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Bondarchuk CP, Grobman B, Mansur A, Lu CY. National trends in pneumonia-related mortality in the United States, 1999-2019. Infect Dis (Lond) 2024:1-10. [PMID: 39115964 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2024.2390180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pneumonia is one of the most common causes of hospital admissions in the United States and remains a major cause of death. However, less is known regarding the mortality burden from pneumonia in the United States and how this burden has changed over time. METHODS Death rates from causes related to pneumonia were determined using the CDC Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) data from 1999-2019. Pneumonia deaths were calculated for the overall population as well as for sociodemographic subgroups. We also analysed changes in death rates over time. RESULTS Overall, 2.1% of total US deaths during the period between 1999 and 2019 were due to pneumonia (2.6% in 1999 and 1.5% in 2019). Mortality declined over time for both men and women, and across most age cohorts, as well as all racial, urbanisation, and regional categories. Rates of pneumonia deaths were higher among males as compared to females (age-adjusted mortality rate ratio (AAMRR) = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.34-1.35). Compared to White Americans, Black Americans had the highest pneumonia-related mortality rates of any racial group (AAMRR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.10-1.11). CONCLUSIONS Rates of pneumonia-related death have decreased in the United States in recent decades. However, significant racial and gender disparities remain, indicating the need for more equitable care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Grobman
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arian Mansur
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christine Y Lu
- Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney and the Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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2
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Buosi K, Jalalizadeh M, Maia AR, Morari J, Velloso LA, Reis LO. Modulation of Human Macrophages by Plasma from COVID-19 Patients Following BCG Vaccination: BATTLE Trial. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:3107-3117. [PMID: 39049828 PMCID: PMC11268781 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s468047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To analyze the interfering effect of plasma from COVID-19 convalescent adults vaccinated or not with intradermal Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) on human macrophages. Methods The BATTLE clinical trial (NCT04369794) was initiated in the 2020 SARS-CoV-2 pandemic to study the safety and efficacy of BCG revaccination of COVID-19 convalescent adults. We measured the expression induction of eleven COVID-19-related genes in human macrophages cultured in plasma taken from 22 BCG vaccinated and 17 placebo patients at baseline and 45 days post-intervention. Subgroup analysis was based on gender, age, job type (healthcare worker [HCW] vs non-HCW), and the presence of anosmia/dysgeusia. Results Compared to plasma from placebo counterparts, the plasma of BCG vaccinated patients increased the expression induction of interferon (IFN)β-1b (p = 0.042) in human macrophages. This increase was more pronounced in females and in healthcare workers (HCW) (p = 0.007 and 0.001, respectively). Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) expression induction was increased by plasma from BCG vaccinated females, young age group, and HCWs (p = 0.004, 0.011, and 0.040, respectively). Interleukin (IL)-10 induction increased by the plasma of young BCG recipients (p = 0.008). Induction of IL-6 expression increased by non-HCW BCG recipients plasma but decreased by HCW BCG recipients plasma (p = 0.005). Baseline plasma of patients who presented with anosmia/dysgeusia at the time of admission induced lower angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) compared to those without the symptom (0.76 vs 0.97, p = 0.004). ACE2 expression induction significantly increased by plasma of BCG recipients if they had anosmia/dysgeusia on admission (p = 0.028). Conclusion The expressions of IFNβ-1b, IFITM3, IL-6, and IL-10 in human macrophages incubated with the plasma of COVID-19 convalescent patients were modulated by BCG. These modulations depended on subject-specific characteristics, including gender, age, clinical presentation (anosmia/dysgeusia), job type, and previous exposure to mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keini Buosi
- Uroscience, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-872, Brazil
| | - Mehrsa Jalalizadeh
- Uroscience, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-872, Brazil
| | - Aline Rosa Maia
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Joseane Morari
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Licio Augusto Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Reis
- Uroscience, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-872, Brazil
- Immunoncology, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, PUC-Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13087-571, Brazil
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3
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Booijink R, Ramachandran P, Bansal R. Implications of innate immune sexual dimorphism for MASLD pathogenesis and treatment. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2024; 45:614-627. [PMID: 38853100 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is significantly higher in men versus women. Increased prevalence is observed in postmenopausal women, suggesting that age and sex (hormones) influence MASLD development and progression. Molecular data further reveal that sex regulates the innate immune responses with an essential role in MASLD progression. To date, there has been limited focus on the role of innate immune sexual dimorphism in MASLD, and differences between men and women are not considered in the current drug discovery landscape. In this review, we summarize the sex disparities and innate immune sexual dimorphism in MASLD pathogenesis. We further highlight the importance of harnessing sexual dimorphism in identifying therapeutic targets, developing pharmacological therapies, and designing (pre-) clinical studies for the personalized treatment for MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richell Booijink
- Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Bioengineering Technologies, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Prakash Ramachandran
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Bioengineering Technologies, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Forsyth KS, Jiwrajka N, Lovell CD, Toothacre NE, Anguera MC. The conneXion between sex and immune responses. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:487-502. [PMID: 38383754 PMCID: PMC11216897 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-00996-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
There are notable sex-based differences in immune responses to pathogens and self-antigens, with female individuals exhibiting increased susceptibility to various autoimmune diseases, and male individuals displaying preferential susceptibility to some viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal infections. Although sex hormones clearly contribute to sex differences in immune cell composition and function, the presence of two X chromosomes in female individuals suggests that differential gene expression of numerous X chromosome-linked immune-related genes may also influence sex-biased innate and adaptive immune cell function in health and disease. Here, we review the sex differences in immune system composition and function, examining how hormones and genetics influence the immune system. We focus on the genetic and epigenetic contributions responsible for altered X chromosome-linked gene expression, and how this impacts sex-biased immune responses in the context of pathogen infection and systemic autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S Forsyth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nikhil Jiwrajka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Claudia D Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Natalie E Toothacre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Montserrat C Anguera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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5
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Shantaram D, Hoyd R, Blaszczak AM, Antwi L, Jalilvand A, Wright VP, Liu J, Smith AJ, Bradley D, Lafuse W, Liu Y, Williams NF, Snyder O, Wheeler C, Needleman B, Brethauer S, Noria S, Renton D, Perry KA, Nagareddy P, Wozniak D, Mahajan S, Rana PSJB, Pietrzak M, Schlesinger LS, Spakowicz DJ, Hsueh WA. Obesity-associated microbiomes instigate visceral adipose tissue inflammation by recruitment of distinct neutrophils. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5434. [PMID: 38937454 PMCID: PMC11211470 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48935-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are increasingly implicated in chronic inflammation and metabolic disorders. Here, we show that visceral adipose tissue (VAT) from individuals with obesity contains more neutrophils than in those without obesity and is associated with a distinct bacterial community. Exploring the mechanism, we gavaged microbiome-depleted mice with stool from patients with and without obesity during high-fat or normal diet administration. Only mice receiving high-fat diet and stool from subjects with obesity show enrichment of VAT neutrophils, suggesting donor microbiome and recipient diet determine VAT neutrophilia. A rise in pro-inflammatory CD4+ Th1 cells and a drop in immunoregulatory T cells in VAT only follows if there is a transient spike in neutrophils. Human VAT neutrophils exhibit a distinct gene expression pattern that is found in different human tissues, including tumors. VAT neutrophils and bacteria may be a novel therapeutic target for treating inflammatory-driven complications of obesity, including insulin resistance and colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharti Shantaram
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Rebecca Hoyd
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Alecia M Blaszczak
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Linda Antwi
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Anahita Jalilvand
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Valerie P Wright
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Joey Liu
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Alan J Smith
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - David Bradley
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - William Lafuse
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - YunZhou Liu
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Nyelia F Williams
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Owen Snyder
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Caroline Wheeler
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Bradley Needleman
- Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Stacy Brethauer
- Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sabrena Noria
- Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - David Renton
- Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Kyle A Perry
- Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Prabha Nagareddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Section University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Daniel Wozniak
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sahil Mahajan
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Pranav S J B Rana
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Maciej Pietrzak
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Larry S Schlesinger
- Host Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Daniel J Spakowicz
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Willa A Hsueh
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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6
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Popotas A, Casimir GJ, Corazza F, Lefèvre N. Sex-related immunity: could Toll-like receptors be the answer in acute inflammatory response? Front Immunol 2024; 15:1379754. [PMID: 38835761 PMCID: PMC11148260 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1379754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have highlighted the existence of a sex-specific immune response, wherein men experience a worse prognosis in cases of acute inflammatory diseases. Initially, this sex-dependent inflammatory response was attributed to the influence of sex hormones. However, a growing body of evidence has shifted the focus toward the influence of chromosomes rather than sex hormones in shaping these inflammatory sex disparities. Notably, certain pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and their associated immune pathways have been implicated in driving the sex-specific immune response. These receptors are encoded by genes located on the X chromosome. TLRs are pivotal components of the innate immune system, playing crucial roles in responding to infectious diseases, including bacterial and viral pathogens, as well as trauma-related conditions. Importantly, the TLR-mediated inflammatory responses, as indicated by the production of specific proteins and cytokines, exhibit discernible sex-dependent patterns. In this review, we delve into the subject of sex bias in TLR activation and explore its clinical implications relatively to both the X chromosome and the hormonal environment. The overarching objective is to enhance our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underlying these sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Popotas
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Georges Jacques Casimir
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Cystic Fibrosis, Queen Fabiola Childrens University Hospital (Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola) – University Hospital of Brussels (Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Francis Corazza
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Lefèvre
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Cystic Fibrosis, Queen Fabiola Childrens University Hospital (Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola) – University Hospital of Brussels (Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles), Brussels, Belgium
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7
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Arkenberg P, Dittmar M. The 24-h profile of the DNA repair enzyme 8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (OGG1) is associated with age, TNF-α, and waist circumference in healthy adults. GeroScience 2024; 46:2489-2502. [PMID: 37991642 PMCID: PMC10828295 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-01012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
It is unknown how the DNA repair enzyme OGG1 relates to healthy aging in humans, in particular to inflammaging, that is associated with increased levels of TNF-α. This study aimed (1) to investigate how 24-h profiles for OGG1 change during healthy aging and (2) to analyze the relationship of OGG1 with TNF-α, central body fat, cortisol and oxidative DNA/RNA damage. In a cross-sectional study in 20 healthy older and 20 young women, salivary levels of OGG1, TNF-α, cortisol and oxidative DNA/RNA damage were quantified by ELISAs every 4 h for a 24-h period. Trunk circumferences were taken as measures of central body fat. Older women, compared to young women, exhibited significantly lower protein levels of OGG1 throughout the whole 24-h period, a 2.5 times lower 24-h mean level for OGG1 (P < 0.00001) and loss of 24-h variation of OGG1. Both age groups demonstrated significant 24-h variation for TNF-alpha, cortisol and oxidative damage. The 24-h mean level for TNF-α was more than twice as high in older compared to young women (P = 0.011). Regression analysis detected that age, TNF-α and waist circumference were negative significant predictors of OGG1, explaining 56% of variance of OGG1 (P < 0.00001), while levels of cortisol and oxidative damage were no predictors of OGG1. Results indicate a strong decrease of protein levels of OGG1 and a loss of 24-h variation during natural cellular aging. The negative relationship, found between OGG1 and TNF-α and between OGG1 and waist circumference, suggests involvement of proinflammatory processes in DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Arkenberg
- Department of Human Biology, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Manuela Dittmar
- Department of Human Biology, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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8
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Akinyemi AJ, Du XQ, Aguilan J, Sidoli S, Hirsch D, Wang T, Reznik S, Fuloria M, Charron MJ. Human cord plasma proteomic analysis reveals sexually dimorphic proteins associated with intrauterine growth restriction. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300260. [PMID: 38059784 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic disease later in life and has been shown to affect female and male offspring differently, but the mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify proteomic differences and metabolic risk markers in IUGR male and female neonates when compared to appropriate for gestational age (AGA) babies that will provide a better understanding of IUGR pathogenesis and its associated risks. Our results revealed alterations in IUGR cord plasma proteomes with most of the differentially abundant proteins implicated in peroxisome pathways. This effect was evident in females but not in males. Furthermore, we observed that catalase activity, a peroxisomal enzyme, was significantly increased in females (p < 0.05) but unchanged in males. Finally, we identified risk proteins associated with obesity, type-2 diabetes, and glucose intolerance such as EGF containing fibulin extracellular matrix protein 1 (EFEMP1), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and transforming growth factor beta receptor 3 (TGFBR3) proteins unique to females while coagulation factor IX (C9) and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) are unique in males. In conclusion, IUGR may display sexual dimorphism which may be associated with differences in lifelong risk for cardiometabolic disease between males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiu Quan Du
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer Aguilan
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - David Hirsch
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Sandra Reznik
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Jamaica, New York, USA
| | - Mamta Fuloria
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Maureen J Charron
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Norman Fleisher Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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9
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Alkhattabi NA, Alharbi HM, Basabrain MA, Al-Zahrani MH, Alghamdi RA, Joharjy H, Khalifa R, Tarbiah NI. Studying the correlation of inflammatory cytokines to COVID-19 disease. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155215. [PMID: 38412656 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Extreme response of the immune system develops cytokine storm which might be crucial in the pathology of COVID-19. The research aims to evaluate the serum level of IL-6, TNF-α, and IP-10 in severe, mild, and pre-vaccinated one-dose COVID-19 patients and investigate their clinical value and effect in the disease development among different groups of patients. A total of 72 samples were collected 18 as healthy control and 54 from confirmed COVID-19 patients including 18 mild, 18 severe, and 18 pre-vaccinated (one dose). It was confirmed that the severe group of COVID-19 patients had the highest circulating IL-6, TNF- α, and IP-10. IL-6 level in mild and pre-vaccinated (one dose) was significantly lower than in severe. In conclusion, IL-6, TNF-α, and IP-10 are associated with the pathogenicity of COVID-19, furthermore, vaccination could help to control severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuha A Alkhattabi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hajer M Alharbi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad A Basabrain
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Maryam H Al-Zahrani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rana A Alghamdi
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Art College, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Husam Joharjy
- Public Health and Infection Control Department, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Reham Khalifa
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Ain Shams, Egypt.
| | - Nesrin I Tarbiah
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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10
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Mei X, Zhang Y, Wang S, Wang H, Chen R, Ma K, Yang Y, Jiang P, Feng Z, Zhang C, Zhang Z. Necroptosis in Pneumonia: Therapeutic Strategies and Future Perspectives. Viruses 2024; 16:94. [PMID: 38257794 PMCID: PMC10818625 DOI: 10.3390/v16010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia remains a major global health challenge, necessitating the development of effective therapeutic approaches. Recently, necroptosis, a regulated form of cell death, has garnered attention in the fields of pharmacology and immunology for its role in the pathogenesis of pneumonia. Characterized by cell death and inflammatory responses, necroptosis is a key mechanism contributing to tissue damage and immune dysregulation in various diseases, including pneumonia. This review comprehensively analyzes the role of necroptosis in pneumonia and explores potential pharmacological interventions targeting this cell death pathway. Moreover, we highlight the intricate interplay between necroptosis and immune responses in pneumonia, revealing a bidirectional relationship between necrotic cell death and inflammatory signaling. Importantly, we assess current therapeutic strategies modulating necroptosis, encompassing synthetic inhibitors, natural products, and other drugs targeting key components of the programmed necrosis pathway. The article also discusses challenges and future directions in targeting programmed necrosis for pneumonia treatment, proposing novel therapeutic strategies that combine antibiotics with necroptosis inhibitors. This review underscores the importance of understanding necroptosis in pneumonia and highlights the potential of pharmacological interventions to mitigate tissue damage and restore immune homeostasis in this devastating respiratory infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhen Mei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Shu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhixin Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
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11
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Cignarella A, Vegeto E, Bolego C, Trabace L, Conti L, Ortona E. Sex-oriented perspectives in immunopharmacology. Pharmacol Res 2023; 197:106956. [PMID: 37820857 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Several immunopharmacological agents are effective in the treatment of cancer and immune-mediated conditions, with a favorable impact on life expectancy and clinical outcomes for a large number of patients. Nevertheless, response variation and undesirable effects of these drugs represent major issues, and overall efficacy remains unpredictable. Males and females show a distinct difference in immune system responses, with females generally mounting stronger responses to a variety of stimuli. Therefore, exploring sex differences in the efficacy and safety of immunopharmacological agents would strengthen the practice of precision medicine. As a pharmacological target highlight, programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) is the first functionally characterized ligand of the coinhibitory programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1). The PD-L1/PD-1 crosstalk plays an important role in the immune response and is relevant in cancer, infectious and autoimmune disease. Sex differences in the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors are well documented, with male patients responding better than female patients. Similarly, higher efficacy of and adherence to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in chronic inflammatory conditions including rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease have been reported in male patients. The pharmacological basis of sex-specific responses to immune system modulating drugs is actively investigated in other settings such as stroke and type 1 diabetes. Advances in therapeutics targeting the endothelium could soon be wielded against autoimmunity and metabolic disorders. Based on the established sexual dimorphism in immune-related pathophysiology and disease presentation, sex-specific immunopharmacological protocols should be integrated into clinical guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisabetta Vegeto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Bolego
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Lucia Conti
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Ortona
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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12
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Garcia C, Andersen CJ, Blesso CN. The Role of Lipids in the Regulation of Immune Responses. Nutrients 2023; 15:3899. [PMID: 37764683 PMCID: PMC10535783 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism plays a major role in the regulation of the immune system. Exogenous (dietary and microbial-derived) and endogenous (non-microbial-derived) lipids play a direct role in regulating immune cell activation, differentiation and expansion, and inflammatory phenotypes. Understanding the complexities of lipid-immune interactions may have important implications for human health, as certain lipids or immune pathways may be beneficial in circumstances of acute infection yet detrimental in chronic inflammatory diseases. Further, there are key differences in the lipid effects between specific immune cell types and location (e.g., gut mucosal vs. systemic immune cells), suggesting that the immunomodulatory properties of lipids may be tissue-compartment-specific, although the direct effect of dietary lipids on the mucosal immune system warrants further investigation. Importantly, there is recent evidence to suggest that lipid-immune interactions are dependent on sex, metabolic status, and the gut microbiome in preclinical models. While the lipid-immune relationship has not been adequately established in/translated to humans, research is warranted to evaluate the differences in lipid-immune interactions across individuals and whether the optimization of lipid-immune interactions requires precision nutrition approaches to mitigate or manage disease. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which lipids regulate immune responses and the influence of dietary lipids on these processes, highlighting compelling areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christopher N. Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (C.G.); (C.J.A.)
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13
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Xie W, Huang T, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Chen W, Li Y, Chen C, Li P. Neutrophil-derived cathelicidin promotes cerebral angiogenesis after ischemic stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1503-1518. [PMID: 37194247 PMCID: PMC10414012 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231175190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils play critical roles in the evolving of brain injuries following ischemic stroke. However, how they impact the brain repair in the late phase after stroke remain uncertain. Using a prospective clinical stroke patient cohort, we found significantly increased cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) in the peripheral blood of stroke patients compared to that of healthy controls. While in the mouse stroke model, CAMP was present in the peripheral blood, brain ischemic core and significantly increased at day 1, 3, 7, 14 after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). CAMP-/- mice exhibited significantly increased infarct volume, exacerbated neurological outcome, reduced cerebral endothelial cell proliferation and vascular density at 7 and 14 days after MCAO. Using bEND3 cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), we found significantly increased angiogenesis-related gene expression with the treatment of recombinant CAMP peptide (rCAMP) after reoxygenation. Intracerebroventricular injection (ICV) of AZD-5069, the antagonist of CAMP receptor CXCR2, or knockdown of CXCR2 by shCXCR2 recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) impeded angiogenesis and neurological recovery after MCAO. Administration of rCAMP promoted endothelial proliferation and angiogenesis and attenuated neurological deficits 14 days after MCAO. In conclusion, neutrophil derived CAMP represents an important mediator that could promote post-stroke angiogenesis and neurological recovery in the late phase after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yueman Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of Anesthesia Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijie Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of Anesthesia Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of Anesthesia Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of Anesthesia Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiying Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of Anesthesia Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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14
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Allegra A, Caserta S, Genovese S, Pioggia G, Gangemi S. Gender Differences in Oxidative Stress in Relation to Cancer Susceptibility and Survival. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1255. [PMID: 37371985 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic, developmental, biochemical, and environmental variables interact intricately to produce sex differences. The significance of sex differences in cancer susceptibility is being clarified by numerous studies. Epidemiological research and cancer registries have revealed over the past few years that there are definite sex variations in cancer incidence, progression, and survival. However, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction also have a significant impact on the response to treatment of neoplastic diseases. Young women may be more protected from cancer than men because most of the proteins implicated in the regulation of redox state and mitochondrial function are under the control of sexual hormones. In this review, we describe how sexual hormones control the activity of antioxidant enzymes and mitochondria, as well as how they affect several neoplastic diseases. The molecular pathways that underlie the gender-related discrepancies in cancer that have been identified may be better understood, which may lead to more effective precision medicine and vital information on treatment options for both males and females with neoplastic illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood 'Gaetano Barresi', University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Santino Caserta
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood 'Gaetano Barresi', University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Sara Genovese
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
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15
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Dos Santos DC, de Souza Bittencout R, Arêas ID, Pena LSC, Almeida CF, de Brito Guimarães BC, Dórea RSDM, Correia TML, Júnior MNS, Morbeck LLB, Dos Santos TC, Souza CLS, de Souza SI, de Jesus Soares T, Yatsuda R, Campos GB, Marques LM. Effects of 5α-dihydrotestosterone on the modulation of monocyte/macrophage response to Staphylococcus aureus: an in vitro study. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:15. [PMID: 37004108 PMCID: PMC10065996 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00501-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a pathogen responsible for a wide range of clinical manifestations and potentially fatal conditions. There is a paucity of information on the influence of androgens in the immune response to S. aureus infection. In this study, we evaluated the influence of the hormone 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs) and human peripheral blood monocytes (HPBMs) induced by S. aureus. METHODS An in vitro model of MPMs from BALB/c sham males, orchiectomised (OQX) males, and females was used. Cells were inoculated with 10 μL of S. aureus, phage-type 80 or sterile saline (control) for 6 h. The MPMs of OQX males and females were pre-treated with 100 μL of 10-2 M DHT for 24 h before inoculation with S. aureus. The concentration of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10; total nitrites (NO-2); and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were measured in the supernatant of MPM cultures. In addition, the toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) genes that are involved in immune responses were analysed. For the in vitro model of HPBMs, nine men and nine women of childbearing age were selected and HPBMs were isolated from samples of the volunteers' peripheral blood. In women, blood was collected during the periovulatory period. The HPBMs were inoculated with S. aureus for 6 h and the supernatant was collected for the analysis of cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12; and GM-CSF, NO-2, and H2O2. The HPBMs were then removed for the analysis of 84 genes involved in the host's response to bacterial infections by RT-PCR array. GraphPad was used for statistical analysis with a p value < 0.05. RESULTS Our data demonstrated that MPMs from sham males inoculated with S. aureus displayed higher concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and lower concentrations of IL-10, NO-2, and H2O2 when compared with MPMs from OQX males and females. A similar result was observed in the HPBMs of men when compared with those of women. Previous treatment with DHT in women HPBMs increased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreased the levels of IL-10, NO-2, and H2O2. The analysis of gene expression showed that DHT increased the activity of the TLR2 and NF-kB pathways in both MPMs and HPBMs. CONCLUSIONS We found that DHT acts as an inflammatory modulator in the monocyte/macrophage response induced by S. aureus and females exhibit a better immune defence response against this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Déborah Cruz Dos Santos
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Rafaela de Souza Bittencout
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Iago Dórea Arêas
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Larissa Silva C Pena
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Carolline Florentino Almeida
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Bruna Carolina de Brito Guimarães
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Rafael Santos Dantas Miranda Dórea
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Thiago Macêdo Lopes Correia
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | | | - Lorena Lôbo Brito Morbeck
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Talita Costa Dos Santos
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Leal S Souza
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | | | - Telma de Jesus Soares
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Regiane Yatsuda
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Barreto Campos
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
- University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Lucas Miranda Marques
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil.
- University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Ilhéus, Brazil.
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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16
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Martínez de Toda I, González-Sánchez M, Díaz-Del Cerro E, Valera G, Carracedo J, Guerra-Pérez N. Sex differences in markers of oxidation and inflammation. Implications for ageing. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 211:111797. [PMID: 36868323 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism is a key factor to consider in the ageing process given the impact that it has on life expectancy. The oxidative-inflammatory theory of ageing states that the ageing process is the result of the establishment of oxidative stress which, due to the interplay of the immune system, translates into inflammatory stress, and that both processes are responsible for the damage and loss of function of an organism. We show that there are relevant gender differences in a number of oxidative and inflammatory markers and propose that they may account for the differential lifespan between sexes, given that males display, in general, higher oxidation and basal inflammation. In addition, we explain the significant role of circulating cell-free DNA as a marker of oxidative damage and an inductor of inflammation, connecting both processes and having the potential to become a useful ageing marker. Finally, we discuss how oxidative and inflammatory changes take place differentially with ageing in each sex, which could also have an impact on the sex-differential lifespan. Further research including sex as an essential variable is needed to understand the grounds of sex differences in ageing and to better comprehend ageing itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Martínez de Toda
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology. Unit of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mónica González-Sánchez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology. Unit of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Estefanía Díaz-Del Cerro
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology. Unit of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gemma Valera
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology. Unit of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julia Carracedo
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology. Unit of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Natalia Guerra-Pérez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology. Unit of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Beisel C, Jordan-Paiz A, Köllmann S, Ahrenstorf AE, Padoan B, Barkhausen T, Addo MM, Altfeld M. Sex differences in the percentage of IRF5 positive B cells are associated with higher production of TNF-α in women in response to TLR9 in humans. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:11. [PMID: 36814288 PMCID: PMC9945365 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00495-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical course and outcome of many diseases differ between women and men, with women experiencing a higher prevalence and more severe pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. The precise mechanisms underlying these sex differences still remain to be fully understood. IRF5 is a master transcription factor that regulates TLR/MyD88-mediated responses to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) in DCs and B cells. B cells are central effector cells involved in autoimmune diseases via the production of antibodies and pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as mediating T cell help. Dysregulation of IRF5 expression has been reported in autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjögren syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS In the current study, we analyzed whether the percentage of IRF5 positive B cells differs between women and men and assessed the resulting consequences for the production of inflammatory cytokines after TLR7- or TLR9 stimulation. RESULTS The percentage of IRF5 positive B cells was significantly higher in B cells of women compared to men in both unstimulated and TLR7- or TLR9-stimulated B cells. B cells of women produced higher levels of TNF-α in response to TLR9 stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data contribute to the understanding of sex differences in immune responses and may identify IRF5 as a potential therapeutic target to reduce harmful B cell-mediated immune responses in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Beisel
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany. .,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany. .,Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, 20251, Hamburg, Germany. .,Department of Internal Medicine IV, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Ana Jordan-Paiz
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Köllmann
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany ,grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Benedetta Padoan
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Barkhausen
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany ,Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marylyn M. Addo
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany ,grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany ,Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
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18
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Noh SG, Jung HJ, Kim S, Arulkumar R, Chung KW, Park D, Choi YJ, Chung HY. Sex-Mediated Differences in TNF Signaling- and ECM-Related Gene Expression in Aged Rat Kidney. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:552-562. [PMID: 37005299 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Aging leads to the functional decline of an organism, which is associated with age and sex. To understand the functional change of kidneys depending on age and sex, we carried out a transcriptome analysis using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data from rat kidneys. Four differentially expressed gene (DEG) sets were generated according to age and sex, and Gene Ontology analysis and overlapping analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were performed for the DEG sets. Through the analysis, we revealed that inflammation- and extracellular matrix (ECM)-related genes and pathways were upregulated in both males and females during aging, which was more prominent in old males than in old females. Furthermore, quantitative real-time PCR analysis confirmed that the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling-related genes, Birc3, Socs3, and Tnfrsf1b, and ECM-related genes, Cd44, Col3a1, and Col5a2, which showed that the genes were markedly upregulated in males and not females during aging. Also, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining for histological analysis showed that renal damage was highly shown in old males rather than old females. In conclusion, in the rat kidney, the genes involved in TNF signaling and ECM accumulation are upregulated in males more than in females during aging. These results suggest that the upregulation of the genes may have a higher contribution to age-related kidney inflammation and fibrosis in males than in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Gyun Noh
- Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics and Longevity Science, Pusan National University
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University
| | - Seungwoo Kim
- Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics and Longevity Science, Pusan National University
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University
| | - Radha Arulkumar
- Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics and Longevity Science, Pusan National University
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University
| | - Ki Wung Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University
| | - Daeui Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology
| | - Yeon Ja Choi
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Dongguk University
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics and Longevity Science, Pusan National University
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University
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19
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Chen YH, Chiou HY, Wang HY, Chung KH. Sex differences in the associations between psychological symptoms and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels among obese and nonobese children aged 6-13 in Taiwan. J Affect Disord 2023; 320:241-246. [PMID: 36162686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence of associations between psychological symptoms and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α level is scant, as is evidence on sex differences in associations for children and adolescents with obesity. This study examined sex differences in associations between psychological symptoms (self-concept, anxiety, depression, anger, and disruptive behavior) and TNF-α level in Taiwanese children and adolescents with healthy weight, overweight, or obesity. METHODS In 2010, 564 first, fourth, and seventh graders-comprising 250 children with overweight or obesity (44.3 %), 330 adolescents (58.5 %), and 303 males (53.7 %)-underwent a health examination and blood sampling and completed a questionnaire. RESULTS A significantly higher TNF-α level was found in children and adolescents with healthy weight than in those with overweight or obesity (median: 14.5 vs. 4.1 (pg/mL); p < 0.001). In multiple linear regression models, anxiety was significantly positively associated with TNF-α level in female participants with healthy weight (β = 0.11 per 10 increments in anxiety, 95 % confidence interval = 0.01-0.22). LIMITATIONS Given the cross-sectional nature of the study, no inferences of causal relationships among TNF-α level, obesity, and psychological symptoms could be made. CONCLUSIONS The findings enrich the literature on the TNF-α-psychological symptom association. Sex differences were found in children and adolescents without obesity rather than in those without obesity, and a higher TNF-α level was associated with increased anxiety in girls without obesity. The role of sex differences in the complex associations among psychological symptoms, TNF-α level, and overweight or obesity requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hua Chen
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center of Health Equity, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Chiou
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Wang
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chung
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Balato G, Ascione T, Festa E, Di Gennaro D, Pandolfo G, Pagliano P. The Diagnostic Accuracy of Neutrophils to Lymphocytes Ratio, Platelets to Lymphocytes Ratio, Monocytes to Lymphocytes Ratio, and Platelets to Mean Platelet Volume Ratio in Diagnosing Periprosthetic Knee Infections. Are Gender-Specific Cutoff Values Needed? J Arthroplasty 2022; 38:918-924. [PMID: 36481284 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess the most appropriate thresholds for neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio (NLR), platelets to lymphocytes ratio, monocytes to lymphocytes ratio (MLR), and platelets to mean platelet volume ratio in patients who had a suspected prosthetic knee infection. Furthermore, we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of our proposed thresholds by men and women. METHODS A total of 261 consecutive patients affected by painful total knee arthroplasty were included. International Consensus Meeting diagnostic criteria were used to identify periprosthetic infections. Sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values were calculated for each cutoff value obtained. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was evaluated. RESULTS NLR reported the best diagnostic accuracy. MLR and NLR reported higher area under the curves in men and women. We obtained an MLR value ≥0.30 (optimal cutoff value for men) and ≥0.17 (optimal cutoff value for women). In men, the sensitivity and the specificity were 0.71 and 0.77, respectively, versus 0.82 and 0.29, in women. For NLR, we obtained a value ≥2.52 (best cutoff value for men) and ≥2.46 (best cutoff value for women). These cutoffs reported a sensitivity and specificity of 0.71 and 0.88 versus 0.54 and 0.76 in men and women, respectively. CONCLUSION These biomarkers present a low diagnostic accuracy in periprosthetic joint infection detection. Men whose MLR and NLR were above cutoff values had a 77 and 88% probability of presenting a septic prosthetic failure. NLR of at least 2.46 was reasonably sensitive for women who have a periprosthetic knee infection. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Diagnostic study, Level II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Balato
- Department of Public Health, Orthopedic Unit, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Tiziana Ascione
- Department of Medicine, Service of Infectious Disease, Cardarelli Hospital Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Enrico Festa
- Department of Public Health, Orthopedic Unit, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Donato Di Gennaro
- Department of Public Health, Orthopedic Unit, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pandolfo
- Department of Economics and Statistics, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pagliano
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery - University of Salerno - Baronissi, Italy
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β-caryophyllene and docosahexaenoic acid, isolated or associated, have potential antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19199. [PMID: 36357780 PMCID: PMC9649594 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23842-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a complex biological response involving the immune, autonomic, vascular, and somatosensory systems that occurs through the synthesis of inflammatory mediators and pain induction by the activation of nociceptors. Staphylococcus aureus, the main cause of bacteremia, is one of the most common and potent causes of inflammation in public health, with worse clinical outcomes in hospitals. Antioxidant substances have been evaluated as alternative therapeutic analgesics, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, antitumor agents, and bactericides. Among these, we highlight the essential oils of aromatic plants, such as β-caryophyllene (BCP), and polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The objective of this study was to evaluate the biological activities of BCP-DHA association in in vitro and in vivo experimental models of antinociception and inflammation. To determine the anti-inflammatory effects, monocytes isolated from the peripheral blood of adult male volunteers were infected with methicillin-resistant S. aureus and incubated with treatment for cytokine dosage and gene expression analysis. Antinociceptive effects were observed in the three models when comparing the control (saline) and the BCP-DHA treatment groups. For this purpose, the antinociceptive effects were evaluated in animal models using the following tests: acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, paw edema induced by formalin intraplantar injection, and von Frey hypernociception. There was a significant reduction in the GM-CSF, TNFα, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-12 levels and an increase in IL-10 levels in the BCP-DHA treatment groups, in addition to negative regulation of the expression of the genes involved in the intracellular inflammatory signaling cascade (IL-2, IL-6, IRF7, NLRP3, and TYK2) in all groups receiving treatment, regardless of the presence of infection. Statistically significant results (p < 0.05) were obtained in the acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing test, evaluation of paw edema, evaluation of paw flinching and licking in the formalin intraplantar injection model, and the von Frey hypernociception test. Therefore, BCP and DHA, either administered individually or combined, demonstrate potent anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects.
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Abstract
There is a growing awareness of the importance of sex and gender in medicine and research. Women typically have stronger immune responses to self and foreign antigens than men, resulting in sex-based differences in autoimmunity and infectious diseases. In both animals and humans, males are generally more susceptible than females to bacterial infections. At the same time, gender differences in health-seeking behavior, quality of health care, and adherence to treatment recommendations have been reported. This review explores our current understanding of differences between males and females in bacterial diseases. We describe how genetic, immunological, hormonal, and anatomical factors interact to influence sex-based differences in pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, disease severity, and prognosis, and how gender roles affect the behavior of patients and providers in the health care system.
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23
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Kan S, Li Q, Li HM, Yao YH, Du XY, Wu CY, Chen GJ, Guo XK, Qian MB, Wang ZJ. Clonorchis sinensis infection modulates key cytokines for essential immune response impacted by sex. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010726. [PMID: 36083861 PMCID: PMC9462580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with helminths can modulate the host immune response, which ultimately shape morbidity and mortality of the associated diseases. We studied key cytokines for essential immune response in sera from 229 southeastern China individuals infected with Clonorchis sinensis and 60 individuals without C. sinensis infection, and measured serum specific IgG and IgE against worms in these people. Individuals infected with C. sinensis had significantly higher antigen-specific IgG and IgE levels, which were positively correlated with egg counts in feces. However, less enhancement of IgE antibody was observed in females when compared to males with similar infection levels. C. sinensis infection caused diminished Th1 cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-12p70, IFN-γ and TNF-α), Th2 cytokine (IL-4), as well as Th17 cytokine (IL-17A) in sera, which showed decreasing trend by infection intensity. Notably, these phenotypes were more significant in females than those in males. Although C. sinensis infection is associated with the development of hepatobiliary diseases, there was no significant correlation between the dampened cytokine profiles and the hepatobiliary morbidities. Our study indicates C. sinensis infection is strongly related to the immune suppression in human. Sex differences shape the immune milieus of clonorchiasis. This study provides a better understanding of how worms affect immune responses and cause a long-term immune alternation in humans with C. sinensis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Kan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research-Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research-Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Mei Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Hua Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Yue Du
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Yun Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Jie Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Kui Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research-Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Men-Bao Qian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research-Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (MBQ); (ZJW)
| | - Zhao-Jun Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research-Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (MBQ); (ZJW)
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Corica B, Tartaglia F, D'Amico T, Romiti GF, Cangemi R. Sex and gender differences in community-acquired pneumonia. Intern Emerg Med 2022; 17:1575-1588. [PMID: 35852675 PMCID: PMC9294783 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-022-02999-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Awareness of the influence of sex ands gender on the natural history of several diseases is increasing. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the most common acute respiratory disease, and it is associated with both morbidity and mortality across all age groups. Although a role for sex- and gender-based differences in the development and associated complications of CAP has been postulated, there is currently high uncertainty on the actual contribution of these factors in the epidemiology and clinical course of CAP. More evidence has been produced on the topic during the last decades, and sex- and gender-based differences have also been extensively studied in COVID-19 patients since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. This review aims to provide an extensive outlook of the role of sex and gender in the epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment, and outcomes of patients with CAP, and on the future research scenarios, with also a specific focus on COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Corica
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza-University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00162, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Tartaglia
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza-University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00162, Rome, Italy
| | - Tania D'Amico
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza-University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00162, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Francesco Romiti
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza-University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00162, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Cangemi
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza-University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00162, Rome, Italy.
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Holder ER, Alibhai FJ, Caudle SL, McDermott JC, Tobin SW. The importance of biological sex in cardiac cachexia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H609-H627. [PMID: 35960634 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00187.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac cachexia is a catabolic muscle wasting syndrome observed in approximately 1 in 10 heart failure patients. Increased skeletal muscle atrophy leads to frailty and limits mobility which impacts quality of life, exacerbates clinical care, and is associated with higher rates of mortality. Heart failure is known to exhibit a wide range of prevalence and severity when examined across individuals of different ages and with co-morbidities related to diabetes, renal failure and pulmonary dysfunction. It is also recognized that men and women exhibit striking differences in the pathophysiology of heart failure as well as skeletal muscle homeostasis. Given that both skeletal muscle and heart failure physiology are in-part sex dependent, the diagnosis and treatment of cachexia in heart failure patients may depend on a comprehensive examination of how these organs interact. In this review we explore the potential for sex-specific differences in cardiac cachexia. We summarize advantages and disadvantages of clinical methods used to measure muscle mass and function and provide alternative measurements that should be considered in preclinical studies. Additionally, we summarize sex-dependent effects on muscle wasting in preclinical models of heart failure, disuse, and cancer. Lastly, we discuss the endocrine function of the heart and outline unanswered questions that could directly impact patient care.
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26
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Dhaduk K, Khosla J, Hussain M, Mangaroliya V, Chauhan S, Ashish K, Gupta R, Pal S. COVID-19 vaccination and myocarditis: A review of current literature. World J Virol 2022; 11:170-175. [PMID: 36159608 PMCID: PMC9372786 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v11.i4.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a critical strategy in controlling the current pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). After widespread COVID-19 vaccine imple-mentation, isolated case reports about myocarditis as a potential adverse reaction started coming. As of November 12, 2021, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has reported 1793 cases of myocarditis or pericarditis among young people with age 12-29 years, most cases have been reported in the male adolescent age group after the second dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. It is very important to monitor the safety standards and adverse reactions of vaccines to effectively implement the vaccination policies. The CDC and the United States Food and Drug Administration actively monitor vaccine-associated adverse reactions a well-known platform such as Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System. CDC continues to recommend COVID-19 vaccines and booster doses for eligible individuals (age limit according to the type of vaccine) after careful consideration from risk-benefit assessment and favorable outcomes from vaccination. Mechanisms behind COVID-19 vaccine-induced myocarditis are not clear yet but several possibilities such as molecular mimicry between the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and self-antigens, immune response to mRNA, and activation of host immunological system, trigger of the pre-existing dysregulated immunological system have been documented in the literature. Overall, data suggests a good prognosis, especially in young patients. In this review article, we cover currently available data on COVID-19 vaccine-related myocarditis incidence, concerns, possible mechanisms of myocarditis, current treatment, and outcome trends, risk vs benefit assessment of COVID-19 vaccination in this current pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Dhaduk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geisinger Wyoming Valley Medical Center, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18702, United States
| | - Jagjit Khosla
- Department of Cardiology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma, OK 73019, United States
| | - Muzna Hussain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geisinger Wyoming Valley Medical Center, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18702, United States
| | - Vrunda Mangaroliya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geisinger Wyoming Valley Medical Center, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18702, United States
| | - Shaylika Chauhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geisinger Wyoming Valley Medical Center, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18702, United States
| | - Kumar Ashish
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carolina East Medical Center, North Carolina, NC 28560, United States
| | - Rahul Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States
| | - Suman Pal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, New Mexico, NM 87106, United States
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Sex-dependent effect of aging on calcium signaling and expression of TRPM2 and CRAC channels in human neutrophils. Hum Immunol 2022; 83:645-655. [PMID: 35660323 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The vulnerability of older adults to bacterial infections has been associated with age-related changes in neutrophils. We analyzed the consequences of aging on calcium (Ca2+) mobilization and TRPM2 and CRAC channels expression in human neutrophils. The percentages of granulocytes, mature neutrophils, and neutrophil precursors were equivalent between young and older adults. However, neutrophil chemotaxis towards IL-8, C5a, or fMLP was lower in older adults of both sexes. Interestingly, a stronger Ca2+ transient followed by an identical Ca2+ influx to IL-8 was observed in older adult females. In addition, the Ca2+ response to LPS was delayed and prolonged in neutrophils of older adult males. There was no significant difference in Ca2+ response to fMLP, C5a, or store-operated Ca2+ entry in the older adults. There were also no differences in the expression of CXCR2, CD88, FPLR1, and TLR4. Interestingly, TRPM2- and ORAI1-mRNA expression was lower in neutrophils of older adults, mainly in females. Both channels were detected intracellularly in the neutrophils. TRPM2 was in late endosomes in young adults and in lysosomes in older adult neutrophils. In summary, defective neutrophil chemotaxis in aging seemed not to stem from alterations in Ca2+ signals; nevertheless, the low TRPM2 and ORAI1 expression may affect other functions.
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28
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Arroyo E, Tagesen EC, Hart TL, Miller BA, Jajtner AR. Comparison of the lymphocyte response to interval exercise versus continuous exercise in recreationally trained men. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 20:100415. [PMID: 35112091 PMCID: PMC8790298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to compare changes in circulating lymphocyte subset cell counts between high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), sprint interval exercise (SIE), and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE). Recreationally active men (n = 11; age: 23 ± 4 yr; height: 179.9 ± 4.5 cm; body mass: 79.8 ± 8.7 kg; body fat %:12.6 ± 3.8%; V̇O2max: 46.6 ± 3.9 ml⋅kg-1⋅min-1) completed a maximal graded exercise test to determine maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) and three duration-matched cycling trials (HIIE, SIE, and MICE) in a randomized, counterbalanced fashion. HIIE consisted of fifteen 90-s bouts at 85% V̇O2max interspersed with 90-s active recovery periods. SIE consisted of fifteen 20-s bouts at 130% maximal power and 160-s active recovery periods. MICE was a continuous bout at 65% V̇O2max. Total exercise duration was 53 min in all three trials, including warm-up and cool-down. Blood was collected before, immediately post, 30 min, 2 h, 6 h, and 24 h post-exercise. Changes in lymphocyte subset counts, and surface expression of various markers were analyzed via flow cytometry. Changes were assessed using mixed model regression analysis with an autoregressive first order repeated measures correction. Significant decreases were observed in absolute counts of CD56dim NK cells, CD19+ B cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells 30 min and 24-h post-exercise in all three trials. Despite resulting in greater total work and oxygen consumption, MICE elicited similar changes in lymphocyte subset counts and receptor expression compared to both SIE and HIIE. Similarly, while the two interval trials resulted in differing oxygen consumption and total work, no differences in the lymphocyte response were observed. Though both forms of exercise resulted in declines in circulating lymphocyte cell counts, neither exercise type provides an immune-related advantage when matched for duration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Adam R. Jajtner
- Exercise Science Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
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Varghese M, Clemente J, Lerner A, Abrishami S, Islam M, Subbaiah P, Singer K. Monocyte Trafficking and Polarization Contribute to Sex Differences in Meta-Inflammation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:826320. [PMID: 35422759 PMCID: PMC9001155 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.826320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with systemic inflammation and immune cell recruitment to metabolic tissues. Sex differences have been observed where male mice challenged with high fat diet (HFD) exhibit greater adipose tissue inflammation than females demonstrating a role for sex hormones in differential inflammatory responses. Circulating monocytes that respond to dietary lipids and chemokines and produce cytokines are the primary source of recruited adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs). In this study, we investigated sexual dimorphism in biological pathways in HFD-fed ATMs from male and female mice by RNA-seq. We also conducted chemotaxis assays to investigate sex differences in the migration of monocytes isolated from bone marrow from male and female mice toward a dietary saturated lipid - palmitate (PA), and a chemokine - monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1), factors known to stimulate myeloid cells in obesity. ATM RNA-Seq demonstrated sex differences of both metabolic and inflammatory activation, including pathways for chemokine signaling and leukocyte trans-endothelial migration. In vivo monocyte transfer studies demonstrated that male monocytes traffic to female adipose tissue to generate ATMs more readily. In chemotaxis assays, lean male monocytes migrated in greater numbers than females toward PA and MCP1. With short-term HFD, male and female monocytes migrated similarly, but in chronic HFD, male monocytes showed greater migration than females upon PA and MCP1 stimulation. Studies with monocytes from toll-like receptor 4 knockout mice (Tlr4-/- ) demonstrated that both males and females showed decreased migration than WT in response to PA and MCP1 implying a role for TLR4 in monocyte influx in response to meta-inflammation. Overall, these data demonstrate the role of sexual dimorphism in monocyte recruitment and response to metabolic stimuli that may influence meta-inflammation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mita Varghese
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jeremy Clemente
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Arianna Lerner
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Simin Abrishami
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mohammed Islam
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Perla Subbaiah
- Department of Statistics and Mathematics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Kanakadurga Singer
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Kanakadurga Singer,
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30
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Shireman JM, Ammanuel S, Eickhoff JC, Dey M. Sexual dimorphism of the immune system predicts clinical outcomes in glioblastoma immunotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurooncol Adv 2022; 4:vdac082. [PMID: 35821678 PMCID: PMC9268746 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdac082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biological differences based on sex have been documented throughout the scientific literature. Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, has a male sex incidence bias, however, no clinical trial data examining differential effects of treatment between sexes currently exists. Method We analyzed genomic data, as well as clinical trials, to delineate the effect of sex on the immune system and GBM outcome following immunotherapy. Results We found that in general females possess enriched immunological signatures on gene set enrichment analysis, which also stratified patient survival when delineated by sex. Female GBM patients treated with immunotherapy had a statistically significant survival advantage at the 1-year compared to males (relative risk [RR] = 1.15; P = .0241). This effect was even more pronounced in vaccine-based immunotherapy (RR = 1.29; P = .0158). Conclusions Our study shows a meaningful difference in the immunobiology between males and females that also influences the overall response to immunotherapy in the setting of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack M Shireman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, UW Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Simon Ammanuel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, UW Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jens C Eickhoff
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mahua Dey
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, UW Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Oliveira HBM, das Neves Selis N, Brito TLS, Sampaio BA, de Souza Bittencourt R, Oliveira CNT, Júnior MNS, Almeida CF, Almeida PP, Campos GB, Amorim AT, Timenetsky J, Romano CC, Uetanabaro APT, Yatsuda R, Marques LM. Citral modulates human monocyte responses to Staphylococcus aureus infection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22029. [PMID: 34764372 PMCID: PMC8586039 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium that is considered an important human pathogen. Due to its virulence and ability to acquire mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics, the clinical severity of S. aureus infection is driven by inflammatory responses to the bacteria. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the modulating role of citral in inflammation caused by S. aureus infection. For this, we used an isolate obtained from a nasal swab sample of a healthy child attending a day-care centre in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil. The role of citral in modulating immunological factors against S. aureus infection was evaluated by isolating and cultivating human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The monocytes were treated with 4%, 2%, and 1% citral before and after inoculation with S. aureus. The cells were analysed by immunophenotyping of monocyte cell surface molecules (CD54, CD282, CD80, HLA-DR, and CD86) and cytokine dosage (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-23, IFN-γ, TGF-β, and TNF-α), and evaluated for the expression of 84 genes related to innate and adaptive immune system responses. GraphPad Prism software and variables with P values < 0.05, were used for statistical analysis. Our data demonstrated citral’s action on the expression of surface markers involved in recognition, presentation, and migration, such as CD14, CD54, and CD80, in global negative regulation of inflammation with inhibitory effects on NF-κB, JNK/p38, and IFN pathways. Consequently, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-23, IFN-γ, and TNF-α cytokine expression was reduced in groups treated with citral and groups treated with citral at 4%, 2%, and 1% and infected, and levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 were increased. Furthermore, citral could be used as a supporting anti-inflammatory agent against infections caused by S. aureus. There are no data correlating citral, S. aureus, and the markers analysed here; thus, our study addresses this gap in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan das Neves Selis
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rod. Jorge Amado, Km a6, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, 55662-900, Brazil
| | - Thamara Louisy Santos Brito
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Almeida Sampaio
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Rafaela de Souza Bittencourt
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Caline Novais Teixeira Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rod. Jorge Amado, Km a6, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, 55662-900, Brazil.,Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Manoel Neres Santos Júnior
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rod. Jorge Amado, Km a6, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, 55662-900, Brazil
| | - Carolline Florentino Almeida
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Palloma Porto Almeida
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal da Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, CEP: 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Barreto Campos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Aline Teixeira Amorim
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 2415, Butantã, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Jorge Timenetsky
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 2415, Butantã, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Carla Cristina Romano
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rod. Jorge Amado, Km a6, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, 55662-900, Brazil
| | | | - Regiane Yatsuda
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Lucas Miranda Marques
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rod. Jorge Amado, Km a6, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, 55662-900, Brazil. .,Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil.
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32
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Ryan L, Mills KHG. Sex differences regulate immune responses in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. Eur J Immunol 2021; 52:24-33. [PMID: 34727577 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
MS is an autoimmune disease of the CNS that afflicts over 2.5 million people worldwide. There are striking sex differences in the susceptibility to and progression of this disease in humans. Females are twice as likely to develop MS than males, whereas disease progression and disability is more rapid in males compared with females; however, the latter is still controversial. There is growing evidence, mainly from animal models, that innate and adaptive immune responses are different in males and females, and that this can influence the outcome of a range of diseases including infection, cancer, and autoimmunity. Since MS is an immune-mediated disease, sex differences in pathogenic immune responses may account for some of the differences in susceptibility to and progression seen in men versus women. Indeed, data from the mouse model of MS, EAE, have already provided some evidence that female mice have earlier disease onset associated with stronger Th17 responses. This review will discuss the possible immunological basis of sex differences in susceptibility and disease outcome in EAE and MS and how a better understanding of sex differences in the responses to disease-modifying therapies may lead to improved patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Ryan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Kingston H G Mills
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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33
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Hajjo R, Sabbah DA, Bardaweel SK, Tropsha A. Shedding the Light on Post-Vaccine Myocarditis and Pericarditis in COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Vaccine Recipients. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101186. [PMID: 34696294 PMCID: PMC8541143 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis and pericarditis have been linked recently to COVID-19 vaccines without exploring the underlying mechanisms, or compared to cardiac adverse events post-non-COVID-19 vaccines. We introduce an informatics approach to study post-vaccine adverse events on the systems biology level to aid the prioritization of effective preventive measures and mechanism-based pharmacotherapy by integrating the analysis of adverse event reports from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) with systems biology methods. Our results indicated that post-vaccine myocarditis and pericarditis were associated most frequently with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines followed by live or live-attenuated non-COVID-19 vaccines such as smallpox and anthrax vaccines. The frequencies of cardiac adverse events were affected by vaccine, vaccine type, vaccine dose, sex, and age of the vaccinated individuals. Systems biology results suggested a central role of interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) in the biological processes leading to cardiac adverse events, by impacting MAPK and JAK-STAT signaling pathways. We suggest that increasing the time interval between vaccine doses minimizes the risks of developing inflammatory adverse reactions. We also propose glucocorticoids as preferred treatments based on system biology evidence. Our informatics workflow provides an invaluable tool to study post-vaccine adverse events on the systems biology level to suggest effective mechanism-based pharmacotherapy and/or suitable preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Hajjo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan;
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carlina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27515, USA;
- National Center for Epidemics and Communicable Disease Control, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Correspondence:
| | - Dima A. Sabbah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan;
| | - Sanaa K. Bardaweel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Alexander Tropsha
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carlina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27515, USA;
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34
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GJA1 Expression and Left Atrial Remodeling in the Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101463. [PMID: 34680580 PMCID: PMC8533106 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is an important risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF). GJA1 gene encoding connexin43, a major protein in cardiac gap junctions, plays a crucial role in the synchronized contraction of the heart and in cardiac arrhythmia. However, little is known regarding the role of GJA1 expression in the incidence of AF in patients with OSAS. All prospectively enrolled OSAS patients underwent polysomnography, electrocardiography, a 24-h Holter test, and echocardiography. Moderate-to-severe OSAS was defined as an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 15. Exosomes were purified from the plasma of all OSAS patients and incubated in HL-1 cells to investigate the effect of exosomes from patients with and without AF on GJA1 expression. A total of 129 patients were recruited for this study; 26 were excluded due to an AHI < 15. Of the 103 enrolled patients, 21 had AF, and 82 did not. Multivariate analysis showed diabetes mellitus, lower sleep efficiency, lower left ventricular ejection fraction, and larger left atrial (LA) size were independent predictors of AF occurrence in OSAS patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for LA with a size ≥38.5 mm for predicting AF occurrence in OSAS patients was 0.795 (95% confidence interval [0.666, 0.925]); p < 0.001). GJA1 expression in HL-1 cells incubated with exosomes from OSAS patients with AF was lower than that with exosomes from patients without AF after controlling for age and sex and was negatively correlated with the AHI and oxygen desaturation index (ODI), especially during the non-rapid eye movement period (NREM) of OSAS patients with AF (all p < 0.05). LA size was an independent predictor of AF occurrence in OSAS patients. The AHI and ODI in the NREM period of OSAS patients with AF were negatively correlated with GJA1 expression in HL-1 cells, which offers a hint that GJA1 may play a crucial role in the development of AF in patients with OSAS.
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35
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Silva-Lagos LA, Pillay J, van Meurs M, Smink A, van der Voort PHJ, de Vos P. DAMPening COVID-19 Severity by Attenuating Danger Signals. Front Immunol 2021; 12:720192. [PMID: 34456928 PMCID: PMC8397524 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.720192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 might lead to multi-organ failure and, in some cases, to death. The COVID-19 severity is associated with a “cytokine storm.” Danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are proinflammatory molecules that can activate pattern recognition receptors, such as toll-like receptors (TLRs). DAMPs and TLRs have not received much attention in COVID-19 but can explain some of the gender-, weight- and age-dependent effects. In females and males, TLRs are differentially expressed, likely contributing to higher COVID-19 severity in males. DAMPs and cytokines associated with COVID-19 mortality are elevated in obese and elderly individuals, which might explain the higher risk for severer COVID-19 in these groups. Adenosine signaling inhibits the TLR/NF-κB pathway and, through this, decreases inflammation and DAMPs’ effects. As vaccines will not be effective in all susceptible individuals and as new vaccine-resistant SARS-CoV-2 mutants might develop, it remains mandatory to find means to dampen COVID-19 disease severity, especially in high-risk groups. We propose that the regulation of DAMPs via adenosine signaling enhancement might be an effective way to lower the severity of COVID-19 and prevent multiple organ failure in the absence of severe side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Silva-Lagos
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Janesh Pillay
- Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Matijs van Meurs
- Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Smink
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Peter H J van der Voort
- Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, Netherlands
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36
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Buters TP, Hameeteman PW, Jansen IME, van Hindevoort FC, Ten Voorde W, Florencia E, Osse M, de Kam ML, Grievink HW, Schoonakker M, Patel AA, Yona S, Gilroy DW, Lubberts E, Damman J, Feiss G, Rissmann R, Jansen MAA, Burggraaf J, Moerland M. Intradermal lipopolysaccharide challenge as an acute in vivo inflammatory model in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 88:680-690. [PMID: 34293819 PMCID: PMC9290695 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Whereas intravenous administration of Toll‐like receptor 4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to human volunteers is frequently used in clinical pharmacology studies, systemic use of LPS has practical limitations. We aimed to characterize the intradermal LPS response in healthy volunteers, and as such qualify the method as local inflammation model for clinical pharmacology studies. Methods Eighteen healthy male volunteers received 2 or 4 intradermal 5 ng LPS injections and 1 saline injection on the forearms. The LPS response was evaluated by noninvasive (perfusion, skin temperature and erythema) and invasive assessments (cellular and cytokine responses) in skin biopsy and blister exudate. Results LPS elicited a visible response and returned to baseline at 48 hours. Erythema, perfusion and temperature were statistically significant (P < .0001) over a 24‐hour time course compared to saline. The protein response was dominated by an acute interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8 and tumour necrosis factor response followed by IL‐1β, IL‐10 and interferon‐γ. The cellular response consisted of an acute neutrophil influx followed by different monocyte subsets and dendritic cells. Discussion Intradermal LPS administration in humans causes an acute, localized and transient inflammatory reaction that is well‐tolerated by healthy volunteers. This may be a valuable inflammation model for evaluating the pharmacological activity of anti‐inflammatory investigational compounds in proof of pharmacology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Buters
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Wouter Ten Voorde
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin Florencia
- Department of Dermatology Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle Osse
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Amit A Patel
- Department Experimental & Translational Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Simon Yona
- Department Experimental & Translational Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Derek W Gilroy
- Department Experimental & Translational Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Erik Lubberts
- Department of Rheumatology Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Damman
- Department of Pathology Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gary Feiss
- Cutanea Life Sciences, Wayne, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert Rissmann
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jacobus Burggraaf
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Moerland
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Gay L, Melenotte C, Lakbar I, Mezouar S, Devaux C, Raoult D, Bendiane MK, Leone M, Mège JL. Sexual Dimorphism and Gender in Infectious Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:698121. [PMID: 34367158 PMCID: PMC8339590 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.698121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies and clinical observations show evidence of sexual dimorphism in infectious diseases. Women are at less risk than men when it comes to developing most infectious diseases. However, understanding these observations requires a gender approach that takes into account an analysis of both biological and social factors. The host’s response to infection differs in males and females because sex differences have an impact on hormonal and chromosomal control of immunity. Estradiol appears to confer protective immunity, while progesterone and testosterone suppress anti-infectious responses. In addition, genetic factors, including those associated with sex chromosomes, also affect susceptibility to infections. Finally, differences in occupational activities, lifestyle, and comorbidities play major roles in exposure to pathogens and management of diseases. Hence, considering sexual dimorphism as a critical variable for infectious diseases should be one of the steps taken toward developing personalized therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Gay
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Cléa Melenotte
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Economy and Social Science, Health Care Systems and Societies, Marseille, France
| | - Ines Lakbar
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Hôpital Nord, Aix-Marseille Univ, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Soraya Mezouar
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Christian Devaux
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Marc-Karim Bendiane
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Economy and Social Science, Health Care Systems and Societies, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Leone
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Hôpital Nord, Aix-Marseille Univ, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mège
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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38
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Souza CLSE, Barbosa CD, Coelho HILN, Santos Júnior MN, Barbosa EN, Queiroz ÉC, Teles MF, Dos Santos DC, Bittencourt RS, Soares TDJ, Oliveira MV, Timenetsky J, Campos GB, Marques LM. Effects of 17β-Estradiol on Monocyte/Macrophage Response to Staphylococcus aureus: An In Vitro Study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:701391. [PMID: 34336722 PMCID: PMC8317603 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.701391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
To describe how 17β-estradiol (E2) influence in the monocyte/macrophage response induced by S. aureus in in vitro models of murine peritoneal macrophages (MPMs) and human peripheral blood monocytes (HPBM). MPMs (2 x 105/ml) were isolated from sham (n=3) and ovariectomized (OVX) females (n = 3) and males (n = 3) after induction by thioglycolate. The MPMs obtained from OVX females and males were treated for 24 hours with 17β-estradiol (E2) (10-7 M), and after that, inoculation with S. aureus was carried out for 6 hours. The macrophages were collected and destined to evaluate the relative gene expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TLR2. For the in vitro model of HPBMs, six men and six women of childbearing age were selected and HPBMs were isolated from samples of the volunteers’ peripheral blood. In women, blood was collected both during menstruation and in the periovulatory period. HPBMs were inoculated with S. aureus for 6 hours and the supernatant was collected for analysis of cytokines by Luminex and the HPBMs were removed for analysis of 84 genes involved in the host’s response to bacterial infections by RT-PCR array. Previous treatment with E2 decreased the gene expression and production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 and decreased the expression of TLR2 tanto em MPMs quanto em HPBMs. The analysis of gene expression shows that E2 inhibited the NFκB pathway. It is suggested that 17β-estradiol acts as an immunoprotective in the monocyte/macrophage response induced by S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Leal Silva E Souza
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Vitória da Conquista, Brazil.,Santo Agostinho School of Health (FASA), Santo Agostinho Colleges, Afya Educational, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Camila Dutra Barbosa
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Hanna I L N Coelho
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Manoel N Santos Júnior
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Vitória da Conquista, Brazil.,University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Elaine Novaes Barbosa
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Éllunny Chaves Queiroz
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Mauro Fernandes Teles
- Santo Agostinho School of Health (FASA), Santo Agostinho Colleges, Afya Educational, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Déborah Cruz Dos Santos
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Souza Bittencourt
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Telma de Jesus Soares
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge Timenetsky
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Barreto Campos
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Lucas Miranda Marques
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Vitória da Conquista, Brazil.,University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Campesi I, Montella A, Franconi F. Human monocytes respond to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in a sex-dependent manner. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:580-588. [PMID: 34252202 PMCID: PMC9292909 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Monocytes play a critical role in inflammation and immune response, their activity being sex‐dependent. However, the basis of sex differences is not well understood. Therefore, we investigated the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) effects on tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) release, autophagy, and chemotaxis in freshly isolated monocytes from healthy young men and women. In basal conditions, male and female monocytes had similar TNF‐α release, chemotaxis, and estrogen receptors (ER‐α) and ER‐β expression, while the LC3II/I ratio was significantly higher in males. LPS treatment induced qualitative and quantitative sex differences. It reduced autophagy and increased TNF‐α release only in male monocytes, while, chemotaxis was significantly influenced only in female cells. Moreover, it reduced the expression of ER‐α only in female cells, while ER‐β expression was reduced in both sexes, but more markedly in female cells. Finally, the interplay between LPS treatment and 17‐β‐estradiol (E2) was present only in female cells. Globally, these findings expand the concept that sex plays a role in regulating monocytes' functions, being sex differences cell‐ and parameter‐specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Campesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università Degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Laboratorio Nazionale di Medicina e Farmacologia di Genere, Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture Biosistemi, Sassari, Italy
| | - Andrea Montella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università Degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Flavia Franconi
- Laboratorio Nazionale di Medicina e Farmacologia di Genere, Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture Biosistemi, Sassari, Italy
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Caldwell JZ, Kinney JW, Ritter A, Salazar A, Wong CG, Cordes D, Slavich GM. Inflammatory cytokine levels implicated in Alzheimer's disease moderate the effects of sex on verbal memory performance. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 95:27-35. [PMID: 33301871 PMCID: PMC8793982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite having an initial verbal memory advantage over men, women have greater rates of Alzheimer's disease and more rapid cognitive decline once diagnosed. Moreover, although Alzheimer's disease is influenced by inflammation, which itself has known sex differences, no study has investigated whether sex differences in memory are moderated by peripheral inflammatory activity. To address this issue, we analyzed data from 109 individuals (50 women, Mage = 71.62, range = 55-87) diagnosed as cognitively normal, or having mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease dementia. We then followed the sample for 12 months, as part of a longitudinal study of aging and Alzheimer's disease. At baseline, we assessed levels of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in plasma. At baseline and 12 months, we assessed verbal memory using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and nonverbal memory using the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised. As hypothesized, for the full sample, women exhibited stronger verbal (but not nonverbal) memory than men. In women, but not men, higher IL-1β at baseline related to poorer verbal learning across both time points and delayed recall at 12 months. The effect of sex on memory also differed by IL-1β level, with women exhibiting a memory advantage both at baseline and 12 months, but only for those with low-to-moderate IL-1β levels. Therefore, high peripheral inflammation levels may lead to a sex-specific memory vulnerability relevant for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Z.K. Caldwell
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA,Corresponding author. (J.Z.K. Caldwell)
| | | | - Aaron Ritter
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Arnold Salazar
- Department of Brain Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Christina G. Wong
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Dietmar Cordes
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - George M. Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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de Brito Sousa K, de Fátima Teixeira da Silva D, Rodrigues MFSD, Garcia MP, de Oliveira Rodini C, Mesquita-Ferrari RA, Hamblin MR, Bussadori SK, Nunes FD, Fernandes KPS. Effects of the phenotypic polarization state of human leukocytes on the optical absorbance spectrum. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202000487. [PMID: 33638279 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the optical absorbance spectrum of human monocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes polarized, or not, to the inflammatory or immunoregulatory phenotypes. Peripheral human blood leukocytes were isolated and polarized (10 ng/mL) with LPS or IL-4 + LPS for 2 hours. After polarization, cells were washed and incubated for an additional 24 hours (monocytes and lymphocytes) or 12 hours (neutrophils). Next, cells were collected to evaluate the optical absorbance spectrum. The three types of leukocytes exhibited absorbance in the region from 450 to 900 nm, with greater absorbance at wavelengths lower than 570 nm. Lymphocytes had a second region of greater absorbance between 770 and 900 nm. Inflammatory monocytes and lymphocytes showed increased absorbance of blue, green and yellow wavelengths (monocytes), as well as red and infrared wavelengths (monocytes and lymphocytes). Immunoregulatory polarization altered the absorbance of monocytes and lymphocytes very little. Neutrophils treated with LPS or LPS + IL-4 exhibited lower absorbance at wavelengths higher than 575 nm compared to untreated cells. The present findings showed that leukocytes exhibit greater absorbance in regions of the spectrum that have not been much used in photobiomodulation (PBM), and the polarization of these cells can affect their capacity to absorb light. Taken together, these results suggest new perspectives in the use of PBM in the clinical setting depending on the wavelengths and the stage of the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaline de Brito Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University/UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mónica Pereira Garcia
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University/UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina de Oliveira Rodini
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University/UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University/UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University/UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University/UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University/UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Daumas Nunes
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental School, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Mygind L, Bergh MSS, Tejsi V, Vaitheeswaran R, Lambertsen KL, Finsen B, Metaxas A. Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Is Required for Spatial Learning and Memory in Male Mice under Physiological, but Not Immune-Challenged Conditions. Cells 2021; 10:608. [PMID: 33803476 PMCID: PMC8002217 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrates that inflammatory cytokines-such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-are produced at low levels in the brain under physiological conditions and may be crucial for synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, learning and memory. Here, we examined the effects of developmental TNF deletion on spatial learning and memory using 11-13-month-old TNF knockout (KO) and C57BL6/J wild-type (WT) mice. The animals were tested in the Barnes maze (BM) arena under baseline conditions and 48 h following an injection of the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which was administered at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg. Vehicle-treated KO mice were impaired compared to WT mice during the acquisition and memory-probing phases of the BM test. No behavioral differences were observed between WT and TNF-KO mice after LPS treatment. Moreover, there were no differences in the hippocampal content of glutamate and noradrenaline between groups. The effects of TNF deletion on spatial learning and memory were observed in male, but not female mice, which were not different compared to WT mice under baseline conditions. These results indicate that TNF is required for spatial learning and memory in male mice under physiological, non-inflammatory conditions, however not following the administration of LPS. Inflammatory signalling can thereby modulate spatial cognition in male subjects, highlighting the importance of sex- and probably age-stratified analysis when examining the role of TNF in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leda Mygind
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 25, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (L.M.); (V.T.); (R.V.); (K.L.L.)
- BRIDGE—Brain Research Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 19, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Marianne Skov-Skov Bergh
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Loviseberggata, 60456 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Vivien Tejsi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 25, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (L.M.); (V.T.); (R.V.); (K.L.L.)
- BRIDGE—Brain Research Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 19, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Ramanan Vaitheeswaran
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 25, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (L.M.); (V.T.); (R.V.); (K.L.L.)
- BRIDGE—Brain Research Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 19, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Kate L. Lambertsen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 25, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (L.M.); (V.T.); (R.V.); (K.L.L.)
- BRIDGE—Brain Research Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 19, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Bente Finsen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 25, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (L.M.); (V.T.); (R.V.); (K.L.L.)
- BRIDGE—Brain Research Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 19, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Athanasios Metaxas
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 25, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (L.M.); (V.T.); (R.V.); (K.L.L.)
- BRIDGE—Brain Research Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 19, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
- School of Science, Department of Life Sciences, European University Cyprus, 6 Diogenis Str., Nicosia 1516, Cyprus
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Arroyo E, Laudato JA, Gibson BM, Dulaney CS, Vaughan JA, Followay BN, Glickman EL, Jajtner AR. Tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF receptor, and soluble TNF receptor responses to aerobic exercise in the heat. Cytokine X 2021; 2:100033. [PMID: 33604558 PMCID: PMC7885885 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytox.2020.100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise in the heat promotes modest increases in plasma TNF-α and STNFR1. Increases in TNF-α and STNFR1 are likely driven by changes in core temperature. TNFR1 and 2 expression on non-classical monocytes is blunted one hour post-exercise. TNFR1 expression on non-classical monocytes is elevated during exercise in the heat.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of aerobic exercise in the heat on circulating concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, soluble TNF receptors (STNFR1&2), and surface expression of TNFR1&2 on monocyte subpopulations. Twelve recreationally active Caucasian men (24.4 ± 3.4 yrs.; 180.0 ± 6.8 cm; 81.5 ± 8.0 kg; 47.2 ± 4.8 mL·kg−1·min−1) completed an exercise protocol in three environmental conditions: high temperature/low humidity [HTLH; 35 °C, 20% relative humidity (RH)]; high temperature/moderate humidity (HTMH; 35 °C, 45%RH); and moderate temperature/moderate humidity (MTMH; 22 °C, 45%RH). Each protocol consisted of a 60-minute cycling trial at 60% VO2max, a 15-minute rest, and a time-to-exhaustion trial at 90% VO2max (TTE). Blood was sampled before (PRE), immediately after (POST) the 60-minute trial, immediately post-TTE (PTTE), and one-hour post-TTE (REC). Circulating TNF-α and STNFR1&2 were assayed. TNFR1&2 expression on monocyte subsets was measured by flow cytometry on a subset of participants (n = 8). TNF-α area under the curve with respect to increase (AUCi) was greater during HTMH compared to MTMH and HTLH. STNFR1 concentration was greater during HTMH compared to MTMH. With all trials combined, STNFR1 concentration increased from PRE to POST, PTTE, and REC. TNFR1 expression on non-classical monocytes was greater during HTMH compared to HTLH while TNFR2 expression was lower during HTLH compared to both MTMH and HTMH. Data suggest that exercise in the heat increases circulating TNF-α and STNFR1 concentration concomitantly. Furthermore, non-classical monocyte expression of TNFRs are impacted by temperature and humidity during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliott Arroyo
- Exercise Science Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Cody S Dulaney
- Exercise Science Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | - Adam R Jajtner
- Exercise Science Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
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Stein MM, Conery M, Magnaye KM, Clay SM, Billstrand C, Nicolae R, Naughton K, Ober C, Thompson EE. Sex-specific differences in peripheral blood leukocyte transcriptional response to LPS are enriched for HLA region and X chromosome genes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1107. [PMID: 33441806 PMCID: PMC7806814 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80145-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex-specific differences in prevalence are well documented for many common, complex diseases, especially for immune-mediated diseases, yet the precise mechanisms through which factors associated with biological sex exert their effects throughout life are not well understood. We interrogated sex-specific transcriptional responses of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) to innate immune stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in 46 male and 66 female members of the Hutterite community, who practice a communal lifestyle. We identified 1217 autosomal and 54 X-linked genes with sex-specific responses to LPS, as well as 71 autosomal and one X-linked sex-specific expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). Despite a similar proportion of the 15 HLA genes responding to LPS compared to all expressed autosomal genes, there was a significant over-representation of genes with sex by treatment interactions among HLA genes. We also observed an enrichment of sex-specific differentially expressed genes in response to LPS for X-linked genes compared to autosomal genes, suggesting that HLA and X-linked genes may disproportionately contribute to sex disparities in risk for immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Stein
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Mitch Conery
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Kevin M Magnaye
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Selene M Clay
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | | | - Raluca Nicolae
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Katherine Naughton
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Emma E Thompson
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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45
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Dudek KA, Dion‐Albert L, Kaufmann FN, Tuck E, Lebel M, Menard C. Neurobiology of resilience in depression: immune and vascular insights from human and animal studies. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:183-221. [PMID: 31421056 PMCID: PMC7891571 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic and recurrent psychiatric condition characterized by depressed mood, social isolation and anhedonia. It will affect 20% of individuals with considerable economic impacts. Unfortunately, 30-50% of depressed individuals are resistant to current antidepressant treatments. MDD is twice as prevalent in women and associated symptoms are different. Depression's main environmental risk factor is chronic stress, and women report higher levels of stress in daily life. However, not every stressed individual becomes depressed, highlighting the need to identify biological determinants of stress vulnerability but also resilience. Based on a reverse translational approach, rodent models of depression were developed to study the mechanisms underlying susceptibility vs resilience. Indeed, a subpopulation of animals can display coping mechanisms and a set of biological alterations leading to stress resilience. The aetiology of MDD is multifactorial and involves several physiological systems. Exacerbation of endocrine and immune responses from both innate and adaptive systems are observed in depressed individuals and mice exhibiting depression-like behaviours. Increasing attention has been given to neurovascular health since higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is found in MDD patients and inflammatory conditions are associated with depression, treatment resistance and relapse. Here, we provide an overview of endocrine, immune and vascular changes associated with stress vulnerability vs. resilience in rodents and when available, in humans. Lack of treatment efficacy suggests that neuron-centric treatments do not address important causal biological factors and better understanding of stress-induced adaptations, including sex differences, could contribute to develop novel therapeutic strategies including personalized medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A. Dudek
- Department of Psychiatry and NeuroscienceFaculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research CenterUniversité LavalQuebec CityQCCanada
| | - Laurence Dion‐Albert
- Department of Psychiatry and NeuroscienceFaculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research CenterUniversité LavalQuebec CityQCCanada
| | - Fernanda Neutzling Kaufmann
- Department of Psychiatry and NeuroscienceFaculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research CenterUniversité LavalQuebec CityQCCanada
| | - Ellen Tuck
- Smurfit Institute of GeneticsTrinity CollegeDublinIreland
| | - Manon Lebel
- Department of Psychiatry and NeuroscienceFaculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research CenterUniversité LavalQuebec CityQCCanada
| | - Caroline Menard
- Department of Psychiatry and NeuroscienceFaculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research CenterUniversité LavalQuebec CityQCCanada
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Ortiz-Huidobro RI, Velasco M, Larqué C, Escalona R, Hiriart M. Molecular Insulin Actions Are Sexually Dimorphic in Lipid Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:690484. [PMID: 34220716 PMCID: PMC8251559 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.690484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The increment in energy-dense food and low physical activity has contributed to the current obesity pandemic, which is more prevalent in women than in men. Insulin is an anabolic hormone that regulates the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins in adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle. During obesity, nutrient storage capacity is dysregulated due to a reduced insulin action on its target organs, producing insulin resistance, an early marker of metabolic dysfunction. Insulin resistance in adipose tissue is central in metabolic diseases due to the critical role that this tissue plays in energy homeostasis. We focused on sexual dimorphism on the molecular mechanisms of insulin actions and their relationship with the physiology and pathophysiology of adipose tissue. Until recently, most of the physiological and pharmacological studies were done in males without considering sexual dimorphism, which is relevant. There is ample clinical and epidemiological evidence of its contribution to the establishment and progression of metabolic diseases. Sexual dimorphism is a critical and often overlooked factor that should be considered in design of sex-targeted therapeutic strategies and public health policies to address obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Isela Ortiz-Huidobro
- Neurosciences Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Myrian Velasco
- Neurosciences Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos Larqué
- Department of Embryology and Genetics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rene Escalona
- Department of Embryology and Genetics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marcia Hiriart
- Neurosciences Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Marcia Hiriart,
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47
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Muefong CN, Owolabi O, Donkor S, Charalambous S, Mendy J, Sey ICM, Bakuli A, Rachow A, Geldmacher C, Sutherland JS. Major Neutrophil-Derived Soluble Mediators Associate With Baseline Lung Pathology and Post-Treatment Recovery in Tuberculosis Patients. Front Immunol 2021; 12:740933. [PMID: 34887853 PMCID: PMC8650718 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.740933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The inflammatory response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis results in variable degrees of lung pathology during active TB (ATB) with central involvement of neutrophils. Little is known about neutrophil-derived mediators and their role in disease severity at baseline and recovery upon TB treatment initiation. Methods 107 adults with confirmed pulmonary TB were categorised based on lung pathology at baseline and following successful therapy using chest X-ray scores (Ralph scores) and GeneXpert bacterial load (Ct values). Plasma, sputum, and antigen-stimulated levels of MMP1, MMP3, MMP8, MMP9, MPO, S100A8/9, IL8, IL10, IL12/23(p40), GM-CSF, IFNγ, and TNF were analysed using multiplex cytokine arrays. Results At baseline, neutrophil counts correlated with plasma levels of MMP8 (rho = 0.45, p = 2.80E-06), S100A8 (rho = 0.52, p = 3.00E-08) and GM-CSF (rho = 0.43, p = 7.90E-06). Levels of MMP8 (p = 3.00E-03), MMP1 (p = 1.40E-02), S100A8 (p = 1.80E-02) and IL12/23(p40) (p = 1.00E-02) were associated with severe lung damage, while sputum MPO levels were directly linked to lung damage (p = 1.80E-03), Mtb load (p = 2.10E-02) and lung recovery (p = 2.40E-02). Six months of TB therapy significantly decreased levels of major neutrophil-derived pro-inflammatory mediators: MMP1 (p = 4.90E-12 and p = 2.20E-07), MMP8 (p = 3.40E-14 and p = 1.30E-05) and MMP9 (p = 1.60E-04 and p = 1.50E-03) in plasma and sputum, respectively. Interestingly, following H37Rv whole cell lysate stimulation, S100A8 (p = 2.80E-02), MMP9 (p = 3.60E-02) and MPO (p = 9.10E-03) levels at month 6 were significantly higher compared to baseline. Sputum MMP1 (p = 1.50E-03), MMP3 (p = 7.58E-04), MMP9 (p = 2.60E-02) and TNF (p = 3.80E-02) levels were lower at month 6 compared to baseline in patients with good lung recovery. Conclusion In this study, patients with severe lung pathology at baseline and persistent lung damage after treatment were associated with higher plasma and sputum levels of major pro-inflammatory neutrophil-derived mediators. Interestingly, low sputum MPO levels were associated with severe lung damage, higher Mtb burden and low recovery. Our data suggest that therapeutic agents which target these mediators should be considered for future studies on biomarkers and host-directed therapeutic approaches against TB-related lung pathology and/or lung recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Nwongbouwoh Muefong
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Fajara, Gambia.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Olumuyiwa Owolabi
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Fajara, Gambia
| | - Simon Donkor
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Fajara, Gambia
| | | | - Joseph Mendy
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Fajara, Gambia
| | - Isatou C M Sey
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Fajara, Gambia
| | - Abhishek Bakuli
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.,International Clinical Trials Unit, German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Rachow
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.,International Clinical Trials Unit, German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christof Geldmacher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.,International Clinical Trials Unit, German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jayne S Sutherland
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Fajara, Gambia
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Özdemir BC. Androgen Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1270:169-183. [PMID: 33123999 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-47189-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The key function of mesenchymal/stromal androgen receptor (AR) signaling for prostate development has been well documented by tissue recombination experiments. Some studies have addressed the expression and function of AR in stromal cells in prostate cancer, yet our understanding of the role of stromal AR in other tissues beyond prostate is still insufficient.Genomic analysis has revealed that cellular responses to androgens differ between epithelial and stromal cells. AR in stromal cells seems not to act via classical AR transcription factors such as FOXA1 but rather depends on the JUN/AP1 complex. Stromal AR appears to have tumor-promoting and tumor-protective functions depending on tumor stage. Loss of AR signaling in fibroblasts has been detected already in premalignant lesions in the skin and prostate and has been associated with tumor induction in xenografts of skin cancer and aggressive disease features and poor patient prognosis in prostate cancer. Moreover, AR expression is found on virtually all tissue-infiltrating immune cells and plays critical roles in immune cell function. These findings suggest a potential deleterious impact of current androgen deprivation therapies which inhibit both epithelial and stromal AR, highlighting the need to develop tissue-specific AR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna C Özdemir
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland.
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49
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Lasrado N, Jia T, Massilamany C, Franco R, Illes Z, Reddy J. Mechanisms of sex hormones in autoimmunity: focus on EAE. Biol Sex Differ 2020; 11:50. [PMID: 32894183 PMCID: PMC7475723 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-020-00325-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex-related differences in the occurrence of autoimmune diseases is well documented, with females showing a greater propensity to develop these diseases than their male counterparts. Sex hormones, namely dihydrotestosterone and estrogens, have been shown to ameliorate the severity of inflammatory diseases. Immunologically, the beneficial effects of sex hormones have been ascribed to the suppression of effector lymphocyte responses accompanied by immune deviation from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokine production. In this review, we present our view of the mechanisms of sex hormones that contribute to their ability to suppress autoimmune responses with an emphasis on the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninaad Lasrado
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Ting Jia
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | | | - Rodrigo Franco
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Zsolt Illes
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jay Reddy
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.
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Xu C, Dolby GA, Drake KK, Esque TC, Kusumi K. Immune and sex-biased gene expression in the threatened Mojave desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238202. [PMID: 32846428 PMCID: PMC7449761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system of ectotherms, particularly non-avian reptiles, remains poorly characterized regarding the genes involved in immune function, and their function in wild populations. We used RNA-Seq to explore the systemic response of Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) gene expression to three levels of Mycoplasma infection to better understand the host response to this bacterial pathogen. We found over an order of magnitude more genes differentially expressed between male and female tortoises (1,037 genes) than differentially expressed among immune groups (40 genes). There were 8 genes differentially expressed among both variables that can be considered sex-biased immune genes in this tortoise. Among experimental immune groups we find enriched GO biological processes for cysteine catabolism, regulation of type 1 interferon production, and regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response. Sex-biased transcription involves iron ion transport, iron ion homeostasis, and regulation of interferon-beta production to be enriched. More detailed work is needed to assess the seasonal response of the candidate genes found here. How seasonal fluctuation of testosterone and corticosterone modulate the immunosuppression of males and their susceptibility to Mycoplasma infection also warrants further investigation, as well as the importance of iron in the immune function and sex-biased differences of this species. Finally, future transcriptional studies should avoid drawing blood from tortoises via subcarapacial venipuncture as the variable aspiration of lymphatic fluid will confound the differential expression of genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Greer A. Dolby
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
- Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - K. Kristina Drake
- Western Ecological Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Henderson, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Todd C. Esque
- Western Ecological Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Henderson, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Kenro Kusumi
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
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