1
|
Gao X, Zhu Z, Bao Y, Li Y, Zhu W, He X, Ge X, Huang W, Wang H, Wei W, Du J, Chen L, Li H, Sheng L. Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat extract and probiotics combination ameliorates metabolic disorders through regulating gut microbiota and PPARα subcellular localization. Chin Med 2024; 19:76. [PMID: 38831430 PMCID: PMC11149226 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00950-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat, a traditional Chinese medicine, has the effects on liver clearing, vision improving, and anti-inflammation. C. morifolium and probiotics have been individually studied for their beneficial effects on metabolic diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms were not completely elucidated. This study aims to elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms of C. morifolium and probiotics combination (CP) on alleviating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the dysregulation of glucose metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. METHODS The therapeutic effect of CP on metabolism was evaluated by liver histology and serum biochemical analysis, as well as glucose tolerance test. The impact of CP on gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing and fecal microbiota transplantation. Hepatic transcriptomic analysis was performed with the key genes and proteins validated by RT-qPCR and western blotting. In addition, whole body Pparα knockout (Pparα-/-) mice were used to confirm the CP-mediated pathway. RESULTS CP supplementation ameliorated metabolic disorders by reducing body weight and hepatic steatosis, and improving glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in HFD fed mice. CP intervention mitigated the HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, which contributed at least in part, to the beneficial effect of improving glucose metabolism. In addition, hepatic transcriptomic analysis showed that CP modulated the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism. CP downregulated the mRNA level of lipid droplet-binding proteins, such as Cidea and Cidec in the liver, leading to more substrates for fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Meanwhile, the expression of CPT1α, the rate-limiting enzyme of FAO, was significantly increased upon CP treatment. Mechanistically, though CP didn't affect the total PPARα level, it promoted the nuclear localization of PPARα, which contributed to the reduced expression of Cidea and Cidec, and increased expression of CPT1α, leading to activated FAO. Moreover, whole body PPARα deficiency abolished the anti-NAFLD effect of CP, suggesting the importance of PPARα in CP-mediated beneficial effect. CONCLUSION This study revealed the hypoglycemic and hepatoprotective effect of CP by regulating gut microbiota composition and PPARα subcellular localization, highlighting its potential for therapeutic candidate for metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhigang Zhu
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Amway (Shanghai) Innovation & Science Co, Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yiyang Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yifan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Weize Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaofang He
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xinyu Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wenjin Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wenjing Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jun Du
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Amway (Shanghai) Innovation & Science Co, Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Amway (Shanghai) Innovation & Science Co, Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Houkai Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Lili Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bailly C. Limonoids isolated from Chisocheton ceramicus Miq. and the antiadipogenic mechanism of action of ceramicine B. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024:e2400160. [PMID: 38678480 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Different types of limonoids have been isolated from plants of the Chisocheton genus, notably from the species Chisocheton ceramicus Miq. which is largely distributed in the Indonesian archipelago and Malaysia region. A variety of natural products have been found in the bark of the tree and characterized as antimicrobial and/or antiproliferative agents. The isolated limonoids include chisomicines A-E, proceranolide, and a few other compounds. A focus is made on a large series of limonoids designated ceramicines A to Z including derivatives with antiparasitic activities, antioxidant, antimelanogenic, and antiproliferative effects and/or acting as regulators of lipogenesis. The lead compound in the series is ceramicine B functioning as a potent inhibitor of lipid droplet accumulation (LDA). Extracts from Chisocheton ceramicus and ceramicines have shown anti-LDA effects, with little or no cytotoxic effects. Ceramicine B is the most active compound functioning as a regulator of lipid storage in cells and tissues. Ceramicine B is a transcriptional repressor of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and an inhibitor of phosphorylation of the transcription factor FoxO1, acting via an upstream molecular target. Targeting of glycogen synthase kinase-3β is proposed, based on the analogy with structurally related limonoids known to target this enzyme, and supported by a molecular docking analysis. The target and pathway implicated in ceramicine B activity are discussed. The analysis shed light on ceramicine B as a natural product precursor for the design of novel compounds capable of reducing LDA in cells and of potential interest for the treatment of obesity, liver diseases, and other pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bailly
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, OncoLille Institut, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Albert Lespagnol (ICPAL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lille, Lille, France
- OncoWitan, Scientific Consulting Office, Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ruppert PMM, Kersten S. Mechanisms of hepatic fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis during fasting. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:107-124. [PMID: 37940485 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Fasting is part of many weight management and health-boosting regimens. Fasting causes substantial metabolic adaptations in the liver that include the stimulation of fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis. The induction of fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis during fasting is mainly driven by interrelated changes in plasma levels of various hormones and an increase in plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels and is mediated transcriptionally by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α, supported by CREB3L3 (cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 like 3). Compared with men, women exhibit higher ketone levels during fasting, likely due to higher NEFA availability, suggesting that the metabolic response to fasting shows sexual dimorphism. Here, we synthesize the current molecular knowledge on the impact of fasting on hepatic fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip M M Ruppert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 C Odense, Denmark
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism, and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands; Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Komiya Y, Iseki S, Ochiai M, Takahashi Y, Yokoyama I, Suzuki T, Tatsumi R, Sawano S, Mizunoya W, Arihara K. Dietary oleic acid intake increases the proportion of type 1 and 2X muscle fibers in mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:755. [PMID: 38191891 PMCID: PMC10774392 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50464-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is one of the largest metabolic tissues in mammals and is composed of four different types of muscle fibers (types 1, 2A, 2X, and 2B); however, type 2B is absent in humans. Given that slow-twitch fibers are superior to fast-twitch fibers in terms of oxidative metabolism and are rich in mitochondria, shift of muscle fiber types in direction towards slower fiber types improves metabolic disorders and endurance capacity. We previously had reported that oleic acid supplementation increases type 1 fiber formation in C2C12 myotubes; however, its function still remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the effect of oleic acid on the muscle fiber types and endurance capacity. An in vivo mouse model was used, and mice were fed a 10% oleic acid diet for 4 weeks. Two different skeletal muscles, slow soleus muscle with the predominance of slow-twitch fibers and fast extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle with the predominance of fast-twitch fibers, were used. We found that dietary oleic acid intake improved running endurance and altered fiber type composition of muscles, the proportion of type 1 and 2X fibers increased in the soleus muscle and type 2X increased in the EDL muscle. The fiber type shift in the EDL muscle was accompanied by an increased muscle TAG content. In addition, blood triacylglycerol (TAG) and non-esterified fatty acid levels decreased during exercise. These changes suggested that lipid utilization as an energy substrate was enhanced by oleic acid. Increased proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1β protein levels were observed in the EDL muscle, which potentially enhanced the fiber type transitions towards type 2X and muscle TAG content. In conclusion, dietary oleic acid intake improved running endurance with the changes of muscle fiber type shares in mice. This study elucidated a novel functionality of oleic acid in skeletal muscle fiber types. Further studies are required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Our findings have the potential to contribute to the field of health and sports science through nutritional approaches, such as the development of supplements aimed at improving muscle function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Komiya
- Laboratory of Food Function and Safety, Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan.
| | - Shugo Iseki
- Laboratory of Food Function and Safety, Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
| | - Masaru Ochiai
- Laboratory of Animal and Human Nutritional Physiology, Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
| | - Yume Takahashi
- Laboratory of Food Function and Safety, Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
| | - Issei Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Food Function and Safety, Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Laboratory of Muscle and Meat Science, Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Tatsumi
- Laboratory of Muscle and Meat Science, Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shoko Sawano
- Laboratory of Food Health Science, Department of Food and Life Science, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Wataru Mizunoya
- Laboratory of Food Science, Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Keizo Arihara
- Laboratory of Food Function and Safety, Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhu J, Wilding JPH. Body Fat Depletion: the Yin Paradigm for Treating Type 2 Diabetes. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2024; 26:1-10. [PMID: 38148417 PMCID: PMC10776473 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To highlight that body fat depletion (the Yin paradigm) with glucose-lowering treatments (the Yang paradigm) are associated with metabolic benefits for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). RECENT FINDINGS The sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor-mediated sodium/glucose deprivation can directly improve glycemic control and kidney outcome in patients with T2DM. The glucose deprivation might also promote systemic fatty acid β-oxidation to deplete ectopic/visceral fat and thereby contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. As with metabolic surgery, bioengineered incretin-based medications with potent anorexigenic and insulinotropic efficacy can significantly reduce blood glucose as well as body weight (especially in the ectopic/visceral fat depots). The latter effects could be a key contributor to their cardiovascular-renal protective effects. In addition to a healthy diet, the newer glucose-lowering medications, with body fat reduction effects, should be prioritized when treating patients with T2DM, especially for those with established cardiovascular/renal risks or diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Clinical Sciences Centre, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Longmoor Lane, Liverpool, UK
| | - John P H Wilding
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
- Clinical Sciences Centre, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Longmoor Lane, Liverpool, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zamanian MY, Sadeghi Ivraghi M, Khachatryan LG, Vadiyan DE, Bali HY, Golmohammadi M. A review of experimental and clinical studies on the therapeutic effects of pomegranate ( Punica granatum) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Focus on oxidative stress and inflammation. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:7485-7503. [PMID: 38107091 PMCID: PMC10724645 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is frequently linked to metabolic disorders and is prevalent in obese and diabetic patients. The pathophysiology of NAFLD involves multiple factors, including insulin resistance (IR), oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, and genetic predisposition. Recently, there has been an emphasis on the use of herbal remedies with many people around the world resorting to phytonutrients or nutraceuticals for treatment of numerous health challenges in various national healthcare settings. Pomegranate (Punica granatum) parts, such as juice, peel, seed and flower, have high polyphenol content and is well known for its antioxidant capabilities. Pomegranate polyphenols, such as hydrolyzable tannins, anthocyanins, and flavonoids, have high antioxidant capabilities that can help lower the OS and inflammation associated with NAFLD. The study aimed to investigate whether pomegranate parts could attenuate OS, inflammation, and other risk factors associated with NAFLD, and ultimately prevent the development of the disease. The findings of this study revealed that: 1. pomegranate juice contains hypoglycemic qualities that can assist manage blood sugar levels, which is vital for avoiding and treating NAFLD. 2. Polyphenols from pomegranate flowers increase paraoxonase 1 (PON1) mRNA and protein levels in the liver, which can help protect liver enzymes and prevent NAFLD. 3. Punicalagin (PU) is one of the major ellagitannins found in pomegranate, and PU-enriched pomegranate extract (PE) has been shown to inhibit HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and hepatic lipid deposition in rats. 4. Pomegranate fruit consumption, which is high in antioxidants, can decrease the activity of AST and ALT (markers of liver damage), lower TNF-α (a marker of inflammation), and improve overall antioxidant capacity in NAFLD patients. Overall, the polyphenols in pomegranate extracts have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and protective effects on liver enzymes, which can help prevent and manage NAFLD effects on liver enzymes, which can help prevent and manage NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yassin Zamanian
- Department of Physiology, School of MedicineHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of PharmacyHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | | | - Lusine G. Khachatryan
- Department of Pediatric Diseases, N.F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Children's HealthI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)MoscowRussia
| | - Diana E. Vadiyan
- Institute of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric, Preventive Dentistry and OrthodonticsI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)MoscowRussia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zelows MM, Cady C, Dharanipragada N, Mead AE, Kipp ZA, Bates EA, Varadharajan V, Banerjee R, Park SH, Shelman NR, Clarke HA, Hawkinson TR, Medina T, Sun RC, Lydic TA, Hinds TD, Brown JM, Softic S, Graf GA, Helsley RN. Loss of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a reduces docosahexaenoic acid-containing phospholipids and drives sexually dimorphic liver disease in mice. Mol Metab 2023; 78:101815. [PMID: 37797918 PMCID: PMC10568566 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Genome and epigenome wide association studies identified variants in carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT1a) that associate with lipid traits. The goal of this study was to determine the role of liver-specific CPT1a on hepatic lipid metabolism. APPROACH AND RESULTS Male and female liver-specific knockout (LKO) and littermate controls were placed on a low-fat or high-fat diet (60% kcal fat) for 15 weeks. Mice were necropsied after a 16 h fast, and tissues were collected for lipidomics, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging, kinome analysis, RNA-sequencing, and protein expression by immunoblotting. Female LKO mice had increased serum alanine aminotransferase levels which were associated with greater deposition of hepatic lipids, while male mice were not affected by CPT1a deletion relative to male control mice. Mice with CPT1a deletion had reductions in DHA-containing phospholipids at the expense of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)-containing phospholipids in whole liver and at the level of the lipid droplet (LD). Male and female LKO mice increased RNA levels of genes involved in LD lipolysis (Plin2, Cidec, G0S2) and in polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism (Elovl5, Fads1, Elovl2), while only female LKO mice increased genes involved in inflammation (Ly6d, Mmp12, Cxcl2). Kinase profiling showed decreased protein kinase A activity, which coincided with increased PLIN2, PLIN5, and G0S2 protein levels and decreased triglyceride hydrolysis in LKO mice. CONCLUSIONS Liver-specific deletion of CPT1a promotes sexually dimorphic steatotic liver disease (SLD) in mice, and here we have identified new mechanisms by which females are protected from HFD-induced liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikala M Zelows
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Corissa Cady
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Nikitha Dharanipragada
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Anna E Mead
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Zachary A Kipp
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Evelyn A Bates
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Rakhee Banerjee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Se-Hyung Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Nathan R Shelman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Harrison A Clarke
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Advanced Spatial Biomolecule Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tara R Hawkinson
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Advanced Spatial Biomolecule Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Terrymar Medina
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Advanced Spatial Biomolecule Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ramon C Sun
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Advanced Spatial Biomolecule Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Todd A Lydic
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Terry D Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - J Mark Brown
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Samir Softic
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Gregory A Graf
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Robert N Helsley
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Zhao W, Li J, Yang D, Xiang L, Du T, Ma L. Effect of vitamin D3 on lipid droplet growth in adipocytes of mice with HFD-induced obesity. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:6686-6697. [PMID: 37823117 PMCID: PMC10563741 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D-regulating action of PPARγ on obesity has been confirmed on adipocyte differentiation. However, it is not clear whether vitamin D affects the morphological size of mature adipocytes by influencing the expression of PPARγ in vivo. Our hypothesis was that Vitamin D3 (VitD3) inhibits the growth of adipocyte size by suppressing PPARγ expression in white adipocytes of obese mice. Five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal diet and high-fat diet groups. After 10 weeks, the body weight between the two groups differed by 26.91%. The obese mice were randomly divided into a high-fat diet, solvent control, low-dose VitD3 (5000 IU/kg·food), medium-dose VitD3 (7500 IU/kg·food), high-dose VitD3 (10,000 IU/kg·food), and PPAR γ antagonist group, and the intervention lasted for 8 weeks. Diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice fed high-dose VitD3 exacerbated markers of adiposity (body weight, fat mass, fat mass rate, size of white and brown adipocytes, mRNA, and protein levels of ATGL and Fsp27), and the protein level of ATGL and Fsp27 decreased in the low-dose group. In conclusion, high-dose VitD3 possibly via inhibiting the ATGL expression, thereby inhibiting lipolysis, increasing the volume of adipocytes, and decreasing their fat-storing ability resulted in decreased Fsp27 expression. Therefore, long-term high-dose oral VitD3 may not necessarily improve obesity, and we need more clinical trials to explore the intervention dose and duration of VitD3 in the treatment of VitD3 deficiency in obese patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Clinical NutritionAffiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Yuanfan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical ScienceSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Wenxin Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Jialu Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Lian Xiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Tingwan Du
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Diaz-Vegas A, Norris DM, Jall-Rogg S, Cooke KC, Conway OJ, Shun-Shion AS, Duan X, Potter M, van Gerwen J, Baird HJ, Humphrey SJ, James DE, Fazakerley DJ, Burchfield JG. A high-content endogenous GLUT4 trafficking assay reveals new aspects of adipocyte biology. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201585. [PMID: 36283703 PMCID: PMC9595207 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane in muscle and adipocytes is crucial for whole-body glucose homeostasis. Currently, GLUT4 trafficking assays rely on overexpression of tagged GLUT4. Here we describe a high-content imaging platform for studying endogenous GLUT4 translocation in intact adipocytes. This method enables high fidelity analysis of GLUT4 responses to specific perturbations, multiplexing of other trafficking proteins and other features including lipid droplet morphology. Using this multiplexed approach we showed that Vps45 and Rab14 are selective regulators of GLUT4, but Trarg1, Stx6, Stx16, Tbc1d4 and Rab10 knockdown affected both GLUT4 and TfR translocation. Thus, GLUT4 and TfR translocation machinery likely have some overlap upon insulin-stimulation. In addition, we identified Kif13A, a Rab10 binding molecular motor, as a novel regulator of GLUT4 traffic. Finally, comparison of endogenous to overexpressed GLUT4 highlights that the endogenous GLUT4 methodology has an enhanced sensitivity to genetic perturbations and emphasises the advantage of studying endogenous protein trafficking for drug discovery and genetic analysis of insulin action in relevant cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Diaz-Vegas
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dougall M Norris
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sigrid Jall-Rogg
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kristen C Cooke
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Olivia J Conway
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amber S Shun-Shion
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiaowen Duan
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Meg Potter
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julian van Gerwen
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Harry Jm Baird
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sean J Humphrey
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David E James
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel J Fazakerley
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James G Burchfield
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Luo S, Zhang H, Jiang X, Xia Y, Tang S, Duan X, Sun W, Gao M, Chen C, Zou Z, Zhou L, Qiu J. Antibiotics administration alleviates the high fat diet-induced obesity through altering the lipid metabolism in young mice. Lipids 2023; 58:19-32. [PMID: 36253942 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is a global trend of rapid increase in obesity, especially among adolescents. The antibiotics cocktails (ABX) therapy is commonly used as an adjunctive treatment for gut microbiota related diseases, including obesity. However, the effects of broad-spectrum antibiotics alone on young obese hosts have rarely been reported. In the present study, the 3-week-old C57BL/6J male mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) were intragastric administration with ampicillin, vancomycin, metronidazole or neomycin for 30 days. The lipid metabolites in plasma were assessed by biochemical assay kits, and genes related to lipid metabolite in the white adipose were assessed by qPCR. To further analyze the underlying mechanisms, the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism, inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress in the liver were determined by qPCR assay. In addition, the expression of oxidative damage-associated proteins in the liver were detected by western blot. The results showed that oral antibiotics exposure could reduce body weight and fat index in HFD-fed mice, concurrent with the increase of white adipose lipolysis genes and the decrease of hepatic lipogenic genes. Furthermore, antibiotics treatment could clearly reverse the HFD-induced elevation of oxidative damage-related proteins in the liver. Together, these findings will provide valuable clues into the effects of antibiotics on obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyue Luo
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyang Zhang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Center of Experimental Teaching for Public Health, Experimental Teaching and Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinyin Xia
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixin Tang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhao Duan
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhi Chen
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zou
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixiao Zhou
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfu Qiu
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang G, Chen A, Wu Y, Wang D, Chang C, Yu G. Fat storage-inducing transmembrane proteins: beyond mediating lipid droplet formation. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:98. [DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00391-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractFat storage-inducing transmembrane proteins (FITMs) were initially identified in 2007 as members of a conserved endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident transmembrane protein gene family, and were found to be involved in lipid droplet (LD) formation. Recently, several studies have further demonstrated that the ability of FITMs to directly bind to triglyceride and diacylglycerol, and the diphosphatase activity of hydrolyzing fatty acyl-CoA, might enable FITMs to maintain the formation of lipid droplets, engage in lipid metabolism, and protect against cellular stress. Based on the distribution of FITMs in tissues and their important roles in lipid droplet biology and lipid metabolism, it was discovered that FITMs were closely related to muscle development, adipocyte differentiation, and energy metabolism. Accordingly, the abnormal expression of FITMs was not only associated with type 2 diabetes and lipodystrophy, but also with cardiac disease and several types of cancer. This study reviews the structure, distribution, expression regulation, and functionality of FITMs and their potential relationships with various metabolic diseases, hoping to provide inspiration for fruitful research directions and applications of FITM proteins. Moreover, this review will provide an important theoretical basis for the application of FITMs in the diagnosis and treatment of related diseases.
Collapse
|
12
|
Carracedo S, Lirussi L, Alsøe L, Segers F, Wang C, Bartosova Z, Bohov P, Tekin NB, Kong XY, Esbensen QY, Chen L, Wennerström A, Kroustallaki P, Ceolotto D, Tönjes A, Berge RK, Bruheim P, Wong G, Böttcher Y, Halvorsen B, Nilsen H. SMUG1 regulates fat homeostasis leading to a fatty liver phenotype in mice. DNA Repair (Amst) 2022; 120:103410. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2022.103410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
13
|
Demori I, El Rashed Z, De Negri Atanasio G, Parodi A, Millo E, Salis A, Costa A, Rosa G, Zanotti Russo M, Salvidio S, Cortese K, Grasselli E. First Evidence of Anti-Steatotic Action of Macrotympanain A1, an Amphibian Skin Peptide from Odorrana macrotympana. Molecules 2022; 27:7417. [PMID: 36364243 PMCID: PMC9656375 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Many different amphibian skin peptides have been characterized and proven to exert various biological actions, such as wound-healing, immunomodulatory, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects. In this work, the possible anti-steatotic effect of macrotympanain A1 (MA1) (FLPGLECVW), a skin peptide isolated from the Chinese odorous frog Odorrana macrotympana, was investigated. We used a well-established in vitro model of hepatic steatosis, consisting of lipid-loaded rat hepatoma FaO cells. In this model, a 24 h treatment with 10 µg/mL MA1 exerted a significant anti-steatotic action, being able to reduce intracellular triglyceride content. Accordingly, the number and diameter of cytosolic lipid droplets (LDs) were reduced by peptide treatment. The expression of key genes of hepatic lipid metabolism, such as PPARs and PLINs, was measured by real-time qPCR. MA1 counteracted the fatty acid-induced upregulation of PPARγ expression and increased PLIN3 expression, suggesting a role in promoting lipophagy. The present data demonstrate for the first time a direct anti-steatotic effect of a peptide from amphibian skin secretion and pave the way to further studies on the use of amphibian peptides for beneficial actions against metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Demori
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Zeinab El Rashed
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia De Negri Atanasio
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Alice Parodi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Enrico Millo
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Salis
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Costa
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rosa
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Sebastiano Salvidio
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Katia Cortese
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Cellular Electron Microscopy Laboratory, University of Genoa, Via Antonio de Toni 14, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Elena Grasselli
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Inhibits Basal Lipolysis by Activating PPAR-Gamma and Increasing Lipid Droplet-Associated Perilipin in Mature Rat Adipocytes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6007233. [PMID: 36082179 PMCID: PMC9448551 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6007233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal lipolysis is correlated with metabolic syndrome. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a natural product from honeybee hives, has been reported to improve metabolic syndrome. However, the effects of CAPE on lipolysis and perilipin-1 (the major lipid droplet-associated protein) in mature adipocytes were not clarified. In this study, mature adipocytes were isolated from the epididymal fat pads of male rats and incubated with CAPE to estimate lipolysis by measuring glycerol release. It was found that the basal lipolysis was inhibited by CAPE in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The lipid droplet-associated perilipin-1 and phosphorylated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma levels increased following CAPE treatment by Western blot analysis. Moreover, a specific PPAR-gamma inhibitor (T0070907) could partly reverse the effect of CAPE on basal lipolysis. Furthermore, treatment of adipocytes with dibutyryl-cAMP (db-cAMP) or isoproterenol (ISO) increased lipolysis, but the drug-induced lipolysis was abrogated by combination treatment with CAPE. The lipid droplet-associated perilipin-1 level was also decreased in the drug-induced groups but increased when combined treatment with CAPE. In conclusion, our results revealed that a decrease in basal lipolysis and an increase in lipid droplet-associated perilipin-1 levels induced by CAPE may be involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism through activation of PPAR-gamma in mature adipocytes.
Collapse
|
15
|
Yamamoto T, Diao Z, Murakami M, Shimokawa F, Matsui T, Funaba M. Factors affecting the induction of uncoupling protein 1 in C2C12 myogenic cells. Cytokine 2022; 157:155936. [PMID: 35738051 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Brown/beige adipocytes, which are derived from skeletal muscle/smooth muscle-lineage cells, consume excess energy as heat through the expression of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Previous studies have shown that forced expression of PR/SET domain (PRDM)-16 or early B-cell factor (EBF)-2 induced UCP1-positive adipocytes in C2C12 myogenic cells. Here, we explored the culture conditions to induce Ucp1 expression in C2C12 cells without introducing exogenous genes. Treatment with rosiglitazone (a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ agonist), GW501516 (a PPARδ agonist), and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-7 for 8 days efficiently increased Ucp1 expression in response to treatment with forskolin, an activator of the protein kinase A pathway. BMP7 dose-dependently increased forskolin-induced Ucp1 expression in the presence of rosiglitazone and GW501516; however, GW501516 was not required for Ucp1 induction. Additionally, the structurally related proteins, BMP6 and BMP9, efficiently increased forskolin-induced Ucp1 expression in rosiglitazone-treated cells. UCP1 protein was localized in cells with lipid droplets, but adipocytes were not always positive for UCP1. Continuous treatment with BMP7 was needed for the efficient induction of Ucp1 by forskolin treatment. Significant expression of Prdm16 was not detected, irrespective of the treatment, and treatment with rosiglitazone, GW501516, and BMP7 did not affect the expression levels of Ebf2. Fibroblast growth factor receptor (Fgfr)-3 expression levels were increased by BMP9 in rosiglitazone-treated cells, and molecules that upregulate Fgfr3 transcription partly overlapped with those that stimulate Ucp1 transcription. The present results provide basic information on the practical differentiation of myogenic cells to brown adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Yamamoto
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Zhicheng Diao
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masaru Murakami
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan
| | - Fumie Shimokawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan
| | - Tohru Matsui
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masayuki Funaba
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang L, Jia X, Fang D, Cheng Y, Zhai Z, Deng W, Du B, Lu T, Wang L, Yang C, Gao Y. Metformin Inhibits Lipid Droplets Fusion and Growth via Reduction in Cidec and Its Regulatory Factors in Rat Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115986. [PMID: 35682666 PMCID: PMC9181043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is still being investigated due to its potential use as a therapeutic agent for managing overweight or obesity. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Inhibiting the adipogenesis of adipocyte precursors may be a new therapeutic opportunity for obesity treatments. It is still not fully elucidated whether adipogenesis is also involved in the weight loss mechanisms by metformin. We therefore used adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) from inguinal and epididymal fat pads to investigate the effects and mechanisms of metformin on adipogenesis in vitro. Our results demonstrate the similar effect of metformin inhibition on lipid accumulation, lipid droplets fusion, and growth in adipose-derived stem cells from epididymal fat pads (Epi-ADSCs) and adipose-derived stem cells from inguinal fat pads (Ing-ADSCs) cultures. We identified that cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector c (Cidec), Perilipin1, and ras-related protein 8a (Rab8a) expression increased ADSCs differentiation. In addition, we found that metformin inhibits lipid droplets fusion and growth by decreasing the expression of Cidec, Perilipin1, and Rab8a. Activation of AMPK pathway signaling in part involves metformin inhibition on Cidec, Perilipin1, and Rab8a expression. Collectively, our study reveals that metformin inhibits lipid storage, fusion, and growth of lipid droplets via reduction in Cidec and its regulatory factors in ADSCs cultures. Our study supports the development of clinical trials on metformin-based therapy for patients with overweight and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (L.Y.); (X.J.); (D.F.); (Z.Z.); (W.D.); (B.D.); (T.L.); (L.W.)
| | - Xiaowei Jia
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (L.Y.); (X.J.); (D.F.); (Z.Z.); (W.D.); (B.D.); (T.L.); (L.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Dongliang Fang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (L.Y.); (X.J.); (D.F.); (Z.Z.); (W.D.); (B.D.); (T.L.); (L.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China;
| | - Zhaoyi Zhai
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (L.Y.); (X.J.); (D.F.); (Z.Z.); (W.D.); (B.D.); (T.L.); (L.W.)
| | - Wenyang Deng
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (L.Y.); (X.J.); (D.F.); (Z.Z.); (W.D.); (B.D.); (T.L.); (L.W.)
| | - Baopu Du
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (L.Y.); (X.J.); (D.F.); (Z.Z.); (W.D.); (B.D.); (T.L.); (L.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (L.Y.); (X.J.); (D.F.); (Z.Z.); (W.D.); (B.D.); (T.L.); (L.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (L.Y.); (X.J.); (D.F.); (Z.Z.); (W.D.); (B.D.); (T.L.); (L.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (L.Y.); (X.J.); (D.F.); (Z.Z.); (W.D.); (B.D.); (T.L.); (L.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Department of Experimental Center for Basic Medical Teaching, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Correspondence: (C.Y.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (L.Y.); (X.J.); (D.F.); (Z.Z.); (W.D.); (B.D.); (T.L.); (L.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Department of Experimental Center for Basic Medical Teaching, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Correspondence: (C.Y.); (Y.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Monteiro BL, Santos RAS, Mario EG, Araujo TS, Savergnini SSQ, Santiago AF, Muzzi RAL, Castro IC, Teixeira LG, Botion LM, Marinho BM, Santos SHS, Porto LCJ. Genetic deletion of Mas receptor in FVB/N mice impairs cardiac use of glucose and lipids. Peptides 2022; 151:170764. [PMID: 35151766 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin-(1-7) is a biologically active product of the renin-angiotensin system cascade and exerts inhibitory effects on inflammation, vascular and cellular growth mechanisms signaling through the G protein-coupled Mas receptor. The major purpose of the present study was to investigate the use of glucose and fatty acids by cardiac tissue in Mas knockout mice models. Serum levels of glucose, lipids, and insulin were measured in Mas-deficient and wild-type FVB/N mice. To investigate the cardiac use of lipids, the lipoprotein lipase, the gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha; carnitine palmitoyltransferase I and acyl-CoA oxidase were evaluated. To investigate the cardiac use of glucose, the insulin signaling through Akt/GLUT4 pathway, glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) and fructose-6-phosphate (F-6-P) glycolytic intermediates, in addition to ATP, lactate and the glycogen content were measured. Despite normal body weight, cholesterol and insulin, Mas-Knockout mice presented hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia, impaired insulin signaling, through reduced phosphorylation of AKT and decreased translocation of GLUT4 in response to insulin, with subsequent decrease of the cardiac G-6-P and F-6-P. Lactate production and glycogen content were not altered in Mas-KO hearts. Mas-KO presented reduced cardiac lipoprotein lipase activity and decreased translocation of CD36 in response to insulin. The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I genes were lower in Mas-KO animals compared to wild-type animals. The ATP content of Mas-KO hearts was smaller than in wild-type. The present results suggest that genetic deletion of Mas produced a devastating effect on cardiac use of glucose and lipids, leading to lower energy efficiency in the heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda L Monteiro
- Federal University of Lavras, Department of Nutrition, Av. Norte UFLA - Aquenta Sol, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
| | - Robson A S Santos
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Erica G Mario
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Thiago S Araujo
- Federal University of Lavras, Department of Nutrition, Av. Norte UFLA - Aquenta Sol, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
| | - Silvia S Q Savergnini
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Andrezza F Santiago
- Federal University of Lavras, Department of Nutrition, Av. Norte UFLA - Aquenta Sol, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
| | - Ruthnea A L Muzzi
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Food Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Isabela C Castro
- Federal University of Lavras, Department of Nutrition, Av. Norte UFLA - Aquenta Sol, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
| | - Lilian G Teixeira
- Federal University of Lavras, Department of Nutrition, Av. Norte UFLA - Aquenta Sol, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
| | - Leida M Botion
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Barbhara M Marinho
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Sergio H S Santos
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Food Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Laura C J Porto
- Federal University of Lavras, Department of Nutrition, Av. Norte UFLA - Aquenta Sol, Lavras, MG, Brazil; Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Schettini GP, Peripolli E, Alexandre PA, Dos Santos WB, da Silva Neto JB, Pereira ASC, de Albuquerque LG, Curi RA, Baldi F. Transcriptomic profile of longissimus thoracis associated with fatty acid content in Nellore beef cattle. Anim Genet 2022; 53:264-280. [PMID: 35384007 DOI: 10.1111/age.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The beef fatty acid (FA) profile has the potential to impact human health, and displays polygenic and complex features. This study aimed to identify the transcriptomic FA profile in the longissimus thoracis muscle in Nellore beef cattle finished in feedlot. Forty-four young bulls were sampled to assess the beef FA profile by considering 14 phenotypes and including differentially expressed genes (DEG), co-expressed (COE), and differentially co-expressed genes (DCO) analyses. All samples (n = 44) were used for COE analysis, whereas 30 samples with extreme phenotypes for the beef FA profile were used for DEG and DCO. A total of 912 DEG were identified, and the polyunsaturated (n = 563) and unsaturated ω-3 (n = 346) FA sums groups were the most frequently observed. The COE analyses identified three modules, of which the blue module (n = 1776) was correlated with eight of 14 FA phenotypes. Also, 759 DCO genes were listed, and the oleic acid (n = 358) and monounsaturated fatty acids sum (n = 120) were the most frequent. Furthermore, 243 and 13, 319 and seven, and 173 and 12 gene ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were enriched respectively for the DEG, COE, and DCO analyses. Combining the results, we highlight the unexplored GIPC2, ASB5, and PPP5C genes in cattle. Besides LIPE and INSIG2 genes in COE modules, the ACSL3, ECI1, DECR2, FITM1, and SDHB genes were signaled in at least two analyses. These findings contribute to understand the genetic mechanisms underlying the beef FA profile in Nellore beef cattle finished in feedlot.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Pimenta Schettini
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Elisa Peripolli
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Pâmela Almeida Alexandre
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Agriculture & Food, Birsbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - João Barbosa da Silva Neto
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | | | - Lúcia Galvão de Albuquerque
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Rogério Abdallah Curi
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Fernando Baldi
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cheng Z, Xiong X, Zhou Y, Wu F, Shao Q, Dong R, Liu Q, Li L, Chen G. 6-gingerol ameliorates metabolic disorders by inhibiting hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipocytes in high-fat-diet induced obese mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 146:112491. [PMID: 34896967 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accumulating studies revealed that 6-gingerol, a compound extracted mainly from ginger, treats obesity by preventing hyperlipidemia in vivo induced by high-fat-diet (HFD). The present study intends to further evaluate the efficacy of 6-gingerol in the treatment of obesity and investigate its potential mechanism. METHODS Obese mice were established by HFD induction. Bioinformatic analysis was used to predict the possible pathways enrolled by the application of 6-gingerol. Body weight and the levels of blood glucose and lipids were examined and analyzed for the evaluation of the therapeutic effect of 6-gingerol. The size and amounts as well as the status of adipocytes were determined by histological staining. The expression levels of related proteins in adipose tissue were assessed by immunohistochemical staining, immunofluorescent staining, and Western blot analysis. In addition, the expression levels of related mRNA were assessed by RT-qPCR. RESULTS HFD induced obesity was significantly curbed by 6-gingerol treatment. Here inhibition mechanism of 6-gingerol is demonstrated on excessive hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipocytes in white adipose tissue (WAT), which may be related to the regulation of adipocytokines, such as PPARγ, C/EBPα, FABP4 and adiponectin, and the TLR3/IL-6/JAK1/STAT3 axis. Moreover, 6-gingerol treatment suppressed the expressions of IL-1β and CD68 in the liver and AKT/INSR/IRS-1 in epididymal WAT. CONCLUSION The results suggested that 6-gingerol could alleviate metabolic inflammation in the liver and insulin resistance to treat obesity. The mechanism is mainly involved in the inhibition of excessive hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Cheng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xinyu Xiong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qingqing Shao
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ruolan Dong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lingli Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Pu'ai Hospital, Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, China.
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li X, Ge J, Li Y, Cai Y, Zheng Q, Huang N, Gu Y, Han Q, Li Y, Sun R, Liu R. Integrative lipidomic and transcriptomic study unravels the therapeutic effects of saikosaponins A and D on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3527-3541. [PMID: 34900534 PMCID: PMC8642447 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most prominent causes of chronic liver diseases and malignancies. However, few therapy has been approved. Radix Bupleuri (RB) is the most frequently used herbal medicine for the treatment of liver diseases. In the current study, we aim to systemically evaluate the therapeutic effects of saikosaponin A (SSa) and saikosaponin D (SSd), the major bioactive monomers in RB, against NAFLD and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Our results demonstrated that both SSa and SSd improved diet-induced NAFLD. Integrative lipidomic and transcriptomic analysis revealed that SSa and SSd modulated glycerolipid metabolism by regulating related genes, like Lipe and Lipg. SSd profoundly suppressed the fatty acid biosynthesis by downregulating Fasn and Acaca expression and promoted fatty acid degradation by inducing Acox1 and Cpt1a expression. Bioinformatic analysis further predicted the implication of master transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), in the protective effects of SSa and SSd. These results were further confirmed in vitro in mouse primary hepatocytes. In summary, our study uncoded the complicated mechanisms underlying the promising anti-steatosis activities of saikosaponins (SSs), and provided critical evidence inspiring the discovery of innovative therapies based on SSa and SSd for the treatment of NAFLD and related complications.
Collapse
|
21
|
Repurposing Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Agonists in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14101025. [PMID: 34681249 PMCID: PMC8538250 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Common pathophysiological mechanisms have emerged for different neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. In particular, mechanisms of oxidative stress, immuno-inflammation, and altered metabolic pathways converge and cause neuronal and non-neuronal maladaptative phenomena, which underlie multifaceted brain disorders. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors modulating, among others, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective genes in diverse tissues. Both endogenous and synthetic PPAR agonists are approved treatments for metabolic and systemic disorders, such as diabetes, fatty liver disease, and dyslipidemia(s), showing high tolerability and safety profiles. Considering that some PPAR-acting drugs permeate through the blood-brain barrier, the possibility to extend their scope from the periphery to central nervous system has gained interest in recent years. Here, we review preclinical and clinical evidence that PPARs possibly exert a neuroprotective role, thereby providing a rationale for repurposing PPAR-targeting drugs to counteract several diseases affecting the central nervous system.
Collapse
|
22
|
Ilias N, Hamzah H, Ismail IS, Mohidin TBM, Idris MF, Ajat M. An insight on the future therapeutic application potential of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112207. [PMID: 34563950 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a native plant to Paraguay. The extracts have been used as a famous sweetening agent, and the bioactive components derived from stevia possess a broad spectrum of therapeutical potential for various illnesses. Among its medicinal benefits are anti-hypertensive, anti-tumorigenic, anti-diabetic, and anti-hyperlipidemia. Statins (3-hydro-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor) are a class of drugs used to treat atherosclerosis. Statins are explicitly targeting the HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme in the rate-limiting step of cholesterol biosynthesis. Despite being widely used in regulating plasma cholesterol levels, the adverse effects of the drug are a significant concern among clinicians and patients. Hence, steviol glycosides derived from stevia have been proposed as an alternative in replacing statins. Diterpene glycosides from stevia, such as stevioside and rebaudioside A have been evaluated for their efficacy in alleviating cholesterol levels. These glycosides are a potential candidate in treating and preventing atherosclerosis provoked by circulating lipid retention in the sub-endothelial lining of the artery. The present review is an effort to integrate the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, involvement of lipid droplets biogenesis and its associated proteins in atherogenesis, current approaches to treat atherosclerosis, and pharmacological potential of stevia in treating the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazhan Ilias
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Malaysia.
| | - Hazilawati Hamzah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Malaysia.
| | - Intan Safinar Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Malaysia; Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Malaysia.
| | - Taznim Begam Mohd Mohidin
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Faiz Idris
- Pusat Bahasa dan Pengajian Umum, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Malaysia
| | - Mokrish Ajat
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Malaysia; Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
PPARs-Orchestrated Metabolic Homeostasis in the Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168974. [PMID: 34445679 PMCID: PMC8396609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been more than three decades since peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) were first discovered. Many investigations have revealed the central regulators of PPARs in lipid and glucose homeostasis in response to different nutrient conditions. PPARs have attracted much attention due to their ability to improve metabolic syndromes, and they have also been proposed as classical drug targets for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus. In parallel, adipose tissue is known to play a unique role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and metabolic syndromes due to its ability to “safely” store lipids and secrete cytokines that regulate whole-body metabolism. Adipose tissue relies on a complex and subtle network of transcription factors to maintain its normal physiological function, by coordinating various molecular events, among which PPARs play distinctive and indispensable roles in adipocyte differentiation, lipid metabolism, adipokine secretion, and insulin sensitivity. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of PPARs with special emphasis on the roles of the different isotypes in adipocyte biology.
Collapse
|
24
|
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Orchestrates a Coordinated Physiological Response to Fuel Non-shivering Thermogenesis. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108075. [PMID: 32846132 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a cardiac hormone controlling blood volume and pressure in mammals. It is still unclear whether ANP controls cold-induced thermogenesis in vivo. Here, we show that acute cold exposure induces cardiac ANP secretion in mice and humans. Genetic inactivation of ANP promotes cold intolerance and suppresses half of cold-induced brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation in mice. While white adipocytes are resistant to ANP-mediated lipolysis at thermoneutral temperature in mice, cold exposure renders white adipocytes fully responsive to ANP to activate lipolysis and a thermogenic program, a physiological response that is dramatically suppressed in ANP null mice. ANP deficiency also blunts liver triglycerides and glycogen metabolism, thus impairing fuel availability for BAT thermogenesis. ANP directly increases mitochondrial uncoupling and thermogenic gene expression in human white and brown adipocytes. Together, these results indicate that ANP is a major physiological trigger of BAT thermogenesis upon cold exposure in mammals.
Collapse
|
25
|
Bai R, Rebelo A, Kleeff J, Sunami Y. Identification of prognostic lipid droplet-associated genes in pancreatic cancer patients via bioinformatics analysis. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:58. [PMID: 34078402 PMCID: PMC8171034 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01476-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States both in females and in males, and is projected to become the second deadliest cancer by 2030. The overall 5-year survival rate remains at around 10%. Cancer metabolism and specifically lipid metabolism plays an important role in pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis. Lipid droplets can not only store and transfer lipids, but also act as molecular messengers, and signaling factors. As lipid droplets are implicated in reprogramming tumor cell metabolism and in invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer cells, we aimed to identify lipid droplet-associated genes as prognostic markers in pancreatic cancer. METHODS We performed a literature search on review articles related to lipid droplet-associated proteins. To select relevant lipid droplet-associated factors, bioinformatics analysis on the GEPIA platform (data are publicly available) was carried out for selected genes to identify differential expression in pancreatic cancer versus healthy pancreatic tissues. Differentially expressed genes were further analyzed regarding overall survival of pancreatic cancer patients. RESULTS 65 factors were identified as lipid droplet-associated factors. Bioinformatics analysis of 179 pancreatic cancer samples and 171 normal pancreatic tissue samples on the GEPIA platform identified 39 deferentially expressed genes in pancreatic cancer with 36 up-regulated genes (ACSL3, ACSL4, AGPAT2, BSCL2, CAV1, CAV2, CAVIN1, CES1, CIDEC, DGAT1, DGAT2, FAF2, G0S2, HILPDA, HSD17B11, ICE2, LDAH, LIPE, LPCAT1, LPCAT2, LPIN1, MGLL, NAPA, NCEH1, PCYT1A, PLIN2, PLIN3, RAB5A, RAB7A, RAB8A, RAB18, SNAP23, SQLE, VAPA, VCP, VMP1) and 3 down-regulated genes (FITM1, PLIN4, PLIN5). Among 39 differentially expressed factors, seven up-regulated genes (CAV2, CIDEC, HILPDA, HSD17B11, NCEH1, RAB5A, and SQLE) and two down-regulation genes (BSCL2 and FITM1) were significantly associated with overall survival of pancreatic cancer patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified CAV2 as the only independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS Through bioinformatics analysis, we identified nine prognostic relevant differentially expressed genes highlighting the role of lipid droplet-associated factors in pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubing Bai
- Department of Visceral, Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, University Medical Center, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Artur Rebelo
- Department of Visceral, Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, University Medical Center, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jörg Kleeff
- Department of Visceral, Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, University Medical Center, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Yoshiaki Sunami
- Department of Visceral, Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, University Medical Center, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Amen T, Kaganovich D. Small Molecule Screen Reveals Joint Regulation of Stress Granule Formation and Lipid Droplet Biogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:606111. [PMID: 33972926 PMCID: PMC8105174 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.606111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic regulation is a necessary component of all stress response pathways, because all different mechanisms of stress-adaptation place high-energy demands on the cell. Mechanisms that integrate diverse stress response pathways with their metabolic components are therefore of great interest, but few are known. We show that stress granule (SG) formation, a common adaptive response to a variety of stresses, is reciprocally regulated by the pathways inducing lipid droplet accumulation. Inability to upregulate lipid droplets reduces stress granule formation. Stress granule formation in turn drives lipid droplet clustering and fatty acid accumulation. Our findings reveal a novel connection between stress response pathways and new modifiers of stress granule formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Triana Amen
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Kaganovich
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,1Base Pharmaceuticals, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ma Z, Luo N, Liu L, Cui H, Li J, Xiang H, Kang H, Li H, Zhao G. Identification of the molecular regulation of differences in lipid deposition in dedifferentiated preadipocytes from different chicken tissues. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:232. [PMID: 33812382 PMCID: PMC8019497 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07459-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A body distribution with high intramuscular fat and low abdominal fat is the ideal goal for broiler breeding. Preadipocytes with different origins have differences in terms of metabolism and gene expression. The transcriptome analysis performed in this study of intramuscular preadipocytes (DIMFPs) and adipose tissue-derived preadipocytes (DAFPs) aimed to explore the characteristics of lipid deposition in different chicken preadipocytes by dedifferentiation in vitro. RESULTS Compared with DAFPs, the total lipid content in DIMFPs was reduced (P < 0.05). Moreover, 72 DEGs related to lipid metabolism were screened, which were involved in adipocyte differentiation, fatty acid transport and fatty acid synthesis, lipid stabilization, and lipolysis. Among the 72 DEGs, 19 DEGs were enriched in the PPAR signaling pathway, indicating its main contribution to the regulation of the difference in lipid deposition between DAFPs and DIMFPs. Among these 19 genes, the representative APOA1, ADIPOQ, FABP3, FABP4, FABP7, HMGCS2, LPL and RXRG genes were downregulated, but the ACSL1, FABP5, PCK2, PDPK1, PPARG, SCD, SCD5, and SLC27A6 genes were upregulated (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) in the DIMFPs. In addition, the well-known pathways affecting lipid metabolism (MAPK, TGF-beta and calcium) and the pathways related to cell communication were enriched, which may also contribute to the regulation of lipid deposition. Finally, the regulatory network for the difference in lipid deposition between chicken DAFPs and DIMFPs was proposed based on the above information. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested a difference in lipid deposition between DIMFPs and DAFPs of chickens in vitro and proposed a molecular regulatory network for the difference in lipid deposition between chicken DAFPs and DIMFPs. The lipid content was significantly increased in DAFPs by the direct mediation of PPAR signaling pathways. These findings provide new insights into the regulation of tissue-specific fat deposition and the optimization of body fat distribution in broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ma
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Foshan, 534861, China
| | - Na Luo
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huanxian Cui
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Foshan, 534861, China
| | - Hai Xiang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Foshan, 534861, China
| | - Huimin Kang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Foshan, 534861, China
| | - Hua Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Foshan, 534861, China.
| | - Guiping Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Foshan, 534861, China. .,Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hossein Bagheri M, Azamian-Jazi A, Banitalebi E, Kazeminasab F, Hossein Nasr-Esfahani M. Both high-intensity interval training and low-intensity endurance training decrease intrahepatic lipid deposits via alterations of the expression of HIF-1α, HIG2 in a murine model of non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Sci Sports 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
29
|
Lagrutta LC, Layerenza JP, Bronsoms S, Trejo SA, Ves-Losada A. Nuclear-lipid-droplet proteome: carboxylesterase as a nuclear lipase involved in lipid-droplet homeostasis. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06539. [PMID: 33817385 PMCID: PMC8010399 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear-lipid droplets (nLD)—a dynamic cellular organelle that stores neutral lipids, within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells—consists of a hydrophobic triacylglycerol –cholesterol-ester core enriched in oleic acid (OA) surrounded by a monolayer of polar lipids, cholesterol, and proteins. nLD are probably involved in nuclear-lipid homeostasis serving as an endonuclear buffer that provides or incorporates lipids and proteins participating in signaling pathways, as transcription factors and enzymes of lipid metabolism and nuclear processes. In the present work, we analyzed the nLD proteome and hypothesized that nLD-monolayer proteins could be involved in processes similar as the ones occurring in the cLD including lipid metabolism and other cellular functions. We evaluated the rat-liver–nLD proteome under physiological and nonpathological conditions by GeLC-MS2. Since isolated nLD are highly diluted, a protein-concentrating isolation protocol was designed. Thirty-five proteins were identified within the functional categories: cytoskeleton and structural, transcription and translation, histones, protein-folding and posttranslational modification, cellular proliferation and/or cancer, lipid metabolism, and transport. Purified nLD contained an enzyme from the lipid-metabolism pathway, carboxylesterase 1d (Ces1d/Ces3). Nuclear Carboxylesterase localization was confirmed by Western blotting. By in-silico analyses rat Ces1d/Ces3 secondary and tertiary structure predicted would be equivalent to human CES1. These results—the first nLD proteome—demonstrate that a tandem-GeLC-MS2-analysis protocol facilitates studies like these on rat-liver nuclei. A diversity of cellular-protein function was identified indicating the direct or indirect nLD participation and involving Ces1d/Ces3 in the LD-population homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía C. Lagrutta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata “Profesor Doctor Rodolfo R. Brenner” (INIBIOLP-CCT-La Plata-CONICET-UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan P. Layerenza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata “Profesor Doctor Rodolfo R. Brenner” (INIBIOLP-CCT-La Plata-CONICET-UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Silvia Bronsoms
- Servei de Proteómica i Biología Estructural de la Universitat Autonma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastián A. Trejo
- Servei de Proteómica i Biología Estructural de la Universitat Autonma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Corresponding author.
| | - Ana Ves-Losada
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata “Profesor Doctor Rodolfo R. Brenner” (INIBIOLP-CCT-La Plata-CONICET-UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang CY, Chao YJ, Chen YL, Wang TW, Phan NN, Hsu HP, Shan YS, Lai MD. Upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and the lipid metabolism pathway promotes carcinogenesis of ampullary cancer. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:256-269. [PMID: 33390794 PMCID: PMC7738964 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.48123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ampullary cancer is a rare periampullary cancer currently with no targeted therapeutic agent. It is important to develop a deeper understanding of the carcinogenesis of ampullary cancer. We attempted to explore the characteristics of ampullary cancer in our dataset and a public database, followed by a search for potential drugs. We used a bioinformatics pipeline to analyze complementary (c)DNA microarray data of ampullary cancer and surrounding normal duodenal tissues from five patients. A public database from the National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus (NCBI GEO) was applied for external validation. Bioinformatics tools used included the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID), MetaCore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Hallmark, BioCarta, Reactome, and Connectivity Map (CMap). In total, 9097 genes were upregulated in the five ampullary cancer samples compared to normal duodenal tissues. From the MetaCore analysis, genes of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA) and retinoid X receptor (RXR)-regulated lipid metabolism were overexpressed in ampullary cancer tissues. Further a GSEA of the KEGG, Hallmark, Reactome, and Gene Ontology databases revealed that PPARA and lipid metabolism-related genes were enriched in our specimens of ampullary cancer and in the NCBI GSE39409 database. Expressions of PPARA messenger (m)RNA and the PPAR-α protein were higher in clinical samples and cell lines of ampullary cancer. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs, including alvespimycin, trichostatin A (a histone deacetylase inhibitor), and cytochalasin B, may have novel therapeutic effects in ampullary cancer patients as predicted by the CMap analysis. Trichostatin A was the most potent agent for ampullary cancer with a half maximal inhibitory concentration of < 0.3 μM. According to our results, upregulation of PPARA and lipid metabolism-related genes are potential pathways in the carcinogenesis and development of ampullary cancer. Results from the CMap analysis suggested potential drugs for patients with ampullary cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yang Wang
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jui Chao
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Chen
- Senior Citizen Service Management, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Wen Wang
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
| | - Nam Nhut Phan
- NTT Institute of Hi-Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hui-Ping Hsu
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan.,Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yan-Shen Shan
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Derg Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.,Center for Infectious Diseases and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sun F, Yang X, Ma C, Zhang S, Yu L, Lu H, Yin G, Liang P, Feng Y, Zhang F. The Effects of Diosgenin on Hypolipidemia and Its Underlying Mechanism: A Review. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:4015-4030. [PMID: 34552341 PMCID: PMC8450287 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s326054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a disorder of lipid metabolism, which is a major cause of coronary heart disease. Although there has been considerable progress in hyperlipidemia treatment, morbidity and risk associated with the condition continue to rise. The first-line treatment for hyperlipidemia, statins, has multiple side effects; therefore, development of safe and effective drugs from natural products to prevent and treat hyperlipidemia is necessary. Diosgenin is primarily derived from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) seeds, and is also abundant in medicinal herbs such as Dioscorea rhizome, Dioscorea septemloba, and Rhizoma polygonati, is a well-known steroidal sapogenin and the active ingredient in many drugs to treat cardiovascular conditions. There is abundant evidence that diosgenin has potential for application in correcting lipid metabolism disorders. In this review, we evaluated the latest evidence related to diosgenin and hyperlipidemia from clinical and animal studies. Additionally, we elaborate the pharmacological mechanism underlying the activity of diosgenin in treating hyperlipidemia in detail, including its role in inhibition of intestinal absorption of lipids, regulation of cholesterol transport, promotion of cholesterol conversion into bile acid and its excretion, inhibition of endogenous lipid biosynthesis, antioxidation and lipoprotein lipase activity, and regulation of transcription factors related to lipid metabolism. This review provides a deep exploration of the pharmacological mechanisms involved in diosgenin-hyperlipidemia interactions and suggests potential routes for the development of novel drug therapies for hyperlipidemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengcui Sun
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiufen Yang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoqun Ma
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shizhao Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Yu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifei Lu
- Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Yin
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengpeng Liang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Feng
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Fengxia Zhang Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +8653168616011 Email
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bacci M, Lorito N, Smiriglia A, Morandi A. Fat and Furious: Lipid Metabolism in Antitumoral Therapy Response and Resistance. Trends Cancer 2020; 7:198-213. [PMID: 33281098 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolic reprogramming is an established trait of cancer metabolism that guides response and resistance to antitumoral therapies. Enhanced lipogenesis, increased lipid content (either free or stored into lipid droplets), and lipid-dependent catabolism sustain therapy desensitization and the emergence of a resistant phenotype of tumor cells exposed to chemotherapy or targeted therapies. Aberrant lipid metabolism, therefore, has emerged as a potential metabolic vulnerability of therapy-resistant cancers that could be exploited for therapeutic interventions or for identifying tumors more likely to respond to further lines of therapies. This review gathers recent findings on the role of aberrant lipid metabolism in influencing antitumoral therapy response and in sustaining the emergence of resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bacci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Nicla Lorito
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Alfredo Smiriglia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Morandi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sharma R, Kopchick JJ, Puri V, Sharma VM. Effect of growth hormone on insulin signaling. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:111038. [PMID: 32966863 PMCID: PMC7606590 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is a pleiotropic hormone that coordinates an array of physiological processes, including effects on bone, muscle, and fat, ultimately resulting in growth. Metabolically, GH promotes anabolic action in most tissues except adipose, where its catabolic action causes the breakdown of stored triglycerides into free fatty acids (FFA). GH antagonizes insulin action via various molecular pathways. Chronic GH secretion suppresses the anti-lipolytic action of insulin and increases FFA flux into the systemic circulation; thus, promoting lipotoxicity, which causes pathophysiological problems, including insulin resistance. In this review, we will provide an update on GH-stimulated adipose lipolysis and its consequences on insulin signaling in liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. Furthermore, we will discuss the mechanisms that contribute to the diabetogenic action of GH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - John J Kopchick
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA; Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA; Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Vishwajeet Puri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA; Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Vishva M Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA; Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pagliari F, Marafioti MG, Genard G, Candeloro P, Viglietto G, Seco J, Tirinato L. ssRNA Virus and Host Lipid Rearrangements: Is There a Role for Lipid Droplets in SARS-CoV-2 Infection? Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:578964. [PMID: 33134318 PMCID: PMC7579428 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.578964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its appearance, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has immediately alarmed the World Health Organization for its very high contagiousness and the complexity of patient clinical profiles. The worldwide scientific community is today gathered in a massive effort in order to develop safe vaccines and effective therapies in the shortest possible time. Every day, new pieces of SARS-CoV-2 infective puzzle are disclosed. Based on knowledge gained with other related coronaviruses and, more in general, on single-strand RNA viruses, we highlight underexplored molecular routes in which lipids and lipid droplets (LDs) might serve essential functions in viral infections. In fact, both lipid homeostasis and the pathways connected to lipids seem to be fundamental in all phases of the coronavirus infection. This review aims at describing potential roles for lipid and LDs in host-virus interactions and suggesting LDs as new and central cellular organelles to be investigated as potential targets against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pagliari
- Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Grazia Marafioti
- Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Geraldine Genard
- Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrizio Candeloro
- BioNEM Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viglietto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Joao Seco
- Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luca Tirinato
- Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,BioNEM Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Overby H, Yang Y, Xu X, Graham K, Hildreth K, Choi S, Wan D, Morisseau C, Zeldin DC, Hammock BD, Wang S, Bettaieb A, Zhao L. Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibition by t-TUCB Promotes Brown Adipogenesis and Reduces Serum Triglycerides in Diet-Induced Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197039. [PMID: 32987880 PMCID: PMC7582898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is an important target for obesity treatment and prevention. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) converts bioactive epoxy fatty acids (EpFAs) into less active diols. sEH inhibitors (sEHI) are beneficial in many chronic diseases by stabilizing EpFAs. However, roles of sEH and sEHI in brown adipogenesis and BAT activity in treating diet-induced obesity (DIO) have not been reported. sEH expression was studied in in vitro models of brown adipogenesis and the fat tissues of DIO mice. The effects of the sEHI, trans-4-{4-[3-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-ureido]-cyclohexyloxy-benzoic acid (t-TUCB), were studied in vitro and in the obese mice via mini osmotic pump delivery. sEH expression was increased in brown adipogenesis and the BAT of the DIO mice. t-TUCB promoted brown adipogenesis in vitro. Although t-TCUB did not change body weight, fat pad weight, or glucose and insulin tolerance in the obese mice, it decreased serum triglycerides and increased protein expression of genes important for lipid metabolism in the BAT. Our results suggest that sEH may play a critical role in brown adipogenesis, and sEHI may be beneficial in improving BAT protein expression involved in lipid metabolism. Further studies using the sEHI combined with EpFA generating diets for obesity treatment and prevention are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haley Overby
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (H.O.); (Y.Y.); (X.X.); (K.G.); (K.H.); (S.C.)
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (H.O.); (Y.Y.); (X.X.); (K.G.); (K.H.); (S.C.)
| | - Xinyun Xu
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (H.O.); (Y.Y.); (X.X.); (K.G.); (K.H.); (S.C.)
| | - Katherine Graham
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (H.O.); (Y.Y.); (X.X.); (K.G.); (K.H.); (S.C.)
| | - Kelsey Hildreth
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (H.O.); (Y.Y.); (X.X.); (K.G.); (K.H.); (S.C.)
| | - Sue Choi
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (H.O.); (Y.Y.); (X.X.); (K.G.); (K.H.); (S.C.)
| | - Debin Wan
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (D.W.); (C.M.); (B.D.H.)
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (D.W.); (C.M.); (B.D.H.)
| | - Darryl C. Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA;
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (D.W.); (C.M.); (B.D.H.)
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Ahmed Bettaieb
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (H.O.); (Y.Y.); (X.X.); (K.G.); (K.H.); (S.C.)
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +1-865-974-6267 (A.B.); +1-865-974-1833 (L.Z.)
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (H.O.); (Y.Y.); (X.X.); (K.G.); (K.H.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +1-865-974-6267 (A.B.); +1-865-974-1833 (L.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Myocardin-Related Transcription Factor A (MRTF-A) Regulates the Balance between Adipogenesis and Osteogenesis of Human Adipose Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8853541. [PMID: 33029150 PMCID: PMC7527895 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8853541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) generates a link between the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton and gene expression with its coregulator, serum response factor (SRF). MRTF-A has also been suggested as a regulator of stem cell differentiation. However, the role of MRTF-A in human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation remains understudied. We aimed to elucidate whether MRTF-A is a potential regulator of human adipose stem cell (hASC) differentiation towards adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. To study the role of MRTF-A activity in the differentiation process, hASCs were cultured in adipogenic and osteogenic media supplemented with inhibitor molecules CCG-1423 or CCG-100602 that have been shown to block the expression of MRTF-A/SRF-activated genes. Our results of image-based quantification of Oil Red O stained lipid droplets and perilipin 1 staining denote that MRTF-A inhibition enhanced the adipogenic differentiation. On the contrary, MRTF-A inhibition led to diminished activity of an early osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase, and export of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins collagen type I and osteopontin. Also, quantitative Alizarin Red staining representing ECM mineralization was significantly decreased under MRTF-A inhibition. Image-based analysis of Phalloidin staining revealed that MRTF-A inhibition reduced the F-actin formation and parallel orientation of the actin filaments. Additionally, MRTF-A inhibition affected the protein amounts of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), myosin light chain (MLC), and phosphorylated MLC suggesting that MRTF-A would regulate differentiation through SRF activity. Our results strongly indicate that MRTF-A is an important regulator of the balance between osteogenesis and adipogenesis of hASCs through its role in mediating the cytoskeletal dynamics. These results provide MRTF-A as a new interesting target for guiding the stem cell differentiation in tissue engineering applications for regenerative medicine.
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhang Z, Su H, Ahmed RZ, Zheng Y, Jin X. Critical biomarkers for myocardial damage by fine particulate matter: Focused on PPARα-regulated energy metabolism. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 264:114659. [PMID: 32380395 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter is one of the leading threats to cardiovascular health worldwide. The exploration of novel and sensitive biomarkers to detect damaging effect of fine particulate matter on cardiac tissues is of great importance in the better understanding of haze-caused myocardial injury. A link between heart failure and PPARα-regulated energy metabolism has been confirmed previously. Herein, the study intends to reveal the critical biomarkers of fine particulate matter induced myocardial damage from the PPARα-regulated energy metabolism. Ambient fine particulate matter induced severe pathological alterations in cultured cells, accompanied by the decrease in ATP content. Additionally, the expressions of CPT1/CPT2 and levels of CS and MDH, crucial members in β-oxidation and the TCA cycle, were significantly decreased. In direct contrast, fine particulate matter increased the biomarkers of glycolysis, as measured by the accumulation of pyruvate and lactate contents, and the enhanced activities of HK and PKM1/2. Importantly, fine particulate matter-exposed cardiomyocytes exhibited the reduced PPARα level, that increased when cardiomyocytes were co-incubation with WY-14643 and fine particulate matter. Simultaneously, the adverse impact of fine particulate matter on critical biomarkers were observed in β-oxidation, TCA cycle and glycolysis, associated with WY-14643 additional complement. Fine particulate matter caused the myocardial energy metabolism transformation through the regulation of PPARα expression and translation, which provided novel and critical biomarkers for haze particles-caused myocardial damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zhang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huilan Su
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rifat Zubair Ahmed
- Dept. of Genetics, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoting Jin
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhang J, Ma J, Zhou X, Hu S, Ge L, Sun J, Li P, Long K, Jin L, Tang Q, Liu L, Li X, Shuai S, Li M. Comprehensive Analysis of mRNA and lncRNA Transcriptomes Reveals the Differentially Hypoxic Response of Preadipocytes During Adipogenesis. Front Genet 2020; 11:845. [PMID: 32849828 PMCID: PMC7425071 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Local hypoxia has recently been reported to occur in the white adipose tissue (WAT) microenvironment during obesity. Adipocytes have a unique life cycle that reflects the different stages of adipogenesis in the WAT niche. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the cellular response to hypoxia. However, the differentially hypoxic responses of preadipocytes during adipogenesis and the potential role of lncRNAs in this process remain to be elucidated. Here, we evaluated the differentially hypoxic responses of primary hamster preadipocytes during adipogenesis and analyzed mRNA and lncRNA expression in same Ribo-Zero RNA-seq libraries. Hypoxia induced HIF-1α protein during adipogenesis and caused divergent changes of cell phenotypes. A total of 10,318 mRNAs were identified to be expressed in twenty libraries (five timepoints), and 3,198 differentially expressed mRNAs (DE mRNAs) were detected at five timepoints (hypoxia vs. normoxia). Functional enrichment analysis revealed the shared and specific hypoxia response pathways in the different stages of adipogenesis. Hypoxia differentially modulated the expression profile of adipose-associated genes, including adipokines, lipogenesis, lipolysis, hyperplasia, hypertrophy, inflammatory, and extracellular matrix. We also identified 4,296 lncRNAs that were expressed substantially and detected 1,431 DE lncRNAs at five timepoints. Two, 3, 5, 13, and 50 DE mRNAs at D0, D1, D3, D7, and D11, respectively, were highly correlated and locus-nearby DE lncRNAs and mainly involved in the cell cycle, vesicle-mediated transport, and mitochondrion organization. We identified 28 one-to-one lncRNA-mRNA pairs that might be closely related to adipocyte functions, such as ENSCGRT00015041780-Hilpda, TU2105-Cdsn, and TU17588-Ltbp3. These lncRNAs may represent the crucial regulation axis in the cellular response to hypoxia during adipogenesis. This study dissected the effects of hypoxia in the cell during adipogenesis, uncovered novel regulators potentially associated with WAT function, and may provide a new viewpoint for interpretation and treatment of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jideng Ma
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiankun Zhou
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Silu Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangpeng Ge
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Penghao Li
- Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Xi Nan Gynecological Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Keren Long
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Long Jin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianzi Tang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingyan Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuewei Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Surong Shuai
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Truong NTT, Lydic TA, Bazil JN, Suryadevara A, Olson LK. Regulation of lipid metabolism in pancreatic beta cells by interferon gamma: A link to anti-viral function. Cytokine 2020; 133:155147. [PMID: 32492632 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Interferons (IFN) have been shown to alter lipid metabolism in immune and some non-hematopoietic cells and this affects host cell response to pathogens. In type 1 diabetes, IFNγ acts as a proinflammatory cytokine that, along with other cytokines, is released during pancreatic beta cell autoinflammation and contributes to immune response and beta cell dysfunction. The hypothesis tested herein is that IFN modifies beta cell lipid metabolism and this is associated with enhanced anti-viral response and beta cell stress. Treatment of INS-1 cells with IFNγ for 6 to 24 h led to a dynamic change in TAG and lipid droplet (LD) levels, with a decrease at 6 h and an increase at 24 h. The later accumulation of TAG was associated with increased de novo lipogenesis (DNL), and impaired mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Gene expression results suggested that IFNγ regulates lipolytic, lipogenic, LD and FAO genes in a temporal manner. The changes in lipid gene expression are dependent on the classical Janus kinase (JAK) pathway. Pretreatment with IFNγ robustly enhanced anti-viral gene expression induced by the viral mimetic polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (PIC), and this potentiating effect of IFNγ was markedly attenuated by inhibitors of DNL. The IFNγ-induced accumulation of lipid, however, was insufficient to cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. These studies demonstrated a non-canonical effect of IFNγ in regulation of pancreatic beta cell lipid metabolism that is intimately linked with host cell defense and might alter cellular function early in the progression to type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen T T Truong
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Todd A Lydic
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Mass Spectrometry Core (MMD-CMSC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jason N Bazil
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Abhijeet Suryadevara
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - L Karl Olson
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chen J, Wang X, Wang X, Li W, Shang C, Chen T, Chen Y. A FITM1-Related Methylation Signature Predicts the Prognosis of Patients With Non-Viral Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Genet 2020; 11:99. [PMID: 32174969 PMCID: PMC7056874 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although great progress has been made in treatment against hepatitis virus infection, the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unsatisfied. Therefore, there is an unmet need to explore biomarkers or prognostic models for monitoring non-viral hepatocellular carcinoma. Accumulating evidence indicates that DNA methylation participates in carcinogenesis of malignancies. In the present study, we analyzed 101 non-viral HCC patients from TCGA database to figure out methylation-driven genes (MDGs) that might get involved in non-viral HCC pathogenesis using MethyMix algorithm. Then we picked out 8 key genes out of 137 MDGs that could affect the overall survival (OS) of both methylation and expression level. Using PCA, Uni-variate, Multi-variate, and LASSO cox regression analyses, we confirmed the potential prognostic value of these eight epigenetic genes. Ultimately, combined with immunohistochemistry (IHC), ROC, OS, and GSEA analyses, fat storage-inducing transmembrane protein1 (FITM1) was identified as a novel tumor suppressor gene in non-viral HCC and an applicable FITM1-methylation-based signature was built in a training set and validated in a testing set. Briefly, our work provides several potential biomarkers, especially FITM1, as well as a new method for disease surveillance and treatment strategy development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xicheng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xining Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Eight Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Changzhen Shang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Li F, Wang H, Wang Y, Feng S, Hu B, Zhang X, Wang J, Li W, Cheng M. Computational investigation reveals Picrasidine C as selective PPARα lead: binding pattern, selectivity mechanism and ADME/tox profile. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:5401-5418. [PMID: 31787028 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1699861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural products and their derivatives have been recognized as an important source of therapeutic agents for many years. Previously we isolated a dimeric β-carboline-type alkaloid Picrasidine C from the root of Picrasma quassioides as subtype-selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist. In order to modify this natural product for better affinity and druggability, we investigated a series of properties exhibited by Picrasidine C, such as its binding mode with PPARα, the selectivity mechanism over PPARγ, as well as ADME/Tox profile through computational methods including sequence alignment, molecular docking, pharmacophore modeling and molecular dynamics simulations. The detailed information of binding pattern and affinity for Picrasidine C elucidated here will be valuable for chemical modification. Besides, the steric hindrance of residue Phe363 in PPARγ pocket was speculated as the main isoform selectivity mechanism for Picrasidine C, which would be helpful for the design of selective derivatives. ADME/Tox prediction was conducted to avoid potential undesirable pharmacokinetic properties for reducing the risk of failure. Finally, novel skeletons were derived from lead compound by core hopping method, validated through molecular dynamic simulations and MM-GBSA calculation. In short, the information obtained from computational strategy would be valuable for us to find more potent, safe and selective PPARα agonists during structural optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Hanxun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China.,Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Shasha Feng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Baichun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi, Japan
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Qi W, Wang Y, Yao J, Sun H, Duan X, Song G, Pang S, Wang C, Li A. Genistein inhibits AOM/DSS-induced colon cancer by regulating lipid droplet accumulation and the SIRT1/FOXO3a pathway in high-fat diet-fed female mice. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2019.1684452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Qi
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinli Yao
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Sun
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Duan
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ge Song
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaojie Pang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunling Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aike Li
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sirois I, Aguilar-Mahecha A, Lafleur J, Fowler E, Vu V, Scriver M, Buchanan M, Chabot C, Ramanathan A, Balachandran B, Légaré S, Przybytkowski E, Lan C, Krzemien U, Cavallone L, Aleynikova O, Ferrario C, Guilbert MC, Benlimame N, Saad A, Alaoui-Jamali M, Saragovi HU, Josephy S, O'Flanagan C, Hursting SD, Richard VR, Zahedi RP, Borchers CH, Bareke E, Nabavi S, Tonellato P, Roy JA, Robidoux A, Marcus EA, Mihalcioiu C, Majewski J, Basik M. A Unique Morphological Phenotype in Chemoresistant Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Reveals Metabolic Reprogramming and PLIN4 Expression as a Molecular Vulnerability. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:2492-2507. [PMID: 31537618 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The major obstacle in successfully treating triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy, the mainstay of treatment in this disease. Previous preclinical models of chemoresistance in TNBC have suffered from a lack of clinical relevance. Using a single high dose chemotherapy treatment, we developed a novel MDA-MB-436 cell-based model of chemoresistance characterized by a unique and complex morphologic phenotype, which consists of polyploid giant cancer cells giving rise to neuron-like mononuclear daughter cells filled with smaller but functional mitochondria and numerous lipid droplets. This resistant phenotype is associated with metabolic reprogramming with a shift to a greater dependence on fatty acids and oxidative phosphorylation. We validated both the molecular and histologic features of this model in a clinical cohort of primary chemoresistant TNBCs and identified several metabolic vulnerabilities including a dependence on PLIN4, a perilipin coating the observed lipid droplets, expressed both in the TNBC-resistant cells and clinical chemoresistant tumors treated with neoadjuvant doxorubicin-based chemotherapy. These findings thus reveal a novel mechanism of chemotherapy resistance that has therapeutic implications in the treatment of drug-resistant cancer. IMPLICATIONS: These findings underlie the importance of a novel morphologic-metabolic phenotype associated with chemotherapy resistance in TNBC, and bring to light novel therapeutic targets resulting from vulnerabilities in this phenotype, including the expression of PLIN4 essential for stabilizing lipid droplets in resistant cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Sirois
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Adriana Aguilar-Mahecha
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Josiane Lafleur
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Emma Fowler
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Viet Vu
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michelle Scriver
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marguerite Buchanan
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Catherine Chabot
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Aparna Ramanathan
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Banujan Balachandran
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Légaré
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ewa Przybytkowski
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Cathy Lan
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Urszula Krzemien
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Luca Cavallone
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Olga Aleynikova
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Oncology and Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Cristiano Ferrario
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Oncology and Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Christine Guilbert
- Hôpital Maisonneuve Rosemont, Département de pathologie et biologie cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Naciba Benlimame
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Amine Saad
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Oncology and Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Moulay Alaoui-Jamali
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Oncology and Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Horace Uri Saragovi
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital; Center for Translational Research, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Integrated Program for Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvia Josephy
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital; Center for Translational Research, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Integrated Program for Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ciara O'Flanagan
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Stephen D Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,University of North Carolina Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina
| | - Vincent R Richard
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - René P Zahedi
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christoph H Borchers
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,University of Victoria Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Eric Bareke
- McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sheida Nabavi
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Tonellato
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - André Robidoux
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Jacek Majewski
- McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mark Basik
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada. .,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Oncology and Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bonezzi F, Piccoli M, Dei Cas M, Paroni R, Mingione A, Monasky MM, Caretti A, Riganti C, Ghidoni R, Pappone C, Anastasia L, Signorelli P. Sphingolipid Synthesis Inhibition by Myriocin Administration Enhances Lipid Consumption and Ameliorates Lipid Response to Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Front Physiol 2019; 10:986. [PMID: 31447688 PMCID: PMC6696899 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarct requires prompt thrombolytic therapy or primary percutaneous coronary intervention to limit the extent of necrosis, but reperfusion creates additional damage. Along with reperfusion, a maladaptive remodeling phase might occur and it is often associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, as well as a reduced ability to recover metabolism homeostasis. Infarcted individuals can exhibit reduced lipid turnover and their accumulation in cardiomyocytes, which is linked to a deregulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), controlling fatty acids metabolism, energy production, and the anti-inflammatory response. We previously demonstrated that Myriocin can be effectively used as post-conditioning therapeutic to limit ischemia/reperfusion-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and infarct size, in a murine model. In this follow-up study, we demonstrate that Myriocin has a critical regulatory role in cardiac remodeling and energy production, by up-regulating the transcriptional factor EB, PPARs nuclear receptors and genes involved in fatty acids metabolism, such as VLDL receptor, Fatp1, CD36, Fabp3, Cpts, and mitochondrial FA dehydrogenases. The overall effects are represented by an increased β–oxidation, together with an improved electron transport chain and energy production. The potent immunomodulatory and metabolism regulatory effects of Myriocin elicit the molecule as a promising pharmacological tool for post-conditioning therapy of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Bonezzi
- Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Piccoli
- Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Dei Cas
- Clinical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Health Sciences Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Paroni
- Clinical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Health Sciences Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mingione
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Health Sciences Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Anna Caretti
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Health Sciences Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Cell Biochemistry Laboratory, Oncology Department, and Interdepartmental Research Center for Molecular Biotechnology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ghidoni
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Health Sciences Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Pappone
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Anastasia
- Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Signorelli
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Health Sciences Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tian S, Lei P, Teng C, Sun Y, Song X, Li B, Shan Y. Targeting PLIN2/PLIN5-PPARγ: Sulforaphane Disturbs the Maturation of Lipid Droplets. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900183. [PMID: 31325205 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The effects of sulforaphane (SFN) on the maturation of lipid droplets (LDs)-the storage units for free fatty acids and sterols as triacylglycerides (TAG) and cholesterol esters (CE)-are far from being understood, despite the fact that SFN is known to be beneficial for ameliorating lipid metabolism disorders. METHODS AND RESULTS High-fat-intake models are established in both HHL-5 hepatocytes and rodents. The numbers and sizes of LDs are decreased by SFN. The accumulation of lipid core components (TAG & CE) is reduced and the expression of their key synthetases, acyl-coenzyme A: diacylglycerol acyltransferases 2 (DGAT2) and acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferases 1 (ACAT1), is also inhibited. Moreover, SFN decreases LD-associated protein PLIN2 and PLIN5 expression, but not that of PLIN1 and PLIN3, both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, over-expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) induces the accumulation of TAG and the up-regulation of PLIN2 and PLIN5, which are not reversed by SFN. These results suggest that PPARγ may be a target of SFN in lipid metabolism. CONCLUSION SFN disturbs LD maturation by inhibiting the formation of the neutral lipid core and decreases PLIN2 and PLIN5 via down-regulation of PPARγ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Tian
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Peng Lei
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Chunying Teng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xinyue Song
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Baolong Li
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yujuan Shan
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hafidi ME, Buelna-Chontal M, Sánchez-Muñoz F, Carbó R. Adipogenesis: A Necessary but Harmful Strategy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153657. [PMID: 31357412 PMCID: PMC6696444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is considered to significantly increase the risk of the development of a vast range of metabolic diseases. However, adipogenesis is a complex physiological process, necessary to sequester lipids effectively to avoid lipotoxicity in other tissues, like the liver, heart, muscle, essential for maintaining metabolic homeostasis and has a crucial role as a component of the innate immune system, far beyond than only being an inert mass of energy storage. In pathophysiological conditions, adipogenesis promotes a pro-inflammatory state, angiogenesis and the release of adipokines, which become dangerous to health. It results in a hypoxic state, causing oxidative stress and the synthesis and release of harmful free fatty acids. In this review, we try to explain the mechanisms occurring at the breaking point, at which adipogenesis leads to an uncontrolled lipotoxicity. This review highlights the types of adipose tissue and their functions, their way of storing lipids until a critical point, which is associated with hypoxia, inflammation, insulin resistance as well as lipodystrophy and adipogenesis modulation by Krüppel-like factors and miRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed El Hafidi
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Mabel Buelna-Chontal
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Roxana Carbó
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México City 14080, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Oh HYP, Visvalingam V, Wahli W. The PPAR-microbiota-metabolic organ trilogy to fine-tune physiology. FASEB J 2019; 33:9706-9730. [PMID: 31237779 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802681rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The human gut is colonized by commensal microorganisms, predominately bacteria that have coevolved in symbiosis with their host. The gut microbiota has been extensively studied in recent years, and many important findings on how it can regulate host metabolism have been unraveled. In healthy individuals, feeding timing and type of food can influence not only the composition but also the circadian oscillation of the gut microbiota. Host feeding habits thus influence the type of microbe-derived metabolites produced and their concentrations throughout the day. These microbe-derived metabolites influence many aspects of host physiology, including energy metabolism and circadian rhythm. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate various metabolic processes such as fatty acid metabolism. Similar to the gut microbiota, PPAR expression in various organs oscillates diurnally, and studies have shown that the gut microbiota can influence PPAR activities in various metabolic organs. For example, short-chain fatty acids, the most abundant type of metabolites produced by anaerobic fermentation of dietary fibers by the gut microbiota, are PPAR agonists. In this review, we highlight how the gut microbiota can regulate PPARs in key metabolic organs, namely, in the intestines, liver, and muscle. Knowing that the gut microbiota impacts metabolism and is altered in individuals with metabolic diseases might allow treatment of these patients using noninvasive procedures such as gut microbiota manipulation.-Oh, H. Y. P., Visvalingam, V., Wahli, W. The PPAR-microbiota-metabolic organ trilogy to fine-tune physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yun Penny Oh
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Institute for Health Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Vivegan Visvalingam
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Walter Wahli
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1331, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-ToxAlim, Toulouse, France.,Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Jackson CL. Lipid droplet biogenesis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 59:88-96. [PMID: 31075519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) store neutral lipids in their core as an energy source when nutrients are scarce. The center of an LD is hydrophobic, and hence it is surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer, unlike other organelles that have an aqueous interior and are bounded by a phospholipid bilayer. LDs arise from the ER, where neutral lipid synthesis enzymes are localized. A combination of biophysical analysis and modeling, in vitro reconstitution and cell biological analyses has provided a great deal of information over the past few years on the process of LD biogenesis from the ER. In addition to lipid composition, four protein families (seipin proteins, perilipins, FIT proteins and ER shaping proteins) are crucial for LD biogenesis. Recent studies have shown that LDs preferentially arise, along with peroxisomes, at special ER sites marked by the reticulon-like Pex30/MCTP2 protein. New functions for perilipins and FIT family proteins have been uncovered, and the cryo-electron microscopy structure of seipin coupled with high resolution imaging in cells has provided a more comprehensive picture of its function in LD biogenesis. Seipin, along with other proteins such as Rab18 and its effector NRZ, have been shown to carry out their functions at least in part through regulation of ER-LD contact sites, whose establishment and maintenance have emerged as an essential component of LD biogenesis and maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L Jackson
- Institut Jacques Monod, UMR7592 CNRS Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Nasias D, Evangelakos I, Nidris V, Vassou D, Tarasco E, Lutz TA, Kardassis D. Significant changes in hepatic transcriptome and circulating miRNAs are associated with diet-induced metabolic syndrome in apoE3L.CETP mice. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:20485-20500. [PMID: 31016757 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to excess dietary fat leads to obesity and the metabolic syndrome (MetS). The purpose of the present study was to identify global changes in liver gene expression and circulating miRNAs in a humanized mouse model of diet-induced MetS. Male apoE3L.CETP mice received a high-fat diet (HFD) or a low-fat diet (LFD) for different time periods and the progression of MetS pathology was monitored. A separate group of mice was divided into responders (R) or nonresponders (NR) and received HFD for 16 weeks. We found that mice receiving the HFD developed manifestations of MetS and displayed an increasing number of differentially expressed transcripts at 4, 8, and 12 weeks compared with mice receiving the LFD. Significantly changed genes were functionally annotated to metabolic diseases and pathway analysis revealed the downregulation of genes in cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis and upregulation of genes related to lipid droplet formation, which was in line with the development of hepatic steatosis. In the serum of the apoE3L.CETP mice we identified three miRNAs that were upregulated specifically in the HFD group. We found that responder mice have a distinct gene signature that differentiates them from nonresponders. Comparison of the two diet intervention studies revealed a limited number of common differentially expressed genes but the expression of these common genes was affected in a similar way in both studies. In conclusion, the characteristic hepatic gene signatures and serum miRNAs identified in the present study provide novel insights to MetS pathology and could be exploited for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Nasias
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Division of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Greece.,Gene Regulation and Epigenetics group, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology of Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ioannis Evangelakos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Division of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Greece.,Gene Regulation and Epigenetics group, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology of Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vasilis Nidris
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Division of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Greece.,Gene Regulation and Epigenetics group, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology of Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Despoina Vassou
- Genomics Facility, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology of Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Erika Tarasco
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas A Lutz
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dimitris Kardassis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Division of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Greece.,Gene Regulation and Epigenetics group, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology of Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ruppert PMM, Park JG, Xu X, Hur KY, Lee AH, Kersten S. Transcriptional profiling of PPARα-/- and CREB3L3-/- livers reveals disparate regulation of hepatoproliferative and metabolic functions of PPARα. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:199. [PMID: 30866796 PMCID: PMC6416987 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5563-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated receptor α (PPARα) and cAMP-Responsive Element Binding Protein 3-Like 3 (CREB3L3) are transcription factors involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism in the liver. The aim of the present study was to characterize the interrelationship between PPARα and CREB3L3 in regulating hepatic gene expression. Male wild-type, PPARα−/−, CREB3L3−/− and combined PPARα/CREB3L3−/− mice were subjected to a 16-h fast or 4 days of ketogenic diet. Whole genome expression analysis was performed on liver samples. Results Under conditions of overnight fasting, the effects of PPARα ablation and CREB3L3 ablation on plasma triglyceride, plasma β-hydroxybutyrate, and hepatic gene expression were largely disparate, and showed only limited interdependence. Gene and pathway analysis underscored the importance of CREB3L3 in regulating (apo)lipoprotein metabolism, and of PPARα as master regulator of intracellular lipid metabolism. A small number of genes, including Fgf21 and Mfsd2a, were under dual control of PPARα and CREB3L3. By contrast, a strong interaction between PPARα and CREB3L3 ablation was observed during ketogenic diet feeding. Specifically, the pronounced effects of CREB3L3 ablation on liver damage and hepatic gene expression during ketogenic diet were almost completely abolished by the simultaneous ablation of PPARα. Loss of CREB3L3 influenced PPARα signalling in two major ways. Firstly, it reduced expression of PPARα and its target genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis. In stark contrast, the hepatoproliferative function of PPARα was markedly activated by loss of CREB3L3. Conclusions These data indicate that CREB3L3 ablation uncouples the hepatoproliferative and lipid metabolic effects of PPARα. Overall, except for the shared regulation of a very limited number of genes, the roles of PPARα and CREB3L3 in hepatic lipid metabolism are clearly distinct and are highly dependent on dietary status. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5563-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip M M Ruppert
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jong-Gil Park
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Present address: Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Xu Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Present address: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Kyu Yeon Hur
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicin, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ann-Hwee Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Present address: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|