1
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Moon DO. Exploring the Role of Surface and Mitochondrial ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels in Cancer: From Cellular Functions to Therapeutic Potentials. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2129. [PMID: 38396807 PMCID: PMC10888650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels are found in plasma membranes and mitochondria. These channels are a type of ion channel that is regulated by the intracellular concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and other nucleotides. In cell membranes, they play a crucial role in linking metabolic activity to electrical activity, especially in tissues like the heart and pancreas. In mitochondria, KATP channels are involved in protecting cells against ischemic damage and regulating mitochondrial function. This review delves into the role of KATP channels in cancer biology, underscoring their critical function. Notably responsive to changes in cellular metabolism, KATP channels link metabolic states to electrical activity, a feature that becomes particularly significant in cancer cells. These cells, characterized by uncontrolled growth, necessitate unique metabolic and signaling pathways, differing fundamentally from normal cells. Our review explores the intricate roles of KATP channels in influencing the metabolic and ionic balance within cancerous cells, detailing their structural and operational mechanisms. We highlight the channels' impact on cancer cell survival, proliferation, and the potential of KATP channels as therapeutic targets in oncology. This includes the challenges in targeting these channels due to their widespread presence in various tissues and the need for personalized treatment strategies. By integrating molecular biology, physiology, and pharmacology perspectives, the review aims to enhance the understanding of cancer as a complex metabolic disease and to open new research and treatment avenues by focusing on KATP channels. This comprehensive approach provides valuable insights into the potential of KATP channels in developing innovative cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Oh Moon
- Department of Biology Education, Daegu University, 201, Daegudae-ro, Gyeongsan-si 38453, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
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2
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Zhou Q, Chen D, Yu J, Zheng B, Zhou W, Jia Z, Zhang A, Gu W. A novel gain-of-function STAT3 variant in infantile-onset diabetes associated with multiorgan autoimmunity. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2024; 12:e2407. [PMID: 38404237 PMCID: PMC10895381 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline gain-of-function (GOF) variants in the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) gene lead to a rare inherited disorder characterized by early-onset multiorgan autoimmunity. METHODS We described a Chinese patient with infantile-onset diabetes and multiorgan autoimmunity. The patient presented with early-onset type 1 diabetes and autoimmune hypothyroidism at 7 months. During the 7.5-year follow-up, she developed pseudo-celiac enteropathy at 1 year of age and showed severe growth retardation. Whole-exome sequencing was performed and the novel variant was further assessed by in vitro functional assays. RESULTS Whole-exome sequencing revealed a novel variant (c.1069G>A, p.Glu357Lys) in the DNA-binding domain of STAT3. In vitro functional studies revealed that p.Glu357Lys was a GOF variant by increasing STAT3 transcriptional activity and phosphorylation. In addition, the STAT3 Glu357Lys variant caused dysregulation of insulin gene expression by enhancing transcriptional inhibition of the insulin gene enhancer binding protein factor 1 (ISL1). CONCLUSION In the current study, we describe clinical manifestations and identify a novel STAT3 GOF variant (c.1069G>A) in a Chinese patient. This activating variant impairs insulin expression by increasing transcriptional inhibition of its downstream transcription factor ISL1, which could be involved in the pathogenesis of early-onset diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Zhou
- Department of EndocrinologyChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Dandan Chen
- Department of Child HealthcareLianyungang Maternal and Children's HospitalLianyungangChina
| | - Jing Yu
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Bixia Zheng
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Wei Zhou
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of EndocrinologyChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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3
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Inada A, Yasunami Y, Yoshiki A, Nabeshima YI, Inada O. Greb1 Transiently Accelerates Pancreatic β-Cell Proliferation in Diabetic Mice Exposed to Estradiol. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1081-1100. [PMID: 37516458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Decrease of pancreatic β cells leads to diabetes. In an inducible cAMP early suppressor (ICER-Iγ) transgenic mouse model of severe type 2 diabetes with reduced insulin production and depleted β cells, supplementation with high concentrations of 17β-estradiol (E2) markedly enhances β-cell proliferation and normalizes glucose levels. The current study explored the underlying mechanisms leading to a dynamic increase of β cells and pathologic changes in diabetic mice exposed to E2. Gene expression profiling of pancreatic islets of 6-month-old ICER-transgenic mice recovering from diabetes due to elevated E2 levels identified growth regulation by estrogen in breast cancer 1 (Greb1) as a gene significantly up-regulated during the recovery phase. To substantiate this, β-cell-specific Greb1-deficient mice were generated, and Greb1 was shown to be essential for recovery of depleted β cells in diabetic mice. Graft growth and glucose lowering were observed in 50 islets with increased Greb1 expression transplanted adjacent to E2 pellets beneath the kidney capsule of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Greb1 expression due to a drastic increase in exogenous or endogenous E2 was transient and closely correlated with changes in E2-related and some cell cycle-related genes. These findings provide new insights into in vivo proliferation of deficient β cells and suggest the possibility of new therapeutic approaches targeting pancreatic β cells that could revolutionize the concept of diabetes treatment, which has been considered difficult to cure completely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akari Inada
- Clinical Research Department, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Japan; Diabetes and Genes, Advanced Medical Initiatives, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | | | - Atsushi Yoshiki
- Experimental Animal Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yo-Ichi Nabeshima
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Japan
| | - Oogi Inada
- Diabetes and Genes, Advanced Medical Initiatives, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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4
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Zhang X, Luo S, Wang M, Huang Q, Fang W, Li J, Liu T, Zhang Y, Deng Z, Liu CL, Guan S, Ayala JE, Flavell RA, Kulkarni RN, Libby P, Guo J, Liu Z, Shi GP. IL18 signaling causes islet β cell development and insulin secretion via different receptors on acinar and β cells. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1496-1511.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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5
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Geng L, Liao B, Jin L, Yu J, Zhao X, Zhao Y, Zhong L, Wang B, Li J, Liu J, Yang JK, Jia W, Lian Q, Xu A. β-Klotho promotes glycolysis and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion via GP130. Nat Metab 2022; 4:608-626. [PMID: 35551509 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00572-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) is a hallmark of type-2 diabetes. However, cellular signaling machineries that control GSIS remain incompletely understood. Here, we report that β-klotho (KLB), a single-pass transmembrane protein known as a co-receptor for fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), fine tunes GSIS via modulation of glycolysis in pancreatic β-cells independent of the actions of FGF21. β-cell-specific deletion of Klb but not Fgf21 deletion causes defective GSIS and glucose intolerance in mice and defective GSIS in islets of type-2 diabetic mice is mitigated by adenovirus-mediated restoration of KLB. Mechanistically, KLB interacts with and stabilizes the cytokine receptor subunit GP130 by blockage of ubiquitin-dependent lysosomal degradation, thereby facilitating interleukin-6-evoked STAT3-HIF1α signaling, which in turn transactivates a cluster of glycolytic genes for adenosine triphosphate production and GSIS. The defective glycolysis and GSIS in Klb-deficient islets are rescued by adenovirus-mediated replenishment of STAT3 or HIF1α. Thus, KLB functions as a key cell-surface regulator of GSIS by coupling the GP130 receptor signaling to glucose catabolism in β-cells and represents a promising therapeutic target for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiluo Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Cord Blood Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Eugenics and Perinatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Boya Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Leigang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiasui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuntao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ling Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Baile Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiufeng Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Cord Blood Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Eugenics and Perinatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Kui Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jia
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Qizhou Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Cord Blood Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Eugenics and Perinatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- HKUMed Laboratory of Cellular Therapeutics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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6
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Lien YC, Pinney SE, Lu XM, Simmons RA. Identification of Novel Regulatory Regions Induced by Intrauterine Growth Restriction in Rat Islets. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6459683. [PMID: 34894232 PMCID: PMC8743043 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) leads to the development of type 2 diabetes in adulthood, and the permanent alterations in gene expression implicate an epigenetic mechanism. Using a rat model of IUGR, we performed TrueSeq-HELP Tagging to assess the association of DNA methylation changes and gene dysregulation in islets. We identified 511 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and 4377 significantly altered single CpG sites. Integrating the methylome and our published transcriptome data sets resulted in the identification of pathways critical for islet function. The identified DMRs were enriched with transcription factor binding motifs, such as Elk1, Etv1, Foxa1, Foxa2, Pax7, Stat3, Hnf1, and AR. In silico analysis of 3-dimensional chromosomal interactions using human pancreas and islet Hi-C data sets identified interactions between 14 highly conserved DMRs and 35 genes with significant expression changes at an early age, many of which persisted in adult islets. In adult islets, there were far more interactions between DMRs and genes with significant expression changes identified with Hi-C, and most of them were critical to islet metabolism and insulin secretion. The methylome was integrated with our published genome-wide histone modification data sets from IUGR islets, resulting in further characterization of important regulatory regions of the genome altered by IUGR containing both significant changes in DNA methylation and specific histone marks. We identified novel regulatory regions in islets after exposure to IUGR, suggesting that epigenetic changes at key transcription factor binding motifs and other gene regulatory regions may contribute to gene dysregulation and an abnormal islet phenotype in IUGR rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chin Lien
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women’s Health, Perelman School of Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Sara E Pinney
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women’s Health, Perelman School of Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Division Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Xueqing Maggie Lu
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Rebecca A Simmons
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women’s Health, Perelman School of Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Correspondence: Rebecca A. Simmons, MD, Center for Research on Reproduction and Women’s Health, Perelman School of Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, BRB II/III, 13th Fl, Rm 1308, 421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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7
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Jha RM, Rani A, Desai SM, Raikwar S, Mihaljevic S, Munoz-Casabella A, Kochanek PM, Catapano J, Winkler E, Citerio G, Hemphill JC, Kimberly WT, Narayan R, Sahuquillo J, Sheth KN, Simard JM. Sulfonylurea Receptor 1 in Central Nervous System Injury: An Updated Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111899. [PMID: 34769328 PMCID: PMC8584331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) is a member of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) protein superfamily, encoded by Abcc8, and is recognized as a key mediator of central nervous system (CNS) cellular swelling via the transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) channel. Discovered approximately 20 years ago, this channel is normally absent in the CNS but is transcriptionally upregulated after CNS injury. A comprehensive review on the pathophysiology and role of SUR1 in the CNS was published in 2012. Since then, the breadth and depth of understanding of the involvement of this channel in secondary injury has undergone exponential growth: SUR1-TRPM4 inhibition has been shown to decrease cerebral edema and hemorrhage progression in multiple preclinical models as well as in early clinical studies across a range of CNS diseases including ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, cardiac arrest, subarachnoid hemorrhage, spinal cord injury, intracerebral hemorrhage, multiple sclerosis, encephalitis, neuromalignancies, pain, liver failure, status epilepticus, retinopathies and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. Given these substantial developments, combined with the timeliness of ongoing clinical trials of SUR1 inhibition, now, another decade later, we review advances pertaining to SUR1-TRPM4 pathobiology in this spectrum of CNS disease—providing an overview of the journey from patch-clamp experiments to phase III trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchira M. Jha
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (R.M.J.); (S.M.D.)
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (A.R.); (S.R.); (S.M.); (A.M.-C.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (J.C.); (E.W.)
| | - Anupama Rani
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (A.R.); (S.R.); (S.M.); (A.M.-C.)
| | - Shashvat M. Desai
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (R.M.J.); (S.M.D.)
| | - Sudhanshu Raikwar
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (A.R.); (S.R.); (S.M.); (A.M.-C.)
| | - Sandra Mihaljevic
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (A.R.); (S.R.); (S.M.); (A.M.-C.)
| | - Amanda Munoz-Casabella
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (A.R.); (S.R.); (S.M.); (A.M.-C.)
| | - Patrick M. Kochanek
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Joshua Catapano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (J.C.); (E.W.)
| | - Ethan Winkler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (J.C.); (E.W.)
| | - Giuseppe Citerio
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy;
- Neurointensive Care Unit, Department of Neuroscience, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST—Monza, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - J. Claude Hemphill
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - W. Taylor Kimberly
- Division of Neurocritical Care and Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Raj Narayan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY 11549, USA;
| | - Juan Sahuquillo
- Neurotrauma and Neurosurgery Research Unit (UNINN), Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kevin N. Sheth
- Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - J. Marc Simard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence:
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8
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Schaschkow A, Pang L, Vandenbempt V, Elvira B, Litwak SA, Vekeriotaite B, Maillard E, Vermeersch M, Paula FMM, Pinget M, Perez-Morga D, Gough DJ, Gurzov EN. STAT3 Regulates Mitochondrial Gene Expression in Pancreatic β-Cells and Its Deficiency Induces Glucose Intolerance in Obesity. Diabetes 2021; 70:2026-2041. [PMID: 34183374 DOI: 10.2337/db20-1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Most obese and insulin-resistant individuals do not develop diabetes. This is the result of the capacity of β-cells to adapt and produce enough insulin to cover the needs of the organism. The underlying mechanism of β-cell adaptation in obesity, however, remains unclear. Previous studies have suggested a role for STAT3 in mediating β-cell development and human glucose homeostasis, but little is known about STAT3 in β-cells in obesity. We observed enhanced cytoplasmic expression of STAT3 in severely obese subjects with diabetes. To address the functional role of STAT3 in adult β-cells, we generated mice with tamoxifen-inducible partial or full deletion of STAT3 in β-cells and fed them a high-fat diet before analysis. Interestingly, β-cell heterozygous and homozygous STAT3-deficient mice showed glucose intolerance when fed a high-fat diet. Gene expression analysis with RNA sequencing showed that reduced expression of mitochondrial genes in STAT3 knocked down human EndoC-β1H cells, confirmed in FACS-purified β-cells from obese STAT3-deficient mice. Moreover, silencing of STAT3 impaired mitochondria activity in EndoC-β1H cells and human islets, suggesting a mechanism for STAT3-modulated β-cell function. Our study postulates STAT3 as a novel regulator of β-cell function in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Schaschkow
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lokman Pang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Valerie Vandenbempt
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernat Elvira
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sara A Litwak
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Beata Vekeriotaite
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elisa Maillard
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabéte, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marjorie Vermeersch
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Flavia M M Paula
- ULB-Center for Diabetes Research, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel Pinget
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabéte, Strasbourg, France
| | - David Perez-Morga
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniel J Gough
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Science and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Esteban N Gurzov
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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9
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Warshauer JT, Belk JA, Chan AY, Wang J, Gupta AR, Shi Q, Skartsis N, Peng Y, Phipps JD, Acenas D, Smith JA, Tamaki SJ, Tang Q, Gardner JM, Satpathy AT, Anderson MS. A human mutation in STAT3 promotes type 1 diabetes through a defect in CD8+ T cell tolerance. J Exp Med 2021; 218:212280. [PMID: 34115115 PMCID: PMC8203485 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring cases of monogenic type 1 diabetes (T1D) help establish direct mechanisms driving this complex autoimmune disease. A recently identified de novo germline gain-of-function (GOF) mutation in the transcriptional regulator STAT3 was found to cause neonatal T1D. We engineered a novel knock-in mouse incorporating this highly diabetogenic human STAT3 mutation (K392R) and found that these mice recapitulated the human autoimmune diabetes phenotype. Paired single-cell TCR and RNA sequencing revealed that STAT3-GOF drives proliferation and clonal expansion of effector CD8+ cells that resist terminal exhaustion. Single-cell ATAC-seq showed that these effector T cells are epigenetically distinct and have differential chromatin architecture induced by STAT3-GOF. Analysis of islet TCR clonotypes revealed a CD8+ cell reacting against known antigen IGRP, and STAT3-GOF in an IGRP-reactive TCR transgenic model demonstrated that STAT3-GOF intrinsic to CD8+ cells is sufficient to accelerate diabetes onset. Altogether, these findings reveal a diabetogenic CD8+ T cell response that is restrained in the presence of normal STAT3 activity and drives diabetes pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy T. Warshauer
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Julia A. Belk
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Alice Y. Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jiaxi Wang
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Alexander R. Gupta
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Quanming Shi
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Nikolaos Skartsis
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Yani Peng
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jonah D. Phipps
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Dante Acenas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jennifer A. Smith
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Stanley J. Tamaki
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Qizhi Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - James M. Gardner
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Mark S. Anderson
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Correspondence to Mark S. Anderson:
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10
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Chong Y, Liu G, Girmay S, Jiang X. Novel mutations in the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 gene are associated with sheep body weight and fatness traits. Mamm Genome 2021; 32:38-49. [PMID: 33492461 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-020-09850-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) gene plays a crucial role in leptin-mediated energy metabolism, upon which the growth and development of animals depend. Nevertheless, no studies have reported the effects of STAT3 gene polymorphisms on body weight and fatness modulation in sheep. This study aimed to illustrate STAT3 mRNA expression across tissues and various developmental stages of sheep and to highlight the association of STAT3 gene polymorphisms with body weight and fat-related traits in sheep, in order to identify a genetic marker that may conceivably be of value for marker-assisted selection (MAS). This study revealed that STAT3 was differentially expressed across age and sex (p < 0.05), with higher expression in the ram liver. The abundant expression of STAT3 in the liver of male sheep and increased expression in the hypothalamus and longissimus dorsi muscle from birth to six months of age may indicate the vital role of the STAT3 gene in animal growth and development. Moreover, SNP association analysis also revealed that the novel SNPs of the STAT3 gene detected in this study showed a significant association with body weight and fatness traits (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the significant genetic effects of the STAT3 gene polymorphisms on sheep growth and development revealed that STAT3 could be a marker gene for the selection of growth-related traits in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Chong
- Laboratory of Small Ruminant Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guiqiong Liu
- Laboratory of Small Ruminant Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shishay Girmay
- Laboratory of Small Ruminant Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xunping Jiang
- Laboratory of Small Ruminant Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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11
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Gutiérrez M. Activating mutations of STAT3: Impact on human growth. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110979. [PMID: 32818584 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 is the most ubiquitous member of the STAT family and fulfills fundamental functions in immune and non-immune cells. Mutations in the STAT3 gene lead to different human diseases. Germline STAT3 activating or gain-of-function (GOF) mutations result in early-onset multiorgan autoimmunity, lymphoproliferation, recurrent infections and short stature. Since the first description of the disease, the clinical manifestations of STAT3 GOF mutations have expanded considerably. However, due to the complexity of immunological characteristics in patients carrying STAT3 GOF mutations, most of attention was focused on the immune alterations. This review summarizes current knowledge on STAT3 GOF mutations with special focus on the growth defects, since short stature is a predominant feature in this condition. Underlying mechanisms of STAT3 GOF disease are still poorly understood, and potential effects of STAT3 GOF mutations on the growth hormone signaling pathway are unclear. Functional studies of STAT3 GOF mutations and the broadening of clinical growth-related data in these patients are necessary to better delineate implications of STAT3 GOF mutations on growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Gutiérrez
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE) CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños R. Gutiérrez, Gallo 1360, Buenos Aires, CP1425EFD, Argentina.
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12
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Alquisiras-Burgos I, Ortiz-Plata A, Franco-Pérez J, Millán A, Aguilera P. Resveratrol reduces cerebral edema through inhibition of de novo SUR1 expression induced after focal ischemia. Exp Neurol 2020; 330:113353. [PMID: 32380020 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral edema is a clinical problem that frequently follows ischemic infarcts. Sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) is an inducible protein that can form a heteromultimeric complex with aquaporin 4 (AQP4) that mediate the ion/water transport involved in brain tissue swelling. Transcription of the Abcc8 gene coding for SUR1 depends on the activity of transcriptional factor SP1, which is modulated by the cellular redox environment. Since oxidative stress is implicated in the induced neuronal damage in ischemia and edema formation, the present study aimed to evaluate if the antioxidant resveratrol (RSV) prevents the damage by reducing the de novo expression of SUR1 in the ischemic brain. Male Wistar rats were subjected to 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by different times of reperfusion. RSV (1.9 mg/kg; i.v.) was administered at the onset of reperfusion. Brain damage and edema formation were recognized by neurological evaluation, time of survival, TTC (2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride) staining, Evans blue extravasation, and water content. RSV mechanism of action was studied by SP1 binding activity measured through the Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay, and Abcc8 and Aqp4 gene expression evaluated by qPCR, immunofluorescence, and Western blot. We found that RSV reduced the infarct area and cerebral edema, prevented blood-brain barrier damage, improved neurological performance, and increased survival. Additionally, our findings suggest that the antioxidant activity of RSV targeted SP transcription factors and inhibited SUR1 and AQP4 expression. Thus, RSV by decreasing SUR1 expression could contribute to reducing edema formation, constituting a therapeutic alternative for edema reduction in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Alquisiras-Burgos
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Insurgentes Sur #3877, CDMX 14269, México
| | - Alma Ortiz-Plata
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Insurgentes Sur #3877, CDMX 14269, México.
| | - Javier Franco-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Formación Reticular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Insurgentes Sur #3877, CDMX 14269, México.
| | - Alejandro Millán
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Lázaro Cárdenas s/n Ciudad Universitaria, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, 39070, México
| | - Penélope Aguilera
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Insurgentes Sur #3877, CDMX 14269, México.
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13
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Long MH, Zhang C, Xu DQ, Fu WL, Gan XD, Li F, Wang Q, Xia W, Xu DG. PM 2.5 aggravates diabetes via the systemically activated IL-6-mediated STAT3/SOCS3 pathway in rats' liver. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 256:113342. [PMID: 31676093 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 exposure aggravates type 2 diabetes, in which inflammatory factors play an important role. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanisms responsible for aggravating diabetes after PM2.5 exposure, and study the roles of inflammatory factors in insulin-resistant type 2 diabetes. Our study indicated that short-time PM2.5 exposure enhances insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats and significantly raises inflammatory factors, including IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1, in lungs. However, we found that of these inflammatory factors only IL-6 levels are elevated in blood, liver, adipose tissue, and macrophages, but not in skeletal muscle. IL-6 induced activation of the STAT3/SOCS3 pathway in liver, but not other downstream pathways including STAT1, ERK1/2, and PI3K. Both STAT3 inhibition and IL-6 neutralization effectively alleviated the disorders of glucose metabolism after PM2.5 exposure. Taken together, this suggests that the systemic increase in IL-6 may play an important role in the deterioration of the type 2 diabetes via IL-6/STAT3/SOCS3 pathway in liver after short-time exposure to PM2.5. Besides, we unexpectedly found a stronger resistance to the PM2.5 exposure-induced increase in IL-6 in skeleton muscle than those of many other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hui Long
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Beijing, 100850, PR China; The South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Beijing, 100850, PR China
| | - Dong-Qun Xu
- Institute of Products Related with Environment and Health, China Center for Diseases Control, Beijing, 100080, PR China
| | - Wen-Liang Fu
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Beijing, 100850, PR China
| | - Xiang-Dong Gan
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Beijing, 100850, PR China; The South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Beijing, 100850, PR China
| | - Qin Wang
- Institute of Products Related with Environment and Health, China Center for Diseases Control, Beijing, 100080, PR China
| | - Wenrong Xia
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Beijing, 100850, PR China
| | - Dong-Gang Xu
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Beijing, 100850, PR China.
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14
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Hwang HJ, Yang YR, Kim HY, Choi Y, Park KS, Lee H, Ma JS, Yamamoto M, Kim J, Chae YC, Choi JH, Cocco L, Berggren PO, Jang HJ, Suh PG. Phospholipase C‐β1 potentiates glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion. FASEB J 2019; 33:10668-10679. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802732rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Jeong Hwang
- School of Life SciencesUlsan National Institute of Science and TechnologyUlsanSouth Korea
| | - Yong Ryoul Yang
- Aging Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeonSouth Korea
| | - Hye Yun Kim
- School of Life SciencesUlsan National Institute of Science and TechnologyUlsanSouth Korea
| | - Yoonji Choi
- School of Life SciencesUlsan National Institute of Science and TechnologyUlsanSouth Korea
| | - Kyoung-Su Park
- School of Life SciencesUlsan National Institute of Science and TechnologyUlsanSouth Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Cancer Experimental Resources BranchNational Cancer CenterGoyang-siSouth Korea
| | - Ji Su Ma
- Department of ImmunoparasitologyResearch Institute for Microbial DiseasesOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Department of ImmunoparasitologyResearch Institute for Microbial DiseasesOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Jaeyoon Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryThe Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and EndocrinologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and BiotechnologyPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangSouth Korea
| | - Young Chan Chae
- School of Life SciencesUlsan National Institute of Science and TechnologyUlsanSouth Korea
| | - Jang Hyun Choi
- School of Life SciencesUlsan National Institute of Science and TechnologyUlsanSouth Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping CenterUlsan National Institute of Science and TechnologyUlsanSouth Korea
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Department of Biomedical SciencesSignalling LaboratoryUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryThe Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and EndocrinologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and BiotechnologyPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangSouth Korea
| | - Hyun-Jun Jang
- School of Life SciencesUlsan National Institute of Science and TechnologyUlsanSouth Korea
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- School of Life SciencesUlsan National Institute of Science and TechnologyUlsanSouth Korea
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15
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Wu S, Wang Y, Ning Y, Guo H, Wang X, Zhang L, Khan R, Cheng G, Wang H, Zan L. Genetic Variants in STAT3 Promoter Regions and Their Application in Molecular Breeding for Body Size Traits in Qinchuan Cattle. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041035. [PMID: 29596388 PMCID: PMC5979584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays a critical role in leptin-mediated regulation of energy metabolism. This study investigated genetic variation in STAT3 promoter regions and verified their contribution to bovine body size traits. We first estimated the degree of conservation in STAT3, followed by measurements of its mRNA expression during fetal and adult stages of Qinchuan cattle. We then sequenced the STAT3 promoter region to determine genetic variants and evaluate their association with body size traits. From fetus to adult, STAT3 expression increased significantly in muscle, fat, heart, liver, and spleen tissues (p < 0.01), but decreased in the intestine, lung, and rumen (p < 0.01). We identified and named five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): SNP1-304A>C, SNP2-285G>A, SNP3-209A>C, SNP4-203A>G, and SNP5-188T>C. These five mutations fell significantly outside the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) (Chi-squared test, p < 0.05) and significantly associated with body size traits (p < 0.05). Individuals with haplotype H3H3 (CC-GG-CC-GG-CC) were larger in body size than other haplotypes. Therefore, variations in the STAT3 gene promoter regions, most notably haplotype H3H3, may benefit marker-assisted breeding of Qinchuan cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yaning Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yue Ning
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Hongfang Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Le Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Rajwali Khan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Gong Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- National Beef Cattle Improvement Center of Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Hongbao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- National Beef Cattle Improvement Center of Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- National Beef Cattle Improvement Center of Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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16
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Dodington DW, Desai HR, Woo M. JAK/STAT - Emerging Players in Metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:55-65. [PMID: 29191719 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is crucial for transducing signals from a variety of metabolically relevant hormones and cytokines including growth hormone, leptin, erythropoietin, IL4, IL6 and IFNγ. A growing body of evidence suggests that this pathway is dysregulated in the context of obesity and metabolic disease. Recent development of animal models has been instrumental in identifying the role of JAK/STAT signaling in the peripheral metabolic organs including adipose, liver, muscle, pancreas, and the immune system. In this review we summarize current knowledge about the function of JAK/STAT proteins in the regulation of metabolism, and highlight new potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Dodington
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Harsh R Desai
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Minna Woo
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 1L7, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 2C4, Canada.
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17
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Swarnalatha NB, Roy N, Gouda MM, Moger R, Abraham A. High-fat, simple-carbohydrate diet intake induces hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis dysregulation in C57BL/6J male mice. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 43:371-380. [PMID: 29099999 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Given the association between subclinical hypothyroidism and metabolic syndrome, we wanted to explore if high-fat, simple-carbohydrate (HFSC) diet affects hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis. One-month-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed with control (C) and HFSC (T) feed (n = 18 each), respectively, for 5 months. There was a significant increase in triiodothyronine in the T group (13.5%) compared with the age-matched C group by the fifth month. Thyroid-stimulating hormone was significantly higher (1 month: 1.9-fold; 3 months: 2.66-fold; 5 months: 3.5-fold) from the first to fifth months in the T group compared with age-matched C group. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) gene expression showed significant decrease (1 month: 83.2%; 5 months: 40.7%) in the T group compared with the age-matched C group. TRHR1 showed significant decrease in the T group compared with the age-matched C group throughout the study (1 month: 82.8%; 3 months: 45.7%; 5 months: 75.2%). However, TRHR2 showed dynamic change during the study. Initially there was significant (1 month: 0.104-fold) downregulation, followed by significant upregulation (3 months: 3.6-fold) and downregulation (0.73-fold) by the fifth month in the T group compared with the age-matched C group. There was marked depletion of functional follicular cells and colloid substance in the thyroid glands of the T group by the fifth month compared with the C group. Leptin receptors ObRa (1 month: 48.25%; 5 months: 88%) and ObRb (1 month: 46.9%; 5 months: 63.3%) were significantly downregulated in the T group compared with the age-matched C group in the first and fifth months of feeding the respective diets. The expression of p-STAT3, a transcription factor known to have a role in energy balance, intermediate metabolism, and leptin signalling was seen to decrease significantly (6.25-fold) in the hypothalamus of the T group compared with the age-matched C group. In conclusion, HFSC feed disrupts the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis in male C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraj Banavara Swarnalatha
- a Father George Albuquerque Pai Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Postgraduate Studies and Research in Biotechnology, St Aloysius College (Autonomous), Mangaluru-575003, India.,b PG Department of Biochemistry, St Aloysius College (Autonomous), Mangaluru-575003, India
| | - Neena Roy
- a Father George Albuquerque Pai Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Postgraduate Studies and Research in Biotechnology, St Aloysius College (Autonomous), Mangaluru-575003, India
| | | | - Rajeish Moger
- d Department Fisheries Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Mangaluru-575002, India
| | - Asha Abraham
- a Father George Albuquerque Pai Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Postgraduate Studies and Research in Biotechnology, St Aloysius College (Autonomous), Mangaluru-575003, India
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18
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Xiao X, Fischbach S, Zhang T, Chen C, Sheng Q, Zimmerman R, Patnaik S, Fusco J, Ming Y, Guo P, Shiota C, Prasadan K, Gangopadhyay N, Husain SZ, Dong H, Gittes GK. SMAD3/Stat3 Signaling Mediates β-Cell Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Chronic Pancreatitis-Related Diabetes. Diabetes 2017; 66:2646-2658. [PMID: 28775125 PMCID: PMC5606322 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many patients with chronic pancreatitis develop diabetes (chronic pancreatitis-related diabetes [CPRD]) through an undetermined mechanism. Here we used long-term partial pancreatic duct ligation (PDL) as a model to study CPRD. We found that long-term PDL induced significant β-cell dedifferentiation, followed by a time-dependent decrease in functional β-cell mass-all specifically in the ligated tail portion of the pancreas (PDL-tail). High levels of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) were detected in the PDL-tail and were mainly produced by M2 macrophages at the early stage and by activated myofibroblasts at the later stage. Loss of β-cell mass was then found to result from TGFβ1-triggered epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by β-cells, rather than resulting directly from β-cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, TGFβ1-treated β-cells activated expression of the EMT regulator gene Snail in a SMAD3/Stat3-dependent manner. Moreover, forced expression of forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1), an antagonist for activated Stat3, specifically in β-cells ameliorated β-cell EMT and β-cell loss and prevented the onset of diabetes in mice undergoing PDL. Together, our data suggest that chronic pancreatitis may trigger TGFβ1-mediated β-cell EMT to lead to CPRD, which could substantially be prevented by sustained expression of FoxO1 in β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Xiao
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Shane Fischbach
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Tina Zhang
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Congde Chen
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Qingfeng Sheng
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ray Zimmerman
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sneha Patnaik
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Joseph Fusco
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Yungching Ming
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ping Guo
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Chiyo Shiota
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Krishna Prasadan
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nupur Gangopadhyay
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sohail Z Husain
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Henry Dong
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - George K Gittes
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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19
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Linnemann AK, Blumer J, Marasco MR, Battiola TJ, Umhoefer HM, Han JY, Lamming DW, Davis DB. Interleukin 6 protects pancreatic β cells from apoptosis by stimulation of autophagy. FASEB J 2017; 31:4140-4152. [PMID: 28592636 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700061rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine with complex roles in inflammation and metabolic disease. The role of IL-6 as a pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokine is still unclear. Within the pancreatic islet, IL-6 stimulates secretion of the prosurvival incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) by α cells and acts directly on β cells to stimulate insulin secretion in vitro Uncovering physiologic mechanisms promoting β-cell survival under conditions of inflammation and stress can identify important pathways for diabetes prevention and treatment. Given the established role of GLP-1 in promoting β-cell survival, we hypothesized that IL-6 may also directly protect β cells from apoptosis. Herein, we show that IL-6 robustly activates signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a transcription factor that is involved in autophagy. IL-6 stimulates LC3 conversion and autophagosome formation in cultured β cells. In vivo IL-6 infusion stimulates a robust increase in lysosomes in the pancreas that is restricted to the islet. Autophagy is critical for β-cell homeostasis, particularly under conditions of stress and increased insulin demand. The stimulation of autophagy by IL-6 is regulated via multiple complementary mechanisms including inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and activation of Akt, ultimately leading to increases in autophagy enzyme production. Pretreatment with IL-6 renders β cells resistant to apoptosis induced by proinflammatory cytokines, and inhibition of autophagy with chloroquine prevents the ability of IL-6 to protect from apoptosis. Importantly, we find that IL-6 can activate STAT3 and the autophagy enzyme GABARAPL1 in human islets. We also see evidence of decreased IL-6 pathway signaling in islets from donors with type 2 diabetes. On the basis of our results, we propose direct stimulation of autophagy as a novel mechanism for IL-6-mediated protection of β cells from stress-induced apoptosis.-Linnemann, A. K., Blumer, J., Marasco, M. R., Battiola, T. J., Umhoefer, H. M., Han, J. Y., Lamming, D. W., Davis, D. B. Interleukin 6 protects pancreatic β cells from apoptosis by stimulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia K Linnemann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; .,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; and
| | - Joseph Blumer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michelle R Marasco
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; and
| | - Therese J Battiola
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Heidi M Umhoefer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jee Young Han
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Dudley W Lamming
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Dawn Belt Davis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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20
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Velayos T, Martínez R, Alonso M, Garcia-Etxebarria K, Aguayo A, Camarero C, Urrutia I, Martínez de LaPiscina I, Barrio R, Santin I, Castaño L. An Activating Mutation in STAT3 Results in Neonatal Diabetes Through Reduced Insulin Synthesis. Diabetes 2017; 66:1022-1029. [PMID: 28073828 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a rare form of diabetes diagnosed within the first 6 months of life. Genetic studies have allowed the identification of several genes linked to the development of NDM; however, genetic causes for ∼20% of the cases remain to be clarified. Most cases of NDM involve isolated diabetes, but sometimes NDM appears in association with other pathological conditions, including autoimmune diseases. Recent reports have linked activating mutations in STAT3 with early-onset autoimmune disorders that include diabetes of autoimmune origin, but the functional impact of STAT3-activating mutations have not been characterized at the pancreatic β-cell level. By using whole-exome sequencing, we identified a novel missense mutation in the binding domain of the STAT3 protein in a patient with NDM. The functional analyses showed that the mutation results in an aberrant activation of STAT3, leading to deleterious downstream effects in pancreatic β-cells. The identified mutation leads to hyperinhibition of the transcription factor Isl-1 and, consequently, to a decrease in insulin expression. These findings represent the first functional indication of a direct link between an NDM-linked activating mutation in STAT3 and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Velayos
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Group, Hospital Universitario Cruces, BioCruces Health Research Institute, CIBERDEM, CIBERER, UPV-EHU, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Rosa Martínez
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Group, Hospital Universitario Cruces, BioCruces Health Research Institute, CIBERDEM, CIBERER, UPV-EHU, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Milagros Alonso
- Pediatrics Endocrinology, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Koldo Garcia-Etxebarria
- Immunogenetics Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, BioCruces Health Research Institute, UPV-EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Anibal Aguayo
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Group, Hospital Universitario Cruces, BioCruces Health Research Institute, CIBERDEM, CIBERER, UPV-EHU, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Cristina Camarero
- Pediatrics Endocrinology, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Urrutia
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Group, Hospital Universitario Cruces, BioCruces Health Research Institute, CIBERDEM, CIBERER, UPV-EHU, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Idoia Martínez de LaPiscina
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Group, Hospital Universitario Cruces, BioCruces Health Research Institute, CIBERDEM, CIBERER, UPV-EHU, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Raquel Barrio
- Pediatrics Endocrinology, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Izortze Santin
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Group, Hospital Universitario Cruces, BioCruces Health Research Institute, CIBERDEM, CIBERER, UPV-EHU, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Luis Castaño
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Group, Hospital Universitario Cruces, BioCruces Health Research Institute, CIBERDEM, CIBERER, UPV-EHU, Barakaldo, Spain
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21
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An Activating STAT3 Mutation Causes Neonatal Diabetes through Premature Induction of Pancreatic Differentiation. Cell Rep 2017; 19:281-294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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22
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Inada A, Inada O, Fujii NL, Nagafuchi S, Katsuta H, Yasunami Y, Matsubara T, Arai H, Fukatsu A, Nabeshima YI. Adjusting the 17β-Estradiol-to-Androgen Ratio Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27:3035-3050. [PMID: 26940099 PMCID: PMC5042662 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015070741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is manifested predominantly in males in experimental models, and compelling evidence suggests that 17β-estradiol (E2) supplementation improves hyperglycemia in humans. We previously generated a severely diabetic transgenic (Tg) mouse model by β-cell–specific overexpression of inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) and found that male but not female ICER-Tg mice exhibit sustained hyperglycemia and develop major clinical and pathologic features of human diabetic nephropathy (DN). Thus, we hypothesized that differences in circulating hormone levels have a key role in determining susceptibility to diabetes. Here, we examined whether DN in male ICER-Tg mice is rescued by adjusting the androgen-to-E2 ratio to approximate that in normoglycemic female ICER-Tg mice. We treated hyperglycemic male ICER-Tg mice with orchiectomy (ORX), E2 pellet implantation, or both. E2 pellet implantation at an early stage of DN with or without ORX caused a rapid drop in blood glucose and a dramatic increase in β-cell number, and it markedly inhibited DN progression [namely, E2 reduced glomerulosclerosis, collagen 4 deposition and albuminuria, and prevented hyperfiltration]. Furthermore, E2 pellet implantation was more effective than ORX alone and induced a remarkable improvement, even when initiated at advanced-stage DN. In contrast, induction of normoglycemia by islet transplant in ICER-Tg mice eliminated albuminuria but was less effective than E2 + ORX in reducing glomerulosclerosis, collagen 4 deposition, and hyperfiltration. These findings indicate that E2 treatment is effective, even after establishment of DN, whereas glucose normalization alone does not improve sclerotic lesions. We propose that E2 intervention is a potential therapeutic option for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akari Inada
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan;
| | - Oogi Inada
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan; Diabetes and Genes, Advanced Medical Initiatives and
| | - Nobuharu L Fujii
- Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiho Nagafuchi
- Department of Medical Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Katsuta
- Department of Medical Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Matsubara
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidenori Arai
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan; and
| | | | - Yo-Ichi Nabeshima
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan
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23
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STAT3 modulates β-cell cycling in injured mouse pancreas and protects against DNA damage. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2272. [PMID: 27336716 PMCID: PMC5143397 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Partial pancreatic duct ligation (PDL) of mouse pancreas induces a doubling of the β-cell mass mainly through proliferation of pre-existing and newly formed β-cells. The molecular mechanism governing this process is still largely unknown. Given the inflammatory nature of PDL and inflammation-induced signaling via the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), the activation and the role of STAT3 in PDL-induced β-cell proliferation were investigated. Duct ligation stimulates the expression of several cytokines that can act as ligands inducing STAT3 signaling and phosphorylation in β-cells. β-Cell cycling increased by conditional β-cell-specific Stat3 knockout and decreased by STAT3 activation through administration of interleukin-6. In addition, the level of DNA damage in β-cells of PDL pancreas increased after deletion of Stat3. These data indicate a role for STAT3 in maintaining a steady state in the β-cell, by modulating its cell cycle and protection from DNA damage.
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24
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Gurzov EN, Stanley WJ, Pappas EG, Thomas HE, Gough DJ. The JAK/STAT pathway in obesity and diabetes. FEBS J 2016; 283:3002-15. [PMID: 26972840 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus are complex, multi-organ metabolic pathologies characterized by hyperglycemia. Emerging evidence shows that the highly conserved and potent JAK/STAT signaling pathway is required for normal homeostasis, and, when dysregulated, contributes to the development of obesity and diabetes. In this review, we analyze the role of JAK/STAT activation in the brain, liver, muscle, fat and pancreas, and how this affects the course of the disease. We also consider the therapeutic implications of targeting the JAK/STAT pathway in treatment of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban N Gurzov
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - William J Stanley
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Evan G Pappas
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Helen E Thomas
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Daniel J Gough
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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25
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Prause M, Berchtold LA, Urizar AI, Hyldgaard Trauelsen M, Billestrup N, Mandrup-Poulsen T, Størling J. TRAF2 mediates JNK and STAT3 activation in response to IL-1β and IFNγ and facilitates apoptotic death of insulin-producing β-cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 420:24-36. [PMID: 26610752 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interferon-γ (IFNγ) contribute to type 1 diabetes (T1D) by inducing β-cell death. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor (TRAF) proteins are adaptors that transduce signaling from a variety of membrane receptors including cytokine receptors. We show here that IL-1β and IFNγ upregulate the expression of TRAF2 in insulin-producing INS-1E cells and isolated rat pancreatic islets. siRNA-mediated knockdown (KD) of TRAF2 in INS-1E cells reduced IL-1β-induced phosphorylation of JNK1/2, but not of p38 or ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinases. TRAF2 KD did not modulate NFκB activation by cytokines, but reduced cytokine-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) promotor activity and expression. We further observed that IFNγ-stimulated phosphorylation of STAT3 required TRAF2. KD of TRAF2 or STAT3 reduced cytokine-induced caspase 3/7 activation, but, intriguingly, potentiated cytokine-mediated loss of plasma membrane integrity and augmented the number of propidium iodide-positive cells. Finally, we found that TRAF2 KD increased cytokine-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In summary, our data suggest that TRAF2 is an important mediator of IL-1β and IFNγ signaling in pancreatic β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michala Prause
- Immunoendocrinology Laboratory, Endocrinology Research Section, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Cellular and Metabolic Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lukas Adrian Berchtold
- Section of Cellular and Metabolic Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adriana Ibarra Urizar
- Section of Cellular and Metabolic Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Hyldgaard Trauelsen
- Beta-Cell Biology Group, Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center, Department of Paediatrics E, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Nils Billestrup
- Section of Cellular and Metabolic Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen
- Immunoendocrinology Laboratory, Endocrinology Research Section, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joachim Størling
- Beta-Cell Biology Group, Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center, Department of Paediatrics E, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark.
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26
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Xi Y, Liu S, Bettaieb A, Matsuo K, Matsuo I, Hosein E, Chahed S, Wiede F, Zhang S, Zhang ZY, Kulkarni RN, Tiganis T, Haj FG. Pancreatic T cell protein-tyrosine phosphatase deficiency affects beta cell function in mice. Diabetologia 2015; 58:122-31. [PMID: 25338551 PMCID: PMC4258175 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3413-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP, encoded by PTPN2) regulates cytokine-induced pancreatic beta cell apoptosis and may contribute to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. However, the role of TCPTP in pancreatic endocrine function and insulin secretion remains largely unknown. METHODS To investigate the endocrine role of pancreatic TCPTP we generated mice with pancreas Ptpn2/TCPTP deletion (panc-TCPTP KO). RESULTS When fed regular chow, panc-TCPTP KO and control mice exhibited comparable glucose tolerance. However, when challenged with prolonged high fat feeding panc-TCPTP KO mice exhibited impaired glucose tolerance and attenuated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). The defect in GSIS was recapitulated in primary islets ex vivo and after TCPTP pharmacological inhibition or lentiviral-mediated TCPTP knockdown in the glucose-responsive MIN6 beta cells, consistent with this being cell autonomous. Reconstitution of TCPTP in knockdown cells reversed the defect in GSIS demonstrating that the defect was a direct consequence of TCPTP deficiency. The reduced insulin secretion in TCPTP knockdown MIN6 beta cells was associated with decreased insulin content and glucose sensing. Furthermore, TCPTP deficiency led to enhanced tyrosyl phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 and 3 (STAT 1/3), and substrate trapping studies in MIN6 beta cells identified STAT 1/3 as TCPTP substrates. STAT3 pharmacological inhibition and small interfering RNA-mediated STAT3 knockdown in TCPTP deficient cells restored GSIS to control levels, indicating that the effects of TCPTP deficiency were mediated, at least in part, through enhanced STAT3 phosphorylation and signalling. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These studies identify a novel role for TCPTP in insulin secretion and uncover STAT3 as a physiologically relevant target for TCPTP in the endocrine pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Xi
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Siming Liu
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ahmed Bettaieb
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kosuke Matsuo
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Izumi Matsuo
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ellen Hosein
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Samah Chahed
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Florian Wiede
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tony Tiganis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Fawaz G. Haj
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA. Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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27
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Xuezhikang attenuated the functional and morphological impairment of pancreatic islets in diabetic mice via the inhibition of oxidative stress. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2014; 63:282-9. [PMID: 24609055 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Xuezhikang, purified from red yeast rice, is a traditional Chinese medicine with pleiotropic effects on the cardiovascular system. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the dysfunction of pancreas islet in diabetic condition and represents a promising therapeutical target for diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the effects and possible mechanisms of xuezhikang on the microenvironment and insulin secretion by pancreatic islets in db/db diabetic mice. Our results showed that xuezhikang decreased the blood glucose level by improving glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in db/db mice. Xuezhikang protected islets from hyperglycemic injury as illustrated by the conserved β-cell content and microenvironment. Furthermore, xuezhikang potently inhibited the expression of key factors in oxidative stress. In addition, administration of xuezhikang caused an upregulated expression of glucose-sensing apparatus. These observations provide evidence that the influence of xuezhikang on oxidative stress may at least partly account for its protective effects on the microenvironment and insulin secretion function of pancreatic islets in diabetes.
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28
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Hasegawa Y, Daitoku Y, Mizuno S, Tanimoto Y, Mizuno-Iijima S, Matsuo M, Kajiwara N, Ema M, Oishi H, Miwa Y, Mekada K, Yoshiki A, Takahashi S, Sugiyama F, Yagami KI. Generation and characterization of Ins1-cre-driver C57BL/6N for exclusive pancreatic beta cell-specific Cre-loxP recombination. Exp Anim 2014; 63:183-91. [PMID: 24770644 PMCID: PMC4160984 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.63.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cre/loxP system-mediated site-specific recombination is utilized to study gene function
in vivo. Successful conditional knockout of genes of interest is
dependent on the availability of Cre-driver mice. We produced and characterized pancreatic
β cell-specific Cre-driver mice for use in diabetes mellitus research. The gene encoding
Cre was inserted into the second exon of mouse Ins1 in a bacterial
artificial chromosome (BAC). Five founder mice were produced by microinjection of
linearized BAC Ins1-cre. The transgene was integrated between
Mafa and the telomere on chromosome 15 in one of the founders, BAC
Ins1-cre25. To investigate Cre-loxP recombination, BAC Ins1-cre25 males were crossed with
two different Cre-reporters, R26R and R26GRR females. On gross observation, reporter
signal after Cre-loxP recombination was detected exclusively in the adult pancreatic
islets in both F1 mice. Immunohistological analysis indicated that Cre-loxP
recombination-mediated reporter signal was colocalized with insulin in pancreatic islet
cells of both F1 mice, but not with glucagon. Moreover, Cre-loxP recombination
signal was already observed in the pancreatic islets at E13.5 in both F1
fetuses. Finally, we investigated ectopic Cre-loxP recombination for
Ins1, because the ortholog Ins2 is also expressed in the
brain, in addition to the pancreas. However, there was no Cre-loxP recombination-mediated
reporter signal in the brain of both F1 mice. Our data suggest that BAC
Ins1-cre25 mice are a useful Cre-driver C57BL/6N for pancreatic β cell-specific Cre-loxP
recombination, except for crossing with knock-in mice carrying floxed gene on chromosome
15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Hasegawa
- Laborarory Animal Resource Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
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29
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Marković J, Uskoković A, Grdović N, Dinić S, Mihailović M, Jovanović JA, Poznanović G, Vidaković M. Identification of transcription factors involved in the transcriptional regulation of the CXCL12 gene in rat pancreatic insulinoma Rin-5F cell line. Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 93:54-62. [PMID: 25453873 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2014-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is characterized by a deficit in the number of functional pancreatic β-cells. Understanding the mechanisms that stimulate neogenesis of β-cells should contribute to improved maintenance of β-cell mass. Chemokine CXCL12 has recently become established as a novel β-cell growth factor, however the mechanisms controlling its expression require clarification. We investigated the proteins involved in the transcriptional regulation of the rat β-cell CXCL12 gene (Cxcl12). Using the electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we established the in vitro and in vivo binding of C/EBPβ, C/EBPα, STAT3, p53, FOXO3a, and HMG I/Y to the Cxcl12 promoter. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed protein-protein interactions between YY1 and PARP-1, FOXO3a and PARP-1, Sp1 and PARP-1, p53 and PARP-1, C/EBPβ and PARP-1, YY1 and p53, YY1 and FOXO3a, p53 and FOXO3a, Sp1 and FOXO3a, C/EBPβ and FOXO3a, C/EBPα and FOXO3a, Sp1 and STAT3. Our data lay the foundation for research into the interplay of signaling pathways that determine the β-cell Cxcl12 expression profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Marković
- a Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 10060 Belgrade, Serbia
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30
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Ma Z, Wang G, Chen X, Ou Z, Zou F. Association of STAT3 common variations with obesity and hypertriglyceridemia: protective and contributive effects. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:12258-69. [PMID: 25014397 PMCID: PMC4139842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150712258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays an important role in energy metabolism. Here we explore whether STAT3 common variations influence risks of obesity and other metabolic disorders in a Chinese Han population. Two tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs), rs1053005 and rs957970, were used to capture the common variations of STAT3. Relationships between genotypes and obesity, body mass index, plasma triglyceride and other metabolic diseases related parameters were analyzed for association study in 1742 subjects. Generalized linear model and logistic regression model were used for quantitative data analysis and case-control study, respectively. rs1053005 was significantly associated with body mass index and waist circumference (p = 0.013 and p = 0.02, respectively). rs957970 was significantly associated with plasma level of triglyceride (p = 0.007). GG genotype at rs1053005 had lower risks of both general obesity and central obesity (OR = 0.40, p = 0.034; OR = 0.42, p = 0.007, respectively) compared with AA genotype. CT genotype at rs957970 had a higher risk of hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 1.43, p = 0.015) compared with TT genotype. Neither of the two SNPs was associated with othermetabolic diseases related parameters. Our observations indicated that common variations of STAT3 could significantly affect the risk of obesity and hypertriglyceridemia in Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuliang Ma
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Guanghai Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Zejin Ou
- Health Management Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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31
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Hutchins AP, Diez D, Miranda-Saavedra D. The IL-10/STAT3-mediated anti-inflammatory response: recent developments and future challenges. Brief Funct Genomics 2013; 12:489-98. [PMID: 23943603 PMCID: PMC3838198 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elt028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a fundamental response of the immune system whose successful termination involves the elimination of the invading pathogens, the resolution of inflammation and the repair of the local damaged tissue. In this context, the interleukin 10 (IL-10)-mediated anti-inflammatory response (AIR) represents an essential homeostatic mechanism that controls the degree and duration of inflammation. Here, we review recent work on the mechanistic characterization of the IL-10-mediated AIR on multiple levels: from the cataloguing of the in vivo genomic targets of STAT3 (the transcription factor downstream of IL-10) to the identification of specific co-factors that endow STAT3 with genomic-binding specificity, and how genomic and computational methods are being used to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of this essential physiological response in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Hutchins
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Laboratory, World Premier International (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871 Osaka, Japan. Tel.: +81 6 6879 4269; Fax: +81 6 6879 4272;
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Kostromina E, Wang X, Han W. Altered islet morphology but normal islet secretory function in vitro in a mouse model with microvascular alterations in the pancreas. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71277. [PMID: 23923060 PMCID: PMC3726616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous studies have shown that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling is important for the development of pancreatic microvasculature via its regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A). Pancreas-specific STAT3-KO mice exhibit glucose intolerance and impaired insulin secretion in vivo, along with microvascular alterations in the pancreas. However, the specific role of STAT3 signaling in the regulation of pancreatic islet development and function is not entirely understood. Methodology/Principal Findings To investigate the role of STAT3 signaling in the formation and maintenance of pancreatic islets, we studied pancreas-specific STAT3-KO mice. Histological analysis showed that STAT3 deficiency affected pancreatic islet morphology. We found an increased proportion of small-sized islets and a reduced fraction of medium-sized islets, indicating abnormal islet development in STAT3-KO mice. Interestingly, the islet area relative to the whole pancreas area in transgenic and control mice was not significantly different. Immunohistochemical analysis on pancreatic cryosections revealed abnormalities in islet architecture in STAT3-KO mice: the pattern of peripheral distribution of glucagon-positive α-cells was altered. At the same time, islets belonging to different size categories isolated from STAT3-KO mice exhibited normal glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in perifusion experiments in vitro when compared to control mice. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that STAT3 signaling in the pancreas is required for normal islet formation and/or maintenance. Altered islet size distribution in the KO mice does not result in an impaired islet secretory function in vitro. Therefore, our current study supports that the glucose intolerance and in vivo insulin secretion defect in pancreas-specific STAT3-KO mice is due to altered microvasculature in the pancreas, and not intrinsic beta-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kostromina
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaorui Wang
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Weiping Han
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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Hutchins AP, Diez D, Miranda-Saavedra D. Genomic and computational approaches to dissect the mechanisms of STAT3's universal and cell type-specific functions. JAKSTAT 2013; 2:e25097. [PMID: 24416643 PMCID: PMC3876425 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.25097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
STAT3 is the quintessential pleiotropic transcription factor with many biological roles throughout development as well as in multiple adult tissues. Its functional heterogeneity is encoded in the range of genome-wide binding patterns that specify different regulatory networks in distinct cell types. However, STAT3 does not display remarkable DNA binding preferences that may help correlate specific motifs with individual biological functions or cell types. Therefore, achieving a detailed understanding of the regulatory mechanisms that endow STAT3 (or any other pleiotropic transcription factor) with such a rainbow of functions is not only a central problem in biology but also a fiendishly difficult one. Here we describe key genomic and computational approaches that have shed light into this question, and present the two current models of STAT3 binding (universal and cell type-specific). We also discuss the role that the local epigenetic environment plays in the selection of STAT3 binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Paul Hutchins
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Laboratory; World Premier International (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC); Osaka University; Suita, Osaka Japan
| | - Diego Diez
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Laboratory; World Premier International (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC); Osaka University; Suita, Osaka Japan
| | - Diego Miranda-Saavedra
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Laboratory; World Premier International (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC); Osaka University; Suita, Osaka Japan
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Simard JM, Woo SK, Schwartzbauer GT, Gerzanich V. Sulfonylurea receptor 1 in central nervous system injury: a focused review. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2012; 32:1699-717. [PMID: 22714048 PMCID: PMC3434627 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2012.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The sulfonylurea receptor 1 (Sur1)-regulated NC(Ca-ATP) channel is a nonselective cation channel that is regulated by intracellular calcium and adenosine triphosphate. The channel is not constitutively expressed, but is transcriptionally upregulated de novo in all cells of the neurovascular unit, in many forms of central nervous system (CNS) injury, including cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury (TBI), spinal cord injury (SCI), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The channel is linked to microvascular dysfunction that manifests as edema formation and delayed secondary hemorrhage. Also implicated in oncotic cell swelling and oncotic (necrotic) cell death, the channel is a major molecular mechanism of 'accidental necrotic cell death' in the CNS. In animal models of SCI, pharmacological inhibition of Sur1 by glibenclamide, as well as gene suppression of Abcc8, prevents delayed capillary fragmentation and tissue necrosis. In models of stroke and TBI, glibenclamide ameliorates edema, secondary hemorrhage, and tissue damage. In a model of SAH, glibenclamide attenuates the inflammatory response due to extravasated blood. Clinical trials of an intravenous formulation of glibenclamide in TBI and stroke underscore the importance of recent advances in understanding the role of the Sur1-regulated NC(Ca-ATP) channel in acute ischemic, traumatic, and inflammatory injury to the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marc Simard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201-1595, USA.
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Sequential activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 and specificity protein 1 is required for hypoxia-induced transcriptional stimulation of Abcc8. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2012; 32:525-36. [PMID: 22086197 PMCID: PMC3293117 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2011.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia causes increased transcription of sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1), which forms SUR1-regulated NC(Ca-ATP) channels linked to cerebral edema. We tested the hypothesis that hypoxia is an initial signal that stimulates transcription of Abcc8, the gene encoding SUR1, via activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1). In the brain microvascular endothelial cells, hypoxia increased SUR1 abundance and expression of functional SUR1-regulated NC(Ca-ATP) channels. Luciferase reporter activity driven by the Abcc8 promoter was increased by hypoxia and by coexpression of HIF1α. Surprisingly, a series of luciferase reporter assays studying the Abcc8 promoter revealed that binding sites for specificity protein 1 (Sp1), but not for HIF, were required for stimulation of Abcc8 transcription by HIF1α. Luciferase reporter assays studying Sp1 promoters of three species, and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis in rats after cerebral ischemia, indicated that HIF binds to HIF-binding sites on the Sp1 promoter to stimulate transcription of the Sp1 gene. We conclude that sequential activation of two transcription factors, HIF and Sp1, is required to stimulate transcription of Abcc8 following cerebral ischemia. Sequential gene activation in cerebral ischemia provides a plausible molecular explanation for the prolonged treatment window observed for inhibition of the end-target gene product, SUR1, by glibenclamide.
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Endocrine pancreas development: effects of metabolic and intergenerational programming caused by a protein-restricted diet. Pancreas 2012; 41:1-9. [PMID: 22173830 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0b013e3182236320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies have demonstrated an association between low birth weight and the later development of type 2 diabetes. This association could be a result of the programming process that affects pancreatic beta-cell development due to poor fetal nutrition. This mechanism may not be limited to the first generation. In rodents, endocrine cells of the pancreas are derived from cells of the endodermal dorsal and ventral anlage that migrate and gather in clusters in a process termed isletogenesis. Islet development occurs relatively late in gestation, and islets undergo substantial remodeling immediately after birth under the regulation of a transcription factor network. Furthermore, the offspring of mice fed a protein-restricted diet exhibit a reduced pancreatic beta-cell mass at birth, lower vascularization, increased apoptosis rate, and changes in glucose metabolism in later life. Although the mechanisms underlying these relationships are unclear, it has been hypothesized that in utero nutritional conditions affect epigenetic patterns of gene transcription that persist throughout life and subsequent generations. We aimed to review the process of the formation of the endocrine pancreas in rodents, the consequences of a protein-restricted diet on offspring, and the transgenerational effects of this insult on the incidence of type 2 diabetes.
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Lu B, Wu H, Gu P, Du H, Shao J, Wang J, Zou D. Improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by intra-islet inhibition of protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B expression in rats fed a high-fat diet. J Endocrinol Invest 2012; 35:63-70. [PMID: 21646858 DOI: 10.3275/7766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance of pancreatic β-cell itself may be a potential link between systemic insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion in Type 2 diabetes. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) dephosphorylates tyrosine residues in insulin receptors (IR) and IR substrate (IRS) proteins, and thereby inhibits insulin signaling. Thus the impact of PTP1B expression on β-cell insulin pathway may affect insulin secretory function. AIM The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of intra-islet inhibition of PTP1B expression on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and potential mechanisms in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty 10-week-old Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a regular diet (RD) or a HFD for 8 weeks. At the end of the 8th week, fasting glucose, fasting insulin concentration and lipid profile were measured and an oral glucose tolerance test was done after 12-h fast. Then islet isolation was performed for static incubation and perifusion. Recombinant adenoviruses containing siPTP1B (Ad-siPTP1B), or siControl (Ad-siControl) sequences were constructed using AdEasy™ system. Islets were transfected and then assigned to the Ad-siPTP1B group, the Ad-siControl group, and mock control group. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blot were used to evaluate the expression level of PTP1B. Western blot of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT-2) and glucokinsase were also done to investigate the β-cell glucose-sensing apparatus. Islets were incubated with Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate containing 2.8 mmol/l glucose then 16.7 mmol/l glucose to evaluate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Islet perifusion was also performed to evaluate kinetics of insulin release in vitro. RESULTS HFD rats manifested modest glucose intolerance compared with RD group. And PTP1B expression in isolated islets of rats in the HFD group was higher than that of the RD group. GSIS was impaired in islets of HFD rats (2.3±0.5-fold as basal for HFD vs 8.1±1.3-fold for RD; p<0.05). Ad-siPTP1B treatment resulted in 73% decrease in PTP1B mRNA levels and 61% decrease in PTP1B protein compared with islets treated with Ad-siControl (p<0.05). Simultaneously, PTP1B inhibition resulted in 4.7±0.8-fold increase of GSIS from basal (vs 1.9±0.1-fold for Ad-siControl, p<0.05). Perifusion showed notable improvement of first-phase insulin secretion by AdsiPTP1B treatment. Significant decrease of both GLUT-2 (by 49.8%) and glucokinase (GCK, by 43.7%) were found in the HFD group when compared with the RD group, while up-regulation of both GLUT-2 (by 98%) and GCK (by 62%) was achieved after PTP1B inhibiton by Ad-siPTP1B. CONCLUSIONS Intra-islet PTP1B is an important physiological regulator of glucose-induced insulin release and the characteristics of PTP1B inhibitors in insulin secretion could make it a potential novel therapeutics for protection of β-cell secretory function in Type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Nanjing, China
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Lombardo MF, De Angelis F, Bova L, Bartolini B, Bertuzzi F, Nano R, Capuani B, Lauro R, Federici M, Lauro D, Donadel G. Human placental lactogen (hPL-A) activates signaling pathways linked to cell survival and improves insulin secretion in human pancreatic islets. Islets 2011; 3:250-8. [PMID: 21765243 PMCID: PMC3219159 DOI: 10.4161/isl.3.5.16900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for factors either promoting islets proliferation or survival during adult life is a major issue for both type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. Among factors with mitogenic activity on pancreatic β-cells, human placental lactogen (hPL) showed stronger activity when compared to the other lactogen hormones: growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL). The aim of the present work is to elucidate the biological and molecular events of hPL isoform A (hPL-A) activity on human cultured islets. We used pure human pancreatic islets and insulinoma cell lines (βTC-1 and RIN, murine and rat respectively) stimulated with hPL-A recombinant protein and we compared hPL-A activity with that of hGH. We showed that hPL-A inhibits apoptosis, both in insulinoma and human islets, by the phosphorylation of AKT protein. Indeed, the antiapoptotic role of hPL-A was mediated by PI3K, p38 and it was independent by PKA, Erk1/2. Compared with hGH, hPL-A modulated at different intervals and/or intensity by the phosphorylation of JAKs/STATs and MAPKinases. Moreover, hPL-A induced PDX-1 intracellular expression, improving beta cell activity and ameliorating insulin secretion in response to high glucose stimulation. Our data support the idea that hPL-A is involved in the regulation of beta cells activity. Importantly, we found that hPL-A can preserve and improve the ability of purified human pancreatic islets cultured to secrete insulin in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco F Lombardo
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome
| | | | - Luca Bova
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome
| | - Barbara Bartolini
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome
| | - Federico Bertuzzi
- Cell Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes Unit; San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Nano
- Cell Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes Unit; San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Capuani
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome
| | - Renato Lauro
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome
| | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome
| | - Davide Lauro
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome
| | - Giulia Donadel
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome
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39
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Transgenerational endocrine pancreatic adaptation in mice from maternal protein restriction in utero. Mech Ageing Dev 2011; 132:110-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Conditional expression of the FTO gene product in rat INS-1 cells reveals its rapid turnover and a role in the profile of glucose-induced insulin secretion. Clin Sci (Lond) 2011; 120:403-13. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20100416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Common polymorphisms within the FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated) gene correlate with increased BMI (body mass index) and a rising risk of Type 2 diabetes. FTO is highly expressed in the brain but has also been detected in peripheral tissues, including the endocrine pancreas, although its function there is unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of FTO protein in pancreatic β-cells using a conditional expression system developed in INS-1 cells. INS-1 cells were stably transfected with FTO–HA (haemagluttinin) incorporated under the control of a tetracycline-inducible promoter. Induction of FTO protein resulted in localization of the tagged protein to the nucleus. The level of FTO–HA protein achieved in transfected cells was tightly regulated, and experiments with selective inhibitors revealed that FTO–HA is rapidly degraded via the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway. The nuclear localization was not altered by proteasome inhibitors, although following treatment with PYR-41, an inhibitor of ubiquitination, some of the protein adopted a perinuclear localization. Unexpectedly, modestly increased expression of FTO–HA selectively enhanced the first phase of insulin secretion when INS-1 monolayers or pseudoislets were stimulated with 20 mM glucose, whereas the second phase remained unchanged. The mechanism responsible for the potentiation of glucose-induced insulin secretion is unclear; however, further experiments revealed that it did not involve an increase in insulin biosynthesis or any changes in STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) expression. Taken together, these results suggest that the FTO protein may play a hitherto unrecognized role in the control of first-phase insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells.
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41
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Kostromina E, Gustavsson N, Wang X, Lim CY, Radda GK, Li C, Han W. Glucose intolerance and impaired insulin secretion in pancreas-specific signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 knockout mice are associated with microvascular alterations in the pancreas. Endocrinology 2010; 151:2050-9. [PMID: 20215569 PMCID: PMC2869255 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of glucose homeostasis depends on adequate amount and precise pattern of insulin secretion, which is determined by both beta-cell secretory processes and well-developed microvascular network within endocrine pancreas. The development of highly organized microvasculature and high degrees of capillary fenestrations in endocrine pancreas is greatly dependent on vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) from islet cells. However, it is unclear how VEGF-A production is regulated in endocrine pancreas. To understand whether signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 is involved in VEGF-A regulation and subsequent islet and microvascular network development, we generated a mouse line carrying pancreas-specific deletion of STAT3 (p-KO) and performed physiological analyses both in vivo and using isolated islets, including glucose and insulin tolerance tests, and insulin secretion measurements. We also studied microvascular network and islet development by using immunohistochemical methods. The p-KO mice exhibited glucose intolerance and impaired insulin secretion in vivo but normal insulin secretion in isolated islets. Microvascular density in the pancreas was reduced in p-KO mice, along with decreased expression of VEGF-A, but not other vasotropic factors in islets in the absence of pancreatic STAT3 signaling. Together, our study suggests that pancreatic STAT3 signaling is required for the normal development and maintenance of endocrine pancreas and islet microvascular network, possibly through its regulation of VEGF-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kostromina
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore 138667
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42
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Yang JY, Walicki J, Jaccard E, Dubuis G, Bulat N, Hornung JP, Thorens B, Widmann C. Expression of the NH(2)-terminal fragment of RasGAP in pancreatic beta-cells increases their resistance to stresses and protects mice from diabetes. Diabetes 2009; 58:2596-606. [PMID: 19696184 PMCID: PMC2768177 DOI: 10.2337/db09-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our laboratory has previously established in vitro that a caspase-generated RasGAP NH(2)-terminal moiety, called fragment N, potently protects cells, including insulinomas, from apoptotic stress. We aimed to determine whether fragment N can increase the resistance of pancreatic beta-cells in a physiological setting. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A mouse line, called rat insulin promoter (RIP)-N, was generated that bears a transgene containing the rat insulin promoter followed by the cDNA-encoding fragment N. The histology, functionality, and resistance to stress of RIP-N islets were then assessed. RESULTS Pancreatic beta-cells of RIP-N mice express fragment N, activate Akt, and block nuclear factor kappaB activity without affecting islet cell proliferation or the morphology and cellular composition of islets. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests revealed that RIP-N mice control their glycemia similarly as wild-type mice throughout their lifespan. Moreover, islets isolated from RIP-N mice showed normal glucose-induced insulin secretory capacities. They, however, displayed increased resistance to apoptosis induced by a series of stresses including inflammatory cytokines, fatty acids, and hyperglycemia. RIP-N mice were also protected from multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes, and this was associated with reduced in vivo beta-cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Fragment N efficiently increases the overall resistance of beta-cells to noxious stimuli without interfering with the physiological functions of the cells. Fragment N and the pathway it regulates represent, therefore, a potential target for the development of antidiabetes tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Yan Yang
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jöel Walicki
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Evrim Jaccard
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gilles Dubuis
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Natasa Bulat
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Hornung
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Thorens
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Genopode Building, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Widmann
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Corresponding author: Christian Widmann,
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Phillips CM, Goumidi L, Bertrais S, Field MR, Peloso GM, Shen J, McManus R, Hercberg S, Lairon D, Planells R, Roche HM. Dietary saturated fat modulates the association between STAT3 polymorphisms and abdominal obesity in adults. J Nutr 2009; 139:2011-7. [PMID: 19776189 DOI: 10.3945/jn.109.110635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays a key role in body weight regulation and glucose homeostasis, 2 important determinants of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Dietary fat is a key environmental factor that may interact with genotype to affect MetS risk. In this study, we investigated the relationship between STAT3 polymorphisms and MetS phenotypes and determined potential interactions with dietary fatty acids. STAT3 polymorphisms (rs8069645, rs744166, rs2306580, rs2293152, and rs10530050), biochemical measurements, and dietary fat composition were determined in the LIPGENE-SU.VI.MAX study of MetS cases and matched controls (n = 1754). STAT3 polymorphisms were not associated with MetS risk. However, minor G allele carriers for rs8069645, rs744166, and rs1053005 and major GG homozygotes for rs2293152 had increased risk of abdominal obesity compared with noncarriers [odds ratio (OR) = 2.22, P = 0.0005; OR = 2.08, P = 0.0017; OR = 2.00, P = 0.0033; and OR = 1.95, P = 0.028, respectively]. The number of risk alleles additively increased obesity risk (P = 0.0003). Dietary SFA intake exacerbated these effects; among all participants with the highest SFA intake (> or =15.5% of energy), individuals carrying >2 risk alleles had further increased risk of obesity (OR = 3.30; 95% CI = 1.50-7.28; P = 0.0079) compared with those carrying < or =1 risk allele. Interaction analysis confirmed this gene-nutrient interaction whereby increasing SFA intake was predictive of increased waist circumference (P = 0.038). In conclusion, STAT3 gene polymorphisms influenced the risk of abdominal obesity, which is modulated by dietary SFA intake, suggesting novel gene-nutrient interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Phillips
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, School of Public Health and Population Science, University College Dublin Conway Institute, University College, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Puglianiello A, Germani D, Cianfarani S. Exposure to uteroplacental insufficiency reduces the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and proopiomelanocortin in the hypothalamus of newborn rats. Pediatr Res 2009; 66:208-11. [PMID: 19390493 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e3181a9e7fd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
IUGR has been linked to the development of type 2 diabetes. Recent data suggest that some of the molecular defects underlying type 2 diabetes reside in the CNS. Disruption of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in the hypothalamic neurons expressing leptin receptor, results in severe obesity, hyperglycaemia, and hyperinsulinemia. Our aim was to investigate the expression of STAT3 and its downstream effector proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in IUGR rats obtained by uterine artery ligation. On day 19 of gestation, time-dated Sprague-Dawley pregnant rats were anesthetized, and both the uterine arteries were ligated. At birth, hypothalamus was dissected and processed to evaluate the expression of STAT3, its phosphorylated form, and POMC. STAT3 mRNA, STAT3 protein, phosphorylated STAT3, POMC mRNA, and POMC protein were significantly reduced in IUGR versus sham animals (p < 0.0001, p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, respectively). No significant differences either in serum leptin concentrations or in hypothalamic leptin receptor expression were observed. Our results suggest that an abnormal intrauterine milieu can affect the hypothalamic expression of STAT3 and POMC at birth, altering the hypothalamic signaling pathways that regulate the energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Puglianiello
- Department of Public Health and Cell Biology, Rina Balducci Center of Pediatric Endocrinology, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Dabernat S, Secrest P, Peuchant E, Moreau-Gaudry F, Dubus P, Sarvetnick N. Lack of beta-catenin in early life induces abnormal glucose homeostasis in mice. Diabetologia 2009; 52:1608-17. [PMID: 19513688 PMCID: PMC4288852 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1411-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Wingless and iNT-1 (WNT) pathway members are critical for pancreatic development and exocrine tissue formation. Recently, much attention has focused on delineating the roles of beta-catenin in pancreatic organogenesis. However, little is known about the involvement of beta-catenin in the endocrine or exocrine function of the mature pancreas. We report for the first time the impact of beta-catenin deletion in the pancreatic beta cells. METHODS We targeted the deletion of the beta-catenin gene in pancreatic beta cells by crossing a floxed beta-catenin mouse strain with a RIP-Cre mouse strain. RESULTS Surprisingly, the majority of the mutant mice died shortly after birth and had deregulated glucose and insulin levels. The newborn mutant pancreases demonstrated increased insulin content, reflecting a defect in insulin release confirmed in vitro. Moreover, there was a reduction in total endocrine tissue at birth, while cellularity in islets was greater, suggesting that lack of beta-catenin affects beta cell size. Some newborns survived beta-catenin deletion and showed a milder phenotype during adulthood. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The deletion of beta-catenin in the maturing beta cells negatively impacts on islet morphology and function. This work reveals that lack of beta-catenin in early life is related to severe deregulation of glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dabernat
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the action of palmitate on insulin receptor (IR) signaling pathway in rat pancreatic islets. The following proteins were studied: IR substrate-1 and -2 (IRS1 and IRS2), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase-1 and -2 (ERK1/2), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). METHODS Immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation assays were used to evaluate the phosphorylation states of IRS1 and IRS2 (tyrosine [Tyr]), ERK1/2 (threonine 202 [Thr202]/Tyr204), and STAT3 (serine [Ser727]). RESULTS The exposure of rat pancreatic islets to 0.1-mmol/L palmitate for up to 30 minutes produced a significant increase of Tyr phosphorylation in IRS2 but not in IRS1. The association of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase with IRS2 was also upregulated by palmitate. Exposure to 5.6-mmol/L glucose caused a gradual decrease in ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) and STAT3 (serine [Ser727]) phosphorylations after 30-minute incubation. The addition of palmitate (0.1 mmol/L), associated with 5.6-mmol/L glucose, abolished these latter effects of glucose after 15-minute incubation. CONCLUSIONS Palmitate at physiological concentration associated with 5.6-mmol/L glucose activates IR signaling pathway in pancreatic beta cells.
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Loss of the transcriptional repressor PAG-3/Gfi-1 results in enhanced neurosecretion that is dependent on the dense-core vesicle membrane protein IDA-1/IA-2. PLoS Genet 2009; 5:e1000447. [PMID: 19343207 PMCID: PMC2657203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that neuroendocrine cells regulate dense core vesicle (DCV) biogenesis and cargo packaging in response to secretory demands, although the molecular mechanisms of this process are poorly understood. One factor that has previously been implicated in DCV regulation is IA-2, a catalytically inactive protein phosphatase present in DCV membranes. Our ability to directly visualize a functional, GFP-tagged version of an IA-2 homolog in live Caenorhabditis elegans animals has allowed us to capitalize on the genetics of the system to screen for mutations that disrupt DCV regulation. We found that loss of activity in the transcription factor PAG-3/Gfi-1, which functions as a repressor in many systems, results in a dramatic up-regulation of IDA-1/IA-2 and other DCV proteins. The up-regulation of DCV components was accompanied by an increase in presynaptic DCV numbers and resulted in phenotypes consistent with increased neuroendocrine secretion. Double mutant combinations revealed that these PAG-3 mutant phenotypes were dependent on wild type IDA-1 function. Our results support a model in which IDA-1/IA-2 is a critical element in DCV regulation and reveal a novel genetic link to PAG-3-mediated transcriptional regulation. To our knowledge, this is the first mutation identified that results in increased neurosecretion, a phenotype that has clinical implications for DCV-mediated secretory disorders. Within secretory cells, hormones are packaged into vesicles (called DCVs) that are released upon stimulation. The number of DCVs is regulated to meet the secretory demands of the cell by a mechanism that is poorly understood, although a protein in the membrane of DCVs, called IA-2, is thought to play a role. A genetic screen in the nematode C. elegans is used, here, to find mutations that mis-regulate the corresponding worm protein called IDA-1. Capitalizing on the simple neuroanatomy of the nematode and its transparency, we visualize IDA-1 protein levels directly in the animal using a fluorescent tag. We find that mutations in the transcription factor PAG-3/Gfi-1 result in elevated levels of IDA-1 protein, increased numbers of presynaptic DCVs, and behaviors consistent with increased neurosecretion. Our results demonstrate that IDA-1/IA-2 protein levels correlate with the biogenesis, utilization, or stability of DCVs. We propose that PAG-3 normally down regulates the production of IDA-1, thus serving as part of the mechanism underlying DCV regulation. This is the first reported mutation that increases DCV numbers and secretion, offering insight into DCV homeostasis and a potential therapeutic target for diseases that would benefit from a boost in neuroendocrine secretion.
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Carobbio S, Frigerio F, Rubi B, Vetterli L, Bloksgaard M, Gjinovci A, Pournourmohammadi S, Herrera PL, Reith W, Mandrup S, Maechler P. Deletion of glutamate dehydrogenase in beta-cells abolishes part of the insulin secretory response not required for glucose homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2008; 284:921-9. [PMID: 19015267 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m806295200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin exocytosis is regulated in pancreatic ss-cells by a cascade of intracellular signals translating glucose levels into corresponding secretory responses. The mitochondrial enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) is regarded as a major player in this process, although its abrogation has not been tested yet in animal models. Here, we generated transgenic mice, named betaGlud1(-/-), with ss-cell-specific GDH deletion. Our results show that GDH plays an essential role in the full development of the insulin secretory response. In situ pancreatic perfusion revealed that glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was reduced by 37% in betaGlud1(-/-). Furthermore, isolated islets with either constitutive or acute adenovirus-mediated knock-out of GDH showed a 49 and 38% reduction in glucose-induced insulin release, respectively. Adenovirus-mediated re-expression of GDH in betaGlud1(-/-) islets fully restored glucose-induced insulin release. Thus, GDH appears to account for about 40% of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and to lack redundant mechanisms. In betaGlud1(-/-) mice, the reduced secretory capacity resulted in lower plasma insulin levels in response to both feeding and glucose load, while body weight gain was preserved. The results demonstrate that GDH is essential for the full development of the secretory response in beta-cells. However, maximal secretory capacity is not required for maintenance of glucose homeostasis in normo-caloric conditions.
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Miyazaki T, Bub JD, Iwamoto Y. c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase mediates leptin-stimulated androgen-independent prostate cancer cell proliferation via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and Akt. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2008; 1782:593-604. [PMID: 18718531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2008.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2008] [Revised: 07/06/2008] [Accepted: 07/24/2008] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with advanced prostate cancer. Here we demonstrate that in mouse prostate cancer TRAMP-C1 cells epididymal fat extracts from high-fat diet-fed obese mice stimulate androgen-independent cell growth more significantly than those from low-fat diet-fed lean mice or genetically obese leptin-deficient ob/ob mice in correlation with leptin concentrations. This result suggests that obesity promotes androgen-independent prostate cancer cell growth via adipose leptin. We have reported that added leptin stimulates androgen-independent prostate cancer cell proliferation through c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK). As with JNK, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and Akt are implicated in androgen-independent prostate cancer. In this study, we identify novel interaction of these three molecules in leptin-stimulated androgen-independent cell proliferation. Leptin activates JNK, STAT3 and Akt in a biphasic manner with a similar time-course. Pharmacological JNK inhibition suppresses leptin-stimulated DNA binding activity, as well as Ser-727 phosphorylation, of STAT3. Since JNK upregulates STAT3 activity via Ser-727 phosphorylation, JNK mediates leptin-stimulated STAT3 activation through Ser-727 phosphorylation. Moreover, JNK inhibition impairs leptin-stimulated Ser-473 phosphorylation of Akt that is required for its activation. Thus, JNK is involved in leptin-stimulated Akt activation. These findings together indicate that JNK mediates leptin-stimulated androgen-independent prostate cancer cell proliferation via STAT3 and Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Miyazaki
- Department of Surgical Research, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
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Gutiérrez-Aguilar R, Froguel P, Hamid YH, Benmezroua Y, Jørgensen T, Borch-Johnsen K, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Neve B. Genetic analysis of Kruppel-like zinc finger 11 variants in 5864 Danish individuals: potential effect on insulin resistance and modified signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 binding by promoter variant -1659G>C. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93:3128-35. [PMID: 18505768 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2007-2504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The transcription factor Krüppel-like zinc finger 11 (KLF11) has been suggested to contribute to genetic risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Our previous results showed that four KLF11 variants, in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD block including +185 A>G/Gln62Arg and -1659 G>C) were associated with T2D in a north European case-control study. Here we further analyzed these variants for T2D association in a general Danish population and assess their possible effect on gene function. METHODS We genotyped Gln62Arg variant, representative for the LD block, in 5864 subjects of the INTER99 study to assess association to T2D and glucose metabolism-related quantitative traits. We studied effects of LD-block variants on KLF11 function and in particular, the effect of -1659G>C on transcriptional regulation of KLF11 using EMSA, chromatin immunoprecipitation, gene reporter assays, and small interfering RNA transfection. RESULTS We could not confirm T2D association of the KLF11 LD block, however, in glucose-tolerant subjects; it was significantly associated with higher fasting serum insulin and C-peptide levels and increased homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance indexes (P = 0.00004, P = 0.006, and P = 0.00002, respectively). In addition, binding of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 to the wild-type (-1659G>C) allele stimulated gene transcription, whereas STAT3 did not bind onto the mutant allele. CONCLUSIONS We showed that KLF11 may interfere with glucose homeostasis in a Danish general population and that STAT3-mediated up-regulation of KLF11 transcription was impaired by the -1659G>C variant. Overall, KLF11 variants may have a deleterious effect on insulin sensitivity, although that may not be sufficient to lead to T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Gutiérrez-Aguilar
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unit Mixte de Recherche 8090-Institute of Biology, Lille, France
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