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Behrendt T, Quisilima JI, Bielitzki R, Behrens M, Glazachev OS, Brigadski T, Leßmann V, Schega L. Brain-Derived neurotrophic factor and inflammatory biomarkers are unaffected by acute and chronic intermittent hypoxic-hyperoxic exposure in geriatric patients: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Med 2024; 56:2304650. [PMID: 38253008 PMCID: PMC10810628 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2304650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal and human studies have shown that exposure to hypoxia can increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein transcription and reduce systematic inflammatory cytokine response. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the acute and chronic effects of intermittent hypoxic-hyperoxic exposure (IHHE) prior to aerobic exercise on BDNF, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) blood levels in geriatric patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-five geriatric patients (83.1 ± 5.0 yrs, 71.1 ± 10.0 kg, 1.8 ± 0.9 m) participated in a placebo-controlled, single-blinded trial and were randomly assigned to either an intervention (IG) or control group (CG) performing an aerobic cycling training (17 sessions, 20 min·session-1, 3 sessions·week-1). Prior to aerobic cycling exercise, the IG was additionally exposed to IHHE for 30 min, whereas the CG received continuous normoxic air. Blood samples were taken immediately before (pre-exercise) and 10 min (post-exercise) after the first session as well as 48 h (post-training) after the last session to determine serum (BDNFS) and plasma BDNF (BDNFP), IL-6, and CRP levels. Intervention effects were analyzed using a 2 x 2 analysis of covariance with repeated measures. Results were interpreted based on effect sizes with a medium effect considered as meaningful (ηp2 ≥ 0.06, d ≥ 0.5). RESULTS CRP was moderately higher (d = 0.51) in the CG compared to the IG at baseline. IHHE had no acute effect on BDNFS (ηp2 = 0.01), BDNFP (ηp2 < 0.01), BDNF serum/plasma-ratio (ηp2 < 0.01), IL-6 (ηp2 < 0.01), or CRP (ηp2 = 0.04). After the 6-week intervention, an interaction was found for BDNF serum/plasma-ratio (ηp2 = 0.06) but not for BDNFS (ηp2 = 0.04), BDNFP (ηp2 < 0.01), IL-6 (ηp2 < 0.01), or CRP (ηp2 < 0.01). BDNF serum/plasma-ratio increased from pre-exercise to post-training (d = 0.67) in the CG compared to the IG (d = 0.51). A main effect of time was found for BDNFP (ηp2 = 0.09) but not for BDNFS (ηp2 = 0.02). Within-group post-hoc analyses revealed a training-related reduction in BDNFP in the IG and CG by 46.1% (d = 0.73) and 24.7% (d = 0.57), respectively. CONCLUSION The addition of 30 min IHHE prior to 20 min aerobic cycling seems not to be effective to increase BDNFS and BDNFP or to reduce IL-6 and CRP levels in geriatric patients after a 6-week intervention.The study was retrospectively registered at drks.de (DRKS-ID: DRKS00025130).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Behrendt
- Department of Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Ibanez Quisilima
- Department of Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Robert Bielitzki
- Department of Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Behrens
- University of Applied Sciences for Sport and Management Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Oleg S. Glazachev
- Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tanja Brigadski
- Department of Informatics and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Volkmar Leßmann
- Institute of Physiology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Schega
- Department of Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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Boulares A, Pichon A, Faucher C, Bragazzi NL, Dupuy O. Effects of Intermittent Hypoxia Protocols on Cognitive Performance and Brain Health in Older Adults Across Cognitive States: A Systematic Literature Review. J Alzheimers Dis 2024:JAD240711. [PMID: 39093075 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Background The rise in the aging population highlights the need to address cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. Intermittent hypoxia (IH) protocols show promise in enhancing cognitive abilities and brain health. Objective This review evaluates IH protocols' benefits on cognition and brain health in older adults, regardless of cognitive status. Methods A systematic search following PRISMA guidelines was conducted across four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) and two registers, covering records from inception to May 2024 (PROSPERO: CRD42023462177). Inclusion criteria were: 1) original research with quantitative details; 2) studies involving older adults, with or without cognitive impairment; 3) studies including IH protocols; 4) articles analyzing cognition and brain health in older adults. Results Seven studies and five registered trials met the criteria. Findings indicate that Intermittent Hypoxia Training (IHT) and Intermittent Hypoxia-Hyperoxia Training (IHHT) improved cognitive functions and brain health. Intermittent Hypoxic Exposure (IHE) improved cerebral tissue oxygen saturation, middle cerebral arterial flow velocity, and cerebral vascular conductance, particularly in cognitively impaired populations. IHT and IHHT had no significant effect on BDNF levels. There is a lack of studies on IHHE in older adults with and without cognitive impairment. Conclusions IH protocols may benefit cognition regardless of cognitive status. IHT and IHE positively affect cerebral outcomes, with all protocols having limited effects on BDNF levels. Future research should standardize IH protocols, investigate long-term cognitive effects, and explore neuroprotective biomarkers. Combining these protocols with physical exercise across diverse populations could refine interventions and guide targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Boulares
- Laboratory Mobility, Aging & Exercise-ER20296 (MOVE), University of Poitiers, Faculty of Sport Sciences-STAPS, Poitiers, France
| | - Aurélien Pichon
- Laboratory Mobility, Aging & Exercise-ER20296 (MOVE), University of Poitiers, Faculty of Sport Sciences-STAPS, Poitiers, France
| | - Corentin Faucher
- Laboratory Mobility, Aging & Exercise-ER20296 (MOVE), University of Poitiers, Faculty of Sport Sciences-STAPS, Poitiers, France
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Human Nutrition Unit (HNU), Department of Food and Drugs, Medical School, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Chair, Health Anthropology Biosphere and Healing Systems, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Olivier Dupuy
- Laboratory Mobility, Aging & Exercise-ER20296 (MOVE), University of Poitiers, Faculty of Sport Sciences-STAPS, Poitiers, France
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences (EKSAP), Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Youssef L, Harroum N, Francisco BA, Johnson L, Arvisais D, Pageaux B, Romain AJ, Hayward KS, Neva JL. Neurophysiological effects of acute aerobic exercise in young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 164:105811. [PMID: 39025386 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Evidence continues to accumulate that acute aerobic exercise (AAE) impacts neurophysiological excitability as measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Yet, uncertainty exists about which TMS measures are modulated after AAE in young adults. The influence of AAE intensity and duration of effects are also uncertain. This pre-registered meta-analysis (CRD42017065673) addressed these uncertainties by synthesizing data from 23 studies (including 474 participants) published until February 2024. Meta-analysis was run using a random-effects model and Hedge's g used as effect size. Our results demonstrated a decrease in short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) following AAE (g = 0.27; 95 % CI [0.16-0.38]; p <.0001), particularly for moderate (g = 0.18; 95 % CI [0.05-0.31]; p <.01) and high (g = 0.49; 95 % CI [0.27-0.71]; p <.0001) AAE intensities. These effects remained for 30 minutes after AAE. Additionally, increased corticospinal excitability was only observed for high intensity AAE (g = 0.28; 95 % CI, [0.07-0.48]; p <.01). Our results suggest potential mechanisms for inducing a more susceptible neuroplastic environment following AAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layale Youssef
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique (EKSAP), Faculté de médecine, Université́ de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l'apprentissage (CIRCA), Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Nesrine Harroum
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique (EKSAP), Faculté de médecine, Université́ de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l'apprentissage (CIRCA), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Beatrice A Francisco
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Liam Johnson
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Denis Arvisais
- Direction des bibliothèques, Bibliothèques des sciences de la santé, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Benjamin Pageaux
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique (EKSAP), Faculté de médecine, Université́ de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l'apprentissage (CIRCA), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ahmed Jérôme Romain
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique (EKSAP), Faculté de médecine, Université́ de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Research Center of the University Institute of Mental Health of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kathryn S Hayward
- Departments of Physiotherapy and Medicine (RMH), University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason L Neva
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique (EKSAP), Faculté de médecine, Université́ de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l'apprentissage (CIRCA), Montreal, QC, Canada
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Rißmayer M, Kambeitz J, Javelle F, Lichtenstein TK. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Exercise Interventions for Psychotic Disorders: The Impact of Exercise Intensity, Mindfulness Components, and Other Moderators on Symptoms, Functioning, and Cardiometabolic Health. Schizophr Bull 2024; 50:615-630. [PMID: 38394386 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Exercise therapy has been shown to be an effective complementary treatment for patients with psychotic disorders. However, the specific impacts of different training modalities remain poorly understood. This article aims to quantitatively review the moderating influence of different exercise modalities, hypothesizing that higher exercise intensity as well as utilization of mindfulness-based exercise (MBE) components, will improve intervention outcomes. STUDY DESIGN PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO were searched from 2010 to March 2022 for randomized controlled trials investigating exercise interventions in patients with psychotic disorders (preregistration: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/J8QNS). Outcomes considered were positive/negative symptoms, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) General Psychopathology/Total scores, depressive symptoms, psychosocial functioning, quality of life, cardiorespiratory fitness, and body mass index. Separate meta-analyses, including moderator analyses, were performed to evaluate the moderating influence of different training modalities. STUDY RESULTS Of 6653 studies, 40 (n = 2111 patients) were included in the meta-analysis. The effects of moderate-intensity exercise exceed low-intensity approaches for PANSS Total scores (P = .02) and depressive symptoms (P = .04). The presence of MBE components was associated with improvements in positive symptoms (P = .04) and PANSS General Psychopathology subscores (P = .04) but also with higher error and between-study heterogeneity. Our analysis also shows improved intervention effects on depression in younger patients (P = .012) and improved psychosocial functioning scores following more frequent sessions (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS A minimum of moderate intensity should be considered. More frequent training sessions per week also seem to be beneficial. While adding mindfulness elements is promising, it increases heterogeneity and requires caution in terms of generalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Rißmayer
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, NeuroPsychoImmunology Research Unit, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Joseph Kambeitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Javelle
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, NeuroPsychoImmunology Research Unit, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Theresa Katharina Lichtenstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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He WL, Chang FX, Wang T, Sun BX, Chen RR, Zhao LP. Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and its association with cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297785. [PMID: 38648255 PMCID: PMC11034647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with healthy controls (HC) and evaluate the BDNF levels in T2DM patients with/without cognitive impairment. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched for the published English literature on BDNF in T2DM patients from inception to December 2022. The BDNF data in the T2DM and HC groups were extracted, and the study quality was evaluated using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. A meta-analysis of the pooled data was conducted using Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 12.0 software. RESULTS A total of 18 English articles fulfilled with inclusion criteria. The standard mean difference of the serum BDNF level was significantly lower in T2DM than that in the HC group (SMD: -2.04, z = 11.19, P <0.001). Besides, T2DM cognitive impairment group had a slightly lower serum BDNF level compared to the non-cognitive impairment group (SMD: -2.59, z = 1.87, P = 0.06). CONCLUSION BDNF might be involved in the neuropathophysiology of cerebral damage in T2DM, especially cognitive impairment in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-li He
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child Care Hospital (Gansu Provincial Central Hospital), Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Fei-xia Chang
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child Care Hospital (Gansu Provincial Central Hospital), Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child Care Hospital (Gansu Provincial Central Hospital), Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Bi-xia Sun
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child Care Hospital (Gansu Provincial Central Hospital), Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Rui-rong Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lian-ping Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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6
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Campanella M, Cardinali L, Ferrari D, Migliaccio S, Silvestri F, Falcioni L, Bimonte V, Curzi D, Bertollo M, Bovolon L, Gallotta M, Guidetti L, Baldari C, Bonavolontà V. Effects of Fitlight training on cognitive-motor performance in élite judo athletes. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28712. [PMID: 38689957 PMCID: PMC11059503 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims The aims of this study were to verify if a 5-week cognitive-motor training (CMT) using FitlightsTM induced changes in young adult judo athletes compared to a non-intervention group. Specifically, it was verified if CMT influenced executive functions (EFs), physical fitness and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. Additionally, athletes' competitive results were compared between groups. Method Twenty-seven athletes (14 males and 13 females; age = 19.5 ± 2.0 years) were assigned to the Fitlight (FG) and control (CG) groups which performed 5 weeks of CMT, respectively, including 25 min per day of Fitlight training or traditional judo practice. All participants performed cognitive (flanker task and forward/backward digit span) and fitness tests (counter movement jump, handgrip test, dynamic and isometric chin up). In addition, BDNF was collected by saliva sampling and competitive results after the intervention period were considered. Results RM-ANOVA showed significant differences in FG for the accuracy of flanker (p = 0.028) and backward digit span (p < 0.001). Moreover, significant differences in FG were found for relative dynamic chin up (p = 0.027) and counter movement jump (p = 0.05). In addition, a significant difference in FG was found for competitive results after the intervention period (p < 0.01).No significant differences were found for BDNF and other cognitive and fitness measures (p > 0.05). Conclusion A 5-week judo-specific CMT improved EFs and motor performance in élite judo athletes. It seems that CMT with Fitlight™ could be considered an additional support to coaches during the training period.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Campanella
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, Novedrate, Italy
| | - L. Cardinali
- Bone Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - D. Ferrari
- Department of Human Sciences, LinkCampus University, Rome, Italy
| | - S. Migliaccio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University Foro Italico, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | | | - L. Falcioni
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, United States
| | - V.M. Bimonte
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - D. Curzi
- Niccolò Cusano University, Rome, Italy
| | - M. Bertollo
- BIND-Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - L. Bovolon
- Department of Psychological, Humanistic and Territorial Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - M.C. Gallotta
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | | | - C. Baldari
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, Novedrate, Italy
| | - V. Bonavolontà
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
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Tsimpolis A, Kalafatakis K, Charalampopoulos I. Recent advances in the crosstalk between the brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glucocorticoids. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1362573. [PMID: 38645426 PMCID: PMC11027069 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1362573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a key neurotrophin within the brain, by selectively activating the TrkB receptor, exerts multimodal effects on neurodevelopment, synaptic plasticity, cellular integrity and neural network dynamics. In parallel, glucocorticoids (GCs), vital steroid hormones, which are secreted by adrenal glands and rapidly diffused across the mammalian body (including the brain), activate two different groups of intracellular receptors, the mineralocorticoid and the glucocorticoid receptors, modulating a wide range of genomic, epigenomic and postgenomic events, also expressed in the neural tissue and implicated in neurodevelopment, synaptic plasticity, cellular homeostasis, cognitive and emotional processing. Recent research evidences indicate that these two major regulatory systems interact at various levels: they share common intracellular downstream pathways, GCs differentially regulate BDNF expression, under certain conditions BDNF antagonises the GC-induced effects on long-term potentiation, neuritic outgrowth and cellular death, while GCs regulate the intraneuronal transportation and the lysosomal degradation of BDNF. Currently, the BDNF-GC crosstalk features have been mainly studied in neurons, although initial findings show that this crosstalk could be equally important for other brain cell types, such as astrocytes. Elucidating the precise neurobiological significance of BDNF-GC interactions in a tempospatial manner, is crucial for understanding the subtleties of brain function and dysfunction, with implications for neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases, mood disorders and cognitive enhancement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Tsimpolis
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (IMBB-FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kalafatakis
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Malta Campus), Queen Mary University of London, Victoria, Malta
| | - Ioannis Charalampopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (IMBB-FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
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Balbim GM, Boa Sorte Silva NC, Ten Brinke L, Falck RS, Hortobágyi T, Granacher U, Erickson KI, Hernández-Gamboa R, Liu-Ambrose T. Aerobic exercise training effects on hippocampal volume in healthy older individuals: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. GeroScience 2024; 46:2755-2764. [PMID: 37943486 PMCID: PMC10828456 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00971-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of aerobic exercise training (AET) lasting ≥ 4 weeks on hippocampal volume and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in cognitively unimpaired, healthy older individuals. Random-effects robust variance estimation models were used to test differences between AET and controls, while meta-regressions tested associations between CRF and hippocampal volume changes. We included eight studies (N = 554) delivering fully supervised AET for 3 to 12 months (M = 7.8, SD = 4.5) with an average AET volume of 129.85 min/week (SD = 45.5) at moderate-to-vigorous intensity. There were no significant effects of AET on hippocampal volume (SMD = 0.10, 95% CI - 0.01 to 0.21, p = 0.073), but AET moderately improved CRF (SMD = 0.30, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.48, p = 0.005). Improvement in CRF was not associated with changes in hippocampal volume (bSE = 0.05, SE = 0.51, p = 0.923). From the limited number of studies, AET does not seem to impact hippocampal volume in cognitively unimpaired, healthy older individuals. Notable methodological limitations across investigations might mask the lack of effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Moraes Balbim
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for Aging SMART at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nárlon Cássio Boa Sorte Silva
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for Aging SMART at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lisanne Ten Brinke
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for Aging SMART at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ryan S Falck
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for Aging SMART at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Kinesiology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Sport Biology, Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Neurology, Somogy County Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Urs Granacher
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, Exercise and Human Movement Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- AdventHealth Research Institute, Neuroscience, Orlando, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Rebeca Hernández-Gamboa
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for Aging SMART at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Teresa Liu-Ambrose
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
- Centre for Aging SMART at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.
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9
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Wang X, Liu T, Jin X, Zhou C. Aerobic exercise promotes emotion regulation: a narrative review. Exp Brain Res 2024:10.1007/s00221-024-06791-1. [PMID: 38400992 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-024-06791-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Aerobic exercise improves the three stages of emotion regulation: perception, valuation and action. It reduces the perception of negative emotions, encourages individuals to reinterpret emotional situations in a positive or non-emotional manner, and enhances control over emotion expression behaviours. These effects are generated via increased prefrontal cortex activation, the strengthening of functional connections between the amygdala and several other brain regions, and the enhancement of the plasticity of key emotion regulation pathways and nodes, such as the uncinate fasciculus. The effect of aerobic exercise on emotion regulation is influenced by the exercise intensity and duration, and by individuals' exercise experience. Future research may explore the key neural basis of aerobic exercise's promotion of emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuru Wang
- Department of Sport Psychology, School of Sport Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianze Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhong Jin
- Department of Sport Psychology, School of Sport Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglin Zhou
- Department of Sport Psychology, School of Sport Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Radikova Z, Mosna L, Eckerstorfer C, Bajer B, Havranova A, Imrich R, Vlcek M, Penesova A. Plasma irisin and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in sedentary subjects: effect of 8-weeks lifestyle intervention. Endocr Regul 2024; 58:115-128. [PMID: 38861537 DOI: 10.2478/enr-2024-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives. Sedentary lifestyle increasingly observed in the population contributes to the incremental incidence of obesity, cardiovascular diseases, mental disorders, type 2 diabetes, hyper-tension, dyslipidemia, and others. Physical inactivity together with an imbalance in caloric intake and expenditure leads to a loss of muscle mass, reduced insulin sensitivity, and accumulation of the visceral fat. Organokines (adipokines, myokines, hepatokines, etc.) serve in the organism for inter-organ communication. However, human studies focused on the exercise-related changes in plasma levels of certain myokines have produced contradictory results. In the present study, we verified a hypothesis that myokine irisin, which is expected to increase in response to physical activity, induces brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) production and by this way mediates the beneficial effect of exercise on several brain functions. Subjects and Methods. Women (n=27) and men (n=10) aged 44.5±12.0 years, who were sedentary and overweight/obese (men ≥25%, women ≥28% body fat), participated in the study. The effect of an 8-week intensive lifestyle intervention (150 minutes of moderate physical activity per week, diet modification, and reduction of caloric intake) on the selected organokines (irisin, BDNF) in the context of an expected improvement in cardiometabolic status was examined. Results. The 8-week lifestyle intervention resulted in a significant (p<0.05) reduction in body mass index, body fat, blood pressure, insulin resistance, lipid and liver parameters, and irisin levels (p<0.001). However, BDNF increase in the whole group did not reach statistical significance. After the improvement of cardiometabolic parameters, a significant decrease in irisin and increase in BDNF levels were also observed in the subgroup with unsatisfactory (≤5%) body weight reduction. Neither relationship between irisin and BDNF levels, nor effect of age or sex on their levels was observed. Conclusions. We cannot confirm the hypothesis that exercise-induced irisin may increase the BDNF levels, whereas, the organokine levels in the periphery may not completely reflect the processes in the brain compartments. The observed decrease in irisin levels after 8-week intensive lifestyle intervention program, which was in contrary to its supposed mechanisms of action and dynamics, suggests the presence of several yet undiscovered impacts on the secretion of irisin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Radikova
- 1Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- 2Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Mosna
- 1Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Carmen Eckerstorfer
- 2Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Boris Bajer
- 1Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Havranova
- 1Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Richard Imrich
- 1Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- 3Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Vlcek
- 1Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- 2Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Adela Penesova
- 1Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- 4Department of Biological and Medical Science, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Ikenouchi A, Okamoto N, Hamada S, Chibaatar E, Fujii R, Konishi Y, Igata R, Tesen H, Yoshimura R. Association between salivary mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor and psychological distress in healthcare workers. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3278. [PMID: 37822121 PMCID: PMC10726813 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have suggested association between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the stress level of workers. However, no studies have investigated the potential of salivary mature BDNF (mBDNF) level as a noninvasive biomarker for psychological distress. This study aimed to explore the reliability of salivary mBDNF as a biomarker for psychological distress in healthcare workers. Furthermore, we examined the relationship between salivary and plasma mBDNF levels and their correlation with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and exercise habits. METHODS Fifty-one healthy healthcare workers (26 men) from the University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, participated in this study. In this cross-sectional study, participants provided demographic information. Psychological distress was assessed using the Kessler 6 (K6). Saliva and blood samples were collected, and mBDNF was measured by ELISA. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was performed to analyze the relationship between mBDNF (saliva and plasma) and K6. Statistical analyses were conducted using Stata 17.0, and a significance level of p < .05 was applied. RESULTS The median K6 score was 1 (interquartile range [IQR]: 0-3). The median (IQR) salivary mBDNF was 1.36 (1.12-1.96) pg/mL, whereas the mean (standard deviation) plasma mBDNF was 1261.11 (242.98) pg/mL. No correlation was observed between salivary and plasma mBDNF concentrations or with the K6 score. Additionally, there were no associations between salivary or plasma mBDNF concentrations and age, sex, or exercise habits. Finally, an association between plasma mBDNF concentration and BMI was found only in univariate analysis. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that salivary mBDNF can be accurately measured noninvasively in healthcare workers. Within our study sample, salivary mBDNF did not demonstrate any correlation with K6 and plasma mBDNF. Future studies with a larger study sample and a diverse study population consisting of healthy participants and patients with psychiatric disorders are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Ikenouchi
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health, JapanKitakyushuJapan
- Medical Center for DementiaHospital of University of Occupational and Environmental Health, JapanKitakyushuJapan
| | - Naomichi Okamoto
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health, JapanKitakyushuJapan
| | - Shinsuke Hamada
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health, JapanKitakyushuJapan
- Medical Center for DementiaHospital of University of Occupational and Environmental Health, JapanKitakyushuJapan
| | - Enkhmurun Chibaatar
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health, JapanKitakyushuJapan
| | - Rintaro Fujii
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health, JapanKitakyushuJapan
| | - Yuki Konishi
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health, JapanKitakyushuJapan
| | - Ryohei Igata
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health, JapanKitakyushuJapan
| | - Hirofumi Tesen
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health, JapanKitakyushuJapan
| | - Reiji Yoshimura
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health, JapanKitakyushuJapan
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Rafie F, Rajizadeh MA, Shahbazi M, Pourranjbar M, Nekouei AH, Sheibani V, Peterson D. Effects of voluntary, and forced exercises on neurotrophic factors and cognitive function in animal models of Parkinson's disease. Neuropeptides 2023; 101:102357. [PMID: 37393777 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2023.102357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly. Cognitive dysfunction represents a common and challenging non-motor symptom for people with Parkinson's disease. The number of neurotrophic proteins in the brain is critical in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's. This research aims to compare the effects of two types of exercise, forced and voluntary, on spatial memory and learning and neurochemical factors (CDNF and BDNF). METHODS In this research, 60 male rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10): the control (CTL) group without exercise, the Parkinson's groups without and with forced (FE) and voluntary (VE) exercises, and the sham groups (with voluntary and forced exercise). The animals in the forced exercise group were placed on the treadmill for four weeks (five days a week). At the same time, voluntary exercise training groups were placed in a special cage equipped with a rotating wheel. At the end of 4 weeks, learning and spatial memory were evaluated with the Morris water maze test. BDNF and CDNF protein levels in the hippocampus were measured by the ELISA method. RESULTS The results showed that although the PD group without exercise was at a significantly lower level than other groups in terms of cognitive function and neurochemical factors, both types of exercise, could improve these problems. CONCLUSION According to our results, 4 weeks of voluntary and forced exercises were all found to reverse the cognitive impairments of PD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forouzan Rafie
- Health Solutions, College of (CHS), Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Neuroscience Research Centre, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Amin Rajizadeh
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shahbazi
- Department of Physical Education & Exercise Science, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Pourranjbar
- Neuroscience Research Centre, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amir H Nekouei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vahid Sheibani
- Neuroscience Research Centre, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Daniel Peterson
- Health Solutions, College of (CHS), Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Pheonix VA Medical Center. Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Kuang G, Halimitabrizi M, Edziah AA, Salowe R, O’Brien JM. The potential for mitochondrial therapeutics in the treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma: a review. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1184060. [PMID: 37601627 PMCID: PMC10433652 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1184060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma, an age-related neurodegenerative disease, is characterized by the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and the corresponding loss of visual fields. This disease is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, making early diagnosis and effective treatment paramount. The pathophysiology of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), the most common form of the disease, remains poorly understood. Current available treatments, which target elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), are not effective at slowing disease progression in approximately 30% of patients. There is a great need to identify and study treatment options that target other disease mechanisms and aid in neuroprotection for POAG. Increasingly, the role of mitochondrial injury in the development of POAG has become an emphasized area of research interest. Disruption in the function of mitochondria has been linked to problems with neurodevelopment and systemic diseases. Recent studies have shown an association between RGC death and damage to the cells' mitochondria. In particular, oxidative stress and disrupted oxidative phosphorylation dynamics have been linked to increased susceptibility of RGC mitochondria to secondary mechanical injury. Several mitochondria-targeted treatments for POAG have been suggested, including physical exercise, diet and nutrition, antioxidant supplementation, stem cell therapy, hypoxia exposure, gene therapy, mitochondrial transplantation, and light therapy. Studies have shown that mitochondrial therapeutics may have the potential to slow the progression of POAG by protecting against mitochondrial decline associated with age, genetic susceptibility, and other pathology. Further, these therapeutics may potentially target already present neuronal damage and symptom manifestations. In this review, the authors outline potential mitochondria-targeted treatment strategies and discuss their utility for use in POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Kuang
- Perelman School of Medicine, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Penn Medicine Center for Genetics in Complex Diseases, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mina Halimitabrizi
- Perelman School of Medicine, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Penn Medicine Center for Genetics in Complex Diseases, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Amy-Ann Edziah
- Perelman School of Medicine, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Penn Medicine Center for Genetics in Complex Diseases, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rebecca Salowe
- Perelman School of Medicine, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Penn Medicine Center for Genetics in Complex Diseases, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Joan M. O’Brien
- Perelman School of Medicine, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Penn Medicine Center for Genetics in Complex Diseases, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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14
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Musacchio S, Kallenbach MD, Huber DL, Raff H, Johnson BD, Leddy J, McCrea MA, Meier TB, Nelson LD. Salivary Cortisol Dynamics After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2023; 38:E318-E327. [PMID: 36696236 PMCID: PMC10329977 DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI)-related alterations in baseline (resting) salivary cortisol and cortisol reactivity to cognitive and exercise stressors, which are frequently encountered during mTBI rehabilitation and recovery. SETTING Persons with mTBI were recruited from a level 1 trauma center emergency department. Uninjured controls (UCs) were recruited from the community. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 37 individuals with mTBI and 24 UCs. All patients with mTBI were enrolled at 7 ± 3 days post-injury, met the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine definition of mTBI, and had no acute intracranial findings on clinical neuroimaging (if performed). DESIGN A prospective cohort study design was used. All participants provided saliva samples 10 times during each of 2 visits spaced 3 weeks apart (1 week and 1 month post-injury for the mTBI group). Each visit included baseline saliva sampling and sampling to evaluate reactivity to a cognitive stressor (Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test) and physical stressor (Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test [BCTT]). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Natural log-transformed salivary cortisol was measured by enzyme immunoassay. Cortisol was predicted using a linear mixed-effects model by group (mTBI and UC), visit (1 week and 1 month), and saliva sample. RESULTS Mean salivary cortisol was higher in the mTBI group (1.67 nmol/L [95% CI 1.42-1.72]) than in controls (1.30 nmol/L [1.12-1.47]), without an mTBI × time interaction. At 1 week, the mTBI group had greater cortisol reactivity in response to the BCTT. CONCLUSIONS Higher cortisol in individuals with mTBI at 1 week and 1 month post-injury extends previous findings into the subacute recovery period. Furthermore, the mTBI group demonstrated a greater cortisol response to mild-to-moderate aerobic exercise (BCTT) at 1 week post-injury. Given the increasing role of exercise in mTBI rehabilitation, further research is warranted to replicate these findings and identify the clinical implications, if any, of enhanced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses to exercise in civilians with recent mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Musacchio
- Departments of Neurosurgery (Ms Musacchio, Mx Kallenbach, Mr Huber, and Drs McCrea, Meier, and Nelson) and Medicine, Surgery, and Physiology (Dr Raff), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Endocrine Research Laboratory, Aurora St Luke's Medical Center, Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Dr Raff); Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Bloomington (Dr Johnson); and UBMD Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, and SUNY Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York (Dr Leddy)
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15
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Nilsson J, Ekblom M, Moberg M, Lövdén M. The role of acute changes in mBDNF, cortisol and pro-BDNF in predicting cognitive performance in old age. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9418. [PMID: 37296176 PMCID: PMC10256682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35847-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay between biomarkers of relevance to neuroplasticity and its association with learning and cognitive ability in old age remains poorly understood. The present study investigated acute changes in plasma concentrations of mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF), its precursor protein (pro-BDNF), and cortisol, in response to acute physical exercise and cognitive training interventions, their covariation and role in predicting cognitive performance. Confirmatory results provided no support for mBDNF, pro-BDNF and cortisol co-varying over time, as the acute interventions unfolded, but did confirm a positive association between mBDNF and pro-BDNF at rest. The confirmatory results did not support the hypothesis that mBDNF change following physical exercise were counteracted by temporally coupled changes in cortisol or pro-BDNF, or by cortisol at rest, in its previously demonstrated faciliatory effect on cognitive training outcome. Exploratory results instead provided indications of a general and trait-like cognitive benefit of exhibiting greater mBDNF responsiveness to acute interventions when coupled with lesser cortisol responsiveness, greater pro-BDNF responsiveness, and lower cortisol at rest. As such, the results call for future work to test whether certain biomarker profiles are associated with preserved cognition in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonna Nilsson
- Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Maria Ekblom
- Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Moberg
- Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Lövdén
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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16
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Gibbons TD, Cotter JD, Ainslie PN, Abraham WC, Mockett BG, Campbell HA, Jones EMW, Jenkins EJ, Thomas KN. Fasting for 20 h does not affect exercise-induced increases in circulating BDNF in humans. J Physiol 2023; 601:2121-2137. [PMID: 36631068 DOI: 10.1113/jp283582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting and exercise provide neuroprotection from age-related cognitive decline. A link between these two seemingly distinct stressors is their capability to steer the brain away from exclusively glucose metabolism. This cerebral substrate switch has been implicated in upregulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein involved in neuroplasticity, learning and memory, and may underlie some of these neuroprotective effects. We examined the isolated and interactive effects of (1) 20-h fasting, (2) 90-min light exercise, and (3) high-intensity exercise on peripheral venous BDNF in 12 human volunteers. A follow-up study isolated the influence of cerebrovascular shear stress on circulating BDNF. Fasting for 20 h decreased glucose and increased ketones (P ≤ 0.0157) but had no effect on BDNF (P ≥ 0.4637). Light cycling at 25% of peak oxygen uptake (V ̇ O 2 peak ${\dot V_{{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{peak}}}}$ ) increased serum BDNF by 6 ± 8% (independent of being fed or fasted) and was mediated by a 7 ± 6% increase in platelets (P < 0.0001). Plasma BDNF was increased from 336 pg l-1 [46,626] to 390 pg l-1 [127,653] by 90-min of light cycling (P = 0.0128). Six 40-s intervals at 100% ofV ̇ O 2 peak ${\dot V_{{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{peak}}}}$ increased plasma and serum BDNF, as well as the BDNF-per-platelet ratio 4- to 5-fold more than light exercise did (P ≤ 0.0044). Plasma BDNF was correlated with circulating lactate during the high-intensity intervals (r = 0.47, P = 0.0057), but not during light exercise (P = 0.7407). Changes in cerebral shear stress - whether occurring naturally during exercise or induced experimentally with inspired CO2 - did not correspond with changes in BDNF (P ≥ 0.2730). BDNF responses to low-intensity exercise are mediated by increased circulating platelets, and increasing either exercise duration or particularly intensity is required to liberate free BDNF. KEY POINTS: Intermittent fasting and exercise both have potent neuroprotective effects and an acute upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) appears to be a common mechanistic link. Switching the brain's fuel source from glucose to either ketone bodies or lactate, i.e. a cerebral substrate switch, has been shown to promote BDNF production in the rodent brain. Fasting for 20 h caused a 9-fold increase in ketone body delivery to the brain but had no effect on any metric of BDNF in peripheral circulation at rest. Prolonged (90 min) light cycling exercise increased plasma- and serum-derived BDNF irrespective of being fed or fasted and seemed to be independent of changes in cerebral shear stress. Six minutes of high-intensity cycling intervals increased every metric of circulating BDNF by 4 to 5 times more than prolonged low-intensity cycling; the increase in plasma-derived BDNF was correlated with a 6-fold increase in circulating lactate irrespective of feeding or fasting. Compared to 1 day of fasting with or without prolonged light exercise, high-intensity exercise is a much more efficient means to increase BDNF in circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis D Gibbons
- School of Physical Education, Sport & Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia - Okanagan, School of Health and Exercise Science, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - James D Cotter
- School of Physical Education, Sport & Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia - Okanagan, School of Health and Exercise Science, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wickliffe C Abraham
- Department of Psychology, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Bruce G Mockett
- Department of Psychology, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Holly A Campbell
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Emma M W Jones
- School of Physical Education, Sport & Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Elliott J Jenkins
- School of Physical Education, Sport & Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kate N Thomas
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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17
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Chen FT, Feng SH, Nien JT, Cheng YT, Chen YC, Chang YK. Effects of acute moderate-intensity exercise on executive function in children with preterm birth: A randomized crossover study. Early Hum Dev 2023; 183:105795. [PMID: 37364431 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2023.105795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute exercise appears to promote executive function (EF) in children. However, the effect of acute exercise on EF in children with preterm birth (PB) remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether acute moderate-intensity exercise improves EF in children with PB. METHODS Twenty child participants with PB (age = 10.95 ± 1.19 years, birth age = 31.71 ± 3.64 weeks) completed exercise and control sessions in a randomized crossover design. In the exercise session, participants completed a 30-minute period of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. In the control session, participants watched a video for appropriately 30 min. Following each session immediately, inhibitory control, an aspect of EF, was assessed with the Numerical Stroop task. RESULTS Response time (RT) for the Stroop's incongruent condition was shorter after the exercise session than after the control session. However, no differences were observed in RT for the congruent condition. Accuracy rate (ACC) in both congruent and incongruent conditions did not differ between exercise and control session. CONCLUSION The findings support the beneficial effect of acute exercise on executive function (EF) in children with PB, particularly in terms of improving inhibitory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Tzu Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsien Feng
- Department of Leisure Industry Management, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ti Nien
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Cheng
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chu Chen
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kai Chang
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan; Social Emotional Education and Development Center, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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18
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Grzelak N, Krutki P, Bączyk M, Kaczmarek D, Mrówczyński W. Influence of altered serum and muscle concentrations of BDNF on electrophysiological properties of spinal motoneurons in wild-type and BDNF-knockout rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4571. [PMID: 36941445 PMCID: PMC10027728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31703-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether altered serum and/or muscle concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can modify the electrophysiological properties of spinal motoneurons (MNs). This study was conducted in wild-type and Bdnf heterozygous knockout rats (HET, SD-BDNF). Rats were divided into four groups: control, knockout, control trained, and knockout trained. The latter two groups underwent moderate-intensity endurance training to increase BDNF levels in serum and/or hindlimb muscles. BDNF and other neurotrophic factors (NFs), including glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), nerve growth factor (NGF), and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) were assessed in serum and three hindlimb muscles: the tibialis anterior (TA), medial gastrocnemius (MG), and soleus (Sol). The concentrations of tropomyosin kinase receptor B (Trk-B), interleukin-15 (IL-15), and myoglobin (MYO/MB) were also evaluated in these muscles. The electrophysiological properties of lumbar MNs were studied in vivo using whole-cell current-clamp recordings. Bdnf knockout rats had reduced levels of all studied NFs in serum but not in hindlimb muscles. Interestingly, decreased serum NF levels did not influence the electrophysiological properties of spinal MNs. Additionally, endurance training did not change the serum concentrations of any of the NFs tested but significantly increased BDNF and GDNF levels in the TA and MG muscles in both trained groups. Furthermore, the excitability of fast MNs was reduced in both groups of trained rats. Thus, changes in muscle (but not serum) concentrations of BDNF and GDNF may be critical factors that modify the excitability of spinal MNs after intense physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Grzelak
- Department of Neurobiology, Poznań University of Physical Education, 27/39 Królowej Jadwigi St., 61-871, Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Krutki
- Department of Neurobiology, Poznań University of Physical Education, 27/39 Królowej Jadwigi St., 61-871, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Bączyk
- Department of Neurobiology, Poznań University of Physical Education, 27/39 Królowej Jadwigi St., 61-871, Poznań, Poland
| | - Dominik Kaczmarek
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Mrówczyński
- Department of Neurobiology, Poznań University of Physical Education, 27/39 Królowej Jadwigi St., 61-871, Poznań, Poland.
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Nishikawa Y, Sakaguchi H, Kawade S, Maeda N, Tanaka S, Hyngstrom A. Electrical muscle stimulation in young adults: effect of muscle volume on brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:361-366. [PMID: 36301337 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05078-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) is known to be effective at stimulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, but the relationship between the volume of muscle stimulated and BDNF levels is not clear. The purpose of this study was to quantify BDNF as a function of muscle volume stimulated in young adults. METHODS Twelve young adults (male, n = 9, age = 27.3 ± 5.5 years) were enrolled in this study. Participants completed three testing conditions in randomized order: 23 min of maximum tolerated bilateral stimulation of (1) the quadriceps muscle or (2) the musculature of the entire lower limbs and (3) control testing and retesting after 23 min without an intervention. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after, 20 min after, and 40 min after the intervention when EMS was applied to the thighs or the entire lower limb conditions. Serum obtained from blood collection was used for BDNF analysis. RESULTS The delta value of BDNF for the test and retest in the control condition was - 42.1 ± 73.8 pg/mL, and there was no significant difference between the test and retest BDNF. Compared to stimulation of the quadriceps muscle, stimulation of the entire lower limbs produced significantly higher BDNF at 20 min post-treatment than those at pre-treatment or 40 min post-treatment, and BDNF was also significantly higher immediately post-treatment than those at pre-treatment. Only stimulation of the quadriceps muscle did not induce a significant change between pre- and post-treatment. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the volume of muscle stimulation is important for increased BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Nishikawa
- Faculty of Frontier Engineering, Institute of Science & Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Sakaguchi
- Graduate School of Frontier Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Noriaki Maeda
- Division of Sports Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinobu Tanaka
- Faculty of Frontier Engineering, Institute of Science & Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Allison Hyngstrom
- Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Henrique PPB, Perez FMP, Dorneles G, Peres A, Korb A, Elsner V, De Marchi ACB. Exergame and/or conventional training-induced neuroplasticity and cognitive improvement by engaging epigenetic and inflammatory modulation in elderly women: A randomized clinical trial. Physiol Behav 2023; 258:113996. [PMID: 36252683 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the acute and long-term impact of exergaming (EXE) and conventional therapy (CON) in the peripheral levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), inflammatory markers (interleukin [IL]-1b, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]) and epigenetic mechanisms (global histone H3 and H4 acetylation levels in mononuclear cells) of healthy elderly women. We also evaluated the effect of intervention on cognitive performance in these individuals. METHODS Twenty-two elderly women were randomly assigned into two groups: EXE (n = 12) and CON (n = 10). Both interventions were performed twice a week for 6 weeks (12 sessions). Blood samples were obtained before intervention, after the first session, and 1 hour after the last session. Cognitive performance was evaluated before and after intervention. RESULTS Both EXE and CON interventions ameliorated cognitive performance, improved inflammatory profile, enhanced BDNF levels, and induced histone H4 and H3 hyperacetylation status in elderly women. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that the proposed interventions can be considered important strategies capable of promoting cognitive improvement in healthy elderly women. The acetylation status of histones and inflammatory cytokines are possible molecular mechanisms that mediate this beneficial response, being distinctly modulated by acute and long-term exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabrízzio Martin Pelle Perez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Envelhecimento Humano, Instituto de Saúde, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Gilson Dorneles
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Peres
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Arthiese Korb
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões - URI Campus de Erechim, Brazil
| | - Viviane Elsner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Bertoletti De Marchi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Envelhecimento Humano, Instituto de Saúde, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Computação Aplicada, Instituto de Tecnologia, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
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21
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Bryant RA, Dawson KS, Azevedo S, Yadav S, Cahill C, Kenny L, Maccallum F, Tran J, Rawson N, Tockar J, Garber B, Keyan D. Augmenting trauma-focused psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder with brief aerobic exercise in Australia: a randomised clinical trial. Lancet Psychiatry 2023; 10:21-29. [PMID: 36436532 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(22)00368-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although exposure therapy is central in most front-line psychotherapies of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), many patients do not respond to this treatment. We aimed to investigate the effects of brief aerobic exercise on the efficacy of exposure therapy in reducing the severity of PTSD. METHODS We did a single-blind, parallel, randomised controlled trial in Sydney, NSW, Australia. We included adults (aged ≥18 years) with clinician-diagnosed PTSD. We excluded participants aged 70 years or older, with imminent suicidal risk (reporting suicidal plan), presence of psychosis or substance dependence, history of moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury, or presence of a physical disorder or impairment that might be exacerbated by aerobic exercise (eg, back pain). We randomly assigned participants (1:1) to nine 90-min weekly sessions of exposure therapy for PTSD with 10 min aerobic exercise or to the control group of exposure therapy with 10 min passive stretching. The primary outcome was PTSD severity measured by the clinician-administered PTSD scale 2 (CAPS-2), independently assessed at baseline, 1 week after treatment, and 6 months after treatment (primary outcome timepoint). FINDINGS Between Dec 12, 2012, and July 25, 2018, we enrolled 130 participants with PTSD, with 65 (50%) participants randomly assigned to exposure therapy with exercise and 65 (50%) to exposure therapy with passive stretching, including 79 (61%) women and 51 (39%) men, with a mean age of 39·1 years (SD 14·4; range 18-69). 99 (76%) participants were White, 14 (11%) were Asian, and 17 (13%) were listed as other. At the 6-month follow-up assessment, participants in the exposure therapy with exercise group showed greater reductions in CAPS-2 scores relative to those in the exposure therapy with stretching group (mean difference 12·1 [95% CI 2·4-21·8]; p=0·023), which resulted in a moderate effect size of 0·6 (0·1-1·1). No adverse events associated with the intervention were reported. The trial was prospectively registered on the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12612000185864. INTERPRETATION Brief aerobic exercise has the potential to augment long-term gains of exposure therapy for PTSD, which accords with evidence from studies in animals and humans on the role of exercise in modulating the extinction learning processes. This strategy might offer a simple and affordable means to augment treatment gains for exposure therapy in people with PTSD. FUNDING Australian National Health and Medical Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Bryant
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Katie S Dawson
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Suzanna Azevedo
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Srishti Yadav
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Catherine Cahill
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lucy Kenny
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fiona Maccallum
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jenny Tran
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Natasha Rawson
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julia Tockar
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Benjamin Garber
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dharani Keyan
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Jemni M, Zaman R, Carrick FR, Clarke ND, Marina M, Bottoms L, Matharoo JS, Ramsbottom R, Hoffman N, Groves SJ, Gu Y, Konukman F. Exercise improves depression through positive modulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). A review based on 100 manuscripts over 20 years. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1102526. [PMID: 36969600 PMCID: PMC10030936 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1102526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review was to explore the relevant neurobiology and the association between peripheral levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and acute and short to long-term exercise regimes, as well as its relation to depression and antidepressant treatment. A 20-year literature search was conducted. The screening process resulted in 100 manuscripts. Antidepressants as well as acute exercise, particularly high-intensity, elevates BDNF in healthy humans and clinical populations, as evidenced from aerobic and resistance-based studies. Although exercise is increasingly recognised in the management of depression, acute and short-term exercise studies have failed to establish a relationship between the severity of depression and changes in peripheral BDNF. The latter rapidly returns to baseline, possibly indicating a quick re-uptake by the brain, aiding its neuroplasticity functions. The timescale of administration needed for the antidepressants to stimulate biochemical changes is longer than similar increases with acute exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monèm Jemni
- Faculty of Physical Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- The Carrick Institute of Neuroscience, Cape Canaveral, FL, United States
- Centre for Mental Health Research in association with The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Monèm Jemni, ; Yaodong Gu,
| | - Rashid Zaman
- Centre for Mental Health Research in association with The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Frederick Robert Carrick
- The Carrick Institute of Neuroscience, Cape Canaveral, FL, United States
- Centre for Mental Health Research in association with The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, United states
- MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Neil David Clarke
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Michel Marina
- Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Sport Performance, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lindsay Bottoms
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Roger Ramsbottom
- Sport and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Norman Hoffman
- The Carrick Institute of Neuroscience, Cape Canaveral, FL, United States
| | - Shad James Groves
- The Carrick Institute of Neuroscience, Cape Canaveral, FL, United States
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Physical Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Monèm Jemni, ; Yaodong Gu,
| | - Ferman Konukman
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Llanos P, Palomero J. Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (RONS) and Cytokines-Myokines Involved in Glucose Uptake and Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244008. [PMID: 36552772 PMCID: PMC9776436 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance onset in skeletal muscle is characterized by the impairment of insulin signaling, which reduces the internalization of glucose, known as glucose uptake, into the cell. Therefore, there is a deficit of intracellular glucose, which is the main source for energy production in the cell. This may compromise cellular viability and functions, leading to pathological dysfunction. Skeletal muscle fibers continuously generate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). An excess of RONS produces oxidative distress, which may evoke cellular damage and dysfunction. However, a moderate level of RONS, which is called oxidative eustress, is critical to maintain, modulate and regulate cellular functions through reversible interactions between RONS and the components of cellular signaling pathways that control those functions, such as the facilitation of glucose uptake. The skeletal muscle releases peptides called myokines that may have endocrine and paracrine effects. Some myokines bind to specific receptors in skeletal muscle fibers and might interact with cellular signaling pathways, such as PI3K/Akt and AMPK, and facilitate glucose uptake. In addition, there are cytokines, which are peptides produced by non-skeletal muscle cells, that bind to receptors at the plasma membrane of skeletal muscle cells and interact with the cellular signaling pathways, facilitating glucose uptake. RONS, myokines and cytokines might be acting on the same signaling pathways that facilitate glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. However, the experimental studies are limited and scarce. The aim of this review is to highlight the current knowledge regarding the role of RONS, myokines and cytokines as potential signals that facilitate glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. In addition, we encourage researchers in the field to lead and undertake investigations to uncover the fundamentals of glucose uptake evoked by RONS, myokines, and cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Llanos
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile
- Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Jesus Palomero
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, Av. Alfonso X El Sabio, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-666-589-153
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Raharjo S, Rejeki P, Kurniawan A, Widiastuti, Taufik M, Siregar A, Harisman A, Andiana O, Hidayati H. Pattern of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels after acute interval exercise versus acute continuous exercise in obese adolescent females. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3920/cep220017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has been linked to lower cognitive function, while exercise is known to be beneficial in enhancing the cognitive function. Exercise is also known to increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as the biological marker of cognitive function. This study aimed to analyse the pattern of serum BDNF levels after acute interval exercise (MIE) versus acute continuous exercise (MCE) in obese adolescent females. A total of 24 obese females were enrolled in this study and given acute interval exercise and acute continuous exercise with moderate intensity. The serum level of BDNF in all samples was quantified using ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA, and LSD post-hoc test with a 5% significance level. The results revealed pre-exercise mean serum BDNF levels of 254.17±86.90 pg/ml (Control), 263.21±79.82 pg/ml (MIE) and 266.01±33.29 pg/ml (MCE) (P=0.948). The mean serum BDNF levels at 10 min post-exercise were 248.84±44.42 pg/ml (Control), 397.00±31.36 pg/ml (MIE), and 582.82±79.24 pg/ml (MCE) (P=0.000). The mean serum BDNF levels at 6 h post-exercise were 250.05±70.44 pg/ml (Control), 344.50±68.84 pg/ml (MIE), and 364.42±100.87 pg/ml (MCE) (P=0.029). The mean serum BDNF levels at 24 h post-exercise were 244.20±48.55 pg/ml (Control), 252.49±89.11 pg/ml (MIE), and 250.99±65.86 pg/ml (MCE) (P=0.986). It was concluded that serum BDNF in obese adolescent females increased but transiently. Serum BDNF levels increased by acute exercise in both MIE and MCE at 10 min and 6 h post-exercise. However, serum BDNF level at 24 h post-exercise decreased close to the pre-exercise serum BDNF level in all groups. Further research is needed studying the effect of chronic exercise on the kinetics of serum BDNF levels in obese adolescent females.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Raharjo
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Science, State University of Malang, Semarang No. 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - P.S. Rejeki
- Physiology Division, Department of Medical Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Prof. Dr. Moestopo No. 47, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia
| | - A.W. Kurniawan
- Department of Physical Education, Health and Recreation, Faculty of Sports Sciences, State University of Malang, Semarang No. 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Widiastuti
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Science, State University of Jakarta, Pemuda No. 10, Jakarta 13220, Indonesia
| | - M.S. Taufik
- Department of Physical Education, Health and Recreation, Faculty of Teacher and Education, University of Suryakancana, Pasirgede Raya, Cianjur 43216, Indonesia
| | - A.H. Siregar
- Department of Physical Education, Health and Recreation, Faculty of Sports Sciences, State University of Medan, Willem Iskandar, Medan 20221, Indonesia
| | - A.S.M. Harisman
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Science, State University of Malang, Semarang No. 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - O. Andiana
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Science, State University of Malang, Semarang No. 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - H.B. Hidayati
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Prof. Dr. Moestopo No. 47, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia
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Cook AA, Jayabal S, Sheng J, Fields E, Leung TCS, Quilez S, McNicholas E, Lau L, Huang S, Watt AJ. Activation of TrkB-Akt signaling rescues deficits in a mouse model of SCA6. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabh3260. [PMID: 36112675 PMCID: PMC9481119 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh3260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6) is a neurodegenerative disease resulting in motor coordination deficits and cerebellar pathology. Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is reduced in postmortem tissue from SCA6 patients. Here, we show that levels of cerebellar BDNF and its receptor, tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), are reduced at an early disease stage in a mouse model of SCA6 (SCA684Q/84Q). One month of exercise elevated cerebellar BDNF expression and improved ataxia and cerebellar Purkinje cell firing rate deficits. A TrkB agonist, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF), likewise improved motor coordination and Purkinje cell firing rate and elevated downstream Akt signaling. Prolonged 7,8-DHF administration persistently improved ataxia when treatment commenced near disease onset but was ineffective when treatment was started late. These data suggest that 7,8-DHF, which is orally bioavailable and crosses the blood-brain barrier, is a promising therapeutic for SCA6 and argue for the importance of early intervention for SCA6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Cook
- Biology Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sriram Jayabal
- Biology Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Integrated Neuroscience Program, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jacky Sheng
- Biology Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eviatar Fields
- Biology Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Integrated Neuroscience Program, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Sabrina Quilez
- Biology Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Lois Lau
- Biology Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shixia Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Education, Innovation and Technology, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alanna J. Watt
- Biology Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Zhao K, Hu Z, Wang T, Tian L, Wang M, Liu R, Zuo C, Jihua W. Acute effects of two different work-to-rest ratio of high-intensity interval training on brain-derived neurotrophic factor in untrained young men. Front Physiol 2022; 13:988773. [PMID: 36160866 PMCID: PMC9490303 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.988773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aerobic exercise could produce a positive effect on the brain by releasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In untrained healthy humans there seems to be a linear correlation between exercise duration and the positive effect of acute aerobic exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. Therefore, we performed two different duration of high-intensity interval training protocols (HIIT), both known to improve cardiovascular fitness, to determine whether then have a similar efficacy in affecting brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels.Methods: 12 untrained young males (aged 23.7 ± 1.8 years), participated in a randomized controlled cross-over trial. They underwent two different work-to-rest ratio high-intensity interval training protocols: high-intensity interval training 1 (30 min, 15 intervals of 1 min efforts at 85%–90% VO2max with 1 min of active recovery at 50%–60% VO2max) and HIIT2 (30 min, 10 intervals of 2 min efforts at 85%–90% VO2max with 1 min of active recovery at 50%–60% VO2max). Serum cortisol, brain-derived neurotrophic factor were collected at baseline, immediately following intervention, and 30 min into recovery for measurements using a Sandwich ELISA method, blood lactate was measured by using a portable lactate analyzer.Results: Our results showed that the similar serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor change in both high-intensity interval training protocols, with maximal serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels being reached toward the end of intervention. There was no significant change in serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor from baseline after 30 min recovery. We then showed that both high-intensity interval training protocols significantly increase blood lactate and serum cortisol compared with baseline value (high-intensity interval training p < 0.01; high-intensity interval training 2 p < 0.01), with high-intensity interval training 2 reaching higher blood lactate levels than high-intensity interval training 1 (p = 0.027), but no difference was observed in serum cortisol between both protocols. Moreover, changes in serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor did corelate with change in blood lactate (high-intensity interval training 1 r = 0.577, p < 0.05; high-intensity interval training 2 r = 0.635, p < 0.05), but did not correlate with the change in serum cortisol.Conclusions: brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in untrained young men are significantly increased in response to different work-to-rest ratio of high-intensity interval training protocols, and the magnitude of increase is exercise duration independent. Moreover, the higher blood lactate did not raise circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Therefore, given that prolonged exercise causes higher levels of cortisol. We suggest that the 1:1work-to-rest ratio of high-intensity interval training protocol might represent a preferred intervention for promoting brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kegang Zhao
- School of Physical Education of Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Kegang Zhao,
| | | | - Tao Wang
- School of Physical Education of Liaocheng University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Tian
- School of Physical Education of Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Maoye Wang
- School of Physical Education of Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Ruijiang Liu
- School of Physical Education of Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Chongwen Zuo
- Capital Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Jihua
- Department of Information Science and Engineering of Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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Thacker JS, Mielke JG. The combined effects of corticosterone and brain-derived neurotrophic factor on plasticity-related receptor phosphorylation and expression at the synaptic surface in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Horm Behav 2022; 145:105233. [PMID: 35878471 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Following acute exercise, a temporal window exists wherein neuroplasticity is thought to be heightened. Although a number of studies have established that pairing this post-exercise period with motor training enhances learning, the mechanisms through which exercise-induced priming occurs are not well understood. Previously, we characterized a rodent model of acute exercise that generates significant enhancement in glutamatergic receptor phosphorylation as a possible mechanism to explain how exercise-induced priming might occur. However, whether these changes are stimulated by peripheral factors (e.g., glucocorticoids), central effects (e.g., brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), or a combination of the two remains unclear. Herein, we explored the possible individual and/or cumulative contribution corticosterone (CORT) and BDNF may have on glutamate receptor phosphorylation and synaptic surface expression. Tissue slices from the sensorimotor cortex were prepared and acutely (30 min) incubated with either CORT (200 nM), BDNF (20 ng/mL), or the simultaneous application of CORT and BDNF (CORT+BDNF). Immunoblotting with biotinylated synaptoneurosomes (which provide an enrichment of proteins from the synaptic surface) suggested divergent effects between CORT and BDNF. Acute CORT application enhanced NMDA- (GluN2A, B) and AMPA- (GluA1) receptor phosphorylation, whereas BDNF preferentially increased synaptic surface expression of both NMDA- and AMPA-receptor subunits. The combined effects of CORT+BDNF resulted in a unique subset of signaling patterns that favored phosphorylation in the absence of surface expression. Taken together, these data provide a mechanistic framework for how CORT and BDNF may alter glutamatergic synapses during exercise-induced priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Thacker
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - John G Mielke
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF): a multifaceted marker in chronic kidney disease. Clin Exp Nephrol 2022; 26:1149-1159. [DOI: 10.1007/s10157-022-02268-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Rondão CADM, Mota MP, Oliveira MM, Peixoto F, Esteves D. Multicomponent exercise program effects on fitness and cognitive function of elderlies with mild cognitive impairment: Involvement of oxidative stress and BDNF. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:950937. [PMID: 36092805 PMCID: PMC9453672 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.950937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise has been shown to be one of the most important lifestyle influences on improving functional performance, and decreasing morbidity and all-cause mortality among older people. However, although there is some evidence on the effects of aerobic training on oxidative stress, there is little information regarding the effects of multicomponent exercise (dual-task training) and combination of exercise with cognitive stimulation on oxidative stress. In this context, the aim of this study was to verify the effects of a multicomponent exercise program on physical fitness and cognitive function in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment and determine the role of oxidative stress and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). At baseline, 37 elderly nursing home residents with mild cognitive impairment were divided into two groups: the control group (CG, n = 12, 81.8 years) and the experimental group (EG, n = 25, 83.2 years). These elderlies followed multicomponent exercise training for 24 weeks, with two sessions per week and 45–50 min per session. The exercises included both aerobic and strength exercises, considering functional movements and light to moderate intensity. Cognitive stimulation comprehended exercises based on word games, puzzles, mathematical calculations, forward and backward counting, computer exercises, exergames, and games on a balanced platform. Physical assessments (weight, height, and body mass index), health and functional parameters (fitness tests: chair stand, arm curls, chair sit-and-reach, eight feet up-and-go, back scratch, 6-min walking, feet together, semi-tandem, and full tandem), lipid profile (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides), measures of lipid peroxidation damage, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and BDNF were measured in plasma, based on which analyses were performed before and after the 24 weeks of the multicomponent exercise intervention. The results showed an overall improvement in physical and functional performance. Regarding biochemical measures, multicomponent exercises lead to a significant decrease in oxidative damage. The results indicate that multicomponent exercise training induces benefits in functional capacity and reduces damage due to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Alexandra de Melo Rondão
- Department of Sports, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Camara Municipal do Fundão, Fundão, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Catarina Alexandra de Melo Rondão
| | - Maria Paula Mota
- University of Trás-os Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuel Oliveira
- University of Trás-os Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Centro de Química, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Francisco Peixoto
- University of Trás-os Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Centro de Química, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Dulce Esteves
- Department of Sports, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
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Li Q, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Zuo C, Bo S. A Shorter-Bout of HIIT Is More Effective to Promote Serum BDNF and VEGF-A Levels and Improve Cognitive Function in Healthy Young Men. Front Physiol 2022; 13:898603. [PMID: 35846013 PMCID: PMC9277476 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.898603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of single bouts of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with different duration on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) levels and cognitive function in healthy young men. Methods: Twelve healthy young men were participated in two HIIT treatments (20 min HIIT and 30 min HIIT) in a random order. BDNF, VEGF-A, cortisol, testosterone, blood lactic acid were measured and cognitive function was assessed by Stroop test (CWST) and Digital Span test (DST) before, immediately after, and 30 min after HIIT. Results: 20 and 30 min HIIT increased BLa (both p < 0.01), cortisol (20 min HIIT: p < 0.05; 30 min HIIT: p < 0.01), and testosterone (both p < 0.05) levels immediately when compared with their baselines. While BLa and cortisol were significantly higher in 30 min HIIT group than in 20 min HIIT group. Moreover, BDNF concentration (p < 0.01), DST-F (p < 0.01) and DST-B (p < 0.05) were increased and response time of Stroop was decreased immediately after HIIT only in 20 min HIIT group. VEGF-A concentration was increased immediately after HIIT in both groups (p < 0.01), but after 30 min recovery, it was returned to the baseline in the 20 min HIIT group and was lower than the baseline in 30 min HIIT group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Twenty minutes HIIT is more effective than 30 minutes HIIT for promoting serum levels of BDNF and VEGF-A as well as cognitive function in healthy young men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- College of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengguo Zhang
- College of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Chongwen Zuo
- College of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Shumin Bo
- College of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shumin Bo,
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Square-Stepping Exercise Program Effects on Fall-Related Fitness and BDNF Levels in Older Adults in Korea: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127033. [PMID: 35742280 PMCID: PMC9222997 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The risk of dementia increases with age. To mitigate this risk, we examined the effect of a square-stepping exercise (SSE) program on fall-related fitness and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. Twenty older adults in Korea were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group (each group n = 10). Participants performed SSE for 70 min per session, twice a week, for 12 weeks with a certified instructor. The average age of the participants was 74.80 ± 6.763 years in the exercise group and 72.50 ± 6.519 years in the control group. The experiment group showed significant improvement (p < 0.01) in the lower muscle strength post-intervention. The paired t-test revealed a significant improvement (p < 0.01) in the experimental group and a significant difference in the interaction effect (p < 0.01) in the BDNF levels. There was a significant improvement (p < 0.05) in the BDNF levels in the experimental group and a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the control group. The SSE program had a positive effect on fall-related fitness and BDNF levels.
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Marko DM, MacPherson REK. APP Processing: A Biochemical Competition Influenced by Exercise-Induced Signaling Mediators? Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 323:R169-R180. [PMID: 35608263 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00297.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), are becoming more common in aging our society. One specific neuropathological hallmark of this disease is excessive accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, which can aggregate to form the plaques commonly associated with this disease. These plaques are often observed well before clinical diagnosis of AD. At the cellular level, both production and aggregation of Aβ peptides in the brain is detrimental to neuronal cell production, survival, and function, as well as often resulting in neuronal dysfunction and death. Exercise and physical activity have been shown to improve overall health, including brain health, and in the last several years there has been evidence to support that exercise may be able to regulate Aβ peptide production in the brain. Exercise promotes the release of a wide array of signaling mediators from various metabolically active tissues and organs in the body. These exercise-induced signaling mediators could be the driving force behind some of the beneficial effects observed in brain with exercise. This review will aim to discuss potential exercise-induced signaling mediators with the capacity to influence various proteins involved in the formation of Aβ peptide production in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Marko
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca E K MacPherson
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
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Mazo CE, Miranda ER, Shadiow J, Vesia M, Haus JM. High Intensity Acute Aerobic Exercise Elicits Alterations in Circulating and Skeletal Muscle Tissue Expression of Neuroprotective Exerkines. Brain Plast 2022; 8:5-18. [DOI: 10.3233/bpl-220137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cathepsin B (CTSB) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are increased with aerobic exercise (AE) and skeletal muscle has been identified as a potential source of secretion. However, the intensity of AE and the potential for skeletal muscle contributions to circulating CTSB and BDNF have not been fully studied in humans. Objective: Determine the effects of AE intensity on circulating and skeletal muscle CTSB and BDNF expression profiles. Methods: Young healthy subjects (n = 16) completed treadmill-based AE consisting of VO2max and calorie-matched acute AE sessions at 40%, 65% and 80% VO2max. Fasting serum was obtained before and 30-minutes after each bout of exercise. Skeletal muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) were taken before, 30-minutes and 3-hours after the 80% bout. Circulating CTSB and BDNF were assayed in serum. CTSB protein, BDNF protein and mRNA expression were measured in skeletal muscle tissue. Results: Serum CTSB increased by 20±7% (p = 0.02) and 30±18% (p = 0.04) after 80% and VO2max AE bouts, respectively. Serum BDNF showed a small non-significant increase (6±3%; p = 0.09) after VO2max. In skeletal muscle tissue, proCTSB increased 3 h-post AE (87±26%; p < 0.01) with no change in CTSB gene expression. Mature BDNF protein decreased (31±35%; p = 0.03) while mRNA expression increased (131±41%; p < 0.01) 3 h-post AE. Skeletal muscle fiber typing revealed that type IIa and IIx fibers display greater BDNF expression compared to type I (p = 0.02 and p < 0.01, respectively). Conclusions: High intensity AE elicits greater increases in circulating CTSB compared with lower intensities. Skeletal muscle protein and gene expression corroborate the potential role of skeletal muscle in generating and releasing neuroprotective exerkines into the circulation. NEW AND NOTEWORTHY: 1) CTSB is enriched in the circulation in an aerobic exercise intensity dependent manner. 2) Skeletal muscle tissue expresses both message and protein of CTSB and BDNF. 3) BDNF is highly expressed in glycolytic skeletal muscle fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey E. Mazo
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Edwin R. Miranda
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James Shadiow
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael Vesia
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jacob M. Haus
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Andrzejewski M, Konefał M, Podgórski T, Pluta B, Chmura P, Chmura J, Marynowicz J, Melka K, Brazaitis M, Kryściak J. How training loads in the preparation and competitive period affect the biochemical indicators of training stress in youth soccer players? PeerJ 2022; 10:e13367. [PMID: 35539014 PMCID: PMC9080429 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Physical fitness optimization and injury risk-reducing require extensive monitoring of training loads and athletes' fatigue status. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a 6-month training program on the training-related stress indicators (creatine kinase - CK; cortisol - COR; serotonin - SER; brain-derived neurotrophic factor - BDNF) in youth soccer players. Methods Eighteen players (17.8 ± 0.9 years old, body height 181.6 ± 6.9 cm, training experience 9.7 ± 1.7 years) were blood-tested four times: at the start of the preparation period (T0), immediately following the preparation period (T1), mid-competitive period (T2), and at the end of the competitive period (T3). CK activity as well as concentrations of serum COR, SER and BDNF were determined. Training loads were recorded using a session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE). Results Statistical analyzes revealed significant effects for all biochemical parameters in relation to their time measurements (T0, T1, T2, T3). The statistical analyzes of sRPE and differences of biochemical parameters in their subsequent measurements (T0-T1, T1-T2, T2-T3) also demonstrated significant effects observed for all variables: sRPE (HKW = 13.189 (df = 2); p = 0.00), COR (HKW = 9.261 (df = 2); p = 0.01), CK (HKW = 12.492 (df = 2); p = 0.00), SER (HKW = 7.781 (df = 2); p = 0.02) and BDNF (HKW = 15.160 (df = 2); p < 0.001). Discussion In conclusion, it should be stated that the most demanding training loads applied in the preparation period (highest sRPE values) resulted in a significant increase in all analyzed biochemical training stress indicators. The reduction in the training loads during a competitive period and the addition of recovery training sessions resulted in a systematic decrease in the values of the measured biochemical indicators. The results of the study showed that both subjective and objective markers, including training loads, are useful in monitoring training stress in youth soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Andrzejewski
- Department of Methodology of Recreation, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marek Konefał
- Department of Biological and Motor Sport Bases, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz Podgórski
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Beata Pluta
- Department of Methodology of Recreation, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Chmura
- Department of Team Games, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jan Chmura
- Department of Biological and Motor Sport Bases, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jakub Marynowicz
- Department of Theory and Methodology of Team Sport Games, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Kamil Melka
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marius Brazaitis
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jakub Kryściak
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
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Nishimura Y, Nakamura T, Kamijo YI, Arakawa H, Umemoto Y, Kinoshita T, Sakurai Y, Tajima F. Increased serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor following wheelchair half marathon race in individuals with spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med 2022; 45:455-460. [PMID: 33054672 PMCID: PMC9135440 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2020.1816402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has beneficial effects on metabolism as well as the peripheral and central nervous systems. The aim of this study was to assess the response of serum BDNF concentration ([BDNF]s) to wheelchair half marathon race in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).Design: Prospective observational study.Setting: The 34th Oita International Wheelchair Marathon Race in Japan.Participants: Nine cervical SCIs (CSCI) and 8 thoracic and lumber SCIs (LSCI) male athletes. Interventions: Wheelchair half-Marathon Race.Outcome measures: [BDNF]s, plasma concentrations of adrenaline ([Ad]p), noradrenaline ([Nor]p), and cortisol ([Cor]p), hematocrit, and platelet count were measured the day before, immediately after, and an hour after the race.Results: [BDNF]s increased significantly immediately after the race in both groups (CSCI; P = 0.0055, LSCI; P = 0.0312) but returned to the baseline levels at one hour after the race. However, [BDNF]s immediately and one hour after the race were significantly higher in LSCI than in CSCI (immediately after the race; P = 0.0037, 1 h after the race; P = 0.0206). Hematocrit and platelet count remained unchanged throughout the study. In LSCI, [Ad]p, [Nor]p and [Cor]p increased significantly immediately after and one hour after the race, compared with the baseline values (P < 0.05). On the other hand, these variables remained unchanged throughout the study in the CSCI.Conclusions: [BDNF]s increased significantly from the baseline in both LCSI and CSCI but was higher in LSCI than in CSCI immediately after and one hour after the race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihide Nishimura
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakamura
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshi-ichiro Kamijo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hideki Arakawa
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasunori Umemoto
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Tokio Kinoshita
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yuta Sakurai
- Research Center of Sports Medicine and Balneology, Nachikatsuura Balneologic Town Hospital, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Tajima
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan,Correspondence to: Fumihiro Tajima, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera Wakayama city, Wakayama641-8509, Japan; Ph: +81-73-441-0664.
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Hendy AM, Andrushko JW, Della Gatta PA, Teo WP. Acute Effects of High-Intensity Aerobic Exercise on Motor Cortical Excitability and Inhibition in Sedentary Adults. Front Psychol 2022; 13:814633. [PMID: 35369205 PMCID: PMC8967942 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.814633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation studies have demonstrated increased cortical facilitation and reduced inhibition following aerobic exercise, even when examining motor regions separate to the exercised muscle group. These changes in brain physiology following exercise may create favorable conditions for adaptive plasticity and motor learning. One candidate mechanism behind these benefits is the increase in brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) observed following exercise, which can be quantified from a venous blood draw. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in motor cortex excitability and inhibition of the upper limb, and circulating BDNF, following high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on a stationary bicycle. Nineteen sedentary adults participated in a randomized crossover design study involving a single bout of high-intensity interval cycling for 20 min or seated rest. Venous blood samples were collected, and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to stimulate the extensor carpi radialis (ECR), where motor evoked potentials (MEP) were recorded pre- and post-condition. Following exercise, there was a significant increase (29.1%, p < 0.001) in corticospinal excitability measured at 120% of resting motor threshold (RMT) and a reduction in short-interval cortical inhibition (SICI quantified as 86.2% increase in the SICI ratio, p = 0.002). There was a non-significant (p = 0.125) 23.6% increase in BDNF levels. Collectively, these results reflect a net reduction in gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic synaptic transmission and increased glutamatergic facilitation, resulting in increased corticospinal excitability. This study supports the notion that acute high-intensity exercise provides a potent stimulus for inducing cortical neuroplasticity, which may support enhanced motor learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee M. Hendy
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Ashlee M. Hendy,
| | - Justin W. Andrushko
- Brain Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paul A. Della Gatta
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Wei-Peng Teo
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Motor Behaviour Laboratory, Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Malcolm R, Cooper S, Folland JP, Tyler CJ, Sunderland C. The Influence of a Competitive Field Hockey Match on Cognitive Function. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:829924. [PMID: 35308610 PMCID: PMC8930852 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.829924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the known positive effects of acute exercise on cognition, the effects of a competitive team sport match are unknown. In a randomized crossover design, 20 female and 17 male field hockey players (19.7 ± 1.2 years) completed a battery of cognitive tests (Visual Search, Stroop, Corsi Blocks, and Rapid Visual Information Processing) prior to, at half-time, and immediately following a competitive match (or control trial of seated rest); with effect sizes (ES) presented as raw ES from mixed effect models. Blood samples were collected prior to and following the match and control trial, and analyzed for adrenaline, noradrenaline, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cathepsin B, and cortisol. The match improved response times for a simple perception task at full-time (ES = –14 ms; P < 0.01) and response times on the complex executive function task improved at half-time (ES = –44 ms; P < 0.01). Working memory declined at full-time on the match (ES = –0.6 blocks; P < 0.01). The change in working memory was negatively correlated with increases in cortisol (r = –0.314, P = 0.01; medium), as was the change in simple perception response time and the change in noradrenaline concentration (r = –0.284, P = 0.01; small to medium). This study is the first to highlight the effects a competitive hockey match can have on cognition. These findings have implications for performance optimization, as understanding the influence on specific cognitive domains across a match allows for the investigation into strategies to improve these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Malcolm
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Rachel Malcolm,
| | - Simon Cooper
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P. Folland
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Tyler
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, Roehampton, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Sunderland
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Proessl F, Canino MC, Beckner ME, Conkright WR, LaGoy AD, Sinnott AM, Eagle SR, Martin BJ, Sterczala AJ, Roma PG, Dretsch MN, Mi Q, Ferrarelli F, Germain A, Connaboy C, Nindl BC, Flanagan SD. Use-dependent corticospinal excitability is associated with resilience and physical performance during simulated military operational stress. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:187-198. [PMID: 34855522 PMCID: PMC8791840 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00628.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simulated military operational stress (SMOS) provides a useful model to better understand resilience in humans as the stress associated with caloric restriction, sleep deficits, and fatiguing exertion degrades physical and cognitive performance. Habitual physical activity may confer resilience against these stressors by promoting favorable use-dependent neuroplasticity, but it is unclear how physical activity, resilience, and corticospinal excitability (CSE) relate during SMOS. To examine associations between corticospinal excitability, physical activity, and physical performance during SMOS. Fifty-three service members (age: 26 ± 5 yr, 13 women) completed a 5-day and -night intervention composed of familiarization, baseline, SMOS (2 nights/days), and recovery days. During SMOS, participants performed rigorous physical and cognitive activities while receiving half of normal sleep (two 2-h blocks) and caloric requirements. Lower and upper limb CSE were determined with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) stimulus-response curves. Self-reported resilience, physical activity, military-specific physical performance (TMT), and endocrine factors were compared in individuals with high (HIGH) and low CSE based on a median split of lower limb CSE at baseline. HIGH had greater physical activity and better TMT performance throughout SMOS. Both groups maintained physical performance despite substantial psychophysiological stress. Physical activity, resilience, and TMT performance were directly associated with lower limb CSE. Individual differences in physical activity coincide with lower (but not upper) limb CSE. Such use-dependent corticospinal excitability directly relates to resilience and physical performance during SMOS. Future studies may use noninvasive neuromodulation to clarify the interplay among CSE, physical activity, and resilience and improve physical and cognitive performance.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that individual differences in physical activity levels coincide with lower limb corticospinal excitability. Such use-dependent corticospinal excitability directly relates to resilience and physical performance during a 5-day simulation of military operational stress with caloric restriction, sleep restriction and disruption, and heavy physical and cognitive exertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Proessl
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - M. C. Canino
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - M. E. Beckner
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - W. R. Conkright
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - A. D. LaGoy
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,4Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - A. M. Sinnott
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - S. R. Eagle
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - B. J. Martin
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - A. J. Sterczala
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - P. G. Roma
- 2Behavioral Health & Performance Laboratory, Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, Human Health and Performance Directorate, NASA Johnson Space Center/KBR, Houston, Texas
| | - M. N. Dretsch
- 3U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-West, Walter Reed
Army Institute of Research, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington
| | - Qi Mi
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - F. Ferrarelli
- 4Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - A. Germain
- 4Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - C. Connaboy
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - B. C. Nindl
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - S. D. Flanagan
- 1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Pal M, Yadav A, Arya K, Malhari A, Meena R, Chatterjee T, Bhattacharyya D, Singh S. Effect of intense military exercise on physical proficiency and hormonal responses of soldiers: A pilot study. BLDE UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/bjhs.bjhs_14_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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40
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Bicarbonate supplementation via lactate efflux improves anaerobic and cognitive performance in elite combat sport athletes. Biol Sport 2021; 38:545-553. [PMID: 34937963 PMCID: PMC8670805 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2020.96320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was the assessment of sodium bicarbonate supplementation (NaHCO3-) on anaerobic and cognitive performance, assuming ergogenic effect of HCO3 by improving buffering capacity and greater lactate efflux, which may have indirect effect on circulating neurotrophin level (e.g BDNF, IGF-1) and memory. Sixteen well-trained judo athletes completed a randomized trial of either a NaHCO3- (EG) (5000 mg x 2/day/90 min before training)or placebo for 21 days (CG). Before and after treatment, athletes completed double Wingate test (Wt) protocol following which they performed perceived Working Memory test (pWM). Results suggested significant increase in Upper Limb Total Work (with p = 0.011), Mean Power (with p = 0.001), post exercise LA concentration (from 15.51 mmol/L to 18.10 mmol/L with p = 0.01) and HCO3rest concentrations (from 27.37 mmol/l to 28.91 mmol/l with p = 0.001), when compared to baseline values in EG. The analysis showed statistically significant increase in values for IGF-1 (with p = 0.001) and decrease for cortisol and BDNF (with p = 0.001) in EG and CG, when pre and post exercise values were compared. We also revealed statistically significant decrease in values for display time after ingestion of HCO3 between pre and post exercise (with p = 0.002) In conclusion, the lack of a substantial relationship between exerkines (IGF-1, BDNF) and memory in the present study might suggest that exercise induced lactate levels is dominant mechanism improving working memory in well-train athletes.
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Chu-Tan JA, Kirkby M, Natoli R. Running to save sight: The effects of exercise on retinal health and function. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 50:74-90. [PMID: 34741489 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of exercise to human health have long been recognised. However, only in the past decade have researchers started to discover the molecular benefits that exercise confers, especially to the central nervous system (CNS). These discoveries include the magnitude of molecular messages that are communicated from skeletal muscle to the CNS. Despite these advances in understanding, very limited studies have been conducted to decipher the molecular benefits of exercise in retinal health and disease. Here, we review the latest work on the effects of exercise on the retina and discuss its effects on the wider CNS, with a focus on demonstrating the potential applicability and comparative molecular mechanisms that may be occurring in the retina. This review covers the key molecular pathways where exercise exerts its effects: oxidative stress and mitochondrial health; inflammation; protein aggregation; neuronal health; and tissue crosstalk via extracellular vesicles. Further research on the benefits of exercise to the retina and its molecular messages within extracellular vesicles is highly topical in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Chu-Tan
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia.,The Australian National University Medical School, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
| | - Max Kirkby
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
| | - Riccardo Natoli
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia.,The Australian National University Medical School, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
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Simpson RJ, Boßlau TK, Weyh C, Niemiro GM, Batatinha H, Smith KA, Krüger K. Exercise and adrenergic regulation of immunity. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 97:303-318. [PMID: 34302965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training has a profound impact on immunity, exerting a multitude of positive effects in indications such as immunosenescence, cancer, viral infections and inflammatory diseases. The immune, endocrine and central nervous systems work in a highly synergistic manner and it has become apparent that catecholamine signaling through leukocyte β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) is a key mechanism by which exercise mediates improvements in immune function to help mitigate numerous disease conditions. Central to this is the preferential mobilization and redistribution of effector lymphocytes with potent anti-viral and anti-tumor activity, their interaction with muscle-derived cytokines, and the effects of catecholamine signaling on mitochondrial biogenesis, immunometabolism and the resulting inflammatory response. Here, we review the impact of acute and chronic exercise on adrenergic regulation of immunity in the context of aging, cancer, viral infections and inflammatory disease. We also put forth our contention that exercise interventions designed to improve immunity, prevent disease and reduce inflammation should consider the catecholamine-AR signaling axis as a therapeutic target and ask whether or not the adrenergic signaling machinery can be 'trained' to improve immune responses to stress, disease or during the normal physiological process of aging. Finally, we discuss potential strategies to augment leukocyte catecholamine signaling to boost the effects of exercise on immunity in individuals with desensitized β-ARs or limited exercise tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Simpson
- University of Arizona, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA; University of Arizona, Department of Pediatrics, Tucson, AZ, USA; University of Arizona, Department of Immunobiology, Tucson, AZ, USA; University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Tim K Boßlau
- University of Gießen, Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Gießen, Germany
| | - Christopher Weyh
- University of Gießen, Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Gießen, Germany
| | - Grace M Niemiro
- University of Arizona, Department of Pediatrics, Tucson, AZ, USA; University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Helena Batatinha
- University of Arizona, Department of Pediatrics, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Kyle A Smith
- University of Arizona, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA; University of Arizona, Department of Pediatrics, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Karsten Krüger
- University of Gießen, Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Gießen, Germany.
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Abstract
Dementia is an eurodegenerative disorder, which causes significant disability, especially among the elderly population worldwide. The affected person shows a progressive cognitive decline, which interferes with the independence in performing the activities of daily living. Other than the cognitive domain, the patient tends to have neuropsychiatric, behavioral, sensorimotor, speech, and language-related issues. It is expected that the global burden of the disease will rise with more people entering the geriatric age group. By 2050 close, to 140 million people will be living with one or the other type of dementia. Alzheimer's disease contributes to more than 60% of cases worldwide, followed by vascular dementia. Pharmacotherapy has a limited role to play in the treatment, and at present, no drug is available, which can halt or reverse the progress of the disease. World Health Organization has mandated rehabilitation as a core recommendation in the global action plan on the public health response to dementia. Rehabilitation services are widely recognized as a practical framework to maximize independence and community participation in dementia care. The rehabilitation program is customized to achieve the desired goals, as each person has different experiences, preferences, motivations, strengths, and requirements based on type, course, and severity of the illness. It is an interdisciplinary-team approach with the involvement of several health care professionals. This article reviews the existing literature and outlines the effective rehabilitation strategies concisely in dementia care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Gupta
- Dept. of Neurological Rehabilitation, NIMHANS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Naveen B Prakash
- Dept. of Neurological Rehabilitation, NIMHANS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Gourav Sannyasi
- Dept. of Neurological Rehabilitation, NIMHANS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Duffy D, Yourkavitch J, Bruinvels G, Rinaldi NJ, Wideman L. The development and initial validation of the Health and Reproductive Survey (HeRS). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 17:17455065211004814. [PMID: 34348519 PMCID: PMC8358484 DOI: 10.1177/17455065211004814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background: Due to the diversity in profiles associated with the female reproductive cycle and their potential physiological and psychological effects, monitoring the reproductive status of exercising females is important from a practical and research perspective. Moreover, as physical activity can influence menstrual function, the effects of physical activity energy expenditure on reproductive function should also be considered. Aim: The aim of this study was to develop and establish initial face and content validity of the Health and Reproductive Survey (HeRS) for physically active females, which is a retrospective assessment of menstrual function from menarche (first menstruation) to menopause (cessation of menstruation). Methods: Face validity was evaluated qualitatively, and the initial content validity was established through a principal component analysis. The face validity process was completed by 26 females aged 19–67 years and the content validity was established through a survey sent to a convenience sample of 392 females, of which 230 females (57.9% and aged 18–49 years) completed the survey. Results: The revisions made following the face validation improved the understanding, flow, and coherence of the survey. The principal component analysis indicated that, at a minimum, the survey measures these constructs: menstrual cessation and associated moderators, athletic participation and performance levels (as associated with menstruation change and the menstrual cycle), age and menstrual cessation, hormonal contraception (“birth control”), and menarche and associated moderators. Conclusion: The Health and Reproductive Survey (HeRS) is a partially validated tool that can be used by researchers to characterize the menstrual status of physically active females relative to their physical activity status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Duffy
- Center for Women's Health and Wellness, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.,Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer Yourkavitch
- Department of Public Health Education, University of North Carolina, at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Georgie Bruinvels
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St. Mary's University, Twickenham, UK.,Orreco, Business Innovation Unit, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nicola J Rinaldi
- NPNW Consulting, Lexington, MA, USA.,Antica Press LLC, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Laurie Wideman
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
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Marin Bosch B, Bringard A, Logrieco MG, Lauer E, Imobersteg N, Thomas A, Ferretti G, Schwartz S, Igloi K. A single session of moderate intensity exercise influences memory, endocannabinoids and brain derived neurotrophic factor levels in men. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14371. [PMID: 34257382 PMCID: PMC8277796 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93813-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular physical exercise enhances memory functions, synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. Likewise, short periods of exercise, or acute exercise, benefit hippocampal plasticity in rodents, via increased endocannabinoids (especially anandamide, AEA) and BDNF release. Yet, it remains unknown whether acute exercise has similar effects on BDNF and AEA levels in humans, with parallel influences on memory performance. Here we combined blood biomarkers, behavioral, and fMRI measurements to assess the impact of a single session of physical exercise on associative memory and underlying neurophysiological mechanisms in healthy male volunteers. For each participant, memory was tested after three conditions: rest, moderate or high intensity exercise. A long-term memory retest took place 3 months later. At both test and retest, memory performance after moderate intensity exercise was increased compared to rest. Memory after moderate intensity exercise correlated with exercise-induced increases in both AEA and BNDF levels: while AEA was associated with hippocampal activity during memory recall, BDNF enhanced hippocampal memory representations and long-term performance. These findings demonstrate that acute moderate intensity exercise benefits consolidation of hippocampal memory representations, and that endocannabinoids and BNDF signaling may contribute to the synergic modulation of underlying neural plasticity mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Marin Bosch
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Bringard
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland.,Pulmonology Division, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria G Logrieco
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Estelle Lauer
- Unit of Toxicology, CURML, Lausanne University Hospital and Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Imobersteg
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Thomas
- Unit of Toxicology, CURML, Lausanne University Hospital and Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Chemin Vulliette 4, 1000, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guido Ferretti
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Schwartz
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Geneva Neuroscience Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kinga Igloi
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Geneva Neuroscience Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Martínez-Díaz IC, Carrasco L. Neurophysiological Stress Response and Mood Changes Induced by High-Intensity Interval Training: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147320. [PMID: 34299775 PMCID: PMC8304833 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This pilot study, conducted in advance of a future definitive randomized controlled trial, aimed to investigate the feasibility of using a HIIT-based intervention to induce neurophysiological stress responses that could be associated with possible changes in mood. Twenty-five active male college students with an average age of 21.7 ± 2.1 years, weight 72.6 ± 8.4 kg, height 177 ± 6.1 cm, and BMI: 23.1 ± 1.4 kg/m2 took part in this quasi-experimental pilot study in which they were evaluated in two different sessions. In the first session, subjects performed a graded exercise test to determine the cycling power output corresponding to VO2peak. The second session consisted of (a) pre-intervention assessment (collection of blood samples for measuring plasma corticotropin and cortisol levels, and application of POMS questionnaire to evaluate mood states); (b) exercise intervention (10 × 1-min of cycling at VO2peak power output); (c) post-intervention assessment, and (d) 30-min post-intervention evaluation. Significant post-exercise increases in corticotropin and cortisol plasma levels were observed whereas mood states decreased significantly at this assessment time-point. However, a significant increase in mood was found 30-min after exercise. Finally, significant relationships between increases in stress hormones concentrations and changes in mood states after intense exercise were observed. In conclusion, our HIIT-based intervention was feasible to deliver and acceptable to participants. A single bout of HIIT induced acute changes in mood states that seems to be associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation.
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Hermann R, Schaller A, Lay D, Bloch W, Albus C, Petrowski K. Effect of acute psychosocial stress on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor in humans - a randomized cross within trial. Stress 2021; 24:442-449. [PMID: 33236949 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2020.1854218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in the plasticity and development of the central nervous system. Thereby the protein synthesis is highly related to neuronal activity, and its signaling pathways are associated with several substances like, e.g. glucocorticoids, which seem to be able to activate BDNF-Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB). While there is evidence that acute physical stress can result in advantageous physiological outcomes like an enhanced BDNF level, outcome parameters in response to psychosocial stress are primarily focused on psychological parameters. The existing literature pointing on the impact of acute psychosocial stress on physiological parameters is controversial and differs depending on the species, the stressor used, and the study methodology. It was hypothesized that an acute standardized psychosocial stressor would increase the BDNF level and therefore show beneficial physiological outcome parameters through psychosocial stress. The serum BDNF levels of 32 healthy young males (M = 24.31 years of age, SD = 3.35), who performed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), were assessed and compared to a control condition. To prove the stress-generating effect of the TSST, additional cortisol levels were measured. Acute psychosocial stress significantly increased the serum BDNF- and the cortisol-level, whereby no alteration was found during the control. This study expands the rare literature focusing on the effect of an acute standardized psychosocial stressor on the BDNF level in healthy humans, including a control condition. Implications for future studies are being discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Hermann
- Working group physical activity-related preventive research, Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement-oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation, German Sport University Cologne, Koln, Germany
- Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medicine Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Schaller
- Working group physical activity-related preventive research, Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement-oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation, German Sport University Cologne, Koln, Germany
| | - Daniel Lay
- Department Preventative and Rehabilitative Sports and Performance Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Albus
- Clinic and Policlinic for Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Katja Petrowski
- Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medicine Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Effects of Padel Competition on Brain Health-Related Myokines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18116042. [PMID: 34199730 PMCID: PMC8200019 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Padel is becoming one of the most widespread racket sports that may have potential health benefits. Considering that several myokines mediate the cross-talk between skeletal muscles and the brain, exerting positive effects on brain health status, this study was designed to evaluate the responses of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and irisin (IR) to padel competition in trained players and to determine whether these responses were sex-dependent. Twenty-four trained padel players (14 women and 10 men with a mean age of 27.8 ± 6.3 years) participated voluntarily in this study. Circulating levels of BDNF, LIF, and IR were assessed before and after simulated padel competition (real playing time, 27.8 ± 8.49 min; relative intensity, 75.2 ± 7.9% maximum heart rate). Except for BDNF responses observed in female players (increasing from 1531.12 ± 269.09 to 1768.56 ± 410.75 ng/mL), no significant changes in LIF and IR concentrations were reported after padel competition. In addition, no sex-related differences were found. Moreover, significant associations between IR and BDNF were established at both pre- and post-competition. Our results suggest that while competitive padel practice stimulates BDNF response in female players, padel competition failed to boost the release of LIF and IR. Future studies are needed to further explore the role of these exercise-induced myokines in the regulation of brain functions and to identify the field sports that can contribute to myokine-mediated muscle–brain crosstalk.
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Moitinho-Silva L, Wegener M, May S, Schrinner F, Akhtar A, Boysen TJ, Schaeffer E, Hansen C, Schmidt T, Rühlemann MC, Hübenthal M, Rausch P, Kondakci MT, Maetzler W, Weidinger S, Laudes M, Süß P, Schulte D, Junker R, Sommer F, Weisser B, Bang C, Franke A. Short-term physical exercise impacts on the human holobiont obtained by a randomised intervention study. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:162. [PMID: 34078289 PMCID: PMC8170780 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02214-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human well-being has been linked to the composition and functional capacity of the intestinal microbiota. As regular exercise is known to improve human health, it is not surprising that exercise was previously described to positively modulate the gut microbiota, too. However, most previous studies mainly focused on either elite athletes or animal models. Thus, we conducted a randomised intervention study that focused on the effects of different types of training (endurance and strength) in previously physically inactive, healthy adults in comparison to controls that did not perform regular exercise. Overall study duration was ten weeks including six weeks of intervention period. In addition to 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of longitudinally sampled faecal material of participants (six time points), detailed body composition measurements and analysis of blood samples (at baseline and after the intervention) were performed to obtain overall physiological changes within the intervention period. Activity tracker devices (wrist-band wearables) provided activity status and sleeping patterns of participants as well as exercise intensity and heart measurements. RESULTS Different biometric responses between endurance and strength activities were identified, such as a significant increase of lymphocytes and decrease of mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) only within the strength intervention group. In the endurance group, we observed a significant reduction in hip circumference and an increase in physical working capacity (PWC). Though a large variation of microbiota changes were observed between individuals of the same group, we did not find specific collective alterations in the endurance nor the strength groups, arguing for microbiome variations specific to individuals, and therefore, were not captured in our analysis. CONCLUSIONS We could show that different types of exercise have distinct but moderate effects on the overall physiology of humans and very distinct microbial changes in the gut. The observed overall changes during the intervention highlight the importance of physical activity on well-being. Future studies should investigate the effect of exercise on a longer timescale, investigate different training intensities and consider high-resolution shotgun metagenomics technology. TRIAL REGISTRATION DRKS, DRKS00015873 . Registered 12 December 2018; Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Moitinho-Silva
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Quincke Research Center, University Hospital Schleswig- Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michelle Wegener
- Institute of Sport Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sandra May
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Florian Schrinner
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Awais Akhtar
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Teide J Boysen
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Eva Schaeffer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
| | - Clint Hansen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
| | - Timo Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
| | - Malte C Rühlemann
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Hübenthal
- Department of Dermatology, Quincke Research Center, University Hospital Schleswig- Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philipp Rausch
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mustafa T Kondakci
- Institute of Sport Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Walter Maetzler
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
| | - Stephan Weidinger
- Department of Dermatology, Quincke Research Center, University Hospital Schleswig- Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Laudes
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
| | - Philip Süß
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
| | - Dominik Schulte
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
| | - Ralf Junker
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Felix Sommer
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Burkhard Weisser
- Institute of Sport Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Corinna Bang
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany. .,Department of Dermatology, Quincke Research Center, University Hospital Schleswig- Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
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Murawska-Ciałowicz E, de Assis GG, Clemente FM, Feito Y, Stastny P, Zuwała-Jagiełło J, Bibrowicz B, Wolański P. Effect of four different forms of high intensity training on BDNF response to Wingate and Graded Exercise Test. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8599. [PMID: 33883635 PMCID: PMC8060323 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88069-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of a nine-week intervention of four different high-intensity training modalities [high-intensity functional training (HIFT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), high-intensity power training (HIPT), and high-intensity endurance training (HIET)] on the resting concentration of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF). In addition, we evaluated the BDNF responses to Graded Exercise Test (GXT) and Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) in men. Thirty-five healthy individuals with body mass index 25.55 ± 2.35 kg/m2 voluntarily participated in this study and were randomly assigned into four training groups. During nine-weeks they completed three exercise sessions per week for one-hour. BDNF was analyzed before and after a GXT and WAnT in two stages: (stage 0-before training and stage 9-after nine weeks of training). At stage 0, an increase in BDNF concentration was observed in HIFT (33%; p < 0.05), HIPT (36%; p < 0.05) and HIIT (38%; p < 0.05) after GXT. Even though HIET showed an increase in BDNF (10%) this was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). At stage 9, higher BDNF levels after GXT were seen only for the HIFT (30%; p < 0.05) and HIIT (18%; p < 0.05) groups. Reduction in BDNF levels were noted after the WAnT in stage 0 for HIFT (- 47%; p < 0.01), HIPT (- 49%; p < 0.001), HIET (- 18%; p < 0.05)], with no changes in the HIIT group (- 2%). At stage 9, BDNF was also reduced after WAnT, although these changes were lower compared to stage 0. The reduced level of BDNF was noted in the HIFT (- 28%; p < 0.05), and HIPT (- 19%;p < 0.05) groups. Additionally, all groups saw an improvement in VO2max (8%; p < 0.001), while BDNF was also correlated with lactate and minute ventilation and selected WAnT parameters. Our research has shown that resting values of BDNF after nine weeks of different forms of high-intensity training (HIT) have not changed or were reduced. Resting BDNF measured at 3th (before GXT at stage 9) and 6th day after long lasting HITs (before WAnT at stage 9) did not differed (before GXT), but in comparison to the resting value before WAnT at the baseline state, was lower in three groups. It appears that BDNF levels after one bout of exercise is depended on duration time, intensity and type of test/exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gilmara Gomes de Assis
- Department of Molecular Biology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, PAN, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto E Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana Do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Yuri Feito
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, USA
| | - Petr Stastny
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Paweł Wolański
- Physiology and Biochemistry Department, University School of Physical Education, Wrocław, Poland
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