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Hickman E, Frey J, Wylie A, Hartwell HJ, Herkert NJ, Short SJ, Mills-Koonce WR, Fry RC, Stapleton HM, Propper C, Rager JE. Chemical and non-chemical stressors in a postpartum cohort through wristband and self report data: Links between increased chemical burden, economic, and racial stress. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 191:108976. [PMID: 39216331 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Multiple external stressors are known to have adverse impacts on health and development. Certain groups are more vulnerable and/or more likely to be exposed toenvironmental, psychological, and social stressors simultaneously. Yet, few studies have examined combined exposure to environmental toxicants and psychosocial stress. Here, we integrated environmental chemical exposure data collected using silicone wristbands and self-report social stressor data within the Brain and Early Experience (BEE) perinatal cohort to understand co-exposure to environmental chemicals and social stress. Silicone wristbands were worn for one week by mothers throughout central North Carolina who were 6 months postpartum (n = 97). Exposure to 110 environmental chemicals across eight chemical classes was quantified on silicone wristbands using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Social stress was evaluated using eight established self-report questionnaires (e.g., Brief Symptom Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale), quantifying experiences such as race-related stress, economic strain, and relationship conflict. Hair cortisol levels were measured as an additional metric of stress. The chemical exposure landscape and associations among chemical exposure, demographic characteristics, and social stress were characterized through individual variable analyses, cluster and data reduction, and compiled scoring approaches to comprehensively evaluate chemical and social stress burdens. We found that chemicals contain co-occurring patterns largely based on chemical class, with phthalates representing the chemical class with highest exposure and polychlorinated biphenyls the lowest. Chemicals showed differential exposure across racial groups, with diethyl phthalate, triphenyl phosphate, and tris(3,5-dimethyl phenyl) phosphate at higher levels in Black participants compared with White participants. Integrating social stressor profiling with chemical exposure data identified one particularly vulnerable subset of participants in which high chemical exposure burden coincided with high experiences of racism and economic stress. These findings demonstrate co-occurring chemical and social stress, warranting further investigation to better understand how these combined stressors may contribute to disparities in maternal and child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Hickman
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC Chapel Hill, 170 Rosenau Hall, CB #7400, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, 4004 Mary Ellen Jones Building, CB # 7325, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 166 Rosenau Hall, CB #7431, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
| | - Jenna Frey
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC Chapel Hill, 170 Rosenau Hall, CB #7400, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 166 Rosenau Hall, CB #7431, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
| | - Amanda Wylie
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, UNC Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, 910 Raleigh Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States.
| | - Hadley J Hartwell
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC Chapel Hill, 170 Rosenau Hall, CB #7400, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 166 Rosenau Hall, CB #7431, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
| | - Nicholas J Herkert
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 9 Circuit Dr, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
| | - Sarah J Short
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1025 W. Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706, United States; Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 625 W. Washington Ave., Madison, WI 53703, United States.
| | - W Roger Mills-Koonce
- School of Education, UNC Chapel Hill, Peabody Hall, CB #3500, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC Chapel Hill, 170 Rosenau Hall, CB #7400, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, 4004 Mary Ellen Jones Building, CB # 7325, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 166 Rosenau Hall, CB #7431, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
| | - Heather M Stapleton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 9 Circuit Dr, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
| | - Cathi Propper
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, 910 Raleigh Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States; School of Nursing, UNC Chapel Hill, 120 Medical Drive, CB #7460, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
| | - Julia E Rager
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC Chapel Hill, 170 Rosenau Hall, CB #7400, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, 4004 Mary Ellen Jones Building, CB # 7325, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 166 Rosenau Hall, CB #7431, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
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Puri TA, Lieblich SE, Ibrahim M, Galea LAM. Pregnancy history and estradiol influence spatial memory, hippocampal plasticity, and inflammation in middle-aged rats. Horm Behav 2024; 165:105616. [PMID: 39168073 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Pregnancy and motherhood can have long-term effects on cognition and brain aging in both humans and rodents. Estrogens are related to cognitive function and neuroplasticity. Estrogens can improve cognition in postmenopausal women, but the evidence is mixed, partly due to differences in age of initiation, type of menopause, dose, formulation and route of administration. Additionally, past pregnancy influences brain aging and cognition as a younger age of first pregnancy in humans is associated with poorer aging outcomes. However, few animal studies have examined specific features of pregnancy history or the possible mechanisms underlying these changes. We examined whether maternal age at first pregnancy and estradiol differentially affected hippocampal neuroplasticity, inflammation, spatial reference cognition, and immediate early gene activation in response to spatial memory retrieval in middle-age. Thirteen-month-old rats (who were nulliparous (never mothered) or previously primiparous (had a litter) at three or seven months) received daily injections of estradiol (or vehicle) for sixteen days and were tested on the Morris Water Maze. An older age of first pregnancy was associated with impaired spatial memory but improved performance on reversal training, and increased number of new neurons in the ventral hippocampus. Estradiol decreased activation of new neurons in the dorsal hippocampus, regardless of parity history. Estradiol also decreased the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines based on age of first pregnancy. This work suggests that estradiol affects neuroplasticity and neuroinflammation in middle age, and that age of first pregnancy can have long lasting effects on hippocampus structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi A Puri
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephanie E Lieblich
- Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Muna Ibrahim
- Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Liisa A M Galea
- Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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3
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Bradshaw JL, Wilson EN, Gardner JJ, Mabry S, Tucker SM, Rybalchenko N, Vera E, Goulopoulou S, Cunningham RL. Pregnancy-induced oxidative stress and inflammation are not associated with impaired maternal neuronal activity or memory function. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2024; 327:R35-R45. [PMID: 38708544 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00026.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Pregnancy is associated with neural and behavioral plasticity, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress, yet the impact of inflammation and oxidative stress on maternal neural and behavioral plasticity during pregnancy is unclear. We hypothesized that healthy pregnancy transiently reduces learning and memory and these deficits are associated with pregnancy-induced elevations in inflammation and oxidative stress. Cognitive performance was tested with novel object recognition (recollective memory), Morris water maze (spatial memory), and open field (anxiety-like) behavior tasks in female Sprague-Dawley rats of varying reproductive states [nonpregnant (nulliparous), pregnant (near term), and 1-2 mo after pregnancy (primiparous); n = 7 or 8/group]. Plasma and CA1 proinflammatory cytokines were measured with a MILLIPLEX magnetic bead assay. Plasma oxidative stress was measured via advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) assay. CA1 markers of oxidative stress, neuronal activity, and apoptosis were quantified via Western blot analysis. Our results demonstrate that CA1 oxidative stress-associated markers were elevated in pregnant compared with nulliparous rats (P ≤ 0.017) but there were equivalent levels in pregnant and primiparous rats. In contrast, reproductive state did not impact CA1 inflammatory cytokines, neuronal activity, or apoptosis. Likewise, there was no effect of reproductive state on recollective or spatial memory. Even so, spatial learning was impaired (P ≤ 0.007) whereas anxiety-like behavior (P ≤ 0.034) was reduced in primiparous rats. Overall, our data suggest that maternal hippocampal CA1 is protected from systemic inflammation but vulnerable to peripartum oxidative stress. Peripartum oxidative stress elevations, such as in pregnancy complications, may contribute to peripartum neural and behavioral plasticity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Healthy pregnancy is associated with elevated maternal systemic and brain oxidative stress. During postpregnancy, brain oxidative stress remains elevated whereas systemic oxidative stress is resolved. This sustained maternal brain oxidative stress is associated with learning impairments and decreased anxiety-like behavior during the postpregnancy period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Bradshaw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - E Nicole Wilson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Jennifer J Gardner
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Steve Mabry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Selina M Tucker
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Nataliya Rybalchenko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Edward Vera
- Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Styliani Goulopoulou
- Lawrence D. Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, Departments of Basic Sciences, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States
| | - Rebecca L Cunningham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
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Teferi SM, Terefe B, Temesgen G, Seyoum K, Ejigu Debebe N, Kene C, Geta G, Wedajo LF. Reported self-care practice toward prevention of puerperal sepsis and associated factors among postnatal mothers: Community-based cross-sectional study. SAGE Open Med 2024; 12:20503121241257150. [PMID: 38911439 PMCID: PMC11191623 DOI: 10.1177/20503121241257150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Puerperal sepsis is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in low-income countries, which can affect sustainable development goals. Even though it is a preventable problem through maternal self-care practices, maternal-reported self-care practices regarding puerperal sepsis were under-researched in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the maternal reported self-care practice and associated factors among postnatal mothers for the prevention of puerperal sepsis. Objective The study aimed to assess the reported self-care practice of postnatal mothers in Arba Minch town toward the prevention of puerperal sepsis and its associated factors. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was employed from 1st to 30th May 2022. Study participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data was collected by the Open Data Kit tool and exported to SPSS version 26 for further analysis. Both crude and adjusted odds ratios with a 95% CI were calculated, and a p-value of less than 0.05 was used to declare statistically significant factors. Results Of a total of 423 postpartum mothers, 417 participated, making a response rate of 98.5%. The study revealed that 45.6% (95% CI: 41.2%, 50.1%) of postnatal mothers had good reported self-care practices toward the prevention of puerperal sepsis. Tertiary educational level (AOR: 2.56; 95% CI: 1.43, 4.59), multiparity (AOR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.74), and having a good awareness of puerperal sepsis prevention (AOR: 2.17; 95% CI: 1.40, 3.37) were significantly associated at a p-value less than 0.05. Conclusion This study revealed that less than half of postnatal mothers reported good self-care practices. Healthcare providers and all stakeholders should focus on strategies to improve self-care practice during antenatal and postnatal care and at a community level, with a special focus on postnatal mothers with no formal education and multiparous mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheleme Mengistu Teferi
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Madda Walabu University, Robe, Ethiopia
| | - Bezabih Terefe
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Gebremariam Temesgen
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Kenbon Seyoum
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Madda Walabu University, Robe, Ethiopia
| | - Neway Ejigu Debebe
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Madda Walabu University, Robe, Ethiopia
| | - Chala Kene
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Madda Walabu University, Robe, Ethiopia
| | - Girma Geta
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Madda Walabu University, Robe, Ethiopia
| | - Lema Fikadu Wedajo
- Department of Midwifery, Wallaga University Institute of Health Sciences, Nekemte, Ethiopia
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Balan I, Boero G, Chéry SL, McFarland MH, Lopez AG, Morrow AL. Neuroactive Steroids, Toll-like Receptors, and Neuroimmune Regulation: Insights into Their Impact on Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:582. [PMID: 38792602 PMCID: PMC11122352 DOI: 10.3390/life14050582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pregnane neuroactive steroids, notably allopregnanolone and pregnenolone, exhibit efficacy in mitigating inflammatory signals triggered by toll-like receptor (TLR) activation, thus attenuating the production of inflammatory factors. Clinical studies highlight their therapeutic potential, particularly in conditions like postpartum depression (PPD), where the FDA-approved compound brexanolone, an intravenous formulation of allopregnanolone, effectively suppresses TLR-mediated inflammatory pathways, predicting symptom improvement. Additionally, pregnane neurosteroids exhibit trophic and anti-inflammatory properties, stimulating the production of vital trophic proteins and anti-inflammatory factors. Androstane neuroactive steroids, including estrogens and androgens, along with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), display diverse effects on TLR expression and activation. Notably, androstenediol (ADIOL), an androstane neurosteroid, emerges as a potent anti-inflammatory agent, promising for therapeutic interventions. The dysregulation of immune responses via TLR signaling alongside reduced levels of endogenous neurosteroids significantly contributes to symptom severity across various neuropsychiatric disorders. Neuroactive steroids, such as allopregnanolone, demonstrate efficacy in alleviating symptoms of various neuropsychiatric disorders and modulating neuroimmune responses, offering potential intervention avenues. This review emphasizes the significant therapeutic potential of neuroactive steroids in modulating TLR signaling pathways, particularly in addressing inflammatory processes associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. It advances our understanding of the complex interplay between neuroactive steroids and immune responses, paving the way for personalized treatment strategies tailored to individual needs and providing insights for future research aimed at unraveling the intricacies of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Balan
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.); (S.L.C.); (M.H.M.); (A.G.L.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Giorgia Boero
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Samantha Lucenell Chéry
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.); (S.L.C.); (M.H.M.); (A.G.L.)
- Neuroscience Curriculum, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Minna H. McFarland
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.); (S.L.C.); (M.H.M.); (A.G.L.)
- Neuroscience Curriculum, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alejandro G. Lopez
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.); (S.L.C.); (M.H.M.); (A.G.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - A. Leslie Morrow
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.); (S.L.C.); (M.H.M.); (A.G.L.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Li J, Zhang S, Sun Y, Li J, Feng Z, Li H, Zhang M, Yan T, Han J, Duan Y. Liver ChREBP deficiency inhibits fructose-induced insulin resistance in pregnant mice and female offspring. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:2097-2117. [PMID: 38532128 PMCID: PMC11014959 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00121-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
High fructose intake during pregnancy increases insulin resistance (IR) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk. IR during pregnancy primarily results from elevated hormone levels. We aim to determine the role of liver carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) in insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism in pregnant mice and their offspring. Pregnant C57BL/6J wild-type mice and hepatocyte-specific ChREBP-deficient mice were fed with a high-fructose diet (HFrD) or normal chow diet (NC) pre-delivery. We found that the combination of HFrD with pregnancy excessively activates hepatic ChREBP, stimulating progesterone synthesis by increasing MTTP expression, which exacerbates IR. Increased progesterone levels upregulated hepatic ChREBP via the progesterone-PPARγ axis. Placental progesterone activated the progesterone-ChREBP loop in female offspring, contributing to IR and lipid accumulation. In normal dietary conditions, hepatic ChREBP modestly affected progesterone production and influenced IR during pregnancy. Our findings reveal the role of hepatic ChREBP in regulating insulin sensitivity and lipid homeostasis in both pregnant mice consuming an HFrD and female offspring, and suggest it as a potential target for managing gestational metabolic disorders, including GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Li
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Yuyao Sun
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Li
- Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Zian Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Huaxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Mengxue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Tengteng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jihong Han
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yajun Duan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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7
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Bradshaw JL, Wilson EN, Gardner JJ, Mabry S, Tucker SM, Rybalchenko N, Vera E, Goulopoulou S, Cunningham RL. Pregnancy-associated oxidative stress and inflammation are not associated with impaired maternal neuronal activity or memory function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.26.577461. [PMID: 38328246 PMCID: PMC10849653 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.26.577461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Pregnancy is associated with neural and behavioral plasticity, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress. Yet, the impact of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress on maternal neural and behavioral plasticity during pregnancy are unclear. We hypothesized that the maternal hippocampal CA1, a brain region associated with cognition, would be protected from pregnancy-associated systemic elevations in inflammation and oxidative stress, mediating stable peripartum cognitive performance. Cognitive performance was tested using novel object recognition (recollective memory), Morris water maze (spatial memory), and open field (anxiety-like) behavior tasks in female Sprague-Dawley rats of varying reproductive states [non-pregnant (nulliparous), pregnant (near term), and two months post-pregnancy (primiparous); n = 7-8/group]. Plasma and CA1 proinflammatory cytokines were measured using a MILLIPLEX® magnetic bead assay. Plasma oxidative stress was measured via advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) assay. CA1 markers of oxidative stress, neuronal activity, and apoptosis were quantified via western blotting. Our results demonstrate CA1 oxidative stress-associated markers were elevated in pregnant compared to nulliparous rats ( p ≤ 0.017) but were equivalent levels in pregnant and primiparous rats. In contrast, reproductive state did not impact CA1 inflammatory cytokines, neuronal activity, or apoptosis. Likewise, there was no effect of reproductive state on recollective or spatial memory. Even so, spatial learning was impaired ( p ≤ 0.007) while anxiety-like behavior ( p ≤ 0.034) was reduced in primiparous rats. Overall, our data suggest maternal hippocampal CA1 is protected from systemic inflammation but vulnerable to peripartum oxidative stress. Thus, peripartum oxidative stress elevations, such as in pregnancy complications, may contribute to peripartum neural and behavioral plasticity.
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Duarte-Guterman P, Richard JE, Lieblich SE, Eid RS, Lamers Y, Galea LAM. Cellular and molecular signatures of motherhood in the adult and ageing rat brain. Open Biol 2023; 13:230217. [PMID: 37989220 PMCID: PMC10681025 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is marked by robust changes, including brain changes to volume, structure, connectivity and neuroplasticity. Although some brain changes are restricted to pregnancy and the postpartum, others are long-lasting. Few studies have examined possible mechanisms of these changes or the effects of multiple pregnancies. We characterized various cellular and molecular signatures of parity (nulliparous, primiparous, biparous) in the rat hippocampus. We investigated density of neural stems cells (Sox2), microglia (Iba-1) and levels of a synaptic protein (PSD-95), cell signalling pathways, neuroinflammation, and the tryptophan-kynurenine (TRP-KYN) pathway, one week after weaning their pups from the last pregnancy (age of dam: seven months) and in middle-age (age of dam: 13 months). Parity increased PSD-95 levels in both age groups and prevented the age-related decrease in neural stem cell density observed in nulliparous rats. Biparity increased cell signalling phosphoproteins (pp70S6K, S6RP) and number of microglia in the dentate gyrus, regardless of age. Parity resulted in transient changes to the TRP-KYN system. Thus, previous parity has lasting effects on synaptic plasticity with fewer lasting effects on inflammation and cell signalling phosphoproteins in the whole hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Duarte-Guterman
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J. E. Richard
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S. E. Lieblich
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - R. S. Eid
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Y. Lamers
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - L. A. M. Galea
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Sominsky L, O'Hely M, Drummond K, Cao S, Collier F, Dhar P, Loughman A, Dawson S, Tang ML, Mansell T, Saffery R, Burgner D, Ponsonby AL, Vuillermin P. Pre-pregnancy obesity is associated with greater systemic inflammation and increased risk of antenatal depression. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 113:189-202. [PMID: 37437818 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-pregnancy obesity is an emerging risk factor for perinatal depression. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated the association between pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and perinatal depressive symptoms in a large population-based pre-birth cohort, the Barwon Infant Study. We also assessed whether the levels of circulating inflammatory markers during pregnancy mediated this relationship. METHODS Depressive symptoms were assessed in 883 women using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and psychological stress using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) at 28 weeks gestation and 4 weeks postpartum. Glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and cytokines were assessed at 28 weeks gestation. We performed regression analyses, adjusted for potential confounders, and investigated mediation using nested counterfactual models. RESULTS The estimated effect of pre-pregnancy obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) on antenatal EPDS scores was 1.05 points per kg/m2 increase in BMI (95% CI: 0.20, 1.90; p = 0.02). GlycA, hsCRP, interleukin (IL) -1ra and IL-6 were higher in women with obesity, compared to healthy weight women, while eotaxin and IL-4 were lower. Higher GlycA was associated with higher EPDS and PSS scores and partially mediated the association between pre-pregnancy obesity and EPDS/PSS scores in unadjusted models, but this association attenuated upon adjustment for socioeconomic adversity. IL-6 and eotaxin were negatively associated with EPDS/PSS scores, however there was no evidence for mediation. CONCLUSIONS Pre-pregnancy obesity increases the risk of antenatal depressive symptoms and is also associated with systemic inflammation during pregnancy. While discrete inflammatory markers are associated with antenatal depressive symptoms and perceived stress, their role in mediating the effects of pre-pregnancy obesity on antenatal depression requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luba Sominsky
- Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Martin O'Hely
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine Drummond
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sifan Cao
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fiona Collier
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Poshmaal Dhar
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy Loughman
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samantha Dawson
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mimi Lk Tang
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Toby Mansell
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Burgner
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne-Louise Ponsonby
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Vuillermin
- Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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10
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Servin-Barthet C, Martínez-García M, Pretus C, Paternina-Die M, Soler A, Khymenets O, Pozo ÓJ, Leuner B, Vilarroya O, Carmona S. The transition to motherhood: linking hormones, brain and behaviour. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:605-619. [PMID: 37612425 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00733-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
We are witnessing a stark increase in scientific interest in the neurobiological processes associated with pregnancy and maternity. Convergent evidence suggests that around the time of labour, first-time mothers experience a specific pattern of neuroanatomical changes that are associated with maternal behaviour. Here we provide an overview of the human neurobiological adaptations of motherhood, focusing on the interplay between pregnancy-related steroid and peptide hormones, and neuroplasticity in the brain. We discuss which brain plasticity mechanisms might underlie the structural changes detected by MRI, which hormonal systems are likely to contribute to such neuroanatomical changes and how these brain mechanisms may be linked to maternal behaviour. This Review offers an overarching framework that can serve as a roadmap for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Servin-Barthet
- Unitat de Recerca en Neurociència Cognitiva, Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magdalena Martínez-García
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Pretus
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Psicobiologia i de Metodologia de els Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Paternina-Die
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Soler
- Unitat de Recerca en Neurociència Cognitiva, Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Óscar J Pozo
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benedetta Leuner
- Psychology Department, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Oscar Vilarroya
- Unitat de Recerca en Neurociència Cognitiva, Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Susana Carmona
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Gifford JJ, Pluchino JR, Della Valle R, Van Weele B, Brezoczky E, Caulfield JI, Cavigelli SA, Schwarz JM. Effects of limited bedding and nesting on postpartum mood state in rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13275. [PMID: 37186019 PMCID: PMC10524593 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of limited bedding and nesting (LBN) stress on postpartum anhedonia, maternal behaviors, anxiety-like behaviors, and neuroendocrine and neuroimmune function as a potential model of postpartum depression. Dams underwent sucrose preference tests prior to breeding, during gestation and again postpartum, to examine the potential onset of anhedonia. On embryonic day 19, dams were placed into either a LBN or control housing condition. Contrary to our predictions, LBN stress had no effect on postpartum sucrose preference. We also found no effect of LBN condition on fecal estradiol or corticosterone levels, both of which increased at birth and decreased postpartum. Regardless of housing conditions, approximately 40% of new mothers exhibited a decrease in sucrose preference, while others show no change, suggesting an individual susceptibility to postpartum anhedonia. In a separate cohort of LBN and control dams, we measured pup retrieval, hoarding behavior, elevated plus maze (EPM), and marble burying. LBN dams exhibited increased anxiety, associated with decreased time spent in the open arms of the EPM. We also measured a significant increase in IL-6 expression in the dorsal hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex of postpartum dams compared to nonpregnant dams. These findings suggest that while LBN stress has effects on anxiety and maternal care, it does not induce postpartum anhedonia. Rather, there are inherent differences in susceptibility to anhedonia in individual dams, and future studies should be conducted to better understand individual vulnerability and resilience to postpartum anhedonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janace J Gifford
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Jenna R Pluchino
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Rebecca Della Valle
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Brooke Van Weele
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Emma Brezoczky
- Department of Neuroscience, Claremont McKenna College, Claremont, California, USA
| | - Jasmine I Caulfield
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sonia A Cavigelli
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jaclyn M Schwarz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
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12
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Puri TA, Richard JE, Galea LAM. Beyond sex differences: short- and long-term effects of pregnancy on the brain. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:459-471. [PMID: 37120339 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Growing attention has been directed to the inclusion of females in neuroscience studies, and to the importance of studying sex as a biological variable. However, how female-specific factors such as menopause and pregnancy, affect the brain remains understudied. In this review, we use pregnancy as a case in point of a female-unique experience that can alter neuroplasticity, neuroinflammation, and cognition. We examine studies in both humans and rodents indicating that pregnancy can modify neural function in the short term, as well as alter the trajectory of brain aging. Furthermore, we discuss the influence of maternal age, fetal sex, number of pregnancies, and presence of pregnancy complications on brain health outcomes. We conclude by encouraging the scientific community to prioritize researching female health by recognizing and including factors such as pregnancy history in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi A Puri
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jennifer E Richard
- Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Liisa A M Galea
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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13
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McCormack C, Abuaish S, Monk C. Is There an Inflammatory Profile of Perinatal Depression? Curr Psychiatry Rep 2023; 25:149-164. [PMID: 36947355 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-023-01414-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To synthesize and critically examine recent evidence regarding associations between immune system activity and perinatal depression. RECENT FINDINGS Despite a significant number of studies assessing potential immunological markers of perinatal depression, it does not appear that levels of any individual pro- or anti-inflammatory marker is a useful predictor of perinatal depression. Some recent studies have observed differences in overall immune system functioning and adaptation across this period, taking into account multiple pro- and anti- inflammatory markers. Furthermore, there is evidence for interactions between depression and maternal psychosocial factors. Immune system functioning may be a mechanism through which social determinants of health contribute to risk for perinatal depression. There is substantial evidence implicating dysregulated immune activity in perinatal depression, yet little clarity regarding a consistent immune profile, especially based on analysis of circulating peripheral cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare McCormack
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Sameera Abuaish
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Catherine Monk
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
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14
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Zhang Y, Mei H, Xiao H, Zhang Y, Gao W, Qi H, Zhang J. Association between neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and perinatal depressive symptoms among Chinese women. J Psychosom Res 2023; 166:111101. [PMID: 36736189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.111101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of depression has increased dramatically in the past few decades, and pregnant women are at high risk for depression. It is widely thought that inflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of depression. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association between the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a marker of chronic immune inflammation, and perinatal depressive symptoms. METHODS A cohort study involving 535 pregnant women was conducted based on a prospective birth cohort in Wuhan, China. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to assess antepartum depression (APD) and postpartum depression (PPD) during the second trimester of pregnancy and one month after delivery. The NLR during the second trimester was determined based on a routine blood test. The association between NLR and depressive symptoms was evaluated using logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression. RESULTS We found that the prevalence of APD and PPD was 8.4% and 15.1%, respectively. NLR levels were positively associated with APD (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.20--1.91). After adjusting for potential confounders, the OR (95% CI) of APD for the highest NLR quartile was 4.56 (1.58, 13.13) compared with the lowest quartile. No significant association was found between NLR and PPD. RCS regression model analysis indicated a linear correlation between NLR and APD (P for non-linearity = 0.58). CONCLUSION Overall, elevated mid-trimester NLR is independently associated with APD but not PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Mei
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 100 Xianggang Rd, Jiangan District, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 100 Xianggang Rd, Jiangan District, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenqi Gao
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 100 Xianggang Rd, Jiangan District, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haiqin Qi
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianduan Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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15
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Multiparity Differentially Affects Specific Aspects of the Acute Neuroinflammatory Response to Traumatic Brain Injury in Female Mice. Neuroscience 2023; 511:86-99. [PMID: 36535576 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy is associated with profound acute and long-term physiological changes, but the effects of such changes on brain injury outcomes are unclear. Here, we examined the effects of previous pregnancy and maternal experience (parity) on acute neuroinflammatory responses to lateral fluid percussion injury (FPI), a well-defined experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) paradigm. Multiparous (2-3 pregnancies and motherhood experiences) and age-matched nulliparous (no previous pregnancy or motherhood experience) female mice received either FPI or sham injury and were euthanized 3 days post-injury (DPI). Increased cortical Iba1, GFAP, and CD68 immunolabeling was observed following TBI independent of parity and microglia morphology did not differ between TBI groups. However, multiparous females had fewer CD45+ cells near the site of injury compared to nulliparous females, which was associated with preserved aquaporin-4 polarization, suggesting that parity may influence leukocyte recruitment to the site of injury and maintenance of blood brain barrier permeability following TBI. Additionally, relative cortical Il6 gene expression following TBI was dependent on parity such that TBI increased Il6 expression in nulliparous, but not multiparous, mice. Together, this work suggests that reproductive history may influence acute neuroinflammatory outcomes following TBI in females.
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16
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Hall MB, Willis DE, Rodriguez EL, Schwarz JM. Maternal immune activation as an epidemiological risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders: Considerations of timing, severity, individual differences, and sex in human and rodent studies. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1135559. [PMID: 37123361 PMCID: PMC10133487 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1135559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests that one's risk of being diagnosed with a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD)-such as autism, ADHD, or schizophrenia-increases significantly if their mother had a viral or bacterial infection during the first or second trimester of pregnancy. Despite this well-known data, little is known about how developing neural systems are perturbed by events such as early-life immune activation. One theory is that the maternal immune response disrupts neural processes important for typical fetal and postnatal development, which can subsequently result in specific and overlapping behavioral phenotypes in offspring, characteristic of NDDs. As such, rodent models of maternal immune activation (MIA) have been useful in elucidating neural mechanisms that may become dysregulated by MIA. This review will start with an up-to-date and in-depth, critical summary of epidemiological data in humans, examining the association between different types of MIA and NDD outcomes in offspring. Thereafter, we will summarize common rodent models of MIA and discuss their relevance to the human epidemiological data. Finally, we will highlight other factors that may interact with or impact MIA and its associated risk for NDDs, and emphasize the importance for researchers to consider these when designing future human and rodent studies. These points to consider include: the sex of the offspring, the developmental timing of the immune challenge, and other factors that may contribute to individual variability in neural and behavioral responses to MIA, such as genetics, parental age, the gut microbiome, prenatal stress, and placental buffering.
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17
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Osborne LM, Payne JL, Sherer ML, Sabunciyan S. Altered extracellular mRNA communication in postpartum depression is associated with decreased autophagy. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4526-4535. [PMID: 36138128 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01794-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether extracellular RNA communication, which is a recently discovered mode of intercellular communication that is involved in a variety of important biological processes including pregnancy, is associated with postpartum depression (PPD). Extracellular RNA communication is increased during pregnancy and is involved in embryo implantation, uterine spiral artery remodeling, parturition, preterm birth, immunity, and the inflammatory response. Since immune anomalies are associated with PPD, we characterized the mRNA content of extracellular vesicles (EV) in a cohort of prospectively collected blood plasma samples at six time-points throughout pregnancy and the postpartum (2nd trimester, 3rd trimester, 2 weeks postpartum, 6 weeks postpartum, 3 months postpartum, and 6 months postpartum) in an academic medical setting from women who went on to develop PPD (N = 7, defined as euthymic in pregnancy with postpartum-onset depressive symptoms assessed by Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ≥13 at any postpartum time point) and matched unaffected controls (N = 7, defined as euthymic throughout pregnancy and postpartum). Blood samples were available for all participants at the T2 and W6 timepoints, with fewer samples available at other time points. This analysis revealed that EV mRNA levels during pregnancy and the postpartum period were extensively altered in women who went on to develop PPD. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that mRNAs associated with autophagy were decreased in PPD cases. In contrast, EV mRNAs from ribosomes and mitochondria, two organelles that are selectively targeted by autophagy, were elevated in PPD cases. Cellular deconvolution analysis discovered that EV mRNAs associated with PPD originated from monocytes and macrophages. Quantitative PCR analysis for four relevant genes in another cohort replicated these findings and confirmed that extracellular RNA levels are altered in PPD. We demonstrate that EV mRNA communication is robustly altered during pregnancy and the postpartum period in women who go on to develop PPD. Our work also establishes a direct link between reduced autophagy and PPD in patient samples. These data warrant investigating the feasibility of developing EV mRNA based biomarkers and therapeutic agents for PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Osborne
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer L Payne
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Morgan L Sherer
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarven Sabunciyan
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanley Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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18
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Jones-Muhammad M, Shao Q, Warrington JP. Increased seizure sensitivity in pregnant mice with genetic knockdown of acid sensing ion channel 2a is associated with impaired hippocampal inflammatory response. Front Physiol 2022; 13:983506. [PMID: 36187797 PMCID: PMC9515891 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.983506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid sensing ion channels (ASICs) are mechano- and chemo-receptor channels that are activated by drops in extracellular pH as occurs after neurotransmission. In our previous study, we demonstrated that mice subjected to reduced utero-placental perfusion pressure during pregnancy, to mimic the pregnancy complication of preeclampsia, have reduced hippocampal expression of ASIC2a protein. We also showed that pregnant mice with heterozygous expression of ASIC2a (+/-) had increased sensitivity and severity to pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures; however, the mechanisms by which this occurs remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate key molecular targets involving neurotransmission and inflammation that are differentially changed following seizure exposure in pregnant ASIC2a +/- mice. On gestational day 18.5, ASIC2a wild-type (+/+, n = 7) and +/- (n = 14) mice were injected with 40 mg/kg pentylenetetrazol and monitored for 30 min. Western blot and ELISA analysis revealed no difference in hippocampal synaptosome glutamate-related proteins but an increase in GABA concentration in pregnant +/- mice. Using ELISA and multiplex assays, we found a significant decrease in serum TNFα, and a decreased concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in hippocampal cytosolic fraction. Significant reductions in IL-1β, IL-3, IL-12 (p70), eotaxin, interferon gamma, and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-1β), in the hippocampal cytosolic fractions of +/- mice were observed compared to +/+ mice. Additionally, there was no difference in hippocampal microglia density or activation in pregnant ASIC2a+/+ vs. +/- mice. These results support the hypothesis that pregnant mice with reduced ASIC2a may not be able to mount an inflammatory response following acute seizure exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jones-Muhammad
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Qingmei Shao
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Junie P. Warrington
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
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19
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Bränn E, Skalkidou A, Schwarz J, Papadopoulos FC, Sundström Poromaa I, Fransson E. Longitudinal assessment of inflammatory markers in the peripartum period by depressive symptom trajectory groups. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 22:100468. [PMID: 35571146 PMCID: PMC9097612 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Mechanisms driving temporal fluctuations of inflammatory markers during pregnancy, and how these might differ between distinct perinatal depressive trajectories, are not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate cytokines levels over the course of pregnancy in women with different trajectories of depressive symptoms peripartum, and relate the levels to levels of non-pregnant controls. Methods Based on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and/or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors use, 131 women were categorized into: no (n = 65); antepartum (APD, n = 19), postpartum (PPD, n = 17) and persistent (n = 30) depressive symptoms. Plasma samples (n = 386) were analyzed for levels of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-18, Tumor necrosis factor-α, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and fractalkine, at four different time-points (twice during pregnancy, during childbirth, and postpartum) using Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine Assays. Generalized linear mixed models were applied to analyze the associations between cytokine levels, time-point, perinatal depressive symptom trajectory group and their interaction. Results For all markers but VEGF-A, pregnancy was associated with higher cytokine levels compared to the non-pregnant controls, with delivery being the most prominent time-point. For M-CSF, IL-18 and VEGF-A, levels were back to the non-pregnant status at postpartum week 8. An effect of perinatal depressive symptom trajectory groups on cytokine levels was found for VEGF-A. Women with PPD and women with APD had lower levels of VEGF-A throughout the study period compared to women with persistent depression, and women with PPD had lower levels compared to non-depressed women. Conclusions Lower levels of VEGF-A were noted among women in some trajectories of depressive symptoms peripartum. The peripartum period is a time of tremendous immune system adaptations. Standardization of time-points for cytokine measurements in studies of perinatal depression are important in order to draw valid conclusions on the role of the immune system in perinatal depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Bränn
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alkistis Skalkidou
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jaclyn Schwarz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, USA
| | | | | | - Emma Fransson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Dye C, Lenz KM, Leuner B. Immune System Alterations and Postpartum Mental Illness: Evidence From Basic and Clinical Research. Front Glob Womens Health 2022; 2:758748. [PMID: 35224544 PMCID: PMC8866762 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2021.758748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The postpartum period is a time associated with high rates of depression and anxiety as well as greater risk for psychosis in some women. A growing number of studies point to aberrations in immune system function as contributing to postpartum mental illness. Here we review evidence from both clinical and animal models suggesting an immune component to postpartum depression, postpartum anxiety, and postpartum psychosis. Thus far, clinical data primarily highlights changes in peripheral cytokine signaling in disease etiology, while animal models have begun to provide insight into the immune environment of the maternal brain and how central inflammation may also be contributing to postpartum mental illnesses. Further research investigating peripheral and central immune function, along with neural and endocrine interactions, will be important in successfully developing novel prevention and treatment strategies for these serious disorders that impact a large portion of new mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Dye
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kathryn M. Lenz
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Benedetta Leuner
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Benedetta Leuner
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21
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Pawluski JL, Hoekzema E, Leuner B, Lonstein JS. Less can be more: Fine tuning the maternal brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 133:104475. [PMID: 34864004 PMCID: PMC8807930 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PAWLUSKI, J.L., Hoekzema, E., Leuner, B., and Lonstein, J.S. Less can be more: Fine tuning the maternal brain. NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV (129) XXX-XXX, 2022. Plasticity in the female brain across the lifespan has recently become a growing field of scientific inquiry. This has led to the understanding that the transition to motherhood is marked by some of the most significant changes in brain plasticity in the adult female brain. Perhaps unexpectedly, plasticity occurring in the maternal brain often involves a decrease in brain volume, neurogenesis and glial cell density that presumably optimizes caregiving and other postpartum behaviors. This review summarizes what we know of the 'fine-tuning' of the female brain that accompanies motherhood and highlights the implications of these changes for maternal neurobehavioral health. The first part of the review summarizes structural and functional brain changes in humans during pregnancy and postpartum period with the remainder of the review focusing on neural and glial plasticity during the peripartum period in animal models. The aim of this review is to provide a clear understanding of when 'less is more' in maternal brain plasticity and where future research can focus to improve our understanding of the unique brain plasticity occurring during matrescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi L. Pawluski
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France.,Corresponding author: Jodi L. Pawluski, University of Rennes 1, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Elseline Hoekzema
- Brain and Development Laboratory, Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Hoekzema Lab, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benedetta Leuner
- The Ohio State University, Department of Psychology & Department of Neuroscience Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joseph S. Lonstein
- Neuroscience Program & Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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22
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Callaghan B, McCormack C, Tottenham N, Monk C. Evidence for cognitive plasticity during pregnancy via enhanced learning and memory. Memory 2022; 30:519-536. [PMID: 34985388 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2021.2019280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Human and animal neuroscience studies support the view that plastic shifts occur in the brain during pregnancy that support the emergence of new maternal behaviours. The idea of adaptive plasticity in pregnancy is at odds with the notion of "baby brain", in which pregnant women describe the onset of forgetfulness. While inconsistent evidence for memory deficits during pregnancy has been reported, few studies have investigated spatial associative memory (which is consistently enhanced in studies of pregnant rodents). Moreover, most studies assess domain-general stimuli, which might miss adaptations specific to parent-relevant stimuli. In the present study, we examined the retention of spatial associative memory for parenting-relevant and non-parenting-relevant stimuli across 4-weeks in a sample of women in their third trimester of pregnancy, and compared their performance to a sample of never pregnant women. We demonstrated that relative to never pregnant women, pregnant women exhibited enhanced long-term retention of object-scene-location associations (spatial associative memory), as well as better initial learning about parenting-relevant, relative to non-parenting-relevant, stimuli. Thus, similar to studies in rodents, cognitive improvements were seen during pregnancy in humans, and those improvements were specific to the domain of spatial associative retention, and in the recognition of stimuli relevant to parenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Callaghan
- Department of Psychology, The University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Clare McCormack
- Center for Science and Society, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.,Irving Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nim Tottenham
- Irving Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Catherine Monk
- Irving Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.,Irving Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
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23
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Xavier S, Soch A, Younesi S, Malik S, Spencer SJ, Sominsky L. Maternal diet before and during pregnancy modulates microglial activation and neurogenesis in the postpartum rat brain. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 98:185-197. [PMID: 34418500 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.08.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The implications of poor maternal diet on offspring metabolic and neuroimmune development are well established. Increasing evidence now suggests that maternal obesity and poor diet can also increase the risk of postpartum mood disorders, but the mechanisms are unknown. Here we investigated the effects of a poor, high-fat-high-sugar diet (HFSD) on peripheral and central inflammation, neurogenesis and postpartum anxiety-like behaviours. We hypothesised that long-term consumption of a HFSD pre- and post-conception would increase the levels of circulating cytokines and induce microglial activation, particularly in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC), as the primary brain region involved in the integration of satiety signalling; and this would lead to increased anxiety, stress responsivity and disrupted neurogenesis. We further hypothesised that these effects would be ameliorated by consumption of a healthier diet during pregnancy - specifically a diet high in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). As expected, the HFSD significantly increased pre-conception body weight, elevated circulating cytokines and activated microglia in the ARC, as well as in the basolateral amygdala. The HFSD also significantly increased the numbers of immature (doublecortin (DCX)-positive) neurons in the subgranular/granular region of the hippocampus, a neurogenic response that was, surprisingly, mimicked by consumption of a diet high in omega-3 PUFAs. Despite these effects of peri-pregnancy dietary imbalance, we detected no differences in anxiety-like behaviours or hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity between the groups. A shift to a healthier diet post-conception reversed the peripheral inflammation and alleviated the microglial activation. These novel data indicate the importance of a balanced peri-pregnancy diet and highlight the need for future research into key triggers that alter the neuroimmune balance in the maternal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soniya Xavier
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alita Soch
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simin Younesi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sajida Malik
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah J Spencer
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Luba Sominsky
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Barwon Health Laboratory, Barwon Health University Hospital, Geelong, VIC, Australia; Institute for Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Transformation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
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24
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Bollinger J. Uncovering microglial pathways driving sex-specific neurobiological effects in stress and depression. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 16:100320. [PMID: 34589809 PMCID: PMC8474553 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Women suffer from major depressive disorder (MDD) more often than men and report greater MDD symptom severity. Mounting evidence suggests that sex differences in MDD may be driven, in part, by sex-specific neurobiological mechanisms. Chronic stress is a significant risk factor in MDD, and preclinical rodent models show differential patterns of stress-induced neural remodeling and cognitive-behavioral dysfunction in males and females. For instance, chronic stress leads to synapse loss in the medial prefrontal cortex in male rodents yet has either no effect on- or increases-synapse number in females. Recent reports have implicated microglia, the immune cells of the brain, in MDD, and findings demonstrate sex-specific microglial signatures in both preclinical stress models and MDD patients. Given that microglia can remodel neural architecture, modulate synaptic transmission, and affect subsequent changes in behavior, it is plausible that microglial pathways contribute to differential stress effects on neuroplasticity and function in males and females. As such, this review examines the evidence for sex-specific microglia-neuron interactions in preclinical stress models and in patients with MDD. Discoveries highlighted herein demonstrate divergent microglial contributions in males and females and suggest that future studies investigating stress-linked disorders should be guided by sex-dependent neurobiological and behavioral findings. Examining these pathways represents a clear avenue toward both a richer understanding of brain, behavior, and immunity, and innovative psychoneuroimmunology-based applications in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.L. Bollinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 2120 East Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, OH, 45237, USA
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25
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Cerritelli F, Frasch MG, Antonelli MC, Viglione C, Vecchi S, Chiera M, Manzotti A. A Review on the Vagus Nerve and Autonomic Nervous System During Fetal Development: Searching for Critical Windows. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:721605. [PMID: 34616274 PMCID: PMC8488382 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.721605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is one of the main biological systems that regulates the body's physiology. Autonomic nervous system regulatory capacity begins before birth as the sympathetic and parasympathetic activity contributes significantly to the fetus' development. In particular, several studies have shown how vagus nerve is involved in many vital processes during fetal, perinatal, and postnatal life: from the regulation of inflammation through the anti-inflammatory cholinergic pathway, which may affect the functioning of each organ, to the production of hormones involved in bioenergetic metabolism. In addition, the vagus nerve has been recognized as the primary afferent pathway capable of transmitting information to the brain from every organ of the body. Therefore, this hypothesis paper aims to review the development of ANS during fetal and perinatal life, focusing particularly on the vagus nerve, to identify possible "critical windows" that could impact its maturation. These "critical windows" could help clinicians know when to monitor fetuses to effectively assess the developmental status of both ANS and specifically the vagus nerve. In addition, this paper will focus on which factors-i.e., fetal characteristics and behaviors, maternal lifestyle and pathologies, placental health and dysfunction, labor, incubator conditions, and drug exposure-may have an impact on the development of the vagus during the above-mentioned "critical window" and how. This analysis could help clinicians and stakeholders define precise guidelines for improving the management of fetuses and newborns, particularly to reduce the potential adverse environmental impacts on ANS development that may lead to persistent long-term consequences. Since the development of ANS and the vagus influence have been shown to be reflected in cardiac variability, this paper will rely in particular on studies using fetal heart rate variability (fHRV) to monitor the continued growth and health of both animal and human fetuses. In fact, fHRV is a non-invasive marker whose changes have been associated with ANS development, vagal modulation, systemic and neurological inflammatory reactions, and even fetal distress during labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cerritelli
- Research and Assistance for Infants to Support Experience Lab, Foundation Center for Osteopathic Medicine Collaboration, Pescara, Italy
| | - Martin G. Frasch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Marta C. Antonelli
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia “Prof. E. De Robertis”, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Chiara Viglione
- Research and Assistance for Infants to Support Experience Lab, Foundation Center for Osteopathic Medicine Collaboration, Pescara, Italy
| | - Stefano Vecchi
- Research and Assistance for Infants to Support Experience Lab, Foundation Center for Osteopathic Medicine Collaboration, Pescara, Italy
| | - Marco Chiera
- Research and Assistance for Infants to Support Experience Lab, Foundation Center for Osteopathic Medicine Collaboration, Pescara, Italy
| | - Andrea Manzotti
- Research and Assistance for Infants to Support Experience Lab, Foundation Center for Osteopathic Medicine Collaboration, Pescara, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, “V. Buzzi” Children's Hospital, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
- Research Department, Istituto Osteopatia Milano, Milan, Italy
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26
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Patel RT, Gallamoza BM, Kulkarni P, Sherer ML, Haas NA, Lemanski E, Malik I, Hekmatyar K, Parcells MS, Schwarz JM. An Examination of the Long-Term Neurodevelopmental Impact of Prenatal Zika Virus Infection in a Rat Model Using a High Resolution, Longitudinal MRI Approach. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061123. [PMID: 34207958 PMCID: PMC8230645 DOI: 10.3390/v13061123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since Zika virus (ZIKV) first emerged as a public health concern in 2015, our ability to identify and track the long-term neurological sequelae of prenatal Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in humans has been limited. Our lab has developed a rat model of maternal ZIKV infection with associated vertical transmission to the fetus that results in significant brain malformations in the neonatal offspring. Here, we use this model in conjunction with longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to expand our understanding of the long-term neurological consequences of prenatal ZIKV infection in order to identify characteristic neurodevelopmental changes and track them across time. We exploited both manual and automated atlas-based segmentation of MR images in order to identify long-term structural changes within the developing rat brain following inoculation. The paradigm involved scanning three cohorts of male and female rats that were prenatally inoculated with 107 PFU ZIKV, 107 UV-inactivated ZIKV (iZIKV), or diluent medium (mock), at 4 different postnatal day (P) age points: P2, P16, P24, and P60. Analysis of tracked brain structures revealed significantly altered development in both the ZIKV and iZIKV rats. Moreover, we demonstrate that prenatal ZIKV infection alters the growth of brain regions throughout the neonatal and juvenile ages. Our findings also suggest that maternal immune activation caused by inactive viral proteins may play a role in altered brain growth throughout development. For the very first time, we introduce manual and automated atlas-based segmentation of neonatal and juvenile rat brains longitudinally. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our novel approach for detecting significant changes in neurodevelopment in models of early-life infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita T. Patel
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; (B.M.G.); (N.A.H.); (E.L.); (J.M.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Brennan M. Gallamoza
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; (B.M.G.); (N.A.H.); (E.L.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Praveen Kulkarni
- Center for Translational Neuroimaging, Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Morgan L. Sherer
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Nicole A. Haas
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; (B.M.G.); (N.A.H.); (E.L.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Elise Lemanski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; (B.M.G.); (N.A.H.); (E.L.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Ibrahim Malik
- Center for Biomedical and Brain Imaging, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; (I.M.); (K.H.)
| | - Khan Hekmatyar
- Center for Biomedical and Brain Imaging, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; (I.M.); (K.H.)
| | - Mark S. Parcells
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;
| | - Jaclyn M. Schwarz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; (B.M.G.); (N.A.H.); (E.L.); (J.M.S.)
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27
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Kim W, An JY. Vaccination-associated acute-onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy followed by acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in a postpartum woman. Acta Neurol Belg 2021; 121:771-774. [PMID: 32808243 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-020-01468-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Woojun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young An
- Department of Neurology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 93-6, Ji-dong, Paldal-gu, Suwon, 442-723, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
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28
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Gutzeit O, Segal L, Korin B, Iluz R, Khatib N, Dabbah-Assadi F, Ginsberg Y, Fainaru O, Ross MG, Weiner Z, Beloosesky R. Progesterone Attenuates Brain Inflammatory Response and Inflammation-Induced Increase in Immature Myeloid Cells in a Mouse Model. Inflammation 2021; 44:956-964. [PMID: 33405022 PMCID: PMC8139904 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone has been shown to regulate immunity during pregnancy, and progesterone administration may reduce inflammation-induced preterm labor. We sought to determine the maternal brain immune response to LPS-induced inflammation in pregnant and non-pregnant mice and whether additional progesterone supplementation attenuates this response. Pregnant (P: n = 9) and non-pregnant mice (NP: n = 9) were randomized to pretreatment with vaginal progesterone/carrier (Replens), daily from days 13 to 16. On days 15 and 16, LPS/saline was administered by intraperitoneal injection (Replens + saline n = 3; Replens + LPS n = 3; progesterone + LPS n = 3). Mice were sacrificed on day 16 and maternal serum analyzed for IL-6 levels and brains analyzed for nNOS, NF-kB, IL-6 protein levels and for immature myeloid cells (IMCs) and microglial activity. LPS significantly increased brain nNOS, NF-kB, and IL-6 in both NP and P mice, with significantly greater responses in P mice. In both NP and P groups, progesterone significantly attenuated LPS-induced increase of nNOS and NF-kB, however with no effect on serum IL-6. In the NP brains, LPS significantly increased IMC population and progesterone reduced the IMC phenotype to levels similar to controls. In P mice, neither LPS nor LPS + progesterone altered the brain IMC population. LPS significantly increased the microglial activity in both NP and P groups, which was attenuated by progesterone. Progesterone attenuates brain inflammatory response to LPS in both NP and P mice although it has no effect on systemic inflammation. In NP mice, progesterone attenuated the increase in brain IMC following LPS administration. Our results suggest that endogenous progesterone during pregnancy may protect the brain from LPS-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Gutzeit
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Rambam Medical Center, 8 Ha'alya St., 3109601, Haifa, Israel
| | - Linoy Segal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Rambam Medical Center, 8 Ha'alya St., 3109601, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ben Korin
- Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Roee Iluz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Rambam Medical Center, 8 Ha'alya St., 3109601, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nizar Khatib
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Rambam Medical Center, 8 Ha'alya St., 3109601, Haifa, Israel
| | - Fadwa Dabbah-Assadi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Rambam Medical Center, 8 Ha'alya St., 3109601, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yuval Ginsberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Rambam Medical Center, 8 Ha'alya St., 3109601, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ofer Fainaru
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Rambam Medical Center, 8 Ha'alya St., 3109601, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michael G Ross
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Zeev Weiner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Rambam Medical Center, 8 Ha'alya St., 3109601, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ron Beloosesky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Rambam Medical Center, 8 Ha'alya St., 3109601, Haifa, Israel.
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29
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McCormack C, Lauriola V, Feng T, Lee S, Spann M, Mitchell A, Champagne F, Monk C. Maternal childhood adversity and inflammation during pregnancy: Interactions with diet quality and depressive symptoms. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 91:172-180. [PMID: 33031919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory processes are a candidate mechanism by which early adversity may be biologically embedded and subsequently lead to poorer health outcomes; in pregnancy, this has been posited as a pathway for intergenerational transmission of adversity. Studies in non-pregnant adults suggest that factors such as mood, diet, BMI, and social support may moderate associations between childhood trauma history and inflammation in adulthood, though few studies have examined these associations among pregnant women. In a sample of healthy pregnant women (N = 187), we analyzed associations between maternal childhood adversity, including maltreatment and non-optimal caregiving experiences, with circulating Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels during trimesters 2 (T2) and 3 (T3) of pregnancy. We also assessed whether these associations were moderated by psychosocial and lifestyle factors including depressive symptoms, social support, physical activity, and diet quality. History of childhood maltreatment was not associated with IL-6 in either T2 or T3 of pregnancy, either independently or in interaction with depressive symptom severity. However, in there was a significant positive association between childhood maltreatment and IL-6 in Trimester 2 in the context of poorer diet quality (p = 0.01), even after adjusting for BMI. Additionally, the quality of caregiving women received in childhood was associated with levels of IL-6 in Trimester 3, but only via interaction with concurrent depressive symptoms (p = 0.02). These findings provide evidence that for those with a history of childhood adversity, levels of inflammatory cytokines in pregnancy may be more sensitive to depressive symptoms and diet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare McCormack
- Center for Science and Society, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Vincenzo Lauriola
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Tianshu Feng
- Department of Biostatistics (in Psychiatry), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Seonjoo Lee
- Department of Biostatistics (in Psychiatry), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Marisa Spann
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Anika Mitchell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Frances Champagne
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Catherine Monk
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10027, USA; Division of Behavioral Medicine, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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30
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Animal models of congenital zika syndrome provide mechanistic insight into viral pathogenesis during pregnancy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008707. [PMID: 33091001 PMCID: PMC7580937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In utero Zika virus (ZIKV; family Flaviviridae) infection causes a distinct pattern of birth defects and disabilities in the developing fetus and neonate that has been termed congenital zika syndrome (CZS). Over 8,000 children were affected by the 2016 to 2017 ZIKV outbreak in the Americas, many of whom developed CZS as a result of in utero exposure. To date, there is no consensus about how ZIKV causes CZS; animal models, however, are providing mechanistic insights. Using nonhuman primates, immunocompromised mice, immunocompetent mice, and other animal models (e.g., pigs, sheep, guinea pigs, and hamsters), studies are showing that maternal immunological responses, placental infection and inflammation, as well as viral genetic factors play significant roles in predicting the downstream consequences of in utero ZIKV infection on the development of CZS in offspring. There are thousands of children suffering from adverse consequences of CZS. Therefore, the animal models developed to study ZIKV-induced adverse outcomes in offspring could provide mechanistic insights into how other viruses, including influenza and hepatitis C viruses, impact placental viability and fetal growth to cause long-term adverse outcomes in an effort to identify therapeutic treatments.
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Morrison KE. Animal models built for women's brain health: Progress and potential. Front Neuroendocrinol 2020; 59:100872. [PMID: 32961121 PMCID: PMC7669558 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2020.100872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Women and men have different levels of risk for a variety of brain disorders. Despite this well-known epidemiological finding, preclinical work utilizing animal models has historically only included male animals. The policies of funders to require consideration of sex as a biological variable has shifted the momentum to include female animals in preclinical neuroscience and to report findings by sex. However, there are many biological questions related to brain health that go beyond sex differences and are indeed specific to women. Here, the focus is on why animal models should be utilized in the pursuit of understanding women's brain health, a brief overview of what they have provided thus far, and why they still hold tremendous promise. This review concludes with a set of suggestions for how to begin to pursue translational animal models in a way that facilitates rapid success and harnesses the most powerful aspects of animal models.
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Qiu W, Duarte-Guterman P, Eid RS, Go KA, Lamers Y, Galea LA. Postpartum fluoxetine increased maternal inflammatory signalling and decreased tryptophan metabolism: Clues for efficacy. Neuropharmacology 2020; 175:108174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Barth C, de Lange AMG. Towards an understanding of women's brain aging: the immunology of pregnancy and menopause. Front Neuroendocrinol 2020; 58:100850. [PMID: 32504632 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2020.100850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Women are at significantly greater risk of developing Alzheimer's disease and show higher prevalence of autoimmune conditions relative to men. Women's brain health is historically understudied, and little is therefore known about the mechanisms underlying epidemiological sex differences in neurodegenerative diseases, and how female-specific factors may influence women's brain health across the lifespan. In this review, we summarize recent studies on the immunology of pregnancy and menopause, emphasizing that these major immunoendocrine transition phases may play a critical part in women's brain aging trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Barth
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ann-Marie G de Lange
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK.
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Li Y, Li S, Xia Y, Li X, Chen T, Yan J, Wang Y. Alteration of liver immunity by increasing inflammatory response during co-administration of methamphetamine and atazanavir. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 42:237-245. [PMID: 32249638 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1745829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Use of methamphetamine (METH) is prevalent among HIV-infected individuals. Previous research has shown that both METH and HIV protease inhibitors exert influences on mitochondrial respiratory metabolism and hepatic nervous system. This study aims to study the joint effect of METH and HIV protease inhibitors on hepatic immune function.Materials and methods: Based on the differentially expressed genes obtained from RNA-seq of the liver from mouse model, the expression levels of CD48 and Macrophage Receptor with Collagenous Structure (MARCO) were examined using qRT-PCR and flow cytometry, and the expression and secretion of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ, IFN-β, and TNF-α were determined using qRT-PCR and ELISA in THP-1-derived macrophages.Results: Our results indicated that compared with the control group, CD48 molecules were significantly down-regulated by METH-atazanavir co-treatment, and the expression level of CD48 decreased as METH concentration increases. MARCO molecules were increased, especially at larger doses of METH and atazanavir treatment. In addition, in the presence of METH-atazanavir, the expression and secretion of a series of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 increased while the expression and secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 decreased.Conclusion: These results demonstrated that METH and atazanavir had a combined impact on the liver immunity, suggesting that the co-treatment could enhance inflammatory response and suppress NK cell activation via CD48.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Li
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Sangsang Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xiangrong Li
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Tingjun Chen
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
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Grattan DR, Ladyman SR. Neurophysiological and cognitive changes in pregnancy. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2020; 171:25-55. [PMID: 32736755 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64239-4.00002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The hormonal fluctuations in pregnancy drive a wide range of adaptive changes in the maternal brain. These range from specific neurophysiological changes in the patterns of activity of individual neuronal populations, through to complete modification of circuit characteristics leading to fundamental changes in behavior. From a neurologic perspective, the key hormone changes are those of the sex steroids, estradiol and progesterone, secreted first from the ovary and then from the placenta, the adrenal glucocorticoid cortisol, as well as the anterior pituitary peptide hormone prolactin and its pregnancy-specific homolog placental lactogen. All of these hormones are markedly elevated during pregnancy and cross the blood-brain barrier to exert actions on neuronal populations through receptors expressed in specific regions. Many of the hormone-induced changes are in autonomic or homeostatic systems. For example, patterns of oxytocin and prolactin secretion are dramatically altered to support novel physiological functions. Appetite is increased and feedback responses to metabolic hormones such as leptin and insulin are suppressed to promote a positive energy balance. Fundamental physiological systems such as glucose homeostasis and thermoregulation are modified to optimize conditions for fetal development. In addition to these largely autonomic changes, there are also changes in mood, behavior, and higher processes such as cognition. This chapter summarizes the hormonal changes associated with pregnancy and reviews how these changes impact on brain function, drawing on examples from animal research, as well as available information about human pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Grattan
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Sharon R Ladyman
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Gomez J, Haas NA, Schwarz JM. An IL-6 receptor antagonist attenuates postpartum anhedonia, but has no effect on anhedonia precipitated by subchronic stress in female rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:2983-2995. [PMID: 30830260 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05194-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Nearly 60-80% of women experience some form of sadness, anxiety, or anhedonia in the weeks following the birth of a child (Patel et al. 23(2):534-42, 2012; Degner 10: 359;j4692, 2017); however, the exact mechanisms that precipitate these changes in mood postpartum are still unknown. It is well-known that the function of the peripheral immune system is significantly altered during pregnancy in order to protect the developing fetus from being rejected by the maternal immune system (Fallon et al. 17(1):7-17, 2002), and we have recently found a dramatic change in the central immune system during and just after pregnancy in female rats (Sherer et al. 66:201-209, 2017). We observed anhedonia in Sprague-Dawley rat dams on the day of birth that is associated with an increase in interleukin (IL)-6 expression in the brain on the day of birth (Posillico and Schwarz 298(Pt B):218-28, 2016). OBJECTIVES The goal of the current experiments was to determine whether inhibiting the IL-6 receptor could prevent onset of this postpartum anhedonia, or anhedonia precipitated by subchronic stress in non-pregnant females. RESULTS Treatment with an IL-6 receptor antibody attenuated postpartum anhedonia as characterized by a decrease in sucrose preference. In contrast, this antibody had no effect on the decrease in sucrose preference induced following a week of forced swim stress in non-pregnant female rats. CONCLUSIONS The results of these studies suggest that the molecular mechanisms that underlie the onset of anhedonia following birth or mild stress in female rats may be distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Gomez
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, 108 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
| | - Nicole A Haas
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, 108 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Jaclyn M Schwarz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, 108 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
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37
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Schwarz JM. Frank Beach Award Winner - The future of mental health research: Examining the interactions of the immune, endocrine and nervous systems between mother and infant and how they affect mental health. Horm Behav 2019; 114:104521. [PMID: 30981689 PMCID: PMC7367439 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy and the postpartum period are periods of significant change in the immune and endocrine systems. This period of life is also associated with an increased risk of mental health disorders in the mother, and an increased risk of developmental and neuropsychiatric disorders in her infant. The collective data described here supports the idea that peripartum mood disorders in mother and developmental disorders in her infant likely reflects multiple pathogeneses, stemming from various interactions between the immune, endocrine and nervous systems, thereby resulting in various symptom constellations. In this case, testing the mechanisms underlying specific symptoms of these disorders (e.g. deficits in specific types of learning or anhedonia) may provide a better understanding of the various physiological interactions and multiple etiologies that most likely underlie the risk of mental health disorders during this unique time in life. The goal here is to summarize the current understanding of how immune and endocrine factors contribute to maternal mental health, while simultaneously understanding the impact these unique interactions have on the developing brain of her infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn M Schwarz
- University of Delaware, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 108 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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38
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Stary CM, Xu L, Voloboueva LA, Alcántara-Hernández M, Arvola OJ, Idoyaga J, Giffard RG. Nursing Markedly Protects Postpartum Mice From Stroke: Associated Central and Peripheral Neuroimmune Changes and a Role for Oxytocin. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:609. [PMID: 31354401 PMCID: PMC6637858 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrate significant neuroimmune changes in postpartum females, a period that also carries an increased risk of stroke. Oxytocin, a major hormone upregulated in the brains of nursing mothers, has been shown to both modulate neuroinflammation and protect against stroke. In the present study we assessed whether and how nursing modulates the neuroimmune response and injury after stroke. We observed that postpartum nursing mice were markedly protected from 1 h of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) relative to either non-pregnant/non-postpartum or non-nursing (pups removed) postpartum females. Nursing mice also expressed reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, had decreased migration of blood leukocytes into the brain following MCAO, and displayed peripheral neuroimmune changes characterized by increased spleen weight and increased fraction of spleen monocytes. Intranasal oxytocin treatment in non-pregnant females in part recapitulated the protective and anti-inflammatory effects associated with nursing. In summary, the results of the present study demonstrate that nursing in the postpartum period provides relative protection against transient ischemic stroke associated with decreased brain leukocytes and increased splenic monocytes. These effects appear to be regulated, at least in part, by oxytocin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Creed M Stary
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Lijun Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ludmilla A Voloboueva
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Marcela Alcántara-Hernández
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford, CA, United States.,Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Oiva J Arvola
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Juliana Idoyaga
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford, CA, United States.,Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Rona G Giffard
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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Barrientos RM, Brunton PJ, Lenz KM, Pyter L, Spencer SJ. Neuroimmunology of the female brain across the lifespan: Plasticity to psychopathology. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 79:39-55. [PMID: 30872093 PMCID: PMC6591071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The female brain is highly dynamic and can fundamentally remodel throughout the normal ovarian cycle as well as in critical life stages including perinatal development, pregnancy and old-age. As such, females are particularly vulnerable to infections, psychological disorders, certain cancers, and cognitive impairments. We will present the latest evidence on the female brain; how it develops through the neonatal period; how it changes through the ovarian cycle in normal individuals; how it adapts to pregnancy and postpartum; how it responds to illness and disease, particularly cancer; and, finally, how it is shaped by old age. Throughout, we will highlight female vulnerability to and resilience against disease and dysfunction in the face of environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Barrientos
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Wexner Medical Centre, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Centre, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; Chronic Brain Injury Program, Discovery Themes Initiative, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - P J Brunton
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, Scotland, UK; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Joint Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Haining, Zhejiang 314400, PR China
| | - K M Lenz
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Wexner Medical Centre, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; Department of Psychology, Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - L Pyter
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Wexner Medical Centre, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Centre, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - S J Spencer
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic. 3083, Australia.
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Lambert M, Gressier F. [Inflammatory Biomarkers and Postpartum Depression: A Systematic Review of Literature]. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2019; 64:471-481. [PMID: 30808206 PMCID: PMC6610561 DOI: 10.1177/0706743719828970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Postpartum Depression (PPD) affects over 15% new mothers. Its etiology is multifactorial and still partly unknown. Some hypotheses suggest a link with inflammation. This review aims to explore the existence of inflammatory biomarkers associated with PPD. The possibility of potential adjunct treatments, linked with these biomarkers, will be discussed. METHOD The systematic review of literature was performed using in PubMed, PsycInfo and Embase, and 25 articles were included. Various biomarkers were identified. The most often studied are C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukins 6 and 10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma. RESULTS Although few results appear as significant during the various testing times, the dosage of some inflammation biomarkers, including CRP, at the very end of pregnancy or immediately after delivery could predict PPD. Interactions between inflammation and the corticotropic axis could explain PPD onset. Epigenetic mechanisms could lead to pro-inflammatory state. Several therapeutics provide interest due to their anti-inflammatory property. CONCLUSIONS Further studies are needed to assess these biomarkers value as predictive factors of PPD and to consider adjunct treatments to antidepressants. If this value is confirmed, the inflammatory marker dosage, in particular CRP, could help to provide early screening of women at risk of PPD, parallel of the clinical evaluation. A zinc supplementation could then be offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Lambert
- 1 Interne DES psychiatrie Ile de France, Service de Psychiatrie, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Florence Gressier
- 2 Responsable de l'Unité de Psychiatrie Périnatale du CHU de Bicêtre, CESP, Inserm UMR1178, Univ Paris Sud, Service de Psychiatrie, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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Sherer ML, Khanal P, Talham G, Brannick EM, Parcells MS, Schwarz JM. Zika virus infection of pregnant rats and associated neurological consequences in the offspring. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218539. [PMID: 31220154 PMCID: PMC6586346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus associated with microcephaly and other neurological disorders in infants born to infected mothers. Despite being declared an international emergency by the World Health Organization, very little is known about the mechanisms of ZIKV pathogenesis or the long-term consequences of maternal ZIKV infection in the affected offspring, largely due to the lack of appropriate rodent models. To address this issue, our lab has developed a working model of prenatal ZIKV infection in rats. In this study, we infected immune competent pregnant female rats with 105-107 PFU of ZIKV (PRVABC59, Puerto Rico/Human/Dec 2015) in order to examine its pathogenesis in the dams and pups. We examined the febrile response and sickness behavior in the dams, in addition to neonatal mortality, microglia morphology, cortical organization, apoptosis, and brain region-specific volumes in the offspring. Here, we demonstrate that pregnant and non-pregnant female rats have a distinct febrile response to ZIKV infection. Moreover, prenatal ZIKV infection increased cell death and reduced tissue volume in the hippocampus and cortex in the neonatal offspring. For the first time, we demonstrate the efficacy and validity of an immunocompetent rat model for maternal ZIKV infection that results in significant brain malformations in the neonatal offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan L. Sherer
- University of Delaware, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Pragyan Khanal
- University of Delaware, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Gwen Talham
- University of Delaware, Office of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Erin M. Brannick
- University of Delaware, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Mark S. Parcells
- University of Delaware, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Jaclyn M. Schwarz
- University of Delaware, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
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42
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Nelson LH, Saulsbery AI, Lenz KM. Small cells with big implications: Microglia and sex differences in brain development, plasticity and behavioral health. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 176:103-119. [PMID: 30193820 PMCID: PMC8008579 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Brain sex differences are programmed largely by sex hormone secretions and direct sex chromosome effects in early life, and are subsequently modulated by early life experiences. The brain's resident immune cells, called microglia, actively contribute to brain development. Recent research has shown that microglia are sexually dimorphic, especially during early life, and may participate in sex-specific organization of the brain and behavior. Likewise, sex differences in immune cells and their signaling in the adult brain have been found, although in most cases their function remains unclear. Additionally, immune cells and their signaling have been implicated in many disorders in which brain development or plasticity is altered, including autism, schizophrenia, pain disorders, major depression, and postpartum depression. This review summarizes what is currently known about sex differences in neuroimmune function in development and during other major phases of brain plasticity, as well as the current state of knowledge regarding sex-specific neuroimmune function in psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars H Nelson
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Angela I Saulsbery
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kathryn M Lenz
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Duarte-Guterman P, Leuner B, Galea LAM. The long and short term effects of motherhood on the brain. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 53:100740. [PMID: 30826374 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Becoming a mother is associated with dramatic changes in physiology, endocrinology, immune function, and behaviour that begins during pregnancy and persists into the postpartum. Evidence also suggests that motherhood is accompanied by long-term changes in brain function. In this review, we summarize the short (pregnancy and postpartum) and long-term (beyond the postpartum and into middle age) effects of pregnancy and motherhood on cognition, neuroplasticity, and neuroimmune signalling. We also discuss the effects of previous history of pregnancy and motherhood (parity) on brain health and disease (neurodegenerative diseases and stroke outcomes) and on efficacy of hormone and antidepressant treatments. Finally, we argue that pregnancy and motherhood are unique female experiences that need to be taken into account to better understand female brain function and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Duarte-Guterman
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Benedetta Leuner
- Department of Psychology and Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Liisa A M Galea
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. http://galealab.psych.ubc.ca
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Sathyanarayanan G, Thippeswamy H, Mani R, Venkataswamy M, Kumar M, Philip M, Chandra PS. Cytokine alterations in first-onset postpartum psychosis-clues for underlying immune dysregulation. Asian J Psychiatr 2019; 42:74-78. [PMID: 30974307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests a possible role for immune system dysregulation in the pathogenesis of postpartum psychosis (PP) but the evidence is limited. The current study sought to determine the serum cytokines/ chemokine changes associated with first-onset PP. METHODS Women with first onset PP were recruited as cases and the cytokines/ chemokine changes were compared against healthy postpartum (HP) and healthy non-postpartum (HNP) women.There were 20 subjects in each of the three groups. Levels of serum cytokines and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) were estimated with a cytometric beadarray assay. RESULTS HP group showed significantly elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-6 as compared to HNP group. Whereas, the first onset PP group showed significantly elevated levels of both IL-6 and IL-8 as compared to HNP group. CONCLUSION Postpartum period appears to be a state of altered immune functioning considering the elevated level of IL-6 in both HP and PP group. Additionally, IL-8 appears to play a role in the manifestation of PP. Our study highlights the immune alterations associated with first-onset PP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopinath Sathyanarayanan
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, 560029, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Harish Thippeswamy
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, 560029, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
| | - Reeta Mani
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, 560029, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjunatha Venkataswamy
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, 560029, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mahesh Kumar
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, 560029, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mariamma Philip
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, 560029, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Prabha S Chandra
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, 560029, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Bränn E, Edvinsson Å, Rostedt Punga A, Sundström-Poromaa I, Skalkidou A. Inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers in plasma: from late pregnancy to early postpartum. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1863. [PMID: 30755659 PMCID: PMC6372606 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38304-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, the woman's body undergoes tremendous changes in immune system adaptation. The immunological shifts that occur in pregnancy can partially be explained by alterations in hormonal levels. Furthermore, during pregnancy, many autoimmune diseases go into remission, only to flare again in the early postpartum period. Given these important changes in the clinical course of a number of autoimmune disorders, surprisingly little has been done to investigate the inflammatory profile changes across pregnancy and the postpartum period. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe how inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers change from late pregnancy to the early postpartum period, using a multiplexed assay consisting of both well-known as well as exploratory proteins. Two-hundred-and-ninety women were included in this study and donated a total of 312 blood samples; 198 in late pregnancy (~gw38) and 114 in the postpartum period (~w8). The plasma blood samples were analyzed for 92 immune system related protein markers using Proseek Multiplex Inflammation I panel, a high-sensitivity assay based on proximity extension assay technology. Fifty-six inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers were significantly different between pregnancy and the postpartum, of which 50 survived corrections for multiple comparisons. Out of these 50 markers, 41 decreased from pregnancy to postpartum, while the remaining 9 increased in the postpartum period. The top five markers with the greatest decrease in the postpartum period were Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIF-R), Latency-associated peptide Transforming growth factor beta-1 (LAP TGF-beta-1), C-C motif chemokine 28 (CCL28), Oncostatin M (OSM) and Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). Top three markers that increased in the postpartum period were Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (TRANCE), Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 12 (TWEAK), and C-C motif chemokine/Eotaxin (CCL11). This study revealed that the majority of the markers decreased from pregnancy to postpartum, and only a few increased. Several of the top proteins that were higher in pregnancy than postpartum have anti-inflammatory and immune modulatory properties promoting pregnancy progress. These results clearly reflect the tremendous change in the immune system in the pregnancy to postpartum transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Bränn
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åsa Edvinsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | | | | | - Alkistis Skalkidou
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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The psychoneuroimmunology of pregnancy. Front Neuroendocrinol 2018; 51:25-35. [PMID: 29110974 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy is associated with a number of significant changes in maternal physiology. Perhaps one of the more notable changes is the significant alteration in immune function that occurs during pregnancy. This change in immune function is necessary to support a successful pregnancy, but also creates a unique period of life during which a female is susceptible to disease and, as we'll speculate here, may also contribute to mental health disorders associated with pregnancy and the postpartum period. Here, we review the known changes in peripheral immune function that occur during pregnancy and the postpartum period, while highlighting the impact of hormones during these times on immune function, brain or neural function, as well as behavior. We also discuss the known and possible impact of pregnancy-induced immune changes on neural function during this time and briefly discuss how these changes might be a risk factor for perinatal anxiety or mood disorders.
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Bränn E, Fransson E, White RA, Papadopoulos FC, Edvinsson Å, Kamali-Moghaddam M, Cunningham JL, Sundström-Poromaa I, Skalkidou A. Inflammatory markers in women with postpartum depressive symptoms. J Neurosci Res 2018; 98:1309-1321. [PMID: 30252150 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a devastating disorder affecting not only more than 10% of all women giving birth, but also the baby, the family, and the society. Compiling evidence suggests the involvement of the immune system in the pathophysiology of major depression; yet, the immune response in perinatal depression is not as well studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the alterations in peripheral levels of inflammatory biomarkers in 169 Swedish women with and without depressive symptoms according to the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale or the M.I.N.I neuropsychiatric interview at eight weeks postpartum. Among the 70 markers analyzed with multiplex proximity extension assay, five were significantly elevated in women with postpartum depressive symptoms in the adjusted LASSO logistic regression analysis: Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member (TRANCE) (OR-per 1 SD increase = 1.20), Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) (OR = 1.17) Interleukin (IL)-18 (OR = 1.06), Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) (OR = 1.25), and C-X-C motif chemokine 1 (CXCL1) (OR 1.11). These results indicate that women with PPD have elevated levels of some inflammatory biomarkers. It is, therefore, plausible that PPD is associated with a compromised adaptability of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Bränn
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emma Fransson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Åsa Edvinsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Masood Kamali-Moghaddam
- Department of Immunology, Genetics & Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Janet L Cunningham
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Alkistis Skalkidou
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Reyes-Lagos JJ, Ledesma-Ramírez CI, Pliego-Carrillo AC, Peña-Castillo MÁ, Echeverría JC, Becerril-Villanueva E, Pavón L, Pacheco-López G. Neuroautonomic activity evidences parturition as a complex and integrated neuro-immune-endocrine process. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1437:22-30. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Miguel Ángel Peña-Castillo
- Basic Sciences and Engineering Division, Campus Iztapalapa; Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM); Mexico City Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Echeverría
- Basic Sciences and Engineering Division, Campus Iztapalapa; Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM); Mexico City Mexico
| | - Enrique Becerril-Villanueva
- Department of Psychoimmunology; National Institute of Psychiatry (INP) Ramon de la Fuente; Mexico City Mexico
| | - Lenin Pavón
- Department of Psychoimmunology; National Institute of Psychiatry (INP) Ramon de la Fuente; Mexico City Mexico
| | - Gustavo Pacheco-López
- Biological and Health Sciences Division, Campus Lerma; Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM); Lerma Mexico
- Department of Health Sciences, and Technology; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich; Schwerzenbach Switzerland
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