1
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Du Z, Lu B, Li D, Chai X. Strengthening nitrogen removal of rural wastewater treatment in humus biochemical system under low dissolved oxygen conditions: Sludge and microbial characteristics. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121762. [PMID: 39067308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
To achieve efficient and cost-effective treatment for the rural wastewater, a novel humus biochemical system (HBS) process derived from humus bio-functional material was proposed to treat rural wastewater under low dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions, and the operational performance, sludge characteristics, and microbial community in HBS were systematically investigated in this study. The results indicated that the HBS reactor could be operated stably under low DO levels of 0.2-0.8 mg/L, and maintained high removal efficiencies of 96.4%, 96.0%, and 88.2% for chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, and total nitrogen, with corresponding effluent concentrations of 11.0, 1.7, and 5.1 mg/L, respectively. The sludge produced from HBS was characterized by relatively large particle size, complex structural morphology, and abundant humic substances, which favorably improved the system stability. Illumina sequencing demonstrated that HBS reactor possessed high microbial abundance and diversity and was enriched with plenty of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria, which synergistically intensified the whole biological nitrogen removal process in this system. The study presented the feasibility and adaptability of HBS for energy-efficient rural wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengliang Du
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Bin Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Dong Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaoli Chai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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2
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Zhao W, Zhang Y, Cui L, Fu W, Liu W. Energy and exergy performances of low-density polyethylene plastic particles assisted by microwave heating. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-31980-4. [PMID: 38285264 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Plastic waste can exist naturally for hundreds of thousands of years and harm humans, animals, and the environment. In this study, the energy and exergy performances (absorbed energy, energy efficiency, absorbed exergy, and exergy efficiency) of LDPE (low-density polyethylene) plastic particles assisted by microwave heating based on the experimental data as affected by microwave power, feeding load, and chamber volume were evaluated and analyzed. The results showed that as the microwave power raised from 500 to 900 W, the feeding load changed from 10 to 30 g, and the chamber volume decreased from 200 to 100 ml, (a) the absorbed energy at the heating time of 60 min increased from 19.73 kJ, 5.84 kJ, and 22.71 kJ to 37.69 kJ; (b) the energy efficiency for the whole heating process increased from 1.10%, 0.32%, and 1.26% to 2.09%; (c) the absorbed exergy at the heating time of 60 min increased from 0.308, 0.091, and 0.091 to 0.724 kJ; and (d) the exergy efficiency for the whole heating process increased from 0.017, 0.005, and 0.023 to 0.040%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenke Zhao
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yaning Zhang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Longfei Cui
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Wenming Fu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Heilongjiang Institute of Energy and Environment, Harbin, 150007, China
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3
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Yan J, Shao Z, Cheng W, Xu S, Wen Q, He Z, Liu D, Li J, Lu X. Homogenizing microwave pyrolysis of oily sludge using nano-Fe 3O 4: volatile gas product analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37946552 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2283057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
To improve the homogeneity of heating, the magnetic absorbing material Fe3O4 is considered to use in microwave pyrolysis of oily sludge. Therefore, the effect of Fe3O4 on the microwave pyrolysis of oily sludge is investigated based on gas volatile products. Thermogravimetric mass spectrometry result certifies that Fe3O4 will increase the weight-loss ratio from 13.0% to 14.1%. Also, the characteristic peak intensity of CO in gas products decreases from 5.41 × 10-10 A/g to 1.95 × 10-10 A/g, while H2O increases from 3.57 × 10-10 A/g to 7.32 × 10-10 A/g and CO2 increases from 6.87 × 10-10 A/g to 8.92 × 10-10 A/g. This is caused by the esterification of alcohols and esters and the reduction of Fe3O4 by CO. Based on the decrease in activation energy and enthalpy values of Stage II and IV, it infers that Fe3O4 catalyzes the pyrolysis process of oily sludge to some extent. Similarly, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry results show that Fe3O4 can make the types of gas products increase. Especially, the number of molecular species increases from 5 to 46 under 200-300 °C. Finally, a simple molecular dynamics simulation model is conducted, and the results are in agreement with the experimental results. This study shows that Fe3O4 improves the pyrolysis homogeneity and the pyrolysis efficiency also improves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- CNPC Research Institute of Safety and Environmental Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- CNPC Research Institute of Safety and Environmental Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wencai Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
- National Co-innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shipei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- CNPC Research Institute of Safety and Environmental Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wen
- Fundamental Science on Nuclear Wastes and Environmental Safety Laboratory, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhicheng He
- Human Resources Department of Petrochina Sichuan Marketing Company, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dujiang Liu
- Fundamental Science on Nuclear Wastes and Environmental Safety Laboratory, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangbo Li
- Shengli Oilfield Company Limited, SINOPEC, Dongying, People's Republic of China
| | - Xirui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
- National Co-innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
- Fundamental Science on Nuclear Wastes and Environmental Safety Laboratory, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
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4
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Liu X, Tian K, Chen Z, Wei W, Xu B, Ni BJ. Online TG-FTIR-MS analysis of the catalytic pyrolysis of polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride microplastics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 441:129881. [PMID: 36063710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are frequently detected in urban waters, which would pose a threat to human health through the food chain. Thus, efficient approaches to the elimination of MPs are urgently required. Pyrolysis is a powerful technique for the potential treatment of MPs. The online thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared reflection-Mass spectrometry (TG-FTIR-MS) is applied for tracking the pyrolysis process of representative polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) MPs in urban waters, together with or without the FeAlOx catalyst. TG could quantitatively determine the decomposition behavior and kinetics of MPs while FTIR and MS spectra would be capable of characterizing the pyrolysis products. The results revealed that FeAlOx is an excellent carbon support, and the deposited carbon can be gasified to CO at higher pyrolysis temperatures. Moreover, more aromatic compounds were generated from the pyrolysis of PE MPs with the catalyzation of FeAlOx. Large quantities of benzene were also produced in the PVC MPs pyrolysis with or without FeAlOx. Also, FeAlOx largely decreased the concentrations of chlorine-containing compounds in the liquid products of PVC MPs pyrolysis. This study provides a efficient technique for the online observation of the MPs' catalytic pyrolysis process, which would guide future upcycling of MPs into value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Ke Tian
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Zhijie Chen
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Bentuo Xu
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
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5
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Herrador JMH, Babor M, Brablíková M, Moghaddam MA, Vráblík A. Industrial sewage sludge direct liquefaction co-processing with tetralin or light cycle oil. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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6
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Gahlot P, Balasundaram G, Tyagi VK, Atabani AE, Suthar S, Kazmi AA, Štěpanec L, Juchelková D, Kumar A. Principles and potential of thermal hydrolysis of sewage sludge to enhance anaerobic digestion. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113856. [PMID: 35850293 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge is rich source of carbon, nutrients, and trace elements and can be subjected to proper treatment before disposal to fulfill government legislation and protect receiving environments. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a well-adopted technology for stabilizing sewage sludge and recovering energy-rich biogas and nutrient-rich digestate. However, a slow hydrolysis rate limits the biodegradability of sludge. In the present study we have attempted to explain the potential of thermal hydrolysis to enhance anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge. Thermal pretreatment improves biodegradability and recycling of the sludge as an excellent energy and nutrients recovery source at reasonable capital (CAPEX) and operational (OPEX) costs. Other pretreatments like conventional (below/above 100 °C), temperature-phased anaerobic digestion (TPAD), microwave and chemically mediated thermal pretreatment have also been accounted. This review provides a holistic overview of sludge's characterization and value-added properties, various techniques used for sludge pretreatment for resource recovery, emphasizing conventional and advanced thermal pretreatment, challenges in scale-up of these technologies, and successful commercialization of thermal pretreatment techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Gahlot
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Gowtham Balasundaram
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Tyagi
- Environmental Hydrology Division, National Institute of Hydrology Roorkee, 247667, India.
| | - A E Atabani
- Alternative Fuels Research Laboratory (AFRL), Energy Division, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey; Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 70800, Ostrava-Poruba, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Surinder Suthar
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, 248 001, India
| | - A A Kazmi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Libor Štěpanec
- Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 70800, Ostrava-Poruba, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Juchelková
- Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 70800, Ostrava-Poruba, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Arvind Kumar
- International Cooperation Division, Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi, 110 016, India
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7
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Facile Synthesis of Novel Disperse Dyes for Dyeing Polyester Fabrics: Demonstrating Their Potential Biological Activities. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14193966. [PMID: 36235912 PMCID: PMC9571010 DOI: 10.3390/polym14193966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Original work showed the composition of the dyes and the antimicrobial/UV protective properties of a series of dyes obtained in our laboratories over the past twelve years in an easy way using microwave technology and their comparisons with conventional methods. The results we obtained clearly indicated that by using the microwave strategy, we were able to synthesize the new disperse dyes in minutes and with a much higher productivity when compared to the traditional methods, which took a much longer time, sometimes up to hours. We also introduced ultrasonic technology in dyeing polyester fabrics at 80 °C for an environmentally friendly approach, which was an alternative to traditional dyeing methods at 100 °C; we obtained a much higher color depth than traditional dyeing methods reaching 102.9%. We presented both the biological activity of the prepared new dyes and the fastness properties and clearly indicated that these dyes possess biological activity and high fastness properties.We presented through the results that when dyeing polyester fabrics with some selected disperse dyes, the color strength of polyester fabrics dyed at high temperatures was greater than the color strength of polyester fabrics dyed at low temperatures by 144%, 186%, 265% and 309%. Finally, we presented that a ZnO or TiO2 NPs post-dyeing treatment of polyester fabrics is promising strategy for producing polyester fabrics possess multifunction like self-cleaning property, high light fastness, antimicrobial and anti-ultraviolet properties.
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8
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Lin J, Cui C, Sun S, Ma R, Yang W, Chen Y. Synergistic optimization of syngas quality and heavy metal immobilization during continuous microwave pyrolysis of sludge: Competitive relationships, reaction mechanisms, and energy efficiency assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 438:129451. [PMID: 35777144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To realize the efficient resource utilization of sewage sludge, this work explored the competitive relationship and reaction mechanisms between syngas quality optimization and heavy metals (HMs) immobilization. The results showed that continuous microwave pyrolysis (CMP) technology with an instantaneous temperature increase could shorten the pyrolysis time, and the biogas yield and syngas concentration reached 51.68 wt% and 83.6 vol%, respectively. Although a higher pyrolysis (750 °C) temperature could optimize the syngas quality, the HMs immobilization efficiency was reduced due to the deep pyrolysis of the biochar. The moderate pyrolysis temperature (650 °C) facilitated the rapid formation of biochar with abundant surface functional groups and pore structure, thus enhancing HMs immobilization. Furthermore, the HMs could also form more stable crystalline compounds with inorganic components (SiO2, Al2O3, inorganic sulfur). By optimizing the process parameters, the risk factor of HMs in the sludge decreased from 117.36 to 62.5 while obtaining high-quality syngas. The energy utilization efficiency of microwave pyrolysis also increased significantly from 11.20% to 82.01%. This work provided new insight into the efficient resource utilization and environmentally friendly treatment of sludge, and demonstrated that CMP technology has significant potential for future industrial applications as an alternative to traditional pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Lin
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Chongwei Cui
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shichang Sun
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Research Center for Water Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518055, China
| | - Rui Ma
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Weichen Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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9
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Idris SS, Rahman NA, Ismail K, Mohammed Yunus MF, Mohd Hakimi NIN. Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis of Oil Palm Biomass: Multi-Optimisation of Solid Char Yield and Its Calorific Value Using Response Surface Methodology. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.864589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recovery of oil palm resources is essential towards conserving environment. This study investigated the behaviour of oil palm kernel shells (PKS), palm mesocarp fibre (PMF) and empty fruit bunch (EFB) through microwave assisted pyrolysis. Power level (300–1,000 W), exposure time (10–30 min) and mass loading (20–50 g) were varied to determine its influence on char yield and calorific value at one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) analysis. Model equations obtained from Box-Behnken design was used for Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in determining the optimum operating condition. It was found that the power level has least important influence on the solid char yield of EFB and PMF. No significant impact on the solid char yield of PMF beyond 10 min of exposure. Maximum mass inside the pyrolyser for EFB, PMF, and PKS are 40, 50, and 25 g, respectively. Calorific values of solid char produced were comparable to a low rank coal (>22 MJ/kg). From the RSM analysis, the optimum conditions for obtaining high char yield and calorific values have been determined with power level of 300 W, exposure time in the range of 16.7–32 min, and biomass mass in the range of 20–40.4 g. The outcome from this analysis is vital as it provides an alternative solution to utilise oil palm industrial wastes to be converted to solid fuel as source of renewable fuel and reduce its pollution to the environment.
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10
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Suriapparao DV, Gautam R, Rao Jeeru L. Analysis of pyrolysis index and reaction mechanism in microwave-assisted ex-situ catalytic co-pyrolysis of agro-residual and plastic wastes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 357:127357. [PMID: 35605781 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic and non-catalytic microwave-assisted co-pyrolysis of biomass with plastics was performed to understand the interactions. An ex-situ configuration was adopted for performing catalytic co-pyrolysis experiments with ZSM-5 as a catalyst. Co-pyrolysis promoted cracking of vapors resulting in enhanced gas yields. ZSM-5 further enhanced the secondary cracking which resulted in low oil yields. The oil fraction collected from the pyrolysis of plastics was rich in hydrocarbons, whereas biomass pyrolysis led to the formation of oxygenated compounds in the oil. A plausible reaction mechanism scheme is proposed to understand the formation of major pyrolysis products via different pathways during different pyrolysis processes investigated. Also, a new parameter, the pyrolysis index is introduced to understand the pyrolysis intensity by utilizing the feedstock conversion, pyrolysis time, heating value, mass of feedstock, and energy consumption. The value of the pyrolysis index was found to be higher for plastics pyrolysis than biomass pyrolysis. Co-pyrolysis further increased the pyrolysis index due to the synergistic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dadi V Suriapparao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382007, India.
| | - Ribhu Gautam
- Clean Combustion Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lakshmana Rao Jeeru
- School of Petroleum Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382007, India
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11
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A comparative assessment of biofuel products from rice husk and oil palm empty fruit bunch obtained from conventional and microwave pyrolysis. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Al-Etaibi AM, El-Apasery MA. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Azo Disperse Dyes for Dyeing Polyester Fabrics: Our Contributions over the Past Decade. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091703. [PMID: 35566872 PMCID: PMC9105068 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic reactions utilizing the microwave strategy have become able to conduct in shorter times, with higher yields, and are compatible with green chemistry protocols. In recent years, microwave technologies as an effective agent in organic synthesis have been successful utilized in textile industries and for the synthesis of dyes, especially disperse dyes. Herein, we present our contributions over the past decade through the use of microwave technology not only in the synthesis of new biologically active organic compounds and disperse dyes, but also the use of this effective, environmentally friendly technology in dyeing polyester fabrics as an alternative to conventional heating methods. We also demonstrate both the fastness properties and biological activities of the newly prepared compounds. In addition, we present the treatment of dyeing baths by reusing them again in the dyeing process, using microwave energy to achieve this goal, and this has environmentally friendly dimensions. Some of the possible utilizations of microwave irradiation have been presented in many different fields of chemistry. We recommend relying on this effective and environmentally safe technology instead of relying on conventional methods that take a lot of time, give low yields, and may have a negative impact on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alya M. Al-Etaibi
- Natural Science Department, College of Health Science, Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, Fayha 72853, Kuwait
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +96-599-807-246
| | - Morsy Ahmed El-Apasery
- Dyeing, Printing and Textile Auxiliaries Department, Textile Research and Technology Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt;
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13
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Mechanism of Magnetic Nanoparticle Enhanced Microwave Pyrolysis for Oily Sludge. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15041254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In view of the high dielectric constant of magnetic nanoparticles, this paper intends to use it as a new type of microwave absorbing medium to accelerate the microwave pyrolysis process of oily sludge. Microwave thermogravimetric reaction and pyrolysis product staged collection devices were established, respectively. The main stage of pyrolysis process of oily sludge was divided based on the thermogravimetric experiments. Mechanism was studied through the characteristics of pyrolysis products and reaction kinetics simulation. Experimental results showed that the addition of magnetic ZnFe2O4 particle did not change the microwave pyrolysis process of oily sludge and the pyrolysis efficiency could be improved. Pyrolysis process was divided into three stages, rapid heating and water evaporation stage (20~150 °C), light component evaporation stage (150~240 °C) and heavy component cracking stage (240~300 °C). Due to the addition of magnetic ZnFe2O4 particles, the content of C4~C12 increased by 3.5%, and the content of C18+ decreased by 4.1%, indicating that more recombinant components participated in the reaction pyrolysis to form light gas components. The kinetic analysis showed that the activation energy of oily sludge decreased by 36.49% and the pre-exponential factor decreased by 91.39% in stage III, indicating that magnetic nanoparticles had good catalytic activity.
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14
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Xaba SA, Igberase E, Osayi J, Seodigeng T, Osifo PO. Optimization of primary sewage sludge and coal lignite by microwave-assisted pyrolysis for the production of bio-oil. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:658-672. [PMID: 32677866 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1797903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the raw materials and produced bio-oil were characterized in terms of physical and chemical properties. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite was used to investigate the process parameter significance on bio-oil yield. The statistical significance is indicated by P-value of less than 0.05 at 95% confidence level. For raw material, coal lignite spectrum showed potential existence of phenols, alcohol and water linked to mineral water associated with the hydroxyl group found in stretching vibrations that are between 3200 and 3400 cm-1. The oxygen-containing groups such as C = O, C-O and aromatic skeletal lignin from lignocellulosic materials were observed on the coal lignite spectrum. Sewage sludge spectrum showed the presence of amide I, amide II, aliphatic methylene, lipids and fats. Si-O of clay minerals and silicates impurities were attributed by peaks 872 and 1031 cm-1 on the primary sewage sludge spectrum, respectively. The produced bio-oil results from Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were in agreement with Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy results. Maximum bio-oil of 42 wt% was obtained under the following conditions : temperature, 550°C, heating rate, 180.3°C/min and particle size 425 µm.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Xaba
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - E Igberase
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - J Osayi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - T Seodigeng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - P O Osifo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
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15
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Selvam S M, Paramasivan B. Microwave assisted carbonization and activation of biochar for energy-environment nexus: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131631. [PMID: 34315073 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Conventional thermochemical conversion techniques for biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass is often non-selective and energy inefficient. Microwave assisted pyrolysis (MAP) is cost and energy-efficient technology aimed for value-added bioproducts recovery from biomass with less environmental impacts. The present review emphasizes the performance of MAP in terms of product yield, characteristics and energy consumption and further it compares it with conventional pyrolysis. The significant role of biochar as catalyst in microwave pyrolysis for enhancing the product selectivity and quality, and the influence of microwave activation on product composition identified through sophisticated techniques has been highlighted. Besides, the application of MAP based biochar as soil conditioner and heavy metal immobilization has been illustrated. MAP accomplished at low temperature creates uniform thermal gradient than conventional mode, thereby producing engineered char with hotspots that could be used as catalysts for gasification, energy storage, etc. The stability, nutrient content, surface properties and adsorption capacity of biochar was enhanced by microwave activation, thus facilitating its use as soil conditioner. Many reviews until now on MAP mostly dealt with operational conditions and product yield with limited focus on comparative energy consumption with conventional mode, analytical techniques for product characterization and end application especially concerning agriculture. Thus, the present review adds on to the current state of art on microwave assisted pyrolysis covering all-round aspects of production followed by characterization and applications as soil amendment for increasing crop productivity in addition to the production of value-added chemicals, thus promoting process sustainability in energy and environment nexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Selvam S
- Agricultural & Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, 769008, India
| | - Balasubramanian Paramasivan
- Agricultural & Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, 769008, India.
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16
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Biological conversion of carbon monoxide and hydrogen by anaerobic culture: Prospect of anaerobic digestion and thermochemical processes combination. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 58:107886. [PMID: 34915147 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Waste biomass is considered a promising renewable energy feedstock that can be converted by anaerobic digestion. However, anaerobic digestion application can be challenging due to the structural complexity of several waste biomass kinds. Therefore, coupling anaerobic digestion with thermochemical processes can offset the limitations and convert the hardly biodegradable waste biomass, including digestate residue, into value-added products: syngas and pyrogas (gaseous mixtures consisting mainly of H2, CO, CO2), bio-oil, and biochar for further valorisation. In this review, the utilisation boundaries and benefits of the aforementioned products by anaerobic culture are discussed. First, thermochemical process parameters for an enhanced yield of desired products are summarised. Particularly, the microbiology of CO and H2 mixture biomethanation and fermentation in anaerobic digestion is presented. Finally, the state-of-the-art biological conversion of syngas and pyrogas to CH4 mediated by anaerobic culture is adequately described. Extensive research shows the successful selective biological conversion of CO and H2 to CH4, acetic acid, and alcohols. The main bottleneck is the gas-liquid mass transfer which can be enhanced appropriately by bioreactors' configurations. A few research groups focus on bio-oil and biochar addition into anaerobic digesters. However, according to the literature review, there has been no research for utilising all value-added products at once in anaerobic digestion published so far. Although synergic effects of such can be expected. In summary, the combination of anaerobic digestion and thermochemical processes is a promising alternative for wide-scale waste biomass utilisation in practice.
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17
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Product Characteristics of Sludge Pyrolysis and Adsorption Performance of Metals by Char. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132112125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The microwave heating system was used for sludge pyrolysis. The raw sludge and KOH-immersed sludge were pyrolyzed and their product characteristics were determined. The research results are advantageous to understand the influence of KOH activation on characteristics of pyrolysis products and the adsorption performance of metals in char. In the case of a high temperature and high KOH dose, most of the lost mass from sludge pyrolysis was converted into gaseous products instead of oil. The heat values of liquid oils were 40.86–41.39 MJ kg−1, which has the potential for use as fuels. The use of a higher KOH dose for sludge pyrolysis is beneficial to the porosity development and generates a mesopore structure. The results from adsorption tests indicate that precipitation could be the dominant adsorption mechanism due to the binding between alkaline anion and carbonate and metal ions with a strong chemical affinity. The high KOH dose sludge adsorbent has a remarkable adsorption performance and can be used as adsorbent for the removal of the studied metals.
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18
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Moreira R, Bimbela F, Gil-Lalaguna N, Sánchez JL, Portugal A. Clean syngas production by gasification of lignocellulosic char: State of the art and future prospects. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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19
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Liew CS, Kiatkittipong W, Lim JW, Lam MK, Ho YC, Ho CD, Ntwampe SKO, Mohamad M, Usman A. Stabilization of heavy metals loaded sewage sludge: Reviewing conventional to state-of-the-art thermal treatments in achieving energy sustainability. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 277:130310. [PMID: 33774241 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge has long been regarded as a hazardous waste by virtue of the loaded heavy metals and pathogens. Recently, more advanced technologies are introduced to make use of the nutrients from this hazardous sludge. Successful recovery of sludge's carbon content could significantly convert waste to energy and promote energy sustainability. Meanwhile, the recovery of nitrogen and trace minerals allows the production of fertilizers. This review is elucidating the performances of modern thermal treatment technologies in recovering resources from sewage sludge while reducing its environmental impacts. Exhaustive investigations show that most modern technologies are capable of recovering sludge's carbon content for energy generation. Concurrently, the technologies could as well stabilize heavy metals, destroy harmful pathogens, and reduce the volume of sludge to minimize the environmental impacts. Nevertheless, the high initial investment cost still poses a huge hurdle for many developing countries. Since the initial investment cost is inevitable, the future works should focus on improving the profit margin of thermal technologies; so that it would be more financially attractive. This can be done through process optimization, improved process design as well as the use of suitable co-substrates, additives, and catalyst as propounded in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Seng Liew
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Worapon Kiatkittipong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand.
| | - Jun-Wei Lim
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
| | - Man-Kee Lam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Yeek-Chia Ho
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Centre of Urban Resource Sustainability, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Chii-Dong Ho
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, Tamsui, New Taipei, 251, Taiwan
| | - Seteno K O Ntwampe
- School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North West University, Private BagX1290, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Mardawani Mohamad
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli, 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Anwar Usman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
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Naqvi SR, Tariq R, Shahbaz M, Naqvi M, Aslam M, Khan Z, Mackey H, Mckay G, Al-Ansari T. Recent developments on sewage sludge pyrolysis and its kinetics: Resources recovery, thermogravimetric platforms, and innovative prospects. Comput Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2021.107325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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21
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Huang YF, Chiueh PT, Lo SL. Energy recovery from sewage sludge: Product characteristics, heating value prediction and reaction kinetics. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 268:128783. [PMID: 33168284 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Energy recovery from sewage sludge was carried out by using microwave and conventional torrefaction. The microwave torrefaction was carried out by using a laboratory-scale microwave oven that provides single-mode microwave irradiation at 2.45 GHz, and the amount of sewage sludge for each experiment was approximately 20 g. The efficiency of microwave heating can be substantially promoted at higher power level, resulting in higher heating rate and maximum temperature. According to higher energy yield and heating value of torrefied sewage sludge, the optimum power level for bioenergy produced by microwave torrefaction of sewage sludge should be 200 W. Because of lower mass yield and temperature required to obtain the same yield, microwave heating can be more effective than conventional heating for sewage sludge torrefaction. The elemental composition of torrefied sewage sludge at 400 W was similar to that of anthracite, and its low hydrogen and oxygen contents could prevent excessive formation of smoke. Two correlations were obtained to predict the HHV of SS based on proximate and elemental compositions. With the recovery of liquid and gas products as bioenergy, the energy return on investment for microwave torrefaction of sewage sludge can be up to 16.4, much higher than the minimum value required for a sustainable society. Because of lower activation energy but higher pre-exponential factor, microwave heating can be approximately five times faster than conventional heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fong Huang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Rd. Sec. 4, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Te Chiueh
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Rd. Sec. 4, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC; Water Innovation, Low Carbon and Environmental Sustainability Research Center, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shang-Lien Lo
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Rd. Sec. 4, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC; Water Innovation, Low Carbon and Environmental Sustainability Research Center, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC.
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22
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Xue Y, Zhou Y, Liu J, Xiao Y, Wang T. Comparative analysis for pyrolysis of sewage sludge in tube reactor heated by electromagnetic induction and electrical resistance furnace. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 120:513-521. [PMID: 33132001 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A comparative study was conducted on the pyrolysis of sewage sludge in tube reactors heated by electromagnetic induction (EMI) and conventional electrical resistance furnace (ERF). A minimal effect of pyrolysis temperature and initial moisture content on the distribution of pyrolytic products was obtained. Compared with the counterpart from ERF pyrolysis, the bio-char from EMI pyrolysis exhibited less ash content (46.38 wt%) and higher organic matter content (53.62 wt%). SEM and FTIR test showed similar microstructure characterizations in the two bio-chars. The specific area of bio-char from EMI pyrolysis was 8.6 m2/g. EMI pyrolysis increased the total content of aliphatic/aromatics in the bio-oil from 10.8 wt% to 15.6 wt% and the hydrogen/carbon monoxide in the bio-gas from 33.8 vol% to 41.1 vol% because of possible cracking and reforming reactions. Increased sulfur content in the bio-oil and decreased hazard gas content (such as hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide) in the bio-gas were obtained during EMI pyrolysis. The actual energy consumption for EMI and ERF pyrolysis were 4.62 MJ/kg and 6.65 MJ/kg. Increasing the feedstock content would reduce the energy consumption unit energy consumption. Less system energy loss during EMI pyrolysis might explain the higher energy recovery from EMI pyrolysis than that from ERF. Despite some disadvantages, EMI pyrolysis shows potential in real-plant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Teng Wang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China.
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23
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Trabelsi ABH, Zaafouri K, Friaa A, Abidi S, Naoui S, Jamaaoui F. Municipal sewage sludge energetic conversion as a tool for environmental sustainability: production of innovative biofuels and biochar. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:9777-9791. [PMID: 33156501 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, municipal sewage sludge (MSS) is converted simultaneously into renewable biofuels (bio-oil, syngas) and high value-added products (biochar) using a fixed bed pyrolyzer. This work examines the combined effect of two factors: final pyrolysis temperature (°C) and MSS moisture content (%) on pyrogenic product yields and characteristics. A centered composite experimental design (CCD) is established for pyrolysis process optimization by adopting the response surface methodology (RSM). The statistical results indicate that the optimal conditions considering all studied factors and responses are 550 °C as final pyrolysis temperature and 15% as MSS moisture content. In these optimal conditions, biofuels yield is around 48 wt%, whereas biochar yield is about 52 wt%. The pyrolysis products characterizations reveal that (i) pyrolytic oil has a complex molecular composition rich with n-alkanes, n-alkenes, carboxylic acids, and aromatic compounds; (ii) bio-oil presents a high-energy content (high heating value HHV around 30.6 MJ/kg); (iii) syngas mixture has a good calorific value (HHV up to 8 MJ/kg), which could be used as renewable energy vector or for pyrolysis reactor heating; and (iv) biochar residue has good aliphatic and oxygenated group contents favoring its application as biofertilizer. These findings suggest that MSS conversion into biofuels and biochar is an appropriate approach for MSS treatment. MSS-to-energy could be proposed as an element for circular economy concept due to its effectiveness in producing high value-added and sustainable products and reducing environmental problems linked to MSS disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aïda Ben Hassen Trabelsi
- Laboratory of Wind Energy Management and Waste Energy Recovery (LMEEVED), Research and Technology Center of Energy (CRTEn), B.P. 95, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.
| | - Kaouther Zaafouri
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LETMi), National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), Carthage University, 2 Boulevard de la terre, BP 676, 1080, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Athar Friaa
- Laboratory of Wind Energy Management and Waste Energy Recovery (LMEEVED), Research and Technology Center of Energy (CRTEn), B.P. 95, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Samira Abidi
- Laboratory of Wind Energy Management and Waste Energy Recovery (LMEEVED), Research and Technology Center of Energy (CRTEn), B.P. 95, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Slim Naoui
- Laboratory of Wind Energy Management and Waste Energy Recovery (LMEEVED), Research and Technology Center of Energy (CRTEn), B.P. 95, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Faycel Jamaaoui
- Laboratory of Wind Energy Management and Waste Energy Recovery (LMEEVED), Research and Technology Center of Energy (CRTEn), B.P. 95, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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24
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Liu C, Liu X, He Y, An X, Fan D, Wu Z. Microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis of apple wood to produce biochar: Co-pyrolysis behavior, pyrolysis kinetics analysis and evaluation of microbial carriers. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 320:124345. [PMID: 33242689 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This studyinvestigated the behavior and kinetics of co-pyrolysis of apple wood (AW)with H3PO4and K3PO4as catalysts under microwaveto prepare biochar as microbialabsorbent. The kinetic studies indicate that the co-pyrolysis of AW withH3PO4orK3PO4can effectively improve the pyrolysis efficiencyand enhance the biocharcharacteristicsby reducing ofthe activation energy of the pyrolysis reaction. The kinetic parameters indicate that the activation energy of the mixturesin the main pyrolysis stage is lower than that of a single AW, whichmeanthat the co-pyrolysis of AW withH3PO4orK3PO4shows excellent synergy. Biochar characterization showed that the yield of biochar reachedthe highest58.6% whenthe ratio(H3PO4/AW) is0.5. The adsorption results show that the bacteria SL-44 can be effectively loaded on the surface of the biochar, and the adsorption process is combined with Langmuir model and process can proceed spontaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhao Liu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, PR China
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, PR China; Department of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China.
| | - Yanhui He
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, PR China
| | - Xiongfang An
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, PR China
| | - Daidi Fan
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, PR China; Department of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Zhansheng Wu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, PR China.
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25
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Multi-Objective Optimization of an Integrated Algal and Sludge-Based Bioenergy Park and Wastewater Treatment System. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12187793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Given increasing energy demand and global warming potential, the advancements in bioenergy production have become a key factor in combating these issues. Biorefineries have been effective in converting biomass into energy and valuable products with the added benefits of treating wastewater used as a cultivation medium. Recent developments enable relationships between sewage sludge and microalgae that could lead to higher biomass and energy yields. This study proposes a multi-objective optimization model that would assist stakeholders in designing an integrated system consisting of wastewater treatment systems, an algal-based bioenergy park, and a sludge-based bioenergy park that would decide which processes to use in treating wastewater and sludge while minimizing cost and carbon emissions. The baseline run of the model showed that the three plants were utilized in treating both sludge and water for the optimal answer. Running the model with no storage prioritizes water disposal, while having storage can help produce more energy. Sensitivity analysis was performed on storage costs and demand. Results show that decreasing the demand is directly proportional to the total costs while increasing it can help reduce expected costs through storage and utilizing process capacities. Costs of storage do not cause a huge overall difference in costs and directly follow the change.
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26
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Abstract
The utilization of biomass waste as a raw material for renewable energy is a global concern. Pyrolysis is one of the thermal treatments for biomass wastes that results in the production of liquid, solid and gaseous products. Unfortunately, the complex structure of the biomass materials matrix needs elevated heating to convert these materials into useful products. Microwave heating is a promising alternative to conventional heating approaches. Recently, it has been widely used in pyrolysis due to easy operation and its high heating rate. This review tries to identify the microwave-assisted pyrolysis treatment process fundamentals and discusses various key operating parameters which have an effect on product yield. It was found that several operating parameters govern this process such as microwave power and the degree of temperature, microwave absorber addition and its concentration, initial moisture content, initial sweep gas flow rate/residence time. Moreover, this study highlighted the most attractive products of the microwave pyrolysis process. These products include synthesis gas, bio-char, and bio-oil. The benefits and challenges of microwave heating are discussed.
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27
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Residue Char Derived from Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis of Sludge as Adsorbent for the Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8080979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Residue char is the main by-product of the microwave-assisted pyrolysis of activated sludge and it has a high content of fixed carbon and porous structure, but little is known about its character as an absorbent. In this study, residue char of activated sludge with microwave-assisted pyrolysis was used as an adsorbent to absorb methylene blue. The effects of pyrolysis temperature, pyrolysis holding time, contact time, and adsorption temperature on the adsorption ability of residue char were investigated. Kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamic models were also included to study the adsorption behavior. The results showed that the optimal pyrolysis condition was 15 min and 603 °C, and the adsorption capacity reached up to 80.01 mg/g. The kinetics analyses indicated the adsorption behavior followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics model and the adsorption process was mainly due to chemical interaction. The adsorption isotherm was described by Freundlich model and thus, its process was multimolecular layer adsorption. Furthermore, the thermodynamics parameters (ΔG0, ΔH0, and ΔS0) at different temperatures indicated that the nature of the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous.
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28
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Detailed Analysis of Sewage Sludge Pyrolysis Gas: Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13164087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Conventional methods of sewage sludge disposal are often limited by their environmental impact and economic demands. Pyrolysis has been studied as a viable method for sewage sludge disposal and transformation into usable products. Pyrolytic products may have various uses, and their complex characteristics shall be described to assess their potential for safe utilization. Here, we studied slow pyrolysis of stabilized sewage sludge in a fixed bed reactor at 400–800 °C to describe the composition of the pyrolysis gas and the condensate fraction. We found that condensate elemental composition was practically independent of pyrolysis temperature. On the other hand, the composition of the pyrolysis gas was strongly temperature-dependent regarding both the share of major components (H2, CO, CO2, CH4) and C2–C6 hydrocarbons speciation (which as a sum attributed to 7–9 vol. % of the gas). The increase in pyrolysis temperature also resulted in increasing the N2 content of the gas, whereas the sulfur containing gas compounds were substantially diluted in the increasing gas volume.
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Mei Z, Chen D, Zhang J, Yin L, Huang Z, Xin Q. Sewage sludge pyrolysis coupled with self-supplied steam reforming for high quality syngas production and the influence of initial moisture content. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 106:77-87. [PMID: 32199229 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A technology of sewage sludge (SS) pyrolysis coupled with self-supplied steam reforming of the volatile is developed to utilize the latent heat of the steam vapor released in the SS drying & pyrolysis process. An integrated reactor consisting of a vertical free-falling pyrolysis section and a horizontal screw-moved reforming section is designed for this purpose. The performance of the reactor shows that by changing the moving speed of the char in the reforming section, high quality syngas with an H2/CO ratio of 4.37 and a percentage of H2 + CO up to 66.58 vol% can be obtained at approximately 570-600 °C for the dry SS. There is an optimum moving speed of the screw for producing the highest volume of the syngas. A higher moving speed of the screw also results in a higher concentration of the aromatic compounds in the final pyrolysis oil. When the initial moisture content of SS increases from 0 to 65.50%, the H2/CO ratio and H2/CO2 ratio in the syngas increase from 4.37 to 30.87 and from 2.1 to 2.6 correspondingly, and the final oil yield decreases from 24.03 wt% to 14.16 wt%. Moreover, the total energy recovery efficiency decreases from 88.85% to 61.92%, while the energy portion of syngas shows a peak of 44.18% of the total energy input when the initial moisture content is 41.26%. The integrated reactor also provides a good opportunity for adding a catalyst such as dolomite to make the process more effective. The technology developed in this paper provides an approach to deal with SS with a relatively high moisture content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfei Mei
- Thermal and Environmental Engineering Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Dezhen Chen
- Thermal and Environmental Engineering Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Jixuan Zhang
- Thermal and Environmental Engineering Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lijie Yin
- Thermal and Environmental Engineering Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qianfan Xin
- Thermal and Environmental Engineering Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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30
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Wang Z, Shu X, Zhu H, Xie L, Cheng S, Zhang Y. Characteristics of biochars prepared by co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and cotton stalk intended for use as soil amendments. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:1347-1357. [PMID: 30300096 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1534891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The safe disposal and utilisation of sewage sludge can be challenging because of the potential environmental risks posed by heavy metals in the sludge. Conversion of sewage sludge and agriculture biomass into biochars that can be used to improve or remediate contaminated soils is a promising solution to this problem. In this study, biochars were produced via co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and cotton stalk (1:1, w/w) at temperatures ranging from 300°C to 600°C. Then, the potential environmental risks of heavy metals and properties of the biochars were investigated. The addition of cotton stalk promoted the migration and transformation of heavy metals from bioavailable to stable fractions, which significantly reduced the potential environmental risks of heavy metals in biochars. Moreover, compared with biochars obtained via pyrolysis of sewage sludge alone, the pH values, C contents, and adsorption capacities of biochars increased, while the yields, ash contents, specific surface areas and molar H/C ratios decreased. In summary, co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and cotton stalk is a feasible method for alleviating the potential environmental risks of heavy metals in biochars used to treat soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipu Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinqian Shu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Henan Zhu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Like Xie
- Experimental Testing institute of Petro China Xinjiang Oilfield Company, Karamay, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenhang Cheng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiu Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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31
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Zhang Y, Cui Y, Liu S, Fan L, Zhou N, Peng P, Wang Y, Guo F, Min M, Cheng Y, Liu Y, Lei H, Chen P, Li B, Ruan R. Fast microwave-assisted pyrolysis of wastes for biofuels production - A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 297:122480. [PMID: 31812912 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of waste suffers from the problem that the waste generally has low microwave absorptivity thereby resulting in low heating rate and low pyrolysis temperature. In this case, fast microwave-assisted pyrolysis is proposed and developed to help the pyrolysis of waste. This study describes two methods that can be used to realize fast microwave-assisted pyrolysis of waste: (1) premixed method (wastes are mixed with microwave absorbent) and (2) non-premixed method (wastes are poured onto the heated microwave absorbent bed). Then, biofuels (bio-oil, bio-gas, and bio-char) produced from fast microwave-assisted pyrolysis of wastes are reviewed. The review results show that the yields of bio-oil, bio-gas, and bio-char obtained from fast microwave-assisted pyrolysis of wastes varied significantly in the ranges of 2-96 wt%, 2.4-86.8 wt%, and 0.3-83.2 wt%, respectively. Although the present research focused mainly on the premixed method, non-premixed/continuous fast microwave-assisted pyrolysis is still promising and challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Zhang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Yunlei Cui
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Liangliang Fan
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing Road, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Peng Peng
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yunpu Wang
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing Road, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Feiqiang Guo
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Min Min
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yanling Cheng
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing Road, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Hanwu Lei
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Paul Chen
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Bingxi Li
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing Road, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330047, China.
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32
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Li H, Xu Q, Xiao K, Yang J, Liang S, Hu J, Hou H, Liu B. Predicting the higher heating value of syngas pyrolyzed from sewage sludge using an artificial neural network. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:785-797. [PMID: 31811605 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06885-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sludge pyrolysis is a complex process including complicated reaction chemistry, phase transition, and transportation phenomena. To better evaluate the use of syngas, the monitoring and prediction of a higher heating value (HHV) is necessary. This study developed an artificial neural network (ANN) model to predict the HHV of syngas, with the process variables (i.e., sludge type, catalyst type, catalyst amount, pyrolysis temperature, and moisture content) as the inputs. In the first step, through optimizing various sets of parameters, a three-layer network including 8 input neurons, 15 hidden neurons, and 1 output neuron was established. Then, in the second step, an ANN model has been successfully used to predict the HHV of syngas, with a fitting correlation coefficient of 0.97 and a root mean square error (MSE) value of 14.62. The relative influence of input variables showed that the pyrolysis temperature and moisture content were the determining factors that affected the HHV of syngas. The results of optimization experiments showed that when temperature was 895 °C and the moisture content was 45.63 wt%, the highest HHV can be obtained as 438.22 kcal/m3-N. Moreover, the ANN model showed a higher prediction accuracy than other models like multiple linear regression and principal component regression. The model developed in this work may be used to predict the HHV of syngas using conventional operational parameters measured from in situ experiments, thus further providing predictive information for the use of syngas as energy and fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsen Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Keke Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, People's Republic of China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiakuan Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, People's Republic of China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sha Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingping Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijie Hou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingchuan Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, People's Republic of China
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Lam SS, Wan Mahari WA, Ma NL, Azwar E, Kwon EE, Peng W, Chong CT, Liu Z, Park YK. Microwave pyrolysis valorization of used baby diaper. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 230:294-302. [PMID: 31108440 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Used baby diaper consists of a combination of decomposable cellulose, non-biodegradable plastic materials (e.g. polyolefins) and super-absorbent polymer materials, thus making it difficult to be sorted and separated for recycling. Microwave pyrolysis was examined for its potential as an approach to transform used baby diapers into value-added products. Influence of the key operating parameters comprising process temperature and microwave power were investigated. The pyrolysis showed a rapid heating process (up to 43 °C/min of heating rate) and quick reaction time (20-40 min) in valorizing the used diapers to generate pyrolysis products comprising up to 43 wt% production of liquid oil, 29 wt% gases and 28 wt% char product. Microwave power and operating temperature were observed to have impacts on the heating rate, process time, production and characteristics of the liquid oil and solid char. The liquid oil contained alkanes, alkenes and esters that can potentially be used as chemical additives, cosmetic products and fuel. The solid char contained high carbon, low nitrogen and free of sulphur, thus showing potential for use as adsorbents and soil additives. These observations demonstrate that microwave pyrolysis has great prospect in transforming used baby diaper into liquid oil and char products that can be utilised in several applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Shiung Lam
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, School of Ocean Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia; China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Lingang, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Wan Adibah Wan Mahari
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, School of Ocean Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nyuk Ling Ma
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Elfina Azwar
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, School of Ocean Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05005, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanxi Peng
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Cheng Tung Chong
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Lingang, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhenling Liu
- School of Management, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea.
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34
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Nguyen VT, Nguyen TB, Chen CW, Hung CM, Vo TDH, Chang JH, Dong CD. Influence of pyrolysis temperature on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons production and tetracycline adsorption behavior of biochar derived from spent coffee ground. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 284:197-203. [PMID: 30939381 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different pyrolysis temperatures on the formation of polycyclicaromatichydrocarbons (PAHs) in biochar originated spent coffee ground (SCG) and the tetracycline (TC) adsorption behavior of biochar in water. The results showed that biochar synthesized at 500 °C (SCG 500) contained low PAHs (600 µg kg-1) and the highest TC adsorption efficiency. In addition, the characteristics, influencing factors on TC adsorption, and the related mechanisms of SCG 500 were comprehensively investigated. The results showed that the highest efficiency was observed at pH of 7 and the presence of ions in salinity solution reduced the adsorption capacity of SCG 500. The electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding, and π-EDA were the major adsorption mechanisms. Safety PAHs level, low-cost, widely material sources and high TC removal capacity suggested that SCG 500 was a promising environmentally friendly effective absorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Truc Nguyen
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Thanh-Binh Nguyen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Chang-Mao Hung
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Thi-Dieu-Hien Vo
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Jih-Hsing Chang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 41349, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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35
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Hou Y, Qi S, You H, Huang Z, Niu Q. The study on pyrolysis of oil-based drilling cuttings by microwave and electric heating. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 228:312-318. [PMID: 30236884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the following questions were investigated: the proportion of mass loss, the mass fraction of oil, the structure, composition and ultimate analysis of solid residues and gas products. By comparing the treatment effect of using both microwave and electric as the source of heat to dispose the oil-based drilling cuttings (OBDC), the advantages of microwave heating treatment were demonstrated. Meanwhile, the composition of liquid products by microwave pyrolysis was analyzed. The results show that the microwave heating is better than electric heating and the former can promote the pyrolysis of petroleum hydrocarbons. The results of component analysis of the liquid products from OBDC by microwave pyrolysis show that C12∼C20 components pyrolyze at 500 °C. At the same time, a mass of C21∼C24 components volatilize. At the temperature above 500 °C, the thermal cracking reactions of >C25 components occur and a maximum content of paraffin in liquid products is obtained. As the temperature increases, the components obtained by pyrolysis become more and more complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China; State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Changping, 102206, Beijing, China.
| | - Shengdong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Haipeng You
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Zhaoqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Qingshan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
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36
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Yerrayya A, Suriapparao DV, Natarajan U, Vinu R. Selective production of phenols from lignin via microwave pyrolysis using different carbonaceous susceptors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 270:519-528. [PMID: 30248651 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With an objective to improve the yield and selectivity of phenols in pyrolysis bio-oil from lignin, this study investigates the effects of mass ratio of lignin-to-susceptor and different types of susceptors (activated carbons of different particle sizes, charcoal and graphite) in microwave pyrolysis. Pyrolysis was carried out in a batch microwave reactor, and the temperature profiles at different operating conditions were captured. Increasing the mass of susceptor with respect to lignin enhanced the bio-oil yield, and maximum yield of 66 wt% with >90% selectivity to phenols was obtained with 10 g lignin:90 g activated carbon. Moisture present in the susceptor is shown to control the pyrolysis severity and lead to better phenol yields. This was verified by the high yield of hydrogen gas formed due to the steam-assisted cracking of lignin. With highly porous activated carbon, 80% selectivity of phenol was obtained, albeit with a low yield of bio-oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attada Yerrayya
- Department of Chemical Engineering and National Centre for Combustion Research and Development, IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Dadi V Suriapparao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and National Centre for Combustion Research and Development, IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Upendra Natarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and National Centre for Combustion Research and Development, IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - R Vinu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and National Centre for Combustion Research and Development, IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
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37
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A Study of the Production and Combustion Characteristics of Pyrolytic Oil from Sewage Sludge Using the Taguchi Method. ENERGIES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/en11092260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sewage sludge is a common form of municipal solid waste, and can be utilized as a renewable energy source. This study examines the effects of different key operational parameters on sewage sludge pyrolysis process for pyrolytic oil production using the Taguchi method. The digested sewage sludge was provided by the urban wastewater treatment plant of Tainan, Taiwan. The experimental results indicate that the maximum pyrolytic oil yield, 10.19% (18.4% on dry ash free (daf) basis) by weight achieved, is obtained under the operation conditions of 450 °C pyrolytic temperature, residence time of 60 min, 10 °C/min heating rate, and 700 mL/min nitrogen flow rate. According to the experimental results, the order of sensitivity of the parameters that affect the yield of sludge pyrolytic oil is the nitrogen flow rate, pyrolytic temperature, heating rate and residence time. The pyrolysis and oxidation reactions of sludge pyrolytic oil are also investigated using thermogravimetric analysis. The combustion performance parameters, such as the ignition temperature, burnout temperature, flammability index and combustion characteristics index are calculated and compared with those of heavy fuel oil. For the blend of sludge pyrolytic oil with heavy fuel oil, a synergistic effect occurs and the results show that sludge pyrolytic oil significantly enhances the ignition and combustion of heavy fuel oil.
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38
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Karaca C, Sözen S, Orhon D, Okutan H. High temperature pyrolysis of sewage sludge as a sustainable process for energy recovery. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 78:217-226. [PMID: 32559907 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the potential of high temperature pyrolysis for energy recovery from domestic sewage. It mainly defines optimum operating conditions to maximize syngas generation. A pyrolysis unit was operated in batch mode, at temperatures of 450, 600 and 850 °C, rotation speeds of 10, 40 and 60 Hz. The sludge had 6% moisture content; it contained 65% organic matter and involved a low calorific value of 13.535 kJ/kg dry matter. Pyrolysis at 850 °C and high rotation speed of 60 Hz yielded the highest conversion of sludge to syngas, with an average of 59% of the organic matter as syngas, 29% as tar and 12% as biochar. Pyrolysis enabled 74% of the energy recovery as syngas and tar. Continuous full-scale pyrolysis systems would further increase the syngas by recovering condensable gaseous products and/or recycling tar back into the pyrolysis unit. A unified approach for energy recovery management should equally consider what fraction of the energy contained in the wastewater was consumed and wasted before generating the sludge. Therefore, the adopted management scheme should also cover all design and operation parameters of the treatment plant, because this is how the energy is best conserved even before the sludge is generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Karaca
- ENVIS Energy and Environmental Systems R&D Ltd, ITU Arı Teknokent, Arı-1 Building No. 16, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Sözen
- ENVIS Energy and Environmental Systems R&D Ltd, ITU Arı Teknokent, Arı-1 Building No. 16, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey; Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - D Orhon
- ENVIS Energy and Environmental Systems R&D Ltd, ITU Arı Teknokent, Arı-1 Building No. 16, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey; Civil Engineering Department, Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus
| | - H Okutan
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Chemical Engineering Processing Department, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
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39
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Zhang J, Tian Y, Yin L, Zhang J, Drewes JE. Insight into the effects of biochar as adsorbent and microwave receptor from one-step microwave pyrolysis of sewage sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:18424-18433. [PMID: 29696539 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2028-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of biochar, derived from one-step microwave pyrolysis of sewage sludge (OMPSS), on the removal of industrial wastewater (eosin and safranine T) was investigated in this study. Meanwhile, the multiple-reuse potential of biochar as microwave receptor to raise the pyrolysis temperature was also tested during the pyrolysis process. The results showed that OMPSS prepared adsorbents had excellent adsorption performance, achieving the highest removal efficiencies of 97.3 and 95.9% for eosin and safranine T, respectively. Further analysis indicated that this was due to its appropriate porous structure and surface chemistry characteristics, where the SBET and pore volume of adsorbent AC-1 reached 459 m2/g and 0.23 cm3/g, respectively. The multiple reuses of biochar adsorbents after five times as microwave receptor was feasible, where the pyrolysis temperature could increase sharply from room temperature to 800 °C within 5 min. The mechanism analysis revealed that the limiting stage of adsorption was chemical sorption. This research provided an alternative way for the preparation of functional adsorbent and microwave receptor. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Linlin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jörg E Drewes
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
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40
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Sun S, Huang X, Lin J, Ma R, Fang L, Zhang P, Qu J, Zhang X, Liu Y. Study on the effects of catalysts on the immobilization efficiency and mechanism of heavy metals during the microwave pyrolysis of sludge. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 77:131-139. [PMID: 30008402 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to enhance the immobilization of heavy metals in the bio-char during microwave pyrolysis, the immobilization efficiency and mechanism of heavy metals in the microwave pyrolysis of sludge with different alkaline catalysts were explored. Results showed that the leaching concentrations of heavy metals reduced greatly after pyrolysis, which were lower when catalyzed by CaO than those of Fe2O3. CaO was more favorable for the immobilization of Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb and Ni while Fe2O3 was more favorable for Cd. Different species distributions of heavy metals in the bio-char affected the leaching concentrations. Adding catalyst could significantly reduce the ecological risks of heavy metals in the bio-char, and CaO (RI = 15.17-20.43) had a better performance than Fe2O3 (RI = 16.88-21.79). When catalyzed by CaO, the formation of pores and co-crystal compounds in the bio-char determined the immobilization efficiencies of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichang Sun
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaofei Huang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Junhao Lin
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Rui Ma
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Lin Fang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; College of Civil and Enviromental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Peixin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xianghua Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Laboratory of Glasses and Ceramics, Institute of Chemical Science, University of Rennes 1, Rennes 35042, France
| | - Yilin Liu
- Shenzhen Foreign Languages School, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Fang S, Gu W, Chen L, Yu Z, Dai M, Lin Y, Liao Y, Ma X. Ultrasonic pretreatment effects on the co-pyrolysis of municipal solid waste and paper sludge through orthogonal test. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 258:5-11. [PMID: 29518689 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.02.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the influences of ultrasonic pretreatment factors (frequency, power, treatment time) on blends of municipal solid waste (MSW) and paper sludge (PS) with additive (MgO) was explored, through orthogonal experiments design. The optimum operating condition wanted to be acquired. However, for the ultimate (H/C) and ash analysis after pretreatment, solid residue mass and oxygenates compounds contents in products, the influences of factors were in different results. With adding PS unceasingly, the contents of hydrocarbon compounds decreased. And the ultrasonic pretreatment had the obvious influence with high PS percentage. Longer treatment time resulted to the lower content of oxygenates compounds. After adding MgO, the residue mass reduced, which meant MgO had the catalytic action, and the oxygenates compounds content reduced only with 100 kHz, which had the sonochemical effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Fang
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenlu Gu
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaosheng Yu
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Minquan Dai
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Lin
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanfen Liao
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China
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42
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Yu G, Chen D, Arena U, Huang Z, Dai X. Reforming sewage sludge pyrolysis volatile with Fe-embedded char: Minimization of liquid product yield. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 73:464-475. [PMID: 28803146 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining high quality syngas from sewage sludge (SS) means transferring a low-grade SS into a high-grade fuel or raw materials for chemical products. In this study, Fe is added to SS in form of Fe2(SO4)3 to produce an effective and self-sufficient catalyst in order to obtain more syngas and minimize liquid products from SS pyrolysis. The Fe-embedded sewage sludge chars (SSCs) were used as catalysts for volatile reforming at 600°C. It has been found that the gas yield increases from 15.9 to 35.8wt% of the SS and that of liquids decreases from 31.9 to 10.2wt% after volatile reforming with Fe-embedded SSC when Fe was added equal to 7 % in the dried SS. In addition, the content of nitrogen-containing compounds in the oily products decreased. After reforming with Fe-embedded SSC, the molar fractions of syngas combustible components, including H2, CH4 and CO, increase, and the higher heating value of the syngas increased to 17.0MJ/Nm3 from the original 12.5MJ/Nm3 obtained from SS pyrolysis at 550°C. Moreover, the volatile reforming seems to reduce the level of some important syngas pollutants, like H2S, HCl and HCN, even though it was also observed an increase of the contents of SO2, NH3, NO2, HCNO and N2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guotao Yu
- Thermal and Environmental Engineering Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Dezhen Chen
- Thermal and Environmental Engineering Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Umberto Arena
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania"Luigi Vanvitelli", Via A. Vivaldi, 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Zhen Huang
- Thermal and Environmental Engineering Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Yang J, Song J, Liang S, Guan R, Shi Y, Yu W, Zhu S, Fan W, Hou H, Hu J, Deng H, Xiao B. Synergistic effect of water content and composite conditioner of Fenton's reagent combined with red mud on the enhanced hydrogen production from sludge pyrolysis. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 123:378-387. [PMID: 28686940 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the synergistic effect of water content and a composite conditioner of Fenton's reagent combined with red mud (Fenton-RM) on the pyrolytic products (fuel gas, tar, and solid char) of deep-dewatered sludge. The catalytic effect of metal oxides in Fenton-RM could be promoted by the presence of water during sludge pyrolysis, showing higher gas yield with increased water content. Maximum gas outputs of the deep-dewatered sludge conditioned with Fenton-RM (S-Fenton-RM) and the conventional dewatered sludge conditioned with polyacrylamide (S-PAM), both appeared at 900 °C with a water content of 65 wt%, and were 0.257 and 0.189 L/g dry solid (DS), respectively. At the same temperature and with the same water content, the hydrogen (H2) yields of the S-Fenton-RM samples were always higher than those of the S-PAM samples. At 900 °C, the maximum H2 yield of the S-Fenton-RM samples was 0.102 L/g DS, which was 85.5% higher than that of the S-PAM samples. The results indicated that water in the wet sludge provided the steam atmosphere for pyrolysis, and the water vapor then involved in secondary cracking reformation of tar and char gasification reactions, which would be catalyzed by the presence of metal oxides in the Fenton-RM conditioner, thus increasing the yield of fuel gas, especially hydrogen. The H2 production cost from the S-Fenton-RM system is less than that from the S-PAM system. The results suggest that pyrolysis of the wet deep-dewatered sludge conditioned with Fenton-RM is an economical and promising alternative for sewage sludge dewatering and disposal/reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakuan Yang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China
| | - Jian Song
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China
| | - Sha Liang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China.
| | - Ruonan Guan
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China
| | - Yafei Shi
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China
| | - Wenbo Yu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China
| | - Suiyi Zhu
- Jilin Engineering Research Centre for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, PR China
| | - Wei Fan
- Jilin Engineering Research Centre for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, PR China
| | - Huijie Hou
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China
| | - Jingping Hu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China
| | - Huali Deng
- Dongjiang Environment, Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, PR China
| | - Bo Xiao
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China
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Jin Z, Chang F, Meng F, Wang C, Meng Y, Liu X, Wu J, Zuo J, Wang K. Sustainable pyrolytic sludge-char preparation on improvement of closed-loop sewage sludge treatment: Characterization and combined in-situ application. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 184:1043-1053. [PMID: 28662548 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aiming at closed-loop sustainable sewage sludge treatment, an optimal and economical pyrolytic temperature was found at 400-450 °C considering its pyrolysis efficiency of 65%, fast cracking of hydrocarbons, proteins and lipids and development of aromatized porous structure. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests demonstrated the development of adsorptive functional groups and crystallographic phases of adsorptive minerals. The optimal sludge-char, with a medium specific surface area of 39.6 m2 g-1 and an iodine number of 327 mgI2 g-1, performed low heavy metals lixiviation. The application of sludge-char in raw sewage could remove 30% of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), along with an acetic acid adsorption capacity of 18.0 mg g-1. The developed mesopore and/or macropore structures, containing rich acidic and basic functional groups, led to good biofilm matrices for enhanced microbial activities and improved autotrophic nitrification in anoxic stage of an A/O reactor through adsorbed extra carbon source, and hence achieved the total nitrogen (TN) removal up to 50.3%. It is demonstrated that the closed-loop sewage sludge treatment that incorporates pyrolytic sludge-char into in-situ biological sewage treatment can be a promising sustainable strategy by further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Jin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
| | - Fengmin Chang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
| | - Fanlin Meng
- Centre for Water Systems, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK.
| | - Cuiping Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
| | - Yao Meng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
| | - Xiaoji Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
| | - Jiane Zuo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
| | - Kaijun Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
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Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Production from Gasification and Pyrolysis of Solar Dried Sewage Sludge: Experimental and Modeling Investigations. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7831470. [PMID: 28856162 PMCID: PMC5569640 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7831470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Solar dried sewage sludge (SS) conversion by pyrolysis and gasification processes has been performed, separately, using two laboratory-scale reactors, a fixed-bed pyrolyzer and a downdraft gasifier, to produce mainly hydrogen-rich syngas. Prior to SS conversion, solar drying has been conducted in order to reduce moisture content (up to 10%). SS characterization reveals that these biosolids could be appropriate materials for gaseous products production. The released gases from SS pyrolysis and gasification present relatively high heating values (up to 9.96 MJ/kg for pyrolysis and 8.02 9.96 MJ/kg for gasification) due to their high contents of H2 (up to 11 and 7 wt%, resp.) and CH4 (up to 17 and 5 wt%, resp.). The yields of combustible gases (H2 and CH4) show further increase with pyrolysis. Stoichiometric models of both pyrolysis and gasification reactions were determined based on the global biomass formula, CαHβOγNδSε, in order to assist in the products yields optimization.
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46
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Ma R, Huang X, Zhou Y, Fang L, Sun S, Zhang P, Zhang X, Zhao X. The effects of catalysts on the conversion of organic matter and bio-fuel production in the microwave pyrolysis of sludge at different temperatures. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 238:616-623. [PMID: 28486194 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Adding catalyst could improve the yields and qualities of bio-gas and bio-oil, and realize the oriented production. Results showed that the catalytic gas-production capacities of CaO were higher than those of Fe2O3, and the bio-gas yield at 800°C reached a maximum of 35.1%. Because the polar cracking active sites of CaO reduced the activation energy of the pyrolysis reaction and resulted in high catalytic cracking efficiencies. In addition, the quality of bio-oil produced by CaO was superior to that by Fe2O3, although the bio-oil yield of CaO was relatively weak. The light bio-fuel oriented catalytic pyrolysis could be realized when adding different catalysts. At 800°C, CaO was 45% higher than Fe2O3 in aspect of H2 production while Fe2O3 was 103% higher than CaO in aspect of CH4 production. Therefore, CaO was more suitable for H2 production and Fe2O3 was more suitable for CH4 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaofei Huang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Lin Fang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Shichang Sun
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Peixin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xianghua Zhang
- College of Physics and Energy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Laboratory of Glasses and Ceramics, Institute of Chemical Science, University of Rennes 1, Rennes 35042, France
| | - Xuxin Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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47
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Ma R, Yuan N, Sun S, Zhang P, Fang L, Zhang X, Zhao X. Preliminary investigation of the microwave pyrolysis mechanism of sludge based on high frequency structure simulator simulation of the electromagnetic field distribution. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 234:370-379. [PMID: 28343056 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Under microwave irradiation, raw sludge was pyrolyzed mainly by evaporation of water, with a weight loss ratio of 84.8% and a maximum temperature not exceeding 200°C. High-temperature pyrolysis of SiC sludge could be realized, with a weight loss ratio of 93.4% and a final pyrolysis temperature of 1131.7°C. Variations between the electric field intensity distribution are the main reason for the differences of pyrolysis efficiencies. HFSS simulation showed that the electric field intensity of the raw sludge gradually decreased from 2.94×104V/m to 0.88×104V/m when pyrolysis ends, while that of SiC sludge decreased from 3.73×104V/m at the beginning to 1.28×104V/m, then increased to 4.03×104V/m. The electromagnetic effect is the main factor (r≥0.91) influencing the temperature increase and weight loss of raw sludge. Both the electromagnetic effect and heat conduction effect influenced temperature rise and weight loss of SiC sludge, but the former's influence was comparatively larger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Nana Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shichang Sun
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Peixin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Lin Fang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Xianghua Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Laboratory of Glasses and Ceramics, Institute of Chemical Science, University of Rennes 1, Rennes 35042, France
| | - Xuxin Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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48
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Schwede S, Bruchmann F, Thorin E, Gerber M. Biological Syngas Methanation via Immobilized Methanogenic Archaea on Biochar. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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49
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Lin KH, Lai N, Zeng JY, Chiang HL. Temperature influence on product distribution and characteristics of derived residue and oil in wet sludge pyrolysis using microwave heating. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 584-585:1248-1255. [PMID: 28189304 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sludge taken from a wastewater treatment plant of the petrochemical industry was dewatered and pyrolyzed to produce liquid oil as an alternative fuel via microwave heating. Element contents of dried sludge were 45.9±3.85wt.% carbon, 7.70±1.43wt.% hydrogen, 4.30±0.77wt.% nitrogen and 3.89±0.52wt.% sulfur. Two major thermal degradation peaks of sludge were determined during the microwave pyrolysis process, one at 325-498K (most of the water was vaporized, and the weight loss was over 85wt.%) and the other at 548-898K for sludge constituent decomposition. Zn content was high in the dried raw material and residues. Other toxic elements such as Ni, Cr, Pb, As and Cd contents were 0.61-0.99, 0.18-0.46, 0.15-0.25, 0.018-0.034, and 0.006-0.017mg/g, respectively. About 14-20wt.% of oil was produced based on the dried sludge cake, and the oil major elements were C (69-72wt.%), H (5.7-6.7wt.%), N (1.9-2.2wt.%), and S (0.58-0.82wt.%). The heat values of liquid oils were 8700-9200kcal/kg at 400-800°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsiung Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Instrument Department Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Health Risk Management, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Nina Lai
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Instrument Department Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Health Risk Management, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Yan Zeng
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Instrument Department Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Health Risk Management, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Lung Chiang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Instrument Department Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Health Risk Management, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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50
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Zhang Y, Chen P, Liu S, Peng P, Min M, Cheng Y, Anderson E, Zhou N, Fan L, Liu C, Chen G, Liu Y, Lei H, Li B, Ruan R. Effects of feedstock characteristics on microwave-assisted pyrolysis - A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 230:143-151. [PMID: 28161187 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Microwave-assisted pyrolysis is an important approach to obtain bio-oil from biomass. Similar to conventional electrical heating pyrolysis, microwave-assisted pyrolysis is significantly affected by feedstock characteristics. However, microwave heating has its unique features which strongly depend on the physical and chemical properties of biomass feedstock. In this review, the relationships among heating, bio-oil yield, and feedstock particle size, moisture content, inorganics, and organics in microwave-assisted pyrolysis are discussed and compared with those in conventional electrical heating pyrolysis. The quantitative analysis of data reported in the literature showed a strong contrast between the conventional processes and microwave based processes. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis is a relatively new process with limited research compared with conventional electrical heating pyrolysis. The lack of understanding of some observed results warrant more and in-depth fundamental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Zhang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China; Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Paul Chen
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Peng Peng
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Min Min
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yanling Cheng
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Erik Anderson
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Nan Zhou
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Liangliang Fan
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing Road, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Chenghui Liu
- Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Guo Chen
- Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing Road, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Hanwu Lei
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Bingxi Li
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing Road, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330047, China.
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