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Kingsbury MA. The intertwining of oxytocin's effects on social affiliation and inflammation. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2024; 19:100239. [PMID: 38784104 PMCID: PMC11112266 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2024.100239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
•Oxytocin is an ancient adaptive hormone that promotes social affiliation to maximize fitness and longevity.•Oxytocin is a multifaceted hormone that regulates stress responses at all levels of cellular organization within individuals.•Oxytocin's dual actions on sociability and inflammation highlight its powerful capacity as a modulator of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcy A. Kingsbury
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
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2
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Dinić M, Burgess JL, Lukić J, Catanuto P, Radojević D, Marjanović J, Verpile R, Thaller SR, Gonzalez T, Golić N, Strahinić I, Tomic-Canic M, Pastar I. Postbiotic lactobacilli induce cutaneous antimicrobial response and restore the barrier to inhibit the intracellular invasion of Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and ex vivo. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23801. [PMID: 39018106 PMCID: PMC11258854 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400054rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Intracellular pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus contribute to the non-healing phenotype of chronic wounds. Lactobacilli, well known as beneficial bacteria, are also reported to modulate the immune system, yet their role in cutaneous immunity remains largely unknown. We explored the therapeutic potential of bacteria-free postbiotics, bioactive lysates of lactobacilli, to reduce intracellular S. aureus colonization and promote healing. Fourteen postbiotics derived from various lactobacilli species were screened, and Latilactobacillus curvatus BGMK2-41 was selected for further analysis based on the most efficient ability to reduce intracellular infection by S. aureus diabetic foot ulcer clinical isolate and S. aureus USA300. Treatment of both infected keratinocytes in vitro and infected human skin ex vivo with BGMK2-41 postbiotic cleared S. aureus. Keratinocytes treated in vitro with BGMK2-41 upregulated expression of antimicrobial response genes, of which DEFB4, ANG, and RNASE7 were also found upregulated in treated ex vivo human skin together with CAMP exclusively upregulated ex vivo. Furthermore, BGMK2-41 postbiotic treatment has a multifaceted impact on the wound healing process. Treatment of keratinocytes stimulated cell migration and the expression of tight junction proteins, while in ex vivo human skin BGMK2-41 increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, promoted re-epithelialization, and restored the epidermal barrier via upregulation of tight junction proteins. Together, this provides a potential therapeutic approach for persistent intracellular S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Dinić
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jamie L. Burgess
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami FL, USA
| | - Jovanka Lukić
- Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Paola Catanuto
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Dušan Radojević
- Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Marjanović
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rebecca Verpile
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Seth R. Thaller
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tammy Gonzalez
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nataša Golić
- Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Strahinić
- Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami FL, USA
| | - Irena Pastar
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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3
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Wang L, Ren B, Wu S, Song H, Xiong L, Wang F, Shen X. Current research progress, opportunities, and challenges of Limosillactobacillus reuteri-based probiotic dietary strategies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38920093 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2369946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Limosillactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), a type of Lactobacillus spp., stands out as the most extensively researched probiotic. Its remarkable intestinal adhesion has led to widespread applications in both the food and medical sectors. Notably, recent research highlights the probiotic efficacy of L. reuteri sourced from breast milk, particularly in influencing social behavior and mitigating atopic dermatitis. In this review, our emphasis is on surveying recent literature regarding the promotion of host's health by L. reuteri. We aim to provide a concise summary of the latest regulatory effects and potential mechanisms attributed to L. reuteri in the realms of metabolism, brain- and immune-related functions. The mechanism through which L. reuteri promotes host health by modulating the intestinal microenvironment primarily involves promoting intestinal epithelial renewal, bolstering intestinal barrier function, regulating gut microbiota and its metabolites, and suppressing inflammation and immune responses. Additionally, this review delves into new technologies, identifies shortcomings, and addresses challenges in current L. reuteri research. Finally, the application prospects of L. reuteri are provided. Therefore, a better understanding of the role and mechanisms of L. reuteri will contribute significantly to the development of new probiotic functional foods and enable precise, targeted interventions for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luanfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Ren
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shufeng Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Haizhao Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Xiong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinchun Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
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董 嘉, 王 雪, 柏 歌, 王 东. [Research progress on the mechanisms of probiotics promoting wound healing]. SHENG WU YI XUE GONG CHENG XUE ZA ZHI = JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING = SHENGWU YIXUE GONGCHENGXUE ZAZHI 2024; 41:635-640. [PMID: 38932552 PMCID: PMC11208640 DOI: 10.7507/1001-5515.202208003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Slow wound healing has been a troublesome problem in clinic. In China, traditional methods such as antibiotics and silver sulfadiazine are used to treat skin wound, but the abuse use has many disadvantages, such as chronic wounds and pathogen resistance. Studies have shown that the microorganisms with symbiotic relationship with organisms have benefits on skin wound. Therefore, the way to develop and utilize probiotics to promote wound healing has become a new research direction. In this paper, we reviewed the studies on the bacteriotherapy in the world, described how the probiotics can play a role in promoting wound healing through local wound and intestine, and introduced some mature probiotics products and clinical trials, aiming to provide foundations for further development of bacteriotherapy and products.
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Affiliation(s)
- 嘉利 董
- 陕西中医药大学 临床医学系(陕西咸阳 712046)Department of Clinical Medicine, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P. R. China
| | - 雪静 王
- 陕西中医药大学 临床医学系(陕西咸阳 712046)Department of Clinical Medicine, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P. R. China
| | - 歌研 柏
- 陕西中医药大学 临床医学系(陕西咸阳 712046)Department of Clinical Medicine, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P. R. China
| | - 东 王
- 陕西中医药大学 临床医学系(陕西咸阳 712046)Department of Clinical Medicine, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P. R. China
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5
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Maslova E, EisaianKhongi L, Rigole P, Coenye T, McCarthy RR. Carbon source competition within the wound microenvironment can significantly influence infection progression. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:52. [PMID: 38918415 PMCID: PMC11199515 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly apparent that commensal skin bacteria have an important role in wound healing and infection progression. However, the precise mechanisms underpinning many of these probiotic interactions remain to be fully uncovered. In this work, we demonstrate that the common skin commensal Cutibacterium acnes can limit the pathogenicity of the prevalent wound pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vivo. We show that this impact on pathogenicity is independent of any effect on growth, but occurs through a significant downregulation of the Type Three Secretion System (T3SS), the primary toxin secretion system utilised by P. aeruginosa in eukaryotic infection. We also show a downregulation in glucose acquisition systems, a known regulator of the T3SS, suggesting that glucose availability in a wound can influence infection progression. C. acnes is well known as a glucose fermenting organism, and we demonstrate that topically supplementing a wound with glucose reverses the probiotic effects of C. acnes. This suggests that introducing carbon source competition within the wound microenvironment may be an effective way to prevent or limit wound infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Maslova
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Lara EisaianKhongi
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Petra Rigole
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Coenye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ronan R McCarthy
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.
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Salahi A, Abd El-Ghany WA. Beyond probiotics, uses of their next-generation for poultry and humans: A review. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024. [PMID: 38689488 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The production of healthy food is one of the basic requirements and challenges. Research efforts have been introduced in the human's food industry to reduce the microbial resistance and use safe and healthy alternatives with a high durability. However, the conducted work about these issues in the field of livestock animal production have been started since 2015. Inappropriate and extensive use of antibiotics has resulted in the increase of antimicrobial resistance, presence of drug residues in tissues, and destruction of the gut microbiome. Therefore, discovering and developing antibiotic substitutes were urgent demands. Probiotic compounds containing living micro-organisms are important antibiotic alternative that have been beneficially and extensively used in humans, animals, and poultry. However, some probiotics show some obstacles during production and applications. Accordingly, this review article proposes a comprehensive description of the next-generation of probiotics including postbiotics, proteobiotics, psychobiotics, immunobiotics and paraprobiotics and their effects on poultry production and human's therapy. These compounds proved great efficiency in terms of restoring gut health, improving performance and general health conditions, modulating the immune response and reducing the pathogenic micro-organisms. However, more future research work should be carried out regarding this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Salahi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Wafaa A Abd El-Ghany
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Weber KT, Varian BJ, Erdman SE. The gut microbiome and sociability. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1372274. [PMID: 38629051 PMCID: PMC11018908 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1372274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome plays an important role in the maturation of the neural, immune, and endocrine systems. Research data from animal models shows that gut microbiota communicate with the host's brain in an elaborate network of signaling pathways, including the vagus nerve. Part of the microbiome's influence extends to the behavioral and social development of its host. As a social species, a human's ability to communicate with others is imperative to their survival and quality of life. Current research explores the gut microbiota's developmental influence as well as how these gut-brain pathways can be leveraged to alleviate the social symptoms associated with various neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diseases. One intriguing vein of research in animal models centers on probiotic treatment, which leads to downstream increased circulation of endogenous oxytocin, a neuropeptide hormone relevant to sociability. Further research may lead to therapeutic applications in humans, particularly in the early stages of their lives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susan E. Erdman
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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Abdi A, Oroojzadeh P, Valivand N, Sambrani R, Lotfi H. Immunological aspects of probiotics for improving skin diseases: Influence on the Gut-Brain-Skin Axis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 702:149632. [PMID: 38340656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The interplay between gut microbiota and human health, both mental and physical, is well-documented. This connection extends to the gut-brain-skin axis, linking gut microbiota to skin health. Recent studies have underscored the potential of probiotics and prebiotics to modulate gut microbiota, supported by in vivo and clinical investigations. In this comprehensive review, we explore the immunological implications of probiotics in influencing the gut-skin axis for the treatment and prevention of skin conditions, including psoriasis, acne, diabetic ulcers, atopic dermatitis, and skin cancer. Our analysis reveals that probiotics exert their effects by modulating cytokine production, whether administered orally or topically. Probiotics bolster skin defenses through the production of antimicrobial peptides and the induction of keratinocyte differentiation and regeneration. Yet, many questions surrounding probiotics remain unanswered, necessitating further exploration of their mechanisms of action in the context of skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abdi
- Medical Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, İstanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Parvin Oroojzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nassim Valivand
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Roshanak Sambrani
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Razi Educational and Treatment Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hajie Lotfi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
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Nguyen JB, Marshall CW, Cook CN. The buzz within: the role of the gut microbiome in honeybee social behavior. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb246400. [PMID: 38344873 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Gut symbionts influence the physiology and behavior of their host, but the extent to which these effects scale to social behaviors is an emerging area of research. The use of the western honeybee (Apis mellifera) as a model enables researchers to investigate the gut microbiome and behavior at several levels of social organization. Insight into gut microbial effects at the societal level is critical for our understanding of how involved microbial symbionts are in host biology. In this Commentary, we discuss recent findings in honeybee gut microbiome research and synthesize these with knowledge of the physiology and behavior of other model organisms to hypothesize how host-microbe interactions at the individual level could shape societal dynamics and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - C W Marshall
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - C N Cook
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
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Sepordeh S, Jafari AM, Bazzaz S, Abbasi A, Aslani R, Houshmandi S, Rad AH. Postbiotic as Novel Alternative Agent or Adjuvant for the Common Antibiotic Utilized in the Food Industry. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:1245-1263. [PMID: 37702234 DOI: 10.2174/1389201025666230912123849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance is a serious public health problem as it causes previously manageable diseases to become deadly infections that can cause serious disability or even death. Scientists are creating novel approaches and procedures that are essential for the treatment of infections and limiting the improper use of antibiotics in an effort to counter this rising risk. OBJECTIVES With a focus on the numerous postbiotic metabolites formed from the beneficial gut microorganisms, their potential antimicrobial actions, and recent associated advancements in the food and medical areas, this review presents an overview of the emerging ways to prevent antibiotic resistance. RESULTS Presently, scientific literature confirms that plant-derived antimicrobials, RNA therapy, fecal microbiota transplantation, vaccines, nanoantibiotics, haemofiltration, predatory bacteria, immunotherapeutics, quorum-sensing inhibitors, phage therapies, and probiotics can be considered natural and efficient antibiotic alternative candidates. The investigations on appropriate probiotic strains have led to the characterization of specific metabolic byproducts of probiotics named postbiotics. Based on preclinical and clinical studies, postbiotics with their unique characteristics in terms of clinical (safe origin, without the potential spread of antibiotic resistance genes, unique and multiple antimicrobial action mechanisms), technological (stability and feasibility of largescale production), and economic (low production costs) aspects can be used as a novel alternative agent or adjuvant for the common antibiotics utilized in the production of animal-based foods. CONCLUSION Postbiotic constituents may be a new approach for utilization in the pharmaceutical and food sectors for developing therapeutic treatments. Further metabolomics investigations are required to describe novel postbiotics and clinical trials are also required to define the sufficient dose and optimum administration frequency of postbiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sama Sepordeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Sara Bazzaz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Abbasi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Aslani
- Food Safety and Hygiene Division, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sousan Houshmandi
- Department of Midwifery, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Aziz Homayouni Rad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Chen CM, Wu CC, Kim Y, Hsu WY, Tsai YC, Chiu SL. Enhancing social behavior in an autism spectrum disorder mouse model: investigating the underlying mechanisms of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum intervention. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2359501. [PMID: 38841895 PMCID: PMC11164232 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2359501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting over 1% of the global population. Individuals with ASD often exhibit complex behavioral conditions, including significant social difficulties and repetitive behaviors. Moreover, ASD often co-occurs with several other conditions, including intellectual disabilities and anxiety disorders. The etiology of ASD remains largely unknown owing to its complex genetic variations and associated environmental risks. Ultimately, this poses a fundamental challenge for the development of effective ASD treatment strategies. Previously, we demonstrated that daily supplementation with the probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PS128 (PS128) alleviates ASD symptoms in children. However, the mechanism underlying this improvement in ASD-associated behaviors remains unclear. Here, we used a well-established ASD mouse model, induced by prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA), to study the physiological roles of PS128 in vivo. Overall, we showed that PS128 selectively ameliorates behavioral abnormalities in social and spatial memory in VPA-induced ASD mice. Morphological examination of dendritic architecture further revealed that PS128 facilitated the restoration of dendritic arborization and spine density in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of ASD mice. Notably, PS128 was crucial for restoring oxytocin levels in the paraventricular nucleus and oxytocin receptor signaling in the hippocampus. Moreover, PS128 alters the gut microbiota composition and increases the abundance of Bifidobacterium spp. and PS128-induced changes in Bifidobacterium abundance positively correlated with PS128-induced behavioral improvements. Together, our results show that PS128 treatment can effectively ameliorate ASD-associated behaviors and reinstate oxytocin levels in VPA-induced mice, thereby providing a promising strategy for the future development of ASD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ming Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research and Development Department, Bened Biomedical Co. Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chen Wu
- Research and Development Department, Bened Biomedical Co. Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yebeen Kim
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology and Neuroscience Program of Academia Sinica, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Hsu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology and Neuroscience Program of Academia Sinica, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chieh Tsai
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Chiu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology and Neuroscience Program of Academia Sinica, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Yan Q, Jia S, Li D, Yang J. The role and mechanism of action of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids in neutrophils: From the activation to becoming potential biomarkers. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115821. [PMID: 37952355 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate, have emerged as critical mediators in the communication between the human microbiota and its host. As the first responder to the inflammatory site, neutrophils play an important role in protecting the host against bacterial infections. Recent investigations revealed that SCFAs generated from microbiota influence various neutrophil activities, including activation, migration, and generation of mediators of inflammatory processes. SCFAs have also been demonstrated to exhibit potential therapeutic benefits in a variety of disorders related to neutrophil dysfunction, including inflammatory bowel disease, viral infectious disorders, and cancer. This study aims to examine the molecular processes behind the complicated link between SCFAs and neutrophils, as well as their influence on neutrophil-driven inflammatory disorders. In addition, we will also provide an in-depth review of current research on the diagnostic and therapeutic value of SCFAs as possible biomarkers for neutrophil-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhu Yan
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Shengnan Jia
- Digestive Diseases Center, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Dongfu Li
- Digestive Diseases Center, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
| | - Junling Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
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Danhof HA, Lee J, Thapa A, Britton RA, Di Rienzi SC. Microbial stimulation of oxytocin release from the intestinal epithelium via secretin signaling. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2256043. [PMID: 37698879 PMCID: PMC10498800 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2256043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbes impact the health of the intestine and organs distal to the gut. Limosilactobacillus reuteri is a human intestinal microbe that promotes normal gut transit, the anti-inflammatory immune system, wound healing, normal social behavior in mice, and prevents bone reabsorption. Oxytocin impacts these functions and oxytocin signaling is required for L. reuteri-mediated wound healing and social behavior; however, the events in the gut leading to oxytocin stimulation and beneficial effects are unknown. Here we report evolutionarily conserved oxytocin production in the intestinal epithelium through analysis of single-cell RNA-Seq datasets and imaging of human and mouse intestinal tissues. Moreover, human intestinal organoids produce oxytocin, demonstrating that the intestinal epithelium is sufficient to produce oxytocin. We find that L. reuteri facilitates oxytocin secretion from human intestinal tissue and human intestinal organoids. Finally, we demonstrate that stimulation of oxytocin secretion by L. reuteri is dependent on the gut hormone secretin, which is produced in enteroendocrine cells, while oxytocin itself is produced in enterocytes. Altogether, this work demonstrates that oxytocin is produced and secreted from enterocytes in the intestinal epithelium in response to secretin stimulated by L. reuteri. This work thereby identifies oxytocin as an intestinal hormone and provides mechanistic insight into avenues by which gut microbes promote host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A. Danhof
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jihwan Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aanchal Thapa
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert A. Britton
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sara C. Di Rienzi
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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14
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Lai TT, Liou CW, Tsai YH, Lin YY, Wu WL. Butterflies in the gut: the interplay between intestinal microbiota and stress. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:92. [PMID: 38012609 PMCID: PMC10683179 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00984-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress is a global issue that affects at least one-third of the population worldwide and increases the risk of numerous psychiatric disorders. Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut and its inhabiting microbes may regulate stress and stress-associated behavioral abnormalities. Hence, the objective of this review is to explore the causal relationships between the gut microbiota, stress, and behavior. Dysbiosis of the microbiome after stress exposure indicated microbial adaption to stressors. Strikingly, the hyperactivated stress signaling found in microbiota-deficient rodents can be normalized by microbiota-based treatments, suggesting that gut microbiota can actively modify the stress response. Microbiota can regulate stress response via intestinal glucocorticoids or autonomic nervous system. Several studies suggest that gut bacteria are involved in the direct modulation of steroid synthesis and metabolism. This review provides recent discoveries on the pathways by which gut microbes affect stress signaling and brain circuits and ultimately impact the host's complex behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ting Lai
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Liou
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Tsai
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yuan Lin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Li Wu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
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15
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Varian BJ, Weber KT, Erdman SE. Oxytocin and the microbiome. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2023; 16:100205. [PMID: 38108027 PMCID: PMC10724733 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2023.100205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian host microbiome affects many targets throughout the body, at least in part through an integrated gut-brain-immune axis and neuropeptide hormone oxytocin. It was discovered in animal models that microbial symbionts, such as Lactobacillus reuteri, leverage perinatal niches to promote multigenerational good health and reproductive fitness. While roles for oxytocin were once limited to women, such as giving birth and nurturing offspring, oxytocin is now also proposed to have important roles linking microbial symbionts with overall host fitness and survival throughout the evolutionary journey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard J. Varian
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Katherine T. Weber
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Susan E. Erdman
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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16
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Erdman SE. Brain trust. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2023; 16:100212. [PMID: 38108028 PMCID: PMC10724819 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2023.100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This narrative describes a personal journey that led to the discovery of a profound connection between microbial symbionts and oxytocin. Pivotal oxytocin discoveries began to emerge in 2011 while this researcher's multidisciplinary team explored gut microbial priming of the immune system and perinatal health. Inspired by oxytocin's role in early life events of milk release, neural connections, and social bonding, the team hypothesized a symbiotic relationship between microbes and oxytocin. Scientific experiments demonstrated that specific milk-borne microbes boosted oxytocin levels through a vagus nerve-mediated gut-brain pathway, affecting immune functions and wound healing capacity in the host animal. The exploration then expanded to microbial impacts on reproductive fitness, body weight, and even mental health. Overarching hypotheses envisioned a nurturing symbiosis promoting survival and societal advancement. Ultimately, this oxytocin-mediated partnership between microbes and mammals is portrayed as a harmonious legacy of neurological stability, empathy, and universal wisdom, transcending generations. The author's personal journey underscores the beauty and inspiration found in her scientific exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E. Erdman
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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17
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Pan I, Issac PK, Rahman MM, Guru A, Arockiaraj J. Gut-Brain Axis a Key Player to Control Gut Dysbiosis in Neurological Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03691-3. [PMID: 37851313 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03691-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a chronic neuropathy characterised by the formation of Lewy bodies (misfolded alpha-synuclein) in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra and other parts of the brain. Dopaminergic neurons play a vital role in generating both motor and non-motor symptoms. Finding therapeutic targets for Parkinson's disease (PD) is hindered due to an incomplete understanding of the disease's pathophysiology. Existing evidence suggests that the gut microbiota participates in the pathogenesis of PD via immunological, neuroendocrine, and direct neural mechanisms. Gut microbial dysbiosis triggers the loss of dopaminergic neurons via mitochondrial dysfunction. Gut dysbiosis triggers bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine, which increases the permeability barrier and induces systemic inflammation. It results in excessive stimulation of the innate immune system. In addition to that, activation of enteric neurons and enteric glial cells initiates the aggregation of alpha-synuclein. This alpha-synucleinopathy thus affects all levels of the brain-gut axis, including the central, autonomic, and enteric nervous systems. Though the neurobiological signaling cascade between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system is poorly understood, gut microbial metabolites may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for PD. This article summarises all the known possible ways of bidirectional signal communication, i.e., the "gut-brain axis," where microbes from the middle gut interact with the brain and vice versa, and highlights a unique way to treat neurodegenerative diseases by maintaining homeostasis. The tenth cranial nerve (vagus nerve) plays a significant part in this signal communication. However, the leading regulatory factor for this axis is a diet that helps with microbial colonisation and brain function. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), derived from microbially fermented dietary fibres, link host nutrition to maintain intestinal homeostasis. In addition to that, probiotics modulate cognitive function and the metabolic and behavioural conditions of the body. As technology advances, new techniques will emerge to study the tie-up between gut microbes and neuronal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieshita Pan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India.
| | - Praveen Kumar Issac
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India
| | - Md Mostafizur Rahman
- Laboratory of Environmental Health and Ecotoxicology, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulatur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
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18
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Kong XJ, Kang J, Liu K. Probiotic and intra-nasal oxytocin combination therapy on autonomic function and gut-brain axis signaling in young children and teens with autism spectrum disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 166:1-9. [PMID: 37639877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Autonomic dysfunction has been widely studied in individuals with autism spectral disorder (ASD); however, the autonomic response to probiotic and oxytocin (OT) combination intervention has not yet been explored. We conducted the present study that includes 35 individuals with ASD aged 3-20 years to explore autonomic responses to daily Lactobacillus plantarum probiotic supplementation and OT nasal spray treatment both alone and in combination. We identified significant improvements in autonomic indices from subjects receiving combination treatment relative to those receiving placebo. Parameters that were observed to improve following combination treatment are time domain metrics of heart rate variability (HRV), including the root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats (RMSSD), standard deviation of normal-to-normal R-R intervals (SDNN), and proportion of the number of pairs of adjacent NN intervals that differ by more than 50ms (pNN50, p < 0.05). Furthermore, individuals that received either probiotics or OT alone demonstrated fewer changes in RMSSD, pNN50, and SDNN. Several parameters that demonstrated significant improvements in combination therapy were found to be correlated with baseline levels of OT (LF power: r = -0.86, p = 0.024; mean HR: r = 0.89, p = 0.012). Additionally, Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) raw total scores (mean HR, r = 0.86, p = 0.024) and Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) raw total scores (mean HR r = 0.94, p = 0.017) were correlated with mean heart rate (HR) and HRV-derived parameters. These results provide further evidence of synergy of probiotic and OT combination and help us gain a better understanding of the role of the gut-brain axis in ASD phenotypes and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jun Kong
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jiayi Kang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Liu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
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19
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Cuesta-Marti C, Uhlig F, Muguerza B, Hyland N, Clarke G, Schellekens H. Microbes, oxytocin and stress: Converging players regulating eating behavior. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13243. [PMID: 36872624 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Oxytocin is a peptide-hormone extensively studied for its multifaceted biological functions and has recently gained attention for its role in eating behavior, through its action as an anorexigenic neuropeptide. Moreover, the gut microbiota is involved in oxytocinergic signaling through the brain-gut axis, specifically in the regulation of social behavior. The gut microbiota is also implicated in appetite regulation and is postulated to play a role in central regulation of hedonic eating. In this review, we provide an overview on oxytocin and its individual links with the microbiome, the homeostatic and non-homeostatic regulation of eating behavior as well as social behavior and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cuesta-Marti
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Friederike Uhlig
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Begoña Muguerza
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Niall Hyland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry & Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Harriët Schellekens
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
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20
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Sur D, Agranyoni O, Kirby M, Cohen N, Bagaev A, Karandasheva K, Shmerkin E, Gorobets D, Savita BK, Avneri R, Divon MS, Lax E, Michaelevski I, Pinhasov A. Nurture outpaces nature: fostering with an attentive mother alters social dominance in a mouse model of stress sensitivity. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3816-3828. [PMID: 37845494 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02273-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Maternal care is critical for epigenetic programming during postnatal brain development. Stress is recognized as a critical factor that may affect maternal behavior, yet owing to high heterogeneity in stress response, its impact varies among individuals. We aimed here to understand the connection between inborn stress vulnerability, maternal care, and early epigenetic programming using mouse populations that exhibit opposite poles of the behavioral spectrum (social dominance [Dom] and submissiveness [Sub]) and differential response to stress. In contrast to stress-resilient Dom dams, stress-vulnerable Sub dams exhibit significantly lower maternal attachment, serum oxytocin, and colonic Lactobacillus reuteri populations. Sub offspring showed a reduced hippocampal expression of key methylation genes at postnatal day (PND) 7 and a lack of developmentally-dependent increase in 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) at PND 21. In addition, Sub pups exhibit significant hypermethylation of gene promoters connected with glutamatergic synapses and behavioral responses. We were able to reverse the submissive endophenotype through cross-fostering Sub pups with Dom dams (Sub/D). Thus, Sub/D pups exhibited elevated hippocampal expression of DNMT3A at PND 7 and increased 5-mC levels at PND 21. Furthermore, adult Sub/D offspring exhibited increased sociability, social dominance, and hippocampal glutamate and monoamine levels resembling the neurochemical profile of Dom mice. We postulate that maternal inborn stress vulnerability governs epigenetic patterning sculpted by maternal care and intestinal microbiome diversity during early developmental stages and shapes the array of gene expression patterns that may dictate neuronal architecture with a long-lasting impact on stress sensitivity and the social behavior of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debpali Sur
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ramat HaGolan St 65, 4077625, Ariel, Israel
| | - Oryan Agranyoni
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ramat HaGolan St 65, 4077625, Ariel, Israel
| | - Michael Kirby
- Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Naamah Cohen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ramat HaGolan St 65, 4077625, Ariel, Israel
| | - Anastasia Bagaev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ramat HaGolan St 65, 4077625, Ariel, Israel
| | - Kristina Karandasheva
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ramat HaGolan St 65, 4077625, Ariel, Israel
| | - Elena Shmerkin
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ramat HaGolan St 65, 4077625, Ariel, Israel
| | - Denis Gorobets
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ramat HaGolan St 65, 4077625, Ariel, Israel
| | - Brajesh Kumar Savita
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ramat HaGolan St 65, 4077625, Ariel, Israel
| | - Raphael Avneri
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ramat HaGolan St 65, 4077625, Ariel, Israel
| | - Mali-Salmon Divon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ramat HaGolan St 65, 4077625, Ariel, Israel
- Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Elad Lax
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ramat HaGolan St 65, 4077625, Ariel, Israel
| | - Izhak Michaelevski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ramat HaGolan St 65, 4077625, Ariel, Israel
| | - Albert Pinhasov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ramat HaGolan St 65, 4077625, Ariel, Israel.
- Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
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21
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Xu J, Chen C, Gan S, Liao Y, Fu R, Hou C, Yang S, Zheng Z, Chen W. The Potential Value of Probiotics after Dental Implant Placement. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1845. [PMID: 37513016 PMCID: PMC10383117 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental implantation is currently the optimal solution for tooth loss. However, the health and stability of dental implants have emerged as global public health concerns. Dental implant placement, healing of the surgical site, osseointegration, stability of bone tissues, and prevention of peri-implant diseases are challenges faced in achieving the long-term health and stability of implants. These have been ongoing concerns in the field of oral implantation. Probiotics, as beneficial microorganisms, play a significant role in the body by inhibiting pathogens, promoting bone tissue homeostasis, and facilitating tissue regeneration, modulating immune-inflammatory levels. This review explores the potential of probiotics in addressing post-implantation challenges. We summarize the existing research regarding the importance of probiotics in managing dental implant health and advocate for further research into their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chenfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of General Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuaiqi Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yihan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruijie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chuping Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuhan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenchuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Jinjiang Out-Patient Section, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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22
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Amaral WZ, Lubach GR, Rendina DN, Phillips GJ, Lyte M, Coe CL. Significant Microbial Changes Are Evident in the Reproductive Tract of Pregnant Rhesus Monkeys at Mid-Gestation but Their Gut Microbiome Does Not Shift until Late Gestation. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1481. [PMID: 37374982 PMCID: PMC10304935 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaginal and rectal specimens were obtained from cycling, pregnant, and nursing rhesus monkeys to assess pregnancy-related changes in the commensal bacteria in their reproductive and intestinal tracts. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, significant differences were found only in the vagina at mid-gestation, not in the hindgut. To verify the apparent stability in gut bacterial composition at mid-gestation, the experiment was repeated with additional monkeys, and similar results were found with both 16S rRNA gene amplicon and metagenomic sequencing. A follow-up study investigated if bacterial changes in the hindgut might occur later in pregnancy. Gravid females were assessed closer to term and compared to nonpregnant females. By late pregnancy, significant differences in bacterial composition, including an increased abundance of 4 species of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium adolescentis, were detected, but without a shift in the overall community structure. Progesterone levels were assessed as a possible hormone mediator of bacterial change. The relative abundance of only some taxa (e.g., Bifidobacteriaceae) were specifically associated with progesterone. In summary, pregnancy changes the microbial profiles in monkeys, but the bacterial diversity in their lower reproductive tract is different from women, and the composition of their intestinal symbionts remains stable until late gestation when several Firmicutes become more prominent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriele R. Lubach
- Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA; (G.R.L.); (D.N.R.)
| | - Danielle N. Rendina
- Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA; (G.R.L.); (D.N.R.)
- Health and Biosciences, International Flavors & Fragrances (IFF), Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Gregory J. Phillips
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (G.J.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Mark Lyte
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (G.J.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Christopher L. Coe
- Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA; (G.R.L.); (D.N.R.)
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23
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Inchingolo AM, Patano A, Piras F, Mancini A, Inchingolo AD, Paduanelli G, Inchingolo F, Palermo A, Dipalma G, Malcangi G. Interconnection between Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis and Autism Spectrum Disorder Comparing Therapeutic Options: A Scoping Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1477. [PMID: 37374979 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental illnesses characterized by difficulty in social communication, social interaction, and repetitive behaviors. These clinical diagnostic criteria can be seen in children as early as one year old and are commonly associated with long-term difficulties. ASD is connected with a higher frequency of various medical diseases such as gastrointestinal complaints, seizures, anxiety, interrupted sleep, and immunological dysfunction, in addition to the range of developmental abnormalities listed. METHODS From 1 January 2013 to 28 February 2023, we searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science for English-language papers that matched our topic. The following Boolean keywords were utilized in the search approach: "autism" AND "microbiota". After deleting duplicates, a total of 2370 publications were found from the databases, yielding 1222 articles. (1148). Nine hundred and eighty-eight items were excluded after their titles and abstracts were scrutinized. The method resulted in the removal of 174 items for being off-topic. The final 18 articles for qualitative analysis are included in the evaluation. CONCLUSION The findings of this extensive study revealed that probiotics, prebiotics, their combination as synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and microbiota transfer therapy may benefit ASD patients suffering from both gastrointestinal and central nervous system symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Assunta Patano
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Piras
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Mancini
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Gregorio Paduanelli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Palermo
- Implant Dentistry College of Medicine and Dentistry Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B4 6BN, UK
| | - Gianna Dipalma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Malcangi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
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Kozlakidis Z, Shi P, Abarbanel G, Klein C, Sfera A. Recent Developments in Protein Lactylation in PTSD and CVD: Novel Strategies and Targets. BIOTECH 2023; 12:38. [PMID: 37218755 PMCID: PMC10204439 DOI: 10.3390/biotech12020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1938, Corneille Heymans received the Nobel Prize in physiology for discovering that oxygen sensing in the aortic arch and carotid sinus was mediated by the nervous system. The genetics of this process remained unclear until 1991 when Gregg Semenza while studying erythropoietin, came upon hypoxia-inducible factor 1, for which he obtained the Nobel Prize in 2019. The same year, Yingming Zhao found protein lactylation, a posttranslational modification that can alter the function of hypoxia-inducible factor 1, the master regulator of cellular senescence, a pathology implicated in both post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The genetic correlation between PTSD and CVD has been demonstrated by many studies, of which the most recent one utilizes large-scale genetics to estimate the risk factors for these conditions. This study focuses on the role of hypertension and dysfunctional interleukin 7 in PTSD and CVD, the former caused by stress-induced sympathetic arousal and elevated angiotensin II, while the latter links stress to premature endothelial cell senescence and early vascular aging. This review summarizes the recent developments and highlights several novel PTSD and CVD pharmacological targets. They include lactylation of histone and non-histone proteins, along with the related biomolecular actors such as hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, erythropoietin, acid-sensing ion channels, basigin, and Interleukin 7, as well as strategies to delay premature cellular senescence by telomere lengthening and resetting the epigenetic clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zisis Kozlakidis
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization (IARC/WHO), 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Patricia Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Ganna Abarbanel
- Patton State Hospital, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | | | - Adonis Sfera
- Patton State Hospital, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Russell J, Hunt GE. Oxytocin and eating disorders: Knowledge gaps and future directions. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 154:106290. [PMID: 37178641 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Eating disorders continue to be a major public health issue and important cause of morbidity and premature mortality, particularly for young people. Yet in a concerning dialectic, this occurs in the context of an epidemic of obesity which, with its medical complications, constitutes another vexing public health challenge. While it is not an eating disorder per se obesity is often comorbid with eating disorders. Effective treatment for both eating disorders and obesity has proven to be elusive and in the search for novel therapeutic interventions, the prosocial, anxiolytic, brain plasticity and metabolic effects of oxytocin (OT) have been examined from this perspective. The availability of intranasal oxytocin (IN-OT) has led to a number of interventional treatment studies in anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), their atypical and subclinical forms and in medical and psychiatric conditions co-occurring or comorbid with these, obesity with BED would be included here. The aim of this mini review is to collate recent findings on OT as a novel therapeutic intervention in eating disorders and obesity and to identify and address some of the knowledge gaps in the use of IN-OT. The wider clinical perspective utilised here might better address some of the gaps and identify future directions of research. Clearly much remains to be done for OT to fulfil its therapeutic promise in eating disorders. OT might yet be of therapeutic promise and will be appreciated where treatment advances have been hard to come by and prevention challenging for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice Russell
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Marie Bashir Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Local Area Health Service, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Specialty of Psychiatry, University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - Glenn E Hunt
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Speciality of Psychiatry, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
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Schmitt LM, Smith EG, Pedapati EV, Horn PS, Will M, Lamy M, Barber L, Trebley J, Meyer K, Heiman M, West KHJ, Hughes P, Ahuja S, Erickson CA. Results of a phase Ib study of SB-121, an investigational probiotic formulation, a randomized controlled trial in participants with autism spectrum disorder. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5192. [PMID: 36997569 PMCID: PMC10061375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30909-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by core impairments in social communication as well as restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior and/or interests. Individuals with ASD, which includes about 2% of the US population, have challenges with activities of daily living and suffer from comorbid medical and mental health concerns. There are no drugs indicated for the core impairments of ASD. As such, there is a significant need for the development of new medication strategies for individuals with ASD. This first-in-human placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study investigated the safety (primary objective) and efficacy of oral SB-121, a combination of L. reuteri, Sephadex® (dextran microparticles), and maltose administered once daily for 28 days in 15 autistic participants. SB-121 was safe and well tolerated. SB-121-associated directional improvements in adaptive behavior measured by Vineland-3 and social preference as measured with eye tracking were noted. These results provide support for further clinical evaluation of SB-121 as a treatment in autistic patients. To evaluate the safety and tolerability of multiple doses of SB-121 in subjects with autism spectrum disorder. Single-center, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial. 15 patients with autism spectrum disorder were randomized and analyzed. Daily dosing of SB-121 or placebo for 28 days, followed by approximately a 14 day washout, then 28 days of dosing with other treatment. Incidence and severity of adverse events, presence of Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Sephadex® in stool, and incidence of bacteremia with positive L. reuteri identification. Additional outcomes include changes from baseline on cognitive and behavior tests as well as biomarker levels. Adverse event rates were similar between SB-121 and placebo, with most reported as mild. There were no severe or serious adverse events. No participants had features of suspected bacteremia or notable changes in vital signs, safety laboratory, or ECG parameters from baseline. There was a statistically significant increase from baseline in the Vineland-3 Adaptive Behavior Composite score (p = 0.03) during SB-121 treatment. There was a trend for increased social/geometric viewing ratio following SB-121 treatment compared to placebo. SB-121 was safe and well tolerated. SB-121-associated directional improvements in adaptive behavior measured by Vineland-3 and social preference as measured with eye tracking were noted.Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT04944901.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Schmitt
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Smith
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ernest V Pedapati
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Paul S Horn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Meredith Will
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Martine Lamy
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lillian Barber
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joe Trebley
- Scioto Biosciences, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kevin Meyer
- Scioto Biosciences, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mark Heiman
- Scioto Biosciences, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Craig A Erickson
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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27
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Danhof HA, Lee J, Thapa A, Britton RA, Di Rienzi SC. Microbial stimulation of oxytocin release from the intestinal epithelium via secretin signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.09.531917. [PMID: 36945649 PMCID: PMC10028957 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.09.531917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal microbes impact the health of the intestine and organs distal to the gut. Limosilactobacillus reuteri is a human intestinal microbe that promotes normal gut transit 1 , the anti-inflammatory immune system 2-4 , wound healing 5-7 , normal social behavior in mice 8-10 , and prevents bone reabsorption 11-17 . Each of these functions is impacted by oxytocin 18-22 , and oxytocin signaling is required for L. reuteri- mediated wound healing 5 and social behavior 9 ; however, the initiating events in the gut that lead to oxytocin stimulation and related beneficial functions remain unknown. Here we found evolutionarily conserved oxytocin production in the intestinal epithelium through analysis of single-cell RNA-Seq datasets and imaging of human and mouse intestinal tissues. Moreover, human intestinal organoids produce oxytocin, demonstrating that the intestinal epithelium is sufficient to produce oxytocin. We subsequently found that L. reuteri facilitates oxytocin secretion directly from human intestinal tissue and human intestinal organoids. Finally, we demonstrate that stimulation of oxytocin secretion by L. reuteri is dependent on the gut hormone secretin, which is produced in enteroendocrine cells 23 , while oxytocin itself is produced in enterocytes. Altogether, this work demonstrates that oxytocin is produced and secreted from enterocytes in the intestinal epithelium in response to secretin stimulated by L. reuteri . This work thereby identifies oxytocin as an intestinal hormone and provides mechanistic insight into avenues by which gut microbes promote host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A. Danhof
- Department of Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jihwan Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Aanchal Thapa
- Department of Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert A. Britton
- Department of Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sara C. Di Rienzi
- Department of Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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28
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Zhou K, Xie J, Su Y, Fang J. Lactobacillus reuteri for chronic periodontitis: focus on underlying mechanisms and future perspectives. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-28. [PMID: 36856460 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2183617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic periodontitis is a common oral disorder caused by pathogenic bacteria. Despite the wide use of antibiotics as the conventional adjunctive treatment, the challenges of increased antibiotic resistance and limited therapeutic effect receive considerable attention and the developments of alternative treatments gain increasing consideration. Growing evidence showed that Lactobacillus reuteri (LR) may represent a promising alternative adjunct for chronic periodontitis. It can attenuate inflammation and reduce tissue disruption. LR-assisted treatment has been shown to be effective and relatively safe in multiple clinical trials, and accumulating evidence suggests its significant biological roles. In the current review, we focus on capturing the underlying mechanisms of LR involved in chronic periodontitis, thereby representing a scientific foundation for LR-assisted therapy. Furthermore, we point out the challenges and future directions for further clinical trials to improve the clinical applicability for LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyi Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiaman Xie
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yuan Su
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jingxian Fang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
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29
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Jing N, Liu F, Wang R, Zhang Y, Yang J, Hou Y, Zhang H, Xie Y, Liu H, Ge S, Jin J. Both live and heat-killed Bifidobacterium animalis J-12 alleviated oral ulcers in LVG golden Syrian hamsters by gavage by directly intervening in the intestinal flora structure. Food Funct 2023; 14:2045-2058. [PMID: 36723265 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03751c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Live and heat-killed Bifidobacterium has been proven to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In this study, we evaluated the effects of live and heat-killed Bifidobacterium animalis J-12 (J-12) on the oral ulceration of LVG golden Syrian hamsters after buccal membrane injection with methyl viologen dichloride. Results showed that interleukin-1β, glutathione, and malondialdehyde in serum were downregulated by the gavage of live and heat-killed J-12 bacteria. The J-12 live and heat-killed bacteria can reduce the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 by reducing the expression of nuclear factor kappa-B, thus reducing the expression of anti-inflammatory factors lipoxin A4 and prostaglandin E2. Reducing the expression of caspase-3 and adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase resulted in a reduction of ulcer tissue DNA damage. In addition, regulating the structure of the intestinal flora prevented the process of oral ulcer formation. This study shows that J-12 can reduce the risk of oral ulcer formation while also having a positive effect on inhibiting existing oral ulcer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanqing Jing
- Key Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Fudong Liu
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, China.,Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yubing Hou
- Key Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Key Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Yuanhong Xie
- Key Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Shaoyang Ge
- BEIJING HEYIYUAN BIOTECHNOLOGY Co, Ltd., Beijing 100088, China
| | - Junhua Jin
- Key Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products, Beijing 102206, China.
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Donovan M, Mackey CS, Lynch MDJ, Platt GN, Brown AN, Washburn BK, Trickey DJ, Curtis JT, Liu Y, Charles TC, Wang Z, Jones KM. Limosilactobacillus reuteri administration alters the gut-brain-behavior axis in a sex-dependent manner in socially monogamous prairie voles. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1015666. [PMID: 36846764 PMCID: PMC9945313 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1015666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on the role of gut microbiota in behavior has grown dramatically. The probiotic L. reuteri can alter social and stress-related behaviors - yet, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Although traditional laboratory rodents provide a foundation for examining the role of L. reuteri on the gut-brain axis, they do not naturally display a wide variety of social behaviors. Using the highly-social, monogamous prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster), we examined the effects of L. reuteri administration on behaviors, neurochemical marker expression, and gut-microbiome composition. Females, but not males, treated with live L. reuteri displayed lower levels of social affiliation compared to those treated with heat-killed L. reuteri. Overall, females displayed a lower level of anxiety-like behaviors than males. Live L. reuteri-treated females had lower expression of corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) and CRF type-2-receptor in the nucleus accumbens, and lower vasopressin 1a-receptor in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), but increased CRF in the PVN. There were both baseline sex differences and sex-by-treatment differences in gut microbiome composition. Live L. reuteri increased the abundance of several taxa, including Enterobacteriaceae, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136, and Treponema. Interestingly, heat-killed L. reuteri increased abundance of the beneficial taxa Bifidobacteriaceae and Blautia. There were significant correlations between changes in microbiota, brain neurochemical markers, and behaviors. Our data indicate that L. reuteri impacts gut microbiota, gut-brain axis and behaviors in a sex-specific manner in socially-monogamous prairie voles. This demonstrates the utility of the prairie vole model for further examining causal impacts of microbiome on brain and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Donovan
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Calvin S. Mackey
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Michael D. J. Lynch
- Metagenom Bio Life Science Inc, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Grayson N. Platt
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Amber N. Brown
- Department of Biological Science Core Facilities, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Brian K. Washburn
- Department of Biological Science Core Facilities, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Darryl J. Trickey
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - J. Thomas Curtis
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Trevor C. Charles
- Metagenom Bio Life Science Inc, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Zuoxin Wang
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Kathryn M. Jones
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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Lu J, Fan X, Lu L, Yu Y, Markiewicz E, Little JC, Sidebottom AM, Claud EC. Limosilactobacillus reuteri normalizes blood-brain barrier dysfunction and neurodevelopment deficits associated with prenatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2178800. [PMID: 36799469 PMCID: PMC9980478 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2178800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal immune activation (MIA) derived from late gestational infection such as seen in chorioamnionitis poses a significantly increased risk for neurodevelopmental deficits in the offspring. Manipulating early microbiota through maternal probiotic supplementation has been shown to be an effective means to improve outcomes; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that MIA modeled by exposing pregnant dams to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced an underdevelopment of the blood vessels, an increase in permeability and astrogliosis of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) at prewean age. The BBB developmental and functional deficits early in life impaired spatial learning later in life. Maternal Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) supplementation starting at birth rescued the BBB underdevelopment and dysfunction-associated cognitive function. Maternal L. reuteri-mediated alterations in β-diversity of the microbial community and metabolic responses in the offspring provide mechanisms and potential targets for promoting BBB integrity and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiaobing Fan
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Laboratory, The University of Chicago, Department of Radiology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lei Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yueyue Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erica Markiewicz
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Laboratory, The University of Chicago, Department of Radiology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jessica C. Little
- Duchossois Family Institute, The University of Chicago, Host-Microbe Metabolomics Facility, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ashley M. Sidebottom
- Duchossois Family Institute, The University of Chicago, Host-Microbe Metabolomics Facility, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erika C. Claud
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Zhong Y, Wang T, Luo R, Liu J, Jin R, Peng X. Recent advances and potentiality of postbiotics in the food industry: Composition, inactivation methods, current applications in metabolic syndrome, and future trends. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5768-5792. [PMID: 36537328 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2158174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Postbiotics are defined as "preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confers a health benefit on the host". Postbiotics have unique advantages over probiotics, such as stability, safety, and wide application. Although postbiotics are research hotspots, the research on them is still very limited. This review provides comprehensive information on the scope of postbiotics, the preparation methods of inanimate microorganisms, and the application and mechanisms of postbiotics in metabolic syndrome (MetS). Furthermore, the application trends of postbiotics in the food industry are reviewed. It was found that postbiotics mainly include inactivated microorganisms, microbial lysates, cell components, and metabolites. Thermal treatments are the main methods to prepare inanimate microorganisms as postbiotics, while non-thermal treatments, such as ionizing radiation, ultraviolet light, ultrasound, and supercritical CO2, show great potential in postbiotic preparation. Postbiotics could ameliorate MetS through multiple pathways including the modulation of gut microbiota, the enhancement of intestinal barrier, the regulation of inflammation and immunity, and the modulation of hormone homeostasis. Additionally, postbiotics have great potential in the food industry as functional food supplements, food quality improvers, and food preservatives. In addition, the SWOT analyses showed that the development of postbiotics in the food industry exists both opportunities and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Ruilin Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruyi Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoli Peng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Chunduri A, Reddy SDM, Jahanavi M, Reddy CN. Gut-Brain Axis, Neurodegeneration and Mental Health: A Personalized Medicine Perspective. Indian J Microbiol 2022; 62:505-515. [PMID: 36458229 PMCID: PMC9705676 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-022-01033-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases and mental health disorders are a result of multifactorial underpinnings, leading to individual-based complex phenotypes. Demystification of these multifactorial connections will promote disease diagnosis and treatment. Personalized treatment rather than a one-size-fits-all approach would enable us to cater to the unmet healthcare needs based on protein-protein and gene-environment interactions. Gut-brain axis, as the name suggests, is a two-way biochemical communication pathway between the central nervous system (CNS) and enteric nervous system (ENS), enabling a mutual influence between brain and peripheral intestinal functions. The gut microbiota is a major component of this bidirectional communication, the composition of which is varied depending on the age, and disease conditions, among other factors. Gut microbiota profile is typically unique and personalized therapeutic intervention can aid in treating or delaying neurodegeneration and mental health conditions. Besides, research on the gut microbial influence on these conditions is gaining attention, and a better understanding of this concept can lead to identification of novel targeted therapies. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Chunduri
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana 500075 India
| | - S. Deepak Mohan Reddy
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana 500075 India
| | - M. Jahanavi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana 500075 India
| | - C. Nagendranatha Reddy
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana 500075 India
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The live biotherapeutic Blautia stercoris MRx0006 attenuates social deficits, repetitive behaviour, and anxiety-like behaviour in a mouse model relevant to autism. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 106:115-126. [PMID: 35995237 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by deficits in social behaviour, increased repetitive behaviour, anxiety and gastrointestinal symptoms. The aetiology of ASD is complex and involves an interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Emerging pre-clinical and clinical studies have documented a potential role for the gut microbiome in ASD, and consequently, the microbiota represents a potential target in the development of novel therapeutics for this neurodevelopmental disorder. In this study, we investigate the efficacy of the live biotherapeutic strain, Blautia stercoris MRx0006, in attenuating some of the behavioural deficits in the autism-relevant, genetic mouse model, BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J (BTBR). We demonstrate that daily oral administration with MRx0006 attenuates social deficits while also decreasing repetitive and anxiety-like behaviour. MRx0006 administration increases the gene expression of oxytocin and its receptor in hypothalamic cells in vitro and increases the expression of hypothalamic arginine vasopressin and oxytocin mRNA in BTBR mice. Additionally at the microbiome level, we observed that MRx0006 administration decreases the abundance of Alistipes putredinis, and modulates the faecal microbial metabolite profile. This alteration in the metabolite profile possibly underlies the observed increase in expression of oxytocin, arginine vasopressin and its receptors, and the consequent improvements in behavioural outcomes. Taken together, these findings suggest that the live biotherapeutic MRx0006 may represent a viable and efficacious treatment option for the management of physiological and behavioural deficits associated with ASD.
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Bruckner JJ, Stednitz SJ, Grice MZ, Zaidan D, Massaquoi MS, Larsch J, Tallafuss A, Guillemin K, Washbourne P, Eisen JS. The microbiota promotes social behavior by modulating microglial remodeling of forebrain neurons. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001838. [PMID: 36318534 PMCID: PMC9624426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-associated microbiotas guide the trajectory of developmental programs, and altered microbiota composition is linked to neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism spectrum disorder. Recent work suggests that microbiotas modulate behavioral phenotypes associated with these disorders. We discovered that the zebrafish microbiota is required for normal social behavior and reveal a molecular pathway linking the microbiota, microglial remodeling of neural circuits, and social behavior in this experimentally tractable model vertebrate. Examining neuronal correlates of behavior, we found that the microbiota restrains neurite complexity and targeting of forebrain neurons required for normal social behavior and is necessary for localization of forebrain microglia, brain-resident phagocytes that remodel neuronal arbors. The microbiota also influences microglial molecular functions, including promoting expression of the complement signaling pathway and the synaptic remodeling factor c1q. Several distinct bacterial taxa are individually sufficient for normal microglial and neuronal phenotypes, suggesting that host neuroimmune development is sensitive to a feature common among many bacteria. Our results demonstrate that the microbiota influences zebrafish social behavior by stimulating microglial remodeling of forebrain circuits during early neurodevelopment and suggest pathways for new interventions in multiple neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J. Bruckner
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Sarah J. Stednitz
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Max Z. Grice
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Dana Zaidan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Michelle S. Massaquoi
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Johannes Larsch
- Department Genes-Circuits-Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Alexandra Tallafuss
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Karen Guillemin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
- Humans and the Microbiome Program, CIFAR, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip Washbourne
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Judith S. Eisen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
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Ho HH, Chen CW, Yi TH, Huang YF, Kuo YW, Lin JH, Chen JF, Tsai SY, Chan LP, Liang CH. Novel application of a Co-Fermented postbiotics of TYCA06/AP-32/CP-9/collagen in the improvement of acne vulgaris-A randomized clinical study of efficacy evaluation. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:6249-6260. [PMID: 35818134 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. If skin lesions are not treated well in time, they can leave a permanent impact on the appearance and a negative influence on personal confidence. The common therapy for acne symptom includes antibiotics, benzoyl peroxide, and azeleic acid. However, those medications have side effects, and the long-term use should be cautious. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a safe and effective material, which is more suitable for daily use. OBJECTIVE Collagen was selected to co-ferment with three probiotic strains TYCA06/AP-32/CP-9 (TAC) due to its excellent feature on wound healing. The fermented material was added into cosmetic gel and applied on subjects' acne lesions. The antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and anti-inflammation effect around lesion area were investigated in a 4-week clinical study. MATERIAL AND METHODS An anti-P. acnes assay, a keratinocytes HaCaT cell-based wound healing assay, and a cytokine assay on thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and interleukin (IL)-33 were used to evaluate the function of the fermented material in vitro. The TAC/Collagen formula was further incorporated into a cosmetic gel, and the human clinical trial was carried out by applying this gel on 20 volunteers' face with acne vulgaris. The moisture score, sebum content, inflammation, porphyrins numbers, and brown spot number of whole face were observed and recorded. RESULTS The postbiotics of the TAC/Collagen displayed a good growth inhibition against P. acnes and reduced TSLP and IL-33 inflammation in vitro. This TAC/Collagen formula enhanced the wound healing in HaCaT cell culture. The result of the clinical trial showed the TAC/Collagen gel improved the moisture score and inflammation index of the skin in vivo. In addition, this TAC/Collagen gel also improved the wound healing of acne symptom in volunteers with acne vulgaris. Moreover, this TAC/Collagen gel reduced the number of the porphyrins and brown spots on facial skin. CONCLUSION These postbiotics of TAC/Collagen have beneficial effects on skin health and are able to ameliorate the redness, inflammation, and acne symptom in acne vulgaris patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yi-Wei Kuo
- Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Leong-Perng Chan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Liang
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Institute of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
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Carrico AW, Cherenack EM, Rubin LH, McIntosh R, Ghanooni D, Chavez JV, Klatt NR, Paul RH. Through the Looking-Glass: Psychoneuroimmunology and the Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis in the Modern Antiretroviral Therapy Era. Psychosom Med 2022; 84:984-994. [PMID: 36044613 PMCID: PMC9553251 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression, substance use disorders, and other neuropsychiatric comorbidities are common in people with HIV (PWH), but the underlying mechanisms are not sufficiently understood. HIV-induced damage to the gastrointestinal tract potentiates residual immune dysregulation in PWH receiving effective antiretroviral therapy. However, few studies among PWH have examined the relevance of microbiome-gut-brain axis: bidirectional crosstalk between the gastrointestinal tract, immune system, and central nervous system. METHODS A narrative review was conducted to integrate findings from 159 articles relevant to psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) and microbiome-gut-brain axis research in PWH. RESULTS Early PNI studies demonstrated that neuroendocrine signaling via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system could partially account for the associations of psychological factors with clinical HIV progression. This review highlights the need for PNI studies examining the mechanistic relevance of the gut microbiota for residual immune dysregulation, tryptophan catabolism, and oxytocin release as key biological determinants of neuropsychiatric comorbidities in PWH (i.e., body-to-mind pathways). It also underscores the continued relevance of neuroendocrine signaling via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, autonomic nervous system, and oxytocin release in modifying microbiome-gut-brain axis functioning (i.e., mind-to-body pathways). CONCLUSIONS Advancing our understanding of PNI and microbiome-gut-brain axis pathways relevant to depression, substance use disorders, and other neuropsychiatric comorbidities in PWH can guide the development of novel biobehavioral interventions to optimize health outcomes. Recommendations are provided for biobehavioral and neurobehavioral research investigating bidirectional PNI and microbiome-gut-brain axis pathways among PWH in the modern antiretroviral therapy era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Carrico
- From the Department of Public Health Sciences (Carrico, Cherenack, Ghanooni, Chavez), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Departments of Neurology (Rubin) and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Rubin), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Epidemiology (Rubin), Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Psychology (McIntosh), University of Miami College of Arts and Sciences, Coral Gables, Florida; Department of Surgery (Klatt), University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Department of Psychological Sciences (Paul), University of Missouri St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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Aggarwal S, Sabharwal V, Kaushik P, Joshi A, Aayushi A, Suri M. Postbiotics: From emerging concept to application. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.887642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome innovation has resulted in an umbrella term, postbiotics, which refers to non-viable microbial cells, metabolic byproducts and their microbial components released after lysis. Postbiotics, modulate immune response, gene expression, inhibit pathogen binding, maintain intestinal barriers, help in controlling carcinogenesis and pathogen infections. Postbiotics have antimicrobial, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties with favorable physiological, immunological, neuro-hormonal, regulatory and metabolic reactions. Consumption of postbiotics relieves symptoms of various diseases and viral infections such as SARS-CoV-2. Postbiotics can act as alternatives for pre-probiotic specially in immunosuppressed patients, children and premature neonates. Postbiotics are used to preserve and enhance nutritional properties of food, elimination of biofilms and skin conditioning in cosmetics. Postbiotics have numerous advantages over live bacteria with no risk of bacterial translocation from the gut to blood, acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes. The process of extraction, standardization, transport, and storage of postbiotic is more natural. Bioengineering techniques such as fermentation technology, high pressure etc., may be used for the synthesis of different postbiotics. Safety assessment and quality assurance of postbiotic is important as they may induce stomach discomfort, sepsis and/or toxic shock. Postbiotics are still in their infancy compared to pre- and pro- biotics but future research in this field may contribute to improved physiological functions and host health. The current review comprehensively summarizes new frontiers of research in postbiotics.
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Maternal Microbiota Modulate a Fragile X-like Syndrome in Offspring Mice. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081409. [PMID: 36011319 PMCID: PMC9407566 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal microbial dysbiosis has been implicated in adverse postnatal health conditions in offspring, such as obesity, cancer, and neurological disorders. We observed that the progeny of mice fed a Westernized diet (WD) with low fiber and extra fat exhibited higher frequencies of stereotypy, hyperactivity, cranial features and lower FMRP protein expression, similar to what is typically observed in Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) in humans. We hypothesized that gut dysbiosis and inflammation during pregnancy influenced the prenatal uterine environment, leading to abnormal phenotypes in offspring. We found that oral in utero supplementation with a beneficial anti-inflammatory probiotic microbe, Lactobacillus reuteri, was sufficient to inhibit FXS-like phenotypes in offspring mice. Cytokine profiles in the pregnant WD females showed that their circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (Il)-17 were increased relative to matched gravid mice and to those given supplementary L. reuteri probiotic. To test our hypothesis of prenatal contributions to this neurodevelopmental phenotype, we performed Caesarian (C-section) births using dissimilar foster mothers to eliminate effects of maternal microbiota transferred during vaginal delivery or nursing after birth. We found that foster-reared offspring still displayed a high frequency of these FXS-like features, indicating significant in utero contributions. In contrast, matched foster-reared progeny of L. reuteri-treated mothers did not exhibit the FXS-like typical features, supporting a key role for microbiota during pregnancy. Our findings suggest that diet-induced dysbiosis in the prenatal uterine environment is strongly associated with the incidence of this neurological phenotype in progeny but can be alleviated by addressing gut dysbiosis through probiotic supplementation.
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Tzikos G, Tsalkatidou D, Stavrou G, Thoma G, Chorti A, Tsilika M, Michalopoulos A, Papavramidis T, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Kotzampassi K. A Four-Probiotic Regime to Reduce Surgical Site Infections in Multi-Trauma Patients. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132620. [PMID: 35807801 PMCID: PMC9268677 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigations that focused on the protective role of probiotics against Surgical Site Infections (SSI) in multiple-trauma (MT) patients are generally few, probably due to the complexity of the concept of trauma. We aimed to assess the efficacy of a four-probiotic regime to reduce the incidence of SSI in MT patients, with a brain injury included. MT patients, being intubated and expected to require mechanical ventilation for >10 days, were randomly allocated into placebo (n = 50) or probiotic treatment (n = 53) comprising Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 (1.75 × 109 cfu), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum UBLP-40 (0.5 × 109 cfu), Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 (1.75 × 109 cfu), and Saccharomycesboulardii Unique-28 (1.5 × 109 cfu) in sachets. All patients received two sachets of placebo or probiotics twice/day for 15 days and were followed-up for 30 days. The operations were classified as neurosurgical, thoracostomies, laparotomies, orthopedics, and others; then, the SSI and the isolated pathogen were registered. A total of 23 (46.0%) and 13 (24.5%) infectious insults in 89 (50 placebo patients) and 88 (53 probiotics-treated) operations (p = 0.022) were recorded, the majority of them relating to osteosynthesis—17 and 8, respectively. The most commonly identified pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii. Our results support published evidence that the prophylactic administration of probiotics in MT patients exerts a positive effect on the incidence of SSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tzikos
- 1st Propedeutic Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.T.); (D.T.); (A.C.); (A.M.); (T.P.)
| | - Despoina Tsalkatidou
- 1st Propedeutic Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.T.); (D.T.); (A.C.); (A.M.); (T.P.)
| | - George Stavrou
- Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Leeds Institute of Emergency General Surgery, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS97LS, UK
| | - Giannoula Thoma
- Intensive Care Unit, Aghios Pavlos General Hospital, 55134 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Angeliki Chorti
- 1st Propedeutic Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.T.); (D.T.); (A.C.); (A.M.); (T.P.)
| | - Maria Tsilika
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, 12462 Athens, Greece; (M.T.); (E.J.G.-B.)
| | - Antonios Michalopoulos
- 1st Propedeutic Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.T.); (D.T.); (A.C.); (A.M.); (T.P.)
| | - Theodosios Papavramidis
- 1st Propedeutic Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.T.); (D.T.); (A.C.); (A.M.); (T.P.)
| | - Evangelos J. Giamarellos-Bourboulis
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, 12462 Athens, Greece; (M.T.); (E.J.G.-B.)
| | - Katerina Kotzampassi
- Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Correspondence:
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Antibiotic Treatment during Pregnancy Alters Offspring Gut Microbiota in a Sex-Dependent Manner. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051042. [PMID: 35625778 PMCID: PMC9138679 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of antibiotics administered to pregnant dams on offspring gut microbiome composition and metabolic capabilities, and how these changes in the microbiota may influence their immune responses in both the periphery and the brain. We orally administered a broad-spectrum antibiotic (ABX) cocktail consisting of vancomycin 0.5 mg/mL, ampicillin 1 mg/mL, and neomycin 1 mg/mL to pregnant dams during late gestation through birth. Bacterial DNA was extracted from offspring fecal samples, and 16S ribosomal RNA gene was sequenced by Illumina, followed by analysis of gut microbiota composition and PICRUSt prediction. Serum and brain tissue cytokine levels were analyzed by Luminex. Our results indicate that the ABX-cocktail led to significant diversity and taxonomic changes to the offspring's gut microbiome. In addition, the predicted KEGG and MetaCyc pathways were significantly altered in the offspring. Finally, there were decreased innate inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and interleukin (IL)-17 seen in the brains of ABX-cocktail offspring in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) immune challenge. Our results suggest that maternal ABX can produce long-lasting effects on the gut microbiome and neuroimmune responses of offspring. These findings support the role of the early microbiome in the development of offspring gastrointestinal and immune systems.
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Liu K, Kong XJ. Altered Salivary Microbiota Following Bifidobacterium animalis Subsp. Lactis BL-11 Supplementation Are Associated with Anthropometric Growth and Social Behavior Severity in Individuals with Prader-Willi Syndrome. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:699-711. [PMID: 35474569 PMCID: PMC9246814 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09938-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the influence of oral probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (BL-11) supplementation on salivary microbiota composition and the association with growth parameters, and behavioral symptoms in individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). In this post hoc analysis, we included a subset of 36 PWS patients with available saliva samples from our original randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1900022646, April 20, 2019). Among the 36 subjects, 17 subjects were allocated to the probiotic group for daily use of the BL-11 probiotic and 19 subjects were allocated to the placebo group. Groupwise and longitudinal differences in salivary microbiota abundances, biodiversity metrics, and height were analyzed. Linear correlations were found between identified differentially abundant salivary microbiota and clinical parameters. Salivary microbiome α-diversity was found to be higher in the probiotic-treated group at week 12 relative to placebo controls (P < 0.05). Leptotrichia, Paracoccus, and Faecalibacterium were found to be more abundant in the probiotic-treated group (P < 0.05). Salivary microbiota abundance and predicted functional profiling abundance correlations were found to be associated with anti-inflammation, anti-obesity, toxin degradation, and anti-oxidative injury effects (Q < 0.1). Several oral taxa also displayed correlations with social behavior severity scores in the probiotic-treated group (Q < 0.1). The findings suggest novel salivary microbiota compositional changes in response to the oral supplementation of BL-11 probiotic in individuals with PWS. The observed differentially abundant taxa between groups post-treatment were highly correlated with interventional effects on growth and social behaviors, although further investigation is warranted. Clinical Trial Registration The original clinical trial was registered under the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry with registration number ChiCTR1900022646 (April 20, 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Liu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Xue-Jun Kong
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Boston, MA, 02129, USA. .,Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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Hebbandi Nanjundappa R, Sokke Umeshappa C, Geuking MB. The impact of the gut microbiota on T cell ontogeny in the thymus. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:221. [PMID: 35377005 PMCID: PMC11072498 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04252-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is critical for the development of gut-associated lymphoid tissues, including Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes, and is instrumental in educating the local as well as systemic immune system. In addition, it also impacts the development and function of peripheral organs, such as liver, lung, and the brain, in health and disease. However, whether and how the intestinal microbiota has an impact on T cell ontogeny in the hymus remains largely unclear. Recently, the impact of molecules and metabolites derived from the intestinal microbiota on T cell ontogeny in the thymus has been investigated in more detail. In this review, we will discuss the recent findings in the emerging field of the gut-thymus axis and we will highlight the current questions and challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopa Hebbandi Nanjundappa
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Research Center, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Channakeshava Sokke Umeshappa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Research Center, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Markus B Geuking
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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Utilizing Genomically Targeted Molecular Data to Improve Patient-Specific Outcomes in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042167. [PMID: 35216282 PMCID: PMC8879068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular biology combined with genomics can be a powerful tool for developing potential intervention strategies for improving outcomes in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Monogenic etiologies rarely cause autism. Instead, ASD is more frequently due to many polygenic contributing factors interacting with each other, combined with the epigenetic effects of diet, lifestyle, and environment. One limitation of genomics has been identifying ways of responding to each identified gene variant to translate the information to something clinically useful. This paper will illustrate how understanding the function of a gene and the effects of a reported variant on a molecular level can be used to develop actionable and targeted potential interventions for a gene variant or combinations of variants. For illustrative purposes, this communication highlights a specific genomic variant, SHANK3. The steps involved in developing molecularly genomically targeted actionable interventions will be demonstrated. Cases will be shared to support the efficacy of this strategy and to show how clinicians utilized these targeted interventions to improve ASD-related symptoms significantly. The presented approach demonstrates the utility of genomics as a part of clinical decision-making.
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Natochin YV, Orlova OG, Rybalchenko OV, Shakhmatova EI. Vasopressin and Oxytocin Secretion by Microorganisms. Microbiology (Reading) 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261721060102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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46
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Ortega MA, Alvarez-Mon MA, García-Montero C, Fraile-Martinez O, Guijarro LG, Lahera G, Monserrat J, Valls P, Mora F, Rodríguez-Jiménez R, Quintero J, Álvarez-Mon M. Gut Microbiota Metabolites in Major Depressive Disorder-Deep Insights into Their Pathophysiological Role and Potential Translational Applications. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12010050. [PMID: 35050172 PMCID: PMC8778125 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a complex and dynamic ecosystem essential for the proper functioning of the organism, affecting the health and disease status of the individuals. There is continuous and bidirectional communication between gut microbiota and the host, conforming to a unique entity known as "holobiont". Among these crosstalk mechanisms, the gut microbiota synthesizes a broad spectrum of bioactive compounds or metabolites which exert pleiotropic effects on the human organism. Many of these microbial metabolites can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or have significant effects on the brain, playing a key role in the so-called microbiota-gut-brain axis. An altered microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis is a major characteristic of many neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). Significative differences between gut eubiosis and dysbiosis in mental disorders like MDD with their different metabolite composition and concentrations are being discussed. In the present review, the main microbial metabolites (short-chain fatty acids -SCFAs-, bile acids, amino acids, tryptophan -trp- derivatives, and more), their signaling pathways and functions will be summarized to explain part of MDD pathophysiology. Conclusions from promising translational approaches related to microbial metabolome will be addressed in more depth to discuss their possible clinical value in the management of MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (P.V.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (P.V.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (F.M.); (J.Q.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (P.V.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (P.V.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Luis G. Guijarro
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (CIBEREHD), Department of System Biology, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Guillermo Lahera
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (P.V.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Psychiatry Service, Center for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (P.V.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Paula Valls
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (P.V.); (M.Á.-M.)
| | - Fernando Mora
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (F.M.); (J.Q.)
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Roberto Rodríguez-Jiménez
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Institute for Health Research 12 de Octubre Hospital, (Imas 12)/CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Quintero
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (F.M.); (J.Q.)
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (P.V.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, (CIBEREHD), 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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Mehdi SF, Pusapati S, Khenhrani RR, Farooqi MS, Sarwar S, Alnasarat A, Mathur N, Metz CN, LeRoith D, Tracey KJ, Yang H, Brownstein MJ, Roth J. Oxytocin and Related Peptide Hormones: Candidate Anti-Inflammatory Therapy in Early Stages of Sepsis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:864007. [PMID: 35572539 PMCID: PMC9102389 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a potentially life-threatening systemic inflammatory syndrome characterized by dysregulated host immunological responses to infection. Uncontrolled immune cell activation and exponential elevation in circulating cytokines can lead to sepsis, septic shock, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and death. Sepsis is associated with high re-hospitalization and recovery may be incomplete, with long term sequelae including post-sepsis syndrome. Consequently, sepsis continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality across the world. In our recent review of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), we noted that its major properties including promotion of fertility, parturition, and lactation were described over a century ago. By contrast, the anti-inflammatory properties of this hormone have been recognized only more recently. Vasopressin, a hormone best known for its anti-diuretic effect, also has anti-inflammatory actions. Surprisingly, vasopressin's close cousin, oxytocin, has broader and more potent anti-inflammatory effects than vasopressin and a larger number of pre-clinical studies supporting its potential role in limiting sepsis-associated organ damage. This review explores possible links between oxytocin and related octapeptide hormones and sepsis-related modulation of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Faizan Mehdi
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research/Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Suma Pusapati
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research/Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Raja Ram Khenhrani
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research/Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Muhammad Saad Farooqi
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research/Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Sobia Sarwar
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research/Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Ahmad Alnasarat
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research/Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Nimisha Mathur
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research/Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Christine Noel Metz
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research/Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Derek LeRoith
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kevin J. Tracey
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research/Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Huan Yang
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research/Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | | | - Jesse Roth
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research/Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Jesse Roth,
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Scarpellini E, Rinninella E, Basilico M, Colomier E, Rasetti C, Larussa T, Santori P, Abenavoli L. From Pre- and Probiotics to Post-Biotics: A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:37. [PMID: 35010297 PMCID: PMC8750841 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS gut microbiota (GM) is a complex ecosystem containing bacteria, viruses, fungi, and yeasts. It has several functions in the human body ranging from immunomodulation to metabolic. GM derangement is called dysbiosis and is involved in several host diseases. Pre-, probiotics, and symbiotics (PRE-PRO-SYMB) have been extensively developed and studied for GM re-modulation. Herein, we review the literature data regarding the new concept of postbiotics, starting from PRE-PRO-SYMB. METHODS we conducted a search on the main medical databases for original articles, reviews, meta-analyses, randomized clinical trials, and case series using the following keywords and acronyms and their associations: gut microbiota, prebiotics, probiotics, symbiotic, and postbiotics. RESULTS postbiotics account for PRO components and metabolic products able to beneficially affect host health and GM. The deeper the knowledge about them, the greater their possible uses: the prevention and treatment of atopic, respiratory tract, and inflammatory bowel diseases. CONCLUSIONS better knowledge about postbiotics can be useful for the prevention and treatment of several human body diseases, alone or as an add-on to PRE-PRO-SYMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emidio Scarpellini
- Internal Medicine Unit, "Madonna del Soccorso" General Hospital, 63074 San Benedetto del Tronto, Italy
- TARGID, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emanuele Rinninella
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Basilico
- Internal Medicine Unit, "Madonna del Soccorso" General Hospital, 63074 San Benedetto del Tronto, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Rasetti
- Internal Medicine Unit, "Madonna del Soccorso" General Hospital, 63074 San Benedetto del Tronto, Italy
| | - Tiziana Larussa
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Santori
- Internal Medicine Unit, "Madonna del Soccorso" General Hospital, 63074 San Benedetto del Tronto, Italy
| | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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49
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Kaur S, Thukral SK, Kaur P, Samota MK. Perturbations associated with hungry gut microbiome and postbiotic perspectives to strengthen the microbiome health. FUTURE FOODS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2021.100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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50
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Morais LH, Golubeva AV, Casey S, Scott KA, Ramos Costa AP, Moloney GM, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Early-life oxytocin attenuates the social deficits induced by caesarean-section delivery in the mouse. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:1958-1968. [PMID: 34040156 PMCID: PMC8429532 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The oxytocin (OXT) system has been strongly implicated in the regulation of social behaviour and anxiety, potentially contributing to the aetiology of a wide range of neuropathologies. Birth by Caesarean-section (C-section) results in alterations in microbiota diversity in early-life, alterations in brain development and has recently been associated with long-term social and anxiety-like behaviour deficits. In this study, we assessed whether OXT intervention in the early postnatal period could reverse C-section-mediated effects on behaviour, and physiology in early life and adulthood. Following C-section or per vaginum birth, pups were administered with OXT (0.2 or 2 μg/20 μl; s.c.) or saline daily from postnatal days 1-5. We demonstrate that early postnatal OXT treatment has long-lasting effects reversing many of the effects of C-section on mouse behaviour and physiology. In early-life, high-dose OXT administration attenuated C-section-mediated maternal attachment impairments. In adulthood, low-dose OXT restored social memory deficits, some aspects of anxiety-like behaviour, and improved gastrointestinal transit. Furthermore, as a consequence of OXT intervention in early life, OXT plasma levels were increased in adulthood, and dysregulation of the immune response in C-section animals was attenuated by both doses of OXT treatment. These findings indicate that there is an early developmental window sensitive to manipulations of the OXT system that can prevent lifelong behavioural and physiological impairments associated with mode of birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia H. Morais
- grid.7872.a0000000123318773APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland ,grid.7872.a0000000123318773Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland ,grid.20861.3d0000000107068890Present Address: Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - Anna V. Golubeva
- grid.7872.a0000000123318773APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland ,grid.7872.a0000000123318773Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sophie Casey
- grid.7872.a0000000123318773APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland ,grid.7872.a0000000123318773Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland ,Present Address: Irish Centre for Foetal and Neonatal Translational Research, INFANT, Cork, Ireland
| | - Karen A. Scott
- grid.7872.a0000000123318773APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland ,grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Present Address: Department of Pharmacodynamics, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Ana Paula Ramos Costa
- grid.7872.a0000000123318773APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland ,grid.411237.20000 0001 2188 7235Departamento de Farmacologia, CCB, UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Gerard M. Moloney
- grid.7872.a0000000123318773APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland ,grid.7872.a0000000123318773Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G. Dinan
- grid.7872.a0000000123318773APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland ,grid.7872.a0000000123318773Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland ,grid.7872.a0000000123318773Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F. Cryan
- grid.7872.a0000000123318773APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland ,grid.7872.a0000000123318773Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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