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Mando Z, Mando H, Afzan A, Shaari K, Hassan Z, Mohamad Taib MNA, Zakaria F. Biomarker triterpenoids of Centella asiatica as potential antidepressant agents: Combining in vivo and in silico studies. Behav Brain Res 2024; 466:114976. [PMID: 38599249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Although there are various treatments available for depression, some patients may experience resistance to treatment or encounter adverse effects. Centella asiatica (C. asiatica) is an ancient medicinal herb used in Ayurvedic medicine for its rejuvenating, neuroprotective and psychoactive properties. This study aims to explore the antidepressant-like effects of the major constituents found in C. asiatica, i.e., asiatic acid, asiaticoside, madecassic acid, and madecassoside at three doses (1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg, i.p), on the behavioural and cortisol level of unpredictable chronic stress (UCS) zebrafish model. Based on the findings from the behavioural study, the cortisol levels in the zebrafish body after treatment with the two most effective compounds were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, a molecular docking study was conducted to predict the inhibitory impact of the triterpenoid compounds on serotonin reuptake. The in vivo results indicate that madecassoside (1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg), asiaticoside and asiatic acid (5 mg/kg) activated locomotor behaviour. Madecassoside at all tested doses and asiaticoside at 2.5 and 5 mg/kg significantly decreased cortisol levels compared to the stressed group, indicating the potential regulation effect of madecassoside and asiaticoside on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis overactivity. This study highlights the potential benefits of madecassoside and asiaticoside in alleviating depressive symptoms through their positive effects on behaviour and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)- axis in a chronic unpredictable stress zebrafish model. Furthermore, the in silico study provided additional evidence to support these findings. These promising results suggest that C. asiatica may be a valuable and cost-effective therapeutic option for depression, and further research should be conducted to explore its potential benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaynab Mando
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800 USM, Malaysia
| | - Huda Mando
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control, Arab International University, Daraa, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Adlin Afzan
- Phytochemistry Unit, Herbal Medicine Research Institute, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Products (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Zurina Hassan
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800 USM, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Nurul Azmi Mohamad Taib
- Natural Products and Synthesis Organic Laboratory (NPSOLab), School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Fauziahanim Zakaria
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800 USM, Malaysia.
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Rawat R, Tunc-Ozcan E, Dunlop S, Tsai YH, Li F, Bertossi R, Peng CY, Kessler JA. Ketamine's rapid and sustained antidepressant effects are driven by distinct mechanisms. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:105. [PMID: 38413417 PMCID: PMC10899278 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Administration of multiple subanesthetic doses of ketamine increases the duration of antidepressant effects relative to a single ketamine dose, but the mechanisms mediating this sustained effect are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that ketamine's rapid and sustained effects on affective behavior are mediated by separate and temporally distinct mechanisms. The rapid effects of a single dose of ketamine result from increased activity of immature neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus without an increase in neurogenesis. Treatment with six doses of ketamine over two weeks doubled the duration of behavioral effects after the final ketamine injection. However, unlike ketamine's rapid effects, this more sustained behavioral effect did not correlate with increased immature neuron activity but instead correlated with increased numbers of calretinin-positive and doublecortin-positive immature neurons. This increase in neurogenesis was associated with a decrease in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, a known inhibitor of neurogenesis. Injection of a BMP4-expressing lentivirus into the dentate gyrus maintained BMP signaling in the niche and blocked the sustained - but not the rapid - behavioral effects of ketamine, indicating that decreased BMP signaling is necessary for ketamine's sustained effects. Thus, although the rapid effects of ketamine result from increased activity of immature neurons in the dentate gyrus without requiring an increase in neurogenesis, ketamine's sustained effects require a decrease in BMP signaling and increased neurogenesis along with increased neuron activity. Understanding ketamine's dual mechanisms of action should help with the development of new rapid-acting therapies that also have safe, reliable, and sustained effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Rawat
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Ward 10-233, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Elif Tunc-Ozcan
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Ward 10-233, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Sara Dunlop
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Ward 10-233, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Yung-Hsu Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Ward 10-233, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Fangze Li
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Ward 10-233, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Ryan Bertossi
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Ward 10-233, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Chian-Yu Peng
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Ward 10-233, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - John A Kessler
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Ward 10-233, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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Fawzi SF, Michel HE, Menze ET, Tadros MG, George MY. Clotrimazole ameliorates chronic mild stress-induced depressive-like behavior in rats; crosstalk between the HPA, NLRP3 inflammasome, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111354. [PMID: 38103406 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a major emotional disorder that has a detrimental effect on quality of life. The chronic mild stress (CMS)-depression model was adopted in rats to evaluate the neurotherapeutic effect of Clotrimazole (CLO) and investigate the possible mechanisms of its antidepressant action via its impact on the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and the stress hormone, cortisol. It was found that azole antifungals affect steroidogenesis and the HPA axis. Behavioral, histopathological, inflammatory, and apoptotic pathways were assessed. Serum cortisol, inflammasome biomarkers, hippocampal NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-18, and the canonical Wnt/β-catenin neurogenesis biomarkers, Wnt3a, and non-phosphorylated β-catenin levels were also determined. Different stressors were applied for 28 days to produce depressive-like symptoms, and CLO was administered at a daily dose of 30 mg/kg body weight. Subsequently, behavioral and biochemical tests were carried out to assess the depressive-like phenotype in rats. Stressed rats showed increased immobility time in the forced swimming test (FST), decreased grooming time in the splash test (ST), increased serum cortisol levels, increased inflammasome biomarkers, and decreased neurogenesis. However, administration of CLO produced significant antidepressant-like effects in rats, which were accompanied by a significant decrease in immobility time in FST, an increase in grooming time in ST, a decrease in serum cortisol level, a decrease in inflammasome biomarkers, and an increase in neurogenesis biomarkers. The antidepressant mechanism of CLO involves the HPA axis and the anti-inflammatory effect, followed by neurogenesis pathway activation. Therefore, CLO may have the potential to be a novel antidepressant candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia F Fawzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haidy E Michel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Esther T Menze
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariane G Tadros
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mina Y George
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt.
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Gigliotta A, Trontti K, Väänänen J, Hovatta I. Gene expression profiling reveals a role of immune system and inflammation in innate and stress-induced anxiety-like behavior. Front Genet 2023; 14:1173376. [PMID: 37260777 PMCID: PMC10229056 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1173376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety is an evolutionarily conserved response that is essential for survival. Pathological anxiety, however, is a maladaptive response to nonthreatening situations and greatly affects quality of life. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has increased the prevalence of anxiety symptoms and highlighted the urge to identify the molecular events that initiate pathological anxiety. To this aim, we investigated the extent of similarity of brain region-specific gene expression patterns associated with innate and stress-induced anxiety-like behavior. We compared the cortico-frontal (FCx) and hippocampal (Hpc) gene expression patterns of five inbred mouse strains with high or low levels of innate anxiety-like behavior with gene expression patterns of mice subjected to chronic social defeat stress. We found significantly large overlap of the Hpc but small overlap of the FCx gene expression patterns in innate and stress-induced anxiety, that however, converged onto common inflammation and immune system canonical pathways. Comparing the gene expression data with drug-gene interaction datasets revealed drug candidates, including medrysone, simvastatin, captopril, and sulpiride, that produced gene expression changes opposite to those observed in innate or stress-induced anxiety-like behavior. Together, our data provide a comprehensive overview of FCx and Hpc gene expression differences between innate and stress-induced anxiety and support the role of inflammation and immune system in anxiety-like behavior.
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Grabowska K, Ziemichód W, Biała G. Recent Studies on the Development of Nicotine Abuse and Behavioral Changes Induced by Chronic Stress Depending on Gender. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13010121. [PMID: 36672102 PMCID: PMC9857036 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, stressful situations are an unavoidable element of everyday life. Stressors activate a number of complex mental and physiological reactions in the organism, thus affecting the state of health of an individual. Stress is the main risk factor in the development of mental disorders, such as depression and other disorders developing as a result of addiction. Studies indicate that women are twice as likely as men to develop anxiety, depression and therefore addiction, e.g., to nicotine. Even though the data presented is indicative of significant differences between the sexes in the prevalence of these disorders, the majority of preclinical animal models for investigating stress-induced disorders use predominantly male subjects. However, the recent data indicates that this type of studies has also been launched in female rodents. Therefore, conducting research on both sexes allows for a more accurate understanding and assessment of the impact of stress on stress-induced behavioral, peripheral and molecular changes in the body and brain. In this manuscript we have gathered the data from 41 years (from 1981-2022) on the influence of stress on the development of depression and nicotine addiction in both sexes.
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Serafini G, Costanza A, Aguglia A, Amerio A, Trabucco A, Escelsior A, Sher L, Amore M. The Role of Inflammation in the Pathophysiology of Depression and Suicidal Behavior: Implications for Treatment. Med Clin North Am 2023; 107:1-29. [PMID: 36402492 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Depression and suicidal behavior are 2 complex psychiatric conditions of significant public health concerns due to their debilitating nature. The need to enhance contemporary treatments and preventative approaches for these illnesses not only calls for distillation of current views on their pathogenesis but also provides an impetus for further elucidation of their novel etiological determinants. In this regard, inflammation has recently been recognized as a potentially important contributor to the development of depression and suicidal behavior. This review highlights key evidence that supports the presence of dysregulated neurometabolic and immunologic signaling and abnormal interaction with microbial species as putative etiological hallmarks of inflammation in depression as well as their contribution to the development of suicidal behavior. Furthermore, therapeutic insights addressing candidate mechanisms of pathological inflammation in these disorders are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Serafini
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health DINOGMI, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genoa 16132, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Costanza
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva (UNIGE), Geneva, Switzerland, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Italian Switzerland (USI), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Aguglia
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health DINOGMI, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genoa 16132, Italy
| | - Andrea Amerio
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health DINOGMI, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genoa 16132, Italy
| | - Alice Trabucco
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health DINOGMI, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Escelsior
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health DINOGMI, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genoa 16132, Italy
| | - Leo Sher
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mario Amore
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health DINOGMI, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genoa 16132, Italy
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Lorenzo EC, Kuchel GA, Kuo CL, Moffitt TE, Diniz BS. Major depression and the biological hallmarks of aging. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 83:101805. [PMID: 36410621 PMCID: PMC9772222 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by psychological and physiological manifestations contributing to the disease severity and outcome. In recent years, several lines of evidence have suggested that individuals with MDD have an elevated risk of age-related adverse outcomes across the lifespan. This review provided evidence of a significant overlap between the biological abnormalities in MDD and biological changes commonly observed during the aging process (i.e., hallmarks of biological aging). Based on such evidence, we formulate a mechanistic model showing how abnormalities in the hallmarks of biological aging can be a common denominator and mediate the elevated risk of age-related health outcomes commonly observed in MDD. Finally, we proposed a roadmap for novel studies to investigate the intersection between the biology of aging and MDD, including the use of geroscience-guided interventions, such as senolytics, to delay or improve major depression by targeting biological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica C Lorenzo
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - George A Kuchel
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Chia-Ling Kuo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Terrie E Moffitt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom; PROMENTA Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Breno S Diniz
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
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López-Moraga A, Beckers T, Luyten L. The effects of stress on avoidance in rodents: An unresolved matter. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:983026. [PMID: 36275848 PMCID: PMC9580497 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.983026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the face of a possible threat, a range of physiological (e.g., increased heart rate) and behavioral (e.g., avoidance or escape) responses are recruited. Here, we will focus on avoidance, in its persistent form one of the core symptoms of anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The initial goal of fear and avoidance responses is to increase survival, but if they become persistent or overgeneralize, they can disrupt normal daily functioning, and ultimately even result in anxiety-related disorders. Relatedly, acute stress responses promote adaptation and survival, while chronic stress has been found to aggravate pathophysiology. Thus, stress might trigger the transition from adaptive to maladaptive responses, e.g., from goal-directed to persistent avoidance. Animal models are prime tools to unravel if and how stress influences avoidance. This is typically done by performing stress inductions prior to the assessment of (passive or active) avoidance behavior. Despite its clinical relevance, the current literature on this topic is fragmented, and an overall conclusion is lacking. In this Review, we first recapitulate the state of the art regarding stress and active as well as passive avoidance procedures. We then summarize the behavioral effects of acute and chronic stress on active and passive avoidance, and discuss the main neurobiological findings of the field. Finally, we highlight possible reasons for the largely contradictory findings in the literature and we propose strategies to further unravel the effect of stress on avoidance behavior. A deeper understanding of this currently unresolved matter may provide further insights in the etiology and treatment of anxiety-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba López-Moraga
- Center for the Psychology of Learning and Experimental Psychopathology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Beckers
- Center for the Psychology of Learning and Experimental Psychopathology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Tom Beckers,
| | - Laura Luyten
- Center for the Psychology of Learning and Experimental Psychopathology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laura Luyten,
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Hirata RYS, Oliveira RN, Silva MSCF, Armada-Moreira A, Vaz SH, Ribeiro FF, Sebastião AM, Lemes JA, de Andrade JS, Rosário BA, Céspedes IC, Viana MB. Platinum nanoparticle-based microreactors protect against the behavioral and neurobiological consequences of chronic stress exposure. Brain Res Bull 2022; 190:1-11. [PMID: 36089164 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Excitotoxicity is described as the exacerbated activation of glutamate AMPA and NMDA receptors that leads to neuronal damage, and ultimately to cell death. Astrocytes are responsible for the clearance of 80-90% of synaptically released glutamate, preventing excitotoxicity. Chronic stress renders neurons vulnerable to excitotoxicity and has been associated to neuropsychiatric disorders, i.e., anxiety. Microreactors containing platinum nanoparticles (Pt-NP) and glutamate dehydrogenase have shown in vitro activity against excitotoxicity. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the in vivo effects of these microreactors on the behavioral and neurobiological effects of chronic stress exposure. Rats were either unstressed or exposed for 2 weeks to an unpredictable chronic mild stress paradigm (UCMS), administered intra-ventral hippocampus with the microreactors (with or without the blockage of astrocyte functioning), and seven days later tested in the elevated T-maze (ETM; Experiment 1). The ETM allows the measurement of two defensive responses, avoidance and escape, in terms of psychopathology respectively related to generalized anxiety and panic disorder. Locomotor activity in an open field was also measured. Since previous evidence shows that stress inhibits adult neurogenesis, we evaluated the effects of the different treatments on the number of cells expressing the marker of migrating neuroblasts doublecortin (DCX) in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus (Experiment 2). Results showed that UCMS induces anxiogenic effects, increases locomotion, and decreases the number of DCX cells in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus, effects that were counteracted by microreactor administration. This is the first study to demonstrate the in vivo efficacy of Pt-NP against the behavioral and neurobiological effects of chronic stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Y S Hirata
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136, 11015-020 Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto N Oliveira
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136, 11015-020 Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana S C F Silva
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136, 11015-020 Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adam Armada-Moreira
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Bredgatan 33, 602 21 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Sandra H Vaz
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz MB, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipa F Ribeiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz MB, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz MB, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jéssica A Lemes
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136, 11015-020 Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José S de Andrade
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136, 11015-020 Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bárbara A Rosário
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136, 11015-020 Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabel C Céspedes
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 740, 04023-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Milena B Viana
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136, 11015-020 Santos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Segi-Nishida E, Suzuki K. Regulation of adult-born and mature neurons in stress response and antidepressant action in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Neurosci Res 2022:S0168-0102(22)00233-4. [PMID: 36030966 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus has been implicated in the regulation of stress responses, and in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. This review discusses the cellular changes caused by chronic stress and the cellular role of the DG in stress-induced behavioral changes and its antidepressant-like effects. Regarding adult-born neurogenic processes in the DG, chronic stress, such as repeated social defeat, suppresses cell proliferation during and immediately after stress; however, this effect is transient. The subsequent differentiation and survival processes are differentially regulated depending on the timing and sensitivity of stress. The activation of young adult-born neurons during stress contributes to stress resilience, while the transient increase in the survival of adult-born neurons after the cessation of stress seems to promote stress susceptibility. In mature granule neurons, the predominant cells in the DG, synaptic plasticity is suppressed by chronic stress. However, a group of mature granule neurons is activated by chronic stress. Chronic antidepressant treatment can transform mature granule neurons to a phenotype resembling that of immature neurons, characterized as "dematuration". Adult-born neurons suppress the activation of mature granule neurons during stress, indicating that local neural interactions within the DG are important for the stress response. Elucidating the stress-associated context- and timing-dependent cellular changes and functions in the DG will provide insights into stress-related psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Segi-Nishida
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kanzo Suzuki
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Neuromodulation and Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Depression: A Scoping Review. Brain Res Bull 2022; 188:92-107. [PMID: 35853529 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The 'neurogenesis hypothesis of depression' emphasizes the importance of upregulated hippocampal neurogenesis for the efficacy of antidepressant treatment. Neuromodulation is a promising therapeutic method that stimulates neural circuitries to treat neuropsychiatric illnesses. We conducted a scoping review on the neurogenic and antidepressant outcomes of neuromodulation in animal models of depression. PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycInfo were comprehensively searched for full-text English articles from inception to October 5, 2021. Data screening and extraction were conducted independently by two researchers. Seventeen eligible studies were included in this review. The majority of studies used non-invasive neuromodulation (n = 14) and assessed neurogenesis using neural proliferation (n = 16) and differentiation markers (n = 9). Limited reports (n = 2) used neurogenic inhibitors to evaluate the role of neurogenesis on the depressive-like behavioral outcomes. Overall, neuromodulation substantially effectuated both hippocampal cell proliferation and antidepressant-like behavior in animal models of depression, with some providing evidence for enhanced neuronal differentiation and maturation. The proposed neurogenic-related mechanisms mediating the neuromodulation efficacies included neurotrophic processes, anti-apoptotic pathways, and normalization of HPA axis functions. Further research is warranted to explore the role of neuromodulation-induced neurogenic effects on treatment efficacies and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Rawat R, Tunc-Ozcan E, McGuire TL, Peng CY, Kessler JA. Ketamine activates adult-born immature granule neurons to rapidly alleviate depression-like behaviors in mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2650. [PMID: 35551462 PMCID: PMC9098911 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30386-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketamine treatment decreases depressive symptoms within hours, but the mechanisms mediating these rapid antidepressant effects are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that activity of adult-born immature granule neurons (ABINs) in the mouse hippocampal dentate gyrus is both necessary and sufficient for the rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine. Ketamine treatment activates ABINs in parallel with its behavioral effects in both stressed and unstressed mice. Chemogenetic inhibition of ABIN activity blocks the antidepressant effects of ketamine, indicating that this activity is necessary for the behavioral effects. Conversely, chemogenetic activation of ABINs without any change in neuron numbers mimics both the cellular and the behavioral effects of ketamine, indicating that increased activity of ABINs is sufficient for rapid antidepressant effects. These findings thus identify a specific cell population that mediates the antidepressant actions of ketamine, indicating that ABINs can potentially be targeted to limit ketamine's side effects while preserving its therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Rawat
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Elif Tunc-Ozcan
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Tammy L McGuire
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Chian-Yu Peng
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - John A Kessler
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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13
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An X, Wang Y. Electroconvulsive shock increases neurotrophy and neurogenesis: Time course and treatment session effects. Psychiatry Res 2022; 309:114390. [PMID: 35063747 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that hippocampal neurotrophy may be related to the development of major depressive disorders. Neurogenesis, which can be regulated by neurotrophic factors, is also involved in antidepressant efficacy. This paper reviewed literature on neurotrophic signaling and cell proliferation after electroconvulsive shock (ECS) treatment. All articles were from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases between 2000 and 2020. The keywords used in the literature search are: "ECS," "ECT," "electroconvulsive seizure," "electroconvulsive shock," "electroconvulsive therapy," "neurotrophic factor," "nerve growth factor," "neurotrophins," "neurogenesis," and "cell proliferation." Eighty-two articles were included in the final analysis. It was shown that compared with acute ECS, repeated ECS increased neurotrophin expression in more brain regions at higher levels and was maintained for a longer time. Similarly, ECS increased cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The increase in cell proliferation was positively correlated with the amount of ECS administered and the newly born cells survived for a long time. The effects of ECS in inducing increases in neurotrophin levels and neurogenesis may contribute to brain function changes and antidepressant effects. Future research may focus on optimal sessions of ECT treatment to obtain the best therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianli An
- School of Educational Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, JiangSu Province, China.
| | - Yaqing Wang
- School of Educational Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, JiangSu Province, China
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14
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Ishola IO, Olubodun-Obadun TG, Bakre OA, Ojo ES, Adeyemi OO. Kolaviron ameliorates chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced anxiety and depression: involvement of the HPA axis, antioxidant defense system, cholinergic, and BDNF signaling. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2022; 37:277-287. [PMID: 35218172 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2021-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to investigate the beneficial effect of kolaviron (KV) (a biflavonoid) isolated from Garcinia kola seed on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced anxiety- and depressive-like behavior. METHODS Male albino mice were randomly divided into six groups (n=8) as follows; Group I: vehicle-control unstressed; Group II: CUMS-control; Group III-V: CUMS + KV 1, 5 or 50 mg/kg, respectively, Group VI: KV (50 mg/kg, p.o.) unstressed mice. Animals were subjected to CUMS for 14 days, followed by estimation of depressive- and anxiety-like behavior from days 14-16. This was followed by biochemical assays for oxidative stress, hypothalamo-pituitary axis, cholinergic, and BDNF signaling. RESULTS CUMS caused significant reduction in time spent in open arms of elevated plus maze test (EPM) and increase in immobility time in tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST) ameliorated by KV treatments. KV administration also attenuated CUMS-induced malondialdehyde/nitrite generation and decrease in antioxidant enzymes activities in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. CUMS increased serum corticosterone, acetylcholinesterase activity, and reduced BDNF level in the PFC and hippocampus were attenuated by KV administration. CONCLUSIONS KV prevented CUMS induced anxiety- and depression-like behavior in mice through enhancement of antioxidant defense mechanisms, neurotrophic factors, and cholinergic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail O Ishola
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.,African Centre of Excellence for Drug Research, Herbal Medicine Development and Regulatory Science, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Taiwo G Olubodun-Obadun
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Oluwasayo A Bakre
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel S Ojo
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.,Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Olufunmilayo O Adeyemi
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.,African Centre of Excellence for Drug Research, Herbal Medicine Development and Regulatory Science, Lagos, Nigeria
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15
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Kalinina A, Krekhno Z, Yee J, Lehmann H, Fournier NM. Effect of repeated seizures on spatial exploration and immediate early gene expression in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 12:73-80. [PMID: 35028638 PMCID: PMC8741423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Immediate early genes (IEGs) are coordinately activated in response to neuronal activity and can cause activation of secondary response genes that modulate synaptic plasticity and mediate long-lasting changes in behaviour. Excessive neuronal stimulation induced by epileptic seizures induce rapid and dramatic changes in IEG expression. Although the impact of acute seizure activity on IEG expression has been well studied, less is known about the long-term effects of chronic seizures on IEG induction during seizure free periods where behavioural and cognitive impairments are frequently observed in people with epilepsy and in animal models of epilepsy. The present study sought out to examine the impact of chronic pentylenetetrazole evoked seizures (PTZ kindling) on spatial exploration induced in IEG expression (c-Fos, ΔFosB, Homer1a, Egr1, Npas4, Nr4a1) in the hippocampus (CA1 and CA3 subfields) and dentate gyrus of rats. Male rats underwent two weeks of PTZ kindling (every 2 days) or received vehicle injections and were placed into a novel open field arena for 30 min either 24 hrs or 4 weeks after the last treatment. Although exploratory activity was similar between PTZ kindled and vehicle controls when examined 24 hrs after the last treatment, we observed a significant reduction in spatial exploration induced expression of c-Fos, Egr1, and ΔFosB in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus, and reduced expression of Nr4a1 in the dentate gyrus and Homer1a in the hippocampus only. When testing was conducted after a 4-week recovery period, only c-Fos continued to show reduced expression after exposure a novel environment in previously PTZ kindled animals. Interestingly, these animals also showed reduced activity in the center region of the open field suggestive of heightened anxiety-like behaviour. Collectively, these results suggest that repeated seizures may lead to longterm downregulation in hippocampal IEG expression that can extend into seizure free periods thereby providing a critical mechanism for the development of cognitive and behavioural deficits that arise during chronic epilepsy
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Kalinina
- Department of Psychology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Zakhar Krekhno
- Department of Psychology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Janet Yee
- Department of Psychology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Hugo Lehmann
- Department of Psychology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Neil M Fournier
- Department of Psychology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
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16
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Mikulska J, Juszczyk G, Gawrońska-Grzywacz M, Herbet M. HPA Axis in the Pathomechanism of Depression and Schizophrenia: New Therapeutic Strategies Based on Its Participation. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11101298. [PMID: 34679364 PMCID: PMC8533829 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11101298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is involved in the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. Increased HPA axis activity can be observed during chronic stress, which plays a key role in the pathophysiology of depression. Overactivity of the HPA axis occurs in major depressive disorder (MDD), leading to cognitive dysfunction and reduced mood. There is also a correlation between the HPA axis activation and gut microbiota, which has a significant impact on the development of MDD. It is believed that the gut microbiota can influence the HPA axis function through the activity of cytokines, prostaglandins, or bacterial antigens of various microbial species. The activity of the HPA axis in schizophrenia varies and depends mainly on the severity of the disease. This review summarizes the involvement of the HPA axis in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, focusing on major depression and schizophrenia, and highlights a possible correlation between these conditions. Although many effective antidepressants are available, a large proportion of patients do not respond to initial treatment. This review also discusses new therapeutic strategies that affect the HPA axis, such as glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonists, vasopressin V1B receptor antagonists and non-psychoactive CB1 receptor agonists in depression and/or schizophrenia.
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17
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Peñaloza-Sancho V, Pérez-Valenzuela C, Gonzalez C, Jujihara G, Bustos P, Dagnino-Subiabre A. Cannabinoid receptor type 1 modulates the effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on memory of stressed rats. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 24:583-600. [PMID: 31637966 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1659561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Memory and GABAergic activity in the hippocampus of stressed rats improve after n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation. On the other hand, cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) strongly regulates inhibitory neurotransmission in the hippocampus. Speculation about a possible relation between stress, endocannabinoids, and PUFAs. Here, we examined whether the effects of PUFAs on memory of chronically stressed rats depends on pharmacological manipulation of CB1 receptors. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally supplemented with n-3 (fish oil) or n-6 (primrose oil) PUFAs during chronic restraint stress (CRS) protocol (6 h/day; 21 days). First, we studied if the expression of CB1 receptors in the hippocampus may be affected by CRS and PUFAs supplementation by real-time PCR and immunofluorescence. CRS up-regulated the CB1 expression compared with the non-stressed rats, while only n-3 PUFAs countered this effect. Memory was evaluated in the Morris water maze. Stressed rats were co-treated with PUFAs and/or modulators of CB1 receptor (AM251, antagonist, 0.3 mg/kg/day; WIN55,212-2, agonist, 0.5 mg/kg/day) by intraperitoneal injections. Memory improved in the stressed rats that were treated with AM251 and/or n-3 PUFAs. Supplementation with n-6 PUFAs did not affect memory of stressed rats, but co-treatment with AM251 improved it, while co-treatment with WIN55,212-2 did not affect memory. Our results demonstrate that activity of the CB1 receptors may modulate the effects of PUFAs on memory of stressed rats. This study suggests that endocannabinoids and PUFAs can both become a singular system by being self-regulated in limbic areas, so they control the effects of stress on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentín Peñaloza-Sancho
- Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Institute of Physiology, Center for Neurobiology and Integrative Pathophysiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Catherine Pérez-Valenzuela
- Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Institute of Physiology, Center for Neurobiology and Integrative Pathophysiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Celindo Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Institute of Physiology, Center for Neurobiology and Integrative Pathophysiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - German Jujihara
- Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Institute of Physiology, Center for Neurobiology and Integrative Pathophysiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Paulina Bustos
- PhD Program in Aquaculture, School of Marine Sciences, Pontifica Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Alexies Dagnino-Subiabre
- Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Institute of Physiology, Center for Neurobiology and Integrative Pathophysiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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18
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Botanas CJ, Perez Custodio RJ, Kim HJ, de la Pena JB, Sayson LV, Ortiz DM, Kim M, Lee HJ, Acharya S, Kim KM, Lee CJ, Ryu JH, Lee YS, Cheong JH. R (-)-methoxetamine exerts rapid and sustained antidepressant effects and fewer behavioral side effects relative to S (+)-methoxetamine. Neuropharmacology 2021; 193:108619. [PMID: 34023336 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The newfound antidepressant efficacy of ketamine has provided opportunities for the development of new-generation, rapid-acting, glutamate-based antidepressants. We previously identified that methoxetamine (MXE), a ketamine analog, and an N-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, produced rapid and sustained antidepressant effects in mice. MXE (R, S (±)-MXE) is a racemic mixture containing equal parts of S (+)-MXE and R (-)-MXE. However, studies have yet to investigate the antidepressant effects of its enantiomers. Here, we examined the potential antidepressant properties and behavioral side effects of S- and R-MXE in mice. Both S- and R-MXE showed significant NMDA receptor affinity and appreciable inhibitory activity on serotonin transporter. Also, S- and R-MXE (10 mg kg-1) exerted antidepressant effects and increased gamma waves (electroencephalography) but were inhibited by NBQX (an AMPA receptor antagonist). Subsequently, they increased mammalian target of rapamycin phosphorylation and AMPA receptor subunits GluA1 and GluA2 protein levels in the hippocampus or prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, they increased 5HT2a and 5HT2c receptor mRNA levels in the prefrontal cortex, with their antidepressant effects inhibited by ketanserin (a 5HT2a/c receptor antagonist). Taken together, S-MXE and R-MXE elicit antidepressant effects that are probably mediated via glutamatergic and serotonergic mechanisms. Unlike S-MXE, R-MXE did not induce prepulse inhibition deficits, hyperlocomotion, conditioned place preference, and locomotor sensitization, although it acutely altered motor coordination. This suggests that R-MXE induces fewer behavioral side effects and is a safer antidepressant than S-MXE. Overall, this study provides significant implications for future research on the next generation of rapid-acting, glutamate-based antidepressant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrislean Jun Botanas
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Raly James Perez Custodio
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - June Bryan de la Pena
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, United States
| | - Leandro Val Sayson
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Darlene Mae Ortiz
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Kim
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jun Lee
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Srijan Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Man Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Jung Lee
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy & Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sup Lee
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy & Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Hoon Cheong
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54896 Republic of Korea.
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19
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Duan J, Huang Y, Tan X, Chai T, Wu J, Zhang H, Li Y, Hu X, Zheng P, Ji P, Zhao L, Yang D, Fang L, Song J, Xie P. Characterization of gut microbiome in mice model of depression with divergent response to escitalopram treatment. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:303. [PMID: 34016954 PMCID: PMC8138009 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common and heterogeneous mental disorder. Although several antidepressants are available to treat the patients with depression, the factors which could affect and predict the treatment response remain unclear. Here, we characterize the longitudinal changes of microbial composition and function during escitalopram treatment in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mice model of depression based on 16 S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics. Consequently, we found that escitalopram (ESC) administration serves to increase the alpha-diversity of the gut microbiome in ESC treatment group. The microbial signatures between responder (R) and non-responder (NR) groups were significantly different. The R group was mainly characterized by increased relative abundances of genus Prevotellaceae_UCG-003, and depleted families Ruminococcaceae and Lactobacillaceae relative to NR group. Moreover, we identified 15 serum metabolites responsible for discriminating R and NR group. Those differential metabolites were mainly involved in phospholipid metabolism. Significantly, the bacterial OTUs belonging to family Lachnospiraceae, Helicobacteraceae, and Muribaculaceae formed strong co-occurring relationships with serum metabolites, indicating alternations of gut microbiome and metabolites as potential mediators in efficiency of ESC treatment. Together, our study demonstrated that the alterations of microbial compositions and metabolic functions might be relevant to the different response to ESC, which shed new light in uncovering the mechanisms of differences in efficacy of antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Duan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, the College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xunmin Tan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingjia Chai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, the College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hanping Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yifan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Ji
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Libo Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Deyu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Psychoseomadsy, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Peng Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Psychoseomadsy, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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20
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Chronic unpredictable stress negatively regulates hippocampal neurogenesis and promote anxious depression-like behavior via upregulating apoptosis and inflammatory signals in adult rats. Brain Res Bull 2021; 172:164-179. [PMID: 33895271 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Psychological and physical stress play a pivotal role in etiology of anxiety and depression. Chronic psychological and physical stress modify various physiological phenomena, as a consequence of which oxidative stress, decreased neurotransmitter level, elevated corticosterone level and altered NSC homeostasis is observed. However, the precise mechanism by which chronic stress induce anxious depression and modify internal milieu is still unknown. Herein, we show that exposure to CUS increase oxidative stress, microgliosis, astrogliosis while it reduces hippocampal NSC proliferation, neuronal differentiation and maturation in adult rats. CUS exposure in rats reduce dopamine and serotonin level in cortex and hippocampus, which result in increased anxiety and depression-like phenotypes. We also found elevated level of NF-κB and TNF-α while decreased anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 level, that led to increased expression of Bax and cleaved Caspase-3 whereas down regulation of antiapoptotic protein Bcl2. Additionally, CUS altered adult hippocampal neurogenesis, increased gliosis and neuronal apoptosis in cerebral cortex and hippocampus which might be associated with reduced AKT and increased ERK signaling, as seen in the rat brain tissue. Taken together, these results indicate that CUS induce oxidative stress and neuroinflammation which directly affects NSC dynamics, monoamines levels and behavioral functions in adult rats.
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21
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Tukhovskaya EA, Shaykhutdinova ER, Ismailova AM, Slashcheva GA, Prudchenko IA, Mikhaleva II, Khokhlova ON, Murashev AN, Ivanov VT. DSIP-Like KND Peptide Reduces Brain Infarction in C57Bl/6 and Reduces Myocardial Infarction in SD Rats When Administered during Reperfusion. Biomedicines 2021; 9:407. [PMID: 33918965 PMCID: PMC8069497 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A structural analogue of the DSIP, peptide KND, previously showed higher detoxification efficacy upon administration of the cytotoxic drug cisplatin, compared to DSIP. DSIP and KND were investigated using the model of acute myocardial infarction in male SD rats and the model of acute focal stroke in C57Bl/6 mice. A significant decrease in the myocardial infarction area was registered in KND-treated animals relative to saline-treated control animals (19.1 ± 7.3% versus 42.1 ± 9.2%). The brain infarction volume was significantly lower in animals intranasally treated with KND compared to the control saline-treated animals (7.4 ± 3.5% versus 12.2 ± 5.6%). Injection of KND in the first minute of reperfusion in the models of myocardial infarction and cerebral stroke reduced infarction of these organs, indicating a pronounced cardioprotective and neuroprotective effect of KND and potentiality for the treatment of ischemia-reperfusion injuries after transient ischemic attacks on the heart and brain, when administered during the reperfusion period. A preliminary pilot study using the model of myocardial infarction with the administration of DSIP during occlusion, and the model of cerebral stroke with the administration of KND during occlusion, resulted in 100% mortality in animals. Thus, in the case of ischemia-reperfusion injuries of the myocardium and the brain, use of these peptides is only possible during reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A. Tukhovskaya
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Prospekt Nauki, 6, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (E.R.S.); (A.M.I.); (G.A.S.); (O.N.K.); (A.N.M.)
| | - Elvira R. Shaykhutdinova
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Prospekt Nauki, 6, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (E.R.S.); (A.M.I.); (G.A.S.); (O.N.K.); (A.N.M.)
| | - Alina M. Ismailova
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Prospekt Nauki, 6, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (E.R.S.); (A.M.I.); (G.A.S.); (O.N.K.); (A.N.M.)
| | - Gulsara A. Slashcheva
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Prospekt Nauki, 6, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (E.R.S.); (A.M.I.); (G.A.S.); (O.N.K.); (A.N.M.)
| | - Igor A. Prudchenko
- Laboratory of Peptide Chemistry, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.P.); (I.I.M.); (V.T.I.)
| | - Inessa I. Mikhaleva
- Laboratory of Peptide Chemistry, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.P.); (I.I.M.); (V.T.I.)
| | - Oksana N. Khokhlova
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Prospekt Nauki, 6, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (E.R.S.); (A.M.I.); (G.A.S.); (O.N.K.); (A.N.M.)
| | - Arkady N. Murashev
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Prospekt Nauki, 6, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (E.R.S.); (A.M.I.); (G.A.S.); (O.N.K.); (A.N.M.)
| | - Vadim T. Ivanov
- Laboratory of Peptide Chemistry, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.P.); (I.I.M.); (V.T.I.)
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Khan AR, Geiger L, Wiborg O, Czéh B. Stress-Induced Morphological, Cellular and Molecular Changes in the Brain-Lessons Learned from the Chronic Mild Stress Model of Depression. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041026. [PMID: 32326205 PMCID: PMC7226496 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe illness imposing an increasing social and economic burden worldwide. Numerous rodent models have been developed to investigate the pathophysiology of MDD. One of the best characterized and most widely used models is the chronic mild stress (CMS) model which was developed more than 30 years ago by Paul Willner. More than 2000 published studies used this model, mainly to assess novel compounds with potential antidepressant efficacy. Most of these studies examined the behavioral consequences of stress and concomitant drug intervention. Much fewer studies focused on the CMS-induced neurobiological changes. However, the stress-induced cellular and molecular changes are important as they may serve as potential translational biomarkers and increase our understanding of the pathophysiology of MDD. Here, we summarize current knowledge on the structural and molecular alterations in the brain that have been described using the CMS model. We discuss the latest neuroimaging and postmortem histopathological data as well as molecular changes including recent findings on microRNA levels. Different chronic stress paradigms occasionally deliver dissimilar findings, but the available experimental data provide convincing evidence that the CMS model has a high translational value. Future studies examining the neurobiological changes in the CMS model in combination with clinically effective antidepressant drug intervention will likely deliver further valuable information on the pathophysiology of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Raza Khan
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute (SGPGI) Campus, Lucknow-226017, U.P, India;
| | - Lili Geiger
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ove Wiborg
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark;
| | - Boldizsár Czéh
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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Kudryashov NV, Kalinina TS, Shimshirt AA, Volkova AV, Narkevich VB, Naplekova PL, Kasabov KA, Kudrin VS, Voronina TA, Fisenko VP. The Behavioral and Neurochemical Aspects of the Interaction between Antidepressants and Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress. Acta Naturae 2020; 12:63-72. [PMID: 32477600 PMCID: PMC7245955 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.10942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The behavioral and neurochemical effects of amitriptyline (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and
fluoxetine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) after single and chronic administration in the
setting of unpredictable mild stress in outbred ICR (CD-1) mice were studied.
After a 28-day exposure to stress, we observed an increase in depressive
reaction in a forced swim test in mice, as well as reduced hippocampal levels
of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid
(5-HIAA) and an increased hypothalamic level of noradrenaline (NA). Single and
chronic administration of amitriptyline and fluoxetine shortened the immobility
period and increased the time corresponding to active swimming in the forced
swim test. The antidepressant-like effect of fluoxetine – but not of
amitriptyline – after a single injection coincided with an increase in
the 5-HT turnover in the hippocampus. Chronic administration of the
antidepressants increased the hypothalamic levels of NA. Thus, the
antidepressant- like effect of amitriptyline and fluoxetine may result from an
enhancement of the stress-dependent adaptive mechanisms depleted by chronic
stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. V. Kudryashov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution «Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology», Moscow, 125315 Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991 Russia
- N.K. Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, Moscow, 119334 Russia
| | - T. S. Kalinina
- Federal State Budgetary Institution «Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology», Moscow, 125315 Russia
- N.K. Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, Moscow, 119334 Russia
| | - A. A. Shimshirt
- Federal State Budgetary Institution «Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology», Moscow, 125315 Russia
| | - A. V. Volkova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution «Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology», Moscow, 125315 Russia
| | - V. B. Narkevich
- Federal State Budgetary Institution «Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology», Moscow, 125315 Russia
| | - P. L. Naplekova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution «Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology», Moscow, 125315 Russia
| | - K. A. Kasabov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution «Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology», Moscow, 125315 Russia
| | - V. S. Kudrin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution «Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology», Moscow, 125315 Russia
| | - T. A. Voronina
- Federal State Budgetary Institution «Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology», Moscow, 125315 Russia
| | - V. P. Fisenko
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991 Russia
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Anxiolytic and panicolytic-like effects of environmental enrichment seem to be modulated by serotonin neurons located in the dorsal subnucleus of the dorsal raphe. Brain Res Bull 2019; 150:272-280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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25
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Jianguo L, Xueyang J, Cui W, Changxin W, Xuemei Q. Altered gut metabolome contributes to depression-like behaviors in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:40. [PMID: 30696813 PMCID: PMC6351597 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0391-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has been increasingly correlated with depressive disorder. It was recently shown that the transplantation of the gut microbiota from depressed patients to animals can produce depressive-like behaviors, suggesting that the gut microbiota plays a causal role in the development of depression. In addition, metabolic disorder, which is strongly associated with depression, is exacerbated by changes in the composition of the gut microbiota and is alleviated by treatment with antidepressants. However, the key players and pathways that link the gut microbiota to the pathogenesis of depression remain largely unknown. To evaluate the relationships between depression and metabolic disorders in feces and plasma, we monitored changes in fecal and plasma metabolomes during the development of depressive-like behaviors in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). In these animals, the fecal metabolome was altered first and subjected to changes in the plasma metabolome. Changes in the abundance of fecal metabolites were associated with depressive-like behaviors and with altered levels of neurotransmitters in the hippocampus. Furthermore, the analysis of the fecal metabolome and the fecal microbiota in CUMS rats demonstrated consistent changes in the levels of several amino acids, including L-threonine, isoleucine, alanine, serine, tyrosine, and oxidized proline. Finally, we observed significant correlations between these amino acids and the altered fecal microbiota. The results of this study suggest that changes in amino acid metabolism by the gut microbiota contribute to changes in circulating amino acids and are associated with the behavior indices of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jianguo
- Laboratory of Microbiome and Health, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China. .,Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Jia Xueyang
- 0000 0004 1760 2008grid.163032.5Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006 China ,0000 0004 1760 2008grid.163032.5Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006 China
| | - Wang Cui
- 0000 0004 1760 2008grid.163032.5Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006 China ,0000 0004 1760 2008grid.163032.5Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006 China
| | - Wu Changxin
- 0000 0004 1760 2008grid.163032.5Laboratory of Microbiome and Health, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006 China ,0000 0004 1760 2008grid.163032.5Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006 China
| | - Qin Xuemei
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China. .,Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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Nandam LS, Brazel M, Zhou M, Jhaveri DJ. Cortisol and Major Depressive Disorder-Translating Findings From Humans to Animal Models and Back. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:974. [PMID: 32038323 PMCID: PMC6987444 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a global problem for which current pharmacotherapies are not completely effective. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction has long been associated with MDD; however, the value of assessing cortisol as a biological benchmark of the pathophysiology or treatment of MDD is still debated. In this review, we critically evaluate the relationship between HPA axis dysfunction and cortisol level in relation to MDD subtype, stress, gender and treatment regime, as well as in rodent models. We find that an elevated cortisol response to stress is associated with acute and severe, but not mild or atypical, forms of MDD. Furthermore, the increased incidence of MDD in females is associated with greater cortisol response variability rather than higher baseline levels of cortisol. Despite almost all current MDD treatments influencing cortisol levels, we could find no convincing relationship between cortisol level and therapeutic response in either a clinical or preclinical setting. Thus, we argue that the absolute level of cortisol is unreliable for predicting the efficacy of antidepressant treatment. We propose that future preclinical models should reliably produce exaggerated HPA axis responses to acute or chronic stress a priori, which may, or may not, alter baseline cortisol levels, while also modelling the core symptoms of MDD that can be targeted for reversal. Combining genetic and environmental risk factors in such a model, together with the interrogation of the resultant molecular, cellular, and behavioral changes, promises a new mechanistic understanding of MDD and focused therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Sanjay Nandam
- Mental Health Unit, Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: L. Sanjay Nandam, ; Dhanisha J. Jhaveri,
| | - Matthew Brazel
- Mental Health Unit, Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Mei Zhou
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dhanisha J. Jhaveri
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: L. Sanjay Nandam, ; Dhanisha J. Jhaveri,
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Chronic corticosterone increases ΔFOSB and CRFR1 immunoreactivity in brain regions that modulate aversive conditioning. Behav Brain Res 2019; 356:107-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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28
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Effect of chronic unpredictable stress on mice with developmental under-expression of the Ahi1 gene: behavioral manifestations and neurobiological correlates. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:124. [PMID: 29967406 PMCID: PMC6028478 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0171-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Abelson helper integration site 1 (Ahi1) gene plays a pivotal role in brain development and is associated with genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia, and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Translational research in genetically modified mice may reveal the neurobiological mechanisms of such associations. Previous studies of mice heterozygous for Ahi1 knockout (Ahi1+/-) revealed an attenuated anxiety response on various relevant paradigms, in the context of a normal glucocorticoid response to caffeine and pentylenetetrazole. Resting-state fMRI showed decreased amygdalar connectivity with various limbic brain regions and altered network topology. However, it was not clear from previous studies whether stress-hyporesponsiveness reflected resilience or, conversely, a cognitive-emotional deficit. The present studies were designed to investigate the response of Ahi1+/- mice to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) applied over 9 weeks. Wild type (Ahi1+/+) mice were significantly affected by CUS, manifesting decreased sucrose preference (p < 0.05); reduced anxiety on the elevated plus maze and light dark box and decreased thigmotaxis in the open field (p < 0.01 0.05); decreased hyperthermic response to acute stress (p < 0.05); attenuated contextual fear conditioning (p < 0.01) and increased neurogenesis (p < 0.05). In contrast, Ahi1+/- mice were indifferent to the effects of CUS assessed with the same parameters. Our findings suggest that Ahi1 under-expression during neurodevelopment, as manifested by Ahi1+/- mice, renders these mice stress hyporesponsive. Ahi1 deficiency during development may attenuate the perception and/or integration of environmental stressors as a result of impaired corticolimbic connectivity or aberrant functional wiring. These neural mechanisms may provide initial clues as to the role Ahi1 in schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders.
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29
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Lopes DA, Souza TM, de Andrade JS, Silva MF, Antunes HK, Sueur-Maluf LL, Céspedes IC, Viana MB. Environmental enrichment decreases avoidance responses in the elevated T-maze and delta FosB immunoreactivity in anxiety-related brain regions. Behav Brain Res 2018; 344:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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30
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de Andrade JS, Céspedes IC, Abrão RO, da Silva JM, Ceneviva R, Ribeiro DA, Bittencourt JC, Viana MB. Effects of acute restraint and unpredictable chronic mild stress on brain corticotrophin releasing factor mRNA in the elevated T-maze. Behav Brain Res 2018; 337:139-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Food restriction reduces neurogenesis in the avian hippocampal formation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189158. [PMID: 29211774 PMCID: PMC5718509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian hippocampus is particularly vulnerable to chronic stress. Adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus is suppressed by chronic stress and by administration of glucocorticoid hormones. Post-natal and adult neurogenesis are present in the avian hippocampal formation as well, but much less is known about its sensitivity to chronic stressors. In this study, we investigate this question in a commercial bird model: the broiler breeder chicken. Commercial broiler breeders are food restricted during development to manipulate their growth curve and to avoid negative health outcomes, including obesity and poor reproductive performance. Beyond knowing that these chickens are healthier than fully-fed birds and that they have a high motivation to eat, little is known about how food restriction impacts the animals' physiology. Chickens were kept on a commercial food-restricted diet during the first 12 weeks of life, or released from this restriction by feeding them ad libitum from weeks 7–12 of life. To test the hypothesis that chronic food restriction decreases the production of new neurons (neurogenesis) in the hippocampal formation, the cell proliferation marker bromodeoxyuridine was injected one week prior to tissue collection. Corticosterone levels in blood plasma were elevated during food restriction, even though molecular markers of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation did not differ between the treatments. The density of new hippocampal neurons was significantly reduced in the food-restricted condition, as compared to chickens fed ad libitum, similar to findings in rats at a similar developmental stage. Food restriction did not affect hippocampal volume or the total number of neurons. These findings indicate that in birds, like in mammals, reduction in hippocampal neurogenesis is associated with chronically elevated corticosterone levels, and therefore potentially with chronic stress in general. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that the response to stressors in the avian hippocampal formation is homologous to that of the mammalian hippocampus.
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Gandy K, Kim S, Sharp C, Dindo L, Maletic-Savatic M, Calarge C. Pattern Separation: A Potential Marker of Impaired Hippocampal Adult Neurogenesis in Major Depressive Disorder. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:571. [PMID: 29123464 PMCID: PMC5662616 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis involves the generation of new neurons, particularly in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Decreased hippocampal neurogenesis has been implicated in both animal models of depression and in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), despite some inconsistency in the literature. Here, we build upon current models to generate a new testable hypothesis, linking impaired neurogenesis to downstream psychological outcomes commonly observed in MDD. We contend that disruption in adult neurogenesis impairs pattern separation, a hippocampus-dependent function requiring the careful discrimination and storage of highly similar, but not identical, sensory inputs. This, in turn, can affect downstream processing and response selection, of relevance to emotional wellbeing. Specifically, disrupted pattern separation leads to misperceived stimuli (i.e., stimulus confusion), triggering the selection and deployment of established responses inappropriate for the actual stimuli. We speculate that this may be akin to activation of automatic thoughts, described in the Cognitive Behavior Theory of MDD. Similarly, this impaired ability to discriminate information at a fundamental sensory processing level (e.g., impaired pattern separation) could underlie impaired psychological flexibility, a core component of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy of MDD. We propose that research is needed to test this model by examining the relationship between cognitive functioning (e.g., pattern separation ability), psychological processes (e.g., perseveration and psychological inflexibility), and neurogenesis, taking advantage of emerging magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based imaging that measures neurogenesis in-vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellen Gandy
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sohye Kim
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine and Center for Reproductive Psychiatry, Pavilion for Women, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Carla Sharp
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lilian Dindo
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mirjana Maletic-Savatic
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Dan and Jan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chadi Calarge
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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Hippocampal bone morphogenetic protein signaling mediates behavioral effects of antidepressant treatment. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:910-919. [PMID: 27698430 PMCID: PMC5378681 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Many antidepressants stimulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis, but the mechanisms by which they increase neurogenesis and modulate behavior are incompletely understood. Here we show that hippocampal bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is modulated by antidepressant treatment, and that the changes in BMP signaling mediate effects of antidepressant treatment on neural progenitor cell proliferation and behavior. Treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine suppressed BMP signaling in the adult mouse hippocampus both by decreasing levels of BMP4 ligand and increasing production of the BMP inhibitor noggin. Increasing BMP signaling in the hippocampus via viral overexpression of BMP4 blocked the effects of fluoxetine on proliferation in the dentate gyrus and on depressive behavior. Conversely, inhibiting BMP signaling via viral overexpression of noggin in the hippocampus or infusion of noggin into the ventricles exerted antidepressant and anxiolytic activity along with an increase in hippocampal neurogenesis. Similarly, conditional genetic deletion of the type II BMP receptor in Ascl1-expressing cells promoted neurogenesis and reduced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, suggesting that neural progenitor cells contribute to the effects of BMP signaling on affective behavior. These observations indicate that BMP signaling in the hippocampus regulates depressive behavior, and that decreasing BMP signaling may be required for the effects of some antidepressants. Thus BMP signaling is a new and powerful potential target for the treatment of depression.
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Vitale G, Filaferro M, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Ruggieri V, Cifani C, Guerrini R, Simonato M, Zucchini S. Effects of [Nphe 1, Arg 14, Lys 15] N/OFQ-NH 2 (UFP-101), a potent NOP receptor antagonist, on molecular, cellular and behavioural alterations associated with chronic mild stress. J Psychopharmacol 2017; 31:691-703. [PMID: 28417659 DOI: 10.1177/0269881117691456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of [Nphe1] Arg14, Lys15-N/OFQ-NH2 (UFP-101), a selective NOP receptor antagonist, in chronic mild stress (CMS) in male Wistar rats. NOP receptor antagonists were reported to elicit antidepressant-like effects in rodents. Our aim was to investigate UFP-101 effects on CMS-induced anhedonia and impairment of hippocampal neurogenesis. UFP-101 (10 nmol/rat intracerebroventricularly) did not influence sucrose intake in non-stressed animals, but reinstated basal sucrose consumption in stressed animals from the second week of treatment. UFP-101 also reversed stress effects in forced swimming test and in open field. Fluoxetine (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally) produced similar effects. Moreover, we investigated whether UFP-101 could affect CMS-induced impairment in hippocampal cell proliferation and neurogenesis, and in fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) expression. Our data confirm that CMS reduced neural stem cell proliferation and neurogenesis in adult rat hippocampus. Chronic UFP-101 treatment did not affect the reduced proliferation (bromodeoxyuridine-positive cells) observed in stressed animals. However, UFP-101 increased the number of doublecortin-positive cells, restoring neurogenesis. Finally, UFP-101 significantly increased FGF-2 expression, reduced by CMS. These findings support the view that blockade of NOP receptors produces antidepressant-like effects in CMS associated with positive effects on neurogenesis and FGF-2 expression. Therefore, NOP receptors may represent a target for innovative antidepressant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Vitale
- 1 Department Life Sciences, University of Modena and RE, Modena, Italy
| | - Monica Filaferro
- 2 Department Biomedical, Metabolical and Neuro-Sciences, University of Modena and RE, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Ruggieri
- 4 Department Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults - University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Carlo Cifani
- 3 School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Remo Guerrini
- 5 Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Simonato
- 6 Department Medical Sciences and Laboratory for the Technologies for Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Zucchini
- 6 Department Medical Sciences and Laboratory for the Technologies for Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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35
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Coimbra NC, Paschoalin-Maurin T, Bassi GS, Kanashiro A, Biagioni AF, Felippotti TT, Elias-Filho DH, Mendes-Gomes J, Cysne-Coimbra JP, Almada RC, Lobão-Soares B. Critical neuropsychobiological analysis of panic attack- and anticipatory anxiety-like behaviors in rodents confronted with snakes in polygonal arenas and complex labyrinths: a comparison to the elevated plus- and T-maze behavioral tests. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 39:72-83. [PMID: 28177062 PMCID: PMC7112733 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2015-1895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To compare prey and snake paradigms performed in complex environments to the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and T-maze (ETM) tests for the study of panic attack- and anticipatory anxiety-like behaviors in rodents. Methods: PubMed was reviewed in search of articles focusing on the plus maze test, EPM, and ETM, as well as on defensive behaviors displayed by threatened rodents. In addition, the authors' research with polygonal arenas and complex labyrinth (designed by the first author for confrontation between snakes and small rodents) was examined. Results: The EPM and ETM tests evoke anxiety/fear-related defensive responses that are pharmacologically validated, whereas the confrontation between rodents and snakes in polygonal arenas with or without shelters or in the complex labyrinth offers ethological conditions for studying more complex defensive behaviors and the effects of anxiolytic and panicolytic drugs. Prey vs. predator paradigms also allow discrimination between non-oriented and oriented escape behavior. Conclusions: Both EPM and ETM simple labyrinths are excellent apparatuses for the study of anxiety- and instinctive fear-related responses, respectively. The confrontation between rodents and snakes in polygonal arenas, however, offers a more ethological environment for addressing both unconditioned and conditioned fear-induced behaviors and the effects of anxiolytic and panicolytic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norberto C Coimbra
- Laboratório de Neuroanatomia e Neuropsicobiologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento (INeC), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Núcleo de Pesquisa em Neurobiologia das Emoções (NAP-USP-NuPNE), FMRP, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Paschoalin-Maurin
- Laboratório de Neuroanatomia e Neuropsicobiologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Núcleo de Pesquisa em Neurobiologia das Emoções (NAP-USP-NuPNE), FMRP, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel S Bassi
- Laboratório de Neuroanatomia e Neuropsicobiologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Kanashiro
- Laboratório de Neuroanatomia e Neuropsicobiologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Audrey F Biagioni
- Laboratório de Neuroanatomia e Neuropsicobiologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Núcleo de Pesquisa em Neurobiologia das Emoções (NAP-USP-NuPNE), FMRP, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiana T Felippotti
- Laboratório de Neuroanatomia e Neuropsicobiologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento (INeC), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Daoud H Elias-Filho
- Laboratório de Neuroanatomia e Neuropsicobiologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento (INeC), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Joyce Mendes-Gomes
- Laboratório de Neuroanatomia e Neuropsicobiologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento (INeC), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Núcleo de Pesquisa em Neurobiologia das Emoções (NAP-USP-NuPNE), FMRP, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jade P Cysne-Coimbra
- Laboratório de Neuroanatomia e Neuropsicobiologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael C Almada
- Laboratório de Neuroanatomia e Neuropsicobiologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento (INeC), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Núcleo de Pesquisa em Neurobiologia das Emoções (NAP-USP-NuPNE), FMRP, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lobão-Soares
- Laboratório de Neuroanatomia e Neuropsicobiologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
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Biala G, Pekala K, Boguszewska-Czubara A, Michalak A, Kruk-Slomka M, Budzynska B. Behavioral and Biochemical Interaction Between Nicotine and Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:904-921. [PMID: 26780460 PMCID: PMC5310564 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9701-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine, the main component of tobacco smoke, exerts influence on mood, and contributes to physical and psychological dependence. Taking into account frequent concomitance of nicotine abuse and stress, we aimed to research behavioral and biochemical effects associated with nicotine administration in combination with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Mice were submitted to the procedure of CUMS for 4 weeks, 2 h per day. Our results revealed that CUMS-exposed animals exhibited behavioral alteration like anxiety disorders in the elevated plus maze (EPM) test, the disturbances in memory in the passive avoidance (PA) test and depressive effects in the forced swim test (FST). Moreover, nicotine (0.05–0.5 mg/kg), after an acute or subchronic administration decreased stress-induced depression- and anxiety-like effect as well as memory deficit. Administration of metyrapone (50 mg/kg), a glucocorticosteroid antagonist, alleviated the depressive effect induced by the CUMS. The biochemical experiments showed decreased values of the total antioxidant status (TAS), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) with simultaneously increased in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in mice submitted to the CUMS. The same effects were observed after an acute and subchronic nicotine administration within all examined brain structures (i.e., hippocampus, cortex, and cerebellum) and in the whole brain in non-stressed and stressed mice confirming pro-oxidative effect of nicotine. Our study contributes to the understanding of behavioral and biochemical mechanisms involved in stress-induced disorders such as depression, anxiety and memory disturbances as well as dual nicotine-stress interactions on the basis of the development of nicotine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Biala
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4A Street, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - K Pekala
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4A Street, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - A Boguszewska-Czubara
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4A Street, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - A Michalak
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4A Street, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - M Kruk-Slomka
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4A Street, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - B Budzynska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4A Street, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
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37
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Yang L, Shi LJ, Yu J, Zhang YQ. Activation of protein kinase A in the amygdala modulates anxiety-like behaviors in social defeat exposed mice. Mol Brain 2016; 9:3. [PMID: 26747511 PMCID: PMC4706664 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-015-0181-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Social defeat (SD) stress induces social avoidance and anxiety-like phenotypes. Amygdala is recognized as an emotion-related brain region such as fear, aversion and anxiety. It is conceivable to hypothesize that activation of amygdala is involved in SD-dependent behavioral defects. Results SD model was established using C57BL/6J mice that were physically defeated by different CD-1 mice for 10 days. Stressed mice exhibited decreased social interaction level in social interaction test and significant anxiety-like behaviors in elevated plus maze and open field tests. Meanwhile, a higher phosphorylation of PKA and CREB with a mutually linear correlation, and increased Fos labeled cells in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) were observed. Activation of PKA in the BLA by 8-Br-cAMP, a PKA activitor, significantly upregulated pCREB and Fos expression. To address the role of PKA activation on SD stress-induced social avoidance and anxiety-like behaviors, 8-Br-cAMP or H-89, a PKA inhibitor, was continuously administered into the bilateral BLA by a micro-osmotic pump system during the 10-day SD period. Neither H-89 nor 8-Br-cAMP affected the social behavior. Differently, 8-Br-cAMP significantly relieved anxiety-like behaviors in both general and moderate SD protocols. H-89 per se did not have anxiogenic effect in naïve mice, but aggravated moderate SD stress-induced anxiety-like behaviors. The antidepressant clomipramine reduced SD-induced anxiety and up-regulated pPKA level in the BLA. Conclusions These results suggest that SD-driven PKA activation in the basolateral amygdala is actually a compensatory rather than pathogenic response in the homeostasis, and modulating amygdaloid PKA may exhibit potency in the therapy of social derived disorders. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13041-015-0181-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 1202 Mingdao Building, 131 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Li-Jun Shi
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 1202 Mingdao Building, 131 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yu-Qiu Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 1202 Mingdao Building, 131 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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38
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Lopes DA, Lemes JA, Melo-Thomas L, Schor H, de Andrade JS, Machado CM, Horta-Júnior JA, Céspedes IC, Viana MB. Unpredictable chronic mild stress exerts anxiogenic-like effects and activates neurons in the dorsal and caudal region and in the lateral wings of the dorsal raphe nucleus. Behav Brain Res 2016; 297:180-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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39
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The prebiotics 3'Sialyllactose and 6'Sialyllactose diminish stressor-induced anxiety-like behavior and colonic microbiota alterations: Evidence for effects on the gut-brain axis. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 50:166-177. [PMID: 26144888 PMCID: PMC4631662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There are extensive bidirectional interactions between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system (CNS), and studies demonstrate that stressor exposure significantly alters gut microbiota community structure. We tested whether oligosaccharides naturally found in high levels in human milk, which have been reported to impact brain development and enhance the growth of beneficial commensal microbes, would prevent stressor-induced alterations in gut microbial community composition and attenuate stressor-induced anxiety-like behavior. Mice were fed standard laboratory diet, or laboratory diet containing the human milk oligosaccharides 3'Sialyllactose (3'SL) or 6'Sialyllactose (6'SL) for 2 weeks prior to being exposed to either a social disruption stressor or a non-stressed control condition. Stressor exposure significantly changed the structure of the colonic mucosa-associated microbiota in control mice, as indicated by changes in beta diversity. The stressor resulted in anxiety-like behavior in both the light/dark preference and open field tests in control mice. This effect was associated with a reduction in immature neurons in the dentate gyrus as indicated by doublecortin (DCX) immunostaining. These effects were not evident in mice fed milk oligosaccharides; stressor exposure did not significantly change microbial community structure in mice fed 3'SL or 6'SL. In addition, 3'SL and 6'SL helped maintain normal behavior on tests of anxiety-like behavior and normal numbers of DCX+ immature neurons. These studies indicate that milk oligosaccharides support normal microbial communities and behavioral responses during stressor exposure, potentially through effects on the gut microbiota-brain axis.
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40
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A Systematic Review of the Anxiolytic-Like Effects of Essential Oils in Animal Models. Molecules 2015; 20:18620-60. [PMID: 26473822 PMCID: PMC6332383 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201018620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical efficacy of standardized essential oils (such as Lavender officinalis), in treating anxiety disorders strongly suggests that these natural products are an important candidate source for new anxiolytic drugs. A systematic review of essential oils, their bioactive constituents, and anxiolytic-like activity is conducted. The essential oil with the best profile is Lavendula angustifolia, which has already been tested in controlled clinical trials with positive results. Citrus aurantium using different routes of administration also showed significant effects in several animal models, and was corroborated by different research groups. Other promising essential oils are Citrus sinensis and bergamot oil, which showed certain clinical anxiolytic actions; along with Achillea wilhemsii, Alpinia zerumbet, Citrus aurantium, and Spiranthera odoratissima, which, like Lavendula angustifolia, appear to exert anxiolytic-like effects without GABA/benzodiazepine activity, thus differing in their mechanisms of action from the benzodiazepines. The anxiolytic activity of 25 compounds commonly found in essential oils is also discussed.
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41
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Bulos EM, Pobbe RLH, Zangrossi H. Behavioral consequences of predator stress in the rat elevated T-maze. Physiol Behav 2015; 146:28-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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42
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Méquinion M, Chauveau C, Viltart O. The use of animal models to decipher physiological and neurobiological alterations of anorexia nervosa patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:68. [PMID: 26042085 PMCID: PMC4436882 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive studies were performed to decipher the mechanisms regulating feeding due to the worldwide obesity pandemy and its complications. The data obtained might be adapted to another disorder related to alteration of food intake, the restrictive anorexia nervosa. This multifactorial disease with a complex and unknown etiology is considered as an awful eating disorder since the chronic refusal to eat leads to severe, and sometimes, irreversible complications for the whole organism, until death. There is an urgent need to better understand the different aspects of the disease to develop novel approaches complementary to the usual psychological therapies. For this purpose, the use of pertinent animal models becomes a necessity. We present here the various rodent models described in the literature that might be used to dissect central and peripheral mechanisms involved in the adaptation to deficient energy supplies and/or the maintenance of physiological alterations on the long term. Data obtained from the spontaneous or engineered genetic models permit to better apprehend the implication of one signaling system (hormone, neuropeptide, neurotransmitter) in the development of several symptoms observed in anorexia nervosa. As example, mutations in the ghrelin, serotonin, dopamine pathways lead to alterations that mimic the phenotype, but compensatory mechanisms often occur rendering necessary the use of more selective gene strategies. Until now, environmental animal models based on one or several inducing factors like diet restriction, stress, or physical activity mimicked more extensively central and peripheral alterations decribed in anorexia nervosa. They bring significant data on feeding behavior, energy expenditure, and central circuit alterations. Animal models are described and criticized on the basis of the criteria of validity for anorexia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Méquinion
- INSERM UMR-S1172, Development and Plasticity of Postnatal Brain, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Chauveau
- Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bone Diseases, EA 4490, University of the Littoral Opal Coast, Boulogne sur Mer, France
| | - Odile Viltart
- INSERM UMR-S1172, Early stages of Parkinson diseases, University Lille 1, Lille, France
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43
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Coutellier L, Gilbert V, Shepard R. Npas4 deficiency increases vulnerability to juvenile stress in mice. Behav Brain Res 2015; 295:17-25. [PMID: 25911220 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
During specific windows of postnatal brain development, individuals are particularly susceptible to developing mental illnesses in adulthood. Adolescence is such a window during which environmental stress can have long-lasting consequences on social and cognitive functions. In individuals, highly vulnerable to stress, a relatively mild stressful situation can trigger the onset of psychiatric conditions. The genetic factors and mechanisms underlying vulnerability to stress are not well understood. Here, we show that variations in expression of the brain-specific transcription factor Npas4 contributes to the long-term consequences of juvenile stress on cognitive abilities. We observed that transgenic Npas4-deficient mice exposed to chronic mild stress during adolescence (but not during adulthood) develop prefrontal cortex-dependent cognitive deficits in adulthood, while the same stress did not affect Npas4 wild-type mice. These cognitive deficits were accompanied by fewer neuroblasts in the subventricular zone, and reduced ability of these immature neuronal cells to migrate away from this neurogenic zone toward cortical regions. These findings suggest for the first time that the transcription factor Npas4 could play a significant role in coping with juvenile stress. They also suggest that Npas4 could modulate resilience or vulnerability to stress by mediating the effects of stress on neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Coutellier
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Valerie Gilbert
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ryan Shepard
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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44
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McCall N, Mahadevia D, Corriveau JA, Glenn MJ. Adult emotionality and neural plasticity as a function of adolescent nutrient supplementation in male rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 132:125-135. [PMID: 25782746 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study explored the effects of supplementing male rats with either choline, omega-3 fatty acids, or phytoestrogens, from weaning into early adulthood, on emotionality and hippocampal plasticity. Because of the neuroprotective properties of these nutrients, we hypothesized that they would positively affect both behavior and hippocampal function when compared to non-supplemented control rats. To test this hypothesis, male Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to one of four nutrient conditions after weaning: 1) control (normal rat chow); 2) choline (supplemented in drinking water); 3) omega 3 fatty acids (daily oral supplements); or 4) phytoestrogens (supplemented in chow). After 4weeks on their respective diets, a subset of rats began 3weeks of behavioral testing, while the remaining behaviorally naïve rats were sacrificed after 6weeks on the diets to assess numbers of adult-born hippocampal neurons using the immature neuron marker, doublecortin. The results revealed that choline supplementation affected emotional functioning; compared to rats in other diet conditions, rats in this group were less anxious in an open field and after exposure to predator odor and showed less behavioral despair after forced swimming. Similar behavioral findings were evident following supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids and phytoestrogen supplementation, though not on all tests and not to the same magnitude. Histological findings followed a pattern consistent with the behavioral findings: choline supplementation, followed by omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, but not phytoestrogen supplementation, significantly increased the numbers of new-born hippocampal neurons. Choline and omega-3 fatty acids have similar biological functions-affecting cell membranes, growth factor levels, and epigenetically altering gene transcription. Thus, the present findings suggest that targeting nutrients with these effects may be a viable strategy to combat adult psychopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora McCall
- Department of Biology, Colby College, Waterville, ME 04901, United States
| | - Darshini Mahadevia
- Department of Psychology, Colby College, Waterville, ME 04901, United States
| | | | - Melissa J Glenn
- Department of Psychology, Colby College, Waterville, ME 04901, United States.
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45
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O'Leary OF, Cryan JF. A ventral view on antidepressant action: roles for adult hippocampal neurogenesis along the dorsoventral axis. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2014; 35:675-87. [PMID: 25455365 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is implicated in antidepressant action, stress responses, and cognitive functioning. The hippocampus is functionally segregated along its longitudinal axis into dorsal (dHi) and ventral (vHi) regions in rodents, and analogous posterior and anterior regions in primates, whereby the vHi preferentially regulates stress and anxiety, while the dHi preferentially regulates spatial learning and memory. Given the role of neurogenesis in functions preferentially regulated by the dHi or vHi, it is plausible that neurogenesis is preferentially regulated in either the dHi or vHi depending upon the stimulus. We appraise here the literature on the effects of stress and antidepressants on neurogenesis along the hippocampal longitudinal axis and explore whether preferential regulation of neurogenesis in the vHi/anterior hippocampus contributes to stress resilience and antidepressant action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia F O'Leary
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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46
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Garcia I, Quast KB, Huang L, Herman AM, Selever J, Deussing JM, Justice NJ, Arenkiel BR. Local CRH signaling promotes synaptogenesis and circuit integration of adult-born neurons. Dev Cell 2014; 30:645-59. [PMID: 25199688 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neural activity either enhances or impairs de novo synaptogenesis and circuit integration of neurons, but how this activity is mechanistically relayed in the adult brain is largely unknown. Neuropeptide-expressing interneurons are widespread throughout the brain and are key candidates for conveying neural activity downstream via neuromodulatory pathways that are distinct from classical neurotransmission. With the goal of identifying signaling mechanisms that underlie neuronal circuit integration in the adult brain, we have virally traced local corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-expressing inhibitory interneurons with extensive presynaptic inputs onto new neurons that are continuously integrated into the adult rodent olfactory bulb. Local CRH signaling onto adult-born neurons promotes and/or stabilizes chemical synapses in the olfactory bulb, revealing a neuromodulatory mechanism for continued circuit plasticity, synapse formation, and integration of new neurons in the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Garcia
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kathleen B Quast
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Longwen Huang
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alexander M Herman
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer Selever
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jan M Deussing
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Nicholas J Justice
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin R Arenkiel
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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47
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Forced swim and chronic variable stress reduced hippocampal cell survival in OVX female rats. Behav Brain Res 2014; 270:248-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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48
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de Andrade JS, Viana MB, Abrão RO, Bittencourt JC, Céspedes IC. CRF family peptides are differently altered by acute restraint stress and chronic unpredictable stress. Behav Brain Res 2014; 271:302-8. [PMID: 24933190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) acts to promote stress-like physiological and behavioral responses and is mainly expressed in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN). Urocortin 1 (Ucn1) is also a ligand to CRF type 1 and 2 receptors that has been associated with the stress response. Ucn1 neurons are primarily found in the Edinger-Westphal (EW) nucleus. It has been previously proposed that CRF and Ucn1 differently modulate stress responses to distinct types of stressors. The present study used male Wistar rats to compare the effects of acute restraint stress and unpredictable chronic stress (UCS) through Fos-immunoreactivity (Fos-ir) on CRF-containing neurons of PVN and Ucn1-containing EW centrally projecting neurons. Results showed that PVN neurons responded to both acute restraint and UCS. Also for the PVN, unspecific variables, dependent on the time animals remained in the laboratory, do not seem to alter Fos-ir, since no significant differences between acute and chronic control groups were found. On the other hand, EW neurons were only activated in response to acute restraint stress. Also, for this nucleus a significant difference was found between acute and chronic control groups, suggesting that unspecific variables, dependent on the time animals remain in the laboratory, interfere with the nucleus activation. These results suggest that CRF/Ucn1 neuronal circuits encompass two interconnected systems, which are coordinated to respond to acute stressors, but are differentially activated during chronic unpredictable stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- José S de Andrade
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Av. Ana Costa 95, UNIFESP, 11060-001 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Milena B Viana
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Av. Ana Costa 95, UNIFESP, 11060-001 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata O Abrão
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Av. Ana Costa 95, UNIFESP, 11060-001 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Jackson C Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Chemical Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, USP, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Center of Neuroscience and Behavior, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, 1721, Bloco C, 05508-030, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabel C Céspedes
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Av. Ana Costa 95, UNIFESP, 11060-001 Santos, SP, Brazil.
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Lee B, Sur B, Yeom M, Shim I, Lee H, Hahm DH. Alpha-Asarone, a Major Component of Acorus gramineus, Attenuates Corticosterone-Induced Anxiety-Like Behaviours via Modulating TrkB Signaling Process. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 18:191-200. [PMID: 24976758 PMCID: PMC4071171 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.3.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the anxiolytic-like activity of α-asarone (AAS) from Acorus gramineus in an experimental rat model of anxiety induced by repeated administration of the exogenous stress hormone corticosterone (CORT). The putative anxiolytic effect of AAS was studied in behavioral tests of anxiety, such as the elevated plus maze (EPM) test and the hole-board test (HBT) in rats. For 21 consecutive days, male rats received 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg AAS (i.p.) 30 min prior to a daily injection of CORT. Dysregulation of the HPA axis in response to the repeated CORT injections was confirmed by measuring serum levels of CORT and the expression of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) in the hypothalamus. Daily AAS (200 mg/kg) administration increased open-arm exploration significantly in the EPM test, and it increased the duration of head dipping activity in the HBT. It also blocked the increase in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in the locus coeruleus (LC) and decreased mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor, TrkB, in the hippocampus. These results indicated that the administration of AAS prior to high-dose exogenous CORT significantly improved anxiety-like behaviors, which are associated with modification of the central noradrenergic system and with BDNF function in rats. The current finding may improve understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms responsible for changes in emotions induced by repeated administration of high doses of CORT or by elevated levels of hormones associated with chronic stress. Thus, AAS did exhibit an anxiolytic-like effects in animal models of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bombi Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Bongjun Sur
- The Graduate School of Basic Science of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Mijung Yeom
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Insop Shim
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea. ; The Graduate School of Basic Science of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Hyejung Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea. ; The Graduate School of Basic Science of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Hahm
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea. ; The Graduate School of Basic Science of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
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50
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Li H, Liang A, Guan F, Fan R, Chi L, Yang B. Regular treadmill running improves spatial learning and memory performance in young mice through increased hippocampal neurogenesis and decreased stress. Brain Res 2013; 1531:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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