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Jeon KB, Park HM, Kim S, Kim NY, Lee TE, Oh DK, Yoon DY. Phorbal-12-mysristate-13-acetate-induced inflammation is restored by protectin DX through PPARγ in human promonocytic U937 cells. Life Sci 2024; 336:122288. [PMID: 38007146 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Protectin DX (PDX), a specialized pro-resolving mediator, is an important pharmaceutical compound with potential antioxidant and inflammation-resolving effects. However, the fundamental mechanism by which PDX's ameliorate chronic inflammatory diseases has not yet been elucidated. This study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties and PPARγ-mediated mechanisms of PDX in phorbal-12-mysristate-13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated human promonocytic U937 cells. MAIN METHODS We confirmed the effects of PDX on expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines, mediators, and CD14 using conventional PCR, RT-qPCR, ELISA, and flow cytometry. Using western blotting, immunofluorescence, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) determination, we observed that PDX regulated PMA-induced signaling cascades. Molecular docking analysis and a cellular thermal shift assay were conducted to verify the interaction between PDX and the proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) ligand binding domain. Western blotting was then employed to explore the alterations in PPARγ expression levels and validate PDX as a PPARγ full agonist. KEY FINDINGS PDX attenuated protein and mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and cyclooxygenase-2 in PMA-treated U937 cells. PDX acts as a PPARγ agonist, exerting a modulating effect on the ROS/JNK/c-Fos signaling pathways. Furthermore, PDX reduced human monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 expression levels. SIGNIFICANCE PPARγ exhibits pro-resolving effects to regulate the excessive inflammation. These results suggest that PDX demonstrates the resolution of inflammation, indicating the potential for therapeutic targeting of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Bae Jeon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Min Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonhwa Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Yeon Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Eui Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Kun Oh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Beyer MP, Videla LA, Farías C, Valenzuela R. Potential Clinical Applications of Pro-Resolving Lipids Mediators from Docosahexaenoic Acid. Nutrients 2023; 15:3317. [PMID: 37571256 PMCID: PMC10421104 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3, DHA) is the precursor of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs), such as resolvin, protectin, and maresin families which have been considered therapeutic bioactive compounds for human health. Growing evidence indicates that DHA and SPMs are beneficial strategies in the amelioration, regulation, and duration of inflammatory processes through different biological actions. The present review discusses the reported therapeutic benefits of SPMs on various diseases and their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Paz Beyer
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (M.P.B.); (C.F.)
| | - Luis A. Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile;
| | - Camila Farías
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (M.P.B.); (C.F.)
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (M.P.B.); (C.F.)
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3
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Maltais R, Sancéau JY, Poirier D, Marette A. A Concise, Gram-Scale Total Synthesis of Protectin DX and Related Labeled Versions via a Key Stereoselective Reduction of Enediyne. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37172290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We report a gram-scale total synthesis of protectin DX (PDX) following a convergent synthetic route (24 steps) from l-malic acid. This novel synthetic strategy is based on the assembly of three main building blocks using a Sonogashira coupling reaction (blocks A and B) and Wittig olefination (block C) to provide the 22-carbon backbone of PDX. A key stereoselective reduction of enediyne leads to a central E,Z,E-trienic system of PDX and also gives access to its labeled versions (D and T).
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Affiliation(s)
- René Maltais
- Organic Synthesis Service, Medicinal Chemistry Platform, CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G2
| | - Jean-Yves Sancéau
- Organic Synthesis Service, Medicinal Chemistry Platform, CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G2
| | - Donald Poirier
- Organic Synthesis Service, Medicinal Chemistry Platform, CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G2
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - André Marette
- Department of Medicine, Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval Hospital, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G5
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4
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Pan G, Zhang P, Yang J, Wu Y. The regulatory effect of specialized pro-resolving mediators on immune cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113980. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Sipka T, Park SA, Ozbilgic R, Balas L, Durand T, Mikula K, Lutfalla G, Nguyen-Chi M. Macrophages undergo a behavioural switch during wound healing in zebrafish. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 192:200-212. [PMID: 36162743 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In response to wound signals, macrophages are immediately recruited to the injury where they acquire distinct phenotypes and functions, playing crucial roles both in host defense and healing process. Although macrophage phenotypes have been intensively studied during wound healing, mostly using markers and expression profiles, the impact of the wound environment on macrophage shape and behaviour, and the underlying mechanisms deserve more in-depth investigation. Here, we sought to characterize the dynamics of macrophage recruitment and behaviour during aseptic wounding of the caudal fin fold of the zebrafish larva. Using a photo-conversion approach, we demonstrated that macrophages are recruited to the wounded fin fold as a single wave where they switch their phenotype. Intravital imaging of macrophage shape and trajectories revealed that wound-macrophages display a highly stereotypical set of behaviours and change their shape from amoeboid to elongated shape as wound healing proceeds. Using a pharmacological inhibitor of 15-lipoxygenase and protectin D1, a specialized pro-resolving lipid, we investigated the role of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in macrophage behaviour. While inhibition of 15-lipoxygenase using PD146176 or Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) decreases the switch from amoeboid to elongated shape, protectin D1 accelerates macrophage reverse migration and favours elongated morphologies. Altogether, our findings suggest that individual macrophages at the wound switch their phenotype leading to important changes in behaviour and shape to adapt to changing environment, and highlight the crucial role of lipid metabolism in the control of macrophage behaviour plasticity during inflammation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Sipka
- LPHI, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Seol Ah Park
- Department of Mathematics and Descriptive Geometry, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Laurence Balas
- IBMM, UMR5247, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- IBMM, UMR5247, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Karol Mikula
- Department of Mathematics and Descriptive Geometry, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Slovakia
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Pflieger FJ, Wolf J, Feldotto M, Nockher A, Wenderoth T, Hernandez J, Roth J, Ott D, Rummel C. Norepinephrine Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated TNF-α but Not Oxylipin Induction in n-3/n-6 PUFA-Enriched Cultures of Circumventricular Organs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158745. [PMID: 35955879 PMCID: PMC9368774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory circumventricular organs (sCVOs) are pivotal brain structures involved in immune-to-brain communication with a leaky blood-brain barrier that detect circulating mediators such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Here, we aimed to investigate the potential of sCVOs to produce n-3 and n-6 oxylipins after LPS-stimulation. Moreover, we investigated if norepinephrine (NE) co-treatment can alter cytokine- and oxylipin-release. Thus, we stimulated rat primary neuroglial sCVO cultures under n-3- or n-6-enriched conditions with LPS or saline combined with NE or vehicle. Supernatants were assessed for cytokines by bioassays and oxylipins by HPLC-MS/MS. Expression of signaling pathways and enzymes were analyzed by RT-PCR. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α bioactivity and signaling, IL-10 expression, and cyclooxygenase (COX)2 were increased, epoxide hydroxylase (Ephx)2 was reduced, and lipoxygenase 15-(LOX) was not changed by LPS stimulation. Moreover, LPS induced increased levels of several n-6-derived oxylipins, including the COX-2 metabolite 15d-prostaglandin-J2 or the Ephx2 metabolite 14,15-DHET. For n-3-derived oxylipins, some were down- and some were upregulated, including 15-LOX-derived neuroprotectin D1 and 18-HEPE, known for their anti-inflammatory potential. While the LPS-induced increase in TNFα levels was significantly reduced by NE, oxylipins were not significantly altered by NE or changes in TNFα levels. In conclusion, LPS-induced oxylipins may play an important functional role in sCVOs for immune-to-brain communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Johannes Pflieger
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Wolf
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Pathobiochemistry, and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Martin Feldotto
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Nockher
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Pathobiochemistry, and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Tatjana Wenderoth
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jessica Hernandez
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Joachim Roth
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Ott
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Christoph Rummel
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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7
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Kotlyarov S, Kotlyarova A. Molecular Pharmacology of Inflammation Resolution in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094808. [PMID: 35563200 PMCID: PMC9104781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the most important problems of modern medicine as it is the leading cause of hospitalizations, disability, and mortality. The key role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis is the imbalance between the activation of inflammation in the vascular wall and the mechanisms of its control. The resolution of inflammation is the most important physiological mechanism that is impaired in atherosclerosis. The resolution of inflammation has complex, not fully known mechanisms, in which lipid mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play an important role. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) represent a group of substances that carry out inflammation resolution and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. SPMs include lipoxins, resolvins, maresins, and protectins, which are formed from PUFAs and regulate many processes related to the active resolution of inflammation. Given the physiological importance of these substances, studies examining the possibility of pharmacological effects on inflammation resolution are of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Kotlyarova
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia;
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8
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Liput KP, Lepczyński A, Ogłuszka M, Nawrocka A, Poławska E, Grzesiak A, Ślaska B, Pareek CS, Czarnik U, Pierzchała M. Effects of Dietary n-3 and n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Inflammation and Cancerogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6965. [PMID: 34203461 PMCID: PMC8268933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The dietary recommendation encourages reducing saturated fatty acids (SFA) in diet and replacing them with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) n-3 (omega-3) and n-6 (omega-6) to decrease the risk of metabolic disturbances. Consequently, excessive n-6 PUFAs content and high n-6/n-3 ratio are found in Western-type diet. The importance of a dietary n-6/n-3 ratio to prevent chronic diseases is linked with anti-inflammatory functions of linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) and longer-chain n-3 PUFAs. Thus, this review provides an overview of the role of oxylipins derived from n-3 PUFAs and oxylipins formed from n-6 PUFAs on inflammation. Evidence of PUFAs' role in carcinogenesis was also discussed. In vitro studies, animal cancer models and epidemiological studies demonstrate that these two PUFA groups have different effects on the cell growth, proliferation and progression of neoplastic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila P. Liput
- Department of Genomics and Biodiversity, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (K.P.L.); (M.O.); (A.N.); (E.P.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Adam Lepczyński
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, ul. K. Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (A.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Magdalena Ogłuszka
- Department of Genomics and Biodiversity, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (K.P.L.); (M.O.); (A.N.); (E.P.)
| | - Agata Nawrocka
- Department of Genomics and Biodiversity, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (K.P.L.); (M.O.); (A.N.); (E.P.)
- Department of Experimental Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Ewa Poławska
- Department of Genomics and Biodiversity, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (K.P.L.); (M.O.); (A.N.); (E.P.)
| | - Agata Grzesiak
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, ul. K. Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (A.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Brygida Ślaska
- Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Chandra S. Pareek
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. J. Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
- Division of Functional Genomics in Biological and Biomedical Research, Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Wilenska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Urszula Czarnik
- Department of Pig Breeding, Faculty of Animal Bio-Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. M. Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Pierzchała
- Department of Genomics and Biodiversity, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (K.P.L.); (M.O.); (A.N.); (E.P.)
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9
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Tsai WC, Kalyanaraman C, Yamaguchi A, Holinstat M, Jacobson MP, Holman TR. In Vitro Biosynthetic Pathway Investigations of Neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) and Protectin DX (PDX) by Human 12-Lipoxygenase, 15-Lipoxygenase-1, and 15-Lipoxygenase-2. Biochemistry 2021; 60:1741-1754. [PMID: 34029049 PMCID: PMC9007043 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, human platelet 12-lipoxygenase [h12-LOX (ALOX12)], human reticulocyte 15-lipoxygenase-1 [h15-LOX-1 (ALOX15)], and human epithelial 15-lipoxygenase-2 [h15-LOX-2 (ALOX15B)] were observed to react with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and produce 17S-hydroperoxy-4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (17S-HpDHA). The kcat/KM values with DHA for h12-LOX, h15-LOX-1, and h15-LOX-2 were 12, 0.35, and 0.43 s-1 μM-1, respectively, which demonstrate h12-LOX as the most efficient of the three. These values are comparable to their counterpart kcat/KM values with arachidonic acid (AA), 14, 0.98, and 0.24 s-1 μM-1, respectively. Comparison of their product profiles with DHA demonstrates that the three LOX isozymes produce 11S-HpDHA, 14S-HpDHA, and 17S-HpDHA, to varying degrees, with 17S-HpDHA being the majority product only for the 15-LOX isozymes. The effective kcat/KM values (kcat/KM × percent product formation) for 17S-HpDHA of the three isozymes indicate that the in vitro value of h12-LOX was 2.8-fold greater than that of h15-LOX-1 and 1.3-fold greater than that of h15-LOX-2. 17S-HpDHA was an effective substrate for h12-LOX and h15-LOX-1, with four products being observed under reducing conditions: protectin DX (PDX), 16S,17S-epoxy-4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,14E,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (16S,17S-epoxyDHA), the key intermediate in neuroprotection D1 biosynthesis [NPD1, also known as protectin D1 (PD1)], 11,17S-diHDHA, and 16,17S-diHDHA. However, h15-LOX-2 did not react with 17-HpDHA. With respect to their effective kcat/KM values, h12-LOX was markedly less effective than h15-LOX-1 in reacting with 17S-HpDHA, with a 55-fold lower effective kcat/KM in producing 16S,17S-epoxyDHA and a 27-fold lower effective kcat/KM in generating PDX. This is the first direct demonstration of h15-LOX-1 catalyzing this reaction and reveals an in vitro pathway for PDX and NPD1 intermediate biosynthesis. In addition, epoxide formation from 17S-HpDHA and h15-LOX-1 was negatively affected via allosteric regulation by 17S-HpDHA (Kd = 5.9 μM), 12S-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (12S-HETE) (Kd = 2.5 μM), and 17S-hydroxy-13Z,15E,19Z-docosatrienoic acid (17S-HDTA) (Kd = 1.4 μM), suggesting a possible regulatory pathway in reducing epoxide formation. Finally, 17S-HpDHA and PDX inhibited platelet aggregation, with EC50 values of approximately 1 and 3 μM, respectively. The in vitro results presented here may help advise in vivo PDX and NPD1 intermediate (i.e., 16S,17S-epoxyDHA) biosynthetic investigations and support the benefits of DHA rich diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chen Tsai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Chakrapani Kalyanaraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Adriana Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Matthew P Jacobson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Theodore R Holman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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10
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Jin J, Boeglin WE, Brash AR. Analysis of 12/15-lipoxygenase metabolism of EPA and DHA with special attention to authentication of docosatrienes. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100088. [PMID: 34022182 PMCID: PMC8219989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A proposed beneficial impact of highly unsaturated “fish oil” fatty acids is their conversion by lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes to specialized proresolving lipid mediators, including 12/15-LOX products from EPA and DHA. The transformations of DHA include formation of docosatrienes, named for the distinctive conjugated triene of the double bonds. To further the understanding of biosynthetic pathways and mechanisms, herein we meld together biosynthesis and NMR characterization of the unstable leukotriene A (LTA)-related epoxide intermediates formed by recombinant human 15-LOX-1, along with identification of the stable enzymatic products, and extend the findings into the 12/15-LOX metabolism in resident murine peritoneal macrophages. Oxygenation of EPA by 15-LOX-1 converts the initial 15S-hydroperoxide to 14S,15S-trans-epoxy-5Z,8Z,10E,12E,17Z-EPA (appearing as its 8,15-diol hydrolysis products) and mixtures of dihydroperoxy fatty acids, while mainly the epoxide hydrolysis products are evident in the murine cells. DHA also undergoes transformations to epoxides and dihydroperoxides by 15-LOX-1, resulting in a mixture of 10,17-dihydro(pero)xy derivatives (docosatrienes) and minor 7S,17S- and 14,17S-dihydroperoxides. The 10,17S-dihydroxy hydrolysis products of the LTA-related epoxide intermediate dominate the product profile in mouse macrophages, whereas (neuro)protectin D1, the leukotriene B4-related derivative with trans,trans,cis conjugated triene, was undetectable. In this study, we emphasize the utility of UV spectral characteristics for product identification, being diagnostic of the different double bond configurations and hydroxy fatty acid functionality versus hydroperoxide. LC-MS is not definitive for configurational isomers. Secure identification is based on chromatographic retention times, comparison with authentic standards, and the highly distinctive UV spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and the Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - William E Boeglin
- Department of Pharmacology and the Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alan R Brash
- Department of Pharmacology and the Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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11
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Sandhaus S, Swick AG. Specialized proresolving mediators in infection and lung injury. Biofactors 2021; 47:6-18. [PMID: 33249673 PMCID: PMC7744833 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) are endogenous lipid metabolites of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids that are involved in promoting the resolution of inflammation. Many disease conditions characterized by excessive inflammation have impaired or altered SPM biosynthesis, which may lead to chronic, unresolved inflammation. Exogenous administration of SPMs in infectious conditions has been shown to be effective at improving infection clearance and survival in preclinical models. SPMs have also shown tremendous promise in the context of inflammatory lung conditions, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, mostly in preclinical settings. To date, SPMs have not been studied in the context of the novel Coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), however their preclinical efficacy in combatting infections and improving acute respiratory distress suggest they may be a valuable resource in the fight against Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Overall, while the research on SPMs is still evolving, they may offer a novel therapeutic option for inflammatory conditions.
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MESH Headings
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
- COVID-19/metabolism
- COVID-19/pathology
- COVID-19/virology
- Docosahexaenoic Acids/therapeutic use
- Herpes Simplex/drug therapy
- Herpes Simplex/metabolism
- Herpes Simplex/pathology
- Humans
- Influenza, Human/drug therapy
- Influenza, Human/metabolism
- Influenza, Human/pathology
- Lipoxins/therapeutic use
- Lung/drug effects
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Lung Injury/drug therapy
- Lung Injury/metabolism
- Lung Injury/pathology
- Lung Injury/virology
- Periodontitis/drug therapy
- Periodontitis/metabolism
- Periodontitis/pathology
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/metabolism
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/pathology
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/virology
- Respiratory Distress Syndrome/drug therapy
- Respiratory Distress Syndrome/metabolism
- Respiratory Distress Syndrome/pathology
- Respiratory Distress Syndrome/virology
- SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity
- Sepsis/drug therapy
- Sepsis/metabolism
- Sepsis/pathology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/pathology
- COVID-19 Drug Treatment
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12
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Perry SC, Horn T, Tourdot BE, Yamaguchi A, Kalyanaraman C, Conrad WS, Akinkugbe O, Holinstat M, Jacobson MP, Holman TR. Role of Human 15-Lipoxygenase-2 in the Biosynthesis of the Lipoxin Intermediate, 5S,15S-diHpETE, Implicated with the Altered Positional Specificity of Human 15-Lipoxygenase-1. Biochemistry 2020; 59:4118-4130. [PMID: 33048542 PMCID: PMC7721368 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The oxylipins, 5S,12S-dihydroxy-6E,8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (5S,12S-diHETE) and 5S,15S-dihydroxy-6E,8Z,11Z,13E-eicosatetraenoic acid (5S,15S-diHETE), have been identified in cell exudates and have chemotactic activity toward eosinophils and neutrophils. Their biosynthesis has been proposed to occur by sequential oxidations of arachidonic acid (AA) by lipoxygenase enzymes, specifically through oxidation of AA by h5-LOX followed by h12-LOX, h15-LOX-1, or h15-LOX-2. In this work, h15-LOX-1 demonstrates altered positional specificity when reacting with 5S-HETE, producing 90% 5S,12S-diHETE, instead of 5S,15S-diHETE, with kinetics 5-fold greater than that of h12-LOX. This is consistent with previous work in which h15-LOX-1 reacts with 7S-HDHA, producing the noncanonical, DHA-derived, specialized pro-resolving mediator, 7S,14S-diHDHA. It is also determined that oxygenation of 5S-HETE by h15-LOX-2 produces 5S,15S-diHETE and its biosynthetic kcat/KM flux is 2-fold greater than that of h15-LOX-1, suggesting that h15-LOX-2 may have a greater role in lipoxin biosynthesis than previously thought. In addition, it is shown that oxygenation of 12S-HETE and 15S-HETE by h5-LOX is kinetically slow, suggesting that the first step in the in vitro biosynthesis of both 5S,12S-diHETE and 5S,15S-diHETE is the production of 5S-HETE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Perry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Thomas Horn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Benjamin E Tourdot
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Adriana Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Chakrapani Kalyanaraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - William S Conrad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Oluwayomi Akinkugbe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Matthew P Jacobson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Theodore R Holman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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13
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Nguyen-Chi M, Luz-Crawford P, Balas L, Sipka T, Contreras-López R, Barthelaix A, Lutfalla G, Durand T, Jorgensen C, Djouad F. Pro-resolving mediator protectin D1 promotes epimorphic regeneration by controlling immune cell function in vertebrates. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:4055-4073. [PMID: 32520398 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are a family of lipids controlling the resolution of inflammation and playing a role in many processes including organ protection and tissue repair. While SPMs are potent bioactive molecules in vivo, their role in epimorphic regeneration of organs in vertebrates has not been tested. Using the zebrafish larva as a robust regenerative vertebrate system, we studied the role of the SPM neuroprotectin/protectin D1 (PD1) during the caudal fin fold regeneration. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Regeneration of the fin fold was analysed when exposed to a synthetic PD1. The effect of PD1 on immune cell recruitment and activation was further investigated using live imaging combined with fluorescent reporter lines. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we dissected the role of neutrophils and macrophages on driving the pro-regenerative effect of PD1. KEY RESULTS We showed that PD1 improves fin fold regeneration. Acting in a narrow time window during regeneration, PD1 accelerates the resolution of inflammation without affecting the initial kinetic of neutrophil recruitment but instead, promotes their reverse migration potential. In addition, PD1 induces macrophage polarization switch towards non-inflammatory states in both zebrafish and mammalian system. Finally, macrophages but not neutrophils are essential for PD1-mediated regeneration. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These results reveal the pro-regenerative action of PD1 and its role in regulating neutrophil and macrophage response in vertebrates. These findings strongly support the development of pro-resolving mediators as natural therapeutic candidates for degenerative disorders and the use of the zebrafish as a tool to investigate pro-regenerative drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Nguyen-Chi
- IRMB, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,LPHI, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Patricia Luz-Crawford
- Centro de Investigación Biomédical, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Laurence Balas
- IBMM, UMR5247, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Tamara Sipka
- LPHI, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Rafael Contreras-López
- IRMB, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Centro de Investigación Biomédical, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Audrey Barthelaix
- IRMB, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Thierry Durand
- IBMM, UMR5247, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Farida Djouad
- IRMB, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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14
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Perry SC, Kalyanaraman C, Tourdot BE, Conrad WS, Akinkugbe O, Freedman JC, Holinstat M, Jacobson MP, Holman TR. 15-Lipoxygenase-1 biosynthesis of 7S,14S-diHDHA implicates 15-lipoxygenase-2 in biosynthesis of resolvin D5. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:1087-1103. [PMID: 32404334 PMCID: PMC7328043 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120000777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The two oxylipins 7S,14S-dihydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (diHDHA) and 7S,17S-diHDHA [resolvin D5 (RvD5)] have been found in macrophages and infectious inflammatory exudates and are believed to function as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). Their biosynthesis is thought to proceed through sequential oxidations of DHA by lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes, specifically, by human 5-LOX (h5-LOX) first to 7(S)-hydroxy-4Z,8E,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-DHA (7S-HDHA), followed by human platelet 12-LOX (h12-LOX) to form 7(S),14(S)-dihydroxy-4Z,8E,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z-DHA (7S,14S-diHDHA) or human reticulocyte 15-LOX-1 (h15-LOX-1) to form RvD5. In this work, we determined that oxidation of 7(S)-hydroperoxy-4Z,8E,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-DHA to 7S,14S-diHDHA is performed with similar kinetics by either h12-LOX or h15-LOX-1. The oxidation at C14 of DHA by h12-LOX was expected, but the noncanonical reaction of h15-LOX-1 to make over 80% 7S,14S-diHDHA was larger than expected. Results of computer modeling suggested that the alcohol on C7 of 7S-HDHA hydrogen bonds with the backbone carbonyl of Ile399, forcing the hydrogen abstraction from C12 to oxygenate on C14 but not C17. This result raised questions regarding the synthesis of RvD5. Strikingly, we found that h15-LOX-2 oxygenates 7S-HDHA almost exclusively at C17, forming RvD5 with faster kinetics than does h15-LOX-1. The presence of h15-LOX-2 in neutrophils and macrophages suggests that it may have a greater role in biosynthesizing SPMs than previously thought. We also determined that the reactions of h5-LOX with 14(S)-hydroperoxy-4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z-DHA and 17(S)-hydroperoxy-4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z-DHA are kinetically slow compared with DHA, suggesting that these reactions may be minor biosynthetic routes in vivo. Additionally, we show that 7S,14S-diHDHA and RvD5 have anti-aggregation properties with platelets at low micromolar potencies, which could directly regulate clot resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Perry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Chakrapani Kalyanaraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Benjamin E Tourdot
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - William S Conrad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Oluwayomi Akinkugbe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - John Cody Freedman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Matthew P Jacobson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Theodore R Holman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064. mailto:
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15
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Schots PC, Pedersen AM, Eilertsen KE, Olsen RL, Larsen TS. Possible Health Effects of a Wax Ester Rich Marine Oil. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:961. [PMID: 32676029 PMCID: PMC7333527 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of seafood and the use of fish oil for the production of nutraceuticals and fish feed have increased over the past decades due the high content of long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids. This increase has put pressure on the sustainability of fisheries. One way to overcome the limited supply of fish oil is to harvest lower in the marine food web. Calanus finmarchicus, feeding on phytoplankton, is a small copepod constituting a considerable biomass in the North Atlantic and is a novel source of omega-3 fatty acids. The oil is, however, different from other commercial marine oils in terms of chemistry and, possibly, bioactivity since it contains wax esters. Wax esters are fatty acids that are esterified with alcohols. In addition to the long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the oil is also rich in stearidonic acid (SDA), long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids, and the long-chain fatty alcohols eicosenol and docosenol. Recent animal studies have indicated anti-inflammatory and anti-obesogenic actions of this copepod oil beyond that provided by EPA and DHA. This review will discuss potential mechanisms behind these beneficial effects of the oil, focusing on the impact of the various components of the oil. The health effects of EPA and DHA are well recognized, whereas long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids and long-chain fatty alcohols have to a large degree been overlooked in relation to human health. Recently, however the fatty alcohols have received interest as potential targets for improved health via conversion to their corresponding fatty acids. Together, the different lipid components of the oil from C. finmarchicus may have potential as nutraceuticals for reducing obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauke Carlijn Schots
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Karl-Erik Eilertsen
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ragnar Ludvig Olsen
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Terje Steinar Larsen
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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16
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Freedman C, Tran A, Tourdot BE, Kalyanaraman C, Perry S, Holinstat M, Jacobson MP, Holman TR. Biosynthesis of the Maresin Intermediate, 13S,14S-Epoxy-DHA, by Human 15-Lipoxygenase and 12-Lipoxygenase and Its Regulation through Negative Allosteric Modulators. Biochemistry 2020; 59:1832-1844. [PMID: 32324389 PMCID: PMC7729281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human reticulocyte 15-lipoxygenase-1 (h15-LOX-1 or ALOX15) and platelet 12-lipoxygenase (h12-LOX or ALOX12) catalysis of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and the maresin precursor, 14S-hydroperoxy-4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (14S-HpDHA), were investigated to determine their product profiles and relative rates in the biosynthesis of the key maresin intermediate, 13S,14S-epoxy-4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (13S,14S-epoxy-DHA). Both enzymes converted DHA to 14S-HpDHA, with h12-LOX having a 39-fold greater kcat/KM value (14.0 ± 0.8 s-1 μM-1) than that of h15-LOX-1 (0.36 ± 0.08 s-1 μM-1) and a 1.8-fold greater 14S-HpDHA product selectivity, 81 and 46%, respectively. However, h12-LOX was markedly less effective at producing 13S,14S-epoxy-DHA from 14S-HpDHA than h15-LOX-1, with a 4.6-fold smaller kcat/KM value, 0.0024 ± 0.0002 and 0.11 ± 0.006 s-1 μM-1, respectively. This is the first evidence of h15-LOX-1 to catalyze this reaction and reveals a novel in vitro pathway for maresin biosynthesis. In addition, epoxidation of 14S-HpDHA is negatively regulated through allosteric oxylipin binding to h15-LOX-1 and h12-LOX. For h15-LOX-1, 14S-HpDHA (Kd = 6.0 μM), 12S-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (12S-HETE) (Kd = 3.5 μM), and 14S-hydroxy-7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z-docosapentaenoic acid (14S-HDPAω-3) (Kd = 4.0 μM) were shown to decrease 13S,14S-epoxy-DHA production. h12-LOX was also shown to be allosterically regulated by 14S-HpDHA (Kd = 3.5 μM) and 14S-HDPAω-3 (Kd = 4.0 μM); however, 12S-HETE showed no effect, indicating for the first time an allosteric response by h12-LOX. Finally, 14S-HpDHA inhibited platelet aggregation at a submicrololar concentration, which may have implications in the benefits of diets rich in DHA. These in vitro biosynthetic pathways may help guide in vivo maresin biosynthetic investigations and possibly direct therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Freedman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Adrianne Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Benjamin E Tourdot
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Chakrapani Kalyanaraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Steve Perry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Matthew P Jacobson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Theodore R Holman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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17
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Dasilva G, Medina I. Lipidomic methodologies for biomarkers of chronic inflammation in nutritional research: ω-3 and ω-6 lipid mediators. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 144:90-109. [PMID: 30902758 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionary history of hominins has been characterized by significant dietary changes, which include the introduction of meat eating, cooking, and the changes associated with plant and animal domestication. The Western pattern diet has been linked with the onset of chronic inflammation, and serious health problems including obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases. Diets enriched with ω-3 marine PUFAs have revealed additional improvements in health status associated to a reduction of proinflammatory ω-3 and ω-6 lipid mediators. Lipid mediators are produced from enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidation of PUFAs. Interest in better understanding the occurrence of these metabolites has increased exponentially as a result of the growing evidence of their role on inflammatory processes, control of the immune system, cell signaling, onset of metabolic diseases, or even cancer. The scope of this review has been to highlight the recent findings on: a) the formation of lipid mediators and their role in different inflammatory and metabolic conditions, b) the direct use of lipid mediators as antiinflammatory drugs or the potential of new drugs as a new therapeutic option for the synthesis of antiinflammatory or resolving lipid mediators and c) the impact of nutritional interventions to modulate lipid mediators synthesis towards antiinflammatory conditions. In a second part, we have summarized methodological approaches (Lipidomics) for the accurate analysis of lipid mediators. Although several techniques have been used, most authors preferred the combination of SPE with LC-MS. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are herein addressed, as well as the main LC-MS difficulties and challenges for the establishment of new biomarkers and standardization of experimental designs, and finally to deepen the study of mechanisms involved on the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Dasilva
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC), c/Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Isabel Medina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC), c/Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
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18
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Balas L, Risé P, Gandrath D, Rovati G, Bolego C, Stellari F, Trenti A, Buccellati C, Durand T, Sala A. Rapid Metabolization of Protectin D1 by β-Oxidation of Its Polar Head Chain. J Med Chem 2019; 62:9961-9975. [PMID: 31626541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Protectin D1 [neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1), PD1] has been proposed to play a key role in the resolution of inflammation. Aside from its ω-monohydroxylated metabolite, little has been reported on its metabolic fate. Upon NPD1 incubation in HepG2 cells, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) revealed the formation of two main metabolites, identified as 2,3-dinor-NPD1 and 2,3,4,5-tetranor-NPD1 by comparison with standards obtained through demanding total chemical syntheses. These data represent the first evidence of β-oxidation occurring in specialized proresolving mediators and show that the biotransformation of NPD1 by human hepatoma cells is extremely rapid and faster than that of leukotriene (LTE4). Unlike LTE4, the main metabolic process occurs from the polar head chain of NPD1. It may limit NPD1 systemic circulation and prevent its urinary excretion, making difficult its detection and quantitation in vivo. Interestingly, tetranor-NPD1, but not dinor-NPD1, maintained the bioactivity of the parent NPD1, inhibiting neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro and neutrophil tissue infiltration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Balas
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) , UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM , 34093 Montpellier , France
| | - Patrizia Risé
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Balzaretti 9 , 20133 Milano , Italia
| | - Dayaker Gandrath
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) , UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM , 34093 Montpellier , France
| | - Gianenrico Rovati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Balzaretti 9 , 20133 Milano , Italia
| | - Chiara Bolego
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco , Università di Padova , Largo Meneghetti 2 , 35131 Padova , Italia
| | - Fabio Stellari
- Chiesi Farmaceutici , Via Paradigna , 43122 Parma , Italia
| | - Annalisa Trenti
- Dipartimento di Medicina , Università di Padova, Padova , Via Giustiniani 2 , 35131 Padova , Italia
| | - Carola Buccellati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Balzaretti 9 , 20133 Milano , Italia
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) , UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM , 34093 Montpellier , France
| | - Angelo Sala
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Balzaretti 9 , 20133 Milano , Italia.,IBIM , Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Via Ugo la Malfa 153 , 90146 Palermo , Italia
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19
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Tobón-Arroyave SI, Isaza-Guzmán DM, Gómez-Ortega J, Flórez-Alzate AA. Salivary levels of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators as indicators of periodontal health/disease status. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46:978-990. [PMID: 31339183 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM This cross-sectional case-control study aimed to determine if salivary levels of lipoxin A4 (LXA4), protectin D1 (PD1), resolvin E1 (RvE1) and maresin 1 (MaR1) might constitute a reflection of periodontal health/disease status. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and two periodontitis patients and 61 healthy controls were recruited. Periodontal clinical status was determined by criteria based on full-mouth clinico-radiographical data. Salivary concentration of the analytes was calculated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The association between the biomarkers with disease status was assessed individually and adjusted for confounding using multivariate binary logistic regression models. RESULTS Significantly decreased LXA4 and increased PD1/MaR1 salivary levels were detected in periodontitis patients in comparison with healthy controls. However, no significant differences were observed for RvE1 levels between clinical groups. Clinical parameters such as probing depth, clinical attachment loss and extent were negatively correlated with LXA4, positively correlated with PD1/MaR1 and not correlated with RvE1 salivary levels. Logistic regression analyses revealed a strong/independent association of LXA4, PD1 and MaR1 salivary levels regarding disease status. Interaction effects between demographic predictor variables and salivary concentration of LXA4, PD1 and MaR1 were also identified. CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrated a strong/independent association between reduced LXA4 and increased PD1/MaR1 salivary levels with periodontitis suggesting an imbalance in the specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) in periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Iván Tobón-Arroyave
- Laboratory of Immunodetection and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Diana María Isaza-Guzmán
- Laboratory of Immunodetection and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juliana Gómez-Ortega
- Laboratory of Immunodetection and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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20
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Schultz D, Methling K, Rothe M, Lalk M. Eicosanoid Profile of Influenza A Virus Infected Pigs. Metabolites 2019; 9:E130. [PMID: 31277231 PMCID: PMC6680658 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9070130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections caused by the Influenza A virus (IAV) are a worldwide problem for human and animal health. Within this study, we analyzed the impact of IAV infection on the immune-related lipidome (eicosanoids) of the pig as new infection model. For this purpose, we performed HPLC-MS/MS using dynamic multiple reaction monitoring and analyzed lung, spleen, blood plasma and bronchoalveolar lavages. IAV infection leads to collective changes in the levels of the analyzed hydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (HETEs), hydroxydocosahexaenoic acids (HDHAs) and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), and moreover, unique eicosanoid changes in several sample types, even under mild infection conditions. In accordance with different mouse infection studies, we observed infection-related patterns for 12-HETE, 15-HETE and 17-HDHA, which seem to be common for IAV infection. Using a long-term approach of 21 days we established an experimental setup that can be used also for bacterial-viral coinfection experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schultz
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karen Methling
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Michael Lalk
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
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Guichardant M, Véricel E, Lagarde M. Biological relevance of double lipoxygenase products of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially within blood vessels and brain. Biochimie 2019; 159:55-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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22
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Kutzner L, Rund KM, Ostermann AI, Hartung NM, Galano JM, Balas L, Durand T, Balzer MS, David S, Schebb NH. Development of an Optimized LC-MS Method for the Detection of Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators in Biological Samples. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:169. [PMID: 30899221 PMCID: PMC6416208 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3 PUFA) are believed to be partly mediated by their oxygenated metabolites (oxylipins). In the last two decades interest in a novel group of autacoids termed specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) increased. These are actively involved in the resolution of inflammation. SPMs are multiple hydroxylated fatty acids including resolvins, maresins, and protectins derived from the n3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as well as lipoxins derived from arachidonic acid (ARA). In the present paper, we developed an LC-MS/MS method for a comprehensive set of 18 SPMs derived from ARA, EPA, and DHA and integrated it into our targeted metabolomics platform. Quantification was based on external calibration utilizing five deuterated internal standards in combination with a second internal standard for quality assessment of sample preparation in each sample. The tandem mass spectrometric parameters were carefully optimized for sensitive and specific detection. The influence of source parameters of the used AB Sciex 6500 QTRAP instrument as well as electronic parameters and the selection of transitions are discussed. The method was validated/characterized based on the criteria listed in the European Medicines Agency (EMA) guideline on bioanalytical method validation and method performance is demonstrated regarding recovery of internal standards (between 78 ± 4% and 87 ± 3% from 500 μL of human serum) as well as extraction efficacy of SPMs in spiked plasma (intra-day accuracy within ±20 and ±15% at 0.1 and 0.3 nM in plasma, respectively). Based on the lower limit of quantification of 0.02-0.2 nM, corresponding to 0.18-2.7 pg on column, SPMs were generally not detectable/quantifiable in plasma and serum supporting that circulating levels of SPMs are very low, i.e., <0.1 nM in healthy subjects. Following septic shock or peritonitis, SPMs could be quantified in the samples of several patients. However, in these studies with a small number of patients no clear correlation with severity of inflammation could be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kutzner
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Katharina M Rund
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Annika I Ostermann
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Nicole M Hartung
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurence Balas
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Michael S Balzer
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sascha David
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
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23
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Sancéau JY, Maltais R, Poirier D, Marette A. Total Synthesis of the Antidiabetic (Type 2) Lipid Mediator Protectin DX/PDX. J Org Chem 2018; 84:495-505. [PMID: 30586310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of a lipid mediator derived from natural ω-3-fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 10 S,17 S-diHDHA (also referred to as protectin DX/PDX), was achieved in a convergent route (29 steps). The two chiral hydroxyl groups at C-10 and C-17 were derived from readily available ( S)-1,2,4-butanetriol and ( R)-glycidol, respectively. The two stereodefined E-double bonds were generated by a Takai olefination, and the skipped diene side chain was introduced with a stereocontrolled Wittig olefination. Importantly, the sensitive conjugated E, Z, E-triene intermediate was generated by a Boland reduction of the central triple bond of a E, E-dienyne. Overall, this synthetic strategy should allow the preparation of a larger quantity of PDX, which is inaccessible via previously reported biosynthetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Yves Sancéau
- Organic Synthesis Service, Medicinal Chemistry Platform , Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Research Center , Québec , QC , G1V 4G2 , Canada
| | - René Maltais
- Organic Synthesis Service, Medicinal Chemistry Platform , Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Research Center , Québec , QC , G1V 4G2 , Canada
| | - Donald Poirier
- Organic Synthesis Service, Medicinal Chemistry Platform , Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Research Center , Québec , QC , G1V 4G2 , Canada.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Université Laval , Québec , QC , G1V 0A6 , Canada
| | - André Marette
- Department of Medicine , Québec Heart and Lung Institute , Laval Hospital, Québec , QC G1V 4G5 , Canada
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Tan W, Chen L, Wang YX, Hu LS, Xiong W, Shang Y, Yao SL. Protectin DX Exhibits Protective Effects in Mouse Model of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:1167-1173. [PMID: 29553051 PMCID: PMC5956767 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.227618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe disease with high mortality and poor prognosis. Protectin DX (PDX), a pro-resolving lipid mediator, exhibits protective effects in ALI. Our experiment aimed to explore the effects and related mechanisms of PDX in mice with ALI induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods: BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups: sham, LPS, LPS plus 1 ng of PDX (LPS + PDX-1 ng), LPS plus 10 ng of PDX (LPS + PDX-10 ng), and LPS plus 100 ng of PDX (LPS + PDX-100 ng). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) were collected after 24 h, and total cells, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocyte-macrophages, and lymphocytes in BALF were enumerated. The concentration of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, and MIP-2 in BALF was determined, and histopathological changes of the lung were observed. The concentration of protein in BALF and lung wet/dry weight ratios were detected to evaluate pulmonary edema. After determining the optimal dose of PDX, neutrophil–platelet interactions in whole blood were evaluated by flow cytometry. Results: The highest dose of PDX (100 ng/mouse) failed to provide pulmonary protective effects, whereas lower doses of PDX (1 ng/mouse and 10 ng/mouse), especially 1 ng PDX, alleviated pulmonary histopathological changes, mitigated LPS-induced ALI and pulmonary edema, inhibited neutrophil infiltration, and reduced pro-inflammatory mediator (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and MIP-1α) levels. Meanwhile, 1 ng PDX exhibited pro-resolving functions in ALI including upregulation of monocyte-macrophage numbers and anti-inflammatory mediator IL-10 levels. The flow cytometry results showed that PDX could inhibit neutrophil–platelet interactions in ALI. Conclusion: PDX exerts protective effects in LPS-induced ALI by mitigating pulmonary inflammation and abrogating neutrophil–platelet interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Ya-Xin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Li-Sha Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - You Shang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Shang-Long Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
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25
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Yuan ZX, Majchrzak-Hong S, Keyes GS, Iadarola MJ, Mannes AJ, Ramsden CE. Lipidomic profiling of targeted oxylipins with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:6009-6029. [PMID: 30074088 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1222-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxylipins are bioactive mediators that play diverse roles in (patho)physiology. We developed a sensitive and selective ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous profiling of 57 targeted oxylipins derived from five major n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that serve as oxylipin precursors, including linoleic (LA), arachidonic (AA), alpha-linolenic (ALA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA), and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids. The targeted oxylipin panel provides broad coverage of lipid mediators and pathway markers generated from cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, cytochrome P450 epoxygenases/hydroxylases, and non-enzymatic oxidation pathways. The method is based on combination of protein precipitation and solid-phase extraction (SPE) for sample preparation, followed by UPLC-MS/MS. This is the first methodology to incorporate four hydroxy-epoxy-octadecenoic acids and four keto-epoxy-octadecenoic acids into an oxylipin profiling network. The novel method achieves excellent resolution and allows in-depth analysis of isomeric and isobaric species of oxylipin extracts in biological samples. The method was quantitatively characterized in human plasma with good linearity (R = 0.990-0.999), acceptable reproducibility (relative standard deviation (RSD) < 20% for the majority of analytes), accuracy (67.8 to 129.3%) for all analytes, and recovery (66.8-121.2%) for all analytes except 5,6-EET. Ion enhancement effects for 28% of the analytes in tested concentrations were observed in plasma, but were reproducible with RSD < 17.2%. Basal levels of targeted oxylipins determined in plasma and serum are in agreement with those previously reported in literature. The method has been successfully applied in clinical and preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xin Yuan
- Lipid Mediators, Inflammation, and Pain Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging/NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Sharon Majchrzak-Hong
- Section of Nutritional Neuroscience, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gregory S Keyes
- Lipid Mediators, Inflammation, and Pain Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging/NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Iadarola
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew J Mannes
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher E Ramsden
- Lipid Mediators, Inflammation, and Pain Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging/NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Section of Nutritional Neuroscience, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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26
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Caron JP, Gandy JC, Brown JL, Sordillo LM. Docosahexaenoic acid-derived oxidized lipid metabolites modulate the inflammatory response of lipolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2018; 136:76-83. [PMID: 29763660 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation has demonstrated beneficial effects in a number of inflammatory diseases. Increasingly, important contributions to its favorable effects are attributed downstream metabolites called docosanoids. Herein, we investigated the role of DHA-derived oxidized lipid metabolites on inflammatory mediator expression by RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. Specifically, macrophage incorporation of DHA, and the resultant biosynthesis of selected pro-resolving docosanoids was quantified. Docosanoid effects on the expression of selected pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated cultures was determined. Macrophages incorporated DHA in significant amounts. In the presence of DHA macrophages produced statistically significant amounts of several putative pro-resolving docosanoids compared to untreated controls. Among them, resolvins D1 and D2 and maresin 1 abrogated COX-2 and IL-1β gene expression in LPS-stimulated macrophages. In addition to these mediators, protectin DX inhibited LPS-stimulated macrophage expression of IL-6. Our results demonstrate that macrophages incorporate DHA in quantities sufficient for the biosynthesis of biologically-relevant concentrations of a number of pro-resolving docosanoids, certain of which modulate the inflammatory response of macrophages under conditions mimicking acute inflammation. These data provide further information on the mechanism(s) by which DHA exerts salutary effects on the inflammatory response of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Caron
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48823-1314, USA.
| | - Jeffrey C Gandy
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48823-1314, USA
| | - Jennifer L Brown
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48823-1314, USA
| | - Lorraine M Sordillo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48823-1314, USA
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27
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Lopategi A, Flores-Costa R, Rius B, López-Vicario C, Alcaraz-Quiles J, Titos E, Clària J. Frontline Science: Specialized proresolving lipid mediators inhibit the priming and activation of the macrophage NLRP3 inflammasome. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 105:25-36. [PMID: 29601102 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3hi0517-206rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The prototypic proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β plays a central role in innate immunity and inflammatory disorders. The formation of mature IL-1β from an inactive pro-IL-1β precursor is produced via nonconventional multiprotein complexes called the inflammasomes, of which the most common is the nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome composed by NLRP3, (ASC) apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase activation and recruitment domain (CARD), and caspase-1. Specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) promote resolution of inflammation, which is an essential process to maintain host health. SPMs prevent excessive inflammation by terminating the inflammatory response and returning to tissue homeostasis without immunosupression. This study tested the hypothesis that modulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages is one mechanism involved in the SPM-regulated processes during resolution. Our findings demonstrate that the SPM resolvin D2 (RvD2) suppressed the expression of pro-IL-1β and reduced the secretion of mature IL-1β in bone marrow-derived macrophages challenged with LPS+ATP (classical NLRP3 inflammasome model) or LPS+palmitate (lipotoxic model). Similar findings were observed in thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal macrophages, in which RvD2 remarkably reduced ASC oligomerization, inflammasome assembly, and caspase-1 activity. In vivo, in a self-resolving zymosan A-induced peritonitis model, RvD2 blocked the NLRP3 inflammasome leading to reduced release of IL-1β into the exudates, repression of osteopontin, and MCP-1 expression and induction of M2 markers of resolution (i.e., CD206 and arginase-1) in peritoneal macrophages. RvD2 inhibitory actions were receptor mediated and were abrogated by a selective GPR18 antagonist. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that SPMs have the ability to inhibit the priming and to expedite the deactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages during the resolution process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritz Lopategi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Flores-Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bibiana Rius
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina López-Vicario
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Alcaraz-Quiles
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Titos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Clària
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Grifols Chair, European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF-CLIF), Barcelona, Spain
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28
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Lo Van A, Fourmaux B, Picq M, Guichardant M, Lagarde M, Bernoud-Hubac N. Synthesis and Identification of AceDoxyPC, a Protectin-Containing Structured Phospholipid, Using Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Lipids 2017; 52:751-761. [PMID: 28776175 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4280-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids have many health benefits in a great variety of diseases ranging from cardiovascular to cerebral diseases. For instance, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which is highly enriched in brain phospholipids, plays a major role in anti-inflammatory or neuroprotective pathways. Its effects are thought to be due, in part, to its conversion into derived mediators such as protectins. 1-Lyso,2-docosahexaenoyl-glycerophosphocholine (LysoPtdCho-DHA) is one of the physiological carrier of DHA to the brain. We previously synthesized a structured phosphatidylcholine to mimic 1-lyso,2-docosahexaenoyl-glycerophosphocholine, named AceDoPC® (1-acetyl,2-docosahexaenoyl-glycerophosphocholine), that is considered as a stabilized form of the physiological LysoPtdCho-DHA and that is neuroprotective in experimental ischemic stroke. Considering these, the current study aimed at enzymatically oxygenate DHA contained within AceDoPC® to synthesize a readily structured oxidized phospholipid containing protectin DX (PDX), thereafter named AceDoxyPC (1-acetyl,2-PDX-glycerophosphocholine). Identification of this product was performed using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Such molecule could be used as a bioactive mediator for therapy against neurodegenerative diseases and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Lo Van
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, CarMeN Laboratory, INSA, Bâtiment IMBL, 11 Avenue Jean Capelle, 69621, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, ART, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Baptiste Fourmaux
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, CarMeN Laboratory, INSA, Bâtiment IMBL, 11 Avenue Jean Capelle, 69621, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Madeleine Picq
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, CarMeN Laboratory, INSA, Bâtiment IMBL, 11 Avenue Jean Capelle, 69621, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Michel Guichardant
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, CarMeN Laboratory, INSA, Bâtiment IMBL, 11 Avenue Jean Capelle, 69621, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Michel Lagarde
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, CarMeN Laboratory, INSA, Bâtiment IMBL, 11 Avenue Jean Capelle, 69621, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Nathalie Bernoud-Hubac
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, CarMeN Laboratory, INSA, Bâtiment IMBL, 11 Avenue Jean Capelle, 69621, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
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Fonseca FC, Orlando RM, Turchetti-Maia RM, de Francischi JN. Comparative effects of the ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acid derivatives resolvins E1 and D1 and protectin DX in models of inflammation and pain. J Inflamm Res 2017; 10:119-133. [PMID: 28919798 PMCID: PMC5587166 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s142424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs), also known as lipoxins, resolvins (Rvs), protectins and maresins, have been implicated in the resolution of the inflammatory process. However, a systematic comparison of their activity in the relief of inflammation and pain models is still lacking. Materials and methods The effects of Rvs E1 and D1 and protectin DX (PDX) were assessed in rat paws inflamed by the standard proinflammatory stimulus carrageenan or by histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, substance P or prostaglandin E2. The experimental outcomes were the mechanical nociceptive threshold and increase in paw volume as a measure of pain and edema formation, respectively. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the indicated SPMs were also compared with nonsteroidal (indomethacin and celecoxib) and steroidal (dexamethasone) anti-inflammatory drugs. Results Only RvE1 and RvD1 presented analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in the carrageenan model, and RvE1 was twice as potent as RvD1. Both substances tended to be better analgesics than anti-inflammatory agents, with a modeling profile similar to steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, proinflammatory effects (edema formation) were also detected when the mediators histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine or substance P replaced carrageenan as the proinflammatory stimuli. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of resolvins were specifically prevented by an antagonist of the leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT1). Conclusion Rvs, as analgesic agents, may be better therapeutic agents than nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the current choice in the relief of pain of an inflammatory origin. However, the possibility of developing adverse effects cannot be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Cs Fonseca
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo M Orlando
- Department of Chemistry, Exact Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Regina Mm Turchetti-Maia
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Janetti Nogueira de Francischi
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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The expansive role of oxylipins on platelet biology. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:575-588. [PMID: 28528513 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1542-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, three major oxygenases, cyclooxygenases (COXs), lipoxygenases (LOXs), and cytochrome P450 (CYP450), generate an assortment of unique lipid mediators (oxylipins) from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) which exhibit pro- or anti-thrombotic activity. Over the years, novel oxylipins generated from the interplay of theoxygenase activity in various cells, such as the specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), have been identified and investigated in inflammatory disease models. Although platelets have been implicated in inflammation, the role and mechanism of these SPMs produced from immune cells on platelet function are still unclear. This review highlights the burgeoning classes of oxylipins that have been found to regulate platelet function; however, their mechanism of action still remains to be elucidated.
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Kosaraju R, Guesdon W, Crouch MJ, Teague HL, Sullivan EM, Karlsson EA, Schultz-Cherry S, Gowdy K, Bridges LC, Reese LR, Neufer PD, Armstrong M, Reisdorph N, Milner JJ, Beck M, Shaikh SR. B Cell Activity Is Impaired in Human and Mouse Obesity and Is Responsive to an Essential Fatty Acid upon Murine Influenza Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:4738-4752. [PMID: 28500069 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased risk for infections and poor responses to vaccinations, which may be due to compromised B cell function. However, there is limited information about the influence of obesity on B cell function and underlying factors that modulate B cell responses. Therefore, we studied B cell cytokine secretion and/or Ab production across obesity models. In obese humans, B cell IL-6 secretion was lowered and IgM levels were elevated upon ex vivo anti-BCR/TLR9 stimulation. In murine obesity induced by a high fat diet, ex vivo IgM and IgG were elevated with unstimulated B cells. Furthermore, the high fat diet lowered bone marrow B cell frequency accompanied by diminished transcripts of early lymphoid commitment markers. Murine B cell responses were subsequently investigated upon influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 infection using a Western diet model in the absence or presence of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). DHA, an essential fatty acid with immunomodulatory properties, was tested because its plasma levels are lowered in obesity. Relative to controls, mice consuming the Western diet had diminished Ab titers whereas the Western diet plus DHA improved titers. Mechanistically, DHA did not directly target B cells to elevate Ab levels. Instead, DHA increased the concentration of the downstream specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs) 14-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid, 17-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid, and protectin DX. All three SPMs were found to be effective in elevating murine Ab levels upon influenza infection. Collectively, the results demonstrate that B cell responses are impaired across human and mouse obesity models and show that essential fatty acid status is a factor influencing humoral immunity, potentially through an SPM-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasagna Kosaraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834
| | - William Guesdon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834
| | - Miranda J Crouch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834
| | - Heather L Teague
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834
| | - E Madison Sullivan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834
| | - Erik A Karlsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Kymberly Gowdy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834
| | - Lance C Bridges
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834
| | - Lauren R Reese
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834.,Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834
| | - P Darrell Neufer
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834.,Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834
| | - Michael Armstrong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80045; and
| | - Nichole Reisdorph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80045; and
| | - J Justin Milner
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Melinda Beck
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834; .,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834
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32
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Li H, Hao Y, Zhang H, Ying W, Li D, Ge Y, Ying B, Cheng B, Lian Q, Jin S. Posttreatment with Protectin DX ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and lung dysfunction in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46754. [PMID: 28466866 PMCID: PMC5413938 DOI: 10.1038/srep46754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protectin DX (10S,17S-dihydroxydocosa-4Z,7Z,11E,13Z,15E,19Z-hexaenoic acid) (PDX), generated from Ω-3 fatty docosahexaenoic acids, is believed to exert anti-inflammatory and proresolution bioactions. To date, few studies have been performed regarding its effect on pulmonary fibrosis. Herein we show that PDX exerts a potential therapeutic effect which is distinct from its anti-inflammation and pro-resolution activity on mice with pulmonary fibrosis. In the present study, we showed that bleomycin (BLM) increased inflammatory infiltration, collagen deposition, and lung dysfunction on day7 after challenged in mice. Posttreatment with PDX ameliorated BLM-induced inflammatory responses, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and the level of cytokines related to fibrosis as evaluated by histology analysis, transformation electron microscope (TEM), lung hydroxyproline content and cytokines test. Moreover, PDX improved lung respiratory function, remedied BLM-induced hypoxemia and prolonged life span. In addition, we found that PDX reversed epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotypic transformation in vivo and in vitro, reinforcing a potential mechanism of promoting fibrosis resolution. In summary, our findings showed that posttreatment with PDX could ameliorate BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis and lung dysfunction in mice and PDX may be considered as a promising therapeutic approached to fibrotic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yu Hao
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Weiyang Ying
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yahe Ge
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Binyu Ying
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Bihuan Cheng
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Qingquan Lian
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Shengwei Jin
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China
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33
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Li G, Chen Z, Bhat OM, Zhang Q, Abais-Battad JM, Conley SM, Ritter JK, Li PL. NLRP3 inflammasome as a novel target for docosahexaenoic acid metabolites to abrogate glomerular injury. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1080-1090. [PMID: 28404641 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m072587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been implicated in podocyte injury and glomerular sclerosis during hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcys). However, it remains unclear whether the NLRP3 inflammasome can be a therapeutic target for treatment of hHcys-induced kidney injury. Given that DHA metabolites-resolvins have potent anti-inflammatory effects, the present study tested whether the prototype, resolvin D1 (RvD1), and 17S-hydroxy DHA (17S-HDHA), an intermediate product, abrogate hHcys-induced podocyte injury by targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome. In vitro, confocal microscopy demonstrated that 17S-HDHA (100 nM) and RvD1 (60 nM) prevented Hcys-induced formation of NLRP3 inflammasomes, as shown by reduced colocalization of NLRP3 with apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) or caspase-1. Both DHA metabolites inhibited Hcys-induced caspase-1 activation and interleukin-1β production. However, DHA had no significant effect on these Hcys-induced changes in podocytes. In vivo, DHA lipoxygenase metabolites substantially inhibited podocyte NLRP3 inflammasome formation and activation and consequent glomerular sclerosis in mice with hHcys. Mechanistically, RvD1 and 17S-HDHA were shown to suppress Hcys-induced formation of lipid raft redox signaling platforms and subsequent O2·- production in podocytes. It is concluded that inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation is one of the important mechanisms mediating the beneficial action of RvD1 and 17S-HDHA on Hcys-induced podocyte injury and glomerular sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Zhida Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Owais M Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Justine M Abais-Battad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Sabena M Conley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Joseph K Ritter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
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34
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Bosviel R, Joumard-Cubizolles L, Chinetti-Gbaguidi G, Bayle D, Copin C, Hennuyer N, Duplan I, Staels B, Zanoni G, Porta A, Balas L, Galano JM, Oger C, Mazur A, Durand T, Gladine C. DHA-derived oxylipins, neuroprostanes and protectins, differentially and dose-dependently modulate the inflammatory response in human macrophages: Putative mechanisms through PPAR activation. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 103:146-154. [PMID: 27988338 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Whereas the anti-inflammatory properties and mechanisms of action of long chain ω3 PUFAs have been abundantly investigated, research gaps remain regarding the respective contribution and mechanisms of action of their oxygenated metabolites collectively known as oxylipins. We conducted a dose-dependent and comparative study in human primary macrophages aiming to compare the anti-inflammatory activity of two types of DHA-derived oxylipins including the well-described protectins (NPD1 and PDX), formed through lipoxygenase pathway and the neuroprostanes (14-A4t- and 4-F4t-NeuroP) formed through free-radical mediated oxygenation and expected to be new anti-inflammatory mediators. Considering the potential ability of these DHA-derived oxylipins to bind PPARs and knowing the central role of these transcription factors in the regulation of macrophage inflammatory response, we performed transactivation assays to compare the ability of protectins and neuroprostanes to activate PPARs. All molecules significantly reduced mRNA levels of cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α, however not at the same doses. NPD1 showed the most effect at 0.1µM (-14.9%, p<0.05 for IL-6 and -26.7%, p<0.05 for TNF-α) while the three other molecules had greater effects at 10µM, with the strongest result due to the cyclopentenone neuroprostane, 14-A4t-NeuroP (-49.8%, p<0.001 and -40.8%, p<0.001, respectively). Part of the anti-inflammatory properties of the DHA-derived oxylipins investigated could be linked to their activation of PPARs. Indeed, all tested oxylipins significantly activated PPARγ, with 14-A4t-NeuroP leading to the strongest activation, and NPD1 and PDX also activated PPARα. In conclusion, our results show that neuroprostanes and more especially cyclopentenone neuroprostanes have potent anti-inflammatory activities similar or even more pronounced than protectins supporting that neuroprostanes should be considered as important contributors to the anti-inflammatory effects of DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Bosviel
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Laurie Joumard-Cubizolles
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Giulia Chinetti-Gbaguidi
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, F-59000 Lille, France; University of Côte d'Azur, CHU, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, France.
| | - Dominique Bayle
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Corinne Copin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Nathalie Hennuyer
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Isabelle Duplan
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | | | | | | | | | - Camille Oger
- IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS/UM/ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Andrzej Mazur
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | | | - Cécile Gladine
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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35
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Kuda O. Bioactive metabolites of docosahexaenoic acid. Biochimie 2017; 136:12-20. [PMID: 28087294 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential fatty acid that is recognized as a beneficial dietary constituent and as a source of the anti-inflammatory specialized proresolving mediators (SPM): resolvins, protectins and maresins. Apart from SPMs, other metabolites of DHA also exert potent biological effects. This article summarizes current knowledge on the metabolic pathways involved in generation of DHA metabolites. Over 70 biologically active metabolites have been described, but are often discussed separately within specific research areas. This review follows DHA metabolism and attempts to integrate the diverse DHA metabolites emphasizing those with identified biological effects. DHA metabolites could be divided into DHA-derived SPMs, DHA epoxides, electrophilic oxo-derivatives (EFOX) of DHA, neuroprostanes, ethanolamines, acylglycerols, docosahexaenoyl amides of amino acids or neurotransmitters, and branched DHA esters of hydroxy fatty acids. These bioactive metabolites have pleiotropic effects that include augmenting energy expenditure, stimulating lipid catabolism, modulating the immune response, helping to resolve inflammation, and promoting wound healing and tissue regeneration. As a result they have been shown to exert many beneficial actions: neuroprotection, anti-hypertension, anti-hyperalgesia, anti-arrhythmia, anti-tumorigenesis etc. Given the chemical structure of DHA, the number and geometry of double bonds, and the panel of enzymes metabolizing DHA, it is also likely that novel bioactive derivatives will be identified in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Kuda
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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36
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37
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Balas L, Durand T. Dihydroxylated E,E,Z-docosatrienes. An overview of their synthesis and biological significance. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 61:1-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators Improve Neuronal Survival and Increase Aβ42 Phagocytosis. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:2733-49. [PMID: 26650044 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation in the brain is a prominent feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies suggest that chronic inflammation can be a consequence of failure to resolve the inflammation. Resolution of inflammation is mediated by a family of lipid mediators (LMs), and the levels of these specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are reduced in the hippocampus of those with AD. In the present study, we combined analysis of LMs in the entorhinal cortex (ENT) from AD patients with in vitro analysis of their direct effects on neurons and microglia. We probed ENT, an area affected early in AD pathogenesis, by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS), and found that the levels of the SPMs maresin 1 (MaR1), protectin D1 (PD1), and resolvin (Rv) D5, were lower in ENT of AD patients as compared to age-matched controls, while levels of the pro-inflammatory prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) were higher in AD. In vitro studies showed that lipoxin A4 (LXA4), MaR1, resolvin D1 (RvD1), and protectin DX (PDX) exerted neuroprotective activity, and that MaR1 and RvD1 down-regulated β-amyloid (Aβ)42-induced inflammation in human microglia. MaR1 exerted a stimulatory effect on microglial uptake of Aβ42. Our findings give further evidence for a disturbance of the resolution pathway in AD, and indicate that stimulating this pathway is a promising treatment strategy for AD.
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Gabbs M, Leng S, Devassy JG, Monirujjaman M, Aukema HM. Advances in Our Understanding of Oxylipins Derived from Dietary PUFAs. Adv Nutr 2015; 6:513-40. [PMID: 26374175 PMCID: PMC4561827 DOI: 10.3945/an.114.007732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 462] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins formed from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are the main mediators of PUFA effects in the body. They are formed via cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, and cytochrome P450 pathways, resulting in the formation of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, mono-, di-, and tri-hydroxy fatty acids (FAs), epoxy FAs, lipoxins, eoxins, hepoxilins, resolvins, protectins (also called neuroprotectins in the brain), and maresins. In addition to the well-known eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid, recent developments in lipidomic methodologies have raised awareness of and interest in the large number of oxylipins formed from other PUFAs, including those from the essential FAs and the longer-chain n-3 (ω-3) PUFAs. Oxylipins have essential roles in normal physiology and function, but can also have detrimental effects. Compared with the oxylipins derived from n-3 PUFAs, oxylipins from n-6 PUFAs generally have greater activity and more inflammatory, vasoconstrictory, and proliferative effects, although there are notable exceptions. Because PUFA composition does not necessarily reflect oxylipin composition, comprehensive analysis of the oxylipin profile is necessary to understand the overall physiologic effects of PUFAs mediated through their oxylipins. These analyses should include oxylipins derived from linoleic and α-linolenic acids, because these largely unexplored bioactive oxylipins constitute more than one-half of oxylipins present in tissues. Because collated information on oxylipins formed from different PUFAs is currently unavailable, this review provides a detailed compilation of the main oxylipins formed from PUFAs and describes their functions. Much remains to be elucidated in this emerging field, including the discovery of more oxylipins, and the understanding of the differing biological potencies, kinetics, and isomer-specific activities of these novel PUFA metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Harold M Aukema
- Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
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40
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Skarke C, Alamuddin N, Lawson JA, Li X, Ferguson JF, Reilly MP, FitzGerald GA. Bioactive products formed in humans from fish oils. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1808-20. [PMID: 26180051 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m060392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resolvins, maresins, and protectins can be formed from fish oils. These specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) have been implicated in the resolution of inflammation. Synthetic versions of such SPMs exert anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and when administered to animal models. However, their importance as endogenous products formed in sufficient amounts to exert anti-inflammatory actions in vivo remains speculative. We biased our ability to detect SPMs formed in healthy volunteers by supplementing fish oil in doses shown previously to influence blood pressure and platelet aggregation under placebo-controlled conditions. Additionally, we sought to determine the relative formation of SPMs during an acute inflammatory response and its resolution, evoked in healthy volunteers by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Bioactive lipids, enzymatic epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), and free radical-catalyzed prostanoids [isoprostanes (iPs)] formed from arachidonic acid and the fish oils, served as comparators. Despite the clear shift from ω-6 to ω-3 EETs and iPs, we failed to detect a consistent signal, in most cases, of SPM formation in urine or plasma in response to fish oil, and in all cases in response to LPS on a background of fish oil. Our results question the relevance of these SPMs to the putative anti-inflammatory effects of fish oils in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Skarke
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (ITMAT), Smilow Center for Translational Research, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Naji Alamuddin
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (ITMAT), Smilow Center for Translational Research, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - John A Lawson
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (ITMAT), Smilow Center for Translational Research, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Xuanwen Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (ITMAT), Smilow Center for Translational Research, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jane F Ferguson
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (ITMAT), Smilow Center for Translational Research, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Muredach P Reilly
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (ITMAT), Smilow Center for Translational Research, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Garret A FitzGerald
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (ITMAT), Smilow Center for Translational Research, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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41
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White PJ, Mitchell PL, Schwab M, Trottier J, Kang JX, Barbier O, Marette A. Transgenic ω-3 PUFA enrichment alters morphology and gene expression profile in adipose tissue of obese mice: Potential role for protectins. Metabolism 2015; 64:666-76. [PMID: 25726444 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary administration of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is often associated with altered adipose tissue (AT) morphology and/or function in obese mice. Yet, it is unclear whether this is an indirect consequence of reduced weight gain or results from direct actions of ω-3 PUFA. Here we studied the AT of high fat (HF)-fed fat-1 transgenic mice that convert endogenous ω-6 to ω-3 PUFA while maintaining equivalent fat accretion as their wild-type (WT) counterparts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adipocyte size profiling, Affymetrix microarray pathway analysis, qPCR and protectin identification and analysis were performed in epididymal AT from hemizygous fat-1(+/-) mice and their wild type littermates that had been fed a HF diet for 8weeks from 6weeks of age. RESULTS Despite equivalent fat pad mass, we found that epididymal AT from HF-fed transgenic animals possesses fewer large and very large but more mid-size adipocytes compared to WT mice. In order to better understand the underlying mechanisms contributing to the observed alteration in adipocyte size we performed an Affymetrix microarray. Pathway analysis of these data highlighted adipogenesis, cholesterol biosynthesis, insulin signaling, prostaglandin synthesis/regulation and small ligand GPCRs as points where differentially expressed genes were significantly overrepresented. Observed changes were confirmed for four candidate genes: Cnr1, Cnr2, Faah and Pparg by qPCR. Finally we demonstrated that protectin DX is present in AT and that protectin DX and protectin D1 promote comparable PPARγ transcriptional activity. CONCLUSIONS These data provide unprecedented evidence that ω-3 PUFA coordinately regulate AT gene expression programs in a manner that is independent of restriction of weight gain or fat accrual and highlight an important influence of ω-3 PUFA on adipogenesis. Furthermore we provide primary evidence suggesting that protectins likely contribute to these effects via their influence on PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip J White
- Department of Medicine, Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada and Laval University Hospital Research Center, Metabolism, Vascular and Renal Health Axis, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada
| | - Patricia L Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada and Laval University Hospital Research Center, Metabolism, Vascular and Renal Health Axis, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada
| | - Michael Schwab
- Department of Medicine, Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada and Laval University Hospital Research Center, Metabolism, Vascular and Renal Health Axis, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Trottier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, CHU-Québec Research Centre and the Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Jing X Kang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivier Barbier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, CHU-Québec Research Centre and the Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Department of Medicine, Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada and Laval University Hospital Research Center, Metabolism, Vascular and Renal Health Axis, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada.
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42
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Jónasdóttir HS, Papan C, Fabritz S, Balas L, Durand T, Hardardottir I, Freysdottir J, Giera M. Differential Mobility Separation of Leukotrienes and Protectins. Anal Chem 2015; 87:5036-40. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hulda S. Jónasdóttir
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department
of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef
2, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cyrus Papan
- SCIEX Germany GmbH, Landwehrstrasse
54, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Laurence Balas
- Institut des Biomolécules
Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247−CNRS, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules
Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247−CNRS, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Ingibjorg Hardardottir
- Faculty
of Medicine, Biomedical Center, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegi 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jona Freysdottir
- Faculty
of Medicine, Biomedical Center, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegi 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department
of Immunology and Center for Rheumatology Research, Landspitali-The National University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Martin Giera
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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43
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Dyall SC. Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and the brain: a review of the independent and shared effects of EPA, DPA and DHA. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:52. [PMID: 25954194 PMCID: PMC4404917 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 487] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) exhibit neuroprotective properties and represent a potential treatment for a variety of neurodegenerative and neurological disorders. However, traditionally there has been a lack of discrimination between the different omega-3 PUFAs and effects have been broadly accredited to the series as a whole. Evidence for unique effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and more recently docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) is growing. For example, beneficial effects in mood disorders have more consistently been reported in clinical trials using EPA; whereas, with neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, the focus has been on DHA. DHA is quantitatively the most important omega-3 PUFA in the brain, and consequently the most studied, whereas the availability of high purity DPA preparations has been extremely limited until recently, limiting research into its effects. However, there is now a growing body of evidence indicating both independent and shared effects of EPA, DPA and DHA. The purpose of this review is to highlight how a detailed understanding of these effects is essential to improving understanding of their therapeutic potential. The review begins with an overview of omega-3 PUFA biochemistry and metabolism, with particular focus on the central nervous system (CNS), where DHA has unique and indispensable roles in neuronal membranes with levels preserved by multiple mechanisms. This is followed by a review of the different enzyme-derived anti-inflammatory mediators produced from EPA, DPA and DHA. Lastly, the relative protective effects of EPA, DPA and DHA in normal brain aging and the most common neurodegenerative disorders are discussed. With a greater understanding of the individual roles of EPA, DPA and DHA in brain health and repair it is hoped that appropriate dietary recommendations can be established and therapeutic interventions can be more targeted and refined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon C Dyall
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University Bournemouth, UK
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44
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Astarita G, Kendall AC, Dennis EA, Nicolaou A. Targeted lipidomic strategies for oxygenated metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2015; 1851:456-68. [PMID: 25486530 PMCID: PMC4323855 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) through enzymatic or non-enzymatic free radical-mediated reactions can yield an array of lipid metabolites including eicosanoids, octadecanoids, docosanoids and related species. In mammals, these oxygenated PUFA mediators play prominent roles in the physiological and pathological regulation of many key biological processes in the cardiovascular, renal, reproductive and other systems including their pivotal contribution to inflammation. Mass spectrometry-based technology platforms have revolutionized our ability to analyze the complex mixture of lipid mediators found in biological samples, with increased numbers of metabolites that can be simultaneously quantified from a single sample in few analytical steps. The recent development of high-sensitivity and high-throughput analytical tools for lipid mediators affords a broader view of these oxygenated PUFA species, and facilitates research into their role in health and disease. In this review, we illustrate current analytical approaches for a high-throughput lipidomic analysis of eicosanoids and related mediators in biological samples. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and biological relevance."
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Astarita
- Waters Corporation, Milford, MA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Alexandra C Kendall
- Manchester Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Edward A Dennis
- Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0601, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0601, USA
| | - Anna Nicolaou
- Manchester Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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Afshordel S, Hagl S, Werner D, Röhner N, Kögel D, Bazan NG, Eckert GP. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids improve mitochondrial dysfunction in brain aging--impact of Bcl-2 and NPD-1 like metabolites. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 92:23-31. [PMID: 24972878 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of orally administered long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on mitochondrial function and processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) in brains of young (3 months old) and aged (24 months old) NMRI-mice. Neuroprotective properties of fish oil (FO) (1.6 ml/kg p.o.) were assessed ex vivo after 21 days in dissociated brain cells (DBC) and isolated mitochondria. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels were significantly lower in blood and brains of aged mice which were compensated by FO administration. Isolated DBC and mitochondria from aged mice showed significantly lower adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and reduced activity of complexes I+II and IV of the mitochondrial respiration system, respectively. FO restored the age-related decrease in respiration and improved ATP production. Moreover, FO increased the levels of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein. Cell membrane fractions isolated from the brain of aged mice exhibited lower membrane fluidity, which was partially improved under FO treatment. In comparison to young animals, levels of neuroprotective sAPPα were significantly lower in the brain of aged mice. However, levels of sAPPα, Aβ and C-terminal APP fragments (CTF) were largely unchanged after FO treatment in aged mice. Neuroprotectin D-1 (NPD-1) represents a neuroprotective compound that is derived from unesterified DHA. Levels of NPD1-like metabolites (NPD1-like) and of unesterified DHA were significantly increased in brains of aged mice. FO treatment further strongly increased NPD1-like levels indicating an accelerated conversion rate of free DHA to NPD1-like. Our findings provide new mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective actions of omega-3 PUFA and identified FO as a promising nutraceutical to delay age-related mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Afshordel
- Department of Pharmacology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hagl
- Department of Pharmacology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Deborah Werner
- Department of Pharmacology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nelli Röhner
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe-University Hospital, Neuroscience Center, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Donat Kögel
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe-University Hospital, Neuroscience Center, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- LSU Neuroscience Center And Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Gunter P Eckert
- Department of Pharmacology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
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46
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Demarquoy J, Borgne FL. Biosynthesis, metabolism and function of protectins and resolvins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.14.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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47
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Structure-function relationships of non-cyclic dioxygenase products from polyunsaturated fatty acids: Poxytrins as a class of bioactive derivatives. Biochimie 2014; 107 Pt A:91-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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48
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Marette A, Liu Y, Sweeney G. Skeletal muscle glucose metabolism and inflammation in the development of the metabolic syndrome. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2014; 15:299-305. [PMID: 25326656 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-014-9296-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction in skeletal muscle play a major role in the development of the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Numerous mechanisms have been proposed to explain the pathophysiology of obesity-linked metabolic dysfunction and this review will focus on the contributing role of adiponectin and inflammation. The beneficial effects of adiponectin on both insulin action and inflammation are now well documented and will be reviewed. More recent work provided new insights into adiponectin signaling mechanisms. The development of strategies to mimic adiponectin action holds promise that adiponectin-based compounds may translate into effective therapeutic applications. We will also discussed the novel role of long chain ω-3 PUFA-derived resolution mediators, which in addition to resolving inflammation, can also exert glucoregulatory effects in models of obesity and insulin resistance. We will focus on one resolution mediator, protectin DX (PDX), which was recently shown to act as a muscle interleukin-6 secretagogue. PDX and its isomer PD1 also enhance adiponectin expression and action. Ultimately, it is via a better understanding the molecular mechanisms of action via which inflammation, insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction occur in skeletal muscle, and also how they crosstalk with each other, that we can generate new and improved therapies for obesity-linked metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Marette
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada,
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49
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Masoodi M, Kuda O, Rossmeisl M, Flachs P, Kopecky J. Lipid signaling in adipose tissue: Connecting inflammation & metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:503-18. [PMID: 25311170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-associated low-grade inflammation of white adipose tissue (WAT) contributes to development of insulin resistance and other disorders. Accumulation of immune cells, especially macrophages, and macrophage polarization from M2 to M1 state, affect intrinsic WAT signaling, namely anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory cytokines, fatty acids (FA), and lipid mediators derived from both n-6 and n-3 long-chain PUFA such as (i) arachidonic acid (AA)-derived eicosanoids and endocannabinoids, and (ii) specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators including resolvins derived from both eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), lipoxins (AA metabolites), protectins and maresins (DHA metabolites). In this respect, potential differences in modulating adipocyte metabolism by various lipid mediators formed by inflammatory M1 macrophages typical of obese state, and non-inflammatory M2 macrophages typical of lean state remain to be established. Studies in mice suggest that (i) transient accumulation of M2 macrophages could be essential for the control of tissue FA levels during activation of lipolysis, (ii) currently unidentified M2 macrophage-borne signaling molecule(s) could inhibit lipolysis and re-esterification of lipolyzed FA back to triacylglycerols (TAG/FA cycle), and (iii) the egress of M2 macrophages from rebuilt WAT and removal of the negative feedback regulation could allow for a full unmasking of metabolic activities of adipocytes. Thus, M2 macrophages could support remodeling of WAT to a tissue containing metabolically flexible adipocytes endowed with a high capacity of both TAG/FA cycling and oxidative phosphorylation. This situation could be exemplified by a combined intervention using mild calorie restriction and dietary supplementation with EPA/DHA, which enhances the formation of "healthy" adipocytes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and biological relevance."
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Masoodi
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, EPFL Innovation Park, bâtiment H, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Rossmeisl
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Flachs
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic.
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50
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Guichardant M, Calzada C, Bernoud-Hubac N, Lagarde M, Véricel E. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and oxygenated metabolism in atherothrombosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:485-95. [PMID: 25263947 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological studies and clinical trials have reported the health benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including a lower risk of coronary heart diseases. This review mainly focuses on the effects of alpha-linolenic (ALA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids on some risk factors associated with atherothrombosis, including platelet activation, plasma lipid concentrations and oxidative modification of low-density lipoproteins (LDL). Special focus is given to the effects of marine PUFA on the formation of eicosanoids and docosanoids, and to the bioactive properties of some oxygenated metabolites of omega-3 PUFA produced by cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases. The antioxidant effects of marine omega-3 PUFA at low concentrations and the pro-oxidant effects of DHA at high concentrations on the redox status of platelets and LDL are highlighted. Non enzymatic peroxidation end-products deriving from omega-3 PUFA such as hydroxy-hexenals, neuroketals and EPA-derived isoprostanes are also considered in relation to atherosclerosis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and biological relevance".
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Guichardant
- Université de Lyon, UMR 1060 Inserm (CarMeN), UMR 1397 INRA, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Catherine Calzada
- Université de Lyon, UMR 1060 Inserm (CarMeN), UMR 1397 INRA, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nathalie Bernoud-Hubac
- Université de Lyon, UMR 1060 Inserm (CarMeN), UMR 1397 INRA, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Michel Lagarde
- Université de Lyon, UMR 1060 Inserm (CarMeN), UMR 1397 INRA, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Evelyne Véricel
- Université de Lyon, UMR 1060 Inserm (CarMeN), UMR 1397 INRA, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, Villeurbanne, France
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