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Shang NY, Huang LJ, Lan JQ, Kang YY, Tang JS, Wang HY, Li XN, Sun Z, Chen QY, Liu MY, Wen ZP, Feng XH, Wu L, Peng Y. PHPB ameliorates memory deficits and reduces oxidative injury in Alzheimer's disease mouse model by activating Nrf2 signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1142-1159. [PMID: 38409216 PMCID: PMC11130211 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is the most common cause of dementia in elderly people and substantially affects patient quality of life. Oxidative stress is considered a key factor in the development of AD. Nrf2 plays a vital role in maintaining redox homeostasis and regulating neuroinflammatory responses in AD. Previous studies show that potassium 2-(1-hydroxypentyl)-benzoate (PHPB) exerts neuroprotective effects against cognitive impairment in a variety of dementia animal models such as APP/PS1 transgenic mice. In this study we investigated whether PHPB ameriorated the progression of AD by reducing oxidative stress (OS) damage. Both 5- and 13-month-old APP/PS1 mice were administered PHPB (100 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.g.) for 10 weeks. After the cognition assessment, the mice were euthanized, and the left hemisphere of the brain was harvested for analyses. We showed that 5-month-old APP/PS1 mice already exhibited impaired performance in the step-down test, and knockdown of Nrf2 gene only slightly increased the impairment, while knockdown of Nrf2 gene in 13-month-old APP/PS1 mice resulted in greatly worse performance. PHPB administration significantly ameliorated the cognition impairments and enhanced antioxidative capacity in APP/PS1 mice. In addition, PHPB administration significantly increased the p-AKT/AKT and p-GSK3β/GSK3β ratios and the expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO-1 in APP/PS1 mice, but these changes were abolished by knockdown of Nrf2 gene. In SK-N-SH APPwt cells and primary mouse neurons, PHPB (10 μM) significantly increased the p-AKT/AKT and p-GSK3β/GSK3β ratios and the level of Nrf2, which were blocked by knockdown of Nrf2 gene. In summary, this study demonstrates that PHPB exerts a protective effect via the Akt/GSK3β/Nrf2 pathway and it might be a promising neuroprotective agent for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Ying Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Long-Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jia-Qi Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yu-Ying Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jing-Shu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hong-Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xin-Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhuo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qiu-Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Meng-Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zi-Peng Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xin-Hong Feng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Lei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Chen Y, Pang J, Ye L, Zhang Z, Lin S, Lin N, Lee TH, Liu H. Disorders of the central nervous system: Insights from Notch and Nrf2 signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115383. [PMID: 37643483 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional complexity of the central nervous system (CNS) is unparalleled in living organisms. It arises from neural crest-derived cells that migrate by the exact route, leading to the formation of a complex network of neurons and glial cells. Recent studies have shown that novel crosstalk exists between the Notch1 and Nrf2 pathways and is associated with many neurological diseases. The Notch1-Nrf2 axis may act on nervous system development, and the molecular mechanism has recently been reported. In this review, we summarize the essential structure and function of the CNS. The significance of interactions between signaling pathways and between developmental processes like proliferation, apoptosis and migration in ensuring the correct development of the CNS is also presented. We primarily focus on research concerning possible mechanism of interaction between Notch1 and Nrf2 and the functions of Notch1-Nrf2 in neurons. There may be a direct interaction between Notch1 and NRF2, which is closely related to the crosstalk that occurs between them. The significance and potential applications of the Notch1-Nrf2 axis in abnormal development of the nervous system are been highlighten. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms by which the Notch1-Nrf2 axis controls the apoptosis, antioxidant pathway and differentiation of neurons to modulate the development of the nervous system. This information will lead to a better understanding of Notch1-Nrf2 axis signaling pathways in the nervous system and may facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Jiao Pang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Lu Ye
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Suijin Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Na Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Hekun Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
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3
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Chen SY, Kannan M. Neural crest cells and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: Mechanisms and potential targets for prevention. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106855. [PMID: 37460002 PMCID: PMC10528842 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are a group of preventable and nongenetic birth defects caused by prenatal alcohol exposure that can result in a range of cognitive, behavioral, emotional, and functioning deficits, as well as craniofacial dysmorphology and other congenital defects. During embryonic development, neural crest cells (NCCs) play a critical role in giving rise to many cell types in the developing embryos, including those in the peripheral nervous system and craniofacial structures. Ethanol exposure during this critical period can have detrimental effects on NCC induction, migration, differentiation, and survival, leading to a broad range of structural and functional abnormalities observed in individuals with FASD. This review article provides an overview of the current knowledge on the detrimental effects of ethanol on NCC induction, migration, differentiation, and survival. The article also examines the molecular mechanisms involved in ethanol-induced NCC dysfunction, such as oxidative stress, altered gene expression, apoptosis, epigenetic modifications, and other signaling pathways. Furthermore, the review highlights potential therapeutic strategies for preventing or mitigating the detrimental effects of ethanol on NCCs and reducing the risk of FASD. Overall, this article offers a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the impact of ethanol on NCCs and its role in FASD, shedding light on potential avenues for future research and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | - Maharajan Kannan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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4
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Tian Y, Lin J, Li X, Zhu G, Fan L, Lou S, Li D, Pan Y. Mechanical dissection and culture of mouse cranial neural crest cells. Birth Defects Res 2023; 115:417-429. [PMID: 36621938 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the contribution of cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) to the majority of craniofacial structures, they have been studied extensively for the pathogenesis of craniofacial diseases. To investigate and summarize how to isolate and culture the CNCCs from wild-type mice, a literature search was performed in online databases (PubMed and Web of Science) using optimized keywords "mouse," "cranial neural crest cell" and "culture." The literature was checked by two investigators according to the screening and exclusion criteria. Initially, 197 studies were retrieved from PubMed and 169 from Web of Science, and after excluding replicate studies, 293 articles were considered. Finally, 17 studies met all the criteria and were included in this review. The results showed that obtaining purified stem cells and balancing the need to promote cell growth and prevent unwanted early cell differentiation were the two key points in the isolation and culture of CNCCs. However, no standard criteria are available for answering these questions. Thus, it is important to emphasize the necessity for standardization of CNCC isolation, culture, and identification in research on craniofacial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junyan Lin
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guirong Zhu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liwen Fan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shu Lou
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yongchu Pan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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5
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Liu J, Kong D, Ai D, Xu A, Yu W, Peng Z, Peng J, Wang Z, Wang Z, Liu R, Li W, Hai C, Zhang X, Wang X. Insulin resistance enhances binge ethanol-induced liver injury through promoting oxidative stress and up-regulation CYP2E1. Life Sci 2022; 303:120681. [PMID: 35662646 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has caused a serious burden on public and personal health in crowd with ethanol abuse. The effects of insulin resistance (IR) on ALD and the mechanisms underlying these responses are still not well understood. In this study, we investigated the changes of liver injury, inflammation, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and CYP2E1 changes in liver of mice exposed to ethanol with IR or not. We found IR increased the sensitivity of liver injury in mice exposed to ethanol, manifested as the increase serum activities of AST and ALT, the accumulation of triglycerides, the deterioration of liver pathology and increase of inflammatory factors. IR also exacerbated apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in liver of mice exposed to ethanol. The increase of oxidative stress and the decrease of antioxidant defense ability might be responsible for the sensitizing effects of IR on ethanol-induced liver injury, supported by the increase of MDA levels and the decline of GSH/GSSG, the inactivation of antioxidant enzymes SOD, GR through the inhibition of Nrf-2 pathway. The activation of CYP2E1 might be also involved in the sensitizing effects of IR on ethanol induced liver injury in mice. These results demonstrated that IR exhibited a significant pro-oxidative and pro-apoptosis effects to aggravate alcoholic liver injury. Our study helped us to better understand the sensitive role of IR on ALD and suggested that alcohol intake may be more harmful for people with IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangzheng Liu
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China.
| | - Deqin Kong
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Duo Ai
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China; Second Brigade of Basic Medical College Students, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Anqi Xu
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China; Second Brigade of Basic Medical College Students, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Weihua Yu
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Zhengwu Peng
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China; Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Wenli Li
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Chunxu Hai
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China.
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Fan H, Li Y, Yuan F, Lu L, Liu J, Feng W, Zhang HG, Chen SY. Up-regulation of microRNA-34a mediates ethanol-induced impairment of neural crest cell migration in vitro and in zebrafish embryos through modulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition by targeting Snail1. Toxicol Lett 2022; 358:17-26. [PMID: 35038560 PMCID: PMC9058190 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal ethanol exposure can impair neural crest cell (NCC) development, including NCC survival, differentiation and migration, contributing to the craniofacial dysmorphology in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in regulating the migration of NCCs. The objective of this study is to determine whether ethanol exposure can suppress NCC migration through inhibiting EMT and whether microRNA-34a (miR-34a) is involved in the ethanol-induced impairment of EMT in NCCs. We found that exposure to 100 mM ethanol significantly inhibited the migration of NCCs. qRT-PCR and Western Blot analysis revealed that exposure to ethanol robustly reduced the mRNA and protein expression of Snail1, a critical transcriptional factor that has a pivotal role in the regulation of EMT. Ethanol exposure also significantly increased the mRNA expression of the Snail1 target gene E-cadherin1 and inhibited EMT in NCCs. We also found that exposure to ethanol significantly elevated the expression of miR-34a that targets Snail1 in NCCs. In addition, down-regulation of miR-34a prevented ethanol-induced repression of Snail1 and diminished ethanol-induced upregulation of Snail1 target gene E-cadherin1 in NCCs. Inhibition of miR-34a restored EMT and prevented ethanol-induced inhibition of NCC migration in vitro and in zebrafish embryos in vivo. These results demonstrate that ethanol-induced upregulation of miR-34a contributes to the impairment of NCC migration through suppressing EMT by targeting Snail1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huadong Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA,University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Yihong Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA,University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Fuqiang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA,University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Lanhai Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA,University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA,University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Wenke Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA,University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Huang-Ge Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA,Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Shao-yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA,University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA,To whom correspondence should be sent: Shao-yu Chen, Ph.D., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292 Phone: (502) 852-8677 FAX: (502) 852-8927.
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Modulating the Antioxidant Response for Better Oxidative Stress-Inducing Therapies: How to Take Advantage of Two Sides of the Same Medal? Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040823. [PMID: 35453573 PMCID: PMC9029215 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress-inducing therapies are characterized as a specific treatment that involves the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) by external or internal sources. To protect cells against oxidative stress, cells have evolved a strong antioxidant defense system to either prevent RONS formation or scavenge them. The maintenance of the redox balance ensures signal transduction, development, cell proliferation, regulation of the mechanisms of cell death, among others. Oxidative stress can beneficially be used to treat several diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, heart disease, cancer, and other diseases by regulating the antioxidant system. Understanding the mechanisms of various endogenous antioxidant systems can increase the therapeutic efficacy of oxidative stress-based therapies, leading to clinical success in medical treatment. This review deals with the recent novel findings of various cellular endogenous antioxidant responses behind oxidative stress, highlighting their implication in various human diseases, such as ulcers, skin pathologies, oncology, and viral infections such as SARS-CoV-2.
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8
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Monascin and Ankaflavin of Monascus purpureus Prevent Alcoholic Liver Disease through Regulating AMPK-Mediated Lipid Metabolism and Enhancing Both Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidative Systems. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206301. [PMID: 34684882 PMCID: PMC8538843 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol metabolism causes an excessive accumulation of liver lipids and inflammation, resulting in liver damage. The yellow pigments monascin (MS) and ankaflavin (AK) of Monascus purpureus-fermented rice were proven to regulate ethanol-induced damage in HepG2 cells, but the complete anti-inflammatory and anti-fatty liver mechanisms in the animal model are still unclear. This study explored the roles of MS and AK in improving alcoholic liver injury. MS and AK were simultaneously fed to evaluate their effects and mechanisms in C57BL/6J mice fed the Lieber–DeCarli liquid alcohol diet for 6 weeks. The results indicated that MS and AK significantly reduced the serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activity, as well as the total liver cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The histopathological results indicated that MS and AK prevented lipid accumulation in the liver. MS and AK effectively enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduced the degree of lipid peroxidation; AK was particularly effective and exhibited a superior preventive effect against alcoholic liver injury and fatty liver. In addition to inhibiting the phosphorylation of the MAPK family, MS and AK directly reduced TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β levels, thereby reducing NF-κB and its downstream iNOS and COX-2 expressions, as well as increasing PPAR-γ, Nrf-2, and HO-1 expressions to prevent liver damage. MS and AK also directly reduced TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β expression, thereby reducing the production of NF-κB and its downstream iNOS and COX-2, and increasing PPAR-γ, Nrf-2, and HO-1 expressions, preventing alcohol damage to the liver.
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Li Y, Fan H, Yuan F, Lu L, Liu J, Feng W, Zhang HG, Chen SY. Sulforaphane Protects Against Ethanol-Induced Apoptosis in Human Neural Crest Cells Through Diminishing Ethanol-Induced Hypermethylation at the Promoters of the Genes Encoding the Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:622152. [PMID: 33634123 PMCID: PMC7900432 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.622152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural crest cell (NCC) is a multipotent progenitor cell population that is sensitive to ethanol and is implicated in the Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Studies have shown that sulforaphane (SFN) can prevent ethanol-induced apoptosis in NCCs. This study aims to investigate whether ethanol exposure can induce apoptosis in human NCCs (hNCCs) through epigenetically suppressing the expression of anti-apoptotic genes and whether SFN can restore the expression of anti-apoptotic genes and prevent apoptosis in ethanol-exposed hNCCs. We found that ethanol exposure resulted in a significant increase in the expression of DNMT3a and the activity of DNMTs. SFN treatment diminished the ethanol-induced upregulation of DNMT3a and dramatically reduced the activity of DNMTs in ethanol-exposed hNCCs. We also found that ethanol exposure induced hypermethylation at the promoter regions of two inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP), NAIP and XIAP, in hNCCs, which were prevented by co-treatment with SFN. SFN treatment also significantly diminished ethanol-induced downregulation of NAIP and XIAP in hNCCs. The knockdown of DNMT3a significantly enhanced the effects of SFN on preventing the ethanol-induced repression of NAIP and XIAP and apoptosis in hNCCs. These results demonstrate that SFN can prevent ethanol-induced apoptosis in hNCCs by preventing ethanol-induced hypermethylation at the promoter regions of the genes encoding the IAP proteins and diminishing ethanol-induced repression of NAIP and XIAP through modulating DNMT3a expression and DNMT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Science Center, Louisville, KY, United States
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Huadong Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Science Center, Louisville, KY, United States
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Fuqiang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Science Center, Louisville, KY, United States
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Lanhai Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Science Center, Louisville, KY, United States
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Science Center, Louisville, KY, United States
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Wenke Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Science Center, Louisville, KY, United States
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Huang-Ge Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Shao-Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Science Center, Louisville, KY, United States
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY, United States
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10
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A Novel STAT3-Mediated GATA6 Pathway Contributes to tert-Butylhydroquinone- (tBHQ-) Protected TNF α-Activated Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (VCAM-1) in Vascular Endothelium. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6584059. [PMID: 33274004 PMCID: PMC7683157 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6584059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The activation of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) in vascular endothelial cells has been well considered implicating in the initiation and processing of atherosclerosis. Oxidative stress is mechanistically involved in proatherosclerotic cytokine-induced VCAM-1 activation. tert-Butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), a synthetic phenolic antioxidant used for preventing lipid peroxidation of food, possesses strongly antioxidant capacity against oxidative stress-induced dysfunction in various pathological process. Here, we investigated the protective role of tBHQ on tumor necrosis factor alpha- (TNFα-) induced VCAM-1 activation in both aortic endothelium of mice and cultured human vascular endothelial cells and uncovered its potential mechanisms. Our data showed that tBHQ treatment significantly reversed TNFα-induced activation of VCAM-1 at both transcriptional and protein levels. The mechanistic study revealed that inhibiting neither nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) nor autophagy blocked the beneficial role of tBHQ. Alternatively, tBHQ intervention markedly alleviated TNFα-increased GATA-binding protein 6 (GATA6) mRNA and protein expressions and its translocation into nucleus. Further investigation indicated that tBHQ-inhibited signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) but not mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway contributed to its protective role against VCAM-1 activation via regulating GATA6. Collectively, our data demonstrated that tBHQ prevented TNFα-activated VCAM-1 via a novel STAT3/GATA6-involved pathway. tBHQ could be a potential candidate for the prevention of proatherosclerotic cytokine-caused inflammatory response and further dysfunctions in vascular endothelium.
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11
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Yuan F, Yun Y, Fan H, Li Y, Lu L, Liu J, Feng W, Chen SY. MicroRNA-135a Protects Against Ethanol-Induced Apoptosis in Neural Crest Cells and Craniofacial Defects in Zebrafish by Modulating the Siah1/p38/p53 Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:583959. [PMID: 33134300 PMCID: PMC7561719 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.583959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that are involved in various biological processes, including apoptosis, by regulating gene expression. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that ethanol-induced downregulation of miR-135a contributes to ethanol-induced apoptosis in neural crest cells (NCCs) by upregulating Siah1 and activating the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/p53 pathway. We found that treatment with ethanol resulted in a significant decrease in miR-135a expression in both NCCs and zebrafish embryos. Ethanol-induced downregulation of miR-135a resulted in the upregulation of Siah1 and the activation of the p38 MAPK/p53 pathway and increased apoptosis in NCCs and zebrafish embryos. Ethanol exposure also resulted in growth retardation and developmental defects that are characteristic of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) in zebrafish. Overexpression of miRNA-135a significantly reduced ethanol-induced upregulation of Siah1 and the activation of the p38 MAPK/p53 pathway and decreased ethanol-induced apoptosis in NCCs and zebrafish embryos. In addition, ethanol-induced growth retardation and craniofacial defects in zebrafish larvae were dramatically diminished by the microinjection of miRNA-135a mimics. These results demonstrated that ethanol-induced downregulation of miR-135a contributes to ethanol-induced apoptosis in NCCs by upregulating Siah1 and activating the p38 MAPK/p53 pathway and that the overexpression of miRNA-135a can protect against ethanol-induced apoptosis in NCCs and craniofacial defects in a zebrafish model of FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, United States.,University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Yang Yun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, United States.,University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY, United States.,College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Huadong Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, United States.,University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Yihong Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, United States.,University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Lanhai Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, United States.,University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, United States.,University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Wenke Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, United States.,University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Shao-Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, United States.,University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY, United States
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12
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tBHQ Induces a Hormetic Response That Protects L6 Myoblasts against the Toxic Effect of Palmitate. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3123268. [PMID: 32509140 PMCID: PMC7246405 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3123268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional status, in particular overweight and obesity, as well as sedentarism and high-fat diet consumption, are important risk factors to develop chronic diseases, which have a higher impact on the elderly's health. Therefore, these nutritional problems have become a concern to human healthspan and longevity. The fatty acids obtained thru the diet or due to fatty acid synthesis during obesity accumulate within the body generating toxicity and cell death. Fat is not only stored in adipose tissue, but it can also be stored in skeletal muscle. Palmitic acid (PA) has been reported as one of the most important saturated free fatty acids; it is associated to chronic oxidative stress and increased mitochondrial ROS production causing cell death by apoptosis. In skeletal muscle, palmitate has been associated with various pathophysiological consequences, which lead to muscle deterioration during aging and obesity. Since molecules that modify redox state have been proven to prevent cellular damage by inducing a hormetic response, the aim of this study was to evaluate if tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) could activate an antioxidant hormetic response that would be able to protect L6 myoblasts from palmitate toxic effect. Our results provide evidence that tBHQ is able to protect L6 myoblasts against the toxicity induced by sodium palmitate due to a synergistic activation of different signaling pathways such as Nrf2 and NF-κB.
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13
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De Blasio A, Di Fiore R, Pratelli G, Drago-Ferrante R, Saliba C, Baldacchino S, Grech G, Scerri C, Vento R, Tesoriere G. A loop involving NRF2, miR-29b-1-5p and AKT, regulates cell fate of MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:629-637. [PMID: 31313842 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study shows that nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and miR-29b-1-5p are two opposite forces which could regulate the fate of MDA-MB-231 cells, the most studied triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line. We show that NRF2 activation stimulates cell growth and markedly reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, whereas miR-29b-1-5p overexpression increases ROS generation and reduces cell proliferation. Moreover, NRF2 downregulates miR-29b-1-5p expression, whereas miR-29b-1-5p overexpression decreases p-AKT and p-NRF2. Furthermore, miR-29b-1-5p overexpression induces both inhibition of DNA N-methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B) expression and re-expression of HIN1, RASSF1A and CCND2. Conversely, NRF2 activation induces opposite effects. We also show that parthenolide, a naturally occurring small molecule, induces the expression of miR-29b-1-5p which could suppress NRF2 activation via AKT inhibition. Overall, this study uncovers a novel NRF2/miR-29b-1-5p/AKT regulatory loop that can regulate the fate (life/death) of MDA-MB-231 cells and suggests this loop as therapeutic target for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna De Blasio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Laboratory of Biochemistry (Polyclinic), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Di Fiore
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Laboratory of Biochemistry (Polyclinic), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Giovanni Pratelli
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Laboratory of Biochemistry (Polyclinic), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosa Drago-Ferrante
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Laboratory of Biochemistry (Polyclinic), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Christian Saliba
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Shawn Baldacchino
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Godfrey Grech
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Christian Scerri
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Renza Vento
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Giovanni Tesoriere
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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14
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Karamanova N, Truran S, Serrano GE, Beach TG, Madine J, Weissig V, Davies HA, Veldhuizen J, Nikkhah M, Hansen M, Zhang W, D'Souza K, Franco DA, Migrino RQ. Endothelial Immune Activation by Medin: Potential Role in Cerebrovascular Disease and Reversal by Monosialoganglioside-Containing Nanoliposomes. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e014810. [PMID: 31928157 PMCID: PMC7033828 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.014810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The function of medin, one of the most common human amyloid proteins that accumulates in the vasculature with aging, remains unknown. We aim to probe medin's role in cerebrovascular disease by comparing cerebral arterial medin content between cognitively normal and vascular dementia (VaD) patients and studying its effects on endothelial cell (EC) immune activation and neuroinflammation. We also tested whether monosialoganglioside‐containing nanoliposomes could reverse medin's adverse effects. Methods and Results Cerebral artery medin and astrocyte activation were measured and compared between VaD and cognitively normal elderly brain donors. ECs were exposed to physiologic dose of medin (5 μmol/L), and viability and immune activation (interleukin‐8, interleukin‐6, intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1) were measured without or with monosialoganglioside‐containing nanoliposomes (300 μg/mL). Astrocytes were exposed to vehicle, medin, medin‐treated ECs, or their conditioned media, and interleukin‐8 production was compared. Cerebral collateral arterial and parenchymal arteriole medin, white matter lesion scores, and astrocyte activation were higher in VaD versus cognitively normal donors. Medin induced EC immune activation (increased interleukin‐8, interleukin‐6, intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1) and reduced EC viability, which were reversed by monosialoganglioside‐containing nanoliposomes. Interleukin‐8 production was augmented when astrocytes were exposed to medin‐treated ECs or their conditioned media. Conclusions Cerebral arterial medin is higher in VaD compared with cognitively normal patients. Medin induces EC immune activation that modulates astrocyte activation, and its effects are reversed by monosialoganglioside‐containing nanoliposomes. Medin is a candidate novel risk factor for aging‐related cerebrovascular disease and VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mehdi Nikkhah
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs Phoenix AZ.,Arizona State University Tempe AZ
| | | | | | | | | | - Raymond Q Migrino
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs Phoenix AZ.,University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix Phoenix AZ
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15
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Han D, Schomacher L, Schüle KM, Mallick M, Musheev MU, Karaulanov E, Krebs L, von Seggern A, Niehrs C. NEIL1 and NEIL2 DNA glycosylases protect neural crest development against mitochondrial oxidative stress. eLife 2019; 8:49044. [PMID: 31566562 PMCID: PMC6768664 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Base excision repair (BER) functions not only in the maintenance of genomic integrity but also in active DNA demethylation and epigenetic gene regulation. This dual role raises the question if phenotypic abnormalities resulting from deficiency of BER factors are due to DNA damage or impaired DNA demethylation. Here we investigate the bifunctional DNA glycosylases/lyases NEIL1 and NEIL2, which act in repair of oxidative lesions and in epigenetic demethylation. Neil-deficiency in Xenopus embryos and differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) leads to a surprisingly restricted defect in cranial neural crest cell (cNCC) development. Neil-deficiency elicits an oxidative stress-induced TP53-dependent DNA damage response, which impairs early cNCC specification. Epistasis experiments with Tdg-deficient mESCs show no involvement of epigenetic DNA demethylation. Instead, Neil-deficiency results in oxidative damage specific to mitochondrial DNA, which triggers a TP53-mediated intrinsic apoptosis. Thus, NEIL1 and NEIL2 DNA glycosylases protect mitochondrial DNA against oxidative damage during neural crest differentiation. The face of animals with a backbone is formed in great part by a group of cells called cranial neural crest cells. When too few of these cells are made, the skull and the face can become deformed. For example, the jaw- or cheekbones can be underdeveloped or there may be defects in the eyes or ears. These types of abnormalities are among the most common birth defects known in humans. NEIL1 and NEIL2 are mouse proteins with two roles. On the one hand, they help protect DNA from damage by acting as so-called ‘base excision repair enzymes’, meaning they remove damaged building blocks of DNA. On the other hand, they help remove a chemical group known as a methyl from DNA building blocks in a process called demethylation, which is involved both in development and disease. Previous research by Schomacher et al. in 2016 showed that, in frogs, the absence of a similar protein called Neil2, leads to deformities of the face and skull. Han et al. – who include some of the researchers involved in the 2016 study – have now used frog embryos and mouse embryonic stem cells to examine the role of the NEIL proteins in cranial neural crest cells. Stem cells can become any type of cell in the body, but when NEIL1 and NEIL2 are missing, these cells lose the ability to become cranial neural crest cells. To determine whether the effects of removing NEIL1 and NEIL2 were due to their role in DNA damage repair or demethylation, Han et al. removed two proteins, each involved in one of the two processes. Removing APEX1, which is involved in DNA damage repair, had similar effects to the removal of NEIL1 and NEIL2, while removing TDG, which only works in demethylation, did not. This indicates that NEIL1 and NEIL2’s role in DNA damage repair is likely necessary for stem cells to become cranial neural crest cells. Although NEIL1 and NEIL2 are part of the DNA repair machinery, Han et al. showed that when stem cells turn into cranial neural crest cells, these proteins are not protecting the cell’s genomic DNA. Instead, they are active in the mitochondria, the compartments of the cell responsible for producing energy, which have their own DNA. Mitochondria use oxygen to produce energy, but by-products of these reactions damage mitochondrial DNA, explaining why mitochondria need NEIL1 and NEIL2. These results suggest that antioxidants, which are molecules that protect the cells from the damaging oxygen derivatives, may help prevent deformities in the face and skull. This theory could be tested using mice that do not produce proteins involved in base excision repair, which could be derived from the cells lacking NEIL1 and NEIL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Han
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Laura Krebs
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Christof Niehrs
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany.,Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Lai JR, Ke BJ, Hsu YW, Lee CL. Dimerumic acid and deferricoprogen produced by Monascus purpureus attenuate liquid ethanol diet-induced alcoholic hepatitis via suppressing NF-κB inflammation signalling pathways and stimulation of AMPK-mediated lipid metabolism. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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17
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Li Y, Yuan F, Wu T, Lu L, Liu J, Feng W, Chen SY. Sulforaphane protects against ethanol-induced apoptosis in neural crest cells through restoring epithelial-mesenchymal transition by epigenetically modulating the expression of Snail1. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:2586-2594. [PMID: 31295528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol-induced apoptosis in neural crest cells (NCCs), a multipotent progenitor cell population, is implicated in the Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Studies have demonstrated that sulforaphane (SFN) can prevent ethanol-induced apoptosis in NCCs. The objective of this study is to investigate whether ethanol exposure can induce apoptosis in NCCs by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and whether SFN can prevent ethanol-induced apoptosis by epigenetically modulating the expression of Snail1, a key transcriptional factor that promotes EMT. We found that ethanol exposure resulted in a significant increase in apoptosis in NCCs. Co-treatment with SFN significantly reduced ethanol-induced apoptosis. Treatment with SFN also dramatically diminished ethanol-induced changes in the expression of E-cadherin and vimentin, and restored EMT in ethanol-exposed NCCs. In addition, ethanol exposure reduced the levels of trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) at the promoters of Snail1. SFN treatment diminished the ethanol-induced reduction of H3K4me3 at the promoter regions of the Snail1 gene, restored the expression of Snail1 and down-regulated Snail1 target gene E-cadherin. Knockdown of Snail1 significantly reduced the protective effects of SFN on ethanol-induced apoptosis. These results demonstrate that SFN can protect against ethanol-induced apoptosis by preventing ethanol-induced reduction in the levels of H3K4me3 at the promoters of Snail1, restoring the expression of Snail1 and EMT in ethanol-exposed NCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Science Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Fuqiang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Science Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Science Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Lanhai Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Science Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Science Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Wenke Feng
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | - Shao-Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Science Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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18
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MicroRNA-34a mediates ethanol-induced impairment of neural differentiation of neural crest cells by targeting autophagy-related gene 9a. Exp Neurol 2019; 320:112981. [PMID: 31247197 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.112981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neural crest cells (NCCs) are multipotent progenitor cells that are sensitive to ethanol and are implicated in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). The objective of this study is to test whether ethanol exposure can inhibit the neural differentiation of NCCs by inhibiting autophagy and whether miR-34a is involved in ethanol-induced inhibition of autophagy in NCCs. We found that ethanol exposure resulted in the inhibition of neural differentiation of NCCs. Exposure to ethanol also significantly decreased autophagy in NCCs, as indicated by a decreased LC3II/I ratio and an elevated expression of p62 protein. Knockdown of p62 restored the expression of the neurogenesis genes, NF and Mash1, in ethanol-exposed NCCs, suggesting that ethanol exposure can inhibit the neural differentiation of NCCs by inhibiting autophagy. We also found that ethanol exposure resulted in a significant increase in miR-34a expression in NCCs. Inhibition of miR-34a restored the expression of Atg9a, a direct target of miR-34a and significantly decreased ethanol-induced inhibition of autophagy in NCCs. Down-regulation of miR-34a also prevented ethanol-induced inhibition of neural differentiation of NCCs. These results demonstrate that ethanol-induced inhibition of neural differentiation of NCCs is mediated by the miR-34a through targeting Atg9a.
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19
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Chenxu G, Minxuan X, Yuting Q, Tingting G, Jing F, Jinxiao L, Sujun W, Yongjie M, Deshuai L, Qiang L, Linfeng H, Xuyuan N, Mingxing W, Ping H, Jun T. Loss of RIP3 initiates annihilation of high-fat diet initialized nonalcoholic hepatosteatosis: A mechanism involving Toll-like receptor 4 and oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 134:23-41. [PMID: 30599260 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent and complex disease that confers a high risk of severe liver disorders. Although such public and clinical health importance, very few effective therapies are presently available for NAFLD. Here, we showed that receptor-interacting kinase-3 (RIP3) was up-regulated in liver of mouse with hepatic steatosis induced by high fat diet (HFD). After 16 weeks on a HFD, obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, hepatic steatosis, inflammatory response and oxidative stress were significantly alleviated in liver of mice with the loss of RIP3. We provided mechanistic evidence that RIP3 knockdown attenuated hepatic dyslipidemia through preventing the expression of lipogenesis-associated genes. Furthermore, in the absence of RIP3, the transcription factor of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway activated by HFD was blocked, accompanied with the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome. We also found that RIP3 knockdown-induced activation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf-2/HO-1) led to the inhibition of oxidative stress. The detrimental effects of RIP3 on hepatic steatosis and related pathologies were confirmed in palmitate (PAL)-treated mouse liver cells. Of note, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or PAL-activated TLR-4 resulted in the up-regulation of RIP3 that was accompanied by the elevated inflammation and lipid deposition, and these effects were reversed in TLR-4 knockdown cells. Furthermore, promoting Nrf-2 pathway activation effectively reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and RIP3 expression in PAL-stimulated cells, consequently leading to the suppression of cellular inflammation and lipid accumulation. In contrast, blocking Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling abrogated RIP3 knockdown-reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammatory response and lipid deposition in PAL-stimulated cells. Taken together, the present study helped to elucidate how HFD-induced hepatic steatosis was regulated by RIP3, via the TLR-4/NF-κB and Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Chenxu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Xu Minxuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China.
| | - Qin Yuting
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China
| | - Gu Tingting
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Feng Jing
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Lv Jinxiao
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China
| | - Wang Sujun
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, PR China
| | - Ma Yongjie
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, PR China
| | - Lou Deshuai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Li Qiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Hu Linfeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Nie Xuyuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Wang Mingxing
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, PR China
| | - Huang Ping
- Department Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, PR China
| | - Tan Jun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China.
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Chen XJ, Ren SM, Dong JZ, Qiu CG, Chen YW, Tao HL. Ginkgo biloba extract-761 protects myocardium by regulating Akt/Nrf2 signal pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:647-655. [PMID: 30858695 PMCID: PMC6387611 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s191537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of Ginkgo biloba extract-761 (EGb 761) in the rat with myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury (MIRI). Materials and methods Forty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into following four groups: sham group, I/R group and EGb 761 groups (20 and 40 mg/kg). MIRI model was established after 14 days of administration. The myocardial infarct size and myocardial histology were measured and compared. Meanwhile, the levels of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), troponin T (TnT), TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were evaluated. Western blot was used to detect the expression of Caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, HO-1, Nrf2, Akt, p-Akt and nuclear protein Nrf2. Results The levels of infarct size, CK-MB, LDH, TnT, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the EGb 761 groups were significantly lower than those in the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group. The content of MDA was lower in the myocardium, whereas the activities of SOD and GSH-Px were higher than those in the I/R group. The expressions of Caspase-3 and Bax in the EGb 761 groups were significantly lower than those in the I/R group, whereas the expressions of Bcl-2, p-Akt and HO-1 and nuclear protein Nrf2 in the EGb 761 groups were higher than those in the I/R group. Conclusion EGb 761 might inhibit the apoptosis of myocardial cells and protect the myocardium by activating the Akt/Nrf2 pathway, increasing the expression of HO-1, decreasing oxidative stress and repressing inflammatory reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jie Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,
| | - Shu-Min Ren
- Department of Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jian-Zeng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,
| | - Chun-Guang Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,
| | - Ying-Wei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,
| | - Hai-Long Tao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,
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Ophthalmologic Findings in Russian Children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Eur J Ophthalmol 2018; 23:823-30. [DOI: 10.5301/ejo.5000296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Muralidharan P, Connors CT, Mohammed AS, Sarmah S, Marrs K, Marrs JA, Chism GW. Turmeric Extract Rescues Ethanol-Induced Developmental Defect in the Zebrafish Model for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). J Food Sci 2017; 82:2221-2225. [PMID: 28796310 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal ethanol exposure causes the most frequent preventable birth disorder, fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). The effect of turmeric extracts in rescuing an ethanol-induced developmental defect using zebrafish as a model was determined. Ethanol-induced oxidative stress is one of the major mechanisms underlying FASD. We hypothesize that antioxidant inducing properties of turmeric may alleviate ethanol-induced defects. Curcuminoid content of the turmeric powder extract (5 mg/mL turmeric in ethanol) was determined by UPLC and found to contain Curcumin (124.1 ± 0.2 μg/mL), Desmethoxycurcumin (43.4 ± 0.1 μg/mL), and Bisdemethoxycurcumin (36.6 ± 0.1 μg/mL). Zebrafish embryos were treated with 100 mM (0.6% v/v) ethanol during gastrulation through organogenesis (2 to 48 h postfertilization (hpf)) and supplemented with turmeric extract to obtain total curcuminoid concentrations of 0, 1.16, 1.72, or 2.32 μM. Turmeric supplementation showed significant rescue of the body length at 72 hpf compared to ethanol-treated embryos. The mechanism underlying the rescue remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Muralidharan
- Dept. of Biology, Indiana Univ.-Purdue Univ. Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Ind., 46202, U.S.A
| | - Craig T Connors
- Dept. of Biology, Indiana Univ.-Purdue Univ. Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Ind., 46202, U.S.A
| | - Arooj S Mohammed
- Dept. of Biology, Indiana Univ.-Purdue Univ. Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Ind., 46202, U.S.A
| | - Swapnalee Sarmah
- Dept. of Biology, Indiana Univ.-Purdue Univ. Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Ind., 46202, U.S.A
| | - Kathleen Marrs
- Dept. of Biology, Indiana Univ.-Purdue Univ. Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Ind., 46202, U.S.A
| | - James A Marrs
- Dept. of Biology, Indiana Univ.-Purdue Univ. Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Ind., 46202, U.S.A
| | - Grady W Chism
- Dept. of Biology, Indiana Univ.-Purdue Univ. Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Ind., 46202, U.S.A
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Zhao L, Jiang Y, Ni Y, Zhang T, Duan C, Huang C, Zhao Y, Gao L, Li S. Protective effects of Lactobacillus plantarum C88 on chronic ethanol-induced liver injury in mice. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Zhou NQ, Liu N, Li P, Ping S, Peng QS, Shi WD. Tert-butylhydroquinone promotes angiogenesis and improves heart functions in rats after myocardial infarction. Clin Exp Hypertens 2017; 39:402-408. [PMID: 28534651 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2016.1259322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is an increased risk of heart failure and acute myocardial infarction (MI). Tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), as an antioxidant, shows multiple cardioprotective actions including the reduction in blood pressure. The aim of this study was to investigate whether and how tBHQ improves heart functions in rats. METHODS The MI model was established in WKY and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery. Akt phosphorylation was examined by western blot in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) or in rats. Angiogenesis was assessed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Heart function was determined by echocardiography. RESULTS tBHQ increased Akt phosphorylation, promoted cell proliferations and migrations in HUVECs, which were abolished by Akt inhibitor wortmannin. In SHRs following MI, administration of tBHQ significantly increased Akt phosphorylation, promoted angiogenesis, reduced infarct size, and improved heart functions after 14 postoperative days. Importantly, these in vivo effects of tBHQ were ablated by wortmannin in SHRs. CONCLUSION tBHQ via Akt activation promotes ischemia-induced angiogenesis and improves heart functions in hypertensive rats. In perspectives, the application of tBHQ should be considered in patients with ischemic diseases such as MI and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Qian Zhou
- a Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital , Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Ning Liu
- b Central Laboratory, the Second Hospital , Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Peng Li
- c Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Xinxiang Medical University , Xinxiang , China
| | - Song Ping
- c Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Xinxiang Medical University , Xinxiang , China
| | - Qi-Sheng Peng
- d Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis , Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Wei-Dong Shi
- a Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital , Jilin University , Changchun , China
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Wang X, Asghar M. Protein disulfide isomerase regulates renal AT 1 receptor function and blood pressure in rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F461-F466. [PMID: 28468966 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00580.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The role and mechanism of renal protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) in blood pressure regulation has not been tested before. Here, we test this possibility in Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were treated with PDI inhibitor bacitracin (100 mg·kg-1 ip·day-1 for 14 days), and then blood pressure and renal angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor function were determined in anesthetized rats. Renal AT1 receptor function was determined as the ability of candesartan (an AT1 receptor blocker) to increase diuresis and natriuresis. A second set of vehicle- and bacitracin-treated rats was used to determine biochemical parameters. Systolic blood pressure as well as diastolic blood pressure increased in bacitracin-treated compared with vehicle-treated rats. Compared with vehicle, bacitracin-treated rats showed increased diuresis and natriuresis in response to candesartan (10-µg iv bolus dose) suggesting higher AT1 receptor function in these rats. These were associated with higher renin activities in the plasma and renal tissues. Furthermore, urinary 8-isoprostane and kidney injury molecule-1 levels were higher and urinary antioxidant capacity was lower in bacitracin-treated rats. Renal protein carbonyl and nitrotyrosine levels also were higher in bacitracin- compared with vehicle-treated rats, suggesting oxidative stress burden in bacitracin-treated rats. Moreover, PDI activity decreased and its protein levels increased in renal tissues of bacitracin-treated rats. Also, nuclear levels of Nrf2 transcription factor, which regulates redox homeostasis, were decreased in bacitracin-treated rats. Furthermore, tissue levels of Keap1, an Nrf2 inhibitory molecule, and tyrosine 216-phosphorylated GSK3β protein, an Nrf2 nuclear export protein, were increased in bacitracin-treated rats. These results suggest that renal PDI by regulating Keap1-Nrf2 pathway acts as an antioxidant, maintaining redox balance, renal AT1 receptor function, and blood pressure in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xitao Wang
- Heart and Kidney Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Mohammad Asghar
- Heart and Kidney Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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Yan SL, Wang ZH, Yen HF, Lee YJ, Yin MC. Reversal of ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity by cinnamic and syringic acids in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 98:119-126. [PMID: 27793734 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol was used to induce acute hepatotoxicity in mice. Effects of cinnamic acid (CA) and syringic acid (SA) post-intake for hepatic recovery from alcoholic injury was investigated. Ethanol treated mice were supplied by CA or SA at 40 or 80 mg/kg BW/day for 5 days. Results showed that ethanol stimulated protein expression of CYP2E1, p47phox, gp91phox, cyclooxygenase-2 and nuclear factor kappa B in liver. CA or SA post-intake restricted hepatic expression of these molecules. Ethanol suppressed nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) expression, and CA or SA enhanced Nrf2 expression in cytosolic and nuclear fractions. Ethanol increased the release of reactive oxygen species, oxidized glutathione, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, nitric acid and prostaglandin E2. CA or SA lowered hepatic production of these oxidative and inflammatory factors. Histological data revealed that ethanol administration caused obvious foci of inflammatory cell infiltration, and CA or SA post-intake improved hepatic inflammatory infiltration. These findings support that cinnamic acid and syringic acid are potent nutraceutical agents for acute alcoholic liver disease therapy. However, potential additive or synergistic benefits of cinnamic and syringic acids against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Lei Yan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Bing Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua County, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Hong Wang
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Fang Yen
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chin Yin
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
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Xu BC, Long HB, Luo KQ. Tert-butylhydroquinone lowers blood pressure in AngII-induced hypertension in mice via proteasome-PTEN-Akt-eNOS pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29589. [PMID: 27435826 PMCID: PMC4951646 DOI: 10.1038/srep29589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), as an antioxidant, has been widely used for many years to prevent oxidization of food products. The aim of this study was to investigate whether tBHQ activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) to prevent endothelial dysfunction and lower blood pressure. The role of Akt in tBHQ-induced eNOS phosphorylation was examined in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) or in mice. tBHQ treatment of HUVEC increased both Akt-Ser473 phosphorylation, accompanied with increased eNOS-Ser1177 phosphorylation and NO release. Mechanically, pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of Akt abolished tBHQ-enhanced NO release and eNOS phosphorylation in HUVEC. Gain-function of PTEN or inhibition of 26S proteasome abolished tBHQ-enhanced Akt phosphorylation in HUVEC. Ex vivo analysis indicated that tBHQ improved Ach-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation in LPC-treated mice aortic arteries, which were abolished by inhibition of Akt or eNOS. In animal study, administration of tBHQ significantly increased eNOS-Ser1177 phosphorylation and acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation, and lowered AngII-induced hypertension in wildtype mice, but not in mice deficient of Akt or eNOS. In conclusion, tBHQ via proteasome-dependent degradation of PTEN increases Akt phosphorylation, resulting in upregulation of eNOS-derived NO production and consequent improvement of endothelial function in vivo. In this way, tBHQ lowers blood pressure in hypertensive mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Can Xu
- Department of Emergency, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Bao Long
- Department of Emergency, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke-Qin Luo
- Department of Emergency, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Yuan F, Chen X, Liu J, Feng W, Wu X, Chen SY. Up-regulation of Siah1 by ethanol triggers apoptosis in neural crest cells through p38 MAPK-mediated activation of p53 signaling pathway. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:775-784. [PMID: 27270636 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1746-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Seven in absentia homolog 1 (Siah1) is one of the E3 ubiquitin ligases and plays a key role in regulating target protein degradation. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that Siah1 mediates ethanol-induced apoptosis in NCCs through p38 MAPK-mediated activation of the p53 signaling pathway. We found that exposure of NCCs to ethanol resulted in the increases in the total protein levels of p53 and the phosphorylation of p53 at serine 15. Ethanol exposure also resulted in a significant increase in the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Knock-down of Siah1 dramatically reduced the ethanol-induced increase in the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Knock-down of Siah1 by siRNA or down-regulation of p38 MAPK by either siRNA or inhibitor significantly diminished ethanol-induced accumulations of p53 and the phosphorylation of p53. In addition, ethanol exposure resulted in a significant increase in the expression of p53 downstream targets and apoptosis in NCCs, which can be significantly diminished by down-regulation of Siah1 with siRNA. Knock-down of p38 MAPK by siRNA also dramatically reduced the ethanol-induced apoptosis. These results demonstrate that Siah1 plays a crucial role in ethanol-induced apoptosis in NCCs, and that the up-regulation of Siah1 by ethanol can trigger apoptosis through p38 MAPK-mediated activation of the p53 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.,University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Xiaopan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.,University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.,University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Wenke Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.,University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Wu
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Shao-Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA. .,University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
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Shi X, Li Y, Hu J, Yu B. Tert-butylhydroquinone attenuates the ethanol-induced apoptosis of and activates the Nrf2 antioxidant defense pathway in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:123-30. [PMID: 27220726 PMCID: PMC4899004 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), an inducer of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), has been demonstrated to attenuate oxidative stress-induced injury and the apoptosis of human neural stem cells and other cell types. However, whether tBHQ is able to exert a protective effect against oxidative stress and the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes has not yet been determined. Thus, the objective of the present study was to determine whether tBHQ protects H9c2 cardiomyocytes against ethanol-induced apoptosis. For this purpose, four sets of experiments were performed under standard culture conditions as follows: i) untreated control cells; ii) cell treatment with 200 mM ethanol; iii) cell treatment with 5 µM tBHQ; and iv) cell pre-treatment with 5 µM tBHQ for 24 h, followed by medium change and co-culture with 200 mM ethanol containing 5 µM tBHQ for a further 24 h. The viability of the cardiomyocytes was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry. Protein expression was measured by western blot analysis, and Nrf2 nuclear localization was observed by immunofluorescence. Exposure to ethanol led to a decrease in the protein expression of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant enzymes, accompanied by an increase in ROS generation and in the apoptosis of H9c2 cells. Pre-treatment with tBHQ significantly prevented the H9c2 cells from undergoing ethanol-induced apoptosis. tBHQ also increased the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), whereas Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) expression was decreased. tBHQ promoted Nrf2 nuclear localization and increased the expression of Nrf2, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and simultaneously inhibited the ethanol-induced overproduction of intracellular ROS. Therefore, tBHQ confers protection against the ethanol-induced apoptosis of and activates the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway in H9c2 cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Usami M, Mitsunaga K, Miyajima A, Takamatu M, Kazama S, Irie T, Doi O, Takizawa T. Effects of 13 developmentally toxic chemicals on the migration of rat cephalic neural crest cells in vitro. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2016; 56:52-9. [PMID: 26175014 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of neural crest cell (NCC) migration has been considered as a possible pathogenic mechanism underlying chemical developmental toxicity. In this study, we examined the effects of 13 developmentally toxic chemicals on the migration of rat cephalic NCCs (cNCCs) by using a simple in vitro assay. cNCCs were cultured for 48 h as emigrants from rhombencephalic neural tubes explanted from rat embryos at day 10.5 of gestation. The chemicals were added to the culture medium at 24 h of culture. Migration of cNCCs was measured as the change in the radius (radius ratio) calculated from the circular spread of cNCCs between 24 and 48 h of culture. Of the chemicals examined, 13-cis-retinoic acid, ethanol, ibuprofen, lead acetate, salicylic acid, and selenate inhibited the migration of cNCCs at their embryotoxic concentrations; no effects were observed for acetaminophen, caffeine, indium, phenytoin, selenite, tributyltin, and valproic acid. In a cNCC proliferation assay, ethanol, ibuprofen, salicylic acid, selenate, and tributyltin inhibited cell proliferation, suggesting the contribution of the reduced cell number to the inhibited migration of cNCCs. It was determined that several developmentally toxic chemicals inhibited the migration of cNCCs, the effects of which were manifested as various craniofacial abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Usami
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Atsuko Miyajima
- Division of Medical Devices, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mina Takamatu
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shugo Kazama
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Irie
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Doi
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Takizawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
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Takahashi S, Hisatsune A, Kurauchi Y, Seki T, Katsuki H. Insulin-like growth factor 1 specifically up-regulates expression of modifier subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase and enhances glutathione synthesis in SH-SY5Y cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 771:99-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Is Liver Enzyme Release Really Associated with Cell Necrosis Induced by Oxidant Stress? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:3529149. [PMID: 26798419 PMCID: PMC4699024 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3529149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic diseases are a major concern worldwide. Increased specific plasma enzyme activities are considered diagnostic features for liver diseases, since enzymes are released into the blood compartment following the deterioration of the organ. Release of liver mitochondrial enzymes is considered strong evidence for hepatic necrosis, which is associated with an increased production of ROS, often leading to greater hepatic lipid peroxidation. Lipotoxic mediators and intracellular signals activated Kupffer cells, which provides evidence strongly suggesting the participation of oxidant stress in acute liver damage, inducing the progression of liver injury to chronic liver damage. Elevated transaminase activities are considered as an index marker of hepatotoxicity, linked to oxidant stress. However, a drastic increase of serum activities of liver enzyme markers ought not necessarily to reflect liver cell death. In fact, increased serum levels of cytoplasmic enzymes have readily been observed after partial hepatectomy (PH) in the regenerating liver of rats. In this regard, we are now showing that in vitro modifications of the oxidant status affect differentially the release of liver enzymes, indicating that this release is a strictly controlled event and not directly related to the onset of oxidant stress of the liver.
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Wang LF, Su SW, Wang L, Zhang GQ, Zhang R, Niu YJ, Guo YS, Li CY, Jiang WB, Liu Y, Guo HC. Tert-butylhydroquinone ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by activating Nrf2 and inducing the expression of its target genes. Am J Transl Res 2015; 7:1724-1735. [PMID: 26692920 PMCID: PMC4656753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Oxidative stress plays an important role in doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity. Nuclear factor E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that orchestrates the antioxidant and cytoprotective responses to oxidative stress. In the present study, we tested whether tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) could protect against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in vivo and, if so, whether the protection was associated with the up-regulation of the Nrf2 pathway. The results showed that treatment with tBHQ significantly decreased the DOX-induced cardiac injury in wild-type mice. Moreover, tBHQ ameliorated the DOX-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Further studies suggested that tBHQ increased the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 and the Nrf2-regulated gene expression, including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone oxido-reductase-1 (NQO-1) expression. Knocking out Nrf2 in mice abolished the protective effect of tBHQ on the DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. These results indicate that tBHQ has a beneficial effect on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, and this effect was associated with the enhanced expression of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant genes, HO-1 and NQO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Feng Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050017, China
| | - Su-Wen Su
- The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050017, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050017, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050017, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050017, China
| | - Yu-Jie Niu
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050017, China
| | - Yan-Su Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050017, China
| | - Chun-Yan Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050017, China
| | - Wen-Bo Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050017, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050017, China
| | - Hui-Cai Guo
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050017, China
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Zhang T, Hu Y, Tang M, Kong L, Ying J, Wu T, Xue Y, Pu Y. Liver Toxicity of Cadmium Telluride Quantum Dots (CdTe QDs) Due to Oxidative Stress in Vitro and in Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:23279-99. [PMID: 26404244 PMCID: PMC4632698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161023279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the applications of quantum dots (QDs) expanding, many studies have described the potential adverse effects of QDs, yet little attention has been paid to potential toxicity of QDs in the liver. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cadmium telluride (CdTe) QDs in mice and murine hepatoma cells alpha mouse liver 12 (AML 12). CdTe QDs administration significantly increased the level of lipid peroxides marker malondialdehyde (MDA) in the livers of treated mice. Furthermore, CdTe QDs caused cytotoxicity in AML 12 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which was likely mediated through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the induction of apoptosis. An increase in ROS generation with a concomitant increase in the gene expression of the tumor suppressor gene p53, the pro-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 and a decrease in the anti-apoptosis gene Bax, suggested that a mitochondria mediated pathway was involved in CdTe QDs' induced apoptosis. Finally, we showed that NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) deficiency blocked induced oxidative stress to protect cells from injury induced by CdTe QDs. These findings provide insights into the regulatory mechanisms involved in the activation of Nrf2 signaling that confers protection against CdTe QDs-induced apoptosis in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Lu Kong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jiali Ying
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Tianshu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yuying Xue
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Sardari M, Rezayof A, Khodagholi F. Hippocampal signaling pathways are involved in stress-induced impairment of memory formation in rats. Brain Res 2015; 1625:54-63. [PMID: 26301822 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Stress is a potent modulator of hippocampal-dependent memory formation. The aim of the present study was to assess the role of hippocampal signaling pathways in stress-induced memory impairment in male Wistar rats. The animals were exposed to acute elevated platform (EP) stress and memory formation was measured by a step-through type passive avoidance task. The results indicated that post-training or pre-test exposure to EP stress impaired memory consolidation or retrieval respectively. Using western blot analysis, it was found that memory retrieval was associated with the increase in the levels of phosphorylated cAMP-responsive element binding protein (P-CREB), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and its downstream targets in the hippocampus. In contrast, the stress exposure decreased the hippocampal levels of these proteins. In addition, stress-induced impairment of memory consolidation or retrieval was associated with the decrease in the P-CREB/CREB ratio and the PGC-1α level in the hippocampus. On the other hand, the hippocampal level of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) which are the master regulators of defense system were decreased by the stress exposure. The increased hippocampal levels of Nrf2 and it׳s downstream was observed during memory retrieval, while stress-induced impairment of memory consolidation or retrieval inhibited this hippocampal signaling pathway. Overall, these findings suggest that down-regulation of CREB/PGC-1α signaling cascade and Nrf2 antioxidant pathways in the hippocampus may be associated with memory impairment induced by stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sardari
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Rezayof
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sun J, Ren X, Simpkins JW. Sequential Upregulation of Superoxide Dismutase 2 and Heme Oxygenase 1 by tert-Butylhydroquinone Protects Mitochondria during Oxidative Stress. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:437-49. [PMID: 26082377 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.098269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction in aging and neurodegenerative conditions. The transcription factor nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) regulates intracellular antioxidative capacity to combat oxidative stress. We examined the effect of tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), an Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway inducer, on mitochondrial function during oxidative challenge in neurons. tBHQ prevented glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in an HT-22 neuronal cell line even with an 8-hour exposure delay. tBHQ blocked glutamate-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial superoxide accumulation. It also protected mitochondrial function under glutamate toxicity, including maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial Ca(2+) hemostasis, and mitochondrial respiration. Glutamate-activated, mitochondria-mediated apoptosis was inhibited by tBHQ as well. In rat primary cortical neurons, tBHQ protected cells from both glutamate and buthionine sulfoximine toxicity. We found that tBHQ scavenged ROS and induced a rapid upregulation of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expression and a delayed upregulation of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression. In HT-22 cells with a knockdown of SOD2 expression, delayed treatment with tBHQ failed to prevent glutamate-induced cell death. Briefly, tBHQ rescues mitochondrial function by sequentially increasing SOD2 and HO-1 expression during glutamate-mediated oxidative stress. This study is the first to demonstrate the role of tBHQ in preserving mitochondrial function during oxidative challenge and provides a clinically relevant argument for using tBHQ against acute neuron-compromising conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Xuefang Ren
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - James W Simpkins
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
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Liu J, Wang X, Peng Z, Zhang T, Wu H, Yu W, Kong D, Liu Y, Bai H, Liu R, Zhang X, Hai C. The effects of insulin pre-administration in mice exposed to ethanol: alleviating hepatic oxidative injury through anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic activities and deteriorating hepatic steatosis through SRBEP-1c activation. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:569-86. [PMID: 25892964 PMCID: PMC4400388 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.11039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has become an important liver disease hazard to public and personal health. Oxidative stress is believed to be responsible for the pathological changes in ALD. Previous studies have showed that insulin, a classic regulator of glucose metabolism, has significant anti-oxidative function and plays an important role in maintaining the redox balance. For addressing the effects and mechanisms of insulin pre-administration on ethanol-induced liver oxidative injury, we investigated histopathology, inflammatory factors, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, antioxidant defense system, ethanol metabolic enzymes and lipid disorder in liver of ethanol-exposed mice pretreatment with insulin or not. There are several novel findings in our study. First, we found insulin pre-administration alleviated acute ethanol exposure-induced liver injury and inflammation reflected by the decrease of serum AST and ALT activities, the improvement of pathological alteration and the inhibition of TNF-α and IL-6 expressions. Second, insulin pre-administration could significantly reduce apoptosis and ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction in liver of mice exposed to ethanol, supporting by decreasing caspases-3 activities and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, increasing mitochondrial viability and mitochondrial oxygen consumption, inhibition of the decline of ATP levels and mitochondrial ROS accumulation. Third, insulin pre-administration prevented ethanol-mediated oxidative stress and enhance antioxidant defense system, which is evaluated by the decline of MDA levels and the rise of GSH/GSSG, the up-regulations of antioxidant enzymes CAT, SOD, GR through Nrf-2 dependent pathway. Forth, the modification of ethanol metabolism pathway such as the inhibition of CYP2E1, the activation of ALDH might be involved in the anti-oxidative and protective effects exerted by insulin pre-administration against acute ethanol exposure in mice. Finally, insulin pre-administration deteriorated hepatic steatosis in mice exposed to ethanol might be through SRBEP-1c activation. In summary, these results indicated that insulin pre-administration effectively alleviated liver oxidative injury through anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic activities but also deteriorated hepatic steatosis through SRBEP-1c activation in mice exposed to ethanol. Our study provided novel insight about the effects and mechanisms of insulin on ethanol-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangzheng Liu
- 1. Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free radical biology and medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- 1. Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free radical biology and medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Zhengwu Peng
- 2. Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- 1. Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free radical biology and medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- 1. Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free radical biology and medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Weihua Yu
- 1. Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free radical biology and medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Deqing Kong
- 1. Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free radical biology and medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- 1. Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free radical biology and medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Hua Bai
- 1. Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free radical biology and medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Rui Liu
- 1. Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free radical biology and medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodi Zhang
- 1. Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free radical biology and medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Chunxu Hai
- 1. Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free radical biology and medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
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Sulforaphane reduces apoptosis and oncosis along with protecting liver injury-induced ischemic reperfusion by activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway. Hepatol Int 2015; 9:321-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12072-014-9604-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Sun H, Chen X, Yuan F, Liu J, Zhao Y, Chen SY. Involvement of seven in absentia homolog-1 in ethanol-induced apoptosis in neural crest cells. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2014; 46:26-31. [PMID: 25193017 PMCID: PMC4250320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol-induced apoptosis in selected cell populations is a major component of pathogenesis underlying ethanol-induced teratogenesis. However, there is a fundamental gap in understanding how ethanol leads to apoptosis in embryos. In this study, we investigate the role of seven in absentia homolog-1 (Siah1) protein, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, in ethanol-induced apoptosis. Using an in vitro model of neural crest cell (NCC), JoMa1.3 cells, we found that exposure to 100mM ethanol resulted in a significant increase in Siah1 mRNA expression in NCCs, an ethanol-sensitive cell population implicated in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Treatment with 100mM ethanol for 24h also significantly increased the protein expression of Siah1 in JoMa1.3 cells. The nuclear translocation and accumulation of Siah1 was evidenced in the cells exposed to ethanol. In addition, we have found that the inhibition of Siah1 function with siRNA prevents ethanol-induced increase in Siah1 protein expression and nuclear translocation in NCCs. Down-regulation of Siah1 by siRNA also greatly diminished ethanol-induced cell death and caspase-3 activation, indicating that inhibition of Siah1 can attenuate ethanol-induced apoptosis. These results strongly suggest that Siah1 plays an important role in ethanol-induced apoptosis in NCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijing Sun
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL 61605, United States
| | - Xiaopan Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL 61605, United States
| | - Fuqiang Yuan
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL 61605, United States
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL 61605, United States
| | - Yingming Zhao
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Shao-Yu Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL 61605, United States.
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40
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Bhakkiyalakshmi E, Sireesh D, Rajaguru P, Paulmurugan R, Ramkumar KM. The emerging role of redox-sensitive Nrf2-Keap1 pathway in diabetes. Pharmacol Res 2014; 91:104-14. [PMID: 25447793 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenic processes involving in the development of diabetes range from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells with consequent insulin deficiency to abnormalities that result in resistance to insulin action. The major contributing factor for excessive β-cell death includes oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial damage, which creates an imbalance in redox homeostasis. Yet, β-cells have evolved adaptive mechanisms to endure a wide range of stress conditions to safeguard its potential functions. These include 'Nrf2/Keap1' pathway, a key cellular defense mechanism, to combat oxidative stress by regulating phase II detoxifying and antioxidant genes. During diabetes, redox imbalance provokes defective Nrf2-dependent signaling and compromise antioxidant capacity of the pancreas which turnout β-cells to become highly vulnerable against various insults. Hence, identification of small molecule activators of Nrf2/Keap1 pathway remains significant to enhance cellular defense to overcome the burden of oxidative stress related disturbances. This review summarizes the molecular mechanism behind Nrf2 activation and the impact of Nrf2 activators in diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dornadula Sireesh
- SRM Research Institute, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Palanisamy Rajaguru
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University-BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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Liu J, Wang X, Liu R, Liu Y, Zhang T, Fu H, Hai C. Oleanolic acid co-administration alleviates ethanol-induced hepatic injury via Nrf-2 and ethanol-metabolizing modulating in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 221:88-98. [PMID: 25111957 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced liver injury. Our previous results have found that oleanolic acid (OA), a liver protective agent, plays a potent antioxidant activity in hepatocyte. In the present study, the protective effects of OA co-administration on ethanol-induced oxidative injury in rats were investigated through detecting hepatic histopathology, antioxidant enzymes, ethanol metabolic enzymes and inflammatory factors. Preventions of ethanol-induced oxidative injury by OA were reflected by markedly decreased serum activities of AST, ALT and significantly increased the hepatic ATP level. In addition, the increase of the hepatic TG content, MDA level and the decrease of hepatic GSH level, SOD activity, CAT activity induced by ethanol were significantly inhibited by OA co-administration. Furthermore, OA could also elevate the protein expressions and nuclear translocation of antioxidant transcription factor Nrf-2 and then up-regulated antioxidant enzymes expressions of HO-1, SOD-1 and GR. Moreover, OA co-administration can significantly reduce the activity and expressions of CYP2E1 and ADH, which has characteristic of generation ROS mediated oxidative stress and acetaldehyde respectively. Furthermore, OA co-administration could inhibition of the generation of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6. Those above results indicated that OA co-administration can protect rats against ethanol-induced liver injury by induction Nrf-2 related antioxidant to maintain redox balance and modulating the ethanol-metabolizing and inflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangzheng Liu
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Han Fu
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Chunxu Hai
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
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Smith SM, Garic A, Flentke GR, Berres ME. Neural crest development in fetal alcohol syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 102:210-20. [PMID: 25219761 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a leading cause of neurodevelopmental disability. Some affected individuals possess distinctive craniofacial deficits, but many more lack overt facial changes. An understanding of the mechanisms underlying these deficits would inform their diagnostic utility. Our understanding of these mechanisms is challenged because ethanol lacks a single receptor when redirecting cellular activity. This review summarizes our current understanding of how ethanol alters neural crest development. Ample evidence shows that ethanol causes the "classic" fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) face (short palpebral fissures, elongated upper lip, deficient philtrum) because it suppresses prechordal plate outgrowth, thereby reducing neuroectoderm and neural crest induction and causing holoprosencephaly. Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) at premigratory stages elicits a different facial appearance, indicating FASD may represent a spectrum of facial outcomes. PAE at this premigratory period initiates a calcium transient that activates CaMKII and destabilizes transcriptionally active β-catenin, thereby initiating apoptosis within neural crest populations. Contributing to neural crest vulnerability are their low antioxidant responses. Ethanol-treated neural crest produce reactive oxygen species and free radical scavengers attenuate their production and prevent apoptosis. Ethanol also significantly impairs neural crest migration, causing cytoskeletal rearrangements that destabilize focal adhesion formation; their directional migratory capacity is also lost. Genetic factors further modify vulnerability to ethanol-induced craniofacial dysmorphology and include genes important for neural crest development, including shh signaling, PDFGA, vangl2, and ribosomal biogenesis. Because facial and brain development are mechanistically and functionally linked, research into ethanol's effects on neural crest also informs our understanding of ethanol's CNS pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
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Joya X, Garcia-Algar O, Salat-Batlle J, Pujades C, Vall O. Advances in the development of novel antioxidant therapies as an approach for fetal alcohol syndrome prevention. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 103:163-77. [PMID: 25131946 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol is the most common human teratogen, and its consumption during pregnancy can produce a wide range of abnormalities in infants known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). The major characteristics of FASD can be divided into: (i) growth retardation, (ii) craniofacial abnormalities, and (iii) central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. FASD is the most common cause of nongenetic mental retardation in Western countries. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms of ethanol neurotoxicity are not completely determined, the induction of oxidative stress is believed to be one central process linked to the development of the disease. Currently, there is no known effective strategy for prevention (other than alcohol avoidance) or treatment. In the present review we will provide the state of art in the evidence for the use of antioxidants as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment using whole-embryo and culture cells models of FASD. We conclude that the imbalance of the intracellular redox state contributes to the pathogenesis observed in FASD models, and we suggest that antioxidant therapy can be considered a new efficient strategy to mitigate the effects of prenatal ethanol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Joya
- Unitat de Recerca Infància i Entorn (URIE), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Red de Salud Materno-Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), Programa RETICS, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Smith SM, Garic A, Berres ME, Flentke GR. Genomic factors that shape craniofacial outcome and neural crest vulnerability in FASD. Front Genet 2014; 5:224. [PMID: 25147554 PMCID: PMC4124534 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) causes distinctive facial characteristics in some pregnancies and not others; genetic factors may contribute to this differential vulnerability. Ethanol disrupts multiple events of neural crest development, including induction, survival, migration, and differentiation. Animal models and genomic approaches have substantially advanced our understanding of the mechanisms underlying these facial changes. PAE during gastrulation produces craniofacial changes corresponding with human fetal alcohol syndrome. These result because PAE reduces prechordal plate extension and suppresses sonic hedgehog, leading to holoprosencephaly and malpositioned facial primordia. Haploinsufficiency in sonic hedgehog signaling increases vulnerability to facial deficits and may influence some PAE pregnancies. In contrast, PAE during early neurogenesis produces facial hypoplasia, preceded by neural crest reductions due to significant apoptosis. Factors mediating this apoptosis include intracellular calcium mobilization, elevated reactive oxygen species, and loss of trophic support from β-catenin/calcium, sonic hedgehog, and mTOR signaling. Genome-wide SNP analysis links PDGFRA with facial outcomes in human PAE. Multiple genomic-level comparisons of ethanol-sensitive and – resistant early embryos, in both mouse and chick, independently identify common candidate genes that may potentially modify craniofacial vulnerability, including ribosomal proteins, proteosome, RNA splicing, and focal adhesion. In summary, research using animal models with genome-level differences in ethanol vulnerability, as well as targeted loss-and gain-of-function mutants, has clarified the mechanisms mediating craniofacial change in PAE. The findings additionally suggest that craniofacial deficits may represent a gene–ethanol interaction for some affected individuals. Genetic-level changes may prime individuals toward greater sensitivity or resistance to ethanol’s neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ana Garic
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mark E Berres
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA
| | - George R Flentke
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA
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Liu Z, Liu Y, Gao R, Li H, Dunn T, Wu P, Smith RG, Sarkar PS, Fang X. Ethanol suppresses PGC-1α expression by interfering with the cAMP-CREB pathway in neuronal cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104247. [PMID: 25099937 PMCID: PMC4123904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol intoxication results in neuronal apoptosis, neurodegeneration and manifest with impaired balance, loss of muscle coordination and behavioral changes. One of the early events of alcohol intoxication is mitochondrial (Mt) dysfunction and disruption of intracellular redox homeostasis. The mechanisms by which alcohol causes Mt dysfunction, disrupts cellular redox homeostasis and triggers neurodegeneration remains to be further investigated. Proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) plays critical roles in regulating Mt biogenesis and respiration, cellular antioxidant defense mechanism, and maintenance of neuronal integrity and function. In this study, we sought to investigate whether alcohol causes Mt dysfunction and triggers neurodegeneration by suppressing PGC-1α expression. We report that ethanol suppresses PGC-1α expression, and impairs mitochondrial function and enhances cellular toxicity in cultured neuronal cell line and also in human fetal brain neural stem cell-derived primary neurons. Moreover, we report that cells over-expressing exogenous PGC-1α or treated with Rolipram, a selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, ameliorate alcohol-induced cellular toxicity. Further analysis show that ethanol decreases steady-state intracellular cAMP levels, and thus depletes phosphorylation of cAMP-response element binding protein (p-CREB), the key transcription factor that regulates transcription of PGC-1α gene. Accordingly, we found PGC-1α promoter activity and transcription was dramatically repressed in neuronal cells when exposed to ethanol, suggesting that ethanol blunts cAMP→CREB signaling pathway to interfere with the transcription of PGC-1α. Ethanol-mediated decrease in PGC-1α activity results in the disruption of Mt respiration and function and higher cellular toxicity. This study might lead to potential therapeutic intervention to ameliorate alcohol-induced apoptosis and/or neurodegeneration by targeting PGC-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Liu
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongping Liu
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Haixia Li
- Department of Internal Medicine/Gastroenterology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tiffany Dunn
- Department of Neuroscience & Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Neuroscience & Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert G. Smith
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Partha S. Sarkar
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience & Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xiang Fang
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Duan X, Liu D, Xing X, Li J, Zhao S, Nie H, Zhang Y, Sun G, Li B. Tert-butylhydroquinone as a phenolic activator of Nrf2 antagonizes arsenic-induced oxidative cytotoxicity but promotes arsenic methylation and detoxication in human hepatocyte cell line. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 160:294-302. [PMID: 24970285 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays crucial roles in exerting a variety of damages upon arsenic exposure. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is a master transcriptional regulator protecting cells and tissues from oxidative injuries. The objective of this study was to test whether tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), a well-known synthetic Nrf2 inducer, could protect human hepatocytes against arsenic-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative injuries. Our results showed that 5 and 25 μmol/l tBHQ pretreatment suppressed the arsenic-induced hepatocellular cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species generation, and hepatic lipid peroxidation, while relieved the arsenic-induced disturbances of intracellular glutathione balance. In addition, we also observed that tBHQ treatment promoted the arsenic biomethylation process and upregulated Nrf2-regulated downstream heme oxygenase-1 and NADPH: quinine oxidoreductase 1 mRNA expressions. Collectively, we suspected that Nrf2 signaling pathway may be involved in the protective effects of tBHQ against arsenic invasion in hepatocytes. These data suggest that phenolic Nrf2 inducers, such as tBHQ, represent novel therapeutic or dietary candidates for the population at high risk of arsenic poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Duan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Arsenic-Related Biological Effects and Prevention and Treatment in Liaoning Province, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 92 North 2nd Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
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Sahu BD, Kuncha M, Rachamalla SS, Sistla R. Lagerstroemia speciosa L. Attenuates Apoptosis in Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiotoxic Mice by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress: Possible Role of Nrf2/HO-1. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2014; 15:10-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-014-9263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Alarcón-Aguilar A, Luna-López A, Ventura-Gallegos JL, Lazzarini R, Galván-Arzate S, González-Puertos VY, Morán J, Santamaría A, Königsberg M. Primary cultured astrocytes from old rats are capable to activate the Nrf2 response against MPP+ toxicity after tBHQ pretreatment. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:1901-12. [PMID: 24650792 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.01.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are key players for brain physiology, protecting neurons by releasing antioxidant enzymes; however, they are also susceptible to damage by neurotoxins. Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) is a central regulator of the antioxidant response, and therefore, pharmacologic inducers are often used to activate this transcription factor to induce cellular protection. To date, it still remains unknown if cells from aged animals are capable of developing this response. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to determine if cortical astrocytes derived from old rats are able to respond to tertbuthyl-hydroquinene (tBHQ) pretreatment and stimulate the Nrf2-antioxidant response pathway to induce an antioxidant strategy against MPP+ toxicity, one of the most used molecules to model Parkinson's disease. Our results show that, although astrocytes from adult and old rats were more susceptible to MPP+ toxicity than astrocytes from newborn rats, when pretreated with tertbuthyl-hydroquinene, they were able to transactivate Nrf2, increasing antioxidant enzymes and developing cellular protection. These results are discussed in terms of the doses used to create protective responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Alarcón-Aguilar
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, ciudad de México, México
| | - Armando Luna-López
- Area de Ciencia Básica, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, SSA, ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José L Ventura-Gallegos
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, IIB, UNAM, ciudad de México, México; Departamento de Bioquímica, INCMNZS, ciudad de México, México
| | - Roberto Lazzarini
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, ciudad de México, México
| | - Sonia Galván-Arzate
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, SSA, ciudad de México, México
| | - Viridiana Y González-Puertos
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, ciudad de México, México
| | - Julio Morán
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, ciudad de México, México
| | - Abel Santamaría
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, SSA, México, México
| | - Mina Königsberg
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, ciudad de México, México.
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Sulik KK. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: pathogenesis and mechanisms. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2014; 125:463-75. [PMID: 25307590 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62619-6.00026-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of animal model-based studies that have generated information critical to our understanding of the pathogenesis and mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced birth defects, in particular those involving the brain. Focus is placed on the developing organism itself, rather than the mother, placenta, or other extraembryonic tissues. Components of the cascades of alcohol-induced damage that are considered herein are excessive cell death, changes in the cell cycle and proliferation, cell migration, cell morphogenesis, and gene expression as well as free radical damage and interference with cell signaling. The roles played by one or more of these various factors in the genesis of structural and functional birth defects are dependent upon alcohol exposure patterns and dosage, the involved tissue, and the prenatal stage(s) at the time of exposure. Technologic advances and rapidly increasing knowledge in the fields of genetics, cell, developmental, and neurobiology are critical to accurately piecing together experimental evidence in refining our understanding of the genesis of alcohol-induced birth defects, to the planning and execution of future studies, and to applying the knowledge gained to diminish the severity or occurrence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen K Sulik
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology and Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Wu KC, McDonald PR, Liu J, Klaassen CD. Screening of natural compounds as activators of the keap1-nrf2 pathway. PLANTA MEDICA 2014; 80:97-104. [PMID: 24310212 PMCID: PMC5505507 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1351097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 is a master regulator that promotes transcription of cytoprotective genes in response to oxidative/electrophilic stress. A large number of natural dietary compounds are thought to protect against oxidative stress, and a few have been reported to induce genes involved in antioxidant defense through activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. Therefore, a library of 54 natural compounds were collected to determine whether they are nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activators and to compare their efficacy and potency to activate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. The assay utilized AREc32 cells that contain a luciferase gene under the control of antioxidant response element promoters. Each natural compound was tested at 13 concentrations between 0.02 and 30 µM. Known nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activators tert-butylhydroquinone and 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-diene-28-imidazolide were used as positive controls in parallel with the natural compounds. Among the 54 tested natural compounds, andrographolide had the highest efficacy, followed by trans-chalcone, sulforaphane, curcumin, flavone, kahweol, and carnosol, all of which had better efficacy than tert-butylhydroquinone. Among the compounds tested, 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-diene-28-imidazolide was the most potent, having an EC50 of 0.41 µM. Seven of the natural compounds, namely andrographolide, trans-chalcone, sulforaphane, curcumin, flavone, kahweol, and cafestol had lower EC50 values than tert-butylhydroquinone but higher than 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-diene-28-imidazolide. The present study provides insights into which natural compounds activate the Keap1-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway and thus might be useful for detoxifying oxidative/electrophilic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai C Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Peter R McDonald
- High-Throughput Screening Core Facility, Structural Biology Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Curtis D. Klaassen, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA, OFFICE: 913-588-7714, (C.D. Klaassen)
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