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Mondello C, Micali A, Baldino G, Cardia L, Alibrandi A, Asmundo A, Sapienza D, Puzzolo D, Ventura Spagnolo E. "Immunohistochemical analysis of Sigma-1 receptor (σ-1R) expression in human pineal gland in relation to different causes of death". Leg Med (Tokyo) 2024; 69:102434. [PMID: 38493555 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptor (σ-1R) modulates cellular signaling pathways, probably acting as a ligand operated chaperone. When activated, the receptor translocates from the interface mitochondrion associated membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell membrane. σ-1R was demonstrated in some brain regions, including the pineal gland, and was proposed to be involved in several cerebral processes, including neuroprotective responses against homeostasis alterations. On this basis, the immunohistochemical expression of σ-1R in human pineal glands was evaluated, with particular regard to the different causes of death. Thirty-eight pineal glands obtained from forensic autopsies were divided into five groups according to the cause of death: sudden death, drowning, fire fatality, hanging, and hemorrhagic shock, and examined with hematoxylin-eosin stain and immunohistochemistry for σ-1R. Both pinealocytes and perivascular spaces were evaluated. The pineal glands from sudden death were only mildly positive for σ-1R, while a more evident immunopositivity was observed in hanging, fire fatality, hemorrhagic shock, and drowning. These results were confirmed in a two-by-two comparison between the sudden death group and other groups. Our data demonstrate for the first time with immunohistochemical techniques the presence of σ-1R expression in the human pineal gland and propose a direct correlation between σ-1R expression and duration of the death process, in particular when hypoxic conditions and/or excessive psychological stress are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mondello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Micali
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Gazzi, Italy
| | - Gennaro Baldino
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Cardia
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Gazzi, Italy
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Department of Economics, Unit of Statistical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Messina, Via dei Verdi 75, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessio Asmundo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Sapienza
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Puzzolo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Elvira Ventura Spagnolo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 Messina, Italy.
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Wang T, Jia H. The Sigma Receptors in Alzheimer's Disease: New Potential Targets for Diagnosis and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12025. [PMID: 37569401 PMCID: PMC10418732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sigma (σ) receptors are a class of unique proteins with two subtypes: the sigma-1 (σ1) receptor which is situated at the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane (MAM), and the sigma-2 (σ2) receptor, located in the ER-resident membrane. Increasing evidence indicates the involvement of both σ1 and σ2 receptors in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and thus these receptors represent two potentially effective biomarkers for emerging AD therapies. The availability of optimal radioligands for positron emission tomography (PET) neuroimaging of the σ1 and σ2 receptors in humans will provide tools to monitor AD progression and treatment outcomes. In this review, we first summarize the significance of both receptors in the pathophysiology of AD and highlight AD therapeutic strategies related to the σ1 and σ2 receptors. We then survey the potential PET radioligands, with an emphasis on the requirements of optimal radioligands for imaging the σ1 or σ2 receptors in humans. Finally, we discuss current challenges in the development of PET radioligands for the σ1 or σ2 receptors, and the opportunities for neuroimaging to elucidate the σ1 and σ2 receptors as novel biomarkers for early AD diagnosis, and for monitoring of disease progression and AD drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Hongmei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
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Lizama BN, Kahle J, Catalano SM, Caggiano AO, Grundman M, Hamby ME. Sigma-2 Receptors—From Basic Biology to Therapeutic Target: A Focus on Age-Related Degenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076251. [PMID: 37047224 PMCID: PMC10093856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a large unmet medical need to develop disease-modifying treatment options for individuals with age-related degenerative diseases of the central nervous system. The sigma-2 receptor (S2R), encoded by TMEM97, is expressed in brain and retinal cells, and regulates cell functions via its co-receptor progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1), and through other protein–protein interactions. Studies describing functions of S2R involve the manipulation of expression or pharmacological modulation using exogenous small-molecule ligands. These studies demonstrate that S2R modulates key pathways involved in age-related diseases including autophagy, trafficking, oxidative stress, and amyloid-β and α-synuclein toxicity. Furthermore, S2R modulation can ameliorate functional deficits in cell-based and animal models of disease. This review summarizes the current evidence-based understanding of S2R biology and function, and its potential as a therapeutic target for age-related degenerative diseases of the central nervous system, including Alzheimer’s disease, α-synucleinopathies, and dry age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael Grundman
- Global R&D Partners, LLC., San Diego, CA 92130, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mary E. Hamby
- Cognition Therapeutics, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA
- Correspondence:
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Kiriyama A, Kimura S, Yamashita S. Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Models of an Alzheimer's Drug, Donepezil, in Rats. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:329-337. [PMID: 36810198 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.001061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the relationship between the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of donepezil (Don), simultaneous examination of the PK of Don and the change in acetylcholine (ACh) in the cerebral hippocampus was analyzed using microdialysis in rats. Don plasma concentrations reached their maximum at the end of a 30-minute infusion. The maximum plasma concentrations (Cmaxs) of the major active metabolite, 6-O-desmethyl donepezil, were 9.38 and 13.3 ng/ml at 60 minutes after starting infusions at 1.25 and 2.5 mg/kg doses, respectively. The amount of ACh in the brain increased shortly after the start of the infusion and reached the maximum value at about 30 to 45 minutes, then decreased to the baseline with a slight delay from the transition of the Don concentration in plasma at a 2.5 mg/kg dose. However, the 1.25 mg/kg group showed little increase in ACh in the brain. The PK/PD models of Don, which were constructed using a general 2-compartment PK model with/without Michaelis-Menten metabolism and the suppressive effect of conversion of ACh to choline using an ordinary indirect response model, were able to effectively simulate Don's plasma and ACh profiles. The ACh profile in the cerebral hippocampus at a 1.25 mg/kg dose was effectively simulated using both constructed PK/PD models and parameters obtained at a 2.5 mg/kg dose by the PK/PD models and indicated that Don largely had no effect on ACh. When these models were used to simulate at 5 mg/kg, the Don PK were nearly linear, whereas the ACh transition had a different profile to lower doses. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Efficacy/safety of a drug and its pharmacokinetics (PK) are closely correlated. Therefore, it is important to understand the relationship between the drug's PK and its pharmacodynamics (PD). A quantitative procedure of achieving these goals is the PK/PD analysis. We constructed the PK/PD models of donepezil in rats. These models can predict the acetylcholine-time profiles from the PK. The modeling technique is a potential therapeutic application to predict the effect when changes in the PK are caused by pathological condition and co-administered drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Kiriyama
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kimura
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shugo Yamashita
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
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Edmiston EA, Bej TA, Wilson B, Jump RLP, Phillips JA. Donepezil-associated survival benefits among Alzheimer's disease patients are retained but not enhanced during COVID-19 infections. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2023; 10:20499361231174289. [PMID: 37234745 PMCID: PMC10203853 DOI: 10.1177/20499361231174289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Donepezil is a front-line treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Donepezil treatment is associated with decreased risk of all-cause mortality. Specific protection is observed in pneumonia and cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that donepezil treatment would improve mortality among Alzheimer's patients following infection with COVID-19. The objective of this study is to assess the influence of ongoing donepezil treatment on survival in Alzheimer's disease patients after polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 infection. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study. We conducted a national survey of Veterans with Alzheimer's disease to assess the influence of ongoing donepezil treatment on survival in Alzheimer's disease patients after PCR-confirmed COVID-19 infection. We assessed all-cause 30-day mortality stratified by COVID-19 infection and donepezil use, estimating odds ratios using multivariate logistic regression. Results Among people with Alzheimer's disease and COVID-19, all-cause 30-day mortality was 29% (47/163) for people taking donepezil compared with 38% (159/419) for those who were not. Among people with Alzheimer's disease without COVID-19, all-cause 30-day mortality was 5% (189/4189) for people taking donepezil compared with 7% (712/10,241) for those who were not. Adjusting for covariates, the decrease in mortality associated with donepezil did not differ between people with and without COVID-19 (interaction p = 0.710). Conclusion The known survival benefits of donepezil were retained but not found to be specific to COVID-19 among people with Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Edmiston
- Interprofessional Improvement Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Taissa A. Bej
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Brigid Wilson
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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An Y, Qi Y, Li Y, Li Z, Yang C, Jia D. Activation of the sigma-1 receptor attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption by inhibiting amyloid deposition in Alzheimer's disease mice. Neurosci Lett 2022; 774:136528. [PMID: 35157973 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The sigma-1 receptor is an important target for drug development in several neuropsychiatric diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Accumulating evidence has shown that the integrity and functional activity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in AD are impaired, which is closely related to the movement of amyloid beta (Aβ) across the BBB and the formation of Aβ plaques. In this study, we investigated the effects of sigma-1 receptor activation on BBB disruption and Aβ levels in AD mice. We found that PRE-084, a sigma-1 receptor agonist, attenuated learning and memory deficits in Aβ-injected mice, significantly increased levels of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP-1), and lowered the Aβ level synergistically in the brain. Moreover, the upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels through the sigma-1 receptor may be involved in the reduction of the BBB permeability by PRE-084. The identification of this previously unexplored role of the sigma-1 receptor in alleviating BBB disruption via upregulating the levels of VEGF and LRP-1 in AD suggests that reversing BBB dysfunction through sigma-1 receptor activation may be a promising treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang An
- College of Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110034, PR China
| | - Yue Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Liaoning Chinese Medical University, Shenyang 110034, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110034, PR China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, PR China
| | - Caiyu Yang
- College of Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110034, PR China
| | - Dong Jia
- College of Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110034, PR China.
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Borbély E, Varga V, Szögi T, Schuster I, Bozsó Z, Penke B, Fülöp L. Impact of Two Neuronal Sigma-1 Receptor Modulators, PRE084 and DMT, on Neurogenesis and Neuroinflammation in an Aβ 1-42-Injected, Wild-Type Mouse Model of AD. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2514. [PMID: 35269657 PMCID: PMC8910266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia characterized by cognitive dysfunctions. Pharmacological interventions to slow the progression of AD are intensively studied. A potential direction targets neuronal sigma-1 receptors (S1Rs). S1R ligands are recognized as promising therapeutic agents that may alleviate symptom severity of AD, possibly via preventing amyloid-β-(Aβ-) induced neurotoxicity on the endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated pathways. Furthermore, S1Rs may also modulate adult neurogenesis, and the impairment of this process is reported to be associated with AD. We aimed to investigate the effects of two S1R agonists, dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and PRE084, in an Aβ-induced in vivo mouse model characterizing neurogenic and anti-neuroinflammatory symptoms of AD, and the modulatory effects of S1R agonists were analyzed by immunohistochemical methods and western blotting. DMT, binding moderately to S1R but with high affinity to 5-HT receptors, negatively influenced neurogenesis, possibly as a result of activating both receptors differently. In contrast, the highly selective S1R agonist PRE084 stimulated hippocampal cell proliferation and differentiation. Regarding neuroinflammation, DMT and PRE084 significantly reduced Aβ1-42-induced astrogliosis, but neither had remarkable effects on microglial activation. In summary, the highly selective S1R agonist PRE084 may be a promising therapeutic agent for AD. Further studies are required to clarify the multifaceted neurogenic and anti-neuroinflammatory roles of these agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lívia Fülöp
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm Tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (E.B.); (V.V.); (T.S.); (I.S.); (Z.B.); (B.P.)
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Bag Soytas R, Arman P, Suzan V, Emiroglu Gedik T, Unal D, Suna Erdincler D, Doventas A, Yavuzer H. Association between anticholinergic drug burden with sarcopenia, anthropometric measurements, and comprehensive geriatric assessment parameters in older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2021; 99:104618. [PMID: 34990930 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older patients use multiple drugs due to their comorbidities and most of these drugs have anticholinergic drug burden (ADB). We aimed to investigate the association between ADB and sarcopenia, anthropometric measurements, and comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) parameters in older adults. METHODS Patients ≥65 years who applied to geriatrics outpatient clinic between January 2019-March 2020 were included. Patients with cognitive dysfunction were excluded. CGA tests were conducted on patients. Handgrip strength (HGS), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and a 6-meter walking test were used for sarcopenia definition. The Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) scale was used to calculate the ADB. RESULTS Totally 256 patients (women/men:180/76) were included. The mean age was 82±6.8. Two groups were created as without ADB (n=116) and with ADB (n=140). Sarcopenia was higher in the ADB group (p=0.04). In women and men as ADB increased HGS decreased (respectively; p=0.023 r=-0.170, p=0.031 r=-0.248) and Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL) test score increased (respectively; p= <0.001 r= 0.292, p=0.04 r= 0.244). In the linear regression (LR) analysis age and BADL test score had significant association with ADB in women (respectively; p=0.001, p=0.023). CONCLUSION The finding that sarcopenia is higher in the patients with ADB and HGS decreases as ADB increases, suggesting that ADB may be a risk factor for sarcopenia by decreasing HGS. Also, it has been determined that, especially in older women, as ADB increases, the dependence on basic daily living activities increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Bag Soytas
- Department of Geriatrics, Başakşehir Çam ve Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Pinar Arman
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Veysel Suzan
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugce Emiroglu Gedik
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Damla Unal
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Suna Erdincler
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Doventas
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Yavuzer
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Istanbul, Turkey
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Wu NH, Ye Y, Wan BB, Yu YD, Liu C, Chen QJ. Emerging Benefits: Pathophysiological Functions and Target Drugs of the Sigma-1 Receptor in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5649-5666. [PMID: 34383254 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02524-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) is encoded by the SIGMAR1 gene and is a nonopioid transmembrane receptor located in the mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM). It helps to locate endoplasmic reticulum calcium channels, regulates calcium homeostasis, and acts as a molecular chaperone to control cell fate and participate in signal transduction. It plays an important role in protecting neurons through a variety of signaling pathways and participates in the regulation of cognition and motor behavior closely related to neurodegenerative diseases. Based on its neuroprotective effects, Sig-1R has now become a breakthrough target for alleviating Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. This article reviews the most cutting-edge research on the function of Sig-1R under normal or pathologic conditions and target drugs of the sigma-1 receptor in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Hua Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, Hubei, China
- Basic Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, Hubei, China
| | - Bin-Bin Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan-Dong Yu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, Hubei, China.
| | - Qing-Jie Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, Hubei, China.
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Ma WH, Chen AF, Xie XY, Huang YS. Sigma ligands as potent inhibitors of Aβ and AβOs in neurons and promising therapeutic agents of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2021; 190:108342. [PMID: 33045243 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease and characterized by dementia, memory decline, loss of learning and cognitive disorder. The main pathological features of AD are the deposition of amyloid plaques and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain. The current anti-AD drugs have shown unsatisfactory therapeutic results. Due to the complications and unclear pathogenesis, AD is still irreversible and incurable. Among several hypotheses proposed by the academic community, the amyloid cascade is widely recognized by scholars and supported by a large amount of evidences. However, controversy over pathogenic factors has also been ongoing. Increasing evidence has shown that amyloid-β (Aβ) and especially amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs) are highly neurotoxic and pathogenic agents that damage neurons, mediate various receptors in the downstream pathways, and ultimately lead to learning and cognitive dysfunction. However, efforts in developing inhibitors of Aβ or amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) have all failed to yield good clinical results. More recently, it has been demonstrated that sigma receptors, including sigma-1 and sigma-2 subtypes, may play critical roles in the regulation of binding and metabolism of AβOs in neuron cells and the pathophysiology of AD. Thus, sigma receptor ligands are being recognized as promising therapeutic agents for treating or ameliorating AD. This article will review the pathophysiology of AD and highlight the sigma ligands that display the capability of preventing or even reversing Aβ- and AβOs-induced neurotoxicity and blocking the signal transduction caused by AβOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hui Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory for Drug Design & Formulation, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Ai-Fang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory for Drug Design & Formulation, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory for Drug Design & Formulation, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Yun-Sheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory for Drug Design & Formulation, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China.
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Ye N, Qin W, Tian S, Xu Q, Wold EA, Zhou J, Zhen XC. Small Molecules Selectively Targeting Sigma-1 Receptor for the Treatment of Neurological Diseases. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15187-15217. [PMID: 33111525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The sigma-1 (σ1) receptor, an enigmatic protein originally classified as an opioid receptor subtype, is now understood to possess unique structural and functional features of its own and play critical roles to widely impact signaling transduction by interacting with receptors, ion channels, lipids, and kinases. The σ1 receptor is implicated in modulating learning, memory, emotion, sensory systems, neuronal development, and cognition and accordingly is now an actively pursued drug target for various neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Evaluation of the five selective σ1 receptor drug candidates (pridopidine, ANAVEX2-73, SA4503, S1RA, and T-817MA) that have entered clinical trials has shown that reaching clinical approval remains an evasive and important goal. This review provides up-to-date information on the selective targeting of σ1 receptors, including their history, function, reported crystal structures, and roles in neurological diseases, as well as a useful collation of new chemical entities as σ1 selective orthosteric ligands or allosteric modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Wangzhi Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Sheng Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Qingfeng Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Eric A Wold
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Xue-Chu Zhen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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Moriarty F, Savva GM, Grossi CM, Bennett K, Fox C, Maidment I, Loke YK, Steel N, Kenny RA, Richardson K. Cognitive decline associated with anticholinergics, benzodiazepines and Z-drugs: Findings from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 87:2818-2829. [PMID: 33270264 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To estimate the association between patterns of anticholinergic, benzodiazepine and Z-drug medication use and change in cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults. METHODS This prospective cohort study used data from the first three waves of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), including community-dwelling adults aged ≥50 years followed for up to 4 years (n = 7027). Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini Mental State Examination, animal naming test and word recall tests. Regular medication use was self-reported at baseline and follow-up interviews at 2 and 4 years. Pharmacy dispensing claims for a subset (n = 2905) allowed assessment of medication use between interviews and cumulative dosage. Medication use at consecutive waves of TILDA was analysed in relation to change in cognitive function between waves. RESULTS Strongly anticholinergic medications (Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden scale 3), benzodiazepines and Z-drugs were reported by 7.3%, 5.8% and 5.1% of participants, respectively, at any time during the study. Adjusting for potential confounders, new anticholinergic use between interviews was associated with change in recall score (-1.09, 95% confidence interval -1.64, -0.53) over 2 years compared to non-use, but not with MMSE (0.07; 95% CI -0.21, 0.34) or animal naming (-0.70; 95% CI -1.43, 0.03). The pharmacy claims analysis was consistent with this finding. Other hypothesised associations were not supported. CONCLUSIONS Except for new use of anticholinergic medications, no other findings supported a risk of cognitive decline over 2-year periods in this middle-aged and older cohort. Patients and prescribers should weigh this potential risk against potential benefits of commencing anticholinergic medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Moriarty
- HRB Centre for Primary Care Research, Department of General Practice, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - George M Savva
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.,School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Carlota M Grossi
- School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Kathleen Bennett
- Division of Population Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Chris Fox
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Maidment
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Yoon K Loke
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Steel
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Rose Anne Kenny
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kathryn Richardson
- School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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13
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Lepelletier FX, Vandesquille M, Asselin MC, Prenant C, Robinson AC, Mann DMA, Green M, Barnett E, Banister SD, Mottinelli M, Mesangeau C, McCurdy CR, Fricke IB, Jacobs AH, Kassiou M, Boutin H. Evaluation of 18F-IAM6067 as a sigma-1 receptor PET tracer for neurodegeneration in vivo in rodents and in human tissue. Theranostics 2020; 10:7938-7955. [PMID: 32724451 PMCID: PMC7381740 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The sigma 1 receptor (S1R) is widely expressed in the CNS and is mainly located on the endoplasmic reticulum. The S1R is involved in the regulation of many neurotransmission systems and, indirectly, in neurodegenerative diseases. The S1R may therefore represent an interesting neuronal biomarker in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's (PD) or Alzheimer's diseases (AD). Here we present the characterisation of the S1R-specific 18F-labelled tracer 18F-IAM6067 in two animal models and in human brain tissue. Methods: Wistar rats were used for PET-CT imaging (60 min dynamic acquisition) and metabolite analysis (1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 60 min post-injection). To verify in vivo selectivity, haloperidol, BD1047 (S1R ligand), CM398 (S2R ligand) and SB206553 (5HT2B/C antagonist) were administrated for pre-saturation studies. Excitotoxic lesions induced by intra-striatal injection of AMPA were also imaged by 18F-IAM6067 PET-CT to test the sensitivity of the methods in a well-established model of neuronal loss. Tracer brain uptake was also verified by autoradiography in rats and in a mouse model of PD (intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) unilateral lesion). Finally, human cortical binding was investigated by autoradiography in three groups of subjects (control subjects with Braak ≤2, and AD patients, Braak >2 & ≤4 and Braak >4 stages). Results: We demonstrate that despite rapid peripheral metabolism of 18F-IAM6067, radiolabelled metabolites were hardly detected in brain samples. Brain uptake of 18F-IAM6067 showed differences in S1R anatomical distribution, namely from high to low uptake: pons-raphe, thalamus medio-dorsal, substantia nigra, hypothalamus, cerebellum, cortical areas and striatum. Pre-saturation studies showed 79-90% blockade of the binding in all areas of the brain indicated above except with the 5HT2B/C antagonist SB206553 and S2R ligand CM398 which induced no significant blockade, indicating good specificity of 18F-IAM6067 for S1Rs. No difference between ipsi- and contralateral sides of the brain in the mouse model of PD was detected. AMPA lesion induced a significant 69% decrease in 18F-IAM6067 uptake in the globus pallidus matching the neuronal loss as measured by NeuN, but only a trend to decrease (-16%) in the caudate putamen despite a significant 91% decrease in neuronal count. Moreover, no difference in the human cortical binding was shown between AD groups and controls. Conclusion: This work shows that 18F-IAM6067 is a specific and selective S1R radiotracer. The absence or small changes in S1R detected here in animal models and human tissue warrants further investigations and suggests that S1R might not be the anticipated ideal biomarker for neuronal loss in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Xavier Lepelletier
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Vandesquille
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-Claude Asselin
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Prenant
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew C Robinson
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Clinical & Cognitive Neurosciences, Clinical Sciences Building, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - David M A Mann
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Clinical & Cognitive Neurosciences, Clinical Sciences Building, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Green
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Barnett
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marco Mottinelli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Christophe Mesangeau
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Christopher R McCurdy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- UF Translational Drug Development Core, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Inga B Fricke
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU), Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas H. Jacobs
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU), Münster, Germany
- Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, Johanniter Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hervé Boutin
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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14
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Bravo-Caparrós I, Ruiz-Cantero MC, Perazzoli G, Cronin SJF, Vela JM, Hamed MF, Penninger JM, Baeyens JM, Cobos EJ, Nieto FR. Sigma-1 receptors control neuropathic pain and macrophage infiltration into the dorsal root ganglion after peripheral nerve injury. FASEB J 2020; 34:5951-5966. [PMID: 32157739 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901921r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuron-immune interaction in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) plays a pivotal role in the neuropathic pain development after nerve injury. Sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) is expressed by DRG neurons but its role in neuropathic pain is not fully understood. We investigated the effect of peripheral Sig-1R on neuroinflammation in the DRG after spared (sciatic) nerve injury (SNI) in mice. Nerve injury induced a decrease in NeuN staining along with the nuclear eccentricity and ATF3 expression in the injured DRG. Sig-1R was present in all DRG neurons examined, and after SNI this receptor translocated to the periphery of the soma and the vicinity of the nucleus, especially in injured ATF3 + neurons. In WT mice, injured DRG produced the chemokine CCL2, and this was followed by massive infiltration of macrophages/monocytes, which clustered mainly around sensory neurons with translocated Sig-1R, accompanied by robust IL-6 increase and mechanical allodynia. In contrast, Sig-1R knockout (Sig-1R-KO) mice showed reduced levels of CCL2, decreased macrophage/monocyte infiltration into DRG, and less IL-6 and neuropathic mechanical allodynia after SNI. Our findings point to an important role of peripheral Sig-1R in sensory neuron-macrophage/monocyte communication in the DRG after peripheral nerve injury; thus, these receptors may contribute to the neuropathic pain phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Bravo-Caparrós
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - M Carmen Ruiz-Cantero
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Gloria Perazzoli
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - José M Vela
- Drug Discovery and Preclinical Development, Esteve, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohamed F Hamed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Science Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - José M Baeyens
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Enrique J Cobos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Teófilo Hernando Institute for Drug Discovery, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco R Nieto
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
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15
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Horsager J, Fedorova TD, Berge NVD, Klinge MW, Knudsen K, Hansen AK, Alstrup AKO, Krogh K, Gormsen L, Borghammer P. Cardiac 11C-Donepezil Binding Increases With Age in Healthy Humans: Potentially Signifying Sigma-1 Receptor Upregulation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2019; 24:365-370. [PMID: 30913922 DOI: 10.1177/1074248419838509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Donepezil may have cardioprotective properties, but the mechanism is unclear. Using positron-emission tomography (PET), we explored 11C-donepezil uptake in the heart of humans in relation to age. The results are discussed in the context of the cardioprotective property of donepezil. METHODS We included data from 57 patients with cardiac 11C-donepezil PET scans. Linear regression analyses were performed to explore the correlation between cardiac 11C-donepezil standardized uptake value (SUV) and age. Subgroup analyses were performed for healthy controls, patients with prodromal or diagnosed Parkinson disease (PD), males, and females. RESULTS In the total group of 57 patients, linear regression analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between cardiac 11C-donepezil uptake and age ( r2 = .63, P < .0001). The average increase was ≈1.25 SUV per decade and a 2-fold increase in SUV from age 30 to 65 years. Subgroup analyses also showed significant correlations: healthy control patients alone (n = 28, r2 = .73, P < .0001), prodromal or diagnosed PD (n = 29, r2 = .28, P = .03), male patients (n = 34, r2 = .49, P < .0001), and female patients (n = 23, r2 = .82, P < .0001). No other organs showed increased 11C-donepezil binding with age. CONCLUSIONS 11C-donepezil SUV increases robustly with age in the normal human heart. We speculate that the increased donepezil binding is caused primarily by sigma-1 receptor upregulation. If our interpretation is correct, it shows that sigma-1 receptors are dynamically regulated and may represent an overlooked target for pharmacological intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Horsager
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tatyana D Fedorova
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nathalie V D Berge
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette W Klinge
- 2 Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karoline Knudsen
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Allan K Hansen
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Aage K O Alstrup
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Klaus Krogh
- 2 Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Gormsen
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Borghammer
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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16
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Brailoiu E, Chakraborty S, Brailoiu GC, Zhao P, Barr JL, Ilies MA, Unterwald EM, Abood ME, Taylor CW. Choline Is an Intracellular Messenger Linking Extracellular Stimuli to IP 3-Evoked Ca 2+ Signals through Sigma-1 Receptors. Cell Rep 2019; 26:330-337.e4. [PMID: 30625315 PMCID: PMC6326163 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptors (Sig-1Rs) are integral ER membrane proteins. They bind diverse ligands, including psychoactive drugs, and regulate many signaling proteins, including the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) that release Ca2+ from the ER. The endogenous ligands of Sig-1Rs are unknown. Phospholipase D (PLD) cleaves phosphatidylcholine to choline and phosphatidic acid (PA), with PA assumed to mediate all downstream signaling. We show that choline is also an intracellular messenger. Choline binds to Sig-1Rs, it mimics other Sig-1R agonists by potentiating Ca2+ signals evoked by IP3Rs, and it is deactivated by metabolism. Receptors, by stimulating PLC and PLD, deliver two signals to IP3Rs: IP3 activates IP3Rs, and choline potentiates their activity through Sig-1Rs. Choline is also produced at synapses by degradation of acetylcholine. Choline uptake by transporters activates Sig-1Rs and potentiates Ca2+ signals. We conclude that choline is an endogenous agonist of Sig-1Rs linking extracellular stimuli, and perhaps synaptic activity, to Ca2+ signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugen Brailoiu
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| | | | - G Cristina Brailoiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Pingwei Zhao
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Barr
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Marc A Ilies
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ellen M Unterwald
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Mary E Abood
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Colin W Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK.
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17
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Barsuglia JP, Polanco M, Palmer R, Malcolm BJ, Kelmendi B, Calvey T. A case report SPECT study and theoretical rationale for the sequential administration of ibogaine and 5-MeO-DMT in the treatment of alcohol use disorder. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2018; 242:121-158. [PMID: 30471678 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ibogaine is a plant-derived alkaloid and dissociative psychedelic that demonstrates anti-addictive properties with several substances of abuse, including alcohol. 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) is a naturally occurring psychedelic known to occasion potent mystical-type experiences and also demonstrates anti-addictive properties. The potential therapeutic effects of both compounds in treating alcohol use disorder require further investigation and there are no published human neuroimaging findings of either treatment to date. We present the case of a 31-year-old male military veteran with moderate alcohol use disorder who sought treatment at an inpatient clinic in Mexico that utilized a sequential protocol with ibogaine hydrochloride (1550mg, 17.9mg/kg) on day 1, followed by vaporized 5-MeO-DMT (bufotoxin source 50mg, estimated 5-MeO-DMT content, 5-7mg) on day 3. The patient received SPECT neuroimaging that included a resting-state protocol before, and 3 days after completion of the program. During the patient's ibogaine treatment, he experienced dream-like visions that included content pertaining to his alcohol use and resolution of past developmental traumas. He described his treatment with 5-MeO-DMT as a peak transformational and spiritual breakthrough. On post-treatment SPECT neuroimaging, increases in brain perfusion were noted in bilateral caudate nuclei, left putamen, right insula, as well as temporal, occipital, and cerebellar regions compared to the patient's baseline scan. The patient reported improvement in mood, cessation of alcohol use, and reduced cravings at 5 days post-treatment, effects which were sustained at 1 month, with a partial return to mild alcohol use at 2 months. In this case, serial administration of ibogaine and 5-MeO-DMT resulted in increased perfusion in multiple brain regions broadly associated with alcohol use disorders and known pharmacology of both compounds, which coincided with a short-term therapeutic outcome. We present theoretical considerations regarding the potential of both psychedelic medicines in treating alcohol use disorders in the context of these isolated findings, and areas for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Barsuglia
- Crossroads Treatment Center, Tijuana, Mexico; Mission Within, Oakland, CA, United States; New School Research, LLC, North Hollywood, CA, United States; Terra Incognita Project, NGO, Ben Lomond, CA, United States.
| | - Martin Polanco
- Crossroads Treatment Center, Tijuana, Mexico; Mission Within, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Robert Palmer
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Benjamin J Malcolm
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Benjamin Kelmendi
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Tanya Calvey
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa
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18
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Imaging sigma receptors in the brain: New opportunities for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and therapeutic development. Neurosci Lett 2018; 691:3-10. [PMID: 30040970 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The sigma-1 (σ1) receptor is a chaperone protein located on the mitochondria-associated membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum, while the sigma-2 receptor (σ2) is an endoplasmic reticulum-resident membrane protein. Recent evidence indicates that both of these receptors figure prominently in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and thus are targets for the development of novel, disease-modifying therapeutic strategies. Radioligand-based molecular imaging technique such as positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is a powerful tool for the investigation of protein target expression and function in living subjects. In this review, we survey the development of PET radioligands for the σ1 or σ2 receptors and assess their potential for human imaging applications. The availability of PET imaging with σ1 or σ2 receptor-specific radioligands in humans will allow the investigation of these receptors in vivo and lead to further understanding of their respective roles in AD pathogenesis and progression. Moreover, PET imaging can be used in target occupancy studies to assess target engagement and correlate receptor occupancy and therapeutic response of σ1 receptor agonists and σ2 receptor antagonists currently in clinical trials. It is expected that neuroimaging of σ1 and σ2 receptors in the brain will shed new light on AD pathophysiology and may provide us with new biomarkers for diagnosis of AD and efficacy monitoring of emerging AD therapeutic strategies.
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19
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Calabrò M, Porcelli S, Crisafulli C, Wang SM, Lee SJ, Han C, Patkar AA, Masand PS, Albani D, Raimondi I, Forloni G, Bin S, Cristalli C, Mantovani V, Pae CU, Serretti A. Genetic Variants Within Molecular Targets of Antipsychotic Treatment: Effects on Treatment Response, Schizophrenia Risk, and Psychopathological Features. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 64:62-74. [PMID: 29164477 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-1002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a common and severe mental disorder. Genetic factors likely play a role in its pathophysiology as well as in treatment response. In the present study, we investigated the effects of several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 9 genes involved with antipsychotic (AP) mechanisms of action. Two independent samples were recruited. The Korean sample included 176 subjects diagnosed with SCZ and 326 healthy controls, while the Italian sample included 83 subjects and 194 controls. AP response as measured by the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) was the primary outcome, while the secondary outcome was the SCZ risk. Exploratory analyses were performed on (1) symptom clusters response (as measured by PANSS subscales); (2) age of onset; (3) family history; and (4) suicide history. Associations evidenced in the primary analyses did not survive to the FDR correction. Concerning SCZ risk, we partially confirmed the associations among COMT and MAPK1 genetic variants and SCZ. Finally, our exploratory analysis suggested that CHRNA7 and HTR2A genes may modulate both positive and negative symptoms responses, while PLA2G4A and SIGMAR1 may modulate respectively positive and negative symptoms responses. Moreover, GSK3B, HTR2A, PLA2G4A, and S100B variants may determine an anticipation of SCZ age of onset. Our results did not support a primary role for the genes investigated in AP response as a whole. However, our exploratory findings suggested that these genes may be involved in symptom clusters response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Calabrò
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Images, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Stefano Porcelli
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Concetta Crisafulli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Images, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sheng-Min Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jung Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsu Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashwin A Patkar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Prakash S Masand
- Global Medical Education, New York, NY, USA
- Academic Medicine Education Institute, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Diego Albani
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Raimondi
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Sofia Bin
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA, St. Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlotta Cristalli
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA, St. Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vilma Mantovani
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA, St. Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chi-Un Pae
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, 2 Sosa-Dong, Wonmi-Gu, Bucheon, Kyeonggi-Do, 420-717, Republic of Korea.
- Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Penke B, Fülöp L, Szűcs M, Frecska E. The Role of Sigma-1 Receptor, an Intracellular Chaperone in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:97-116. [PMID: 28554311 PMCID: PMC5771390 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170529104323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Widespread protein aggregation occurs in the living system under stress or during aging, owing to disturbance of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis. Many neurodegenerative diseases may have a common mechanism: the failure of protein homeostasis. Perturbation of ER results in unfolded protein response (UPR). Prolonged chronical UPR may activate apoptotic pathways and cause cell death. METHODS Research articles on Sigma-1 receptor were reviewed. RESULTS ER is associated to mitochondria by the mitochondria-associated ER-membrane, MAM. The sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R), a well-known ER-chaperone localizes in the MAM. It serves for Ca2+-signaling between the ER and mitochondria, involved in ion channel activities and especially important during neuronal differentiation. Sig-1R acts as central modulator in inter-organelle signaling. Sig-1R helps cell survival by attenuating ER-stress. According to sequence based predictions Sig-1R is a 223 amino acid protein with two transmembrane (2TM) domains. The X-ray structure of the Sig-1R [1] showed a membrane-bound trimeric assembly with one transmembrane (1TM) region. Despite the in vitro determined assembly, the results of in vivo studies are rather consistent with the 2TM structure. The receptor has unique and versatile pharmacological profile. Dimethyl tryptamine (DMT) and neuroactive steroids are endogenous ligands that activate Sig-1R. The receptor has a plethora of interacting client proteins. Sig-1R exists in oligomeric structures (dimer-trimer-octamer-multimer) and this fact may explain interaction with diverse proteins. CONCLUSION Sig-1R agonists have been used in the treatment of different neurodegenerative diseases, e.g. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases (AD and PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Utilization of Sig-1R agents early in AD and similar other diseases has remained an overlooked therapeutic opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botond Penke
- University of Szeged, Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lívia Fülöp
- University of Szeged, Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mária Szűcs
- University of Szeged, Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ede Frecska
- University of Debrecen, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
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Garcia-Miralles M, Geva M, Tan JY, Yusof NABM, Cha Y, Kusko R, Tan LJ, Xu X, Grossman I, Orbach A, Hayden MR, Pouladi MA. Early pridopidine treatment improves behavioral and transcriptional deficits in YAC128 Huntington disease mice. JCI Insight 2017; 2:95665. [PMID: 29212949 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.95665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pridopidine is currently under clinical development for Huntington disease (HD), with on-going studies to better characterize its therapeutic benefit and mode of action. Pridopidine was administered either prior to the appearance of disease phenotypes or in advanced stages of disease in the YAC128 mouse model of HD. In the early treatment cohort, animals received 0, 10, or 30 mg/kg pridopidine for a period of 10.5 months. In the late treatment cohort, animals were treated for 8 weeks with 0 mg/kg or an escalating dose of pridopidine (10 to 30 mg/kg over 3 weeks). Early treatment improved motor coordination and reduced anxiety- and depressive-like phenotypes in YAC128 mice, but it did not rescue striatal and corpus callosum atrophy. Late treatment, conversely, only improved depressive-like symptoms. RNA-seq analysis revealed that early pridopidine treatment reversed striatal transcriptional deficits, upregulating disease-specific genes that are known to be downregulated during HD, a finding that is experimentally confirmed herein. This suggests that pridopidine exerts beneficial effects at the transcriptional level. Taken together, our findings support continued clinical development of pridopidine for HD, particularly in the early stages of disease, and provide valuable insight into the potential therapeutic mode of action of pridopidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Garcia-Miralles
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Michal Geva
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Jing Ying Tan
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (A*STAR), Singapore
| | | | - Yoonjeong Cha
- Immuneering Corporation, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebecca Kusko
- Immuneering Corporation, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Liang Juin Tan
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Iris Grossman
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Aric Orbach
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Michael R Hayden
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (A*STAR), Singapore.,Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Petach Tikva, Israel.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mahmoud A Pouladi
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (A*STAR), Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Collina S, Rui M, Stotani S, Bignardi E, Rossi D, Curti D, Giordanetto F, Malacrida A, Scuteri A, Cavaletti G. Are sigma receptor modulators a weapon against multiple sclerosis disease? Future Med Chem 2017; 9:2029-2051. [PMID: 29076758 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) are still missing. This neurological disease affects more than 2.5 million people worldwide. To date, biological immunomodulatory drugs are effective and safe during short-term treatment, but they are suitable only for parenteral administration and they are expensive. Accordingly, academic and industrial environments are still focusing their efforts toward the development of new MS drugs. Considering that neurodegeneration is a contributory factor in the onset of MS, herein we will focus on the crucial role played by sigma 1 receptors (S1Rs) in MS. A pilot study was performed, evaluating the effect of the S1R agonist (R)-RC33 on rat dorsal root ganglia experimental model. The encouraging results support the potential of S1R agonists for MS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Collina
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Technology Section, Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Marta Rui
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Technology Section, Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Silvia Stotani
- Medicinal Chemistry, Taros Chemicals GmbH & Co. KG, Emil-Figge-Str. 76a, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Emanuele Bignardi
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Technology Section, Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Daniela Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Technology Section, Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Daniela Curti
- Department of Biology & Biotechnology 'L. Spallanzani', Laboratory of Cellular & Molecular Neuropharmacology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | | | - Alessio Malacrida
- Experimental Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine & Surgery & Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milan Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Arianna Scuteri
- Experimental Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine & Surgery & Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milan Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Guido Cavaletti
- Experimental Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine & Surgery & Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milan Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, Monza 20900, Italy
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23
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Panayi F, Sors A, Bert L, Martin B, Rollin-Jego G, Billiras R, Carrié I, Albinet K, Danober L, Rogez N, Thomas JY, Pira L, Bertaina-Anglade V, Lestage P. In vivo pharmacological profile of S 38093, a novel histamine H3 receptor inverse agonist. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 803:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Maurice T, Goguadze N. Role of σ 1 Receptors in Learning and Memory and Alzheimer's Disease-Type Dementia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 964:213-233. [PMID: 28315274 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50174-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The present chapter will review the role of σ1 receptor in learning and memory and neuroprotection , against Alzheimer's type dementia. σ1 Receptor agonists have been tested in a variety of pharmacological and pathological models of learning impairments in rodents these last past 20 years. Their anti-amnesic effects have been explained by the wide-range modulatory role of σ1 receptors on Ca2+ mobilizations, neurotransmitter responses, and particularly glutamate and acetylcholine systems, and neurotrophic factors. Recent observations from genetic and pharmacological studies have shown that σ1 receptor can also be targeted in neurodegenerative diseases, and particularly Alzheimer's disease . Several compounds, acting partly through the σ1 receptor, have showed effective neuroprotection in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease . We will review the data and discuss the possible mechanisms of action, particularly focusing on oxidative stress and mitochondrial integrity, trophic factors and a novel hypothesis suggesting a functional interaction between the σ1 receptor and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Finally, we will discuss the pharmacological peculiarities of non-selective σ1 receptor ligands, now developed as neuroprotectants in Alzheimer's disease , and positive modulators, recently described and that showed efficacy against learning and memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangui Maurice
- INSERM U1198, University of Montpellier, 34095, Montpellier, France.
| | - Nino Goguadze
- INSERM U1198, University of Montpellier, 34095, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, 0162, GA, USA
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25
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Cai Y, Yang L, Niu F, Liao K, Buch S. Role of Sigma-1 Receptor in Cocaine Abuse and Neurodegenerative Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 964:163-175. [PMID: 28315271 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50174-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptors (Sig-1R) are recognized as a unique class of non-G protein-coupled intracellular protein. Sig-1R binds to its ligand such as cocaine , resulting in dissociation of Sig-1R from mitochondrion-associated ER membrane (MAM) to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), plasma membrane, and nuclear membrane, regulating function of various proteins. Sig-1R has diverse roles in both physiological as well as in pathogenic processes. The disruption of Sig-1R pathways has been implicated as causative mechanism(s) in the development of both neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease (AD ), Parkinson disease (PD ), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS ) and Huntington Disease (HD ) . Additionally, the interaction of cocaine and Sig-1R has more recently been implicated in potentiating the pathogenesis of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) through impairment of blood-brain barrier (BBB), microglial activation and astrogliosis. On the other hand, restoration of Sig-1R homeostasis has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects. In this review, we provide an overview of how Sig-1R plays a role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders and cocaine and implications for future development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cai
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985880 Nebraska Medical Center, DRC 8024, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985880 Nebraska Medical Center, DRC 8024, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Fang Niu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985880 Nebraska Medical Center, DRC 8024, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Ke Liao
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985880 Nebraska Medical Center, DRC 8024, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Shilpa Buch
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985880 Nebraska Medical Center, DRC 8024, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA.
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Yahno NN, Fedotova AV. Post-marketing observational program of the effectiveness of fluvoxamine for the treatment of depression in patients with neurological disorders: the FRIENDS study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017; 13:2747-2756. [PMID: 29138569 PMCID: PMC5679672 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s145614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In a prospective, non-blinded, uncontrolled, multicenter, post-marketing, observational study (FRIENDS; NCT02043197), fluvoxamine (50-300 mg/day for 90 days) was effective for the treatment of depression in 299 adult patients (age ≥18 years) with neurological disorders at baseline. The therapeutic effect of fluvoxamine was measured by means of changes in the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale depression and anxiety scores (HADS-D and HADS-A, respectively), global severity of illness, and clinical condition (measured using the Clinical Global Improvement [CGI] scale). The mean HADS-D subscale score at baseline in the per-protocol cohort (n=296) was 11.7±3.1 points and the corresponding mean HADS-A score was 12.6±3.2. Significant (P<0.0001) improvements in both scores were recorded during fluvoxamine treatment and later follow-up. Most patients (>85%) recorded reductions versus baseline in both indices. In the CGI-based assessment, most evaluated patients (>200) experienced moderate to very substantial clinical improvement, with no or limited side effects. Significant improvements were also recorded in the exploratory outcomes of sleep quality, assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index, and cognitive function, assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (P<0.0001 vs baseline for both). No death or serious adverse drug reactions were reported during the study. The results of this observational study affirm that fluvoxamine is effective and well tolerated for the treatment of depression in the context of neurological disorders. The effects on the exploratory endpoints of this research merit evaluation in controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay N Yahno
- Neurology Department, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
| | - Anastasia V Fedotova
- Neurology Department, Additional Professional Education Faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Abstract
The sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R), via interaction with various proteins, including voltage-gated and ligand-gated ion channels (VGICs and LGICs), is involved in a plethora of neuronal functions. This capability to regulate a variety of ion channel targets endows the Sig-1R with a powerful capability to fine tune neuronal excitability, and thereby the transmission of information within brain circuits. This versatility may also explain why the Sig-1R is associated to numerous diseases at both peripheral and central levels. To date, how the Sig-1R chooses its targets and how the combinations of target modulations alter overall neuronal excitability is one of the challenges in the field of Sig-1R-dependent regulation of neuronal activity. Here, we will describe and discuss the latest findings on Sig-1R-dependent modulation of VGICs and LGICs, and provide hypotheses that may explain the diverse excitability outcomes that have been reported so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saïd Kourrich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 2201 Inwood Road, Dallas, TX, 75390-9070, USA.
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28
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Kasahara R, Yamamoto N, Suzuki K, Sobue K. The σ1 receptor regulates accumulation of GM1 ganglioside-enriched autophagosomes in astrocytes. Neuroscience 2016; 340:176-187. [PMID: 27815022 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
GM1 gangliosides (GM1) are acidic glycosphingolipids that are present in cell membranes and lipid raft domains, being particularly abundant in central nervous systems. GM1 participate in modulating cell membrane properties, intercellular recognition, cell regulation, and signaling. We previously demonstrated that GM1 are expressed inside astrocytes but not on the cell surface. We investigated whether the antipsychotic drug haloperidol induces GM1 expression in astrocytes, and found that the expression of GM1 was significantly upregulated by haloperidol in the intracellular vesicles of cultured astrocytes. The effects of haloperidol on GM1 expression acted through the σ1 receptor (σ1R), but not the dopamine-2 receptor. Inhibition of the ERK pathway blocked the induction of GM1 through the σ1R by haloperidol. Interestingly, this increase in GM1 expression induced the accumulation of autophagosomes in astrocytes. Moreover, the effect of haloperidol on the σ1R induced a decrease in GM1 in the cellular membrane of astrocytes. These findings suggested that the effects of haloperidol on the σ1R induced GM1 accumulation in the autophagosomes of astrocytes through activating the ERK pathway and a decrease in GM1 expression on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Kasahara
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1181, Japan.
| | - Kenji Suzuki
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicinal Science, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Kazuya Sobue
- Department of Anesthesiology and Medical Crisis Management, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8622, Japan
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Zhao R, Chen J, Ren Z, Shen H, Zhen X. GSK-3β inhibitors reverse cocaine-induced synaptic transmission dysfunction in the nucleus accumbens. Synapse 2016; 70:461-70. [PMID: 27377051 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nucleus accumbens receives glutamatergic projection from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and dopaminergic input from the Ventral tegmental area (VTA). Recent studies have suggested a critical role for serine/threonine kinase glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) in cocaine-induced hyperactivity; however, the effect of GSK3β on the modulation of glutamatergic and dopaminergic afferents is unclear. In this study, we found that the GSK3 inhibitors, LiCl (100 mg/kg, i.p.) or SB216763 (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.), blocked the cocaine-induced hyperlocomotor activity in rats. By employing single-unit recordings in vivo, we found that pretreatment with either SB216763 or LiCl for 15 min reversed the cocaine-inhibited firing frequency of medium spiny neuron (MSN) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Preperfusion of SB216763 (5 μM) ameliorated the inhibitory effect of cocaine on both the α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) (up to 99 ± 6.8% inhibition) and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR)-mediate EPSC (up to 73 ± 9.7% inhibition) in the NAc in brain slices. The effect of cocaine on AMPA and NMDA receptor-mediate excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) were mimicked by the D1 -like receptor agonist SKF 38393 and blocked by the D1 -like receptor antagonist SCH 23390, whereas D2 -like receptor agonist or antagonist failed to mimic or to block the action of cocaine. Preperfusion of SB216763 for 5 min also ameliorated the inhibitory effect of SKF38393 on both AMPA and NMDA receptor-mediated components of EPSC, indicate the effect of SB216763 on cocaine was via the D1 -like receptor. Moreover, cocaine inhibited the presynaptic release of glutamate in the NAc, and SB216763 reversed this effect. In conclusion, D1 receptor-GSK3β pathway, which mediates glutamatergic transmission in the NAc core through a presynaptic mechanism, plays an important role in acute cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- Jiangsu Key laboratory for Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric disorders & The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiaojiao Chen
- Jiangsu Key laboratory for Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric disorders & The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Ren
- Jiangsu Key laboratory for Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric disorders & The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Tianjin Medical University School of Biomedical Engineering, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xuechu Zhen
- Jiangsu Key laboratory for Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric disorders & The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Marra A, Rossi D, Pignataro L, Bigogno C, Canta A, Oggioni N, Malacrida A, Corbo M, Cavaletti G, Peviani M, Curti D, Dondio G, Collina S. Toward the identification of neuroprotective agents: g-scale synthesis, pharmacokinetic evaluation and CNS distribution of (R)-RC-33, a promising SIGMA1 receptor agonist. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:287-95. [PMID: 26898712 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Nowadays, there is a great interest in the therapeutic potential of sigma1 receptor ligands for treating different CNS pathologies. Our previous investigations led to identify (R)-RC-33 as a potent and selective S1R agonist. RESULTS Herein, we report the gram-scale synthesis, pharmacokinetic profile and CNS distribution of (R)-RC-33 in the mouse to determine the most suitable dosage schedule for in vivo administration. For comparative purposes, the same experiments were also performed with PRE-084, the most widely used S1R agonist commonly in pharmacological experiments. DISCUSSION (R)-RC-33 shows a similar pharmacokinetic profile and a better CNS distribution when compared with PRE-084. CONCLUSION (R)-RC-33 may be a promising candidate for in vivo studies in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Marra
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia-I, Italy
| | - Daniela Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia-I, Italy
| | - Luca Pignataro
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano-I, Italy
| | - Chiara Bigogno
- Aphad S.r.l., Via della Resistenza 65, 20090 Buccinasco Milan-I, Italy
| | - Annalisa Canta
- Experimental Neurology Unit, Department of Surgery & Translational Medicine & Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milan Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza-I, Italy
| | - Norberto Oggioni
- Experimental Neurology Unit, Department of Surgery & Translational Medicine & Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milan Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza-I, Italy
| | - Alessio Malacrida
- Experimental Neurology Unit, Department of Surgery & Translational Medicine & Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milan Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza-I, Italy
| | - Massimo Corbo
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico (CCP), via Dezza 48, 20144 Milan-I, Italy
| | - Guido Cavaletti
- Experimental Neurology Unit, Department of Surgery & Translational Medicine & Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milan Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza-I, Italy
| | - Marco Peviani
- Department of Biology & Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia-I, Italy
| | - Daniela Curti
- Department of Biology & Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia-I, Italy
| | - Giulio Dondio
- Aphad S.r.l., Via della Resistenza 65, 20090 Buccinasco Milan-I, Italy
| | - Simona Collina
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia-I, Italy
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Maurice T. Protection by sigma-1 receptor agonists is synergic with donepezil, but not with memantine, in a mouse model of amyloid-induced memory impairments. Behav Brain Res 2016; 296:270-278. [PMID: 26386305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Drugs activating the sigma-1 (σ1) chaperone protein are anti-amnesic and neuroprotective in neurodegenerative pathologies like Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since these so-called σ1 receptor (σ1R) agonists modulate cholinergic and glutamatergic systems in a variety of physiological responses, we addressed their putative additive/synergistic action in combination with cholinergic or glutamatergic drugs. The selective σ1 agonist PRE-084, or the non-selective σ1 drug ANAVEX2-73 was combined with the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor donepezil or the NMDA receptor antagonist memantine in the nontransgenic mouse model of AD-like memory impairments induced by intracerebroventricular injection of oligomeric Aβ25-35 peptide. Two behavioral tests, spontaneous alternation and passive avoidance response, were used in parallel and both protective and symptomatic effects were examined. After determination of the minimally active doses for each compound, the combinations were tested and the combination index (CI) calculated. Combinations between the σ1 agonists and donepezil showed a synergic protective effect, with CI<1, whereas the combinations with memantine showed an antagonist effect, with CI>1. Symptomatic effects appeared only additive for all combinations, with CI=1. A pharmacological analysis of the PRE-084+donepezil combination revealed that the synergy could be due to an inter-related mechanism involving α7 nicotinic ACh receptors and σ1R. These results demonstrated that σ1 drugs do not only offer a protective potential alone but also in combination with other therapeutic agents. The nature of neuromodulatory molecular chaperone of the σ1R could eventually lead to synergistic combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangui Maurice
- Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Diseases, MMDN Laboratory, Institut National de la Recherche et de la Santé Médicale, unit 1198, 34095 Montpellier, France; University of Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, 75014 Paris, France.
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Sahlholm K, Sijbesma JWA, Maas B, Kwizera C, Marcellino D, Ramakrishnan NK, Dierckx RAJO, Elsinga PH, van Waarde A. Pridopidine selectively occupies sigma-1 rather than dopamine D2 receptors at behaviorally active doses. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:3443-53. [PMID: 26159455 PMCID: PMC4537502 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-3997-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Dopamine stabilizers have stimulatory actions under low dopamine tone and inhibitory actions under high dopamine tone without eliciting catalepsy. These compounds are dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) antagonists or weak partial agonists and may have pro-mnemonic and neuroprotective effects. The mechanism underlying their stimulatory and neuroprotective actions is unknown but could involve sigma-1R binding. OBJECTIVES The present study examined sigma-1R and D2R occupancy by the dopamine stabilizer pridopidine (ACR16) at behaviorally relevant doses in living rats. METHODS Rats were administered 3 or 15 mg/kg pridopidine, or saline, before injection of the radiotracer (11)C-SA4503 (sigma-1R) or (11)C-raclopride (D2R). Some animals received 60 mg/kg pridopidine and were only scanned with (11)C-raclopride. Cerebral (11)C-SA4503 binding was quantified using metabolite-corrected plasma input data and distribution volume (V T) calculated by Logan graphical analysis. (11)C-raclopride binding was quantified using striatum-to-cerebellum ratios and binding potentials calculated with a simplified reference tissue model. RESULTS Cunningham-Lassen plots indicated sigma-1R occupancies of 57 ± 2 and 85 ± 2% after pretreatment of animals with 3 and 15 mg/kg pridopidine. A significant (44-66%) reduction of (11)C-raclopride binding was only observed at 60 mg/kg pridopidine. CONCLUSIONS At doses shown to elicit neurochemical and behavioral effects, pridopidine occupied a large fraction of sigma-1Rs and a negligible fraction of D2Rs. Significant D2R occupancy was only observed at a dose 20-fold higher than was required for sigma-1R occupancy. The characteristics of dopamine stabilizers may result from the combination of high sigma-1R and low D2R affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Sahlholm
- />Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- />Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jurgen W. A. Sijbesma
- />Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Maas
- />Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal Kwizera
- />Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Marcellino
- />Department of Physiology and Institute of Biomedical Technology (ITB), Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), University of La Laguna School of Medicine, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Nisha K. Ramakrishnan
- />Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi A. J. O. Dierckx
- />Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip H. Elsinga
- />Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aren van Waarde
- />Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Ruxton K, Woodman RJ, Mangoni AA. Drugs with anticholinergic effects and cognitive impairment, falls and all-cause mortality in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 80:209-20. [PMID: 25735839 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim was to investigate associations between drugs with anticholinergic effects (DACEs) and cognitive impairment, falls and all-cause mortality in older adults. METHODS A literature search using CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase and PubMed databases was conducted for randomized controlled trials, prospective and retrospective cohort and case-control studies examining the use of DACEs in subjects ≥65 years with outcomes on falls, cognitive impairment and all-cause mortality. Retrieved articles were published on or before June 2013. Anticholinergic exposure was investigated using drug class, DACE scoring systems (anticholinergic cognitive burden scale, ACB; anticholinergic drug scale, ADS; anticholinergic risk scale, ARS; anticholinergic component of the drug burden index, DBIAC ) or assessment of individual DACEs. Meta-analyses were performed to pool the results from individual studies. RESULTS Eighteen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria (total 124 286 participants). Exposure to DACEs as a class was associated with increased odds of cognitive impairment (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.16, 1.73). Olanzapine and trazodone were associated with increased odds and risk of falls (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.05, 4.44; RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.60, 1.97, respectively), but amitriptyline, paroxetine and risperidone were not (RR 1.73, 95% CI 0.81, 2.65; RR 1.80, 95% CI 0.81, 2.79; RR 1.39, 95% CI 0.59, 3.26, respectively). A unit increase in the ACB scale was associated with a doubling in odds of all-cause mortality (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.82, 2.33) but there were no associations with the DBIAC (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.55, 1.42) or the ARS (OR 3.56, 95% CI 0.29, 43.27). CONCLUSIONS Certain individual DACEs or increased overall DACE exposure may increase the risks of cognitive impairment, falls and all-cause mortality in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Ruxton
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Richard J Woodman
- Flinders Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
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Malik M, Rangel-Barajas C, Sumien N, Su C, Singh M, Chen Z, Huang RQ, Meunier J, Maurice T, Mach RH, Luedtke RR. The effects of sigma (σ1) receptor-selective ligands on muscarinic receptor antagonist-induced cognitive deficits in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:2519-31. [PMID: 25573298 PMCID: PMC4409904 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cognitive deficits in patients with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, traumatic brain injury and stroke often involve alterations in cholinergic signalling. Currently available therapeutic drugs provide only symptomatic relief. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies are needed to retard and/or arrest the progressive loss of memory. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Scopolamine-induced memory impairment provides a rapid and reversible phenotypic screening paradigm for cognition enhancement drug discovery. Male C57BL/6J mice given scopolamine (1 mg·kg(-1) ) were used to evaluate the ability of LS-1-137, a novel sigma (σ1) receptor-selective agonist, to improve the cognitive deficits associated with muscarinic antagonist administration. KEY RESULTS LS-1-137 is a high-affinity (Ki = 3.2 nM) σ1 receptor agonist that is 80-fold selective for σ1, compared with σ2 receptors. LS-1-137 binds with low affinity at D2-like (D2, D3 and D4) dopamine and muscarinic receptors. LS-1-137 was found to partially reverse the learning deficits associated with scopolamine administration using a water maze test and an active avoidance task. LS-1-137 treatment was also found to trigger the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor from rat astrocytes. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The σ1 receptor-selective compound LS-1-137 may represent a novel candidate cognitive enhancer for the treatment of muscarinic receptor-dependent cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maninder Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science CenterFort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Claudia Rangel-Barajas
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science CenterFort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Nathalie Sumien
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science CenterFort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Chang Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science CenterFort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Meharvan Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science CenterFort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Zhenglan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science CenterFort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Ren-Qi Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science CenterFort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Johann Meunier
- AMYLGENMontferrier-surLez, France
- 3 INSERM U. 710Montpellier, France
| | - Tangui Maurice
- AMYLGENMontferrier-surLez, France
- 3 INSERM U. 710Montpellier, France
- University of MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Robert H Mach
- Department of Radiology, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert R Luedtke
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science CenterFort Worth, TX, USA
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Ramakrishnan NK, Marosi K, Nyakas CJ, Kwizera C, Elsinga PH, Ishiwata K, Luiten PGM, Dierckx RAJO, van Waarde A. Altered sigma-1 receptor expression in two animal models of cognitive impairment. Mol Imaging Biol 2015; 17:231-8. [PMID: 25273321 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-014-0780-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sigma-1 receptors are involved in learning and memory processes. We assessed sigma-1 receptor expression and memory function in two animal models of cognitive impairment. PROCEDURES Male Wistar-Hannover rats were either lesioned by unilateral injection of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid in the nucleus basalis, or deprived of rapid eye movement sleep for 48 h, using the modified multiple platform method. Sigma-1 receptor expression was examined with the positron emission tomography radiotracer [(11)C]SA4503, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. RESULTS Cortical tracer uptake after 1 week was not significantly affected by lesioning. Immunohistochemistry revealed moderate increases of sigma-1 receptors at bregma level -2.8, in parietal cortex layer V of the lesioned hemisphere. Sleep deprivation lowered passive avoidance test scores and reduced [(11)C]SA4503 accumulation and sigma-1 receptor expression in pons. CONCLUSIONS Cholinergic lesioning causes an increase of sigma-1 receptor expression in a small cortical area which may be neuroprotective. Sleep deprivation decreases receptor expression in midbrain and pons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha K Ramakrishnan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Nguyen L, Lucke-Wold BP, Mookerjee SA, Cavendish JZ, Robson MJ, Scandinaro AL, Matsumoto RR. Role of sigma-1 receptors in neurodegenerative diseases. J Pharmacol Sci 2015; 127:17-29. [PMID: 25704014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases with distinct genetic etiologies and pathological phenotypes appear to share common mechanisms of neuronal cellular dysfunction, including excitotoxicity, calcium dysregulation, oxidative damage, ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Glial cells, including microglia and astrocytes, play an increasingly recognized role in both the promotion and prevention of neurodegeneration. Sigma receptors, particularly the sigma-1 receptor subtype, which are expressed in both neurons and glia of multiple regions within the central nervous system, are a unique class of intracellular proteins that can modulate many biological mechanisms associated with neurodegeneration. These receptors therefore represent compelling putative targets for pharmacologically treating neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we provide an overview of the biological mechanisms frequently associated with neurodegeneration, and discuss how sigma-1 receptors may alter these mechanisms to preserve or restore neuronal function. In addition, we speculate on their therapeutic potential in the treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Nguyen
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, School of Pharmacy, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States; Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Brandon P Lucke-Wold
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Shona A Mookerjee
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Touro University California, College of Pharmacy, 1310 Club Drive, Vallejo, CA 94592, United States
| | - John Z Cavendish
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Matthew J Robson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 465 21st Ave, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Anna L Scandinaro
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, School of Pharmacy, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States; Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Rae R Matsumoto
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, School of Pharmacy, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States; Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States; Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Touro University California, College of Pharmacy, 1310 Club Drive, Vallejo, CA 94592, United States.
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Post-Marketing Surveillance of Fluvoxamine Maleate Used Long-Term in Patients with Social Anxiety Disorder in Japan. Drugs Real World Outcomes 2014; 1:7-19. [PMID: 27747476 PMCID: PMC4883186 DOI: 10.1007/s40801-014-0005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background No data on the long-term ‘real-world’ use of fluvoxamine for the treatment of social anxiety disorder (SAD) in Japanese patients are currently available. Objective To evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of fluvoxamine for SAD in the clinical setting. Methods Japanese patients with SAD who initiated treatment with fluvoxamine were enrolled in this 53-week post-marketing survey from 407 institutions nationwide. Data including rates of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and efficacy were collected. Overall improvement was assessed using the Clinical Global Impression for Improvement. SAD symptoms and treatment responses were assessed with the Japanese version of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. Results From the 1,974 patients surveyed, 1,790 and 1,504 patients were eligible for analysis of safety and efficacy, respectively. ADRs were reported in 18.2 % of patients, with nausea, somnolence, and constipation the most common. Over 50 % of these ADRs developed in the first 4 weeks of treatment. Serious ADRs were reported in 0.8 % of patients and included six cases of suicide attempt and three cases of suicidal ideation. Response to fluvoxamine was reported in 78.4 % of patients. In patients comorbid with depression, improvement in SAD symptoms with fluvoxamine treatment was significantly affected by clinical improvement in the depression. Conclusions These findings support the long-term safety and efficacy of fluvoxamine in patients with SAD. Most ADRs developed during the early treatment phase, and higher doses during the later phase were not associated with an increase in ADRs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s40801-014-0005-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Ramakrishnan NK, Visser AKD, Schepers M, Luurtsema G, Nyakas CJ, Elsinga PH, Ishiwata K, Dierckx RAJO, van Waarde A. Dose-dependent sigma-1 receptor occupancy by donepezil in rat brain can be assessed with (11)C-SA4503 and microPET. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:3997-4006. [PMID: 24639047 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3533-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Sigma-1 receptor agonists are under investigation as potential disease-modifying agents for several CNS disorders. Donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer's disease, is also a high-affinity sigma-1 agonist. OBJECTIVES The objectives of the present study were to investigate if the sigma-1 agonist tracer (11)C-SA4503 and microPET can be used to determine sigma-1 receptor occupancy (RO) of donepezil in the rat brain; to establish RO of donepezil at doses commonly used in rodent behavioural studies; and to determine the effective plasma concentration of donepezil required for 50 % of max-min occupancy (EC50). METHODS Male Wistar rats were pre-treated with donepezil (0.1 to 10 mg/kg) for about 1 h before microPET scans using (11)C-SA4503. The total distribution volume (V T) of the tracer was determined by Logan graphical analysis using time activity curves from arterial plasma and regions of interest drawn around the entire brain and individual brain regions. RO by donepezil was calculated from a modified Lassen plot, and ED50 was estimated from the sigmoidal dose-response curves obtained when the RO was plotted against log donepezil dose. RESULTS A dose-dependent reduction was observed for V T in the whole brain as well as individual brain regions. RO increased dose-dependently and was 93 % at 10 mg/kg. ED50 was 1.29 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS Donepezil, in the common dose range, was found to dose-dependently occupy a significant fraction of the sigma-1 receptor population. The data indicate that it is possible to determine sigma-1 RO by an agonist drug in rat brain, using (11)C-SA4503 and microPET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha K Ramakrishnan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Solntseva E, Kapai N, Popova O, Rogozin P, Skrebitsky V. The involvement of sigma1 receptors in donepezil-induced rescue of hippocampal LTP impaired by beta-amyloid peptide. Brain Res Bull 2014; 106:56-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Francardo V, Bez F, Wieloch T, Nissbrandt H, Ruscher K, Cenci MA. Pharmacological stimulation of sigma-1 receptors has neurorestorative effects in experimental parkinsonism. Brain 2014; 137:1998-2014. [PMID: 24755275 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The sigma-1 receptor, an endoplasmic reticulum-associated molecular chaperone, is attracting great interest as a potential target for neuroprotective treatments. We provide the first evidence that pharmacological modulation of this protein produces functional neurorestoration in experimental parkinsonism. Mice with intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesions were treated daily with the selective sigma-1 receptor agonist, PRE-084, for 5 weeks. At the dose of 0.3 mg/kg/day, PRE-084 produced a gradual and significant improvement of spontaneous forelimb use. The behavioural recovery was paralleled by an increased density of dopaminergic fibres in the most denervated striatal regions, by a modest recovery of dopamine levels, and by an upregulation of neurotrophic factors (BDNF and GDNF) and their downstream effector pathways (extracellular signal regulated kinases 1/2 and Akt). No treatment-induced behavioural-histological restoration occurred in sigma-1 receptor knockout mice subjected to 6-hydroxydopamine lesions and treated with PRE-084. Immunoreactivity for the sigma-1 receptor protein was evident in both astrocytes and neurons in the substantia nigra and the striatum, and its intracellular distribution was modulated by PRE-084 (the treatment resulted in a wider intracellular distribution of the protein). Our results suggest that sigma-1 receptor regulates endogenous defence and plasticity mechanisms in experimental parkinsonism. Boosting the activity of this protein may have disease-modifying effects in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Francardo
- 1 Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC F11, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Francesco Bez
- 1 Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC F11, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tadeusz Wieloch
- 2 Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hans Nissbrandt
- 3 Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Karsten Ruscher
- 2 Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - M Angela Cenci
- 1 Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC F11, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Prvulovic D, Schneider B. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of donepezil for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2014; 10:1039-50. [PMID: 24785550 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2014.915028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Donepezil is a highly selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and one of the only four drugs currently approved for treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Providing high bioavailability and a very long half-time, donepezil is regarded as effective and well tolerable in Alzheimer's disease patients, even in difficult clinical conditions such as hepatic or renal impairment. It moderately improves cognitive and global functioning scores in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease over the course of 6 - 12 months, with open-label extension studies suggesting effects of even longer duration. AREAS COVERED We summarized relevant pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, clinical trial and neuroimaging data of donepezil. A literature search was performed in the PubMed database; articles published until October 2013 have been considered for this review. Moreover, references from original work and reviews have been searched for further relevant literature. EXPERT OPINION Donepezil is one of the most frequently prescribed anti-dementia drugs. The recent additional approval of the 23 mg formulation will expand its use in patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease. After numerous Phase III study failures of novel disease-modifying drugs for Alzheimer's disease, donepezil is likely going to stay a first-line therapeutic option in Alzheimer's disease in the upcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Prvulovic
- Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy , Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10, 60528 Frankfurt/ Main , Germany
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Zvejniece L, Vavers E, Svalbe B, Vilskersts R, Domracheva I, Vorona M, Veinberg G, Misane I, Stonans I, Kalvinsh I, Dambrova M. The cognition-enhancing activity of E1R, a novel positive allosteric modulator of sigma-1 receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:761-71. [PMID: 24490863 PMCID: PMC3969087 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Here, we describe the in vitro and in vivo effects of (4R,5S)-2-(5-methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-acetamide (E1R), a novel positive allosteric modulator of sigma-1 receptors. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH E1R was tested for sigma receptor binding activity in a [³H](+)-pentazocine assay, in bradykinin (BK)-induced intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺](i)) assays and in an electrically stimulated rat vas deferens model. E1R's effects on cognitive function were tested using passive avoidance (PA) and Y-maze tests in mice. A selective sigma-1 receptor antagonist (NE-100), was used to study the involvement of the sigma-1 receptor in the effects of E1R. The open-field test was used to detect the effects of E1R on locomotion. KEY RESULTS Pretreatment with E1R enhanced the selective sigma-1 receptor agonist PRE-084's stimulating effect during a model study employing electrically stimulated rat vasa deferentia and an assay measuring the BK-induced [Ca²⁺](i) increase. Pretreatment with E1R facilitated PA retention in a dose-related manner. Furthermore, E1R alleviated the scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment during the PA and Y-maze tests in mice. The in vivo and in vitro effects of E1R were blocked by treatment with the selective sigma-1 receptor antagonist NE-100. E1R did not affect locomotor activity. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS E1R is a novel 4,5-disubstituted derivative of piracetam that enhances cognition and demonstrates efficacy against scopolamine-induced cholinergic dysfunction in mice. These effects are attributed to its positive modulatory action on the sigma-1 receptor and this activity may be relevant when developing new drugs for treating cognitive symptoms related to neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zvejniece
- Latvian Institute of Organic SynthesisRiga, Latvia
| | - E Vavers
- Latvian Institute of Organic SynthesisRiga, Latvia
- Riga Stradins UniversityRiga, Latvia
| | - B Svalbe
- Latvian Institute of Organic SynthesisRiga, Latvia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of LatviaRiga, Latvia
| | - R Vilskersts
- Latvian Institute of Organic SynthesisRiga, Latvia
- Riga Stradins UniversityRiga, Latvia
| | - I Domracheva
- Latvian Institute of Organic SynthesisRiga, Latvia
| | - M Vorona
- Latvian Institute of Organic SynthesisRiga, Latvia
| | - G Veinberg
- Latvian Institute of Organic SynthesisRiga, Latvia
| | | | | | - I Kalvinsh
- Latvian Institute of Organic SynthesisRiga, Latvia
| | - M Dambrova
- Latvian Institute of Organic SynthesisRiga, Latvia
- Riga Stradins UniversityRiga, Latvia
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Maisonial-Besset A, Funke U, Wenzel B, Fischer S, Holl K, Wünsch B, Steinbach J, Brust P. Automation of the radiosynthesis and purification procedures for [18F]Fluspidine preparation, a new radiotracer for clinical investigations in PET imaging of σ1 receptors in brain. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 84:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
The ARF-like (ARL) proteins, within the ARF family, are a collection of functionally diverse GTPases that share extensive (>40 %) identity with the ARFs and each other and are assumed to share basic mechanisms of regulation and a very incompletely documented degree of overlapping regulators. At least four ARLs were already present in the last eukaryotic common ancestor, along with one ARF, and these have been expanded to >20 members in mammals. We know little about the majority of these proteins so our review will focus on those about which the most is known, including ARL1, ARL2, ARL3, ARL4s, ARL6, ARL13s, and ARFRP1. From this fragmentary information we extract some generalizations and conclusions regarding the sources and extent of specificity and functions of the ARLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Wittinghofer
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Nordrhein-Westfalen Germany
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45
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Bobrov AE, Krasnoslobodtseva LA, Mutnykh EM, Kursakov AA. [Cognitive impairment in depression and potential applications of antidepressants with procognitive effects]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2014; 114:10-14. [PMID: 25591648 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201411411210-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The characteristics of cognitive impairment in depression are reviewed. Data of literature indicate that cognitive impairment may serve as a predictor of depression recurrence and poor prognosis of antidepressant therapy. In this view, we consider the importance of assessment of cognitive impairment and differential use of medications with precognitive effect (bupropion, vorteoxetine and some SSRI antidepressants as well as fluvoxamine, which is a potent agonist of the sigma-1-receptor).
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Bobrov
- Moskovskiĭ NII psikhiatrii Minzdrava Rossii, Moskva
| | - L A Krasnoslobodtseva
- Fakul'tet usovershenstvovaniia vracheĭ Rossiĭskogo natsional'nogo issledovatel'skogo meditsinskogo universiteta im. N.I. Pirogova, Moskva
| | - E M Mutnykh
- Fakul'tet usovershenstvovaniia vracheĭ Rossiĭskogo natsional'nogo issledovatel'skogo meditsinskogo universiteta im. N.I. Pirogova, Moskva
| | - A A Kursakov
- Moskovskiĭ NII psikhiatrii Minzdrava Rossii, Moskva
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46
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Borbély E, Scheich B, Helyes Z. Neuropeptides in learning and memory. Neuropeptides 2013; 47:439-50. [PMID: 24210137 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dementia conditions and memory deficits of different origins (vascular, metabolic and primary neurodegenerative such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases) are getting more common and greater clinical problems recently in the aging population. Since the presently available cognitive enhancers have very limited therapeutical applications, there is an emerging need to elucidate the complex pathophysiological mechanisms, identify key mediators and novel targets for future drug development. Neuropeptides are widely distributed in brain regions responsible for learning and memory processes with special emphasis on the hippocampus, amygdala and the basal forebrain. They form networks with each other, and also have complex interactions with the cholinergic, glutamatergic, dopaminergic and GABA-ergic pathways. This review summarizes the extensive experimental data in the well-established rat and mouse models, as well as the few clinical results regarding the expression and the roles of the tachykinin system, somatostatin and the closely related cortistatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate-cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), opioid peptides and galanin. Furthermore, the main receptorial targets, mechanisms and interactions are described in order to highlight the possible therapeutical potentials. Agents not only symptomatically improving the functional impairments, but also inhibiting the progression of the neurodegenerative processes would be breakthroughs in this area. The most promising mechanisms determined at the level of exploratory investigations in animal models of cognitive disfunctions are somatostatin sst4, NPY Y2, PACAP-VIP VPAC1, tachykinin NK3 and galanin GALR2 receptor agonisms, as well as delta opioid receptor antagonism. Potent and selective non-peptide ligands with good CNS penetration are needed for further characterization of these molecular pathways to complete the preclinical studies and decide if any of the above described targets could be appropriate for clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Borbély
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
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47
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Su J, Hato-Yamada N, Araki H, Yoshimura H. Test-retest paradigm of the forced swimming test in female mice is not valid for predicting antidepressant-like activity: participation of acetylcholine and sigma-1 receptors. J Pharmacol Sci 2013; 123:246-55. [PMID: 24162025 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.13145fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The forced swimming test (FST) in mice is widely used to predict the antidepressant activity of a drug, but information describing the immobility of female mice is limited. We investigated whether a prior swimming experience affects the immobility duration in a second FST in female mice and whether the test-retest paradigm is a valid screening tool for antidepressants. Female ICR mice were exposed to the FST using two experimental paradigms: a single FST and a double FST in which mice had experienced FST once 24 h prior to the second trail. The initial FST experience reliably prolonged immobility duration in the second FST. The antidepressants imipramine and paroxetine significantly reduced immobility duration in the single FST, but not in the double FST. Scopolamine and the sigma-1 (σ1) antagonist NE-100 administered before the second trial significantly prevented the prolongation of immobility. Neither a 5-HT1A nor a 5-HT2A receptor agonist affected immobility duration. We suggest that the test-retest paradigm in female mice is not adequate for predicting antidepressant-like activity of a drug; the prolongation of immobility in the double FST is modulated through acetylcholine and σ1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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48
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The evaluation of AZ66, an optimized sigma receptor antagonist, against methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity and memory impairment in mice. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 16:1033-44. [PMID: 22932447 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145712000831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma (σ) receptors have recently been identified as potential targets for the development of novel therapeutics aimed at mitigating the effects of methamphetamine. Particularly, σ receptors are believed to mitigate some of the neurotoxic effects of methamphetamine through modulation of dopamine, dopamine transporters and body temperature. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that targeting σ receptors may prevent cognitive impairments produced by methamphetamine. In the present study, an optimized σ receptor antagonist, AZ66, was evaluated against methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity and cognitive dysfunction. AZ66 was found to be highly selective for σ receptors compared to 64 other sites tested. Pretreatment of male, Swiss Webster mice with i.p. dosing of AZ66 significantly attenuated methamphetamine-induced striatal dopamine depletions, striatal dopamine transporter reductions and hyperthermia. Additionally, neurotoxic dosing with methamphetamine caused significant memory impairment in the object recognition test, which was attenuated when animals were pretreated with AZ66; similar trends were observed in the step-through passive avoidance test. Taken together, these results suggest that targeting σ receptors may provide neuroprotection against the neurotoxicity and cognitive impairments produced by methamphetamine.
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49
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Geldenhuys WJ, Novotny N, Malan SF, Van der Schyf CJ. 3D-QSAR and docking studies of pentacycloundecylamines at the sigma-1 (σ1) receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:1707-11. [PMID: 23414839 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pentacycloundecylamine (PCU) derived compounds have been shown to be promising lead structures for the development of novel drug candidates aimed at a variety of neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Here we show for the first time a 3D quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) for a series of aza-PCU-derived compounds with activity at the sigma-1 (σ1) receptor. A comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) model was developed with a partial least squares cross validated (q(2)) regression value of 0.6, and a non-cross validated r(2) of 0.9. The CoMFA model was effective at predicting the sigma-1 activities of a test set with an r(2) >0.7. We also describe here the docking of the PCU-derived compounds into a homology model of the sigma-1 (σ1) receptor, which was developed to gain insight into binding of these cage compounds to the receptor. Based on docking studies we evaluated in a [(3)H]pentazocine binding assay an oxa-PCU, NGP1-01 (IC50=1.78μM) and its phenethyl derivative (IC50=1.54μM). Results from these studies can be used to develop new compounds with specific affinity for the sigma-1(σ1) receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner J Geldenhuys
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH 44272, USA.
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50
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Neuroprotective strategies in hippocampal neurodegeneration induced by the neurotoxicant trimethyltin. Neurochem Res 2012. [PMID: 23179590 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0932-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The selective vulnerability of specific neuronal subpopulations to trimethyltin (TMT), an organotin compound with neurotoxicant effects selectively involving the limbic system and especially marked in the hippocampus, makes it useful to obtain in vivo models of neurodegeneration associated with behavioural alterations, such as hyperactivity and aggression, cognitive impairment as well as temporal lobe epilepsy. TMT has been widely used to study neuronal and glial factors involved in selective neuronal death, as well as the molecular mechanisms leading to hippocampal neurodegeneration (including neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, intracellular calcium overload, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress). It also offers a valuable instrument to study the cell-cell interactions and signalling pathways that modulate injury-induced neurogenesis, including the involvement of newly generated neurons in the possible repair processes. Since TMT appears to be a useful tool to damage the brain and study the various responses to damage, this review summarises current data from in vivo and in vitro studies on neuroprotective strategies to counteract TMT-induced neuronal death, that may be useful to elucidate the role of putative candidates for translational medical research on neurodegenerative diseases.
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