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Xue L, Bocharova M, Young AH, Aarsland D. Cognitive improvement in late-life depression treated with vortioxetine and duloxetine in an eight-week randomized controlled trial: The role of age at first onset and change in depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord 2024; 361:74-81. [PMID: 38838790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age at first onset of depression as a clinical factor affecting cognitive improvement in late life depression was investigated. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of an eight-week randomized controlled trial involving 452 elderly patients treated by vortioxetine, duloxetine or placebo (1:1:1). Patients were subcategorized into early-onset (LLD-EO) and late-onset (LLD-LO) groups divided by onset age of 50. Cognitive performance was assessed by composite score of Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) tasks, while depressive symptoms were assessed by Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). RESULTS Vortioxetine and duloxetine exhibited advantages versus placebo in improving cognitive performance in the LLD-LO group, yet not in the LLD-EO group after eight weeks. Patients in the LLD-EO group showed overall advantage to placebo in depressive symptoms before endpoint (week 8) of treatment, while patients in the LLO-LO group showed no advantage until endpoint. Path analysis suggested a direct effect of vortioxetine (B = 0.656, p = .036) and duloxetine (B = 0.726, p = .028) on improving cognition in the LLD-LO group, yet in all-patients treated set both medications improved cognition indirectly through changes of depressive symptoms. LIMITATION Reliability of clinical history could raise caution as it was collected by subjective recall of patients. CONCLUSION Age at first onset might affect cognitive improvement as well as change in depressive symptoms and its mediation towards cognitive improvement in late life depression treated with vortioxetine and duloxetine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Xue
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
| | - Mariia Bocharova
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Allan H Young
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
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Jezsó B, Kálmán S, Farkas KG, Hathy E, Vincze K, Kovács-Schoblocher D, Lilienberg J, Tordai C, Nemoda Z, Homolya L, Apáti Á, Réthelyi JM. Haloperidol, Olanzapine, and Risperidone Induce Morphological Changes in an In Vitro Model of Human Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:688. [PMID: 38927091 PMCID: PMC11201986 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) based neuronal differentiation is valuable for studying neuropsychiatric disorders and pharmacological mechanisms at the cellular level. We aimed to examine the effects of typical and atypical antipsychotics on human iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs). METHODS Proliferation and neurite outgrowth were measured by live cell imaging, and gene expression levels related to neuronal identity were analyzed by RT-QPCR and immunocytochemistry during differentiation into hippocampal dentate gyrus granule cells following treatment of low- and high-dose antipsychotics (haloperidol, olanzapine, and risperidone). RESULTS Antipsychotics did not modify the growth properties of NPCs after 3 days of treatment. However, the characteristics of neurite outgrowth changed significantly in response to haloperidol and olanzapine. After three weeks of differentiation, mRNA expression levels of the selected neuronal markers increased (except for MAP2), while antipsychotics caused only subtle changes. Additionally, we found no changes in MAP2 or GFAP protein expression levels as a result of antipsychotic treatment. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, antipsychotic medications promoted neurogenesis in vitro by influencing neurite outgrowth rather than changing cell survival or gene expression. This study provides insights into the effects of antipsychotics on neuronal differentiation and highlights the importance of considering neurite outgrowth as a potential target of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Jezsó
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN RCNS, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (B.J.)
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- ELTE-MTA “Momentum” Motor Enzymology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sára Kálmán
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, Szentháromság utca 5., H-6722 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Kiara Gitta Farkas
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN RCNS, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (B.J.)
| | - Edit Hathy
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN RCNS, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (B.J.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa utca 6., H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Vincze
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN RCNS, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (B.J.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa utca 6., H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Julianna Lilienberg
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN RCNS, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (B.J.)
| | - Csongor Tordai
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN RCNS, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (B.J.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa utca 6., H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Nemoda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa utca 6., H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Homolya
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN RCNS, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (B.J.)
| | - Ágota Apáti
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN RCNS, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (B.J.)
| | - János M. Réthelyi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa utca 6., H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
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Savarimuthu A, Ponniah RJ. Cognition and Cognitive Reserve. Integr Psychol Behav Sci 2024; 58:483-501. [PMID: 38279076 DOI: 10.1007/s12124-024-09821-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Cognition is a mental process that provides the ability to think, know, and learn. Though cognitive skills are necessary to do daily tasks and activities, cognitive aging causes changes in various cognitive functions. Cognitive abilities that are preserved and strengthened by experience can be kept as a reserve and utilized when necessary. The concept of reserving cognition was found when people with Alzheimer's disease had differences in clinical manifestations and cognitive functions. The cognitive reserve builds resilience against cognitive decline and improves the quality of life. Also, several lines of studies have found that the plasticity between neurons has a significant impact on cognitive reserve and acts against cognitive decline. To extend the findings, the present study provides a comprehensive understanding of cognitive reserve and the variables that are involved in maintaining cognition. The study also considers reading as one of the cognitive proxies that develops and maintains cognitive reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Savarimuthu
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India
- Department of English, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, India
| | - R Joseph Ponniah
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India.
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Azargoonjahromi A, Abutalebian F, Hoseinpour F. The role of resveratrol in neurogenesis: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae025. [PMID: 38511504 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Resveratrol (RV) is a natural compound found in grapes, wine, berries, and peanuts and has potential health benefits-namely, neurogenesis improvement. Neurogenesis, which is the process through which new neurons or nerve cells are generated in the brain, occurs in the subventricular zone and hippocampus and is influenced by various factors. RV has been shown to increase neural stem cell proliferation and survival, improving cognitive function in hippocampus-dependent tasks. Thus, to provide a convergent and unbiased conclusion of the available evidence on the correlation between the RV and neurogenesis, a systematic review needs to be undertaken meticulously and with appropriate attention. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to systematically review any potential connection between the RV and neurogenesis in animal models. DATA SOURCES AND EXTRACTION Based on the particular selection criteria, 8 original animal studies that investigated the relationship between RV and neurogenesis were included. Studies written in English and published in peer-reviewed journals with no restrictions on the starting date of publication on August 17, 2023, were searched in the Google Scholar and PubMed databases. Furthermore, data were extracted and analyzed independently by 2 researchers and then reviewed by a third researcher, and discrepancies were resolved by consensus. This project followed PRISMA reporting standards. DATA ANALYSIS In the studies analyzed in this review, there is a definite correlation between RV and neurogenesis, meaning that RV intake, irrespective of the mechanisms thereof, can boost neurogenesis in both the subventricular zone and hippocampus. CONCLUSION This finding, albeit with some limitations, provides a plausible indication of RV's beneficial function in neurogenesis. Indeed, RV intake may result in neurogenesis benefits-namely, cognitive function, mood regulation, stress resilience, and neuroprotection, potentially preventing cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Abutalebian
- Department of Biotechnology and Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Tehran Central Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hoseinpour
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Semnan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Semnan, Iran
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Willinger Y, Friedland Cohen DR, Turgeman G. Exogenous IL-17A Alleviates Social Behavior Deficits and Increases Neurogenesis in a Murine Model of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:432. [PMID: 38203599 PMCID: PMC10779042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the proposed mechanisms for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is immune dysregulation. The proinflammatory cytokine Interleukine-17A (IL-17A) was shown to play a key role in mediating immune-related neurodevelopmental impairment of social behavior. Nevertheless, post-developmental administration of IL-17A was found to increase social behavior. In the present study, we explored the effect of post-developmental administration of IL-17A on ASD-like behaviors induced by developmental exposure to valproic acid (VPA) at postnatal day 4. At the age of seven weeks, VPA-exposed mice were intravenously injected twice with recombinant murine IL-17A (8 μg), and a week later, they were assessed for ASD-like behavior. IL-17A administration increased social behavior and alleviated the ASD-like phenotype. Behavioral changes were associated with increased serum levels of IL-17 and Th17-related cytokines. Exogenous IL-17A also increased neuritogenesis in the dendritic tree of doublecortin-expressing newly formed neurons in the dentate gyrus. Interestingly, the effect of IL-17A on neuritogenesis was more noticeable in females than in males, suggesting a sex-dependent effect of IL-17A. In conclusion, our study suggests a complex role for IL-17A in ASD. While contributing to its pathology at the developmental stage, IL-17 may also promote the alleviation of behavioral deficits post-developmentally by promoting neuritogenesis and synaptogenesis in the dentate gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehoshua Willinger
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (Y.W.); (D.R.F.C.)
| | - Daniella R. Friedland Cohen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (Y.W.); (D.R.F.C.)
| | - Gadi Turgeman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (Y.W.); (D.R.F.C.)
- The Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
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Wu A, Zhang J. Neuroinflammation, memory, and depression: new approaches to hippocampal neurogenesis. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:283. [PMID: 38012702 PMCID: PMC10683283 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02964-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of most common and severe mental disorders, major depressive disorder (MDD) significantly increases the risks of premature death and other medical conditions for patients. Neuroinflammation is the abnormal immune response in the brain, and its correlation with MDD is receiving increasing attention. Neuroinflammation has been reported to be involved in MDD through distinct neurobiological mechanisms, among which the dysregulation of neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus (HPC) is receiving increasing attention. The DG of the hippocampus is one of two niches for neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain, and neurotrophic factors are fundamental regulators of this neurogenesis process. The reported cell types involved in mediating neuroinflammation include microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, meningeal leukocytes, and peripheral immune cells which selectively penetrate the blood-brain barrier and infiltrate into inflammatory regions. This review summarizes the functions of the hippocampus affected by neuroinflammation during MDD progression and the corresponding influences on the memory of MDD patients and model animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbiao Wu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jiyan Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Mattova S, Simko P, Urbanska N, Kiskova T. Bioactive Compounds and Their Influence on Postnatal Neurogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16614. [PMID: 38068936 PMCID: PMC10706651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Since postnatal neurogenesis was revealed to have significant implications for cognition and neurological health, researchers have been increasingly exploring the impact of natural compounds on this process, aiming to uncover strategies for enhancing brain plasticity. This review provides an overview of postnatal neurogenesis, neurogenic zones, and disorders characterized by suppressed neurogenesis and neurogenesis-stimulating bioactive compounds. Examining recent studies, this review underscores the multifaceted effects of natural compounds on postnatal neurogenesis. In essence, understanding the interplay between postnatal neurogenesis and natural compounds could bring novel insights into brain health interventions. Exploiting the therapeutic abilities of these compounds may unlock innovative approaches to enhance cognitive function, mitigate neurodegenerative diseases, and promote overall brain well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Terezia Kiskova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 041 54 Kosice, Slovakia; (S.M.); (P.S.); (N.U.)
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8
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Melnik BC. Acne Transcriptomics: Fundamentals of Acne Pathogenesis and Isotretinoin Treatment. Cells 2023; 12:2600. [PMID: 37998335 PMCID: PMC10670572 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This review on acne transcriptomics allows for deeper insights into the pathogenesis of acne and isotretinoin's mode of action. Puberty-induced insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin and androgen signaling activate the kinase AKT and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). A Western diet (hyperglycemic carbohydrates and milk/dairy products) also co-stimulates AKT/mTORC1 signaling. The AKT-mediated phosphorylation of nuclear FoxO1 and FoxO3 results in their extrusion into the cytoplasm, a critical switch which enhances the transactivation of lipogenic and proinflammatory transcription factors, including androgen receptor (AR), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), but reduces the FoxO1-dependent expression of GATA binding protein 6 (GATA6), the key transcription factor for infundibular keratinocyte homeostasis. The AKT-mediated phosphorylation of the p53-binding protein MDM2 promotes the degradation of p53. In contrast, isotretinoin enhances the expression of p53, FoxO1 and FoxO3 in the sebaceous glands of acne patients. The overexpression of these proapoptotic transcription factors explains isotretinoin's desirable sebum-suppressive effect via the induction of sebocyte apoptosis and the depletion of BLIMP1(+) sebocyte progenitor cells; it also explains its adverse effects, including teratogenicity (neural crest cell apoptosis), a reduced ovarian reserve (granulosa cell apoptosis), the risk of depression (the apoptosis of hypothalamic neurons), VLDL hyperlipidemia, intracranial hypertension and dry skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany
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Oginga FO, Mpofana T. The impact of early life stress and schizophrenia on motor and cognitive functioning: an experimental study. Front Integr Neurosci 2023; 17:1251387. [PMID: 37928003 PMCID: PMC10622780 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2023.1251387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early life stress (ELS) and parental psychopathology, such as schizophrenia (SZ), have been associated with altered neurobiological and behavioral outcomes later in life. Previous studies have investigated the effects of ELS and parental SZ on various aspects of behavior, however, we have studied the combined effects of these stressors and how they interact, as individuals in real-life situations may experience multiple stressors simultaneously. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of ELS and schizophrenia on locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, exploratory tendencies, and spatial memory in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Methods Male and female SD pups were randomly assigned to eight groups: control, ELS, schizophrenia, and ELS + schizophrenia. ELS was induced by prenatal stress (maternal stress) and maternal separation (MS) during the first 2 weeks of life, while SZ was induced by subcutaneous administration of ketamine. Behavioral tests included an open field test (OFT) for motor abilities and a Morris water maze (MWM) for cognitive abilities. ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests were utilized to analyze the data. Results Our results show that ELS and parental psychopathology had enduring effects on SZ symptoms, particularly psychomotor retardation (p < 0.05). The OFT revealed increased anxiety-like behavior in the ELS group (p = 0.023) and the parental psychopathology group (p = 0.017) compared to controls. The combined ELS and parental psychopathology group exhibited the highest anxiety-like behavior (p = 0.006). The MWM analysis indicated impaired spatial memory in the ELS group (p = 0.012) and the combined ELS and parental psychopathology group (p = 0.003) compared to controls. Significantly, the exposure to ELS resulted in a decrease in the population of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive (GFAP+) astrocytes. However, this effect was reversed by positive parental mental health. Conclusion Our findings highlight the interactive effects of ELS and parental psychopathology on anxiety-like behavior and spatial memory in rats. ELS was linked to increased anxiety-like behavior, while SZ was associated with anhedonia-like behavior. Positive parenting augments neuroplasticity, synaptic function, and overall cognitive capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick Otieno Oginga
- Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thabisile Mpofana
- Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Bio-molecular & Chemical Sciences Mandela University, University Way, Summerstrand, Gqeberha, South Africa
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Rutigliano G, Bertolini A, Grittani N, Frascarelli S, Carnicelli V, Ippolito C, Moscato S, Mattii L, Kusmic C, Saba A, Origlia N, Zucchi R. Effect of Combined Levothyroxine (L-T 4) and 3-Iodothyronamine (T 1AM) Supplementation on Memory and Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in a Mouse Model of Hypothyroidism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13845. [PMID: 37762153 PMCID: PMC10530993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mood alterations, anxiety, and cognitive impairments associated with adult-onset hypothyroidism often persist despite replacement treatment. In rodent models of hypothyroidism, replacement does not bring 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM) brain levels back to normal. T1AM is a thyroid hormone derivative with cognitive effects. Using a pharmacological hypothyroid mouse model, we investigated whether augmenting levothyroxine (L-T4) with T1AM improves behavioural correlates of depression, anxiety, and memory and has an effect on hippocampal neurogenesis. Hypothyroid mice showed impaired performance in the novel object recognition test as compared to euthyroid mice (discrimination index (DI): 0.02 ± 0.09 vs. 0.29 ± 0.06; t = 2.515, p = 0.02). L-T4 and L-T4+T1AM rescued memory (DI: 0.27 ± 0.08 and 0.34 ± 0.08, respectively), while T1AM had no effect (DI: -0.01 ± 0.10). Hypothyroidism reduced the number of neuroprogenitors in hippocampal neurogenic niches by 20%. L-T4 rescued the number of neuroprogenitors (mean diff = 106.9 ± 21.40, t = 4.99, pcorr = 0.003), while L-T4+T1AM produced a 30.61% rebound relative to euthyroid state (mean diff = 141.6 ± 31.91, t = 4.44, pcorr = 0.004). We performed qPCR analysis of 88 genes involved in neurotrophic signalling pathways and found an effect of treatment on the expression of Ngf, Kdr, Kit, L1cam, Ntf3, Mapk3, and Neurog2. Our data confirm that L-T4 is necessary and sufficient for recovering memory and hippocampal neurogenesis deficits associated with hypothyroidism, while we found no evidence to support the role of non-canonical TH signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Rutigliano
- Institute of Clinical Science, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.B.); (N.G.); (S.F.); (V.C.); (A.S.); (R.Z.)
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Andrea Bertolini
- Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.B.); (N.G.); (S.F.); (V.C.); (A.S.); (R.Z.)
| | - Nicoletta Grittani
- Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.B.); (N.G.); (S.F.); (V.C.); (A.S.); (R.Z.)
| | - Sabina Frascarelli
- Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.B.); (N.G.); (S.F.); (V.C.); (A.S.); (R.Z.)
| | - Vittoria Carnicelli
- Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.B.); (N.G.); (S.F.); (V.C.); (A.S.); (R.Z.)
| | - Chiara Ippolito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.I.); (S.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Stefania Moscato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.I.); (S.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Letizia Mattii
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.I.); (S.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Claudia Kusmic
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Saba
- Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.B.); (N.G.); (S.F.); (V.C.); (A.S.); (R.Z.)
| | | | - Riccardo Zucchi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.B.); (N.G.); (S.F.); (V.C.); (A.S.); (R.Z.)
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Jiang M, Jang SE, Zeng L. The Effects of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Factors on Neurogenesis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091285. [PMID: 37174685 PMCID: PMC10177620 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian brain, neurogenesis is maintained throughout adulthood primarily in two typical niches, the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and in other nonclassic neurogenic areas (e.g., the amygdala and striatum). During prenatal and early postnatal development, neural stem cells (NSCs) differentiate into neurons and migrate to appropriate areas such as the olfactory bulb where they integrate into existing neural networks; these phenomena constitute the multistep process of neurogenesis. Alterations in any of these processes impair neurogenesis and may even lead to brain dysfunction, including cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. Here, we first summarize the main properties of mammalian neurogenic niches to describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neurogenesis. Accumulating evidence indicates that neurogenesis plays an integral role in neuronal plasticity in the brain and cognition in the postnatal period. Given that neurogenesis can be highly modulated by a number of extrinsic and intrinsic factors, we discuss the impact of extrinsic (e.g., alcohol) and intrinsic (e.g., hormones) modulators on neurogenesis. Additionally, we provide an overview of the contribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection to persistent neurological sequelae such as neurodegeneration, neurogenic defects and accelerated neuronal cell death. Together, our review provides a link between extrinsic/intrinsic factors and neurogenesis and explains the possible mechanisms of abnormal neurogenesis underlying neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Jiang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Tissue Engineering, Dongguan Campus, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Se Eun Jang
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Li Zeng
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technology University, Novena Campus, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
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The Bright Side of Psychedelics: Latest Advances and Challenges in Neuropharmacology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021329. [PMID: 36674849 PMCID: PMC9865175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The need to identify effective therapies for the treatment of psychiatric disorders is a particularly important issue in modern societies. In addition, difficulties in finding new drugs have led pharmacologists to review and re-evaluate some past molecules, including psychedelics. For several years there has been growing interest among psychotherapists in psilocybin or lysergic acid diethylamide for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, of depression, or of post-traumatic stress disorder, although results are not always clear and definitive. In fact, the mechanisms of action of psychedelics are not yet fully understood and some molecular aspects have yet to be well defined. Thus, this review aims to summarize the ethnobotanical uses of the best-known psychedelic plants and the pharmacological mechanisms of the main active ingredients they contain. Furthermore, an up-to-date overview of structural and computational studies performed to evaluate the affinity and binding modes to biologically relevant receptors of ibogaine, mescaline, N,N-dimethyltryptamine, psilocin, and lysergic acid diethylamide is presented. Finally, the most recent clinical studies evaluating the efficacy of psychedelic molecules in some psychiatric disorders are discussed and compared with drugs already used in therapy.
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Saikarthik J, Saraswathi I, Alarifi A, Al-Atram AA, Mickeymaray S, Paramasivam A, Shaikh S, Jeraud M, Alothaim AS. Role of neuroinflammation mediated potential alterations in adult neurogenesis as a factor for neuropsychiatric symptoms in Post-Acute COVID-19 syndrome-A narrative review. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14227. [PMID: 36353605 PMCID: PMC9639419 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistence of symptoms beyond the initial 3 to 4 weeks after infection is defined as post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS). A wide range of neuropsychiatric symptoms like anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, sleep disorders and cognitive disturbances have been observed in PACS. The review was conducted based on PRISMA-S guidelines for literature search strategy for systematic reviews. A cytokine storm in COVID-19 may cause a breach in the blood brain barrier leading to cytokine and SARS-CoV-2 entry into the brain. This triggers an immune response in the brain by activating microglia, astrocytes, and other immune cells leading to neuroinflammation. Various inflammatory biomarkers like inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, acute phase proteins and adhesion molecules have been implicated in psychiatric disorders and play a major role in the precipitation of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Impaired adult neurogenesis has been linked with a variety of disorders like depression, anxiety, cognitive decline, and dementia. Persistence of neuroinflammation was observed in COVID-19 survivors 3 months after recovery. Chronic neuroinflammation alters adult neurogenesis with pro-inflammatory cytokines supressing anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines favouring adult neurogenesis. Based on the prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms/disorders in PACS, there is more possibility for a potential impairment in adult neurogenesis in COVID-19 survivors. This narrative review aims to discuss the various neuroinflammatory processes during PACS and its effect on adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakumar Saikarthik
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Al Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,Department of Medical Education, College of Dentistry, Al Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ilango Saraswathi
- Department of Physiology, Madha Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abdulaziz Alarifi
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Al-Atram
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Suresh Mickeymaray
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anand Paramasivam
- Department of Physiology, RVS Dental College and Hospital, Kumaran Kottam Campus, Kannampalayan, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Saleem Shaikh
- Department of Medical Education, College of Dentistry, Al Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Al Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mathew Jeraud
- Department of Physiology, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz S. Alothaim
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Changes in Stereotypies: Effects over Time and over Generations. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192504. [PMID: 36230246 PMCID: PMC9559266 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Herein, we propose that there should be discussion about the function and effects of stereotypies in relation to the time during which they are shown. In the first stages, stereotypies may help animals deal with challenges. However, behavior can potentially alter the brain, impairing its function due the absence of a diverse repertory, and change brain connections, neurophysiology and later neuroanatomy. The neuroanatomical changes in individuals showing stereotypies could be an effect rather than a cause of the stereotypy. As a consequence, studies showing different outcomes for animal welfare from stereotypy expression could be due to variation in a timeline of expression. Stereotypies are widely used as an animal welfare indicator, and their expression can tell us about psychological states. However, there are questions about the longer-term consequences if animals express stereotypies: do the stereotypies help in coping? During the prenatal period, stereotypic behavior expressed by the mother can change the phenotype of the offspring, especially regarding emotionality, one mechanism acting via methylation in the limbic system in the brain. Are individuals that show stereotypies for shorter or longer periods all better adjusted, and hence have better welfare, or is the later welfare of some worse than that of individuals that do not show the behavior? Abstract Stereotypies comprise a wide range of repeated and apparently functionless behaviors that develop in individuals whose neural condition or environment results in poor welfare. While stereotypies are an indicator of poor welfare at the time of occurrence, they may have various consequences. Environmental enrichment modifies causal factors and reduces the occurrence of stereotypies, providing evidence that stereotypies are an indicator of poor welfare. However, stereotypy occurrence and consequences change over time. Furthermore, there are complex direct and epigenetic effects when mother mammals that are kept in negative conditions do or do not show stereotypies. It is proposed that, when trying to deal with challenging situations, stereotypies might initially help animals to cope. After further time in the conditions, the performance of the stereotypy may impair brain function and change brain connections, neurophysiology and eventually neuroanatomy. It is possible that reported neuroanatomical changes are an effect of the stereotypy rather than a cause.
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Chen A, Chen X, Deng J, Wei J, Qian H, Huang Y, Wu S, Gao F, Gong C, Liao Y, Zheng X. Dexmedetomidine alleviates olfactory cognitive dysfunction by promoting neurogenesis in the subventricular zone of hypoxic-ischemic neonatal rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:983920. [PMID: 36059991 PMCID: PMC9437207 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.983920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is the main cause of neurological dysfunction in neonates. Olfactory cognitive function is important for feeding, the ability to detect hazardous situations and social relationships. However, only a few studies have investigated olfactory cognitive dysfunction in neonates with HIBD; furthermore, the specific mechanisms involved are yet to be elucidated. It has been reported that neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) is linked to olfactory cognitive function. Recently, dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been shown to provide neuroprotection in neonates following HIBD. In the present study, we investigated whether DEX could improve olfactory cognitive dysfunction in neonatal rats following HIBD and attempted to determine the underlying mechanisms. Methods: We induced HIBD in rats using the Rice–Vannucci model, and DEX (25 μg/kg, i.p.) was administered immediately after the induction of HIBD. Next, we used triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and the Zea-longa score to assess the success of modelling. The levels of BDNF, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were determined by western blotting. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect microglial activation and microglial M1/M2 polarization as well as to evaluate the extent of neurogenesis in the SVZ. To evaluate the olfactory cognitive function, the rats in each group were raised until post-natal days 28–35; then, we performed the buried food test and the olfactory memory test. Results: Analysis showed that HIBD induced significant brain infarction, neurological deficits, and olfactory cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, we found that DEX treatment significantly improved olfactory cognitive dysfunction in rat pups with HIBD. DEX treatment also increased the number of newly formed neuroblasts (BrdU/DCX) and neurons (BrdU/NeuN) in the SVZ by increasing the expression of BDNF in rat pups with HIBD. Furthermore, analysis showed that the neurogenic effects of DEX were possibly related to the inhibition of inflammation and the promotion of M1 to M2 conversion in the microglia. Conclusion: Based on the present findings, DEX treatment could improve olfactory cognitive dysfunction in neonatal rats with HIBD by promoting neurogenesis in the SVZ and enhancing the expression of BDNF in the microglia. It was possible associated that DEX inhibited neuroinflammation and promoted M1 to M2 conversion in the microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianjie Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haitao Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongxin Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuyan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Cansheng Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanling Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Co-Constructed Laboratory of “Belt and Road”, Fujian Emergency Medical Center, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaochun Zheng,
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The Current State of Radiotherapy for Pediatric Brain Tumors: An Overview of Post-Radiotherapy Neurocognitive Decline and Outcomes. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12071050. [PMID: 35887547 PMCID: PMC9315742 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12071050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors of the central nervous system are the most common solid malignancies diagnosed in children. While common, they are also found to have some of the lowest survival rates of all malignancies. Treatment of childhood brain tumors often consists of operative gross total resection with adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The current body of literature is largely inconclusive regarding the overall benefit of adjuvant chemo- or radiotherapy. However, it is known that both are associated with conditions that lower the quality of life in children who undergo those treatments. Chemotherapy is often associated with nausea, emesis, significant fatigue, immunosuppression, and alopecia. While radiotherapy can be effective for achieving local control, it is associated with late effects such as endocrine dysfunction, secondary malignancy, and neurocognitive decline. Advancements in radiotherapy grant both an increase in lifetime survival and an increased lifetime for survivors to contend with these late effects. In this review, the authors examined all the published literature, analyzing the results of clinical trials, case series, and technical notes on patients undergoing radiotherapy for the treatment of tumors of the central nervous system with a focus on neurocognitive decline and survival outcomes.
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Zakutansky PM, Feng Y. The Long Non-Coding RNA GOMAFU in Schizophrenia: Function, Disease Risk, and Beyond. Cells 2022; 11:1949. [PMID: 35741078 PMCID: PMC9221589 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric diseases are among the most common brain developmental disorders, represented by schizophrenia (SZ). The complex multifactorial etiology of SZ remains poorly understood, which reflects genetic vulnerabilities and environmental risks that affect numerous genes and biological pathways. Besides the dysregulation of protein-coding genes, recent discoveries demonstrate that abnormalities associated with non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), also contribute to the pathogenesis of SZ. lncRNAs are an actively evolving family of non-coding RNAs that harbor greater than 200 nucleotides but do not encode for proteins. In general, lncRNA genes are poorly conserved. The large number of lncRNAs specifically expressed in the human brain, together with the genetic alterations and dysregulation of lncRNA genes in the SZ brain, suggests a critical role in normal cognitive function and the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric diseases. A particular lncRNA of interest is GOMAFU, also known as MIAT and RNCR2. Growing evidence suggests the function of GOMAFU in governing neuronal development and its potential roles as a risk factor and biomarker for SZ, which will be reviewed in this article. Moreover, we discuss the potential mechanisms through which GOMAFU regulates molecular pathways, including its subcellular localization and interaction with RNA-binding proteins, and how interruption to GOMAFU pathways may contribute to the pathogenesis of SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Zakutansky
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yue Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Abstract
Infection with SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, originated in China and quickly spread across the globe. Despite tremendous economic and healthcare devastation, research on this virus has contributed to a better understanding of numerous molecular pathways, including those involving γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), that will positively impact medical science, including neuropsychiatry, in the post-pandemic era. SARS-CoV-2 primarily enters the host cells through the renin–angiotensin system’s component named angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2). Among its many functions, this protein upregulates GABA, protecting not only the central nervous system but also the endothelia, the pancreas, and the gut microbiota. SARS-CoV-2 binding to ACE-2 usurps the neuronal and non-neuronal GABAergic systems, contributing to the high comorbidity of neuropsychiatric illness with gut dysbiosis and endothelial and metabolic dysfunctions. In this perspective article, we take a closer look at the pathology emerging from the viral hijacking of non-neuronal GABA and summarize potential interventions for restoring these systems.
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Nieraad H, de Bruin N, Arne O, Hofmann MCJ, Pannwitz N, Resch E, Luckhardt S, Schneider AK, Trautmann S, Schreiber Y, Gurke R, Parnham MJ, Till U, Geisslinger G. The Roles of Long-Term Hyperhomocysteinemia and Micronutrient Supplementation in the AppNL–G–F Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:876826. [PMID: 35572151 PMCID: PMC9094364 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.876826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A causal contribution of hyperhomocysteinemia to cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as well as potential prevention or mitigation of the pathology by dietary intervention, have frequently been subjects of controversy. In the present in vivo study, we attempted to further elucidate the impact of elevated homocysteine (HCys) and homocysteic acid (HCA) levels, induced by dietary B-vitamin deficiency, and micronutrient supplementation on AD-like pathology, which was simulated using the amyloid-based AppNL–G–F knock-in mouse model. For this purpose, cognitive assessment was complemented by analyses of ex vivo parameters in whole blood, serum, CSF, and brain tissues from the mice. Furthermore, neurotoxicity of HCys and HCA was assessed in a separate in vitro assay. In confirmation of our previous study, older AppNL–G–F mice also exhibited subtle phenotypic impairment and extensive cerebral amyloidosis, whereas dietary manipulations did not result in significant effects. As revealed by proximity extension assay-based proteome analysis, the AppNL–G–F genotype led to an upregulation of AD-characteristic neuronal markers. Hyperhomocysteinemia, in contrast, indicated mainly vascular effects. Overall, since there was an absence of a distinct phenotype despite both a significant amyloid-β burden and serum HCys elevation, the results in this study did not corroborate the pathological role of amyloid-β according to the “amyloid hypothesis,” nor of hyperhomocysteinemia on cognitive performance. Nevertheless, this study aided in further characterizing the AppNL–G–F model and in elucidating the role of HCys in diverse biological processes. The idea of AD prevention with the investigated micronutrients, however, was not supported, at least in this mouse model of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Nieraad
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Natasja de Bruin
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- *Correspondence: Natasja de Bruin,
| | - Olga Arne
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martine C. J. Hofmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nina Pannwitz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eduard Resch
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sonja Luckhardt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Schneider
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sandra Trautmann
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yannick Schreiber
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Robert Gurke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael J. Parnham
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- EpiEndo Pharmaceuticals, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Uwe Till
- Former Institute of Pathobiochemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Wen J, Patel C, Diglio F, Baker K, Marshall G, Li S, Cole PD. Cognitive impairment persists at least 1 year after juvenile rats are treated with methotrexate. Neuropharmacology 2022; 206:108939. [PMID: 34986414 PMCID: PMC8792316 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is widely employed for children with cancer, but is also associated with persistent cognitive deficits among survivors. The present study investigated the mechanisms behind long-term cognitive dysfunction after juvenile animals are treated with MTX. Male and female Long-Evans rats were treated with a combination of 6 systemic doses (0.5 mg/kg/dose intraperitoneally) and 4 intrathecal doses (1 mg/kg) beginning at post-natal age 3 weeks, a schedule designed to mimic repeated exposure given to children with leukemia. Behavioral testing was conducted at 60-61 weeks of age, followed by analysis of brain histolopathology. This MTX regimen had no acute toxicity and no effect on growth. The spatial memory and visual memory deficits observed at 13 and 17 weeks of age persisted 1 year after MTX exposure in both females and males. Significantly decreased cell proliferation and increased hippocampal microglial activation were observed in MTX-treated females when compared to the controls, with a similar trend in the male groups. In addition, MTX treatment significantly increased the number of TUNEL positive cells in the periventricular area. Our study demonstrates that a clinically relevant regimen of systemic and intrathecal MTX induces persistent deficits in cognition, lasting approximately 1 year after the last injection. The mechanisms behind MTX-induced deficits are likely multifactorial, including suppression of neurogenesis, microglial activation, and increased brain cell apoptosis. Our study suggests female and male animals differ in susceptibility to MTX-induced neurotoxicity and provides insights for developing therapeutic approaches to prevent treatment related cognitive impairment among children with ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, Goryeb Children's Hospital-Atlantic Health, Morristown, NJ, 07960, USA; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Chadni Patel
- Rutgers Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Frank Diglio
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Kayla Baker
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Gregory Marshall
- Rutgers Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Shengguo Li
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Peter D Cole
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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Colombaioni L, Campanella B, Nieri R, Onor M, Benedetti E, Bramanti E. Time-dependent influence of high glucose environment on the metabolism of neuronal immortalized cells. Anal Biochem 2022; 645:114607. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Abrous DN, Koehl M, Lemoine M. A Baldwin interpretation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis: from functional relevance to physiopathology. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:383-402. [PMID: 34103674 PMCID: PMC8960398 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampal adult neurogenesis has been associated to many cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functions and dysfunctions, and its status as a selected effect or an "appendix of the brain" has been debated. In this review, we propose to understand hippocampal neurogenesis as the process underlying the "Baldwin effect", a particular situation in evolution where fitness does not rely on the natural selection of genetic traits, but on "ontogenetic adaptation" to a changing environment. This supports the view that a strong distinction between developmental and adult hippocampal neurogenesis is made. We propose that their functions are the constitution and the lifelong adaptation, respectively, of a basic repertoire of cognitive and emotional behaviors. This lifelong adaptation occurs through new forms of binding, i.e., association or dissociation of more basic elements. This distinction further suggests that a difference is made between developmental vulnerability (or resilience), stemming from dysfunctional (or highly functional) developmental hippocampal neurogenesis, and adult vulnerability (or resilience), stemming from dysfunctional (or highly functional) adult hippocampal neurogenesis. According to this hypothesis, developmental and adult vulnerability are distinct risk factors for various mental disorders in adults. This framework suggests new avenues for research on hippocampal neurogenesis and its implication in mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djoher Nora Abrous
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Neurogenesis and Pathophysiology group, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Muriel Koehl
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniv. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Neurogenesis and Pathophysiology group, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Maël Lemoine
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniversity Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, Bordeaux, France
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23
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Achour M, Ferdousi F, Sasaki K, Isoda H. Luteolin Modulates Neural Stem Cells Fate Determination: In vitro Study on Human Neural Stem Cells, and in vivo Study on LPS-Induced Depression Mice Model. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:753279. [PMID: 34790666 PMCID: PMC8591246 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.753279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Luteolin is a natural flavone with neurotrophic effects observed on different neuronal cell lines. In the present study, we aimed to assess the effect of luteolin on hNSCs fate determination and the LPS-induced neuroinflammation in a mouse model of depression with astrocytogenesis defect. hNSCs were cultured in basal cell culture medium (control) or medium supplemented with luteolin or AICAR, a known inducer of astrogenesis. A whole-genome transcriptomic analysis showed that luteolin upregulated the expressions of genes related to neurotrophin, dopaminergic, hippo, and Wnt signaling pathways, and downregulated the genes involved in p53, TNF, FOXO, and Notch signaling pathways. We also found that astrocyte-specific gene GFAP, as well as other genes of the key signaling pathways involved in astrogenesis such as Wnt, BMP, and JAK-STAT pathways were upregulated in luteolin-treated hNSCs. On the other hand, neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis-related genes, TUBB3, NEUROD 1 and 6, and MBP, were downregulated in luteolin-treated hNSCs. Furthermore, immunostaining showed that percentages of GFAP+ cells were significantly higher in luteolin- and AICAR-treated hNSCs compared to control hNSCs. Additionally, RT-qPCR results showed that luteolin upregulated the expressions of GFAP, BMP2, and STAT3, whereas the expression of TUBB3 remained unchanged. Next, we evaluated the effects of luteolin in LPS-induced mice model of depression that represents defects in astrocytogenesis. We found that oral administration of luteolin (10 mg/Kg) for eight consecutive days could decrease the immobility time on tail suspension test, a mouse behavioral test measuring depression-like behavior, and attenuate LPS-induced inflammatory responses by significantly decreasing IL-6 production in mice brain-derived astrocytes and serum, and TNFα and corticosterone levels in serum. Luteolin treatment also significantly increased mature BDNF, dopamine, and noradrenaline levels in the hypothalamus of LPS-induced depression mice. Though the behavioral effects of luteolin did not reach statistical significance, global gene expression analyses of mice hippocampus and brain-derived NSCs highlighted the modulatory effects of luteolin on different signaling pathways involved in the pathophysiology of depression. Altogether, our findings suggest an astrocytogenic potential of luteolin and its possible therapeutic benefits in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. However, further studies are required to identify the specific mechanism of action of luteolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Achour
- Laboratory of Metabolic Biophysics and Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.,Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Farhana Ferdousi
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazunori Sasaki
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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proNGF Involvement in the Adult Neurogenesis Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910744. [PMID: 34639085 PMCID: PMC8509282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, neurogenesis in the adult brain has been well demonstrated in a number of animal species, including humans. Interestingly, work with rodents has shown that adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus is vital for some cognitive aspects, as increasing neurogenesis improves memory, while its disruption triggers the opposite effect. Adult neurogenesis declines with age and has been suggested to play a role in impaired progressive learning and memory loss seen in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, therapeutic strategies designed to boost adult hippocampal neurogenesis may be beneficial for the treatment of AD. The precursor forms of neurotrophins, such as pro-NGF, display remarkable increase during AD in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. In contrast to mature NGF, pro-NGF exerts adverse functions in survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Hence, we hypothesized that pro-NGF and its p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) contribute to disrupting adult hippocampal neurogenesis during AD. To test this hypothesis, in this study, we took advantage of the availability of mouse models of AD (APP/PS1), which display memory impairment, and AD human samples to address the role of pro-NGF/p75NTR signaling in different aspects of adult neurogenesis. First, we observed that DG doublecortin (DCX) + progenitors express p75NTR both, in healthy humans and control animals, although the percentage of DCX+ cells are significantly reduced in AD. Interestingly, the expression of p75NTR in these progenitors is significantly decreased in AD conditions compared to controls. In order to assess the contribution of the pro-NGF/p75NTR pathway to the memory deficits of APP/PS1 mice, we injected pro-NGF neutralizing antibodies (anti-proNGF) into the DG of control and APP/PS1 mice and animals are subjected to a Morris water maze test. Intriguingly, we observed that anti-pro-NGF significantly restored memory performance of APP/PS1 animals and significantly increase the percentage of DCX+ progenitors in the DG region of these animals. In summary, our results suggest that pro-NGF is involved in disrupting spatial memory in AD, at least in part by blocking adult neurogenesis. Moreover, we propose that adult neurogenesis alteration should be taken into consideration for better understanding of AD pathology. Additionally, we provide a new molecular entry point (pro-NGF/p75NTR signaling) as a promising therapeutic target in AD.
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25
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Neuroepigenetics of psychiatric disorders: Focus on lncRNA. Neurochem Int 2021; 149:105140. [PMID: 34298078 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the pathology of psychiatric disorders is challenging due to their complexity and multifactorial origin. However, development of high-throughput technologies has allowed for better insight into their molecular signatures. Advancement of sequencing methodologies have made it possible to study not only the protein-coding but also the noncoding genome. It is now clear that besides the genetic component, different epigenetic mechanisms play major roles in the onset and development of psychiatric disorders. Among them, examining the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is a relatively new field. Here, we present an overview of what is currently known about the involvement of lncRNAs in schizophrenia, major depressive and bipolar disorders, as well as suicide. The diagnosis of psychiatric disorders mainly relies on clinical evaluation without using measurable biomarkers. In this regard, lncRNA may open new opportunities for development of molecular tests. However, so far only a small set of known lncRNAs have been characterized at molecular level, which means they have a long way to go before clinical implementation. Understanding how changes in lncRNAs affect the appearance and development of psychiatric disorders may lead to a more classified and objective diagnostic system, but also open up new therapeutic targets for these patients.
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26
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Netzahualcoyotzi C, Rodríguez-Serrano LM, Chávez-Hernández ME, Buenrostro-Jáuregui MH. Early Consumption of Cannabinoids: From Adult Neurogenesis to Behavior. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7450. [PMID: 34299069 PMCID: PMC8306314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a crucial modulatory system in which interest has been increasing, particularly regarding the regulation of behavior and neuroplasticity. The adolescent-young adulthood phase of development comprises a critical period in the maturation of the nervous system and the ECS. Neurogenesis occurs in discrete regions of the adult brain, and this process is linked to the modulation of some behaviors. Since marijuana (cannabis) is the most consumed illegal drug globally and the highest consumption rate is observed during adolescence, it is of particular importance to understand the effects of ECS modulation in these early stages of adulthood. Thus, in this article, we sought to summarize recent evidence demonstrating the role of the ECS and exogenous cannabinoid consumption in the adolescent-young adulthood period; elucidate the effects of exogenous cannabinoid consumption on adult neurogenesis; and describe some essential and adaptive behaviors, such as stress, anxiety, learning, and memory. The data summarized in this work highlight the relevance of maintaining balance in the endocannabinoid modulatory system in the early and adult stages of life. Any ECS disturbance may induce significant modifications in the genesis of new neurons and may consequently modify behavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citlalli Netzahualcoyotzi
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, Prolongación Paseo de la Reforma 880, Lomas de Santa Fé, Ciudad de México 01219, Mexico; (C.N.); (L.M.R.-S.); (M.E.C.-H.)
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
| | - Luis Miguel Rodríguez-Serrano
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, Prolongación Paseo de la Reforma 880, Lomas de Santa Fé, Ciudad de México 01219, Mexico; (C.N.); (L.M.R.-S.); (M.E.C.-H.)
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la alimentación, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - María Elena Chávez-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, Prolongación Paseo de la Reforma 880, Lomas de Santa Fé, Ciudad de México 01219, Mexico; (C.N.); (L.M.R.-S.); (M.E.C.-H.)
| | - Mario Humberto Buenrostro-Jáuregui
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, Prolongación Paseo de la Reforma 880, Lomas de Santa Fé, Ciudad de México 01219, Mexico; (C.N.); (L.M.R.-S.); (M.E.C.-H.)
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27
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Yu J, She Y, Ji SJ. m 6A Modification in Mammalian Nervous System Development, Functions, Disorders, and Injuries. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:679662. [PMID: 34113622 PMCID: PMC8185210 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.679662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, as the most prevalent internal modification on mRNA, has been implicated in many biological processes through regulating mRNA metabolism. Given that m6A modification is highly enriched in the mammalian brain, this dynamic modification provides a crucial new layer of epitranscriptomic regulation of the nervous system. Here, in this review, we summarize the recent progress on studies of m6A modification in the mammalian nervous system ranging from neuronal development to basic and advanced brain functions. We also highlight the detailed underlying mechanisms in each process mediated by m6A writers, erasers, and readers. Besides, the involvement of dysregulated m6A modification in neurological disorders and injuries is discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Brain Research Center, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,SUSTech-HKU Joint Ph.D. Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanchu She
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Brain Research Center, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sheng-Jian Ji
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Brain Research Center, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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28
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Ghanbarirad M, Hashemi M, Saberi SM, Majd A. Dysregulation of Myt1 expression acts as a potential peripheral biomarker for major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. J Neurogenet 2021; 35:381-386. [PMID: 34011236 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2021.1928663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BPD) are among the most debilitating mental conditions. Diagnostic criteria for MDD include psychological and physical symptoms, such as low mood and changes in appetite or sleep, respectively. BPD in addition to periods of depression represents episodes of mania or hypomania, and elevation in mood and energy levels are associated with this condition. Dysregulation in adult neurogenesis and myelination have been reported in psychiatric disorders. As a key factor in neurogenesis, it was hypothesized that Myt1 gene expression may be altered in these conditions. Using Real-time PCR, Myt1 expression level in 100 MDD patients and 100 BPD patients, compared with healthy control (HC) individuals was evaluated. Results demonstrate significant downregulation of Myt1 in MDD and BPD. Logistic regression analysis and binary classification evaluation reveal potential risk factor and biomarker characteristics of Myt1, respectively. Moreover, forward and backward digit span results denote a significant reduction in the function of working memory (WM) of MDD and BPD subjects. Correlation analysis revealed a significant association between Myt1 downregulation and WM disruption in the affected individuals. In conclusion, due to its altered role in neurogenesis, downregulation of Myt1 can be associated with the pathology of MDD and BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghanbarirad
- Department of Biology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Science Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Saberi
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Majd
- Department of Biology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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29
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Ohnishi T, Kiyama Y, Arima‐Yoshida F, Kadota M, Ichikawa T, Yamada K, Watanabe A, Ohba H, Tanaka K, Nakaya A, Horiuchi Y, Iwayama Y, Toyoshima M, Ogawa I, Shimamoto‐Mitsuyama C, Maekawa M, Balan S, Arai M, Miyashita M, Toriumi K, Nozaki Y, Kurokawa R, Suzuki K, Yoshikawa A, Toyota T, Hosoya T, Okuno H, Bito H, Itokawa M, Kuraku S, Manabe T, Yoshikawa T. Cooperation of LIM domain-binding 2 (LDB2) with EGR in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e12574. [PMID: 33656268 PMCID: PMC8033514 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic defects with large effect size can help elucidate unknown pathologic architecture of mental disorders. We previously reported on a patient with schizophrenia and a balanced translocation between chromosomes 4 and 13 and found that the breakpoint within chromosome 4 is located near the LDB2 gene. We show here that Ldb2 knockout (KO) mice displayed multiple deficits relevant to mental disorders. In particular, Ldb2 KO mice exhibited deficits in the fear-conditioning paradigm. Analysis of the amygdala suggested that dysregulation of synaptic activities controlled by the immediate early gene Arc is involved in the phenotypes. We show that LDB2 forms protein complexes with known transcription factors. Consistently, ChIP-seq analyses indicated that LDB2 binds to > 10,000 genomic sites in human neurospheres. We found that many of those sites, including the promoter region of ARC, are occupied by EGR transcription factors. Our previous study showed an association of the EGR family genes with schizophrenia. Collectively, the findings suggest that dysregulation in the gene expression controlled by the LDB2-EGR axis underlies a pathogenesis of subset of mental disorders.
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30
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Ochi S, Sekiya K, Abe N, Funahashi Y, Kumon H, Yoshino Y, Nishihara T, Boku S, Iga JI, Ueno SI. Neural precursor cells are decreased in the hippocampus of the delayed carbon monoxide encephalopathy rat model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6244. [PMID: 33737717 PMCID: PMC7973557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85860-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of delayed carbon monoxide (CO) encephalopathy remains unclear. In this study, the effects of CO exposure on the dentate gyrus (DG) were investigated in a Wistar rat model by histochemical and molecular methods. Model rats showed significant cognitive impairment in the passive-avoidance test beginning 7 days after CO exposure. Immunohistochemistry showed that compared to the control, the cell number of SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box 2 (SOX2)+/brain lipid binding protein (BLBP)+/glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)+ cells in the DG was significantly less, but the number of SOX2+/GFAP− cells was not, reflecting a decreased number of type 1 and type 2a neural precursor cells. Compared to the control, the numbers of CD11b+ cells and neuron glial antigen 2+ cells were significantly less, but the number of SOX2−/GFAP+ cells was not. Flow cytometry showed that the percent of live microglial cells isolated from the hippocampus in this CO rat model was significantly lower than in controls. Furthermore, mRNA expression of fibroblast growth factor 2 and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor, which are neurogenic factors, was significantly decreased in that area. We conclude that, in this rat model, there is an association between delayed cognitive impairment with dysregulated adult hippocampal neurogenesis and glial changes in delayed CO encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Ochi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sekiya
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Naoki Abe
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yu Funahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kumon
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yuta Yoshino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Tasuku Nishihara
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Shuken Boku
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Iga
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
| | - Shu-Ichi Ueno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
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31
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Khuu MA, Nallamothu T, Castro-Rivera CI, Arias-Cavieres A, Szujewski CC, Garcia Iii AJ. Stage-dependent effects of intermittent hypoxia influence the outcome of hippocampal adult neurogenesis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6005. [PMID: 33727588 PMCID: PMC7966401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over one billion adults worldwide are estimated to suffer from sleep apnea, a condition with wide-reaching effects on brain health. Sleep apnea causes cognitive decline and is a risk factor for neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease. Rodents exposed to intermittent hypoxia (IH), a hallmark of sleep apnea, exhibit spatial memory deficits associated with impaired hippocampal neurophysiology and dysregulated adult neurogenesis. We demonstrate that IH creates a pro-oxidant condition that reduces the Tbr2+ neural progenitor pool early in the process, while also suppressing terminal differentiation of adult born neurons during late adult neurogenesis. We further show that IH-dependent cell-autonomous hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1a) signaling is activated in early neuroprogenitors and enhances the generation of adult born neurons upon termination of IH. Our findings indicate that oscillations in oxygen homeostasis, such as those found in sleep apnea, have complex stage-dependent influence over hippocampal adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie A Khuu
- Institute for Integrative Physiology, Section of Emergency Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Thara Nallamothu
- Institute for Integrative Physiology, Section of Emergency Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Carolina I Castro-Rivera
- Institute for Integrative Physiology, Section of Emergency Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,Committee On Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60307, USA.,Grossman Institute for Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Alejandra Arias-Cavieres
- Institute for Integrative Physiology, Section of Emergency Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Caroline C Szujewski
- Institute for Integrative Physiology, Section of Emergency Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,Committee On Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60307, USA.,Grossman Institute for Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Alfredo J Garcia Iii
- Institute for Integrative Physiology, Section of Emergency Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA. .,Committee On Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60307, USA. .,Grossman Institute for Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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32
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Subba R, Sandhir R, Singh SP, Mallick BN, Mondal AC. Pathophysiology linking depression and type 2 diabetes: Psychotherapy, physical exercise, and fecal microbiome transplantation as damage control. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:2870-2900. [PMID: 33529409 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes increases the likelihood of developing depression and vice versa. Research on this bidirectional association has somewhat managed to delineate the interplay among implicated physiological processes. Still, further exploration is required in this context. This review addresses the comorbidity by investigating suspected common pathophysiological mechanisms. One such factor is psychological stress which disturbs the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis causing hormonal imbalance. This includes elevated cortisol levels, a common biomarker of both depression and diabetes. Disrupted insulin signaling drives the hampered neurotransmission of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Also, adipokine hormones such as adiponectin, leptin, and resistin and the orexigenic hormone, ghrelin, are involved in both depression and T2DM. This disarray further interferes with physiological processes encompassing sleep, the gut-brain axis, metabolism, and mood stability. Behavioral coping mechanisms, such as unhealthy eating, mediate disturbed glucose homeostasis, and neuroinflammation. This is intricately linked to oxidative stress, redox imbalance, and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, interventions such as psychotherapy, physical exercise, fecal microbiota transplantation, and insulin-sensitizing agents can help to manage the distressing condition. The possibility of glucagon-like peptide 1 possessing a therapeutic role has also been discussed. Nonetheless, there stands an urgent need for unraveling new correlating targets and biological markers for efficient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Subba
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajat Sandhir
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Surya Pratap Singh
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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33
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Komleva YK, Lopatina OL, Gorina YV, Chernykh AI, Trufanova LV, Vais EF, Kharitonova EV, Zhukov EL, Vahtina LY, Medvedeva NN, Salmina AB. Expression of NLRP3 Inflammasomes in Neurogenic Niche Contributes to the Effect of Spatial Learning in Physiological Conditions but Not in Alzheimer's Type Neurodegeneration. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:1355-1371. [PMID: 33392919 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-01021-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A common feature of neurodegenerative disorders, in particular Alzheimer's disease (AD), is a chronic neuroinflammation associated with aberrant neuroplasticity. Development of neuroinflammation affects efficacy of stem and progenitor cells proliferation, differentiation, migration, and integration of newborn cells into neural circuitry. However, precise mechanisms of neurogenesis alterations in neuroinflammation are not clear yet. It is well established that expression of NLRP3 inflammasomes in glial cells marks neuroinflammatory events, but less is known about contribution of NLRP3 to deregulation of neurogenesis within neurogenic niches and whether neural stem cells (NSCs), neural progenitor cells (NPCs) or immature neuroblasts may express inflammasomes in (patho)physiological conditions. Thus, we studied alterations of neurogenesis in rats with the AD model (intra-hippocampal injection of Aβ1-42). We found that in Aβ-affected brain, number of CD133+ cells was elevated after spatial training in the Morris water maze. The number of PSA-NCAM+ neuroblasts diminished by Aβ injection was completely restored by subsequent spatial learning. Spatial training leads to elevated expression of NLRP3 inflammasomes in the SGZ (subgranular zones): CD133+ and PSA-NCAM+ cells started to express NLRP3 in sham-operated, but not AD rats. Taken together, our data suggest that expression of NLRP3 inflammasomes in CD133+ and PSA-NCAM+ cells may contribute to stimulation of adult neurogenesis in physiological conditions, whereas Alzheimer's type neurodegeneration abolishes stimuli-induced overexpression of NLRP3 within the SGZ neurogenic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia K Komleva
- The Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Professor V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia. .,Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Professor V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
| | - O L Lopatina
- The Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Professor V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.,Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Professor V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Ya V Gorina
- The Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Professor V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.,Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Professor V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - A I Chernykh
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Professor V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - L V Trufanova
- The Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Professor V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - E F Vais
- The Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Professor V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - E V Kharitonova
- The Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Professor V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - E L Zhukov
- Department of Pathological Anatomy Named After Prof. P.G. Podzolkov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Professor V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - L Yu Vahtina
- Department of Human Anatomy, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Professor V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - N N Medvedeva
- Department of Human Anatomy, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Professor V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - A B Salmina
- The Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Professor V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.,Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Professor V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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Sha H, Peng P, Wei G, Wang J, Wu Y, Huang H. Neuroprotective Effects of Dexmedetomidine on the Ketamine-Induced Disruption of the Proliferation and Differentiation of Developing Neural Stem Cells in the Subventricular Zone. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:649284. [PMID: 34386466 PMCID: PMC8353121 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.649284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Ketamine disrupts the proliferation and differentiation of developing neural stem cells (NSCs). Therefore, the safe use of ketamine in pediatric anesthesia has been an issue of increasing concern among anesthesiologists and children's parents. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is widely used in sedation as an antianxiety agent and for analgesia. DEX has recently been shown to provide neuroprotection against anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity in the developing brain. The aim of this in vivo study was to investigate whether DEX exerted neuroprotective effects on the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs in the subventricular zone (SVZ) following neonatal ketamine exposure. Methods: Postnatal day 7 (PND-7) male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into the following five groups: control group (n = 8), ketamine group (n = 8), 1 μg/kg DEX+ketamine group (n = 8), 5 μg/kg DEX+ketamine group (n = 8) and 10 μg/kg DEX+ketamine group (n = 8). Immediately after treatment, rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of BrdU, and the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs in the SVZ were assessed using immunostaining at 24 h after the BrdU injection. In the olfactory behavioral tests, rats in each group were raised until 2 months old, and the buried food test and olfactory memory test were performed. Results: The proliferation of NSCs and astrocytic differentiation in the SVZ were significantly inhibited at 24 h after repeated ketamine exposure in the neonatal period, and neuronal differentiation was markedly increased. Furthermore, pretreatment with moderately high (5 μg/kg) or high doses (10 μg/kg) of DEX reversed ketamine-induced disturbances in the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs. In the behavior tests, repeated neonatal ketamine exposure induced olfactory cognitive dysfunction in the adult stage, and moderately high and high doses of DEX reversed the olfactory cognitive dysfunction induced by ketamine. Conclusions: Based on the present findings, pretreatment with a moderately high (5 μg/kg) or high dose (10 μg/kg) of DEX may alleviate the developmental neurogenesis disorder in the SVZ at 24 h after repeated ketamine exposure and improve olfactory cognitive dysfunction in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Sha
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peipei Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guohua Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Coviello S, Gramuntell Y, Castillo-Gomez E, Nacher J. Effects of Dopamine on the Immature Neurons of the Adult Rat Piriform Cortex. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:574234. [PMID: 33122993 PMCID: PMC7573248 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.574234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The layer II of the adult piriform cortex (PCX) contains a numerous population of immature neurons. Interestingly, in both mice and rats, most, if not all, these cells have an embryonic origin. Moreover, recent studies from our laboratory have shown that they progressively mature into typical excitatory neurons of the PCX layer II. Therefore, the adult PCX is considered a “non-canonical” neurogenic niche. These immature neurons express the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), a molecule critical for different neurodevelopmental processes. Dopamine (DA) is a relevant neurotransmitter in the adult CNS, which also plays important roles in neural development and adult plasticity, including the regulation of PSA-NCAM expression. In order to evaluate the hypothetical effects of pharmacological modulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission on the differentiation of immature neurons of the adult PCX, we studied dopamine D2 receptor (D2r) expression in this region and the relationship between dopaminergic fibers and immature neurons (defined by PSA-NCAM expression). In addition, we analyzed the density of immature neurons after chronic treatments with an antagonist and an agonist of D2r: haloperidol and PPHT, respectively. Many dopaminergic fibers were observed in close apposition to PSA-NCAM-expressing neurons, which also coexpressed D2r. Chronic treatment with haloperidol significantly increased the number of PSA-NCAM immunoreactive cells, while PPHT treatment decreased it. These results indicate a prominent role of dopamine, through D2r and PSA-NCAM, on the regulation of the final steps of development of immature neurons in the adult PCX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Coviello
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Yaiza Gramuntell
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Esther Castillo-Gomez
- Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain.,Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Nacher
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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Morales-Garcia JA, Calleja-Conde J, Lopez-Moreno JA, Alonso-Gil S, Sanz-SanCristobal M, Riba J, Perez-Castillo A. N,N-dimethyltryptamine compound found in the hallucinogenic tea ayahuasca, regulates adult neurogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:331. [PMID: 32989216 PMCID: PMC7522265 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a component of the ayahuasca brew traditionally used for ritual and therapeutic purposes across several South American countries. Here, we have examined, in vitro and vivo, the potential neurogenic effect of DMT. Our results demonstrate that DMT administration activates the main adult neurogenic niche, the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, promoting newly generated neurons in the granular zone. Moreover, these mice performed better, compared to control non-treated animals, in memory tests, which suggest a functional relevance for the DMT-induced new production of neurons in the hippocampus. Interestingly, the neurogenic effect of DMT appears to involve signaling via sigma-1 receptor (S1R) activation since S1R antagonist blocked the neurogenic effect. Taken together, our results demonstrate that DMT treatment activates the subgranular neurogenic niche regulating the proliferation of neural stem cells, the migration of neuroblasts, and promoting the generation of new neurons in the hippocampus, therefore enhancing adult neurogenesis and improving spatial learning and memory tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A. Morales-Garcia
- grid.4711.30000 0001 2183 4846Institute for Biomedical Research “A. Sols” (CSIC-UAM). Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Spanish Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), c/ Valderrebollo 5, 28031 Madrid, Spain ,grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Department of Cellular Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, 28040 Madrid, Spain ,grid.411347.40000 0000 9248 5770Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Neurobiology Department, UCS-UCM, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Calleja-Conde
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Department of Psychobiology and Behavioural Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Carretera de Humera, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A. Lopez-Moreno
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Department of Psychobiology and Behavioural Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Carretera de Humera, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Alonso-Gil
- grid.4711.30000 0001 2183 4846Institute for Biomedical Research “A. Sols” (CSIC-UAM). Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Spanish Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), c/ Valderrebollo 5, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Sanz-SanCristobal
- grid.4711.30000 0001 2183 4846Institute for Biomedical Research “A. Sols” (CSIC-UAM). Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Spanish Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), c/ Valderrebollo 5, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Riba
- grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER The Netherlands
| | - Ana Perez-Castillo
- Institute for Biomedical Research "A. Sols" (CSIC-UAM). Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Spanish Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), c/ Valderrebollo 5, 28031, Madrid, Spain. .,Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Neurobiology Department, UCS-UCM, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain.
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Understanding the effects of chronic benzodiazepine use in depression: a focus on neuropharmacology. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2020; 35:243-253. [PMID: 32459725 DOI: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Benzodiazepines are frequently prescribed on an ongoing basis to individuals with depression, mainly to alleviate anxiety or insomnia, despite current guideline recommendations that continuous use should not exceed 4 weeks. Currently, there are no efficacy trials published beyond 8 weeks. Several antidepressant trials demonstrate that the concomitant use of a benzodiazepine is associated with poorer depressive outcomes and functional status; however, it is unclear why this is the case. Patients with depression receiving a benzodiazepine may reflect a more ill or high anxiety group, although even within anxiety disorders, the use of a benzodiazepine is associated with poorer outcomes. The neuroadaptive consequences of long-term benzodiazepine use may be a factor underlying these findings. Chronic benzodiazepine use results in decreased gamma-aminobutyric acid and monoaminergic function, as well as interference with neurogenesis, which are all purported to play a role in antidepressant efficacy. This review will discuss the oppositional neuropharmacological interactions between chronic benzodiazepine use and antidepressant mechanism of action, which could result in reduced antidepressant efficacy and function in depression.
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Harkins D, Cooper HM, Piper M. The role of lipids in ependymal development and the modulation of adult neural stem cell function during aging and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 112:61-68. [PMID: 32771376 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Within the adult mammalian central nervous system, the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) lining the lateral ventricles houses neural stem cells (NSCs) that continue to produce neurons throughout life. Developmentally, the V-SVZ neurogenic niche arises during corticogenesis following the terminal differentiation of telencephalic radial glial cells (RGCs) into either adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) or ependymal cells. In mice, these two cellular populations form rosettes during the late embryonic and early postnatal period, with ependymal cells surrounding aNSCs. These aNSCs and ependymal cells serve a number of key purposes, including the generation of neurons throughout life (aNSCs), and acting as a barrier between the CSF and the parenchyma and promoting CSF bulk flow (ependymal cells). Interestingly, the development of this neurogenic niche, as well as its ongoing function, has been shown to be reliant on different aspects of lipid biology. In this review we discuss the developmental origins of the rodent V-SVZ neurogenic niche, and highlight research which has implicated a role for lipids in the physiology of this part of the brain. We also discuss the role of lipids in the maintenance of the V-SVZ niche, and discuss new research which has suggested that alterations to lipid biology could contribute to ependymal cell dysfunction in aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyon Harkins
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Helen M Cooper
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Michael Piper
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
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Maffezzini C, Calvo-Garrido J, Wredenberg A, Freyer C. Metabolic regulation of neurodifferentiation in the adult brain. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2483-2496. [PMID: 31912194 PMCID: PMC7320050 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms behind neurodifferentiation in adults will be an important milestone in our quest to identify treatment strategies for cognitive disorders observed during our natural ageing or disease. It is now clear that the maturation of neural stem cells to neurones, fully integrated into neuronal circuits requires a complete remodelling of cellular metabolism, including switching the cellular energy source. Mitochondria are central for this transition and are increasingly seen as the regulatory hub in defining neural stem cell fate and neurodevelopment. This review explores our current knowledge of metabolism during adult neurodifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Maffezzini
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing-Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Javier Calvo-Garrido
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing-Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Wredenberg
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing-Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Christoph Freyer
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing-Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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40
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Cognitive impairments in adult mice with RIP140 overexpression in neural stem cells. Behav Brain Res 2020; 393:112777. [PMID: 32579978 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) is a transcription co-regulator of several transcription factors and a signal transduction regulator. RIP140 was recently implicated in the regulation of cognitive functions. The gene that encodes RIP140 is located on chromosome 21. An increase in RIP140 expression was observed in the fetal cerebral cortex and hippocampus in Down syndrome patients who exhibited strong cognitive disabilities. We hypothesized that RIP140 overexpression affects cognitive function in adult neural development. The present study used a Cre-dependent adeno-associated virus to selectively overexpress RIP140 in neural stem cells using nestin-Cre mice. RIP140 overexpression efficiency was evaluated at the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dorsal dentate gyrus (dDG) and the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles (LVs). Mice with RIP140 overexpression in the SGZ exhibited deficits in cognitive function and spatial learning and memory, measured in the Morris water maze, object-place recognition test, and novel object recognition test. However, overexpression of RIP140 in SVZ only impaired performance in the Morris water maze and novel object recognition test but not in the object-place recognition test. Altogether, these results indicated defects in cognitive functions that were associated with RIP140 overexpression in neural stem cells and revealed a behavioral phenotype that may be used as a framework for further investigating the neuropathogenesis of Down syndrome.
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41
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Li Y, Cao T, Ritzel RM, He J, Faden AI, Wu J. Dementia, Depression, and Associated Brain Inflammatory Mechanisms after Spinal Cord Injury. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061420. [PMID: 32521597 PMCID: PMC7349379 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of the chronic effects of spinal cord injury (SCI) has long focused on sensorimotor deficits, neuropathic pain, bladder/bowel dysfunction, loss of sexual function, and emotional distress. Although not well appreciated clinically, SCI can cause cognitive impairment including deficits in learning and memory, executive function, attention, and processing speed; it also commonly leads to depression. Recent large-scale longitudinal population-based studies indicate that patients with isolated SCI (without concurrent brain injury) are at a high risk of dementia associated with substantial cognitive impairments. Yet, little basic research has addressed potential mechanisms for cognitive impairment and depression after injury. In addition to contributing to disability in their own right, these changes can adversely affect rehabilitation and recovery and reduce quality of life. Here, we review clinical and experimental work on the complex and varied responses in the brain following SCI. We also discuss potential mechanisms responsible for these less well-examined, important SCI consequences. In addition, we outline the existing and developing therapeutic options aimed at reducing SCI-induced brain neuroinflammation and post-injury cognitive and emotional impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (Y.L.); (T.C.); (R.M.R.); (J.H.); (A.I.F.)
| | - Tuoxin Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (Y.L.); (T.C.); (R.M.R.); (J.H.); (A.I.F.)
| | - Rodney M. Ritzel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (Y.L.); (T.C.); (R.M.R.); (J.H.); (A.I.F.)
| | - Junyun He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (Y.L.); (T.C.); (R.M.R.); (J.H.); (A.I.F.)
| | - Alan I. Faden
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (Y.L.); (T.C.); (R.M.R.); (J.H.); (A.I.F.)
- University of Maryland Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Junfang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (Y.L.); (T.C.); (R.M.R.); (J.H.); (A.I.F.)
- University of Maryland Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-410-706-5189
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Structural elucidation of a pectin from roots of Polygala tenuifolia and its neuritogenesis inducing activity in PC12 cells. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 236:116048. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Gothié J, Vancamp P, Demeneix B, Remaud S. Thyroid hormone regulation of neural stem cell fate: From development to ageing. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13316. [PMID: 31121082 PMCID: PMC9286394 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the vertebrate brain, neural stem cells (NSCs) generate both neuronal and glial cells throughout life. However, their neuro‐ and gliogenic capacity changes as a function of the developmental context. Despite the growing body of evidence on the variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors regulating NSC physiology, their precise cellular and molecular actions are not fully determined. Our review focuses on thyroid hormone (TH), a vital component for both development and adult brain function that regulates NSC biology at all stages. First, we review comparative data to analyse how TH modulates neuro‐ and gliogenesis during vertebrate brain development. Second, as the mammalian brain is the most studied, we highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying TH action in this context. Lastly, we explore how the interplay between TH signalling and cell metabolism governs both neurodevelopmental and adult neurogenesis. We conclude that, together, TH and cellular metabolism regulate optimal brain formation, maturation and function from early foetal life to adult in vertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐David Gothié
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery Montreal Neurological Institute & Hospital, McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Pieter Vancamp
- CNRS UMR 7221 Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris France
| | | | - Sylvie Remaud
- CNRS UMR 7221 Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris France
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Smith PJ. Pathways of Prevention: A Scoping Review of Dietary and Exercise Interventions for Neurocognition. Brain Plast 2019; 5:3-38. [PMID: 31970058 PMCID: PMC6971820 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-190083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) represent an increasingly urgent public health concern, with an increasing number of baby boomers now at risk. Due to a lack of efficacious therapies among symptomatic older adults, an increasing emphasis has been placed on preventive measures that can curb or even prevent ADRD development among middle-aged adults. Lifestyle modification using aerobic exercise and dietary modification represents one of the primary treatment modalities used to mitigate ADRD risk, with an increasing number of trials demonstrating that exercise and dietary change, individually and together, improve neurocognitive performance among middle-aged and older adults. Despite several optimistic findings, examination of treatment changes across lifestyle interventions reveals a variable pattern of improvements, with large individual differences across trials. The present review attempts to synthesize available literature linking lifestyle modification to neurocognitive changes, outline putative mechanisms of treatment improvement, and discuss discrepant trial findings. In addition, previous mechanistic assumptions linking lifestyle to neurocognition are discussed, with a focus on potential solutions to improve our understanding of individual neurocognitive differences in response to lifestyle modification. Specific recommendations include integration of contemporary causal inference approaches for analyzing parallel mechanistic pathways and treatment-exposure interactions. Methodological recommendations include trial multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) design approaches that leverage individual differences for improved treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Primary), Duke University Medical Center, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine (Secondary), Duke University Medical Center, NC, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences (Secondary), Duke University, NC, USA
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45
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The m 6A epitranscriptome: transcriptome plasticity in brain development and function. Nat Rev Neurosci 2019; 21:36-51. [PMID: 31804615 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-019-0244-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The field of epitranscriptomics examines the recently deciphered form of gene expression regulation that is mediated by type- and site-specific RNA modifications. Similarly to the role played by epigenetic mechanisms - which operate via DNA and histone modifications - epitranscriptomic modifications are involved in the control of the delicate gene expression patterns that are needed for the development and activity of the nervous system and are essential for basic and higher brain functions. Here we describe the mechanisms that are involved in the writing, erasing and reading of N6-methyladenosine, the most prevalent internal mRNA modification, and the emerging roles played by N6-methyladenosine in the nervous system.
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Jain S, LaFrancois JJ, Botterill JJ, Alcantara-Gonzalez D, Scharfman HE. Adult neurogenesis in the mouse dentate gyrus protects the hippocampus from neuronal injury following severe seizures. Hippocampus 2019; 29:683-709. [PMID: 30672046 PMCID: PMC6640126 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that reducing the numbers of adult-born neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the mouse increases susceptibility to severe continuous seizures (status epilepticus; SE) evoked by systemic injection of the convulsant kainic acid (KA). However, it was not clear if the results would be the same for other ways to induce seizures, or if SE-induced damage would be affected. Therefore, we used pilocarpine, which induces seizures by a different mechanism than KA. Also, we quantified hippocampal damage after SE. In addition, we used both loss-of-function and gain-of-function methods in adult mice. We hypothesized that after loss-of-function, mice would be more susceptible to pilocarpine-induced SE and SE-associated hippocampal damage, and after gain-of-function, mice would be more protected from SE and hippocampal damage after SE. For loss-of-function, adult neurogenesis was suppressed by pharmacogenetic deletion of dividing radial glial precursors. For gain-of-function, adult neurogenesis was increased by conditional deletion of pro-apoptotic gene Bax in Nestin-expressing progenitors. Fluoro-Jade C (FJ-C) was used to quantify neuronal injury and video-electroencephalography (video-EEG) was used to quantify SE. Pilocarpine-induced SE was longer in mice with reduced adult neurogenesis, SE had more power and neuronal damage was greater. Conversely, mice with increased adult-born neurons had shorter SE, SE had less power, and there was less neuronal damage. The results suggest that adult-born neurons exert protective effects against SE and SE-induced neuronal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Jain
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute of Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd., Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - John J. LaFrancois
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute of Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd., Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Justin J. Botterill
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute of Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd., Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - David Alcantara-Gonzalez
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute of Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd., Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Helen E. Scharfman
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute of Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd., Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Departments of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Neuroscience & Physiology, and Psychiatry, New York Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Choi C, Kim T, Chang KT, Min K. DSCR1-mediated TET1 splicing regulates miR-124 expression to control adult hippocampal neurogenesis. EMBO J 2019; 38:e101293. [PMID: 31304631 PMCID: PMC6627232 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018101293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether epigenetic factors such as DNA methylation and microRNAs interact to control adult hippocampal neurogenesis is not fully understood. Here, we show that Down syndrome critical region 1 (DSCR1) protein plays a key role in adult hippocampal neurogenesis by modulating two epigenetic factors: TET1 and miR-124. We find that DSCR1 mutant mice have impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis. DSCR1 binds to TET1 introns to regulate splicing of TET1, thereby modulating TET1 level. Furthermore, TET1 controls the demethylation of the miRNA-124 promoter to modulate miR-124 expression. Correcting the level of TET1 in DSCR1 knockout mice is sufficient to prevent defective adult neurogenesis. Importantly, restoring DSCR1 level in a Down syndrome mouse model effectively rescued adult neurogenesis and learning and memory deficits. Our study reveals that DSCR1 plays a critical upstream role in epigenetic regulation of adult neurogenesis and provides insights into potential therapeutic strategy for treating cognitive defects in Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiyeol Choi
- Department of Biological SciencesSchool of Life SciencesUlsan National Institute of Science and TechnologyUlsanKorea
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for ProteostasisUlsan National Institute of Science and TechnologyUlsanKorea
| | - Taehoon Kim
- Department of Biological SciencesSchool of Life SciencesUlsan National Institute of Science and TechnologyUlsanKorea
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for ProteostasisUlsan National Institute of Science and TechnologyUlsanKorea
| | - Karen T Chang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic InstituteKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Kyung‐Tai Min
- Department of Biological SciencesSchool of Life SciencesUlsan National Institute of Science and TechnologyUlsanKorea
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for ProteostasisUlsan National Institute of Science and TechnologyUlsanKorea
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Neurogenesis and antidepressant action. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 377:95-106. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Pancaro C, Boulanger-Bertolus J, Segal S, Watson CJ, St Charles I, Mashour GA, Marchand JE. Maternal Noninfectious Fever Enhances Cell Proliferation and Microglial Activation in the Neonatal Rat Dentate Gyrus. Anesth Analg 2019; 128:1190-1198. [PMID: 31094787 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fever and increased maternal interleukin-6 (IL-6) plasma levels in labor are associated with an increased risk of adverse events in offspring, including neonatal seizures, cerebral palsy, and low intelligence scores at school age. However, the neural changes in the neonate that might mediate the adverse effects of maternal noninfectious fever are not fully characterized. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that induced maternal noninfectious fever alters neonatal neural progenitor cell proliferation and enhances microglial activation in the rat dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. METHODS Systemic vehicle or IL-6 was given 3 times to near-term pregnant rats (n = 7/group) every 90 minutes, and maternal core temperature was recorded. Neonatal brains were processed and analyzed for dentate gyrus cell proliferation (using Ki-67, n = 10/group, and glial fibrillary acidic protein, n = 6/group) and resident microglia activation (using ionized calcium-binding adaptor protein-1 [Iba-1], n = 6/group). In separate studies, the authors assessed microglia proliferation using Ki-67/Iba-1 costaining (n = 5/group). RESULTS Compared to controls, exposure to IL-6 resulted in significant maternal temperature increase [mean temperature difference 0.558°C (95% CI, 0.417-0.698; P < .0001)]. Following maternal IL-6, Ki-67 cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus was 55 % higher in neonates whose mother received IL-6 (38.8 ± 9.2) compared with those that received vehicle (25.1 ± 7.8); mean difference 13.7 (95% CI, 5.68-21.71); (P = .0021). Glial fibrillary acidic protein cell proliferation was 40% higher in the neonatal dentate gyrus whose mother received IL-6 when compared to controls (713 ± 85.52 vs 500 ± 115); mean difference 212 (95% CI, 82.2-343.4); (P = .004). Resident microglial activation was 90% higher in the dentate gyrus of neonates whose mother received IL-6 when compared to controls (71.8 ± 9.3 vs 37.8 ± 5.95); mean Iba-1 in stained cells was significantly different between IL-6 and vehicle groups 34 (95% CI, 23.94-44.05); (P < .0001). Proliferating microglia, determined by the colocalization of Ki-67 and Iba-1, were not different in the vehicle (8.8 % ± 3.19 %) and the IL-6 (5.6% ± 2.3%) groups (mean difference 3.2% (95% CI, -0.8-7.25) (P = .1063). CONCLUSIONS IL-6 is sufficient to induce maternal systemic temperature increases in near-term pregnant rats as well as neuronal, glial, and neuroinflammatory changes in the dentate gyrus of the neonatal hippocampus. These alterations might disrupt fetal neurodevelopment during a vulnerable period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Pancaro
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Julie Boulanger-Bertolus
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Scott Segal
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Chris J Watson
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Irene St Charles
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - George A Mashour
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - James E Marchand
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Aberrant neurogenesis may contribute to the pathogenesis, pathophysiology and symptoms of schizophrenia. This review summarizes the state of knowledge of adult neurogenesis in schizophrenia and raises important unanswered questions. We highlight how alterations in signalling molecules in the local and peripheral environments in schizophrenia may regulate adult neurogenesis in the human subgranular zone of the hippocampus and the subependymal zone (SEZ). RECENT FINDINGS Cell proliferation and density of mature neurons are reduced in the hippocampus, yet the extent of adult neurogenesis remains unexplored in the SEZ in schizophrenia. The human SEZ is a major source of postnatally migrating cortical and striatal inhibitory interneurons, indicating that aberrant neurogenesis may extend to the SEZ and contribute to inhibitory interneuron deficits in schizophrenia. Trophic factors and inflammatory cytokines regulate the generation of new neurons in rodents, suggesting that altered expression of these signalling molecules in the brain, peripheral vasculature and cerebrospinal fluid in schizophrenia may impact adult neurogenesis in both the hippocampus and the SEZ. SUMMARY Knowledge about adult neurogenesis remains scant in schizophrenia. We propose that a more rigorous examination of adult neurogenesis in relation to regulatory signalling molecules will allow us to identify how abnormalities may contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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