changed significantly, with 398 upregulated and 67 downregulated in the CPF-treated group, indicating that CPF exposure altered the transcription of genes. Among these altered genes, a number of genes were closely related to the glucose and lipid metabolism pathways. Furthermore, we also confirmed that the transcription of genes related to fatty acid synthesis, TC synthesis, and lipogenesis were significantly decreased in larval zebrafish after exposure to CPF. These results indicated that CPF exposure induced lipid metabolism disorders associated with cardiovascular toxicity in larval zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jiajie Zhou
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Manlu Shen
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jiayan Shen
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
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23
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Wrighton PJ, Oderberg IM, Goessling W. There Is Something Fishy About Liver Cancer: Zebrafish Models of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 8:347-363. [PMID: 31108233 PMCID: PMC6713889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the mortality resulting from HCC are both increasing. Most patients with HCC are diagnosed at advanced stages when curative treatments are impossible. Current drug therapy extends mean overall survival by only a short period of time. Genetic mutations associated with HCC vary widely. Therefore, transgenic and mutant animal models are needed to investigate the molecular effects of specific mutations, classify them as drivers or passengers, and develop targeted treatments. Cirrhosis, however, is the premalignant state common to 90% of HCC patients. Currently, no specific therapies are available to halt or reverse the progression of cirrhosis to HCC. Understanding the genetic drivers of HCC as well as the biochemical, mechanical, hormonal, and metabolic changes associated with cirrhosis could lead to novel treatments and cancer prevention strategies. Although additional therapies recently received Food and Drug Administration approval, significant clinical breakthroughs have not emerged since the introduction of the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib, necessitating alternate research strategies. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are effective for disease modeling because of their high degree of gene and organ architecture conservation with human beings, ease of transgenesis and mutagenesis, high fecundity, and low housing cost. Here, we review zebrafish models of HCC and identify areas on which to focus future research efforts to maximize the advantages of the zebrafish model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Wrighton
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Isaac M Oderberg
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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24
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Wang X, Shen M, Zhou J, Jin Y. Chlorpyrifos disturbs hepatic metabolism associated with oxidative stress and gut microbiota dysbiosis in adult zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 216:19-28. [PMID: 30423371 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is widely used in agriculture and is considered one of the most toxic pesticides to fish. In this study, adult male zebrafish were exposed to CPF at concentrations of 30, 100 and 300 μg/L for 21 days. It was observed that CPF not only induced oxidative stress but also caused gut microbiota dysbiosis in the gut. The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased, and the glutathione (GSH) contents decreased in the gut of the CPF-treated group. For the gut microbiota, at the phylum level, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria showed a significant change after CPF exposure. At the genus level, approximately 25 types of bacteria in the gut changed significantly. In addition, based on a gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis, we found that 98 metabolites significantly influenced the zebrafish liver, and these changed metabolites were tightly related to several pathways, including glucose and lipid metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and amino acid metabolism. Furthermore, the transcriptional levels of some genes related to glycolysis and lipid metabolism decreased significantly in the livers of CPF-treated zebrafish. These results indicated that CPF exposure could induce hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in adult zebrafish. Taken together, our results suggest that CPF exposure causes hepatic lipid metabolism disorders that are associated with gut oxidative stress and microbiota dysbiosis in adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Manlu Shen
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jiajie Zhou
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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Zhang R, Pan Z, Wang X, Shen M, Zhou J, Fu Z, Jin Y. Short-term propamocarb exposure induces hepatic metabolism disorder associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis in adult male zebrafish. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2019; 51:88-96. [PMID: 30544157 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Propamocarb (PM) is a pesticide that is widely used to protect cucumbers and other plants from downy mildew. Recently, some studies indicated that PM exposure had potential toxic effects in animals. In this study, adult male zebrafish were exposed to 100 and 1000 μg/l PM for 7 days to assess its effects on metabolism and the gut microbiota. We observed a significant decrease in triglyceride (TG) in the livers of zebrafish that were exposed to 1000 μg/l PM for 7 days. At the same time, some genes related to glycolysis and lipid metabolism in the livers of zebrafish, including hexokinase-1 (HK1), pyruvate kinase (PK), acyl-CoA oxidase (Aco), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (Ppar-α), apolipoprotein A-IV-like (Apo), Acetyl CoA carboxylase-1 (Acc1), diacylglycerol acyltransferase (Dgat), and fatty acid synthase (Fas), were also decreased significantly after PM exposure. Based on GC-MS metabolomics analysis, a total of 48 metabolites changed significantly in the 1000 μg/l PM treatment group in comparison with the control group. These altered metabolites were mainly associated with the glycolysis, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism pathways. Interestingly, we further found that the 1000 μg/l PM treatment group also showed significant elevations in Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes at the phylum level. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene in the V3-V4 region also showed a significant change in the abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota in the 1000 μg/l PM treatment group. Our results indicated that exposure to PM for a short time could induce hepatic metabolic disorders and gut microbiota dysbiosis in adult male zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zihong Pan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Manlu Shen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Zhou
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Faillaci F, Milosa F, Critelli RM, Turola E, Schepis F, Villa E. Obese zebrafish: A small fish for a major human health condition. Animal Model Exp Med 2018; 1:255-265. [PMID: 30891575 PMCID: PMC6388073 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is becoming a silent worldwide epidemic, with a steady increase in both adults and children. To date, even though several drugs have been licensed for long-term obesity treatment, none of them are yet used in routine clinical practice. So far the only successful intervention has been behavioral therapy. A suitable and economic experimental model mimicking the human condition would therefore be extremely useful to evaluate preventive measures and novel treatments. Zebrafish are emerging as an important model system to study obesity and related metabolic disease. Remarkable similarities have been reported in lipid metabolism and the adipogenic pathway between zebrafish and mammals. Moreover, the zebrafish possesses a number of features-the relative inexpensiveness of animal husbandry, its optical transparency and the ability to produce a large number of offspring at low cost-that make it ideal for large-scale screening and for testing drugs and intervention. In this review, we summarize recent progress in using zebrafish as a model system to study obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders. We describe several zebrafish models (in both larvae and adult animals) that develop obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using different approaches, including gene manipulation, diet manipulation and modification of microbiota composition. For these models, we have outlined the specific aspects related to obesity and its development and we have summarized their advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Faillaci
- Department of Internal MedicineGastroenterology UnitUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
- Women in Hepatology GroupModenaItaly
| | - Fabiola Milosa
- Women in Hepatology GroupModenaItaly
- National Institute of Gastroenterology“S. de Bellis” Research HospitalCastellana GrotteItaly
| | - Rosina Maria Critelli
- Department of Internal MedicineGastroenterology UnitUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
- Women in Hepatology GroupModenaItaly
| | - Elena Turola
- Department of Internal MedicineEndocrinology UnitAOU of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Filippo Schepis
- Department of Internal MedicineGastroenterology UnitUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Erica Villa
- Department of Internal MedicineGastroenterology UnitUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
- Women in Hepatology GroupModenaItaly
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Lai CY, Lin CY, Hsu CC, Yeh KY, Her GM. Liver-directed microRNA-7a depletion induces nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by stabilizing YY1-mediated lipogenic pathways in zebrafish. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:844-856. [PMID: 29678641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been associated with the function and changes in expression levels of microRNAs (miRs). MiR-7 has been proven to play an important role in many cellular processes; however, its functions in the context of liver lipogenesis remain unknown. We applied the microRNA-sponge (miR-SP) technology and generated transgenic miR-7a-SP models (hC7aSP and bC7aSP), which disrupted the activities of hepatic miR-7a and induced the early onset of NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in zebrafish. We identified a novel miR-7a target, YY1, and demonstrated novel miR-7a functions to regulate zebrafish hepatic lipid metabolism by controlling YY1 stabilization through the regulation of the expression of lipogenic signaling pathways. Correspondingly, liver specific miR-7a depletion functionally promoted lipid accumulation in hC7ASP livers. NASH hC7aSP increased the expression of inflammatory genes (il-1b, il-6, tnf-α, ifn-γ, nfkb2, and NF-kB) and endoplasmic reticulum stress markers (atf6, ern2, ire1, perk, hspa5 and ddit3). Molecular analysis revealed that miR-7a-SP can stabilize YY1 expression and contribute to the accumulation of hepatic triglycerides by reducing the CHOP-10 expression in the hC7aSP and then inducing the transactivation of C/EBP-α and PPAR-γ expression. PPAR-γ antagonists and miR-7a mimic treatment ameliorate hC7aSP NASH phenotypes. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that miR-7a-SP acts as a lipid enhancer by directly increasing YY1 stability to disrupt CHOP-10-dependent suppression of lipogenic pathways, resulting in increased lipid accumulation. MiR-7a expression improves liver steatosis and steatohepatitis in hC7aSPs, which suggests a novel strategy for the prevention and early treatment of NASH in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yu Lai
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2, Pei Ning Road, Keelung 202, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Ya Lin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2, Pei Ning Road, Keelung 202, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Hsu
- Department of Radiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taichung Branch, No. 66 Fēngxìng Road Section 1, Taichung 427, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, No. 701, Sec. 3, Jhongyang Road, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Yun Yeh
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 222 Maijin Road, Keelung 204, Taiwan.
| | - Guor Mour Her
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2, Pei Ning Road, Keelung 202, Taiwan; Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming University, TNo. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
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28
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Hsu CC, Lai CY, Lin CY, Yeh KY, Her GM. MicroRNA-27b Depletion Enhances Endotrophic and Intravascular Lipid Accumulation and Induces Adipocyte Hyperplasia in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:E93. [PMID: 29286302 PMCID: PMC5796043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
miR-27b has emerged as a regulatory hub in cholesterol and lipid metabolism, and as a potential therapeutic target for treating atherosclerosis and obesity. However, the impact of miR-27b on lipid levels in vivo remains to be determined. Zebrafish lipids are normally stored as triacylglycerols (TGs) and their main storage sites are visceral, intramuscular, and subcutaneous lipid depots, and not blood vessels and liver. In this study, we applied microRNA-sponge (miR-SP) technology and generated zebrafish expressing transgenic miR-27b-SP (C27bSPs), which disrupted endogenous miR-27b activity and induced intravascular lipid accumulation (hyperlipidemia) and the early onset of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Oil Red O staining predominantly increased in the blood vessels and livers of larvae and juvenile C27bSPs, indicating that miR-27b depletion functionally promoted lipid accumulation. C27bSPs also showed an increased weight gain with larger fat pads, resulting from adipocyte hyperplasia. Molecular analysis revealed that miR-27b depletion increased the expression of genes that are associated with lipogenesis and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Moreover, miR-27b-SP increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), CCAAT enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBP-α, and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (SREBP-1c) expression and contributed to lipogenesis and adipogenesis. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that miR-27b-SP acts as a lipid enhancer by directly increasing the expression of several lipogenic/adipogenic transcriptional factors, resulting in increased lipogenesis and adipogenesis. In this study, miR-27b expression improved lipid metabolism in C27bSPs, which suggests that miR-27b is an important lipogenic factor in regulating early onset of hyperlipidemia and adipogenesis in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chun Hsu
- Department of Radiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taichung Branch, Taichung 427, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Yu Lai
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan.
| | - Chiu-Ya Lin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan.
| | - Kun-Yun Yeh
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang-Chung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan.
| | - Guor Mour Her
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan.
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Lin HJ, Ku KL, Lin IH, Yeh CC. Naringenin attenuates hepatitis B virus X protein-induced hepatic steatosis. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:505. [PMID: 29183361 PMCID: PMC5706293 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-2019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Naringenin (Nar), a common dietary flavonoid abundantly present in fruits, vegetables, and Chinese herbs, is believed to possess strong anti-inflammatory properties and to modulate hepatic apolipoprotein and lipid synthesis. However, there are no reports describing Nar's effects on the hepatitis B virus protein X (HBx) -induced hepatic steatosis, and the detailed molecular mechanisms of the compound's effects are still unclear. METHODS Nar was administered by oral gavage to HBx-transgenic mice from 4 to 6 weeks of age. Mice were sacrificed after 14 days of once-daily naringenin administration. Liver tissues and sera were collected for histopathology and biochemical analysis. RESULTS Nar counteracted hepatic lipid accumulation and liver dysfunction in HBx-transgenic mice. In addition, Nar significantly decreased expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes in mice, suggesting that the compound may have therapeutic effects in the early stages of HBx-mediated hepatic steatosis. These results indicated that naringenin inhibits HBx-induced expression of hepatic adipogenic and lipogenic genes through suppression of HBx-induced gene expression, including decreases in the transcriptional activity of SREBP1c, LXRα, and PPARγ in HBx-trangenic mice and HBx-transfected HepG2 cells. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study suggested that Nar may serve as a therapeutic agent for preventing HBx-infected hepatic steatosis in humans.
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30
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Yeh KY, Lai CY, Lin CY, Hsu CC, Lo CP, Her GM. ATF4 overexpression induces early onset of hyperlipidaemia and hepatic steatosis and enhances adipogenesis in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16362. [PMID: 29180630 PMCID: PMC5703967 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16587-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is constitutively expressed in a variety of tissues, and regulates several pathological features associated with metabolic diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) and obesity. However, the role of ATF4 in animal model systems is poorly understood. To investigate ATF4 functions in zebrafish, we conditionally expressed ATF4 proteins, using a Tet-off transgenic system. We observed early-onset hyperlipidaemia and liver steatosis in ATF4 transgenic zebrafish (ATs) without doxycycline treatment (ATs − Dox). Oil Red O (ORO)-stained signals were predominant in the intravascular blood vessels and liver buds of larval ATs − Dox, indicating that ATF4 functionally promotes lipogenesis. Further, ATF4 overexpression accompanied the stimulation of the unfolded protein response. Therefore, adult ATs − Dox showed increased lipid accumulation, which led, in turn, to liver steatosis. Liver histology and ORO staining of ATs − Dox hepatocytes also indicated oxidative stress and induced NASH-like phenotypes. Moreover, ATF4 overexpression accelerated adipocyte differentiation via CCAAT enhancer binding protein-beta and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma inducible expression. ATs-Dox zebrafish showed increased weight gain with larger fat pads due to adipocyte hyperplasia. In this study, we report that ATF4 is a potential stimulator of lipid biosynthesis and adipogenesis in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Yun Yeh
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang-Chung Memorial Hospital, 222 Maijin Road, Keelung, 204, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Lai
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2, Pei Ning Road, Keelung, 202, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Ya Lin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2, Pei Ning Road, Keelung, 202, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Hsu
- Department of Radiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taichung Branch, No. 66 Fēngxìng Road Section 1, Taichung, 427, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, No.701, Sec. 3, Jhongyang Road, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ping Lo
- Department of Radiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taichung Branch, No. 66 Fēngxìng Road Section 1, Taichung, 427, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, No.701, Sec. 3, Jhongyang Road, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan
| | - Guor Mour Her
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2, Pei Ning Road, Keelung, 202, Taiwan.
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31
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Jin C, Luo T, Zhu Z, Pan Z, Yang J, Wang W, Fu Z, Jin Y. Imazalil exposure induces gut microbiota dysbiosis and hepatic metabolism disorder in zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 202:85-93. [PMID: 28888875 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The fungicide imazalil (IMZ) is used extensively to preserve freshness, prevent decay and control fungal infections in fruits, vegetables or other plants. Recently, some studies have reported that the real in aquatic systems have reached very high levels. Here, male adult zebrafish were exposed to 100 and 1000μg/L IMZ for 1, 7, 21days, and the gut microbiota and hepatic metabolism were evaluated. Exposure to a high concentration of IMZ for 21days decreased mucin secretion in the gut. Sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene revealed a significant increase in the diversity of gut microbiota in male zebrafish. At the phylum level, the composition of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes was decreased, while those Fusobacteria and Firmicutes increased in the gut after exposure to 1000μg/L IMZ for 21days. At the genus level, 29 species of microorganisms were significantly changed after IMZ exposure. Based on GC/MS metabolomics analysis, 101 metabolites were observably significantly altered in the 1000μg/L IMZ-treatment group. These changed metabolites were mainly associated with the pathway of glycolysis, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism. In addition, the transcription of some genes related to glycolysis and lipid metabolism, including Aco, Cpt1, Acc1, Srebp1a and Fas, was decreased significantly in the liver of zebrafish when exposed to 100 and 1000μg/L IMZ for 7 or 21days. These results indicated that exposure to IMZ could cause gut microbiota dysbiosis and metabolic disorders in adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyuan Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Ting Luo
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhihong Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zihong Pan
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jiajing Yang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Wenchao Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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Lipid Storage and Autophagy in Melanoma Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061271. [PMID: 28617309 PMCID: PMC5486093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) represent a key cellular subpopulation controlling biological features such as cancer progression in all cancer types. By using melanospheres established from human melanoma patients, we compared less differentiated melanosphere-derived CSC to differentiating melanosphere-derived cells. Increased lipid uptake was found in melanosphere-derived CSC vs. differentiating melanosphere-derived cells, paralleled by strong expression of lipogenic factors Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein-1 (SREBP-1) and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ (PPAR-γ). An inverse relation between lipid-storing phenotype and autophagy was also found, since microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-Light Chain 3 (LC3) lipidation is reduced in melanosphere-derived CSC. To investigate upstream autophagy regulators, Phospho-AMP activated Protein Kinase (P-AMPK) and Phospho-mammalian Target of Rapamycin (P-mTOR) were analyzed; lower P-AMPK and higher P-mTOR expression in melanosphere-derived CSC were found, thus explaining, at least in part, their lower autophagic activity. In addition, co-localization of LC3-stained autophagosome spots and perilipin-stained lipid droplets was demonstrated mainly in differentiating melanosphere-derived cells, further supporting the role of autophagy in lipid droplets clearance. The present manuscript demonstrates an inverse relationship between lipid-storing phenotype and melanoma stem cells differentiation, providing novel indications involving autophagy in melanoma stem cells biology.
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Pham DH, Zhang C, Yin C. Using zebrafish to model liver diseases-Where do we stand? CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 5:207-221. [PMID: 29098121 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-017-0141-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The liver is the largest internal organ and performs both exocrine and endocrine function that is necessary for survival. Liver failure is among the leading causes of death and represents a major global health burden. Liver transplantation is the only effective treatment for end-stage liver diseases. Animal models advance our understanding of liver disease etiology and hold promise for the development of alternative therapies. Zebrafish has become an increasingly popular system for modeling liver diseases and complements the rodent models. Recent Findings The zebrafish liver contains main cell types that are found in mammalian liver and exhibits similar pathogenic responses to environmental insults and genetic mutations. Zebrafish have been used to model neonatal cholestasis, cholangiopathies, such as polycystic liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. It also provides a unique opportunity to study the plasticity of liver parenchymal cells during regeneration. Summary In this review, we summarize the recent work of building zebrafish models of liver diseases. We highlight how these studies have brought new knowledge of disease mechanisms. We also discuss the advantages and challenges of using zebrafish to model liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc-Hung Pham
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA
| | - Changwen Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA
| | - Chunyue Yin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA.,Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA
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Shen T, Wu WM, Du WH, Wang L, He LG, Tan L, Wang Z, Chen R, Hu M, Ren YP. Positive association between serum apolipoprotein M levels and hepatitis B virus DNA load in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:210. [PMID: 27927202 PMCID: PMC5142335 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0384-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis virus B (HBV) has infected millions of people worldwide. Notably, such infections can be associated with hepatic complications. Levels of apolipoprotein M (apoM), a component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), are known to be significantly elevated in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between HBV DNA load in serum and serum apoM levels in patients with CHB. METHODS A total of 73 HBeAg-negative CHB patients, 50 HBeAg-positive CHB patients, and 79 non-CHB controls were included in the study cohort. The age and body mass index (BMI) of the study participants were matched. Serum levels of apoM and the HBV antigens HBsAg and HBeAg were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), cholesterol, and triglycerides (TG) were assessed using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Serum HBV DNA levels were quantified by real-time PCR analysis. Data were analyzed by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multivariate linear regression model (continuous variables), or Student's t-test (mean differences). RESULTS Both the HBeAg-negative CHB and HBeAg-positive CHB patient groups exhibited elevated serum levels of apoM. Moreover, serum apoM levels were positively correlated with serum HBV DNA levels in HBeAg-negative CHB patients (r = 0.394, p < 0.001). Conversely, there was no significant relationship between apoM and HBV DNA levels in the HBeAg-positive CHB group (r = 0.197, p = 0.170). The median log copies/mL value for HBV DNA (4.00) was considered the cutoff point for the HBeAg-negative CHB group. Notably, a significant number of patients with HBV DNA levels above the cutoff point also had higher serum apoM levels (63.38 ± 29.84 vs. 41.41 ± 21.84; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that the correlation between serum apoM levels and viral loads may depend on HBeAg status, as serum apoM levels were positively correlated with HBV DNA levels in HBeAg-negative CHB patients. These results suggest that HBeAg may play a role in apoM-related lipid metabolism and anti-inflammatory functions in hepatitis B patients. Thus, our findings may facilitate the clinical management of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wei Min Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wen Han Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - La Gu He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - ZeYou Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ruohong Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Ya Ping Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China.
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Shi YX, Huang CJ, Yang ZG. Impact of hepatitis B virus infection on hepatic metabolic signaling pathway. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:8161-8167. [PMID: 27688657 PMCID: PMC5037084 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i36.8161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of epidemiologic research has demonstrated that metabolic derangement exists in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, indicating that there are clinical associations between HBV infection and host metabolism. In order to understand the complex interplay between HBV and hepatic metabolism in greater depth, we systematically reviewed these alterations in different metabolic signaling pathways due to HBV infection. HBV infection interfered with most aspects of hepatic metabolic responses, including glucose, lipid, nucleic acid, bile acid and vitamin metabolism. Glucose and lipid metabolism is a particular focus due to the significant promotion of gluconeogenesis, glucose aerobic oxidation, the pentose phosphate pathway, fatty acid synthesis or oxidation, phospholipid and cholesterol biosynthesis affected by HBV. These altered metabolic pathways are involved in the pathological process of not only hepatitis B, but also metabolic disorders, increasing the occurrence of complications, such as hepatocellular carcinoma and liver steatosis. Thus, a clearer understanding of the hepatic metabolic pathways affected by HBV and its pathogenesis is necessary to develop more novel therapeutic strategies targeting viral eradication.
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Ho JCH, Hsiao CD, Kawakami K, Tse WKF. Triclosan (TCS) exposure impairs lipid metabolism in zebrafish embryos. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 173:29-35. [PMID: 26828895 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is an active antimicrobial ingredient used in many household products, such as skin creams and toothpaste. It is produced in high volumes, and humans are directly exposed to it and dispose it on a daily basis. TCS has been found to contaminate water worldwide. This study aimed to understand the potential developmental and metabolic abnormalities caused by TCS exposure by using zebrafish as the experimental model. Four developmental stages (70-85% epiboly, 10-12 somite, prim-5, and 5dpf) were selected to perform in situ hybridization staining to investigate the effects of TCS on dorsal ventral patterning, segmentation, brain development, and organ formation. Results showed, in terms of developmental toxicology, that neither phenotypic nor molecular changes were found after 5 days of 250μg/L TCS exposure. However, such dosage of TCS exposure resulted in lipid droplet accumulation in the yolk sac, which might due to the deregulated mRNA expression level of beta-oxidation transcripts. This study showed that 250μg/L TCS exposure does not affect normal embryogenesis or organogenesis; however, there are concerns regarding possible impairment of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff C H Ho
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - C D Hsiao
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
| | - K Kawakami
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - William K F Tse
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
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37
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Killeen AP, Diskin MG, Morris DG, Kenny DA, Waters SM. Endometrial gene expression in high- and low-fertility heifers in the late luteal phase of the estrous cycle and a comparison with midluteal gene expression. Physiol Genomics 2016; 48:306-19. [PMID: 26850042 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00042.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic mortality is a major constraint to improving reproductive efficiency and profitability in livestock enterprises. We previously reported differential expression of genes with identified roles in cellular growth and proliferation, lipid metabolism, endometrial remodeling, inflammation, angiogenesis, and metabolic exchange in endometrial tissue on day 7 of the estrous cycle (D7), between heifers ranked as either high (HF) or low (LF) for fertility. The aim of the current study was to further elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to early embryo loss by examining differential endometrial gene expression in HF or LF heifers at a later stage of the estrous cycle;day 14(D14). A second objective was to compare these expression profiles with those from midluteal HF and LF endometrium. Using the same animal model as employed in the previous study, we slaughtered HF and LF animals on D14, harvested endometrial tissue, and carried out global gene expression analysis using the Affymetrix Bovine GeneChip. Microarray analysis detected 430 differentially expressed genes (DEG) between HF and LF animals. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed enrichment for a host of biological pathways including lipid metabolism, molecular transport, immune response, cell morphology and development, and cell growth and proliferation. Important DEG includedALB, BMPR2, CCL28, COL4A3/4, FADS1, ITGA6, LDLR, PLCB3, PPARG, PTGS2, and SLC27A4 Furthermore, DEG expressed on both D7 and D14 included:PCCB,SLC25A24,DAP, and COL4A4 This study highlights some of the pathways and mechanisms underpinning late luteal bovine endometrial physiology and endometrial-related conception rate variance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aideen P Killeen
- Teagasc, Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, County Meath, Ireland; School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, College of Life Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; and
| | - Michael G Diskin
- Teagasc, Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Mellows Campus, Athenry, County Galway, Ireland
| | - Dermot G Morris
- Teagasc, Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Mellows Campus, Athenry, County Galway, Ireland
| | - David A Kenny
- Teagasc, Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, County Meath, Ireland
| | - Sinéad M Waters
- Teagasc, Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, County Meath, Ireland;
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Zhang J, Sun P, Kong T, Yang F, Guan W. Tributyltin promoted hepatic steatosis in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and the molecular pathogenesis involved. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 170:208-215. [PMID: 26674369 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptor effects of tributyltin (TBT) are well established in fish. However, the adverse effects on lipid metabolism are less well understood. Since the liver is the predominant site of de novo synthesis of lipids, the present study uses zebrafish (Danio rerio) to examine lipid accumulation in the livers and hepatic gene expression associated with lipid metabolism pathways. After exposure for 90 days, we found that the livers in fish exposed to TBT were yellowish in appearance and with accumulation of lipid droplet, which is consistent with the specific pathological features of steatosis. Molecular analysis revealed that TBT induced hepatic steatosis by increasing the gene expression associated with lipid transport, lipid storage, lipiogenic enzymes and lipiogenic factors in the livers. Moreover, TBT enhanced hepatic caspase-3 activity and up-regulated genes related to apoptosis and cell-death, which indicated steatotic livers of fish exposed to TBT and the subsequent liver damage were likely due to accelerated hepatocyte apoptosis or cell stress. In short, TBT can produce multiple and complex alterations in transcriptional activity of lipid metabolism and cell damage, which provides potential molecular evidence of TBT on hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiliang Zhang
- Henan Open Laboratory of key subjects of Environmental and Animal Products Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, China.
| | - Ping Sun
- Henan Open Laboratory of key subjects of Environmental and Animal Products Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, China
| | - Tao Kong
- Henan Open Laboratory of key subjects of Environmental and Animal Products Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Henan Open Laboratory of key subjects of Environmental and Animal Products Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, China
| | - Wenchao Guan
- Henan Open Laboratory of key subjects of Environmental and Animal Products Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, China
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Lyssimachou A, Santos JG, André A, Soares J, Lima D, Guimarães L, Almeida CMR, Teixeira C, Castro LFC, Santos MM. The Mammalian "Obesogen" Tributyltin Targets Hepatic Triglyceride Accumulation and the Transcriptional Regulation of Lipid Metabolism in the Liver and Brain of Zebrafish. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143911. [PMID: 26633012 PMCID: PMC4669123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings indicate that different Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) interfere with lipid metabolic pathways in mammals and promote fat accumulation, a previously unknown site of action for these compounds. The antifoulant and environmental pollutant tributyltin (TBT), which causes imposex in gastropod snails, induces an “obesogenic” phenotype in mammals, through the activation of the nuclear receptors retinoid X receptor (RXR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). In teleosts, the effects of TBT on the lipid metabolism are poorly understood, particularly following exposure to low, environmental concentrations. In this context, the present work shows that exposure of zebrafish to 10 and 50 ng/L of TBT (as Sn) from pre-hatch to 9 months of age alters the body weight, condition factor, hepatosomatic index and hepatic triglycerides in a gender and dose related manner. Furthermore, TBT modulated the transcription of key lipid regulating factors and enzymes involved in adipogenesis, lipogenesis, glucocorticoid metabolism, growth and development in the brain and liver of exposed fish, revealing sexual dimorphic effects in the latter. Overall, the present study shows that the model mammalian obesogen TBT interferes with triglyceride accumulation and the transcriptional regulation of lipid metabolism in zebrafish and indentifies the brain lipogenic transcription profile of fish as a new target of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Lyssimachou
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-AL, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050–123, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail: (AL); (LFCC); (MMS)
| | - Joana G. Santos
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-AL, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050–123, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana André
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-AL, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050–123, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Soares
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-AL, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050–123, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Lima
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-AL, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050–123, Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura Guimarães
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-AL, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050–123, Porto, Portugal
| | - C. Marisa R. Almeida
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-AL, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050–123, Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Teixeira
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-AL, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050–123, Porto, Portugal
| | - L. Filipe C. Castro
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-AL, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050–123, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail: (AL); (LFCC); (MMS)
| | - Miguel M. Santos
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-AL, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050–123, Porto, Portugal
- FCUP–Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail: (AL); (LFCC); (MMS)
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Zheng X, Dai W, Chen X, Wang K, Zhang W, Liu L, Hou J. Caffeine reduces hepatic lipid accumulation through regulation of lipogenesis and ER stress in zebrafish larvae. J Biomed Sci 2015; 22:105. [PMID: 26572131 PMCID: PMC4647812 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-015-0206-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caffeine, the main component of coffee, has showed its protective effect on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in many studies. However, the hepatoprotection of caffeine and its mechanisms in zebrafish were unexplored. Thus, this study's intentions are to establish a NAFLD model of zebrafish larvae and to examine the role of caffeine on fatty liver with the model. RESULTS Growth and the incidence of fatty liver of zebrafish larvae increased with the increased amount of feeding in a dose-dependent manner. The degree of hepatic steatosis of larvae also gradually aggravated with the increased quantity and duration of feeding. Triglyceride contents of zebrafish fed for 20 days significantly increased in model group (180 mg/d) compared with control group (30 mg/d) (P < 0.001). Significant decreases in body weight and hepatic steatosis rate were observed in 2.5, 5, 8 % caffeine treatment group compared with model group (P < 0.05). Hepatic lipid accumulation was also significantly reduced in caffeine treatment larvae. Moreover, caffeine treatment was associated with upregulation of lipid β-oxidation gene ACO and downregulation of lipogenesis-associated genes (SREBP1, ACC1, CD36 and UCP2), ER stress-associated genes (PERK, IRE1, ATF6 and BIP), the inflammatory cytokine genes (IL-1beta and TNF-alpha) and autophagy associated genes (ATG12 and Beclin-1). Protein expression of CHOP, BIP and IL-1beta remarkably reduced in caffeine treatment group compared with model group. CONCLUSIONS We induced hepatoteatosis in zebrafish by overfeeding regimen and demonstrated caffeine have a role in suppression of hepatosteatosis by downregulation of genes associated with lipogenesis, ER stress, inflammatory response and enhancement of lipid oxidation, indicating zebrafish model may be used to identify putative pharmacological targets and to test novel drugs for human NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Wencong Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Cell Biology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Kunyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Cell Biology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Jinlin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Lu JW, Ho YJ, Yang YJ, Liao HA, Ciou SC, Lin LI, Ou DL. Zebrafish as a disease model for studying human hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:12042-12058. [PMID: 26576090 PMCID: PMC4641123 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i42.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the world’s most common cancers and the second leading cause of cancer deaths. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a primary hepatic cancer, accounts for 90%-95% of liver cancer cases. The pathogenesis of HCC consists of a stepwise process of liver damage that extends over decades, due to hepatitis, fatty liver, fibrosis, and cirrhosis before developing fully into HCC. Multiple risk factors are highly correlated with HCC, including infection with the hepatitis B or C viruses, alcohol abuse, aflatoxin exposure, and metabolic diseases. Over the last decade, genetic alterations, which include the regulation of multiple oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes and the activation of tumorigenesis-related pathways, have also been identified as important factors in HCC. Recently, zebrafish have become an important living vertebrate model organism, especially for translational medical research. In studies focusing on the biology of cancer, carcinogen induced tumors in zebrafish were found to have many similarities to human tumors. Several zebrafish models have therefore been developed to provide insight into the pathogenesis of liver cancer and the related drug discovery and toxicology, and to enable the evaluation of novel small-molecule inhibitors. This review will focus on illustrative examples involving the application of zebrafish models to the study of human liver disease and HCC, through transgenesis, genome editing technology, xenografts, drug discovery, and drug-induced toxic liver injury.
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Goessling W, Sadler KC. Zebrafish: an important tool for liver disease research. Gastroenterology 2015; 149:1361-77. [PMID: 26319012 PMCID: PMC4762709 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As the incidence of hepatobiliary diseases increases, we must improve our understanding of the molecular, cellular, and physiological factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of liver disease. Animal models help us identify disease mechanisms that might be targeted therapeutically. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have traditionally been used to study embryonic development but are also important to the study of liver disease. Zebrafish embryos develop rapidly; all of their digestive organs are mature in larvae by 5 days of age. At this stage, they can develop hepatobiliary diseases caused by developmental defects or toxin- or ethanol-induced injury and manifest premalignant changes within weeks. Zebrafish are similar to humans in hepatic cellular composition, function, signaling, and response to injury as well as the cellular processes that mediate liver diseases. Genes are highly conserved between humans and zebrafish, making them a useful system to study the basic mechanisms of liver disease. We can perform genetic screens to identify novel genes involved in specific disease processes and chemical screens to identify pathways and compounds that act on specific processes. We review how studies of zebrafish have advanced our understanding of inherited and acquired liver diseases as well as liver cancer and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Goessling
- Divisions of Genetics and Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kirsten C Sadler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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43
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Lin JN, Chang LL, Lai CH, Lin KJ, Lin MF, Yang CH, Lin HH, Chen YH. Development of an Animal Model for Alcoholic Liver Disease in Zebrafish. Zebrafish 2015; 12:271-80. [PMID: 25923904 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2014.1054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) continues to be a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. To date, no zebrafish animal model has demonstrated the characteristic manifestations of ALD in the setting of chronic alcohol exposure. The aim of this study was to develop a zebrafish animal model for ALD. Male adult zebrafish were housed in a 1% (v/v) ethanol solution up to 3 months. A histopathological study showed the characteristic features of alcoholic liver steatosis and steatohepatitis in the early stages of alcohol exposure, including fat droplet accumulation, ballooning degeneration of the hepatocytes, and Mallory body formation. As the exposure time increased, collagen deposition in the extracellular matrix was observed by Sirius red staining and immunofluorescence staining. Finally, anaplastic hepatocytes with pleomorphic nuclei were arranged in trabecular patterns and formed nodules in the zebrafish liver. Over the time course of 1% ethanol exposure, upregulations of lipogenesis, fibrosis, and tumor-related genes were also revealed by semiquantitative and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. As these data reflect characteristic liver damage by alcohol in humans, this zebrafish animal model may serve as a powerful tool to study the pathogenesis and treatment of ALD and its related disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Nong Lin
- 1 Department of Critical Care Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University , Kaohsiung, Taiwan .,2 School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University , Kaohsiung, Taiwan .,3 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University , Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Li Chang
- 4 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsu Lai
- 3 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University , Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jen Lin
- 5 Department of Pathology, I-Shou University , Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Fang Lin
- 6 Department of Pharmacy, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University , Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hui Yang
- 7 General Education Center, Meiho University , Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Hsun Lin
- 3 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University , Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- 8 School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung, Taiwan .,9 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung, Taiwan .,10 Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, HsinChu, Taiwan
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Forn-Cuní G, Varela M, Fernández-Rodríguez CM, Figueras A, Novoa B. Liver immune responses to inflammatory stimuli in a diet-induced obesity model of zebrafish. J Endocrinol 2015; 224:159-70. [PMID: 25371540 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity- and metabolic syndrome-related diseases are becoming important medical challenges for the western world. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a manifestation of these altered conditions in the liver, and inflammation appears to be a factor that is tightly connected to its evolution. In this study, we used a diet-induced obesity approach in zebrafish (Danio rerio) based on overfeeding to analyze liver transcriptomic modulation in the disease and to determine how obesity affects the immune response against an acute inflammatory stimulus such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Overfed zebrafish developed an obese phenotype, showed signs of liver steatosis, and its modulation profile resembled that observed in humans, with overexpression of tac4, col4a3, col4a5, lysyl oxidases, and genes involved in retinoid metabolism. In response to LPS, healthy fish exhibited a typical host defense reaction comparable to that which occurs in mammals, whereas there was no significant gene modulation when comparing expression in the liver of LPS-stimulated and non-stimulated obese zebrafish at the same statistical level. The stimulation of obese fish represents a double-hit to the already damaged liver and can help understand the evolution of the disease. Finally, a comparison of the differential gene activation between stimulated healthy and obese zebrafish revealed the expected difference in the metabolic state between healthy and diseased liver. The differentially modulated genes are currently being studied as putative new pathological markers in NAFLD-stimulated liver in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Forn-Cuní
- Instituto de Investigaciones MarinasCSIC, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, SpainHospital Universitario Fundación AlcorcónMadrid, Spain
| | - Monica Varela
- Instituto de Investigaciones MarinasCSIC, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, SpainHospital Universitario Fundación AlcorcónMadrid, Spain
| | - Conrado M Fernández-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones MarinasCSIC, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, SpainHospital Universitario Fundación AlcorcónMadrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Figueras
- Instituto de Investigaciones MarinasCSIC, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, SpainHospital Universitario Fundación AlcorcónMadrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Novoa
- Instituto de Investigaciones MarinasCSIC, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, SpainHospital Universitario Fundación AlcorcónMadrid, Spain
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45
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Ding CB, Zhao Y, Zhang JP, Peng ZG, Song DQ, Jiang JD. A zebrafish model for subgenomic hepatitis C virus replication. Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:791-7. [PMID: 25572289 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major risk factor in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. The elucidation of the pathogenesis of HCV-associated liver disease is hampered by the absence of an appropriate small animal model. Zebrafish exhibits high genetic homology to mammals, and is easily manipulated experimentally. In this study, we describe the use of a zebrafish model for the analysis of HCV replication mechanisms. As the 5' untranslated region (UTR), the core protein, the non-structural protein 5B (NS5B) and the 3'UTR are essential for HCV replication, we constructed a HCV sub-replicon gene construct including the 4 gene sequences and the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter gene; these genes were transcribed through the mouse hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (mHNF4) promoter. By microinjection of the subgenomic replicon vector into zebrafish larvae, the virus was easily detected by observing EGFP fluorescence in the liver. The positive core and NS5B signals showed positive expression of the HCV gene construct in zebrafish by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis. Importantly, the negative strand sequence of the HCV subgenomic RNA was detected by RT-PCR and hybridization in situ, demonstrating that the HCV sub-replicon has positive replication activity. Furthermore, the hybridization signal mainly appeared in the liver region of larvae, as detected by the sense probe of the core protein or NS5B, which confirmed that the sub-replicon amplification occurred in the zebrafish liver. The amplification of the sub-replicon caused alterations in the expression of certain genes, which is similar to HCV infection in human liver cells. To verify the use of this zebrafish model in drug evaluation, two drugs against HCV used in clinical practice, ribavirin and oxymatrine, were tested and these drugs showed significant inhibition of replication of the HCV sub-replicon in the larvae. In conclusion, this zebrafish model of HCV may prove to be a novel and simple in vivo model for the study of the mechanisms of HCV replication and may also prove useful in the disovery of new anti-HCV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun-Bao Ding
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Pu Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Zong-Gen Peng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Dan-Qing Song
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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46
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Pathophysiological and pharmacological implications of elucidating the molecular bases of the interaction between HBV and the bile acid transporter NTCP. Ann Hepatol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1665-2681(19)30814-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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47
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Blüthgen N, Meili N, Chew G, Odermatt A, Fent K. Accumulation and effects of the UV-filter octocrylene in adult and embryonic zebrafish (Danio rerio). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 476-477:207-217. [PMID: 24463256 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Wide application of the UV-filter octocrylene (OC) in cosmetics leads to contamination of the aquatic environment, but effects of OC remain unclear. Here we determine bioaccumulation and molecular effects of OC. Adult male zebrafish were exposed to 22, 209 and 383 μg/L and embryos to 69, 293 and 925 μg/L OC. OC accumulated in fish up to 17 μg/g. Calculated BCF varied between 41 and 136. Microarray analysis in brain and liver following exposure to 383 μg/L OC revealed alteration of 628 and 136 transcripts, respectively. Most prominent GO processes included developmental processes, organ development, hematopoiesis, formation of blood vessels, blood circulation, fat cell differentiation and metabolism. Validation by RT-qPCR in brain and liver of adult fish and embryos included a series of genes. Blood levels of 11-ketotestosterone were not altered. The transcriptomics data suggest that OC mainly affects transcription of genes related to developmental processes in the brain and liver as well as metabolic processes in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Blüthgen
- University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland; University of Basel, Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Meili
- University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Geraldine Chew
- University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Alex Odermatt
- University of Basel, Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karl Fent
- University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollution Dynamics, Department of Environmental System Sciences, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
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48
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Lu JW, Liao CY, Yang WY, Lin YM, Jin SLC, Wang HD, Yuh CH. Overexpression of endothelin 1 triggers hepatocarcinogenesis in zebrafish and promotes cell proliferation and migration through the AKT pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85318. [PMID: 24416389 PMCID: PMC3885696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocarcinogenesis commonly involves the gradual progression from hepatitis to fibrosis and cirrhosis, and ultimately to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Endothelin 1 (Edn1) has been identified as a gene that is significantly up-regulated in HBx-induced HCC in mice. In this study, we further investigated the role of edn1 in hepatocarcinogenesis using a transgenic zebrafish model and a cell culture system. Liver-specific edn1 expression caused steatosis, fibrosis, glycogen accumulation, bile duct dilation, hyperplasia, and HCC in zebrafish. Overexpression of EDN1 in 293T cells enhanced cell proliferation and cell migration in in vitro and xenotransplantation assays and was accompanied with up-regulation of several cell cycle/proliferation- and migration-specific genes. Furthermore, expression of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway-related mediators, such as spliced XBP1, ATF6, IRE1, and PERK, was also up-regulated at both the RNA and protein levels. In the presence of an EDN1 inhibitor or an AKT inhibitor, these increases were diminished and the EDN1-induced migration ability also was disappeared, suggesting that the EDN1 effects act through activation of the AKT pathway to enhance the UPR and subsequently activate the expression of downstream genes. Additionally, p-AKT is enhanced in the edn1 transgenic fish compared to the GFP-mCherry control. The micro RNA miR-1 was found to inhibit the expression of EDN1. We also observed an inverse correlation between EDN1 and miR-1 expression in HCC patients. In conclusion, our data suggest that EDN1 plays an important role in HCC progression by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway and is regulated by miR-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Wei Lu
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Liao
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Yang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Min Lin
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Changhua County, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | | | - Horng-Dar Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Hwa Yuh
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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49
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Abstract
The liver performs a large number of essential synthetic and regulatory functions that are acquired during fetal development and persist throughout life. Their disruption underlies a diverse group of heritable and acquired diseases that affect both pediatric and adult patients. Although experimental analyses used to study liver development and disease are typically performed in cell culture models or rodents, the zebrafish is increasingly used to complement discoveries made in these systems. Forward and reverse genetic analyses over the past two decades have shown that the molecular program for liver development is largely conserved between zebrafish and mammals, and that the zebrafish can be used to model heritable human liver disorders. Recent work has demonstrated that zebrafish can also be used to study the mechanistic basis of acquired liver diseases. Here, we provide a comprehensive summary of how the zebrafish has contributed to our understanding of human liver development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Wilkins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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50
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Lu JW, Yang WY, Tsai SM, Lin YM, Chang PH, Chen JR, Wang HD, Wu JL, Jin SLC, Yuh CH. Liver-specific expressions of HBx and src in the p53 mutant trigger hepatocarcinogenesis in zebrafish. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76951. [PMID: 24130815 PMCID: PMC3793937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocarcinogenesis is a multistep process that starts from fatty liver and transitions to fibrosis and, finally, into cancer. Many etiological factors, including hepatitis B virus X antigen (HBx) and p53 mutations, have been implicated in hepatocarcinogenesis. However, potential synergistic effects between these two factors and the underlying mechanisms by which they promote hepatocarcinogenesis are still unclear. In this report, we show that the synergistic action of HBx and p53 mutation triggers progressive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) formation via src activation in zebrafish. Liver-specific expression of HBx in wild-type zebrafish caused steatosis, fibrosis and glycogen accumulation. However, the induction of tumorigenesis by HBx was only observed in p53 mutant fish and occurred in association with the up-regulation and activation of the src tyrosine kinase pathway. Furthermore, the overexpression of src in p53 mutant zebrafish also caused hyperplasia, HCC, and sarcomatoid HCC, which were accompanied by increased levels of the signaling proteins p-erk, p-akt, myc, jnk1 and vegf. Increased expression levels of lipogenic factors and the genes involved in lipid metabolism and glycogen storage were detected during the early stages of hepatocarcinogenesis in the HBx and src transgenic zebrafish. The up-regulation of genes involved in cell cycle regulation, tumor progression and other molecular hallmarks of human liver cancer were found at later stages in both HBx and src transgenic, p53 mutant zebrafish. Together, our study demonstrates that HBx and src overexpression induced hepatocarcinogenesis in p53 mutant zebrafish. This phenomenon mimics human HCC formation and provides potential in vivo platforms for drug screening for therapies for human liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Wei Lu
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Yang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Su-Mei Tsai
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Min Lin
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Changhua County, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Hou-Loung Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Pen-Heng Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jim-Ray Chen
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Dar Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Leih Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Nangang District, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Chiou-Hwa Yuh
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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