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Wang G, Shen X, Jin W, Song C, Dong M, Zhou Z, Wang X. Elucidating the role of S100A10 in CD8 + T cell exhaustion and HCC immune escape via the cPLA2 and 5-LOX axis. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:573. [PMID: 39117605 PMCID: PMC11310305 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06895-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor with a complex immune evasion mechanism posing a challenge to treatment. The role of the S100A10 gene in various cancers has garnered significant attention. This study aims to elucidate the impact of S100A10 on CD8+ T cell exhaustion via the cPLA2 and 5-LOX axis, thereby elucidating its role in immune evasion in HCC. By analyzing the HCC-related data from the GEO and TCGA databases, we identified differentially expressed genes associated with lipid metabolism and developed a prognostic risk model. Subsequently, through RNA-seq and PPI analyses, we determined vital lipid metabolism genes and downstream factors S100A10, ACOT7, and SMS, which were significantly correlated with CD8+ T cell infiltration. Given the most significant expression differences, we selected S100A10 for further investigation. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted, including co-culture experiments of CD8+ T cells with MHCC97-L cells, Co-IP experiments, and validation in an HCC mouse model. S100A10 was significantly overexpressed in HCC tissues and potentially regulates CD8+ T cell exhaustion and lipid metabolism reprogramming through the cPLA2 and 5-LOX axis. Silencing S100A10 could inhibit CD8+ T cell exhaustion, further suppressing immune evasion in HCC. S100A10 may activate the cPLA2 and 5-LOX axis, initiating lipid metabolism reprogramming and upregulating LTB4 levels, thus promoting CD8+ T cell exhaustion in HCC tissues, facilitating immune evasion by HCC cells, ultimately impacting the growth and migration of HCC cells. This research highlights the critical role of S100A10 via the cPLA2 and 5-LOX axis in immune evasion in HCC, providing new theoretical foundations and potential targets for diagnosing and treating HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganggang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Xiaowei Shen
- Department of General Surgery, QingPu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, QingPu District Central Hospital Shanghai, No. 1158, Gong Yuan Dong Road, Shanghai, 201700, China
| | - Wenzhi Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of General Surgery, QingPu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, QingPu District Central Hospital Shanghai, No. 1158, Gong Yuan Dong Road, Shanghai, 201700, China
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Meiyuan Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijie Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201399, China.
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El-Ansary A, Alfawaz HA, Bacha AB, Al-Ayadhi LY. Combining Anti-Mitochondrial Antibodies, Anti-Histone, and PLA2/COX Biomarkers to Increase Their Diagnostic Accuracy for Autism Spectrum Disorders. Brain Sci 2024; 14:576. [PMID: 38928576 PMCID: PMC11201962 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14060576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction and restricted and repetitive behaviors. Oxidative stress may be a critical link between mitochondrial dysfunction and ASD as reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from pro-oxidant environmental toxicants and activated immune cells can result in mitochondrial failure. Recently, mitochondrial dysfunction, autoimmunity, and abnormal lipid mediators have been identified in multiple investigations as an acknowledged etiological mechanism of ASD that can be targeted for therapeutic intervention. METHODS The relationship between lipid mediator markers linked to inflammation induction, such as phospholipase A2/cyclooxygenase-2 (PLA2/Cox-2), and the mitochondrial dysfunction marker anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA-M2), and anti-histone autoantibodies in the etiology of ASD was investigated in this study using combined receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. This study also sought to identify the linear combination for a given set of markers that optimizes the partial area under ROC curves. This study included 40 age- and sex-matched controls and 40 ASD youngsters. The plasma of both groups was tested for PLA2/COX-2, AMA-M2, and anti-histone autoantibodies' levels using ELISA kits. ROC curves and logistic regression models were used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS Using the integrated ROC curve analysis, a notable rise in the area under the curve was noticed. Additionally, the combined markers had markedly improved specificity and sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS The current study suggested that measuring the predictive value of selected biomarkers related to mitochondrial dysfunction, autoimmunity, and lipid metabolism in children with ASD using a ROC curve analysis could lead to a better understanding of the etiological mechanism of ASD as well as its relationship with metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf El-Ansary
- Autism Center, Lotus Holistic Alternative Medical Center, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 110281, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hanan A. Alfawaz
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abir Ben Bacha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Laila Y. Al-Ayadhi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang C, Hou B, Xu Y, Zeng S, Luo X, Zhang B. Association between eicosapentaenoic acid consumption and the risk of depressive symptoms in US adults: Analyses from NHANES 2005-2018. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:62-67. [PMID: 38479498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examines the relationship between eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) intake from food and depression. EPA, an Omega-3 fatty acid commonly found in fish and seafood, has garnered attention for its potential role in depression prevention and treatment. METHODS We selected 30,976 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2005 and 2018. Depressive symptoms were diagnosed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). EPA intake was assessed through dietary evaluation. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline regression (RCS) were employed to assess the correlation between EPA and depressive symptom. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 7.3 %. Participants with depressive symptoms exhibited lower EPA intake from food compared to non-depressed individuals. This negative association with depressive symptoms persisted even after accounting for various potential influencing factors (e.g., age, gender, body mass index, total energy intake, comorbidities). Notably, EPA demonstrated a nonlinear association with depressive symptoms, particularly in females. CONCLUSIONS This study emphasizes a significant negative correlation between EPA consumption and depressive symptoms, particularly in females. This suggests that maintaining a rich EPA diet may play a role in depression prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Center of Sleep Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bingnan Hou
- College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Center of Sleep Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shufei Zeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Center of Sleep Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Center of Sleep Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Center of Sleep Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Rao AS, Nair A, Nivetha K, Ayesha B, Hardi K, Divya V, Veena SM, Anantharaju KS, More SS. Impacts of Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Natural Elixirs for Neuronal Health, on Brain Development and Functions. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2761:209-229. [PMID: 38427239 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3662-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids play a seminal role in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the nervous system. These specialized molecules function as precursors for many lipid-based biological messengers. Also, studies suggest the role of these fatty acids in regulating healthy sleep cycles, cognitive ability, brain development, etc. Dietary intake of essential poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are foundational to the optimal working of the nervous system. Besides regulating health, these biomolecules have great therapeutic value in treating several diseases, particularly nervous system diseases and disorders. Many recent studies conclusively demonstrated the beneficial effects of Omega-3 fatty acids in treating depression, neuropsychiatric disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, neurochemical disorders, and many other illnesses associated with the nervous system. This chapter summates the multifaceted role of poly unsaturated fatty acids, especially Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA), in the neuronal health and functioning. The importance of dietary intake of these essential fatty acids, their recommended dosages, bioavailability, the mechanism of their action, and therapeutic values are extensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana S Rao
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
| | - Ajay Nair
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
| | - K Nivetha
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
| | - Bibi Ayesha
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
| | - Kapadia Hardi
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
| | - Vora Divya
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
| | - S M Veena
- Department of Biotechnology, Sapthagiri College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
| | - K S Anantharaju
- Department of Chemistry, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
| | - Sunil S More
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
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Chang JPC, Chang SS, Chen HT, Chien YC, Yang HT, Huang SY, Tseng PT, Chang CH, Galecki P, Su KP. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), somatic and fatigue symptoms in cardiovascular diseases comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD): A randomized controlled trial. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 112:125-131. [PMID: 37301235 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are the two most disabling diseases. Patients with CVDs comorbid depression had somatic and fatigue symptoms and were associated with chronic inflammation and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) deficits. However, there have been limited studies on the effects of n-3 PUFAs on somatic and fatigue symptoms in patients with CVDs comorbid MDD. METHOD Forty patients with CVDs comorbid MDD (58% males, mean age of 60 ± 9 years) were enrolled and randomised to receive either n-3 PUFAs (2 g of eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and 1 g of docosahexaenoic acid[DHA] per day) or placebo in a 12-week double-blind clinical trial. We assessed the somatic symptoms with Neurotoxicity Rating Scale (NRS) and fatigue symptoms with Fatigue Scale at baseline, weeks 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12, as well as blood levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), inflammatory biomarkers and PUFAs, at the baseline and week 12. RESULTS The n-3 PUFAs group had a greater reduction in Fatigue scores than the placebo group at Week 4 (p =.042), while there were no differences in the changes of NRS scores. N-3 PUFAs group also had a greater increase in EPA (p =.001) and a greater decrease in total n-6 PUFAs (p =.030). Moreover, in the subgroup analyses in the younger age group (age < 55), the n-3 PUFAs group had a greater reduction on NRS total scores at Week 12 (p =.012) and NRS Somatic scores at Week 2 (p =.010), Week 8 (p =.027), Week 12 (p =.012) than the placebo group. In addition, the pre- and post-treatment changes of EPA and total n-3 PUFAs levels were negatively associated with the changes of NRS scores at Weeks 2, 4, and 8 (all p <.05), and the changes of BDNF levels were negatively associated with NRS scores at Weeks 8 and 12 (both p <.05) in the younger age group. In the older age group (age ≥ 55), there were a lesser reduction on NRS scores at Weeks 1, 2 and 4 (all p <.05), but a greater reduction on Fatigue score at Week 4 (p =.026), compared to the placebo group. There was no significant correlation between the changes of blood BDNF, inflammation, PUFAs and NRS and Fatigue scores in general and in the older age group. CONCLUSION Overall, n-3 PUFAs improved the fatigue symptoms in patients with CVDs comorbid MDD and the general somatic symptoms in specific subpopulation of younger age patients, and perhaps via the interplay between BDNF and EPA. Our findings provide promising rationales for future studies to investigate the treatment effects of omega-3 fatty acids on fatigue and somatic symptoms of chronic mental and medical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Pei-Chen Chang
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Sheng Chang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ting Chen
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Chien
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ting Yang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Huang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Tao Tseng
- Institute of Precision Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaoshiung, Taiwan; Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Prospect Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology & Neurology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ho Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Piotr Galecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Fan L, Peng Y, Li X. Brain regional pharmacokinetics of hydroxytyrosol and its molecular mechanism against depression assessed by multi-omics approaches. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 112:154712. [PMID: 36774845 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydroxytyrosol (HT), as the main compound in olive leaves with its potential ability to cross blood-brain barrier (BBB), has exhibited the advantaged antidepressant effect. However, no information is available regarding the brain regional uptake of HT, as well the underlying antidepressant mechanism remains unclear. PURPOSE To comprehensively reveal the brain uptake of HT and its specific mechanism on the accompanying antidepressant activity. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The BBB penetration and brain regional distribution of HT in the normal and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depressive mice in consideration with the BBB integrality were analyzed. Then, the hippocampal region-specific responses of biomolecules and concurrent alterations in the therapeutic effect of HT on depression were explored using untargeted metabolomics, spatial-resolved metabolomics and tissue proteomics, which were confirmed by LPS-induced BV-2 microglia and CUMS mice. RESULTS BBB permeability analysis in normal and CUMS mice confirmed that increased BBB permeability of CUMS mice was induced by the deficiency of tight junction-related proteins. Consistently, according to the established LC-MS/MS method, it was found that HT could not be largely detected in the cerebrospinal fluids and brains of normal mice after oral administration, while it could excessively penetrate the BBB (200-fold higher), and mostly distributed in the hippocampus of CUMS mice. Meanwhile, multi-omics analysis combined with targeted analysis discovered that HT could mainly improve fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism in the hippocampus with region-specific responses and accompanying inhibition of C3-CD11b pathway in CUMS mice. Besides, in vitro experiments further confirmed the anti-complement ability of HT, which could inhibit C3-CD11b pathway for alleviating the LPS-induced BV-2 microglia activation. CONCLUSION HT can excessively penetrate the BBB and be mostly distributed in the hippocampus of depressive mice, which contribute to improve fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism in the hippocampus with region-specific responses and accompanying inhibition of C3-CD11b pathway for microglia activation. These findings give the clearer understanding of brain regional pharmacokinetics of HT and its accompanying molecular mechanism against depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Ying Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
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Identification of adolescent patients with depression via assessment of the niacin skin flushing response. J Affect Disord 2023; 324:69-76. [PMID: 36521667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive disorder (DD) affects approximately 20 % of adolescents worldwide, but it is underdiagnosed due to the lack of objective biomarkers. Niacin skin flushing response (NSFR) is an objective and noninvasive biomarker of adult depression; however, its effectiveness has not been assessed in adolescents. METHODS This study included 198 adolescents with 50 % healthy controls (HC). Linear mixed-effects model and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to assess differences in NSFR between the DD and HC groups. Logistic regression models based on NSFR were constructed, and the area under curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the performance of models. Spearman correlations were calculated to assess the relationships between NSFR and disease duration and hormone levels associated with puberty. RESULTS Adolescents with DD displayed significantly attenuated and delayed NSFR compared to HC. NSFR effectively distinguished DD patients from HC with AUC values of 0.719 (sensitivity = 0.844) and 0.721 (sensitivity = 0.829) determined in the discovery and validation sets, respectively. Within the DD group, the maximum degree of NSFR was negatively correlated with the disease duration (r = -0.28, p = 0.011), and the overall degree of NSFR was positively associated with prolactin (r = 0.29, p = 0.039) and thyroxine (r = 0.29, p = 0.027) levels. LIMITATIONS Future investigations will be necessary to confirm our results in an independent sample set. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first evidence of the utility of NSFR as an objective auxiliary diagnostic biomarker for adolescent depression. It provides new clues to understand the pathophysiology of the disease, and helps promote precise diagnosis, treatment, and prognostic evaluation of adolescent depression.
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Ballaz S, Bourin M. Anti-Inflammatory Therapy as a Promising Target in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1411:459-486. [PMID: 36949322 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7376-5_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
This chapter analyzes the therapeutic potential of current anti-inflammatory drugs in treating psychiatric diseases from a neuro-immunological perspective. Based on the bidirectional brain-immune system relationship, the rationale is that a dysregulated inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of psychiatric and neurological disorders, while the immunology function is associated with psychological variables like stress, affective disorders, and psychosis. Under certain social, psychological, and environmental conditions and biological factors, a healthy inflammatory response and the associated "sickness behavior," which are aimed to resolve a physical injury and microbial threat, become harmful to the central nervous system. The features and mechanisms of the inflammatory response are described across the main mental illnesses with a special emphasis on the profile of cytokines and the function of the HPA axis. Next, it is reviewed the potential clinical utility of immunotherapy (cytokine agonists and antagonists), glucocorticoids, unconventional anti-inflammatory agents (statins, minocycline, statins, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)), the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and particularly celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) inhibitor, as adjuvants of conventional psychiatric medications. The implementation of anti-inflammatory therapies holds great promise in psychiatry. Because the inflammatory background may account for the etiology and/or progression of psychiatric disorders only in a subset of patients, there is a need to elucidate the immune underpinnings of the mental illness progression, relapse, and remission. The identification of immune-related bio-signatures will ideally assist in the stratification of the psychiatric patient to predict the risk of mental disease, the prognosis, and the response to anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Ballaz
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí, Ecuador
- Medical School, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador
| | - Michel Bourin
- Neurobiology of Anxiety and Mood Disorders, University of Nantes, Nantes, France.
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Satyanarayanan SK, Su H, Park HJ, Su KP. The west meets the east - A need for a renaissance in brain, behavior, and immunity research. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 107:292-294. [PMID: 36349642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)-the burgeoning concept in recent years, can potentially contribute to developing effective treatments for mental health disorders. Despite the advancement in the modern pharmacological approach for mental disorders, especially Western medicine attributed explicitly to interacting with a specific target has given rise to unmet needs, and treatment failure has led to the proliferation and exploration of traditional and alternative therapies. As research into these exciting under-explored traditional treatment approaches continues to evolve at an unprecedented pace, the need to gain vital insights into the potentiality and mechanism of action in neuropsychiatric disorders has resulted in the current Special Issue. This Special Issue is devoted to psychoneuroimmunology, focusing on introducing the recent advances with traditional and alternative medications in East Asia at the interface of immunology, neurosciences, molecular psychiatry and behavioural medicine neurosciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Kumaran Satyanarayanan
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- Department of Anatomy & Information Sciences, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Centre, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Sun CF, Chiu WC, Su KP. Somatic symptoms in inflammation-related depression: Reply to "Letter for depression-free after interferon-α exposure indicates less incidence of depressive disorder: A longitudinal study in Taiwan". Brain Behav Immun 2022; 102:161-162. [PMID: 35172190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Fang Sun
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Carilion Clinic Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA; Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Che Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have suggested that microglial activation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of depression. In fact, neuroinflammation is associated with a phenotypic change of microglia, consisting of morphological differences, increased release of cytokines and oxidative stress products, which may contribute to the development and maintenance of depression. Antidepressants, including selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, have been shown to act on the immune and oxidative stress mechanisms commonly found to be disrupted in depression. Thus, the inhibition of microglial activation may be one of the mechanisms through which they exert an antidepressant action. AIM This is the first review summarising in vitro and ex vivo studies investigating the effects of different classes of antidepressants on microglia activation, by examining cellular changes and/or via measuring the production of immune and/or oxidative stress signalling molecules, in microglia models of neuroinflammation with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or cytokines. A total of 23 studies were identified, 18 using LPS stimulation and 5 using cytokines stimulation. RESULTS Overall, the studies show that antidepressants, such as selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, monoamine oxidase inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants prevented microglial activation, including reduced microglial reactivity and decreased immune and oxidative stress products, in both models. However, specific antidepressants, such as bupropion and agomelatine did not prevent interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-induced microglial activation; and for other antidepressants, including phenelzine, venlafaxine and sertraline, the results of different studies were inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS Overall, results summarised in this review support the hypothesis that the action of at least certain classes of antidepressants may involve regulation of microglial activation, especially when in presence of increased levels of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Mariani
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James Everson
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carmine M Pariante
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alessandra Borsini
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Gao LN, Yan M, Zhou L, Wang J, Sai C, Fu Y, Liu Y, Ding L. Puerarin Alleviates Depression-Like Behavior Induced by High-Fat Diet Combined With Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress via Repairing TLR4-Induced Inflammatory Damages and Phospholipid Metabolism Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:767333. [PMID: 34975477 PMCID: PMC8714847 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.767333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Puerarin has been reported as a potential agent for neuro-inflammatory disorders. However, there have been no reports of using puerarin for the treatment of depression based on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)–mediated inflammatory injury. In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of puerarin on depression-like rats induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) combined with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). The mechanism was screened by lipidomics and molecular docking and confirmed by in vivo tests. Puerarin treatment significantly improved 1% sucrose preference and ameliorated depression-like behavior in the open-field test. The antidepressive effects of puerarin were associated with decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine production, including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-10) in rat hippocampal tissues and plasma. Hematoxylin–eosin (H&E), immunofluorescence staining, and Western blotting results displayed that puerarin alleviated inflammatory injury by suppressing TLR4 expression and by repairing the intestine mucus barrier via enhancing the expression of claudin-1 and occludin. Non-targeted lipidomics analysis showed that the most significantly different metabolites modified by puerarin were phospholipids. Puerarin treatment–altered biomarkers were identified as PC (15:1/20:1), PE (15:1/16:1), and PI (18:2/20:1) in comparison with the HFD/CUMS group. Molecular docking modeling revealed that puerarin could bind with cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which play central roles in TLR4-mediated phospholipid metabolism. In vivo, puerarin treatment decreased the enzyme activities of cPLA2 and COX-2, resulting in lower production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in hippocampal and intestinal tissues. In conclusion, puerarin treatment reverses HFD/CUMS-induced depression-like behavior by inhibiting TLR4-mediated intestine mucus barrier dysfunction and neuro-inflammatory damages via the TLR4/cPLA2/COX-2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China.,Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Maocai Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China
| | - Lirun Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China.,Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian'an Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China
| | - Chunmei Sai
- College of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China
| | - Yingjie Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China
| | - Lin Ding
- College of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China
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13
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Tung TH, Nguyen NTK, Huang SY. New Insights into Depressive Disorder with Respect to Low-Grade Inflammation and Fish Oil Intake. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:1539-1550. [PMID: 34732633 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Unipolar depression has been recognized as one of the major diseases by the World Health Organization in the 21st century. The etiology of depression is complicated and includes genetic factors, stress, aging, and special physical status (pregnancy, metabolic syndrome, and trauma). Numerous animal and human studies have demonstrated that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are highly correlated to cognition and depression. These nutritional antidepressants, including EPA and DHA, have a range of neurobiological activities contributing to their potential antidepressant effects. Our preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that n-3 PUFA supplementation in addition to standard antidepressant medications may provide synergistic neuroprotective and antioxidant/inflammatory effects. To translate our preliminary findings into clinical application, this paper reviews the existing evidence on the antidepressant effects of n-3 PUFAs and the potential underlying mechanisms, which include modulation of chronic lowgrade inflammation and the corresponding changes in peripheral blood immune biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Hsuan Tung
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University
| | - Ngan Thi Kim Nguyen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University.,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh city
| | - Shih-Yi Huang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University.,Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University.,Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital
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14
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Pei-Chen Chang J. Personalised medicine in child and Adolescent Psychiatry: Focus on omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and ADHD. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 16:100310. [PMID: 34589802 PMCID: PMC8474554 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, is a common childhood disorder with a prevalence rate of 5–10%. There have been many theories proposed to explain ADHD, and one of them focuses on the deficiency of essential fatty acids (EFA), particularly omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Studies have shown that there is a positive correlation between EFA deficiency severity and ADHD symptoms, and a negative association between blood PUFAs levels and ADHD symptoms. Moreover, clinical studies have shown a promising effect of n-3 PUFAs in the treatment of both clinical and cognitive symptoms in children with ADHD. In addition, with the more relatively safe and tolerable properties of n-3 PUFAs when comparing with the standard pharmacotherapy, n-3 PUFAs may be a potential treatment option for children with ADHD. Of note, the association between n-3 PUFAs deficiency and ADHD has been suggested to involve several biological systems, including inflammation, dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the autonomic nervous system (ANS), and an imbalanced gut-microbiota axis (GBA). Thus, the biomarkers from these biological systems may serve as possible treatment response predictors of n-3 PUFAs in children with ADHD. Children with ADHD have lower levels of DHA, EPA and total n-3 PUFAs •N-3 PUFAs improved clinical and cognitive symptoms in children with ADHD •Inflammatory status and endogenous n-3 PUFAs levels may serve as treatment response predictors •N-3 PUFAs may be a treatment option for a subgroup of children with ADHD
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Pei-Chen Chang
- Mind-Body Interface Lab (MBI-Lab) and Child Psychiatry Division, Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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15
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Sung M, Sung SE, Kang KK, Choi JH, Lee S, Kim K, Lim JH, Lee GW, Rim HD, Kim BS, Won S, Kim K, Jang S, Seo MS, Woo J. Serum-Derived Neuronal Exosomal miRNAs as Biomarkers of Acute Severe Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9960. [PMID: 34576126 PMCID: PMC8470330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is the physical and psychological tension felt by an individual while adapting to difficult situations. Stress is known to alter the expression of stress hormones and cause neuroinflammation in the brain. In this study, miRNAs in serum-derived neuronal exosomes (nEVs) were analyzed to determine whether differentially expressed miRNAs could be used as biomarkers of acute stress. Specifically, acute severe stress was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats via electric foot-shock treatment. In this acute severe-stress model, time-dependent changes in the expression levels of stress hormones and neuroinflammation-related markers were analyzed. In addition, nEVs were isolated from the serum of control mice and stressed mice at various time points to determine when brain damage was most prominent; this was found to be 7 days after foot shock. Next-generation sequencing was performed to compare neuronal exosomal miRNA at day 7 with the neuronal exosomal miRNA of the control group. From this analysis, 13 upregulated and 11 downregulated miRNAs were detected. These results show that specific miRNAs are differentially expressed in nEVs from an acute severe-stress animal model. Thus, this study provides novel insights into potential stress-related biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyoung Sung
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea; (M.S.); (S.-E.S.); (K.-K.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.L.); (K.K.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (H.-D.R.); (B.-S.K.); (S.W.); (K.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Soo-Eun Sung
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea; (M.S.); (S.-E.S.); (K.-K.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.L.); (K.K.)
| | - Kyung-Ku Kang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea; (M.S.); (S.-E.S.); (K.-K.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.L.); (K.K.)
| | - Joo-Hee Choi
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea; (M.S.); (S.-E.S.); (K.-K.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.L.); (K.K.)
| | - Sijoon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea; (M.S.); (S.-E.S.); (K.-K.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.L.); (K.K.)
| | - KilSoo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea; (M.S.); (S.-E.S.); (K.-K.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.L.); (K.K.)
- Department of Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Ju-Hyeon Lim
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Chungbuk 28160, Korea; (J.-H.L.); (G.W.L.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, 170 Hyonchung-ro, Namgu, Daegu 42415, Korea
| | - Gun Woo Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, 170 Hyonchung-ro, Namgu, Daegu 42415, Korea
| | - Hyo-Deog Rim
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (H.-D.R.); (B.-S.K.); (S.W.); (K.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (H.-D.R.); (B.-S.K.); (S.W.); (K.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Seunghee Won
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (H.-D.R.); (B.-S.K.); (S.W.); (K.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Kyungmin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (H.-D.R.); (B.-S.K.); (S.W.); (K.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Seoyoung Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (H.-D.R.); (B.-S.K.); (S.W.); (K.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Min-Soo Seo
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea; (M.S.); (S.-E.S.); (K.-K.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.L.); (K.K.)
| | - Jungmin Woo
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (H.-D.R.); (B.-S.K.); (S.W.); (K.K.); (S.J.)
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16
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Tian XY, Xing JW, Zheng QQ, Gao PF. 919 Syrup Alleviates Postpartum Depression by Modulating the Structure and Metabolism of Gut Microbes and Affecting the Function of the Hippocampal GABA/Glutamate System. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:694443. [PMID: 34490139 PMCID: PMC8417790 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.694443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a mental disorder that affects pregnant women around the world, with serious consequences for mothers, families, and children. Its pathogenesis remains unclear, and medications for treating PPD that can be used during lactation remain to be identified. 919 syrup (919 TJ) is a Chinese herbal medicine that has been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of postpartum depression in both clinical and experimental studies. The mechanism of action of 919 TJ is unclear. 919 syrup is ingested orally, making the potential interaction between the drug and the gut microbiome impossible to ignore. We therefore hypothesized that 919 syrup could improve the symptoms of postpartum depression by affecting the structure and function of the intestinal flora, thereby altering hippocampal metabolism. We compared changes in hippocampal metabolism, fecal metabolism, and intestinal microflora of control BALB/c mice, mice with induced untreated PPD, and mice with induced PPD treated with 919 TJ, and found that 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the hippocampus corresponded with PPD behaviors. Based on changes in GABA levels, multiple key gut bacterial species (Mucispirillum schaedleri, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Desulfovibrio piger, Alloprevotella tannerae, Bacteroides sp.2.1.33B and Prevotella sp. CAG:755) were associated with PPD. Metabolic markers that may represent the function of the intestinal microbiota in mice with PPD were identified (Met-Arg, urocanic acid, thioetheramide-PC, L-pipecolic acid, and linoleoyl ethanolamide). The relationship between these factors is not a simple one-to-one correspondence, but more likely a network of staggered functions. We therefore believe that the composition and function of the entire intestinal flora should be emphasized in research studying the gut and PPD, rather than changes in the abundance of individual bacterial species. The introduction of this concept of “GutBalance” may help clarify the relationship between gut bacteria and systemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yun Tian
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Wei Xing
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiao-Qi Zheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng-Fei Gao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Lucido MJ, Bekhbat M, Goldsmith DR, Treadway MT, Haroon E, Felger JC, Miller AH. Aiding and Abetting Anhedonia: Impact of Inflammation on the Brain and Pharmacological Implications. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:1084-1117. [PMID: 34285088 PMCID: PMC11060479 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Exogenous administration of inflammatory stimuli to humans and laboratory animals and chronic endogenous inflammatory states lead to motivational deficits and ultimately anhedonia, a core and disabling symptom of depression present in multiple other psychiatric disorders. Inflammation impacts neurotransmitter systems and neurocircuits in subcortical brain regions including the ventral striatum, which serves as an integration point for reward processing and motivational decision-making. Many mechanisms contribute to these effects of inflammation, including decreased synthesis, release and reuptake of dopamine, increased synaptic and extrasynaptic glutamate, and activation of kynurenine pathway metabolites including quinolinic acid. Neuroimaging data indicate that these inflammation-induced neurotransmitter effects manifest as decreased activation of ventral striatum and decreased functional connectivity in reward circuitry involving ventral striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Neurocircuitry changes in turn mediate nuanced effects on motivation that include decreased willingness to expend effort for reward while maintaining the ability to experience reward. Taken together, the data reveal an inflammation-induced pathophysiologic phenotype that is agnostic to diagnosis. Given the many mechanisms involved, this phenotype represents an opportunity for development of novel and/or repurposed pharmacological strategies that target inflammation and associated cellular and systemic immunometabolic changes and their downstream effects on the brain. To date, clinical trials have failed to capitalize on the unique nature of this transdiagnostic phenotype, leaving the field bereft of interpretable data for meaningful clinical application. However, novel trial designs incorporating established targets in the brain and/or periphery using relevant outcome variables (e.g., anhedonia) are the future of targeted therapy in psychiatry. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Emerging understanding of mechanisms by which peripheral inflammation can affect the brain and behavior has created unprecedented opportunities for development of pharmacological strategies to treat deficits in motivation including anhedonia, a core and disabling symptom of depression well represented in multiple psychiatric disorders. Mechanisms include inflammation and cellular and systemic immunometabolism and alterations in dopamine, glutamate, and kynurenine metabolites, revealing a target-rich environment that nevertheless has yet to be fully exploited by current clinical trial designs and drugs employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Lucido
- Emory Behavioral Immunology Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (M.J.L., M.B., D.R.G., E.H., J.C.F., A.H.M.); and Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (M.T.T.)
| | - Mandy Bekhbat
- Emory Behavioral Immunology Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (M.J.L., M.B., D.R.G., E.H., J.C.F., A.H.M.); and Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (M.T.T.)
| | - David R Goldsmith
- Emory Behavioral Immunology Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (M.J.L., M.B., D.R.G., E.H., J.C.F., A.H.M.); and Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (M.T.T.)
| | - Michael T Treadway
- Emory Behavioral Immunology Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (M.J.L., M.B., D.R.G., E.H., J.C.F., A.H.M.); and Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (M.T.T.)
| | - Ebrahim Haroon
- Emory Behavioral Immunology Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (M.J.L., M.B., D.R.G., E.H., J.C.F., A.H.M.); and Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (M.T.T.)
| | - Jennifer C Felger
- Emory Behavioral Immunology Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (M.J.L., M.B., D.R.G., E.H., J.C.F., A.H.M.); and Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (M.T.T.)
| | - Andrew H Miller
- Emory Behavioral Immunology Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (M.J.L., M.B., D.R.G., E.H., J.C.F., A.H.M.); and Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (M.T.T.)
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18
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Cheng SW, Li JX, Chien YC, Chang JPC, Shityakov S, Huang SY, Galecki P, Su KP. Genetic Variations of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor Pathways on Interferon-α-induced Depression in Patients with Hepatitis C Viral Infection. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 93:16-22. [PMID: 33161164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The most supportive evidence of the inflammation theory of depression is that up to one-third of patients with Hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) develop clinical depressive episodes during interferon-α (IFN-α) therapy. As glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity has been found to be a consequence of excessive inflammation and a pathogenic mechanism of depression, it is plausible to investigate genes on ionotropic glutamate receptor pathways. OBJECTIVE To identify the at-risk genetic variations on ionotropic glutamate receptor pathways for interferon-α-induced depression. METHOD We assessed 291 patients with chronic HCV undergoing IFN-α therapy and analyzed the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to ionotropic glutamate receptors in this prospective case-control study. Patients who developed IFN-α-induced depression anytime during the treatment were defined as the case group, while those who did not were defined as the control group. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and analyzed by Affymetrix TWB array. Allelic and haplotype association tests were conducted using χ2 tests to assess the difference in allele and haplotype frequencies between cases and controls. Additionally, we performed 5000 permutations to control gene-wide family-wise error rates and create empirical p-values. Stratified analyses were then done to control for confounders and adjust odds ratios for our significant SNPs. We also did an additional stratified analysis to re-assess genes with near-significant SNPs (empirical p-value=0.05-0.10), employing Bonferroni correction with the effective number of independent tests to control gene-wide family-wise error rates. RESULTS The minor and major allele frequencies of rs7542 (empirical p-value=0.0310) in MAPK3, rs3026685 (empirical p-value=0.0378) in PICK1, rs56005409 (empirical p-value=0.0332) in PRKCA, rs12914792 (empirical p-value=0.0096), rs17245773 (empirical p-value=0.0340) in RASGRF1, and rs78387863 (empirical p-value=0.0086), rs74365480 (empirical p-value=0.0200) in RASGRF2 were found significantly different between cases and controls. Haplotype association tests also revealed one significant haplotype in PRKCA (empirical p-value=0.0200) and one in RASGRF1 (empirical p-value=0.0048). Stratified analyses showed no signs of confounders for most of our significant SNPs, except for rs78387863 in RASGRF2. After a re-assessment of our near-significant genes by stratified analyses, two SNPs in GRIN2B turned significant. CONCLUSIONS This study provided supportive evidence of the involvement of the RAS/RAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2(GluR2) transportation in the pathogenesis of IFN-α-induced depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Wei Cheng
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Xing Li
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Chien
- Department of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jane Pei-Chen Chang
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sergey Shityakov
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Bioinformatics, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Shih-Yi Huang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Piotr Galecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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19
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Suneson K, Lindahl J, Chamli Hårsmar S, Söderberg G, Lindqvist D. Inflammatory Depression-Mechanisms and Non-Pharmacological Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1640. [PMID: 33561973 PMCID: PMC7915869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of depression is hampered by the failure to identify distinct symptom profiles with distinct pathophysiologies that differentially respond to distinct treatments. We posit that inflammatory depression is a meaningful depression subtype associated with specific symptoms and biological abnormalities. We review several upstream, potentially causative, mechanisms driving low-grade inflammation in this subtype of depression. We also discuss downstream mechanisms mediating the link between inflammation and symptoms of depression, including alterations in dopaminergic neurotransmission and tryptophan metabolism. Finally, we review evidence for several non-pharmacological interventions for inflammatory depression, including probiotics, omega-3 fatty acids, and physical exercise interventions. While some evidence suggests that these interventions may be efficacious in inflammatory depression, future clinical trials should consider enriching patient populations for inflammatory markers, or stratify patients by inflammatory status, to confirm or refute this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Suneson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden; (J.L.); (G.S.); (D.L.)
- Office for Psychiatry and Habilitation, Psychiatric Clinic Helsingborg, Region Skåne, 252 23 Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - Jesper Lindahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden; (J.L.); (G.S.); (D.L.)
- Office for Psychiatry and Habilitation, Psychiatric Clinic Lund, Region Skåne, 221 85 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Simon Chamli Hårsmar
- Office for Psychiatry and Habilitation, Psychiatric Clinic Lund, Region Skåne, 221 85 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Gustav Söderberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden; (J.L.); (G.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Daniel Lindqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden; (J.L.); (G.S.); (D.L.)
- Office for Psychiatry and Habilitation, Psychiatry Research Skåne, Region Skåne, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
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20
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Li Y, Wang X, Chen J, Li Z, Yang P, Qin L. Aberrant Auditory Steady-State Response of Awake Mice Induced by Chronic Interferon-α Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:584425. [PMID: 33584262 PMCID: PMC7873645 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.584425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients receiving the cytokine immunotherapy of interferon-alpha (IFN-α) frequently present with depression. This is one of the excellent models to explore the action of peripheral cytokine on central nervous system (CNS) and to study the development of depression. The auditory steady-state response (ASSR), electroencephalogram (EEG) oscillations induced by periodic acoustic stimulation, is an effective approach to evaluate the neural function in mental illness including depression. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of IFN-α on the cortical ASSR and its correlation with depressive-like behavior. Methods: Chronic electrodes were implanted on the skull over the auditory cortex (AC) of male C57BL/6 mice. The animals were treated with daily injection of IFN-α or saline (vehicle) for three weeks. EEGs were recorded in AC of the same mouse before and after the injection treatment to monitor the changes of ASSR induced by IFN-α. Depressive-like behavior was analyzed in the forced swim test (FST). Immunohistochemical staining was used to examine the status of neuron and glia in the hippocampus and AC. Results: Compared to pretreatment condition, injection of IFN-α significantly reduced the power of 40 Hz ASSR in the mouse AC from the second week. Such a decrease continued to the third week. The immobility times of FST were significantly increased by a 3-week treatment of IFN-α and the immobility time was negatively correlated with the power of 40 Hz ASSR. Astrocytes and microglia in the hippocampus and AC were activated by IFN-α, but the density of neuron was not significantly affected. Conclusion: Our results suggest that EEG measurement of ASSR may be used as a biomarker to monitor the CNS side effects of IFN-α treatment and to search a novel intervention with potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhuo Li
- Department of Physiology, China Medical Univeristy, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- Department of Physiology, China Medical Univeristy, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Department of Physiology, China Medical Univeristy, Shenyang, China
| | - Zijie Li
- Department of Physiology, China Medical Univeristy, Shenyang, China
| | - Pingting Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Physiology, China Medical Univeristy, Shenyang, China
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21
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Larroya A, Pantoja J, Codoñer-Franch P, Cenit MC. Towards Tailored Gut Microbiome-Based and Dietary Interventions for Promoting the Development and Maintenance of a Healthy Brain. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:705859. [PMID: 34277527 PMCID: PMC8280474 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.705859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental health is determined by a complex interplay between the Neurological Exposome and the Human Genome. Multiple genetic and non-genetic (exposome) factors interact early in life, modulating the risk of developing the most common complex neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), with potential long-term consequences on health. To date, the understating of the precise etiology underpinning these neurological alterations, and their clinical management pose a challenge. The crucial role played by diet and gut microbiota in brain development and functioning would indicate that modulating the gut-brain axis may help protect against the onset and progression of mental-health disorders. Some nutritional deficiencies and gut microbiota alterations have been linked to NDDs, suggesting their potential pathogenic implications. In addition, certain dietary interventions have emerged as promising alternatives or adjuvant strategies for improving the management of particular NDDs, at least in particular subsets of subjects. The gut microbiota can be a key to mediating the effects of other exposome factors such as diet on mental health, and ongoing research in Psychiatry and Neuropediatrics is developing Precision Nutrition Models to classify subjects according to a diet response prediction based on specific individual features, including microbiome signatures. Here, we review current scientific evidence for the impact of early life environmental factors, including diet, on gut microbiota and neuro-development, emphasizing the potential long-term consequences on health; and also summarize the state of the art regarding the mechanisms underlying diet and gut microbiota influence on the brain-gut axis. Furthermore, we describe the evidence supporting the key role played by gut microbiota, diet and nutrition in neurodevelopment, as well as the effectiveness of certain dietary and microbiome-based interventions aimed at preventing or treating NDDs. Finally, we emphasize the need for further research to gain greater insight into the complex interplay between diet, gut microbiome and brain development. Such knowledge would help towards achieving tailored integrative treatments, including personalized nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Larroya
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition & Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Pantoja
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital De la Plana, Vila-Real, Castellón, Spain.,Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Codoñer-Franch
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Carmen Cenit
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition & Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital De la Plana, Vila-Real, Castellón, Spain.,Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
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22
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Chang JPC, Su KP. Nutritional Neuroscience as Mainstream of Psychiatry: The Evidence- Based Treatment Guidelines for Using Omega-3 Fatty Acids as a New Treatment for Psychiatric Disorders in Children and Adolescents. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 18:469-483. [PMID: 33124582 PMCID: PMC7609218 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2020.18.4.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (or omega-3 PUFAs, n-3 PUFAs) are essential nutrients throughout the life span. Recent studies have shown the importance of n-3 PUFAs supplementation during prenatal and perinatal period as a potential protective factor of neurodevelopmental disorders. N-3 PUFAs have been reported to be lower in youth with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). N-3 PUFAs supplementation has shown potential effects in the improvement of clinical symptoms in youth with ADHD, ASD, and MDD, especially those with high inflammation or a low baseline n-3 index. Moreover, it has been suggested that n-3 PUFAs had positive effects on lethargy and hyperactivity symptoms in ASD. For clinical application, the following dosage and duration are recommended in youth according to available randomized controlled trials and systemic literature review: (1) ADHD: a combination of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ≥ 750 mg/d, and a higher dose of EPA (1,200 mg/d) for those with inflammation or allergic diseases for duration of 16−24 weeks; (2) MDD: a combination of a EPA + DHA of 1,000−2,000 mg/d, with EPA:DHA ratio of 2 to 1, for 12−16 weeks; (3) ASD: a combination of EPA + DHA of 1,300−1,500 mg/d for 16−24 weeks as add-on therapy to target lethargy and hyperactivity symptoms. The current review also suggested that n-3 index and inflammation may be potential treatment response markers for youth, especially in ADHD and MDD, receiving n-3 PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Pei-Chen Chang
- Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab) and Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab) and Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
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23
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Sun CF, Chiu WC, Chen PC, Chang HC, Guu TW, Shityakov S, Miller AH, Felger JC, Chang JPC, Su KP. Depression-free after Interferon-α exposure indicates less incidence of depressive disorder: A longitudinal study in Taiwan. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 88:125-131. [PMID: 32434045 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IFN-α-induced depression in patients undergoing hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment provides powerful support for the inflammation hypothesis of depression. Most studies have focused on the occurrence of depressive symptoms, but there has been no study yet in depression-free HCV patients receiving IFN-α. We hypothesized that HCV patients who did not develop depression after IFN-α exposure might have a lower incidence of depressive disorders after the IFN-α treatment. METHODS We conducted a twelve-year population-based cohort study of chronic HCV patients who received IFN-α therapy. The data were obtained from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. The study cohort was patients without any depressive disorder nor antidepressant use before and during IFN-α therapy. They were matched randomly by age, sex income and urbanization at a ratio of 1:4 with the control cohort of HCV patients without IFN-α therapy. The follow-up started after the last administration of IFN-α, and the primary outcome was the incidence of depressive disorders after IFN-α therapy. RESULTS A total of 20,468 depression-free subjects were identified from records of HCV patients receiving IFN-α therapy. Patients without IFN-α-induced depression were associated with a significantly lower incidence (per 10,000 person-years) of new-onset depressive disorders (126.8, 95% Confidential Interval [CI] of 118.5-135.6) as compared to the control cohort (145.2, 95% CI of 140.0-150.6) (p < 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, income, urbanization and comorbid diseases, the crude hazard ratio for the incident depressive disorder was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.80-0.87) and the adjusted hazard ratios was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.72-0.87) for IFN-α-induced depression-free subjects as compared to the controls. DISCUSSION Our study indicates that IFN-α treated depression-free patients have a lower risk for depressive disorders. This hypothesized mechanism might derive from an IFN-α-induced resilience factor as yet to be defined. CONCLUSIONS Our study might suggest a new possibility for a new pharmacological strategy against depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Fang Sun
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Che Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Pau-Chung Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chih Chang
- School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK
| | - Ta-Wei Guu
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, Departments of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Sergey Shityakov
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Bioinformatics, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andrew H Miller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer C Felger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jane Pei-Chen Chang
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK; Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
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24
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Bidirectional longitudinal associations of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid plasma levels with depressive disorders. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 124:1-8. [PMID: 32087424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temporality of the association of low omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) plasma levels with depression remains questionable. To determine the underlying nature of these associations, this study examined the bidirectional longitudinal associations of n-3 PUFA plasma levels with (presence, onset and course of) depressive disorders and symptoms. METHODS Baseline (n = 2912, 28.6% with current depressive disorder) and 6-year follow-up data (n = 1966, 13.0% with current depressive disorder) of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA) were used. Depression diagnoses and symptoms were based on psychiatric interviews and self-report questionnaires. N-3 PUFA levels (ratio of total fatty acids (mmol%)), were assessed using nuclear magnetic resonance. RESULTS Using two waves of data, n-3 PUFA levels were lower among depressed persons, as compared to healthy controls (Beta = -0.047, SE = 0.011, p < .001). Nevertheless, baseline n-3 PUFA levels were not consistently associated with subsequent change in depressive symptoms, onset or remission of depressive disorders over 6 years. Furthermore, the difference in n-3 PUFA levels detected at baseline between depressed and non-depressed participants tended to dissipate over 6 years (depression-by-time estimate: p = .011). Finally, subjects depressed both at baseline and at 6-year follow up had consistently lower n-3 PUFA levels over the entire follow-up as compared to those who had never been depressed. Change in depressive disorders across waves was not consistently accompanied by change in n-3 PUFA levels over time. LIMITATIONS No data on intermediate time points and EPA levels were available. CONCLUSIONS Despite significant cross-sectional associations between n-3 PUFA plasma levels and depressive disorders and severity, this 6-year longitudinal study could not confirm an uni- or bidirectional association over time. The association between depression and n-3 PUFA plasma levels is unlikely to be causal.
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25
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Guu TW, Su KP. Reply to the Letter to the Editor: Response to "International Society for Nutritional Psychiatry Research Practice Guidelines for Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder" by Guu et al. (2019). PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2020; 89:49. [PMID: 31743919 DOI: 10.1159/000504232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Wei Guu
- Departments of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Psychiatry, Departments of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Departments of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, .,College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,
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26
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Ducrocq F, Walle R, Contini A, Oummadi A, Caraballo B, van der Veldt S, Boyer ML, Aby F, Tolentino-Cortez T, Helbling JC, Martine L, Grégoire S, Cabaret S, Vancassel S, Layé S, Kang JX, Fioramonti X, Berdeaux O, Barreda-Gómez G, Masson E, Ferreira G, Ma DWL, Bosch-Bouju C, De Smedt-Peyrusse V, Trifilieff P. Causal Link between n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Deficiency and Motivation Deficits. Cell Metab 2020; 31:755-772.e7. [PMID: 32142670 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Reward-processing impairment is a common symptomatic dimension of several psychiatric disorders. However, whether the underlying pathological mechanisms are common is unknown. Herein, we asked if the decrease in the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) lipid species, consistently described in these pathologies, could underlie reward-processing deficits. We show that reduced n-3 PUFA biostatus in mice leads to selective motivational impairments. Electrophysiological recordings revealed increased collateral inhibition of dopamine D2 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (D2-MSNs) onto dopamine D1 receptor-expressing MSNs in the nucleus accumbens, a main brain region for the modulation of motivation. Strikingly, transgenically preventing n-3 PUFA deficiency selectively in D2-expressing neurons normalizes MSN collateral inhibition and enhances motivation. These results constitute the first demonstration of a causal link between a behavioral deficit and n-3 PUFA decrease in a discrete neuronal population and suggest that lower n-3 PUFA biostatus in psychopathologies could participate in the etiology of reward-related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Ducrocq
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Roman Walle
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Andrea Contini
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Asma Oummadi
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Baptiste Caraballo
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Marie-Lou Boyer
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Frank Aby
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Lucy Martine
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Stéphane Grégoire
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Stéphanie Cabaret
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Sylvie Vancassel
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie Layé
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jing Xuan Kang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Xavier Fioramonti
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Olivier Berdeaux
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | | | - Elodie Masson
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Guillaume Ferreira
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E., Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
| | | | | | - Pierre Trifilieff
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
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27
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Yang B, Lin L, Bazinet RP, Chien YC, Chang JPC, Satyanarayanan SK, Su H, Su KP. Clinical Efficacy and Biological Regulations of ω-3 PUFA-Derived Endocannabinoids in Major Depressive Disorder. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2020; 88:215-224. [PMID: 31269506 DOI: 10.1159/000501158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocannabinoids (ECs) are one type of bioactive endogenous neuroinflammatory mediator derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which may regulate the emotional processes. Here, we assessed the effect of ω-3 PUFAs on EC levels, which may be the novel targets for the ω-3 PUFAs' antidepressive effects. METHODS We conducted a 12-week double-blind, nonplacebo, randomized controlled trial. Eighty-eight major depressive disorder (MDD) participants were randomly assigned to receive eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 3.0 g/day), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 1.4 g/day), or a combination of EPA (1.5 g/d) and DHA (0.7 g/day). Eighty-five participants completed the trial, and their clinical remission and plasma PUFA-derived EC levels (pmol/mL) were measured. RESULTS The cumulative rates of clinical remission were significantly higher in the EPA and EPA + DHA groups than the DHA group (51.85 and 53.84 vs. 34.37%; p =0.027 and p =0.024, respectively). EPA and EPA + DHA treatments increased the eicosapentaenoylethanolamide (EPEA) levels compared to DHA treatment (0.33 ± 0.18 and 0.35 ± 0.24 vs. 0.08 ± 0.12; p =0.002 and p =0.001, respectively), while EPA + DHA treatment increased the docosahexaenoylethanolamide levels more than EPA treatment (1.34 ± 2.09 vs. 0.01 ± 1.79; p =0.006). Plasma EPEA levels were positively correlated with rates of clinical remission (hazard ratio: 1.60, 95% confidence interval: 1.08-2.39). CONCLUSIONS Treatments enriched with EPA increased plasma EPEA levels, which was positively associated with clinical remission. This finding may suggest that levels of plasma EPEA play a potential novel endogenous therapeutic target in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Institute of Lipids Medicine and School of Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yu-Chuan Chien
- Department of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jane Pei-Chen Chang
- Department of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Senthil Kumaran Satyanarayanan
- Department of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Institute of Lipids Medicine and School of Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China, .,Department of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, .,College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,
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28
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Bazinet RP, Metherel AH, Chen CT, Shaikh SR, Nadjar A, Joffre C, Layé S. Brain eicosapentaenoic acid metabolism as a lead for novel therapeutics in major depression. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 85:21-28. [PMID: 31278982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The results of several meta-analyses suggest that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) supplementation is therapeutic in managing the symptoms of major depression. It was previously assumed that because EPA is extremely low in the brain it did not cross the blood-brain barrier and any therapeutic effects it exerted would be via the periphery. However, more recent studies have established that EPA does enter the brain, but is rapidly metabolised following entry. While EPA does not accumulate within the brain, it is present in microglia and homeostatic mechanisms may regulate its esterification to phospholipids that serve important roles in cell signaling. Furthermore, a variety of signaling molecules from EPA have been described in the periphery and they have the potential to exert effects within the brain. If EPA is confirmed to be therapeutic in major depression as a result of adequately powered randomized clinical trials, future research on brain EPA metabolism could lead to the discovery of novel targets for treating or preventing major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Adam H Metherel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Chuck T Chen
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, North Bethesda, MD 20852, United States
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health & School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Agnes Nadjar
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Corinne Joffre
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Layé
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
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29
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Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in cardiovascular diseases comorbid major depressive disorder - Results from a randomized controlled trial. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 85:14-20. [PMID: 30902738 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and major depressive disorder (MDD) will be the two most disabling diseases by 2030. Patients with CVDs comorbid depression had lower levels of total omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and a higher omega-6 to omega-3 ratio. However, there have been limited studies on the effects n-3 PUFAs on MDD in patients with CVDs. METHOD We have enrolled a total of 59 patients (64% males, mean age of 61.5 ± 9.0 years and mean education of 10.2 ± 4.2 years) with CVDs comorbid MDD. They were randomized into either receiving n-3 PUFAs (2 g per day of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 1 g of DHA) or placebo for 12 weeks. We assessed depression symptom severity with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), as well as blood fatty acid levels, electrocardiogram and blood biochemistry, at the baseline and at the endpoint. RESULTS There were no differences between the n-3 PUFAs and placebo group in the changes of HAMD and BDI total scores, while PUFAs group had a greater reduction in HAMD Cognition subscale scores than the placebo group at week 8 (p < 0.05). Moreover, subgroup analyses found that the n-3 group had a greater reduction of HAMD Core subscale scores than the placebo group at the end of week 12 (p < 0.05) for the very severe DEP group (HAMD ≥ 23). CONCLUSION Overall, n-3 PUFAs did not show a beneficial effect on depressive symptoms when compared with placebo. However, when stratified with depression severity, n-3 PUFAs supplementation improved core depression symptoms in the very severe MDD group. N-3 PUFAs supplementation may provide a treatment option for a subpopulation of patients with CVDs comorbid MDD.
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Giacobbe J, Benoiton B, Zunszain P, Pariante CM, Borsini A. The Anti-Inflammatory Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Metabolites in Pre-Clinical Models of Psychiatric, Neurodegenerative, and Neurological Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:122. [PMID: 32180741 PMCID: PMC7059745 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has been identified as one of the main pathophysiological mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Despite the role of inflammation in those conditions, there is still a lack of effective anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) can reduce depressive symptoms and exert anti-inflammatory action putatively by the production of distinct n-3 PUFA-derived metabolites, such as resolvins D (RvD) and E (RvE) series, maresins (MaR) and protectins (PD), which are collectively named specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) and act as strong anti-inflammatory agents. In this review we summarize evidence showing the effects of treatment with those metabolites in pre-clinical models of psychiatric, neurodegenerative and neurological disorders. A total of 25 pre-clinical studies were identified using the PubMed database. Overall, RvD and RvE treatment improved depressive-like behaviors, whereas protectins and maresins ameliorated neurological function. On a cellular level, RvDs increased serotonin levels in a model of depression, and decreased gliosis in neurodegenerative disorders. Protectins prevented neurite and dendrite retraction and apoptosis in models of neurodegeneration, while maresins reduced cell death across all studies. In terms of mechanisms, all SPMs down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines. Resolvins activated mTOR and MAP/ERK signaling in models of depression, while resolvins and maresins activated the NF-κB pathway in models of neurodegeneration and neurological disorders. Our review indicates a potential promising approach for tailored therapy with n-3 PUFAs-derived metabolites in the treatment of psychiatric, neurodegenerative, and neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Giacobbe
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bonnie Benoiton
- Guy's King's and St. Thomas' School of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Zunszain
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carmine M. Pariante
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Borsini
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Bialek K, Czarny P, Watala C, Wigner P, Talarowska M, Galecki P, Szemraj J, Sliwinski T. Novel association between TGFA, TGFB1, IRF1, PTGS2 and IKBKB single-nucleotide polymorphisms and occurrence, severity and treatment response of major depressive disorder. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8676. [PMID: 32140313 PMCID: PMC7047865 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activation of the immune system might affect the severity of depressive episodes as well as response to the antidepressant treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the occurrence of variant alleles of analyzed SNPs are involved in prevalence and progression of depression. Moreover, selected genes and SNPs have not been investigated in context of the disease severity and treatment. Therefore, six polymorphisms were selected: g.41354391A>G-TGFB1 (rs1800469), g.132484229C>A-IRF (rs2070729), g.186643058A>G-PTGS2 (rs5275), g.186640617C>T-PTGS2 (rs4648308), g.70677994G>A-TGFA (rs2166975) and g.42140549G>T-IKBKB (rs5029748). Methods A total of 360 (180 patients and 180 controls) DNA samples were genotyped using TaqMan probes. Results We observed that A/G of the rs2166975 TGFA, A/C of rs2070729 IRF1 and G/T of rs5029748 IKBKB were associated with an increased risk of depression development while the T/T of rs5029748 IKBKB, T/T of rs4648308 PTGS2 and G/G of rs2166975 TGFA reduced this risk. We also stratified the study group according to gender and found that genotype A/G and allele G of the rs2166975 TGFA, G/T of rs5029748 IKBKB as well as C allele of rs4648308 PTGS2, homozygote A/A and allele A of rs5275 PTGS2 were associated with increased risk of depression development in men while homozygote G/G of rs5275 PTGS2 decreased this risk. Moreover, C/T of rs4648308 PTGS2 and A/G of rs5275 PTGS2 was positively correlated with the risk of the disease occurrence in women. Furthermore, a gene-gene analysis revealed a link between studied polymorphisms and depression. In addition, A/A of rs1800469 TGFB1 was associated with earlier age of onset of the disease while G/G of this SNP increased severity of the depressive episode. Interestingly, A/C of rs2070729 IRF1 and T/T of rs5029748 IKBKB may modulate the effectiveness of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors therapy. In conclusion, studied SNPs may modulate the risk of occurrence, age of onset, severity of the disease and response to the antidepressant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bialek
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Czarny
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Cezary Watala
- Department of Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Wigner
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Talarowska
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Personality and Individual Differences, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Galecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sliwinski
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Association of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids intake with depressive symptoms in midlife women. J Affect Disord 2020; 261:164-171. [PMID: 31630038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study the association of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) intake from diet with depressive symptoms in midlife women. METHODS Data for this cross-sectional study were retrieved from baseline assessment of the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were performed to examine the association n-3 PUFA intake with depressive symptoms. RESULTS A total of 3054 women aged 42-52 years were included in the present study. In overall midlife women, n-3 PUFA intake was not significantly associated with depressive symptoms (CES-D score ≥16) after adjustment for potential confounders. In early perimenopausal women, n-3 PUFA intake was inversely associated with depressive symptoms after adjustment for potential confounders. The fully adjusted OR with 95% CI of depressive symptoms were 0.062 (0.009-0.457) in the highest quartile (n-3 PUFAs intake was categorized by quartiles) compared with the lowest quartile for n-3 PUFA intake. Restricted cubic spline analyses showed that n-3 PUFA intake were dose-response inversely associated with depressive symptoms in early perimenopausal women. However, in premenopausal women, no significant association between depressive symptoms and n-3 PUFA intake was observed. LIMITATIONS This was a cross-sectional study, limiting causal inferences. CONCLUSION Dietary n-3 PUFA may be inversely associated with depressive symptoms in early perimenopausal women, but not in premenopausal women.
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Gao Y, Xu T, Zhao YX, Ling-Hu T, Liu SB, Tian JS, Qin XM. A Novel Network Pharmacology Strategy to Decode Metabolic Biomarkers and Targets Interactions for Depression. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:667. [PMID: 32760300 PMCID: PMC7373779 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the most prevalent and serious mental disorders with a worldwide significant health burden. Metabolic abnormalities and disorders in patients with depression have attracted great research attention. Thirty-six metabolic biomarkers of clinical plasma metabolomics were detected by platform technologies, including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), combined with multivariate data analysis techniques in previous work. The principal objective of this study was to provide valuable information for the pathogenesis of depression by comprehensive analysis of 36 metabolic biomarkers in the plasma of depressed patients. The relationship between biomarkers and enzymes were collected from the HMDB database. Then the metabolic biomarkers-enzymes interactions (MEI) network was performed and analyzed to identify hub metabolic biomarkers and enzymes. In addition, the docking score-weighted multiple pharmacology index (DSWMP) was used to assess the important pathways of hub metabolic biomarkers involved. Finally, validated these pathways by published literature. The results show that stearic acid, phytosphingosine, glycine, glutamine and phospholipids were important metabolic biomarkers. Hydrolase, transferase and acyltransferase involve the largest number of metabolic biomarkers. Nine metabolite targets (TP53, IL1B, TNF, PTEN, HLA-DRB1, MTOR, HRAS, INS and PIK3CA) of potential drug proteins for treating depression are widely involved in the nervous system, immune system and endocrine system. Seven important pathways, such as PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and mTOR signaling pathway, are closely related to the pathology mechanisms of depression. The application of important biomarkers and pathways in clinical practice may help to improve the diagnosis of depression and the evaluation of antidepressant effect, which provides important clues for the study of metabolic characteristics of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Taiyuan, China
| | - Teng Xu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ying-Xia Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ting Ling-Hu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shao-Bo Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jun-Sheng Tian
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Taiyuan, China
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High-dose eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) improves attention and vigilance in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and low endogenous EPA levels. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:303. [PMID: 31745072 PMCID: PMC6864068 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0633-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
No studies have examined the relationship between endogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) levels and treatment response to PUFAs. We conducted a 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing the effects of high-dose eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 1.2 g) and placebo on cognitive function (continuous performance test) in n = 92 youth (age 6-18-years-old) with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Blood erythrocytes PUFAs were measured before and after treatment, to examine the effects of baseline endogenous EPA levels on treatment response and the effects of EPA treatment on PUFAs levels. Secondary measures included other ADHD symptoms, emotional symptoms, and levels of plasma high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Overall, EPA group improved more than placebo group on focused attention (variability, Effect size (ES) = 0.38, p = 0.041); moreover, within youth with the lowest baseline endogenous EPA levels, EPA group improved more than placebo group in another measure of focused attention (hit reaction time, HRT, ES = 0.89, p = 0.015) and in vigilance (HRT interstimulus interval changes, HRTISIC, ES = 0.83, p = 0.036). Interestingly, EPA group improved less than placebo group in impulsivity (commission errors), both overall and in youth with the highest baseline EPA levels, who also showed less improvement in other ADHD and emotional symptoms. EPA increased blood erythrocytes EPA by 1.6-fold but not DHA levels, and did not affect hs-CRP and BDNF plasma levels. In conclusion, EPA treatment improves cognitive symptoms in ADHD youth, especially if they have a low baseline endogenous EPA level, while youth with high EPA levels may be negatively affected by this treatment.
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Su KP. Are we all the same? The critical role of translational brain, behavior, and immunity research in East Asia. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 82:1-2. [PMID: 31302174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is founded on the idea that the "Mind and Body" are all interconnected. When you have a difficult time or disturbing lifestyle and experience a series of somatic and psychological symptoms mimicking inflammation-induced sickness behaviors, the TCM practitioners would be very likely to give you a diagnosis of "On Fire" and prescribe specific food intervention and herbal medicine, which might be considered anti-inflammatory to "cool you down." Psychoneuroimmunology has been long stemmed in ancient medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Nadalin S, Rebić J, Šendula Jengić V, Peitl V, Karlović D, Buretić-Tomljanović A. Association between PLA2G6 gene polymorphism for calcium-independent phospholipase A2 and nicotine dependence among males with schizophrenia. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 148:9-15. [PMID: 31492433 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between the rs10798059 (BanI) and rs4375 polymorphisms in the phospholipase A2 (PLA2)G4A and PLA2G6 genes and the risk of nicotine dependence in 263 Croatian patients with schizophrenia. We also examined whether interactions between these polymorphisms and smoking contributed to schizophrenia onset and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) psychopathology. We found no significant differences in the distribution of PLA2G4A genotypes and alleles according to smoking status, and no effect of the PLA2G4A genotype-smoking interaction on disease onset or PANSS. The PLA2G6-TT homozygous genotype was significantly overrepresented in male smokers compared to nonsmokers (34.7% vs. 17.1%, p < 0.05). These patients had ∼2.6-fold higher risk of becoming smokers than males with heterozygous PLA2G6-CT and homozygous PLA2G6-CC genotypes. In addition, male smokers without the PLA2G6-C allele (PLA2G6-TT homozygous) experienced earlier onset than nonsmoking homozygous PLA2G6-TT males. Thus, the PLA2G6 polymorphism affected the risk of nicotine dependence in male patients and the PLA2G6 genotype-smoking interaction was linked to the age of disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Nadalin
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Jelena Rebić
- Psychiatry Clinic, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - Vjekoslav Peitl
- Department of Psychiatry, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center and Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dalibor Karlović
- Department of Psychiatry, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center and Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alena Buretić-Tomljanović
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
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Mesripour A, Shahnooshi S, Hajhashemi V. Celecoxib, ibuprofen, and indomethacin alleviate depression-like behavior induced by interferon-alfa in mice. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 17:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2019-0016/jcim-2019-0016.xml. [PMID: 31421042 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2019-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Interferon-α (IFNα) therapy causes psychiatric side effects, including depression that may result in poor compliance of therapy. It is important to find alternative therapies for the prevention of IFNα induced depression. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been useful in depressive disorder. Therefore the effects of celecoxib, ibuprofen, and indomethacin were evaluated following IFNα-induced depression in mice. Methods Male albino mice weighing 26 ± 2 g were used. Depression was induced by IFNα (16 × 105 IU/kg, SC) for six consecutive days. Animals were first subject to the locomotor test, then the splash test and finally the forced swimming test (FST) on the 7th day. The NSAIDs were administered (IP) either one single dose before the test, or simultaneously with IFNα. Results locomotor activity was only impaired by ibuprofen high dose (75 mg/kg), thus it was not further evaluated. Following IFNα therapy depression-like behaviors were observed; significant changes during the splash test (grooming time 24 ± 7 sec vs. control 63 ± 7 sec), the FST (immobility time 166 ± 15 sec vs. control 128 ± 6 sec), and sucrose preference reduced to 64 ± 0.8%. The NSAIDs noticeably reduced the immobility time in FST, while grooming time was increased. Celecoxib and indomethacin single doses were effective while ibuprofen showed better antidepressant effects when it was administered along with IFNα. Conclusions The NSAIDs were able to prevent IFNα induced depression in mice. NSAIDs administration with IFNα does not interfere with clinical benefit effects of IFNα and they could also be useful to prevent IFNα psychiatric side effects, thus further clinical trials are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Mesripour
- Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical sciences, Isfahan university of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical sciences, Isfahan university of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Shahnooshi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical sciences, Isfahan university of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Valiollah Hajhashemi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical sciences, Isfahan university of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81746-73461, Iran
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Interferon-alpha-induced depression: Comparisons between early- and late-onset subgroups and with patients with major depressive disorder. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 80:512-518. [PMID: 31059806 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-alpha, until recently the standard treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, is associated with a significant risk of major depressive episode (MDE, or IFN-alpha-induced depression). However, it is little studied the comparisons of clinical manifestations between IFN-alpha-induced depression and major depressive disorder (MDD). In addition, IFN-alpha induces different neuroinflammation and neuroendocrine status throughput the HCV treatment course; however, the clinical presentations have never been compared between early-onset and later-onset IFN-alpha-induced depression. We assessed 200 HCV patients starting IFN-alpha therapy bi-weekly for 24 weeks, with the structured interview for confirmation of diagnosis of IFN-alpha-induced depression and with clinical rating scales for depressive symptoms and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Subjects developed IFN-alpha-induced depression (n = 59, 30%) during the first 6 weeks of IFN-alpha therapy were defined as the early-onset group (n = 32), while those developed depression after the 6th week were defined as the late-onset group (n = 27). A matched group of MDD patients (n = 60) was used to compare specific clusters of depressive symptoms with early- and late-onset IFN-alpha-induced depression. Compared to the matched group of MDD patients, IFN-alpha-induced depression was significantly associated with more somatic symptoms and fewer symptoms of mood, anxiety and negative cognition. More somatic symptoms were also found in those who became clinically depressed at early stage of IFN-alpha therapy. We suggest that the specific somatic features of interferon-alpha-induced depression, and especially of early-onset depression, characterise individuals who are more sensitive to cytokines-induced changes in mood.
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Salvetat N, Van der Laan S, Vire B, Chimienti F, Cleophax S, Bronowicki JP, Doffoel M, Bourlière M, Schwan R, Lang JP, Pujol JF, Weissmann D. RNA editing blood biomarkers for predicting mood alterations in HCV patients. J Neurovirol 2019; 25:825-836. [PMID: 31332697 PMCID: PMC6920238 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-019-00772-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Treatment-emergent depression is a common complication in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection undergoing antiviral combination therapy with IFN-α and ribavirin. It has recently been shown that changes in A-to-I RNA editing rates are associated with various pathologies such as inflammatory disorders, depression and suicide. Interestingly, IFN-α induces gene expression of the RNA editing enzyme ADAR1-1 (ADAR1a-p150) and alters overall RNA editing activity. In this study, we took advantage of the high prevalence of pharmacologically induced depression in patients treated with IFN-α and ribavirin to test the interest of RNA editing–related biomarkers in white blood cells of patients. In this 16-week longitudinal study, a small cohort of patients was clinically evaluated using standard assessment methods prior to and during antiviral therapy and blood samples were collected to analyse RNA editing modifications. A-I RNA editing activity on the phosphodiesterase 8A (PDE8A) gene, a previously identified RNA editing hotspot in the context of lupus erythematosus, was quantified by using an ultra-deep next-generation sequencing approach. We also monitored gene expression levels of the ADAR enzymes and the PDE8A gene during treatment by qPCR. As expected, psychiatric evaluation could track treatment-emergent depression, which occurred in 30% of HCV patients. We show that PDE8A RNA editing is increased in all patients following interferon treatment, but differently in 30% of patients. This effect was mimicked in a cellular model using SHSY-5Y neuroblastoma cells. By combining the data of A-I RNA editing and gene expression, we generated an algorithm that allowed discrimination between the group of patients who developed a treatment-emergent depression and those who did not. The current model of drug-induced depression identified A-I RNA editing biomarkers as useful tools for the identification of individuals at risk of developing depression in an objective, quantifiable biological blood test.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Salvetat
- ALCEDIAG, Sys2Diag / CNRS UMR9005, Parc Euromédecine Cap Delta, 1682 Rue de la Valsière, 34184, Montpellier Cedex 4, France.
| | - S Van der Laan
- ALCEDIAG, Sys2Diag / CNRS UMR9005, Parc Euromédecine Cap Delta, 1682 Rue de la Valsière, 34184, Montpellier Cedex 4, France
| | - B Vire
- ALCEDIAG, Sys2Diag / CNRS UMR9005, Parc Euromédecine Cap Delta, 1682 Rue de la Valsière, 34184, Montpellier Cedex 4, France
| | - F Chimienti
- ALCEDIAG, Sys2Diag / CNRS UMR9005, Parc Euromédecine Cap Delta, 1682 Rue de la Valsière, 34184, Montpellier Cedex 4, France
| | - S Cleophax
- Biocortech, rue de la Croix Jarry, 75013, Paris, France.,Etablissement Français du Sang, 2 avenue Ile de France, 95300, Pontoise, France
| | - J P Bronowicki
- Hepato-Gastroenterology, Hopital Brabois- CHU Nancy, 54511, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - M Doffoel
- Université de Strasbourg, Hopital Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - M Bourlière
- Hepato-Gastroenterology, Hopital Saint Joseph, 13285, Marseille, France
| | - R Schwan
- Hepato-Gastroenterology, Hopital Brabois- CHU Nancy, 54511, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - J P Lang
- Université de Strasbourg, Hopital Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France.,Les Toises, Centre de psychiatrie et psychothérapie, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J F Pujol
- ALCEDIAG, Sys2Diag / CNRS UMR9005, Parc Euromédecine Cap Delta, 1682 Rue de la Valsière, 34184, Montpellier Cedex 4, France.,Biocortech, rue de la Croix Jarry, 75013, Paris, France
| | - D Weissmann
- ALCEDIAG, Sys2Diag / CNRS UMR9005, Parc Euromédecine Cap Delta, 1682 Rue de la Valsière, 34184, Montpellier Cedex 4, France.,Biocortech, rue de la Croix Jarry, 75013, Paris, France
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40
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Das UN. Beneficial role of bioactive lipids in the pathobiology, prevention, and management of HBV, HCV and alcoholic hepatitis, NAFLD, and liver cirrhosis: A review. J Adv Res 2019; 17:17-29. [PMID: 31193303 PMCID: PMC6526165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that hepatitis B virus (HBV)- and hepatitis C virus (HCV)-induced hepatic damage and cirrhosis and associated hypoalbuminemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) are due to an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory bioactive lipids. Increased tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α production induced by HBV and HCV leads to a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) deficiency and hypoalbuminemia. Albumin mobilizes PUFAs from the liver and other tissues and thus may aid in enhancing the formation of anti-inflammatory lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, maresins and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory PGE2. As PUFAs exert anti-viral and anti-bacterial effects, the presence of adequate levels of PUFAs could inactivate HCV and HBV and prevent spontaneous bacterial peritonitis observed in cirrhosis. PUFAs, PGE1, lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins suppress TNF-α and other pro-inflammatory cytokines, exert cytoprotective effects, and modulate stem cell proliferation and differentiation to promote recovery following hepatitis, NAFLD and AFLD. Based on this evidence, it is proposed that the administration of albumin in conjunction with PUFAs and their anti-inflammatory products could be beneficial for the prevention of and recovery from NAFLD, hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver. NAFLD is common in obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome, suggesting that even these diseases could be due to alterations in the metabolism of PUFAs and other bioactive lipids. Hence, PUFAs and co-factors needed for their metabolism and albumin may be of benefit in the prevention and management of HBV, HCV, alcoholic hepatitis and NAFLD, and liver cirrhosis.
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41
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Innes S, Pariante CM, Borsini A. Microglial-driven changes in synaptic plasticity: A possible role in major depressive disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 102:236-247. [PMID: 30594100 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.12.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent data gathered from both in vitro and in vivo models of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) have indicated that microglia play an active role in modifying some of the most important sources for neuronal plasticity, specifically long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). In addition, microglia have been implicated in neuro-immune interaction dysregulations, which are considered a core constituent of MDD pathology. While prior studies have investigated the diverse effects activated microglia can have in the context of depression, including regulation of inflammatory cytokine production and structural changes, recent evidence has revealed a more direct relationship between microglial activation and changes in synaptic function and plasticity, including LTP and LTD. Here we review these findings from animal models, as well as discuss how current preclinical evidence might shed light on novel therapeutic targets for patients with depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Innes
- Guy's King's and St Thomas' School of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, UK
| | - Carmine M Pariante
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Alessandra Borsini
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
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42
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Guo Q, Shen ZB, Sun XM, Chen D, Kang P. [Association of cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 gene polymorphism with bronchial asthma and response to montelukast in children]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2019; 21:155-160. [PMID: 30782278 PMCID: PMC7389827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 03/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the association of cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 (PLA2G4) rs932476 polymorphism with the development of bronchial asthma and the response to montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, in children. METHODS A total of 128 children with bronchial asthma were enrolled as case group, and 100 healthy children were enrolled as control group. The genotype and allele frequencies of PLA2G4 rs932476 were compared between the two groups. The children in the case group were administered with montelukast except routine treatment for 2 months, and the changes in serum levels of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), interleukin-4 (IL-4), immunoglobulin E (IgE), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), pulmonary function and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) after treatment were observed. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of PLA2G4 rs932476 between the case and control groups, as well as between the groups with different severities of asthma (P>0.05). After treatment, the children with AA genotype had a significantly higher overall response rate than those with GG genotype. After treatment, the case group had significant reductions in the serum levels of IgE and IL-4 and a significant increase in the level of IFN-γ (P<0.05). After treatment, the children with GG genotype had a higher serum level of IL-4 and a lower level of IFN-γ than those with AA genotype. After treatment, the case group had significant increases in pulmonary function parameters, and the children with AA genotype had significantly higher parameters than those with GG genotype. The case group had a significant reduction in the level of FeNO, and the children with AA genotype had a significantly lower level than those with GG genotype after treatment. The case group had a significantly higher serum level of LTB4 than the control group before treatment (P<0.05). After treatment the case group had a significant reduction in the serum level of LTB4 (P<0.05). The children with GG genotype had a significantly higher level of LTB4 than those with AA genotype after treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS PLA2G4 rs932476 polymorphism is not associated with the susceptibility and severity of bronchial asthma in children, but it may has certain influence on children's response to the leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast, possibly by affecting the level of LTB4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Guo
- Department of West District General Internal Medicine, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University/Henan Children's Hospital/Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
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43
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Guo Q, Shen ZB, Sun XM, Chen D, Kang P. [Association of cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 gene polymorphism with bronchial asthma and response to montelukast in children]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2019; 21:155-160. [PMID: 30782278 PMCID: PMC7389827 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the association of cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 (PLA2G4) rs932476 polymorphism with the development of bronchial asthma and the response to montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, in children. METHODS A total of 128 children with bronchial asthma were enrolled as case group, and 100 healthy children were enrolled as control group. The genotype and allele frequencies of PLA2G4 rs932476 were compared between the two groups. The children in the case group were administered with montelukast except routine treatment for 2 months, and the changes in serum levels of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), interleukin-4 (IL-4), immunoglobulin E (IgE), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), pulmonary function and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) after treatment were observed. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of PLA2G4 rs932476 between the case and control groups, as well as between the groups with different severities of asthma (P>0.05). After treatment, the children with AA genotype had a significantly higher overall response rate than those with GG genotype. After treatment, the case group had significant reductions in the serum levels of IgE and IL-4 and a significant increase in the level of IFN-γ (P<0.05). After treatment, the children with GG genotype had a higher serum level of IL-4 and a lower level of IFN-γ than those with AA genotype. After treatment, the case group had significant increases in pulmonary function parameters, and the children with AA genotype had significantly higher parameters than those with GG genotype. The case group had a significant reduction in the level of FeNO, and the children with AA genotype had a significantly lower level than those with GG genotype after treatment. The case group had a significantly higher serum level of LTB4 than the control group before treatment (P<0.05). After treatment the case group had a significant reduction in the serum level of LTB4 (P<0.05). The children with GG genotype had a significantly higher level of LTB4 than those with AA genotype after treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS PLA2G4 rs932476 polymorphism is not associated with the susceptibility and severity of bronchial asthma in children, but it may has certain influence on children's response to the leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast, possibly by affecting the level of LTB4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Guo
- Department of West District General Internal Medicine, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University/Henan Children's Hospital/Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
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Reimers A, Ljung H. The emerging role of omega-3 fatty acids as a therapeutic option in neuropsychiatric disorders. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2019; 9:2045125319858901. [PMID: 31258889 PMCID: PMC6591664 DOI: 10.1177/2045125319858901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of neurologic and psychiatric diseases has been increasing for decades and, given the moderate therapeutic efficacy and safety profile of existing pharmacological treatments, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic approaches. Nutrition has recently been recognized as an important factor for the prevention and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) play critical roles in neuronal cell function and neurotransmission as well as inflammatory and immune reactions that are involved in neuropsychiatric disease states. A large number of experimental and epidemiological studies provide a strong basis for interventional clinical trials that assessed the clinical efficacy of n-3 PUFAs in various neurological and psychiatric disorders. Most of these trials found beneficial effects of dietary supplementation with EPA and DHA, and no serious safety concerns have emerged. This review gives an introduction to recent findings on the clinical efficacy of n-3 PUFAs in various neuropsychiatric disorders and the underlying biochemical mechanisms. In addition, the reader will be enabled to identify common methodological weaknesses of clinical studies on n-3 PUFAs, and suggestions for the design of future studies are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Reimers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Klinikgatan 17, Lund, 22185, Sweden
| | - Hanna Ljung
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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45
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Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Deficiency and Progressive Neuropathology in Psychiatric Disorders: A Review of Translational Evidence and Candidate Mechanisms. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2019; 27:94-107. [PMID: 30633010 PMCID: PMC6411441 DOI: 10.1097/hrp.0000000000000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Meta-analytic evidence indicates that mood and psychotic disorders are associated with both omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (omega-3 PUFA) deficits and progressive regional gray and white matter pathology. Although the association between omega-3 PUFA insufficiency and progressive neuropathological processes remains speculative, evidence from translational research suggests that omega-3 PUFA insufficiency may represent a plausible and modifiable risk factor not only for enduring neurodevelopmental abnormalities in brain structure and function, but also for increased vulnerability to neurodegenerative processes. Recent evidence from human neuroimaging studies suggests that lower omega-3 PUFA intake/status is associated with accelerated gray matter atrophy in healthy middle-aged and elderly adults, particularly in brain regions consistently implicated in mood and psychotic disorders, including the amygdala, anterior cingulate, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and temporal cortex. Human neuroimaging evidence also suggests that both low omega-3 PUFA intake/status and psychiatric disorders are associated with reductions in white matter microstructural integrity and increased rates of white matter hyperintensities. Preliminary evidence suggests that increasing omega-3 PUFA status is protective against gray matter atrophy and deficits in white matter microstructural integrity in patients with mood and psychotic disorders. Plausible mechanisms mediating this relationship include elevated pro-inflammatory signaling, increased synaptic regression, and reductions in cerebral perfusion. Together these associations encourage additional neuroimaging research to directly investigate whether increasing omega-3 PUFA status can mitigate neuropathological processes in patients with, or at high risk for, psychiatric disorders.
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46
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Lee Y, Subramaniapillai M, Brietzke E, Mansur RB, Ho RC, Yim SJ, McIntyre RS. Anti-cytokine agents for anhedonia: targeting inflammation and the immune system to treat dimensional disturbances in depression. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2018; 8:337-348. [PMID: 30524702 PMCID: PMC6278744 DOI: 10.1177/2045125318791944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of mood disorders is mechanistically heterogeneous, underscoring the need for a dimensional approach to identify and develop targeted treatments in psychiatry. Accumulating evidence implicates inflammation as an important contributor to the pathophysiology of depression and presents the immune system as a viable therapeutic target that may be more proximate to the pathogenic nexus of brain-based disorders in specific subpopulations. Anhedonia is a transdiagnostic (e.g. Parkinson's disease, diabetes mellitus, rheumatic diseases), yet specific, and clinically relevant symptom dimension subserved by well-characterized neurobiological and neurophysiological substrates of the positive valence systems (PVS). Brain circuits, nodes, and networks, as well as cellular and molecular pathways (e.g. dopaminergic transmission; excitotoxicity; synaptic plasticity), subserving anhedonia are preferentially affected by inflammatory processes. To our knowledge, no published randomized, controlled clinical trial in populations with mood disorders has, to date, primarily sought to determine the effects of an anti-inflammatory agent on PVS functions or pathophysiology. Three ongoing clinical trials aim to investigate the effects of anti-TNF-alpha biologic infliximab on measures of anhedonia [ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02363738], motivational behavior and circuitry [ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03006393], and glutamatergic changes in the basal ganglia [ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03004443] in clinical populations with unipolar or bipolar depression. Positive results would further instantiate the relevance of inflammatory processes and the immune system in the pathophysiology of mood disorders and provide the impetus to develop scalable treatments targeting inflammation and the immune system to mitigate transdiagnostic, dimensional disturbances in brain-based disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yena Lee
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mehala Subramaniapillai
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roger C Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Samantha J Yim
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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47
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Felger JC. Imaging the Role of Inflammation in Mood and Anxiety-related Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:533-558. [PMID: 29173175 PMCID: PMC5997866 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666171123201142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies investigating the impact of a variety of inflammatory stimuli on the brain and behavior have reported evidence that inflammation and release of inflammatory cytokines affect circuitry relevant to both reward and threat sensitivity to contribute to behavioral change. Of relevance to mood and anxiety-related disorders, biomarkers of inflammation such as inflammatory cytokines and acute-phase proteins are reliably elevated in a significant proportion of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Methods This review summarized clinical and translational work demonstrating the impact of peripheral inflammation on brain regions and neurotransmitter systems relevant to both reward and threat sensitivity, with a focus on neuroimaging studies involving administration of inflammatory stimuli. Recent translation of these findings to further understand the role of inflammation in mood and anxiety-related disorders is also discussed. Results Inflammation was consistently found to affect basal ganglia and cortical reward and motor circuits to drive reduced motivation and motor activity, as well as anxiety-related brain regions including amygdala, insula and anterior cingulate cortex, which may result from cytokine effects on monoamines and glutamate. Similar relationships between inflammation and altered neurocircuitry have been observed in MDD patients with increased peripheral inflammatory markers, and such work is on the horizon for anxiety disorders and PTSD. Conclusion Neuroimaging effects of inflammation on reward and threat circuitry may be used as biomarkers of inflammation for future development of novel therapeutic strategies to better treat mood and anxiety-related disorders in patients with high inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Felger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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48
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Su KP, Tseng PT, Lin PY, Okubo R, Chen TY, Chen YW, Matsuoka YJ. Association of Use of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids With Changes in Severity of Anxiety Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2018; 1:e182327. [PMID: 30646157 PMCID: PMC6324500 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE No systematic review or meta-analysis has assessed the efficacy of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for anxiety. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of anxiety symptoms with omega-3 PUFA treatment compared with controls in varied populations. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Embase, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, ClinicalKey, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched up to March 4, 2018. STUDY SELECTION A search was performed of clinical trials assessing the anxiolytic effect of omega-3 PUFAs in humans, in either placebo-controlled or non-placebo-controlled designs. Of 104 selected articles, 19 entered the final data extraction stage. DATA EXTRACTION AND MEASURES Two authors independently extracted the data according to a predetermined list of interests. A random-effects model meta-analysis was performed and this study was conducted based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Changes in the severity of anxiety symptoms after omega-3 PUFA treatment. RESULTS In total, 1203 participants with omega-3 PUFA treatment (mean age, 43.7 years; mean female proportion, 55.0%; mean omega-3 PUFA dosage, 1605.7 mg/d) and 1037 participants without omega-3 PUFA treatment (mean age, 40.6 years; mean female proportion, 55.0%) showed an association between clinical anxiety symptoms among participants with omega-3 PUFA treatment compared with control arms (Hedges g, 0.374; 95% CI, 0.081-0.666; P = .01). Subgroup analysis showed that the association of treatment with reduced anxiety symptoms was significantly greater in subgroups with specific clinical diagnoses than in subgroups without clinical conditions. The anxiolytic effect of omega-3 PUFAs was significantly better than that of controls only in subgroups with a higher dosage (at least 2000 mg/d) and not in subgroups with a lower dosage (<2000 mg/d). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This review indicates that omega-3 PUFAs might help to reduce the symptoms of clinical anxiety. Further well-designed studies are needed in populations in whom anxiety is the main symptom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Tao Tseng
- WinShine Clinics in Specialty of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Yen Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ryo Okubo
- Division of Health Care Research, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tien-Yu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Wen Chen
- Prospect Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology & Neurology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yutaka J. Matsuoka
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Health Care Research, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center Japan, Tokyo, Japan
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Chang JPC, Guu TW, Chen YC, Gałecki P, Walczewska A, Su KP. BanI polymorphism of cytosolic phospholipase A2 gene and somatic symptoms in medication-free acute depressed patients. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 136:111-115. [PMID: 28108057 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Somatic symptoms are commonly seen in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and might be associated with inflammatory activation. Cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) are the key enzymes in the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which in turn may play an important role in inflammation and somatic symptoms in depression. This study investigated the effects of BanI polymorphism of cPLA2 gene and COX-2 rs4648308 genotypes on somatic symptoms and inflammatory marker in patients with MDD. Eighty-two patients with MDD were assessed for their psychopathology including psychiatric and somatic symptoms, BanI polymorphism of cPLA2 and COX-2 rs4648308 genotypes and CRP levels. The results revealed that MDD patients with the cPLA2 BanI GG genotypes had higher somatic symptoms and higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), while no differences were found among the COX-2 rs4648308 genotypes. Inflammatory process, such as arachidonic acid cascade pathway, might help explain the effect of cPLA2 BanI polymorphism on the somatic symptoms, and may be a potential target for future investigation on treatment for MDD with somatic symptoms. However, the interpretation of the findings in this study is limited since we analyzed the data from a subset data from a larger study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Pei-Chen Chang
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Ta-Wei Guu
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
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Luo Y, Kuang S, Li H, Ran D, Yang J. cAMP/PKA-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway in hippocampus mediates cyclooxygenase 2-induced learning/memory deficits of rats subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress. Oncotarget 2018; 8:35558-35572. [PMID: 28415673 PMCID: PMC5482598 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the mechanism of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) in learning and memory impairments in rats subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), meloxicam was used intragastrically to inhibit the activity of cyclooxygenase 2. Moreover, cyclooxygenase 2 over-expressing or RNA interfere lentivirus was injected intraventricularly to increase or decrease the enzyme's expression, respectively. The body weights and sucrose consumption were used to analyze depressive behaviors, while the Morris water maze and step-down-type passive avoidance tests were carried out to evaluate the learning-memory functions. The levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured to estimate inflammation and the contents of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) were used to measure the levels of the second messenger. Changes in cyclooxygenase 2 mRNA levels were analyzed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, the expression of cyclooxygenase 2, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), prostaglandins receptor 3 (EP3), protein kinase A (PKA), cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), and phosphorylated CREB were estimated using immunohistochemical staining or western blotting. The results showed that CUMS led to significant depressive-like behaviors and learning and memory dysfunctions. Also, the cAMP levels decreased significantly, while levels of inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins E2 increased significantly. The expressions of PKA, BDNF, phosphorylated CREB/CREB declined and cyclooxygenase 2 was increased. Meloxicam and cyclooxygenase 2 RNA interfere lentivirus reversed the changes caused by CUMS while cyclooxygenase 2-overexpressing lentivirus worsened these abnormalities. The findings also showed that CUMS increased cyclooxygenase 2 expression, which can cause learning and memory impairments, mainly through activating the hippocampal neuronal cAMP/PKA-CREB-BDNF signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengnan Kuang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Rongchang, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongzhi Ran
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junqing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
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