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Ostadmohammadi V, Namazi MJ, Rezasoltani M, Kheirkhah D, Rajabi M, Sharif A, Taghavi Ardakani A, Raygan F, Assareh AA, Sharif MR. Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Inflammatory Status and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Overweight or Obese Children: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:3496-3503. [PMID: 37989929 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03954-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present clinical trial was to determine the impact of zinc supplementation on serum liver enzymes, steatosis severity, lipid profile, and inflammatory status in overweight or obese children with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This randomized controlled trial was conducted by enrolling 60 children with NASH, aged 10-18 years old. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups that received either 30 mg/day of elemental zinc or placebo for 16 weeks. The severity of liver steatosis was evaluated using liver ultrasonography. Fasting blood samples were collected from each patient at the beginning and after 16 weeks of intervention to measure biochemical parameters. Following a 16-week intervention, zinc supplementation compared with placebo significantly decreased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and considerably enhanced HDL-cholesterol values. However, zinc intake had no considerable impact on aspartate aminotransferase, the severity of liver steatosis, anthropometric parameters, and other lipid indices versus the placebo group. Overall, zinc supplementation showed a promising impact on serum ALT, HDL-cholesterol, and inflammatory status in overweight or obese children suffering from NASH. Zinc supplementation may be a new strategy for the amelioration of NASH in overweight or obese children. This trial has been registered on the Iranian website for registration of clinical trials with the special ID of IRCT20200531047614N1 ( https://www.irct.ir/trial/48543 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahidreza Ostadmohammadi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Javad Namazi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Department of Health Sciences and Social Work, Western Illinois University, Macomb, USA
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Rezasoltani
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Kheirkhah
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rajabi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Sharif
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Abbas Taghavi Ardakani
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fariba Raygan
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amelia A Assareh
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mohammad Reza Sharif
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Yu Y, Chen R, Li Z, Luo K, Taylor MP, Hao C, Chen Q, Zhou Y, Kuang H, Hu G, Chen X, Li H, Dong C, Dong GH. Associations of urinary zinc exposure with blood lipid profiles and dyslipidemia: Mediating effect of serum uric acid. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168951. [PMID: 38042193 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between zinc (Zn) exposure and abnormal blood lipids including dyslipidemia is contentious. Serum uric acid (SUA) has been reported to be correlated to both Zn exposure and dyslipidemia. The underlying mechanisms of Zn exposure associated with blood lipids and the mediating effects of SUA remain unclear. Therefore, this study analyzed the data from Chinese 2110 adults (mean age: 59.0 years old) in rural areas across China to explore the associations of Zn exposure with blood lipid profiles and dyslipidemia, and to further estimate the mediating effects of SUA in these relationships. The study data showed that urinary Zn was associated with increased levels of blood lipid components triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Moreover, an increased risk of dyslipidemia was observed in the study participants who had higher urinary Zn levels. Compared with the first quartile, the fourth quartile of urinary Zn concentration corresponded to the increase of TG (β = 0.20, 95 % CI: 0.12, 0.28), LDL-C (β = 0.06, 95 % CI: 0.01, 0.10) and dyslipidemia risk (OR = 2.16, 95 % CI: 1.50, 3.10), respectively. Elevated urinary Zn was also associated with higher levels of SUA and hyperuricemia risk. The SUA levels were positively related to total cholesterol (TC), TG, LDL-C levels and dyslipidemia risk. Mediation analyses revealed that SUA mediated 31.75 %, 46.16 % and 19.25 % of the associations of urinary Zn with TG, LDL-C levels and dyslipidemia risk, respectively. The subgroup and sensitivity analyses confirmed the positive associations between urinary Zn and blood lipid profiles and the mediating effect of SUA. The national population-based study further enhanced our understanding of the associations between Zn exposure and blood lipid profiles and mediating effect of SUA among generally healthy, middle-aged, and elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjiang Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China.
| | - Runan Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Zhenchi Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Kai Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York 10461, USA
| | - Mark Patrick Taylor
- Environment Protection Authority Victoria, Centre for Applied Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria 3085, Australia
| | - Chaojie Hao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Hongxuan Kuang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Guocheng Hu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Xichao Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Chenyin Dong
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Zhang J, Cheng X, Wei Y, Zhang Z, Zhou Q, Guan Y, Yan Y, Wang R, Jia C, An J, He M. Epigenome-wide perspective of cadmium-associated DNA methylation and its mediation role in the associations of cadmium with lipid levels and dyslipidemia risk. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 184:114409. [PMID: 38128686 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies demonstrated the associations of cadmium (Cd) with lipid levels and dyslipidemia risk, but the mechanisms involved need further exploration. OBJECTIVES We aimed to explore the role of DNA methylation (DNAM) in the relationship of Cd with lipid levels and dyslipidemia risk. METHODS Urinary cadmium levels (UCd) were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein were measured with kits, and DNAM was measured using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. Robust linear regressions were conducted for epigenome-wide association study. Multivariate linear and logistic regressions were performed to explore the associations of UCd with lipid levels and dyslipidemia risk, respectively. Mediation analyses were conducted to explore potential mediating role of DNAM in the associations of Cd with lipid levels and dyslipidemia risk. RESULTS UCd was negatively associated with HDL levels (p = 0.01) and positively associated with dyslipidemia (p < 0.01). There were 92/11 DMPs/DMRs (FDR<0.05) associated with UCd. Cd-associated DNAM and pathways were connected with cardiometabolic diseases and immunity. Cg07829377 (LINC01060) mediated 42.05%/22.88% of the UCd-HDL/UCd-dyslipidemia associations (p = 0.02 and 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Cadmium caused site-specific DNAM alterations and the associations of UCd with lipid levels and dyslipidemia risk may be partially mediated by DNAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhen Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yue Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China; Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Zefang Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China; Department of Tuberculosis Control, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qihang Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Youbing Guan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ruixin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Chengyong Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jun An
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Meian He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Lu L, Li Y, Chen C, Zhang Y, Guo W, Zhang S, Kahe K. Associations of cadmium exposure with risk of metabolic syndrome and its individual components: a meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 33:846-854. [PMID: 35585250 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-022-00444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Data directly associating cadmium (Cd) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) are sparse and inconsistent. We aimed to quantitatively assess the association of Cd exposure with risk of MetS and its individual components. Literature searching was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE-OVID through September, 2021. Weighted odds ratios (ORs) for MetS and its components were pooled by comparing the highest to the lowest category of Cd exposure using random-effects models. Eleven (10 from Asia and 1 from the US) cross-sectional studies (33,887 participants and 7176 cases) were identified. Overall, Cd exposure was not associated with risk of MetS [OR: 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.92, 1.28]. However, the association became significant when pooling Asian studies (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.35), and it was more pronounced with Cd measured in blood (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.45). Additionally, Cd exposure was significantly associated with reduced HDL-cholesterol (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.54) and elevated triglyceride (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.30), but not other components. This meta-analysis indicates that Cd exposure is associated with risk of MetS among Asian populations, which is mainly explained by Cd's association with dyslipidemia. Further studies are needed to better understand the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Yuexia Li
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Yijia Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Wenzhi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Shuijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Ka Kahe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Lundin KK, Qadeer YK, Wang Z, Virani S, Leischik R, Lavie CJ, Strauss M, Krittanawong C. Contaminant Metals and Cardiovascular Health. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:450. [PMID: 37998508 PMCID: PMC10671885 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10110450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of research has begun to link exposure to environmental contaminants, such as heavy metals, with a variety of negative health outcomes. In this paper, we sought to review the current research describing the impact of certain common contaminant metals on cardiovascular (CV) health. We reviewed ten metals: lead, barium, nickel, chromium, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, selenium, zinc, and copper. After a literature review, we briefly summarized the routes of environmental exposure, pathophysiological mechanisms, CV health impacts, and exposure prevention and/or mitigation strategies for each metal. The resulting article discloses a broad spectrum of pathological significance, from relatively benign substances with little to no described effects on CV health, such as chromium and selenium, to substances with a wide-ranging and relatively severe spectrum of CV pathologies, such as arsenic, cadmium, and lead. It is our hope that this article will provide clinicians with a practical overview of the impact of these common environmental contaminants on CV health as well as highlight areas that require further investigation to better understand how these metals impact the incidence and progression of CV diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Kristian Lundin
- Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (K.K.L.); (Y.K.Q.)
| | - Yusuf Kamran Qadeer
- Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (K.K.L.); (Y.K.Q.)
| | - Zhen Wang
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Salim Virani
- Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (K.K.L.); (Y.K.Q.)
- The Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
- Section of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Roman Leischik
- Department of Cardiology, Sector Preventive Medicine, Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, University Witten/Herdecke, 58095 Hagen, Germany
| | - Carl J. Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA
| | - Markus Strauss
- Department of Cardiology, Sector Preventive Medicine, Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, University Witten/Herdecke, 58095 Hagen, Germany
- Department of Cardiology I- Coronary and Periphal Vascular Disease, Heart Failure Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Cardiol, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Chayakrit Krittanawong
- Cardiology Division, NYU Langone Health and NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Cakmak S, Mitchell K, Lukina A, Dales R. Do blood metals influence lipid profiles? Findings of a cross-sectional population-based survey. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116107. [PMID: 37187310 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia, an imbalance of lipids and a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, has been associated with elevated blood and urine levels of several heavy metals. Using data from a Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS), we tested associations between blood levels of cadmium, copper, mercury, lead, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, and zinc, and the lipids triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoproteins (LDL), high density lipoproteins (HDL) and apolipoproteins A1 (APO A1), and B (APO B). All adjusted associations between single metals and lipids were positive and significant, except for APO A1 and HDL. The joint effect of an interquartile range increase in heavy metals was positively associated with percentage increases of TC, LDL and APO B of 8.82% (95%CI: 7.06, 10.57), 7.01% (95%CI: 2.51, 11.51) and 7.15% (95%CI: 0.51, 13.78), respectively. Future studies are warranted to determine if reducing environmental exposure to heavy metals favorably influences lipid profiles and the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabit Cakmak
- Population Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kimberly Mitchell
- Population Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Lukina
- Population Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Dales
- Population Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Disturbed Ratios between Essential and Toxic Trace Elements as Potential Biomarkers of Acute Ischemic Stroke. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061434. [PMID: 36986164 PMCID: PMC10058587 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are known to be two of the metal contaminants that pose the greatest potential threat to human health. The purpose of this research study was to compare the levels of toxic metals (Cd, Pb) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), with a control group in Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland. The study also aimed to assess the correlations between toxic metals and clinical data in AIS patients, and to assess the potential effect of smoking. Materials and methods: The levels of mineral components in the collected blood samples were assessed by means of atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Results: The Cd blood concentration was significantly higher in AIS patients as compared to the control group. We found that the molar ratios of Cd/Zn and Cd/Pb were significantly higher (p < 0.001; p < 0.001, respectively), when the molar ratios of Se/Pb, Se/Cd, and Cu/Cd were significantly lower (p = 0.01; p < 0.001; p < 0.001, respectively), in AIS patients as compared to control subjects. However, there were no considerable fluctuations in relation to the blood Pb concentration or molar ratios of Zn/Pb and Cu/Pb between our AIS patients and the control group. We also found that patients with internal carotid artery (ICA) atherosclerosis, particularly those with 20–50% ICA stenosis, had higher concentrations of Cd and Cd/Zn, but lower Cu/Cd and Se/Cd molar ratios. In the course of our analysis, we observed that current smokers among AIS patients had significantly higher blood-Cd concentrations, Cd/Zn and Cd/Pb molar ratios, and hemoglobin levels, but significantly lower HDL-C concentrations, Se/Cd, and Cu/Cd molar ratios. Conclusions: Our research has shown that the disruption of the metal balance plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AIS. Furthermore, our results broaden those of previous studies on the exposure to Cd and Pb as risk factors for AIS. Further investigations are necessary to examine the probable mechanisms of Cd and Pb in the onset of ischemic stroke. The Cd/Zn molar ratio may be a useful biomarker of atherosclerosis in AIS patients. An accurate assessment of changes in the molar ratios of essential and toxic trace elements could serve as a valuable indicator of the nutritional status and levels of oxidative stress in AIS patients. It is critical to investigate the potential role of exposure to metal mixtures in AIS, due to its public health implications.
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Oligochaeta ramosa (Roxb.) Extract Regulates Lipid Metabolism and Exerts Hepatoprotective Effects in Cadmium-Induced Hepatic Injury in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2756769. [PMID: 36387365 PMCID: PMC9643055 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2756769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollutants present a potential source of toxicity when exposed to humans. The study was aimed at investigating the potential of Oligochaeta ramosa (Roxb.) as a hepatoprotective agent in cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity causing lipid profile disturbance. The aqueous methanolic (30 : 70 v/v) extract of O. ramosa Roxb. (AME.Or) was subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis, whereas the antioxidant activity of its constituents was investigated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The hepatoprotective and antihyperlipidemic effects of AME.Or was investigated by dividing animals into five groups (A-E). Animals were either treated with normal saline or CdCl2 (6.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) followed by treatment with silymarin (100 mg/kg), or AME.Or (200 mg/kg) and AME.Or (400 mg/kg) for consecutive three weeks. Blood samples were collected, and the serum lipid profile was assessed on the 11th and 21st day of treatment. Histopathological analysis was performed after euthanization. In vitro analysis of AME.Or revealed 64% inhibition as free radicals scavenging potential during DPPH, total phenolic content (TPC) (79.92 mgGAE/g), and total flavonoids content (TFC) (38.75 mgRE/g). The group intoxicated with CdCl2 showed significantly high (p ≤ 0.05) levels of the liver function indicators and lipid profile than in the control group. The higher dose of AME.Or (400 mg/kg) significantly decreased the aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (p ≤ 0.001), decreased total cholesterol and triglycerides (p ≤ 0.01) while significantly increased high density lipoprotein (HDL; p ≤ 0.01) as compared to the intoxicated group. The histopathological analysis of the liver revealed signs of necrosis in the intoxicated group, while AME.Or treated groups showed marked improvement. The findings accentuate the therapeutic importance of O. ramosa (Roxb.) as a hepatoprotective remedy.
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The Beneficial Impact of Zinc Supplementation on the Vascular Tissue of the Abdominal Aorta under Repeated Intoxication with Cadmium: A Study in an In Vivo Experimental Model. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194080. [PMID: 36235732 PMCID: PMC9570965 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In an in vivo rat model of human exposure to cadmium (Cd; 5 and 50 mg/L, 6 months), whether the supplementation with zinc (Zn; 30 and 60 mg/L, increasing its daily intake by 79% and 151%, respectively) protects against the unfavourable impact of this xenobiotic on the vascular tissue of the abdominal aorta was investigated. The treatment with Cd led to oxidative stress and increased the concentrations of pro-inflammatory interleukin 1β (IL-1β), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and decreased the concentration of anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 (IL-10) in the vascular tissue. Cd decreased the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), and L-selectin on the endothelial cells. The administration of Zn prevented most of the Cd-induced alterations or at least weakened them (except for the expression of adhesive molecules). In conclusion, Zn supplementation may protect from the toxic impact of Cd on the blood vessels and thus exert a beneficial influence on the cardiovascular system. The increase in the intake of Zn by 79% may be sufficient to provide this protection and the effect is related to the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiatherogenic properties of this essential element.
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Renu K, Mukherjee AG, Wanjari UR, Vinayagam S, Veeraraghavan VP, Vellingiri B, George A, Lagoa R, Sattu K, Dey A, Gopalakrishnan AV. Misuse of Cardiac Lipid upon Exposure to Toxic Trace Elements-A Focused Review. Molecules 2022; 27:5657. [PMID: 36080424 PMCID: PMC9457865 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals and metalloids like cadmium, arsenic, mercury, and lead are frequently found in the soil, water, food, and atmosphere; trace amounts can cause serious health issues to the human organism. These toxic trace elements (TTE) affect almost all the organs, mainly the heart, kidney, liver, lungs, and the nervous system, through increased free radical formation, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and protein sulfhydryl depletion. This work aims to advance our understanding of the mechanisms behind lipid accumulation via increased free fatty acid levels in circulation due to TTEs. The increased lipid level in the myocardium worsens the heart function. This dysregulation of the lipid metabolism leads to damage in the structure of the myocardium, inclusive fibrosis in cardiac tissue, myocyte apoptosis, and decreased contractility due to mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, it is discussed herein how exposure to cadmium decreases the heart rate, contractile tension, the conductivity of the atrioventricular node, and coronary flow rate. Arsenic may induce atherosclerosis by increasing platelet aggregation and reducing fibrinolysis, as exposure interferes with apolipoprotein (Apo) levels, resulting in the rise of the Apo-B/Apo-A1 ratio and an elevated risk of acute cardiovascular events. Concerning mercury and lead, these toxicants can cause hypertension, myocardial infarction, and carotid atherosclerosis, in association with the generation of free radicals and oxidative stress. This review offers a complete overview of the critical factors and biomarkers of lipid and TTE-induced cardiotoxicity useful for developing future protective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaviyarasi Renu
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sathishkumar Vinayagam
- Department of Biotechnology, PG Extension Centre, Periyar University, Dharmapuri 636701, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alex George
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur 680005, Kerala, India
| | - Ricardo Lagoa
- School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Kamaraj Sattu
- Department of Biotechnology, PG Extension Centre, Periyar University, Dharmapuri 636701, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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Gebeyew K, Jiang C, Gao Q, Zhang L, Zhu H, Tian Y, Wang Q, Wei Y, Tan Z, Han X. Cadmium Accumulation in the Goat Liver and Kidney Is Partially Promoted by the Upregulation of Metal Transporter Genes. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12111408. [PMID: 35681874 PMCID: PMC9179383 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal transporters, including divalent metal-ion transporter-1 (DMT1), Zrt-/Irt-like protein 8 and 14 (ZIP8 and ZIP14), and ferroportin-1 (FPN1), reportedly participate in cellular cadmium (Cd) uptake, but those in farm animals remain unclarified. This study aimed to examine the growth, plasma biochemical indices, Cd accumulation, and expression of metal transporter genes in the liver, kidney, and muscle of goats exposed to rice paddies contaminated with different levels of Cd. Twenty-four goats were randomly assigned across three dietary treatments: 0.23, 0.63, and 1.07 mg of Cd/kg of dry matter (DM) for 60 days. The results showed that dietary Cd exposure increased (p < 0.05) both Cd accumulation and the mRNA expressions of metal transporter genes (DMT1, ZIP, and FPN1) in the liver and kidney but not in the muscle, suggesting dietary Cd exhibited different deposition rates between goat liver, kidney, and muscle. These outcomes suggest that high levels of dietary Cd stimulated the expression of metal transporter genes and thereby enhanced the uptake and accumulation of Cd in the goat liver and kidney. As such, higher Cd concentrations in the liver and kidney observed with Cd diets could be partly explained by upregulation of metal transport genes expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefyalew Gebeyew
- Key Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Science and Technology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China; (K.G.); (C.J.); (Q.G.)
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.T.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.T.)
| | - Chunyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Science and Technology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China; (K.G.); (C.J.); (Q.G.)
| | - Qinghua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Science and Technology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China; (K.G.); (C.J.); (Q.G.)
| | - Liping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.T.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.T.)
| | - Hanhua Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.T.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.T.)
| | - Yushi Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.T.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.T.)
| | - Qi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.T.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.T.)
| | - Yuqing Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.T.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.T.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.T.)
| | - Xuefeng Han
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.T.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-731-84615218; Fax: +86-731-84612685
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Bhattacharya S. Protective Role of the Essential Trace Elements in the Obviation of Cadmium Toxicity: Glimpses of Mechanisms. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2239-2246. [PMID: 34283363 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02827-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is toxic non-essential heavy metal that precipitates adverse health effects in humans and animals. Chelation therapy, the typical treatment for cadmium toxicity, has certain safety and efficacy issues to treat long term cadmium toxicity, in particular. Recent studies have shown that essential trace elements can play important roles in obviating experimental Cd toxicity. This study organizes and reviews the prototypical evidences of the protective effects of essential trace elements against Cd toxicity in animals and attempts to point out the underlying mechanisms. Zinc, selenium, iron, and combinations thereof are reported to be active. The major mechanisms elucidated inter alia are-induction of metallothionein (MT) synthesis and Cd-MT binding (for zinc), modulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis, interference in cadmium absorption and accumulation from body-thereby maintenance of essential metal homeostasis and cytoprotection. Based on the findings, essential trace elements can be recommended for the susceptible population. The application of these trace elements appears beneficial for both the prevention and remediation of long-term Cd toxicity operative via multiple mechanisms with no or minimal adverse effects as compared to the conventional chelation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Bhattacharya
- West Bengal Medical Services Corporation Ltd., GN 29, Sector V, Salt Lake City, Kolkata, 700091, West Bengal, India.
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13
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An exploratory identification of biological markers of chronic musculoskeletal pain in the low back, neck, and shoulders. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266999. [PMID: 35427389 PMCID: PMC9012384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study was an in-depth exploration of unique data from a nationally representative sample of adults living in the United States to identify biomarkers associated with musculoskeletal pain. Methods We performed secondary analyses of 2003–2004 NHANES data. After a first screening of 187 markers, analyses of 31 biomarkers were conducted on participants aged ≥20 years identified in all counties using the 2000 Census Bureau data (n = 4,742). To assess the association of each biomarker with each pain outcome (acute, subacute and chronic low back, neck, and shoulder pain), analyses were carried out using multivariable logistic regression with adjustments for sex, age and body mass index. Biomarkers were considered as continuous variables and categorized at the median of their distributions. Results Pain at any site for ≥24 hours during the past month was reported by 1,214 participants. Of these, 779 mentioned that the pain had lasted for ≥3 months (“chronic pain”). α-carotene, ascorbic acid, β-carotene, mercury and total protein had a statistically significant, inverse association with ≥2 chronic pain sites. Acrylamide, alkaline phosphatase, cadmium, cotinine, glycidamide, homocysteine, retinol, triglycerides and white blood cell count were positively associated with ≥2 chronic pain sites. Few biological markers were associated with acute and subacute pain. Conclusions This study identified some biomarkers that were strongly and consistently associated with musculoskeletal pain. These results raise new hypotheses and could have tremendous implications for advancing knowledge in the field. Research on musculoskeletal pain needs to put more effort on the biological dimension of the biopsychosocial model of pain.
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Fagerberg B, Barregard L. Review of cadmium exposure and smoking-independent effects on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the general population. J Intern Med 2021; 290:1153-1179. [PMID: 34157165 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to cadmium (Cd) via food and smoking is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Blood and urine levels of Cd are established biomarkers of exposure. OBJECTIVES To review (1) the smoking-independent associations between Cd exposure and ASCVD, including the possible presence of a nonlinear dose-response relationship with Cd exposure and (2) the causal effects of Cd exposure on different stages of atherosclerosis. METHODS Narrative review. RESULTS Cd confers increased risk of ASCVD and asymptomatic atherosclerosis in the carotid and coronary arteries above B-Cd >0.5 μg/L or U-Cd >0.5 μg/g creatinine, but it has not been shown below a threshold of these exposure levels. Adjustment for smoking does not exclude the possibility of residual confounding, but several studies in never-smoking cohorts have shown associations between Cd and ASCVD, and experimental studies have demonstrated pro-atherosclerotic effects of Cd. Cd accumulates in arterial walls and atherosclerotic plaques, reaching levels shown to have proatherosclerotic effects. Suggested early effects are increased subendothelial retention of atherogenic lipoproteins, which become oxidized, and endothelial dysfunction and damage with increased permeability for monocytes, which in the intima turn to macrophages and then to foam cells. Later, Cd may contribute to plaque rupture and erosion by endothelial apoptosis and degradation of the fibrous cap. Finally, by having prothrombotic and antifibrinolytic effects, the CVD risk may be further increased. CONCLUSIONS There is strong evidence that Cd causes ASCVD above a suggested exposure level via mechanisms in early as well as the late stages of atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Fagerberg
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Barregard
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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15
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Immunomodulation by heavy metals as a contributing factor to inflammatory diseases and autoimmune reactions: Cadmium as an example. Immunol Lett 2021; 240:106-122. [PMID: 34688722 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) represents a unique hazard because of the long biological half-life in humans (20-30 years). This metal accumulates in organs causing a continuum of responses, with organ disease/failure as extreme outcome. Some of the cellular and molecular alterations in target tissues can be related to immune-modulating potential of Cd. This metal may cause adverse responses in which components of the immune system function as both mediators and effectors of Cd tissue toxicity, which, in combination with Cd-induced alterations in homeostatic reparative activities may contribute to tissue dysfunction. In this work, current knowledge concerning inflammatory/autoimmune disease manifestations found to be related with cadmium exposure are summarized. Along with epidemiological evidence, animal and in vitro data are presented, with focus on cellular and molecular immune mechanisms potentially relevant for the disease susceptibility, disease promotion, or facilitating development of pre-existing pathologies.
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16
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Sundaresan S, John S, Paneerselvam G, Andiapppan R, Christopher G, Selvam GS. Gallic acid attenuates cadmium mediated cardiac hypertrophic remodelling through upregulation of Nrf2 and PECAM-1signalling in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 87:103701. [PMID: 34237468 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA) is an abundant natural polyphenolic compound found in vegetable and fruits that reduces the cardiac disease risk factor. This study aims to evaluate GA's role on cadmium (Cd) induced cardiac remodelling in experimental rats. Male Wistar rats were exposed to Cd (15 ppm) in drinking water and administered with GA orally (15 mg/kg/d) for 60 days. The results showed that GA regulated the lipid profile and reduced the LDL to 57 % compared with Cd treated rats. GA inhibited cardiac marker enzymes activity of CK-NAC (to 72.7 %) and CK-MB (to 100.3 %). Moreover, GA attenuated lipid peroxidation and enhanced the cardiac glutathione S transferase (GST) activity (89.2 %), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (87 %), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (88.4 %) and catalase (CAT) activity (86.5 %). Histopathological examination showed that GA impaired the ventricular hypertrophy and fibrotic proliferation induced by Cd in rats. The combination of GA + Cd, decreased the gene expression of ANP (1-fold), BNP (0.5-fold) and β- MHC (0.9-fold). Furthermore, GA significantly reduced the expression of profibrotic (TGF-β) and proinflammatory (MCP-1) gene in Cd intoxicated rats. GA upregulated the expression of Nrf2 (2-fold), HO-1 (3-fold), and PECAM-1 (0.6-fold), which augments the detoxifying enzyme activity and cellular immunity in Cd intoxicated rats. The increased protein expression of Nrf2, PECAM-1 and decreased AKT-1 levels confirmed the mechanical action of GA during the hypertrophic condition. Thus, our results suggest that GA could act as a potential therapeutic agent regulating Nrf2 and PECAM-1 signalling pathways, thereby ameliorating Cd-induced pathological cardiac remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasikumar Sundaresan
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Cardiology Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Samu John
- Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Thycaud, Poojapura, P.O, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Gomathi Paneerselvam
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Cardiology Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | - Govindan Sadasivam Selvam
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Cardiology Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Kong A, Zhang Y, Ning B, Li K, Ren Z, Dai S, Chen D, Zhou Y, Gu J, Shi H. Cadmium induces triglyceride levels via microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) accumulation caused by lysosomal deacidification regulated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca 2+ homeostasis. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 348:109649. [PMID: 34516972 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) exposure induced lipid metabolic disorder with changes in lipid composition, as well as triglyceride (TG) levels. Liver is the main organ maintaining body TG level and previous studies suggested that Cd exposure might increase TG synthesis but reduce TG uptake in liver. However, the effects of Cd exposure on TG secretion from liver and underlying mechanism are still unclear. In the present study, the data revealed that Cd exposure increased TG levels in the HepG2 cells and the cultured medium by increasing the expression of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP), which was abrogated by siRNA knockdown of MTTP. MTTP was synergistically accumulated after Cd exposure or treated with proteasome inhibitor MG132 and lysosome inhibitor chloroquine (CQ), which suggested the Cd increased MTTP protein stability by inhibiting both the proteasome and the lysosomal protein degradation pathways. In addition, our results demonstrated that Cd exposure inhibited the lysosomal acidic degradation pathway through disrupting endoplastic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ homeostasis. Cd-induced MTTP protein and TG levels were significantly reduced by pretreatments of BAPTA/AM chelation of intracellular Ca2+, 2-APB inhibition of ER Ca2+ release channel inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) and CDN1163 activation of ER Ca2+ reuptake pump sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA). These results suggest that Cd-induced ER Ca2+ release impaired the lysosomal acidity, which associated with MTTP protein accumulation and contributed to increased TG levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Bo Ning
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Kongdong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Zhen Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Shuya Dai
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Jie Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
| | - Haifeng Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
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18
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Sloup V, Jankovská I, Štolcová M, Magdálek J, Karešová V, Lanková S, Langrová I. Effects of excessive dietary zinc or zinc/cadmium and tapeworm infection on the biochemical parameters in rats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 105:989-995. [PMID: 33772898 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to determine which biochemical blood parameters can serve as indicators of Zn or Zn/Cd burden and tapeworm infection. This study was performed on 44 Wistar male rats during a 6-week period, when rats were or were not fed a zinc/cadmium rich diet and were or were not infected with tapeworms (Hymenolepis diminuta). Total protein, albumin, urea, glucose, triacylglycerols, non-esterified fatty acids, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, uric acid, Mg, Ca, P and Zn levels were analysed. Control rats with tapeworm infection had significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) total protein, urea and phosphorus concentrations than did rats unaffected by any experimental factor. Rats given overdoses of zinc lactate exhibited significantly lower glucose levels than did the other rats, especially those infected with tapeworms. Low glucose level in uninfected rats indicate a Zn overdose; high doses of zinc lactate likely decrease levels of glucose via cortisol, which is released during stress. Rats fed the Zn/Cd hyperaccumulating plant Arabidopsis halleri and infected with tapeworms had significantly higher (p ≤ 0.01) cholesterol and urea levels but lower zinc, triacylglycerol, and alkaline phosphatase levels than did rats fed the same diet but free of tapeworms. The increase of alkaline phosphatase level in uninfected rats may indicate both Zn/Cd burden and rat liver damage. Overall, this study not only supports the theory that H. diminuta can serve as a promising model for helminth therapy of the host mammal but also confirmed that this tapeworm is capable to protect somehow the host organism from the harmful effects of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Sloup
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Jankovská
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Štolcová
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Magdálek
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Karešová
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sylva Lanková
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Langrová
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Fedala A, Adjroud O, Abid-Essefi S, Timoumi R. Protective effects of selenium and zinc against potassium dichromate-induced thyroid disruption, oxidative stress, and DNA damage in pregnant Wistar rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:22563-22576. [PMID: 33423197 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (CrVI) is an environmental pollutant and an endocrine-disrupting metal. Se and Zn are essential trace elements, known to play a crucial role in thyroid homeostasis. However, there is a lack of data reporting thyrotoxicity during gestation. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of selenium and zinc against potassium dichromate-induced thyrotoxicity in pregnant Wistar rats. Thirty pregnant Wistar rats were divided into control and four treated groups receiving subcutaneously (s.c) on the 3rd day of pregnancy, K2Cr2O7 (10 mg/kg, s.c) alone, or in association with Se (0.3 mg/kg, s.c), ZnCl2 (20 mg/kg, s.c), or both of them simultaneously. The hormonal profile, oxidative stress biomarkers, DNA damage, and histological modifications were evaluated. Our main findings showed that K2Cr2O7 promoted hypothyroidism, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and histological alterations in the thyroid gland. The co-treatment with Se or ZnCl2 has mitigated K2Cr2O7-induced thyrotoxicity in pregnant Wistar rats by exhibiting antioxidant and genoprotective effects. However, the combined co-treatment of both of them was less thyroprotective, and therefore, further investigations on the synergetic interaction of Se and Zn against CrVI toxicity using different doses and exposure routes are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anfal Fedala
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiotoxicology-Biomolecules, Faculty of Science of Nature and Life, Department of Biology of Organisms, University of Batna 2, Fesdis, 5000, Batna, Algeria.
| | - Ounassa Adjroud
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiotoxicology-Biomolecules, Faculty of Science of Nature and Life, Department of Biology of Organisms, University of Batna 2, Fesdis, 5000, Batna, Algeria
| | - Salwa Abid-Essefi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Rue Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Rim Timoumi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Rue Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
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Yu HT, Zhen J, Leng JY, Cai L, Ji HL, Keller BB. Zinc as a countermeasure for cadmium toxicity. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:340-346. [PMID: 32284539 PMCID: PMC8027184 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an important environmental pollutant and long-term Cd exposure is closely related to autoimmune diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and hepatic dysfunction. Zinc (Zn) is an essential metal that plays key roles in protein structure, catalysis, and regulation of their function. Numerous studies have shown that Zn can reduce Cd toxicity; however, the underlying mechanisms have not been extensively explored. Preclinical studies have revealed direct competition for sarcolemmal uptake between these two metals. Multiple sarcolemmal transporters participate in Cd uptake, including Zn transporters, calcium channels, and DMT1 (divalent metal transporter 1). Zn also induces several protective mechanisms, including MT (metallothionein) induction and favorable redox homeostasis. This review summarizes current knowledge related to the role of Zn and metal transporters in reducing Cd toxicity and discusses potential future directions of related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Yu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Juan Zhen
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Ji-Yan Leng
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Hong-Lei Ji
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Bradley B Keller
- Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Cincinnati Children's Heart Institute, Greater Louisville and Western Kentucky Practice, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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21
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Li Z, Xu Y, Huang Z, Wei Y, Hou J, Long T, Wang F, Cheng X, Duan Y, Chen X, Yuan H, Shen M, He M. Association of multiple metals with lipid markers against different exposure profiles: A population-based cross-sectional study in China. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128505. [PMID: 33068969 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We sought to evaluate whether essential and toxic metals are cross-sectionally related to blood lipid levels using data among adults from Shimen (n = 564) and Huayuan (n = 637), two counties with different exposure profiles in Hunan province of China. Traditional and grouped weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were performed to assess association between exposure to a mixture of 22 metals measured in urine or plasma, and lipid markers. Most of the exposure levels of metals were significantly higher in Shimen area than those in Huayuan area (all P-values < 0.001). Traditional WQS regression analyses revealed that the WQS index were both significantly associated with lipid markers in two areas, except for the HDL-C. Grouped WQS revealed that essential metals group showed significantly positive associations with lipid markers except for HDL-C in Huayuan area, while toxic metals group showed significantly negative associations except for HDL-C and LDL-C in Huayuan area. There were no significant joint effects, but potential non-linear relationships between metals mixture and TC or LDL-C levels were observed in BKMR analyses. Although consistent significantly associations of zinc and titanium with TG levels were found in both areas, the metals closely related to other lipid markers were varied by sites. Additionally, the BKMR analyses revealed an inverse U shaped association of iron with LDL-C levels and interaction effects of zinc and cadmium on LDL-C in Huayuan area. The relationship between metal exposure and blood lipid were not identical against different exposure profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yali Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhijun Huang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yue Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Tengfei Long
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yanying Duan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Minxue Shen
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
| | - Meian He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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22
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Brzóska MM, Kozłowska M, Rogalska J, Gałażyn-Sidorczuk M, Roszczenko A, Smereczański NM. Enhanced Zinc Intake Protects against Oxidative Stress and Its Consequences in the Brain: A Study in an In Vivo Rat Model of Cadmium Exposure. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020478. [PMID: 33572579 PMCID: PMC7911633 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined, in a rat model of moderate environmental human exposure to cadmium (Cd), whether the enhanced intake of zinc (Zn) may protect against Cd-caused destroying the oxidative/antioxidative balance and its consequences in the brain. The intoxication with Cd (5 mg/L, 6 months) weakened the enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase) and non-enzymatic (total thiol groups, reduced glutathione) antioxidative barrier decreasing the total antioxidative status and increased the concentrations of pro-oxidants (hydrogen peroxide, myeloperoxidase) in this organ and its total oxidative status. These resulted in the development of oxidative stress and oxidative modifications of lipids and proteins. The co-administration of Zn (30 and 60 mg/L enhancing this element intake by 79% and 151%, respectively) importantly protected against Cd accumulation in the brain tissue and this xenobiotic-induced development of oxidative stress and oxidative damage to lipids and proteins. Moreover, this bioelement also prevented Cd-mediated oxidative stress evaluated in the serum. The favorable effect of Zn was caused by its independent action and interaction with Cd. Concluding, the enhancement of Zn intake under oral exposure to Cd may prevent the oxidative/antioxidative imbalance and oxidative stress in the brain and thus protect against injury of cellular macromolecules in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata M. Brzóska
- Correspondence: (M.M.B.); (M.K.); Tel.: +48-85-7485604 (M.M.B. & M.K.); Fax: +48-85-7485834 (M.M.B. & M.K.)
| | - Magdalena Kozłowska
- Correspondence: (M.M.B.); (M.K.); Tel.: +48-85-7485604 (M.M.B. & M.K.); Fax: +48-85-7485834 (M.M.B. & M.K.)
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Nwokocha CR, Palacios J, Rattray VR, McCalla G, Nwokocha M, McGrowder D. Protective effects of apocynin against cadmium toxicity and serum parameters; evidence of a cardio-protective influence. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Saedi S, Jafarzadeh Shirazi MR, Totonchi M, Zamiri MJ, Derakhshanfar A. Effect of Prepubertal Exposure to CdCl2 on the Liver, Hematological, and Biochemical Parameters in Female Rats; an Experimental Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 194:472-481. [PMID: 31290066 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01800-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The examination chemical factors including industrial toxins and heavy metals seem to be crucial during the prepubertal period. In order to investigate the effects of prepubertal exposure to toxic doses of Cd on liver, hematological, and biochemical parameters in the serum, 16 female rats weaned on postnatal day (PND) 21 were randomly divided into four groups with four rats in each (n = 4). The treatments were as follows: control (0.5 mL distilled water), 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg/day received cadmium chloride (CdCl2). The CdCl2 were administered orally from PND 21 days until observed first vaginal opening (VO). The result showed that the treatment of 75 mg/kg CdCl2 dramatically increased the serum level of LDL (P < 0.0001) and LDL/HDL ratio (P = 0.0004). Conversely, treatment of 75 mg/kg CdCl2 considerably decreased the serum level of HDL in comparison with control group (P = 0.0002). Nevertheless, the rats that received different doses of CdCl2 showed no significant differences in Glu, TG, and TC compared to control group. Number of RBC and Hb of rats treated with 75 mg/kg CdCl2 were significantly less than the other groups (P < 0.0001), whereas a number of WBCs in rats treated with 75 mg/kg CdCl2 (5.27 ± 0.13 103/μL) showed significant difference (P < 0.0001) compared to control group (4.23 ± 0.09 103/μL). Histopathological exams showed nodular accumulation of lymphocytes in the liver (lymphocytic hepatitis) of rats, treated with 75 mg/kg CdCl2. These results showed that CdCl2 could cause change in serum lipidome and hematological parameters. What is more, exposure to Cd triggers liver injury and cardiovascular disease during the prepubertal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Saedi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Totonchi
- Department of Genetics, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Zamiri
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Derakhshanfar
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Center of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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25
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Li X, Huang Y, Xing Y, Hu C, Zhang W, Tang Y, Su W, Huo X, Zhou A, Xia W, Xu S, Chen D, Li Y. Association of urinary cadmium, circulating fatty acids, and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A nested case-control study in China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105527. [PMID: 32007690 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have observed that cadmium (Cd) exposure of pregnant women was associated with increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, the potential mechanism still remains unclear. In addition, various animal studies have suggested that Cd exposure could affect fatty acids (FAs) metabolism, but data on humans are scant. OBJECTIVES We conducted a nested case-control study to investigate the associations of urinary Cd concentrations with levels of circulating FAs and risk of GDM in pregnant women, and further to examine the role of FAs in mediating the relationship between Cd exposure and risk of GDM. METHODS A total of 305 GDM cases were matched to 305 controls on pregnant women's age (±2 years) and infant's gender from a birth cohort study conducted in Wuhan, China. Urinary Cd concentrations and levels of plasma FAs between 10 and 16 gestational weeks were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. Conditional logistic regressions models were used to estimate the associations of Cd concentrations and levels of FAs with the risk of GDM. Multiple linear regression models were applied to estimate the associations between Cd concentrations and levels of FAs. Mediation analysis was used to assess the mediating role of FAs in the association of Cd with the risk of GDM. RESULTS Urinary concentrations of Cd in cases (median: 0.69 μg/L) were significantly higher than controls (median: 0.59 μg/L, P < 0.05). Cd concentrations were positively associated with the risk of GDM (Ptrend = 0.003). Compared to the first tertile of Cd, the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of GDM risk were 2.08 (1.29, 3.36) for the second tertile and 2.09 (1.32, 3.33) for the third tertile. Cd concentrations were positively correlated with levels of eicosadienoic acid and arachidonic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid ratio, but negatively correlated with levels of stearic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, total odd-chain saturated fatty acids, total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and n-3 PUFAs/n-6 PUFAs ratio. We did not observe evidence that the association of Cd exposure and risk of GDM was mediated through FAs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirmed the association of higher Cd exposure with increased risk of GDM in pregnant women, and provided forceful epidemiological evidence for the relation of Cd concentrations and levels of FAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichao Huang
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuling Xing
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Su
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Huo
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Aifen Zhou
- Wuhan Medical & Healthcare Center for Women and Children, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Li X, Hu Y, Lv Y, Gao Y, Yuwen L, Yang W, Weng L, Teng Z, Wang L. Gut microbiota and lipid metabolism alterations in mice induced by oral cadmium telluride quantum dots. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:1131-1140. [PMID: 32167196 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The potential toxicity of cadmium-containing quantum dots (QDs) has received much attention because of increasing biomedical applications. However, little has been known about how cadmium telluride (CdTe) QDs influence the gut microbiota and lipid metabolism. In this study, mice were exposed orally to CdTe QDs (200 μL of 0.2, 2, 20 or 200 μm; twice per week) for 4 weeks. The oral experiments showed CdTe QD exposure led to a decrease of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio of gut microbiota, which highly negatively correlated with the low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels in serum. In addition, the low-dose (0.2 and 2 μm) CdTe QDs significantly increased the diversity of gut microbiota, and did not elevate the LDL, TG and TC levels in serum. The medium dose (20 μm) of CdTe QDs caused the biggest decrease of the F/B ratio, so it significantly increased the LDL, TG and TC levels compared with the control. Furthermore, high-dose (200 μm) CdTe QDs caused various toxicities in the histopathology of liver and intestine, liver function and intestinal immunity, but did not significantly lead to changes of the LDL, TG and TC levels in serum. This study demonstrates that high-dose oral CdTe QDs mainly lead to tissue damage of the liver and intestine, while the medium and low doses of oral CdTe QDs induce shifts of gut microbiota structure, which are associated with blood lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Li
- School of Geography and Biological Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Hu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Yangfan Lv
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Lihui Yuwen
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixing Weng
- School of Geography and Biological Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaogang Teng
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lianhui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
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27
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Obeng-Gyasi E. Chronic cadmium exposure and cardiovascular disease in adults. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2020; 55:726-729. [PMID: 32149559 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2020.1737459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chronic cadmium exposure and its effect on cardiovascular-related markers were explored in the cross-sectional study of U.S. adults using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2010 data. Cardiovascular-related markers, such as LDL cholesterol mg/dL (LDL-C), non-HDL cholesterol mg/dL (non-HDL-C), triglycerides mg/dL (TG), c-reactive protein mg/dL (CRP), and gamma-glutamyl transferase U/L (GGT) were explored in relation to urine cadmium level µg/L (UCL). The variables and their relation to UCL µg/L were explored both as continuous and categorical variables using linear and logistic regression models and basic descriptive statistics. Geometric Mean values of the markers of interest were statistically significantly more elevated in middle-aged adults (45-65 years) as compared to younger adults (18-44 years). In linear regression analysis, CRP mg/dL, LDL-C mg/dL, non-HDL-C mg/dL, and GGT U/L levels were significantly associated with UCLs mg/dL after adjusting for confounding variables. In binary logistic regression models, young and middle-aged adults chronically exposed to cadmium were significantly more likely to have elevated CRP mg/dL levels. This study suggests that chronic exposure to cadmium alters cardiovascular-related markers in middle-aged adults more so than younger adults, which calls for early public health intervention to limit cadmium exposure in the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Obeng-Gyasi
- Department of Built Environment, North Carolina Agricultural & Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
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28
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Rajakumar S, Abhishek A, Selvam GS, Nachiappan V. Effect of cadmium on essential metals and their impact on lipid metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:19-33. [PMID: 31823289 PMCID: PMC6985397 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-01058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that induces irregularity in numerous lipid metabolic pathways. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a model to study lipid metabolism, has been used to establish the molecular basis of cellular responses to Cd toxicity in relation to essential minerals and lipid homeostasis. Multiple pathways sense these environmental stresses and trigger the mineral imbalances specifically calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn). This review is aimed to elucidate the role of Cd toxicity in yeast, in three different perspectives: (1) elucidate stress response and its adaptation to Cd, (2) understand the physiological role of a macromolecule such as lipids, and (3) study the stress rescue mechanism. Here, we explored the impact of Cd interference on the essential minerals such as Zn and Ca and their influence on endoplasmic reticulum stress and lipid metabolism. Cd toxicity contributes to lipid droplet synthesis by activating OLE1 that is essential to alleviate lipotoxicity. In this review, we expanded our current findings about the effect of Cd on lipid metabolism of budding yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Rajakumar
- Eukaryotic Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India.
- Biomembrane Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India.
- Department of Pediatrics, Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada.
| | - Albert Abhishek
- Eukaryotic Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
| | - Govindan Sadasivam Selvam
- Eukaryotic Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
| | - Vasanthi Nachiappan
- Biomembrane Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India
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29
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Shamelashvili KL, Shatorna VF. EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THE MODIFYING INFLUENCE OF ZINC SUCCINATE ON EMBRYOTOXICITY OF CADMIUM CHLORIDE IN RATS. ВІСНИК ПРОБЛЕМ БІОЛОГІЇ І МЕДИЦИНИ 2020. [DOI: 10.29254/2077-4214-2020-3-157-58-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. L. Shamelashvili
- State Institution "Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine" (Dnipro)
| | - V. F. Shatorna
- State Institution "Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine" (Dnipro)
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30
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Jacquet A, Barbeau D, Arnaud J, Hijazi S, Hazane-Puch F, Lamarche F, Quiclet C, Couturier K, Fontaine E, Moulis JM, Demeilliers C. Impact of maternal low-level cadmium exposure on glucose and lipid metabolism of the litter at different ages after weaning. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 219:109-121. [PMID: 30537584 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a metal which may participate in the development of type II diabetes even if Cd exposure levels are mild. However, experimental studies focusing on daily environmentally relevant doses are scarce, particularly for glucose metabolism of the offspring of chronically exposed mothers. The aim is to measure the impact of maternal low level Cd exposure on glucose and lipid metabolism of offspring. Female rats were exposed to 0, 50 or 500 μg.kg-1.d-1 of CdCl2, 21 days before mating and during 21 days of gestation and 21 days of lactation. Pups exposure was organized in 3 groups (control, Cd1, Cd2) according to renal dams' Cd burden. Parameters of glucose and lipid metabolisms were measured for the pups on post-natal day 21, 26 and 60. Maternal Cd exposure led to significant amounts of Cd in the liver and kidney of pups. At weaning, insulin secretion upon glucose stimulation was unchanged, but the removal of circulating glucose was slower for pups born from the lowest impregnated dams (Cd1). Five days after, glucose tolerance of all groups was identical. Thus, this loss of insulin sensitivity was reversed, in part by increased adiponectin secretion for the Cd1 group. Furthermore, pups from dams accumulating the highest levels of Cd (Cd2) exhibited a compensatory increased insulin pancreatic secretion, together with increased circulating non-esterified fatty acids, indicating the establishment of insulin resistance, 2 months after birth. This study has demonstrated the influence of maternal exposure to low levels of Cd on glucose homeostasis in the offspring that might increase the risk of developing type II diabetes later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Jacquet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1055, LBFA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Damien Barbeau
- Grenoble University Hospital, Institute of Biology and Pathology, Grenoble, France; EPSP-TIMC UMR CNRS 5525, Grenoble, France
| | - Josiane Arnaud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1055, LBFA, 38000 Grenoble, France; Grenoble University Hospital, Institute of Biology and Pathology, Grenoble, France
| | - Samer Hijazi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1055, LBFA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Florence Hazane-Puch
- Grenoble University Hospital, Institute of Biology and Pathology, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Charline Quiclet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1055, LBFA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Karine Couturier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1055, LBFA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Fontaine
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1055, LBFA, 38000 Grenoble, France; Grenoble University Hospital, Institute of Biology and Pathology, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Marc Moulis
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1055, LBFA, 38000 Grenoble, France; CEA-DRF-BIG, Grenoble, France
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Rahman MM, Hossain KFB, Banik S, Sikder MT, Akter M, Bondad SEC, Rahaman MS, Hosokawa T, Saito T, Kurasaki M. Selenium and zinc protections against metal-(loids)-induced toxicity and disease manifestations: A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 168:146-163. [PMID: 30384162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Metals are ubiquitous in the environment due to huge industrial applications in the form of different chemicals and from extensive mining activities. The frequent exposures to metals and metalloids are crucial for the human health. Trace metals are beneficial for health whereas non-essential metals are dangerous for the health and some are proven etiological factors for diseases including cancers and neurological disorders. The interactions of essential trace metals such as selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) with non-essential metals viz. lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg) in biological system are very critical and complex. A huge number of studies report the protective role of Se and Zn against metal toxicity, both in animal and cellular levels, and also explain the numerous mechanisms involved. However, it has been considered that a tiny dyshomeostasis in the metals/trace metals status in biological system could induce severe deleterious effects that can manifest to numerous diseases. Thus, in this particular review, we have demonstrated the critical protection mechanism/s of Se and Zn against Cd, Pb, As and Hg toxicity in a one by one manner to clarify the up-to-date findings and perspectives. Furthermore, biomolecular consequences are comprehensively presented in light of particular cellular/biomolecular events which are somehow linked to a subsequent disease. The analyzed reports support significant protection potential of Se and Zn, either alone or in combination with other agents, against each of the abovementioned non-essential metals. However, Se and Zn are still not being used as detoxifying agents due to some unexplained reasons. We hypothesized that Se could be a potential candidate for detoxifying As and Hg regardless of their chemical speciations, but requires intensive clinical trials. However, particularly Zn-Hg interaction warrants more investigations both in animal and cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mostafizur Rahman
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan; Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | | | - Subrata Banik
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Md Tajuddin Sikder
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan; Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, 060-0812 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mahmuda Akter
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Md Shiblur Rahaman
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Hosokawa
- Research Division of Higher Education, Institute for the Advancement of Higher Education, Hokkaido University, 060-0817 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, 060-0812 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kurasaki
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan; Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan.
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Wang Y, Ji X, Dai S, Liu H, Yan D, Zhou Y, Gu J, Shi H. Cadmium induced redistribution of cholesterol by upregulating ABCA1 and downregulating OSBP. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 189:199-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Chen C, Xun P, Tsinovoi C, McClure LA, Brockman J, MacDonald L, Cushman M, Cai J, Kamendulis L, Mackey J, He K. Urinary cadmium concentration and the risk of ischemic stroke. Neurology 2018; 91:e382-e391. [PMID: 29934425 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000005856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between urinary cadmium levels and the incidence of ischemic stroke and to explore possible effect modifications. METHODS A case-cohort study was designed nested in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, including 680 adjudicated incident cases of ischemic stroke and 2,540 participants in a randomly selected subcohort. Urinary creatinine-corrected cadmium concentration was measured at baseline. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with the Barlow weighting method for the Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS The median urinary cadmium concentration was 0.42 (interquartile range 0.27-0.68) μg/g creatinine. After adjustment for potential confounders, urinary cadmium was associated with increased incidence of ischemic stroke (quintile 5 vs quintile 1: HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.01-2.22, p for trend = 0.02). The observed association was more pronounced among participants in the lowest serum zinc tertile (tertile 3 vs tertile 1: HR 1.82, 95% CI 1.06-3.11, p for trend = 0.004, p for interaction = 0.05) but was attenuated and became nonsignificant among never smokers (tertile 3 vs tertile 1: never smokers: HR 1.27, 95% CI 0.80-2.03, p for trend = 0.29; ever smokers: HR 1.60, 95% CI 1.06-2.43, p for trend = 0.07, p for interaction = 0.51). CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study suggest that cadmium exposure may be an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke in the US general population. Never smoking and maintaining a high serum zinc level may ameliorate the potential adverse effects of cadmium exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- From the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.C., P.X., C.T., K.H.) and Environmental Health (L.K.), School of Public Health, and Department of Neurology (J.M.), School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (L.A.M.), Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA; Columbia Research Reactor (J.B.), University of Missouri; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (L.M.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Washington, DC; Department of Medicine (M.C.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; and Department of Biostatistics (J.C.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Pengcheng Xun
- From the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.C., P.X., C.T., K.H.) and Environmental Health (L.K.), School of Public Health, and Department of Neurology (J.M.), School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (L.A.M.), Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA; Columbia Research Reactor (J.B.), University of Missouri; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (L.M.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Washington, DC; Department of Medicine (M.C.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; and Department of Biostatistics (J.C.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Cari Tsinovoi
- From the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.C., P.X., C.T., K.H.) and Environmental Health (L.K.), School of Public Health, and Department of Neurology (J.M.), School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (L.A.M.), Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA; Columbia Research Reactor (J.B.), University of Missouri; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (L.M.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Washington, DC; Department of Medicine (M.C.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; and Department of Biostatistics (J.C.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Leslie A McClure
- From the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.C., P.X., C.T., K.H.) and Environmental Health (L.K.), School of Public Health, and Department of Neurology (J.M.), School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (L.A.M.), Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA; Columbia Research Reactor (J.B.), University of Missouri; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (L.M.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Washington, DC; Department of Medicine (M.C.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; and Department of Biostatistics (J.C.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - John Brockman
- From the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.C., P.X., C.T., K.H.) and Environmental Health (L.K.), School of Public Health, and Department of Neurology (J.M.), School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (L.A.M.), Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA; Columbia Research Reactor (J.B.), University of Missouri; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (L.M.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Washington, DC; Department of Medicine (M.C.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; and Department of Biostatistics (J.C.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Leslie MacDonald
- From the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.C., P.X., C.T., K.H.) and Environmental Health (L.K.), School of Public Health, and Department of Neurology (J.M.), School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (L.A.M.), Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA; Columbia Research Reactor (J.B.), University of Missouri; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (L.M.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Washington, DC; Department of Medicine (M.C.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; and Department of Biostatistics (J.C.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Mary Cushman
- From the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.C., P.X., C.T., K.H.) and Environmental Health (L.K.), School of Public Health, and Department of Neurology (J.M.), School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (L.A.M.), Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA; Columbia Research Reactor (J.B.), University of Missouri; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (L.M.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Washington, DC; Department of Medicine (M.C.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; and Department of Biostatistics (J.C.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Jianwen Cai
- From the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.C., P.X., C.T., K.H.) and Environmental Health (L.K.), School of Public Health, and Department of Neurology (J.M.), School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (L.A.M.), Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA; Columbia Research Reactor (J.B.), University of Missouri; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (L.M.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Washington, DC; Department of Medicine (M.C.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; and Department of Biostatistics (J.C.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Lisa Kamendulis
- From the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.C., P.X., C.T., K.H.) and Environmental Health (L.K.), School of Public Health, and Department of Neurology (J.M.), School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (L.A.M.), Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA; Columbia Research Reactor (J.B.), University of Missouri; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (L.M.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Washington, DC; Department of Medicine (M.C.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; and Department of Biostatistics (J.C.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Jason Mackey
- From the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.C., P.X., C.T., K.H.) and Environmental Health (L.K.), School of Public Health, and Department of Neurology (J.M.), School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (L.A.M.), Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA; Columbia Research Reactor (J.B.), University of Missouri; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (L.M.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Washington, DC; Department of Medicine (M.C.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; and Department of Biostatistics (J.C.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Ka He
- From the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.C., P.X., C.T., K.H.) and Environmental Health (L.K.), School of Public Health, and Department of Neurology (J.M.), School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (L.A.M.), Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA; Columbia Research Reactor (J.B.), University of Missouri; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (L.M.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Washington, DC; Department of Medicine (M.C.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; and Department of Biostatistics (J.C.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
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Ostadmohammadi V, Samimi M, Mobini M, Zarezade Mehrizi M, Aghadavod E, Chamani M, Dastorani M, Asemi Z. The effect of zinc and vitamin E cosupplementation on metabolic status and its related gene expression in patients with gestational diabetes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 32:4120-4127. [PMID: 29804469 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1481952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of zinc and vitamin E cosupplementation on metabolic status and gene expression related to insulin and lipid metabolism in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods: Fifty-four women, in the age range of 18-40 years, diagnosed with GDM were recruited for this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Subjects were randomly allocated into two intervention groups to either taking 233 mg/day Zinc Gluconate plus 400-IU/day vitamin E supplements or placebo (n = 27 each group) for 6 weeks. Gene expression related to insulin and lipid metabolism was evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of women with GDM using RT-PCR method.Results: Participants who received zinc plus vitamin E supplements had significantly lower serum insulin levels (β = -3.81; 95% CI, -5.90, -1.72; p = .001), homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (β = -0.96; 95% CI, -1.54, -0.38; p = .002), serum total-cholesterol (β = -8.56; 95% CI, -16.69, -0.43; p = .03) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL)-cholesterol (β = -8.72; 95% CI, -15.27, -2.16; p = .01), and higher quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (β = 0.01; 95% CI, 0.005, 0.02; p = .007) compared with the placebo. Moreover, zinc and vitamin E cosupplementation upregulated gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ; p = .03) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR; p = .04) compared with the placebo. Though, zinc and vitamin E combination did not affect other metabolic parameters.Conclusions: Overall, zinc and vitamin E cosupplementation for 6 weeks in women with GDM significantly improved insulin metabolism, lipid profile, and the gene expression levels of PPAR-γ and LDLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahidreza Ostadmohammadi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mansooreh Samimi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Moein Mobini
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Maryam Zarezade Mehrizi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Esmat Aghadavod
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Chamani
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Dastorani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Tinkov AA, Filippini T, Ajsuvakova OP, Skalnaya MG, Aaseth J, Bjørklund G, Gatiatulina ER, Popova EV, Nemereshina ON, Huang PT, Vinceti M, Skalny AV. Cadmium and atherosclerosis: A review of toxicological mechanisms and a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 162:240-260. [PMID: 29358116 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium has been proposed to be the one of the factors of atherosclerosis development, although the existing data are still controversial. The primary objective of the present study is the review and the meta-analysis of studies demonstrating the association between Cd exposure and atherosclerosis as well as review of the potential mechanisms of such association. We performed a systematic search in the PubMed-Medline database using the MeSH terms cadmium, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, mortality and humans up through December 20, 2017. Elevated urinary Cd levels were associated with increased mortality for cardiovascular disease (HR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.07-1.67) as well as elevated blood Cd levels (HR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.24-2.56). Analysis restricted to never smokers showed similar, though more imprecise, results. Consistently, we also observed an association between Cd exposure markers (blood and urine) and coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. Moreover, Cd exposure was associated with atherogenic changes in lipid profile. High Cd exposure was associated with higher TC levels (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.10-2.01), higher LDL-C levels (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 0.99-1.73) and lower HDL-C levels (OR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.09-3.55). The mechanisms of atherogenic effect of cadmium may involve oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, enhanced lipid synthesis, up-regulation of adhesion molecules, prostanoid dysbalance, as well as altered glycosaminoglycan synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Tinkov
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia; Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia.
| | - Tommaso Filippini
- CREAGEN, Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Olga P Ajsuvakova
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Odintsovo, Moscow Region, Russia
| | | | - Jan Aaseth
- Faculty of Public Health, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway; Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana, Norway
| | | | - Elizaveta V Popova
- St. Joseph University in Tanzania, St. Joseph College of Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | | | - Marco Vinceti
- CREAGEN, Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia; Orenburg State University, Orenburg, Russia; Trace Element Institute for UNESCO, Lyon, France
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Andrulewicz-Botulińska E, Wiśniewska R, Brzóska MM, Rogalska J, Galicka A. Beneficial impact of zinc supplementation on the collagen in the bone tissue of cadmium-exposed rats. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:996-1007. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Róża Wiśniewska
- Department of Pharmacology; Medical University of Bialystok; Kilinskiego 1 15-230 Bialystok Poland
| | - Malgorzata M. Brzóska
- Department of Toxicology; Medical University of Bialystok; Kilinskiego 1 15-230 Bialystok Poland
| | - Joanna Rogalska
- Department of Toxicology; Medical University of Bialystok; Kilinskiego 1 15-230 Bialystok Poland
| | - Anna Galicka
- Department of Medical Chemistry; Medical University of Bialystok; Kilinskiego 1 15-230 Bialystok Poland
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Olszowski T, Gutowska I, Baranowska-Bosiacka I, Łukomska A, Drozd A, Chlubek D. Cadmium Alters the Concentration of Fatty Acids in THP-1 Macrophages. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 182:29-36. [PMID: 28600650 PMCID: PMC5808062 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1071-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid composition of human immune cells influences their function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of known toxicant and immunomodulator, cadmium, at low concentrations on levels of selected fatty acids (FAs) in THP-1 macrophages. The differentiation of THP-1 monocytes into macrophages was achieved by administration of phorbol myristate acetate. Macrophages were incubated with various cadmium chloride (CdCl2) solutions for 48 h at final concentrations of 5 nM, 20 nM, 200 nM, and 2 μM CdCl2. Fatty acids were extracted from samples according to the Folch method. The fatty acid levels were determined using gas chromatography. The following fatty acids were analyzed: long-chain saturated fatty acids (SFAs) palmitic acid and stearic acid, very long-chain saturated fatty acid (VLSFA) arachidic acid, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) palmitoleic acid, oleic acid and vaccenic acid, and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) linoleic acid and arachidonic acid. Treatment of macrophages with very low concentrations of cadmium (5-200 nM) resulted in significant reduction in the levels of arachidic, palmitoleic, oleic, vaccenic, and linoleic acids and significant increase in arachidonic acid levels (following exposure to 5 nM Cd), without significant reduction of palmitic and stearic acid levels. Treatment of macrophages with the highest tested cadmium concentration (2 μM) produced significant reduction in the levels of all examined FAs: SFAs, VLSFA, MUFAs, and PUFAs. In conclusion, cadmium at tested concentrations caused significant alterations in THP-1 macrophage fatty acid levels, disrupting their composition, which might dysregulate fatty acid/lipid metabolism thus affecting macrophage behavior and inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Olszowski
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24 Str, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Łukomska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24 Str, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Arleta Drozd
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24 Str, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
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Bizoń A, Milnerowicz H. The effect of divalent metal chelators and cadmium on serum phosphotriesterase, lactonase and arylesterase activities of paraoxonase 1. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 58:77-83. [PMID: 29306821 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is calcium dependent enzyme involved in many functions in human body. PON1 is synthesized in the liver and secreted to the bloodstream where bounds high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Association of PON1 with HDL increases the enzyme stability and biological activities. PON1 have three different activities: phosphotriesterase, lactonase and arylesterase. Until now there is now commercial available kits to determine these three PON1 activities. Also there is no date about stability of PON1 in serum after storage condition. We have elaborated the optimal conditions for determination of PON1 activities in serum using manual procedure as well as the best storage temperature of human serum for determination of PON1 activities. We have also confirmed that PON1 in serum is associated with HDL. Additionally we have investigated the effect of D-penicillamine, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and cadmium chloride on PON1 activities in human serum. D-penicillamine and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in therapeutic doses as well as cadmium chloride in toxic doses decrease PON1 activities in human serum when compared to non-treated serum. D-penicillamine as metal chelator inhibits much stronger PON1 activities than ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bizoń
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Halina Milnerowicz
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
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Karamali M, Bahramimoghadam S, Sharifzadeh F, Asemi Z. Magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation improves glycemic control and markers of cardiometabolic risk in gestational diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 43:565-570. [PMID: 29316405 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To the best our knowledge, data on the effects of magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation on glycemic control and markers of cardiometabolic risk in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are scarce. The purpose of this study was to establish the effects of magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation on glycemic control and markers of cardiometabolic risk of GDM patients. Sixty patients with GDM, aged 18-40 years, were randomized into 2 groups to intake either magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplements or placebo (n = 30 each group) for 6 weeks in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and week 6 to quantify related markers. After the 6-week intervention, compared with the placebo, magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation resulted in significant reductions in fasting plasma glucose (-0.37 ± 0.09 vs. +0.01 ± 0.09 mmol/L, P = 0.003), serum insulin levels (-21.0 ± 4.8 vs. +7.2 ± 4.8 pmol/L, P < 0.001), homeostatic model of assessment for insulin resistance (-1.0 ± 1.1 vs. +0.3 ± 1.3, P < 0.001), and a significant increase in quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+0.02 ± 0.03 vs. -0.002 ± 0.03, P = 0.003). In addition, magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation significantly decreased serum triglycerides (-0.25 ± 0.10 vs. +0.34 ± 0.10 mmol/L, P = 0.001) and very-low-density-cholesterol concentrations (-0.11 ± 0.04 vs. +0.15 ± 0.04 mmol/L, P = 0.001) compared with the placebo. Overall, the results of this study demonstrated that magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation for 6 weeks among patients with GDM had beneficial effects on glycemic control and few markers of cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Karamali
- a Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahla Bahramimoghadam
- a Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Sharifzadeh
- a Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- b Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 15 Randomized Controlled Trials. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:1024769. [PMID: 29457023 PMCID: PMC5804106 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1024769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to examine the effects of zinc supplementation on nutritional status, lipid profile, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapies in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled clinical trials of zinc supplementation. Metaregression analyses were utilized to determine the cause of discrepancy. Begg and Egger tests were performed to assess publication bias. Subgroup analysis was utilized to investigate the effects of zinc supplementation in certain conditions. In the crude pooled results, we found that zinc supplementation resulted in higher serum zinc levels (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 28.489; P < 0.001), higher dietary protein intake (WMD = 8.012; P < 0.001), higher superoxide dismutase levels (WMD = 357.568; P = 0.001), and lower levels of C-reactive protein (WMD = −8.618; P = 0.015) and malondialdehyde (WMD = −1.275; P < 0.001). The results showed no differences in lipid profile. In the metaregression analysis, we found that serum zinc levels correlated positively with intervention time (β = 0.272; P = 0.042) and varied greatly by ethnicity (P = 0.023). Results from Begg and Egger tests showed that there was no significant bias in our meta-analysis (P > 0.1). Results of subgroup analysis supported the above results. Our analysis shows that zinc supplementation may benefit the nutritional status of MHD patients and show a time-effect relationship.
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Borowska S, Brzóska MM, Gałażyn-Sidorczuk M, Rogalska J. Effect of an Extract from Aronia melanocarpa L. Berries on the Body Status of Zinc and Copper under Chronic Exposure to Cadmium: An In Vivo Experimental Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:E1374. [PMID: 29257101 PMCID: PMC5748824 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In an experimental model of low-level and moderate environmental human exposure to cadmium (Cd), it was investigated whether the consumption of a polyphenol-rich Aronia melanocarpa L. berries (chokeberries) extract (AE) may influence the body status of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu). The bioelements' apparent absorption, body retention, serum and tissue concentrations, total pool in internal organs, excretion, and the degree of binding to metallothionein were evaluated in female rats administered 0.1% aqueous AE or/and Cd in their diet (1 and 5 mg/kg) for 3-24 months. The consumption of AE alone had no influence on the body status of Zn and Cu. The extract administration at both levels of Cd treatment significantly (completely or partially) protected against most of the changes in the metabolism of Zn and Cu caused by this xenobiotic; however, it increased or decreased some of the Cd-unchanged indices of their body status. Based on the findings, it seems that rational amounts of chokeberry products may be included in the daily diet without the risk of destroying Zn and Cu metabolisms; however, their potential prophylactic use under exposure to Cd needs further study to exclude any unfavourable impact of these essential elements on the metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Borowska
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Bialystok, Adama Mickiewicza 2C Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata M Brzóska
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Bialystok, Adama Mickiewicza 2C Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Gałażyn-Sidorczuk
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Bialystok, Adama Mickiewicza 2C Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Joanna Rogalska
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Bialystok, Adama Mickiewicza 2C Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
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Hejazy M, Koohi MK. Effects of Nano-zinc on Biochemical Parameters in Cadmium-Exposed Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 180:265-274. [PMID: 28417309 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic environmental and occupational pollutant with reported toxic effects on the kidneys, liver, lungs, bones, and the immunity system. Based on its physicochemical similarity to cadmium, zinc (Zn) shows protective effects against cadmium toxicity and cadmium accumulation in the body. Nano-zinc and nano-zinc oxide (ZnO), recently used in foods and pharmaceutical products, can release a great amount of Zn2+ in their environment. This research was carried out to investigate the more potent properties of the metal zinc among sub-acute cadmium intoxicated rats. Seventy-five male Wistar rats were caged in 15 groups. Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) was used in drinking water to induce cadmium toxicity. Different sizes (15, 20, and 30 nm) and doses of nano-zinc particles (3, 10, 100 mg/kg body weight [bw]) were administered solely and simultaneously with CdCl2 (2-5 mg/kg bw) for 28 days. The experimental animals were decapitated, and the biochemical biomarkers (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) were determined in their serum after oral exposure to nano-zinc and cadmium. Statistical analysis was carried out with a one-way ANOVA and t test. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The haematocrit (HCT) significantly increased and blood coagulation time significantly reduced in the nano-zinc-treated rats. AST, ALT, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL, and free fatty acids increased significantly in the cadmium- and nano-zinc-treated rats compared with the controls. However, albumin, total protein, and HDLc significantly decreased in the cadmium- and nano-zinc-treated rats compared with the controls (P < 0.05). It seems that in the oral administration of nano-zinc, the smaller sizes with low doses and the larger sizes with high doses are more toxic than metallic zinc. In a few cases, an inverse dose-dependent relationship was seen as well. This research showed that in spite of larger sizes of zinc, smaller sizes of nano-zinc particles are not suitable for protection against cadmium intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzie Hejazy
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Kazem Koohi
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Bulat Z, Đukić-Ćosić D, Antonijević B, Buha A, Bulat P, Pavlović Z, Matović V. Can zinc supplementation ameliorate cadmium-induced alterations in the bioelement content in rabbits? Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2017; 68:38-45. [PMID: 28365673 DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2017-68-2919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was designed to investigate the influence of zinc (Zn) supplementation on cadmium-induced alterations in zinc, copper (Cu), and magnesium (Mg) status in rabbits. For this purpose, the concentrations of cadmium (Cd), Zn, Cu, and Mg were estimated in the blood, liver, kidney, and bone. The rabbits were divided in a control group, a Cd group-animals intoxicated orally with Cd (10 mg kg-1 bw, as aqueous solution of Cd-chloride), and a Cd+Zn group-animals intoxicated with the same dose of Cd and co-treated with Zn (20 mg kg-1 bw, as aqueous solution of Zn-sulphate). Solutions were administered orally, every day for 28 days. Sample mineralisation was performed with concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) and perchloric acid (HClO4) (4:1) and metal concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Zinc supplementation improved some of Cd-induced disturbances in bioelement levels in the investigated tissues. Beneficial effects of Zn on Zn and Cu levels were observed in blood, as well as on the Cu kidney level. The calculated values for Cu/Zn, Mg/Zn, and Mg/Cu ratios in blood suggest that Zn co-treatment reduces Cd-induced changes in bioelement ratios in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade
| | | | | | - Aleksandra Buha
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Faculty of Pharmacy
| | - Petar Bulat
- Institute of Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Zoran Pavlović
- University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Institute for Public Health Požarevac, Požarevac
| | - Vesna Matović
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Faculty of Pharmacy
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Changes on serum and hepatic lipidome after a chronic cadmium exposure in Wistar rats. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 635:52-59. [PMID: 29066246 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Sharma P, Singla N, Dhawan DK. Evidence of Zinc in Affording Protection Against X-Ray-Induced Brain Injury in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 179:247-258. [PMID: 28261760 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-0976-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the present world, X-rays have been regarded as one of the most efficient tools in medicine, industry and research. On the contrary, extensive human exposure to these rays is responsible for causing detrimental effects on physiological system. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of zinc (Zn), if any, in mitigating the adverse effects induced by fractionated X-irradiation on rat brain. Female Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 170-200 g were divided into four different groups viz.: (a) normal control, (b) X-irradiated (21Gy), (c) zinc treated (227 mg/L in drinking water) and (d) X-irradiated + zinc treated. The skulls of animals belonging to groups (b) and (d) were exposed to X-rays in 30 fractions. Each fraction delivered a radiation dose of 70 rads, and rats were exposed to two fractions every day for 15 days, consecutively. X-ray treatment resulted in significant alterations in the neurobehavior, neurotransmitter levels and neuro-histoarchitecture of rats, whereas zinc co-treatment with X-rays resulted in significant improvement in these parameters. X-ray exposure also caused a significant increase in the levels of lipid peroxidation as well as activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase, which however were decreased upon simultaneous Zn treatment. On the contrary, X-ray treatment down-regulated the glutathione system, which were found to be up-regulated by zinc co-treatment. Further, protein expressions of p53 and NF-ҚB were found to be significantly elevated after X-irradiation, which were reversed following Zn supplementation. Hence, Zn seems to be an effective agent in mitigating the detrimental effects caused by exposure to X-rays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Neha Singla
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - D K Dhawan
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Baek K, Chung I. Cadmium Exposure Is Associated with Monocyte Count and Monocyte to HDL Ratio, a Marker of Inflammation and Future Cardiovascular Disease in the Male Population. J Korean Med Sci 2017; 32:1415-1422. [PMID: 28776335 PMCID: PMC5546959 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2017.32.9.1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is a heavy metal that humans can be exposed to the in environment and occupation, and its relationship with cardiovascular diseases has been reported. in various reports. Epidemiological studies have also been associated with various inflammatory markers of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we examined the relationship between monocyte count and monocyte to high density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (MHR) and blood cadmium, which are one of the inflammatory markers of cardiovascular diseases. Data from a total of 733 male fire officers who received a health checkup at a hospital for one year in 2016 were analyzed. Populations were classified into 4 groups according to the quartile of blood cadmium and general characteristics were described. The relationship between monocyte count, MHR and cadmium in blood was statistically analyzed by linear regression analysis. In the univariate analysis and multivariate analysis, monocyte count was significantly higher in the second, third and fourth quartile groups than in the first quartile of cadmium, and the linear trend was significant. In univariate and multivariate analysis, MHR was significantly higher in the third and fourth quartile groups than in the first quartile group, and the linear trend was also significant. This study showed the significant relationship between blood cadmium and monocyte count and MHR among male fire officers. This was also statistically significant in the model adjusted for possible confounders and other cardiovascular risk factors and showed a linear trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiook Baek
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Insung Chung
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
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Oladipo OO, Ayo JO, Ambali SF, Mohammed B, Aluwong T. Dyslipdemia induced by chronic low dose co-exposure to lead, cadmium and manganese in rats: the role of oxidative stress. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 53:199-205. [PMID: 28654832 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and manganese (Mn) have many potential adverse health effects in vitro and in animal models of clinical toxicity. The current study investigated the dyslipidaemic and oxidative stress effects of chronic low-dose oral exposure to Pb, Cd and Mn and the combination (Pb+Cd+Mn) in rats for 15 weeks. Chronic exposure to the metals did not significantly (P>0.05) alter serum lipid profiles. However, the atherogenic index decreased by 32.2% in the Pb+Cd+Mn group, relative to the control. The triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio decreased by 39.4% in the Pb+Cd+Mn group, relative to the control, and elevated by 81.8, 94.8 and 20.8%, relative to the Pb, Cd and Mn groups, respectively. While the serum concentrations of malondialdehyde significantly increased in the Mn and Pb+Cd+Mn groups, that of glutathione peroxidase-1 decreased in the Pb+Cd+Mn group, and metallothionein-1 and zinc concentrations markedly decreased in all the metal treatment groups. The results suggest that long-term exposure of rats to Pb+Cd+Mn may result in hypolipidaemia, mediated via oxidative stress and metal interactions. Individuals who are constantly exposed to environmentally relevant levels of the metals may be at risk of hypolipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusola Olalekan Oladipo
- Biochemistry Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, P.M.B. 01, Vom, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
| | - Joseph Olusegun Ayo
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | - Bisalla Mohammed
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Tanang Aluwong
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Momen-Heravi M, Barahimi E, Razzaghi R, Bahmani F, Gilasi HR, Asemi Z. The effects of zinc supplementation on wound healing and metabolic status in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Wound Repair Regen 2017; 25:512-520. [DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mansooreh Momen-Heravi
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine; Kashan University of Medical Sciences; Kashan Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center; Kashan University of Medical Sciences; Kashan Iran
| | - Elham Barahimi
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine; Kashan University of Medical Sciences; Kashan Iran
| | - Reza Razzaghi
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine; Kashan University of Medical Sciences; Kashan Iran
| | - Fereshteh Bahmani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases; Kashan University of Medical Sciences; Kashan Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Gilasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Faculty of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences; Kashan Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases; Kashan University of Medical Sciences; Kashan Iran
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Rahman MM, Ukiana J, Uson-Lopez R, Sikder MT, Saito T, Kurasaki M. Cytotoxic effects of cadmium and zinc co-exposure in PC12 cells and the underlying mechanism. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 269:41-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Mousavi Z, Hassanpourezatti M, Najafizadeh P, Rezagholian S, Rhamanifar MS, Nosrati N. Effects of Subcutaneous Injection MnO 2 Micro- and Nanoparticles on Blood Glucose Level and Lipid Profile in Rat. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 41:518-524. [PMID: 27853332 PMCID: PMC5106567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of nanotechnology has led to rapid growth in various areas. Thus, health and safety issues of nanoparticles (NPs) should be promptly addressed. Manganese oxide (MnO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are typically used for biomedical and industrial applications. However, characterizing the potential human health effects of MnO2 NPs is required before fully exploiting these materials. The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicity of MnO2 micro- and nanoparticles on blood glucose level and lipid profile in male Wistar rats. METHODS A total of 105 rats were divided into one control and two experimental groups. Each experimental group received a single subcutaneous injection of MnO2 micro- and nanoparticles (100 μg/kg), respectively, every two weeks for 14 weeks. Their blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL levels were then measured. The data presented as mean±SEM and compared with the repeated measures using the Prism statistical software (version 6.0). RESULTS Biochemical assessment in plasma samples showed that MnO2 micro- and nanoparticles injection significantly (P<0.01) increased the plasma glucose and cholesterol levels in all and few weeks, respectively. MnO2 nanoparticles significantly (P<0.01) decreased the HDL level in weeks 6, 12, and 14, but MnO2 microparticles decreased the HDL level only in week 12. In both MnO2 micro- and nanoparticles groups, LDL alterations were near to the control group, except for week 10. However, the same treatment had no effect on triglycerides concentrations compared to the control group. CONCLUSION Our results show that exposure to nanosized particles at subchronic doses caused adverse changes in animal biochemical profiles, especially in glucose level. It seems that the high oxidative power of these particles is the main reason for these disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mousavi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran,Correspondence: Zahra Mousavi, PhD; Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, No 99, Yakhchal, Gholhak, Shariati St., Tehran, Iran Tel: +98 21 22640051-5 /
| | | | - Parvaneh Najafizadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Young Researchers and Elite Club, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Rezagholian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nahid Nosrati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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