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Chen T, Liu X, Zhang J, Wang L, Su J, Jing T, Xiao P. Associations of chronic exposure to a mixture of pesticides and type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Chinese elderly population. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 351:141194. [PMID: 38218232 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have related exposure to pesticides to increased risk of diabetes. However, few studies have evaluated the health effects of mixed pesticides exposure, especially in an elderly population. Here, we utilized gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to quantify the levels of 39 pesticides in 4 categories in a Chinese elderly population. Then we used general linear models to explore the association between individual pesticide exposure and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were fitted to identify potential non-linearities between those associations. Furthermore, stratified analysis by gender was conducted to explore the gender-specific associations. Finally, we used weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, quantile-based g computation (qgcomp), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to evaluate the effects of mixed exposure to 39 pesticides. The results showed that exposure to pesticides was associated with high risk of T2DM, with β-Hexachlorocyclohexane (β-BHC) and oxadiazon being the most significant independent contributors, which was pronounced among elderly women. Moreover, the association of β-BHC and oxadiazon with T2DM was linear. These indicated that it is an urgent need to take practical measures to control these harmful pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Assessment of Effects of Emerging Pollutants on Environmental and Human Health, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China; Department of Environmental Health, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Shanghai Minhang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianghua Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Assessment of Effects of Emerging Pollutants on Environmental and Human Health, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China; Department of Environmental Health, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jin Su
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Assessment of Effects of Emerging Pollutants on Environmental and Human Health, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China; Department of Environmental Health, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Jing
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Ping Xiao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Assessment of Effects of Emerging Pollutants on Environmental and Human Health, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Skonieski C, Fagundes KR, Silva LD, Segat HJ, Martino Andrade AJ, Cordeiro Bolzan R, Hirata MH, Monteiro Ferreira G, Moter Benvegnú D. Association of occupational exposure to pesticides with overweight in farmers in Southern Brazil. Biomarkers 2023; 28:608-616. [PMID: 37815377 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2023.2268859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to pesticides may be related to overweight and associated comorbidities. The aim of this work was to evaluate occupational exposure to pesticides, overweight and associated comorbidities among farmers in Southern Brazil. METHODS This cross-sectional study included a random sample of 257 farmers, living in the municipality of Mafra and Planalto, southern Brazil. Data on pesticide use and overweight prevalence from farmers were collected using an in-person interview questionnaire, followed by blood collection and biochemical analyses. RESULTS Pesticide exposure was positively correlated with body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, triglycerides and glucose levels, presence of hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Besides that, the fact of being exposed to pesticides represents a decrease of no protein thiol groups. Furthermore, the main pesticides used by farmers have hepatic toxicity. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that exposure to pesticides may be associated with overweight and associated comorbidities. Further studies are required to validate our findings and elucidate the specific mechanisms by which these pollutants contribute to the development of overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calinca Skonieski
- Campus Realeza, Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Realeza, Brazil
| | | | - Larissa da Silva
- Campus Realeza, Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Realeza, Brazil
| | - Hecson Jesser Segat
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mario Hiroyuki Hirata
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Glaucio Monteiro Ferreira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dalila Moter Benvegnú
- Campus Realeza, Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Realeza, Brazil
- Health-Applied Sciences Post Graduation Program, State University of West Paraná (Unioeste), Francisco Beltrão, Brazil
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3
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Martins JRN, Lopes S, Hurtado HN, da Silva FN, Villard DR, Taboga SR, Souza KLA, Quesada I, Soriano S, Rafacho A. Acute and chronic effects of the organophosphate malathion on the pancreatic α and β cell viability, cell structure, and voltage-gated K + currents. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 98:104046. [PMID: 36587778 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.104046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Studies indicate that the pesticide malathion may have a role in diabetes. Herein, we determined the effects of different concentrations of malathion on survival, ultrastructure, and electrophysiologic islet cell parameters. Acutely, high concentrations of malathion (0.5 or 1 mM) increased cell death in rat islet cells, while low concentrations (0.1 mM) caused signs of cell damage in pancreatic α and β cells. Exposure of RINm5F cells to malathion for 24 or 48 h confirmed the reduction in β-cell viability at lower concentrations (0.001-100 µM). Chronic exposure of mouse pancreatic α and β cells to 3 nM of malathion led to increased voltage-gated K+ (Kv) currents in α-cells. Our findings show a time and concentration dependency for the malathion effect on the reduction of islet cell viability and indicate that pancreatic α cells are more sensitive to malathion effects on Kv currents and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R N Martins
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases LIDoC, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - S Lopes
- Central Laboratory of Electron Microscopy LCME, PROPESQ, Federal University of Santa Catarina UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - H N Hurtado
- Department of Physiology, Genetics, and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - F N da Silva
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases LIDoC, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - D R Villard
- NUMPEX-BIO, Campus Duque de Caxias, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Campus UFRJ Duque de Caxias Prof. Geraldo Cidade, Duque de Caxias 25245-390, Brazil
| | - S R Taboga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - K L A Souza
- NUMPEX-BIO, Campus Duque de Caxias, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Campus UFRJ Duque de Caxias Prof. Geraldo Cidade, Duque de Caxias 25245-390, Brazil
| | - I Quesada
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain; Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - S Soriano
- Department of Physiology, Genetics, and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | - A Rafacho
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases LIDoC, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil.
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4
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Li J, Li X, Zhang Z, Cheng W, Liu G, Zhao G. High-Fat Diet Aggravates the Disorder of Glucose Metabolism Caused by Chlorpyrifos Exposure in Experimental Rats. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040816. [PMID: 36832892 PMCID: PMC9956890 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological research has demonstrated that the increase in high fat consumption has promoted the morbidity of diabetes. Exposure to organophosphorus pesticides (such as chlorpyrifos) may also increase the risk of diabetes. Although chlorpyrifos is a frequently detected organophosphorus pesticide, the interaction effect between chlorpyrifos exposure and a high-fat diet on glucose metabolism is still unclear. Thus, the effects of chlorpyrifos exposure on glucose metabolism in rats eating a normal-fat diet or a high-fat diet were investigated. The results demonstrated that the glycogen content in the liver decreased and that the glucose content increased in chlorpyrifos-treated groups. Remarkably, the ATP consumption in the chlorpyrifos-treatment group was promoted in the rats eating a high-fat diet. However, chlorpyrifos treatment did not change the serum levels of insulin and glucagon. Notably, the contents of liver ALT and AST changed more significantly in the high-fat chlorpyrifos-exposed group than in the normal-fat chlorpyrifos-exposed group. Chlorpyrifos exposure caused an increase in the liver MDA level and a decrease in the enzyme activities of GSH-Px, CAT, and SOD, and the changes were more significant in the high-fat chlorpyrifos-treatment group. The results indicated that chlorpyrifos exposure led to disordered glucose metabolism in all dietary patterns as a result of antioxidant damage in the liver, in which a high-fat diet may have aggravated its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwang Li
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiude Li
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Weilong Cheng
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Huhhot 013757, China
| | - Guangmin Liu
- Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Guoping Zhao
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Huhhot 013757, China
- Correspondence:
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5
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Fritsche K, Ziková-Kloas A, Marx-Stoelting P, Braeuning A. Metabolism-Disrupting Chemicals Affecting the Liver: Screening, Testing, and Molecular Pathway Identification. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032686. [PMID: 36769005 PMCID: PMC9916672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is the central metabolic organ of the body. The plethora of anabolic and catabolic pathways in the liver is tightly regulated by physiological signaling but may become imbalanced as a consequence of malnutrition or exposure to certain chemicals, so-called metabolic endocrine disrupters, or metabolism-disrupting chemicals (MDCs). Among different metabolism-related diseases, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) constitute a growing health problem, which has been associated with a western lifestyle combining excessive caloric intake and reduced physical activity. In the past years, awareness of chemical exposure as an underlying cause of metabolic endocrine effects has continuously increased. Within this review, we have collected and summarized evidence that certain environmental MDCs are capable of contributing to metabolic diseases such as liver steatosis and cholestasis by different molecular mechanisms, thereby contributing to the metabolic syndrome. Despite the high relevance of metabolism-related diseases, standardized mechanistic assays for the identification and characterization of MDCs are missing. Therefore, the current state of candidate test systems to identify MDCs is presented, and their possible implementation into a testing strategy for MDCs is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Fritsche
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Ziková-Kloas
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Pesticides Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Marx-Stoelting
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Pesticides Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)30-18412-25100
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6
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Hoyeck MP, Matteo G, MacFarlane EM, Perera I, Bruin JE. Persistent organic pollutants and β-cell toxicity: a comprehensive review. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E383-E413. [PMID: 35156417 PMCID: PMC9394781 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00358.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a diverse family of contaminants that show widespread global dispersion and bioaccumulation. Humans are continuously exposed to POPs through diet, air particles, and household and commercial products; POPs are consistently detected in human tissues, including the pancreas. Epidemiological studies show a modest but consistent correlation between exposure to POPs and increased diabetes risk. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of epidemiological evidence and an in-depth evaluation of the in vivo and in vitro evidence that POPs cause β-cell toxicity. We review evidence for six classes of POPs: dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), organophosphate pesticides (OPPs), flame retardants, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The available data provide convincing evidence implicating POPs as a contributing factor driving impaired glucose homeostasis, β-cell dysfunction, and altered metabolic and oxidative stress pathways in islets. These findings support epidemiological data showing that POPs increase diabetes risk and emphasize the need to consider the endocrine pancreas in toxicity assessments. Our review also highlights significant gaps in the literature assessing islet-specific endpoints after both in vivo and in vitro POP exposure. In addition, most rodent studies do not consider the impact of biological sex or secondary metabolic stressors in mediating the effects of POPs on glucose homeostasis and β-cell function. We discuss key gaps and limitations that should be assessed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam P Hoyeck
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geronimo Matteo
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erin M MacFarlane
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ineli Perera
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer E Bruin
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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7
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The protective effect of resveratrol on diazinon‐induced oxidative stress and glucose hemostasis disorder in rats' liver. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23063. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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8
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Firdous P, Nissar K, Bashir H, Hussain QA, Masoodi SR, Ganai BA. Environmental Factors as Diabetic Mediators: A Mechanistic Approach. Curr Diabetes Rev 2022; 18:e301221199656. [PMID: 34967298 DOI: 10.2174/1573399818666211230104327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite substantial investment in research and treatment options, diabetes mellitus remains a pressing public health concern with potential epidemic proportions globally. There are reports that by the end of 2040, 642 million people will be suffering from diabetes. Also, according to an estimation, 1.6 million deaths were caused directly by diabetes in 2016. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by impaired glucose regulation in the body due to the destruction of pancreatic β-cells or insulin resistance. Genetic propensity, unhealthy and imbalanced diet, obesity and increasing urbanization are the common risk factors for diabetes. Besides this, it has been reported that environmental pollutants like organic pesticides, heavy metals, and air pollutants act as strong predisposing factors for diabetes owing to their highly bio-accumulative nature. These pollutants disturb glucose homeostasis either by up-regulating or down-regulating the expression of diabetic marker genes like insulin (INS) and glucokinase (GCK). Unfortunately, the molecular mechanism of the role of pollutants in causing diabetes is not very clear. This mechanistic review provides evidence of different environmental determinants, including persistent organic pollutants (POPs), air pollutants, toxic metals, etc., in inducing diabetes and proposes a framework for the possible mechanisms involved. It also illuminates the current status and future challenges, which will not only broaden our understanding but can also be a reasonable platform for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveena Firdous
- Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Kamran Nissar
- Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Humayra Bashir
- Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Qazi A Hussain
- P.G. Department of Environmental Science, Sri Pratap College Campus, Cluster University Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190001, India
| | | | - Bashir Ahmad Ganai
- Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
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9
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Chung YL, Hou YC, Wang IK, Lu KC, Yen TH. Organophosphate pesticides and new-onset diabetes mellitus: From molecular mechanisms to a possible therapeutic perspective. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1818-1831. [PMID: 34888010 PMCID: PMC8613664 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i11.1818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Organophosphate is a commonly used pesticide in the agricultural sector. The main action of organophosphate focuses on acetylcholinesterase inhibition, and it therefore contributes to acute cholinergic crisis, intermediate syndrome and delayed neurotoxicity. From sporadic case series to epidemiologic studies, organophosphate has been linked to hyperglycemia and the occurrence of new-onset diabetes mellitus. Organophosphate-mediated direct damage to pancreatic beta cells, insulin resistance related to systemic inflammation and excessive hepatic gluconeogenesis and polymorphisms of the enzyme governing organophosphate elimination are all possible contributors to the development of new-onset diabetes mellitus. To date, a preventive strategy for organophosphate-mediated new-onset diabetes mellitus is still lacking. However, lowering reactive oxygen species levels may be a practical method to reduce the risk of developing hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ling Chung
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Cardinal-Tien Hospital, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chou Hou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - I-Kuan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Cheng Lu
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Hai Yen
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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10
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Djekkoun N, Lalau JD, Bach V, Depeint F, Khorsi-Cauet H. Chronic oral exposure to pesticides and their consequences on metabolic regulation: role of the microbiota. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:4131-4149. [PMID: 33837455 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides have long been used in agriculture and household treatments. Pesticide residues can be found in biological samples for both the agriculture workers through direct exposure but also to the general population by indirect exposure. There is also evidence of pesticide contamination in utero and trans-generational impacts. Whilst acute exposure to pesticides has long been associated with endocrine perturbations, chronic exposure with low doses also increases the prevalence of metabolic disorders such as obesity or type 2 diabetes. Dysmetabolism is a low-grade inflammation disorder and as such the microbiota plays a role in its etiology. It is therefore important to fully understand the role of microbiota on the genesis of subsequent health effects. The digestive tract and mostly microbiota are the first organs of contact after oral exposure. The objective of this review is thus to better understand mechanisms that link pesticide exposure, dysmetabolism and microbiota. One of the key outcomes on the microbiota is the reduced Bacteroidetes and increased Firmicutes phyla, reflecting both pesticide exposure and risk factors of dysmetabolism. Other bacterial genders and metabolic activities are also involved. As for most pathologies impacting microbiota (including inflammatory disorders), the role of prebiotics can be suggested as a prevention strategy and some preliminary evidence reinforces this axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narimane Djekkoun
- PeriTox UMR_I 01 Laboratory, University Center for Health Research, CURS-UPJV, Picardy Jules Verne University, 80054, Amiens cedex 1, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Lalau
- PeriTox UMR_I 01 Laboratory, University Center for Health Research, CURS-UPJV, Picardy Jules Verne University, 80054, Amiens cedex 1, France.,Service Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, Nutrition, CHU Amiens Picardie, Site Nord, 80054, Amiens cedex 1, France
| | - Véronique Bach
- PeriTox UMR_I 01 Laboratory, University Center for Health Research, CURS-UPJV, Picardy Jules Verne University, 80054, Amiens cedex 1, France
| | - Flore Depeint
- Unité Transformations & Agroressources ULR7519, Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle-Université d'Artois, 60026, Beauvais, France
| | - Hafida Khorsi-Cauet
- PeriTox UMR_I 01 Laboratory, University Center for Health Research, CURS-UPJV, Picardy Jules Verne University, 80054, Amiens cedex 1, France.
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11
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Calaf GM, Bleak TC, Roy D. Signs of carcinogenicity induced by parathion, malathion, and estrogen in human breast epithelial cells (Review). Oncol Rep 2021; 45:24. [PMID: 33649804 PMCID: PMC7905528 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.7975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer development is a multistep process that may be induced by a variety of compounds. Environmental substances, such as pesticides, have been associated with different human diseases. Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are among the most commonly used insecticides. Despite the fact that organophosphorus has been associated with an increased risk of cancer, particularly hormone-mediated cancer, few prospective studies have examined the use of individual insecticides. Reported results have demonstrated that OPs and estrogen induce a cascade of events indicative of the transformation of human breast epithelial cells. In vitro studies analyzing an immortalized non-tumorigenic human breast epithelial cell line may provide us with an approach to analyzing cell transformation under the effects of OPs in the presence of estrogen. The results suggested hormone-mediated effects of these insecticides on the risk of cancer among women. It can be concluded that, through experimental models, the initiation of cancer can be studied by analyzing the steps that transform normal breast cells to malignant ones through certain substances, such as pesticides and estrogen. Such substances cause genomic instability, and therefore tumor formation in the animal, and signs of carcinogenesis in vitro. Cancer initiation has been associated with an increase in genomic instability, indicated by the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes and activation of oncogenes in the presence of malathion, parathion, and estrogen. In the present study, a comprehensive summary of the impact of OPs in human and rat breast cancer, specifically their effects on the cell cycle, signaling pathways linked to epidermal growth factor, drug metabolism, and genomic instability in an MCF-10F estrogen receptor-negative breast cell line is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria M Calaf
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - Tammy C Bleak
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - Debasish Roy
- Department of Natural Sciences, Hostos Community College of The City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10451, USA
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12
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Aliomrani M, Mesripour A, Sayahpour Z. AChR is partly responsible in mice depressive-like behavior after Phosalone exposure. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 84:106957. [PMID: 33539933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.106957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosalone (Pln) is an organophosphorus pesticide acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. Blockade of AChE amplifies ACh signaling that is related to depressive symptoms. The effects of Pln exposure were evaluated on depressive behavior in mice and the involvement of muscarinic ACh receptor (MAChR) was assessed. MATERIAL AND METHODS After measuring total activity in the locomotor test the immobility time during the forced swimming test (FST) in male mice was evaluated as an index of depression. Pln single dose was administered by gavage feeding and examined after 3 h (day1) and on day 7 for evaluating delayed toxicity. In separate groups Pln was administered for 5 consecutive days and examined on day 6 also after one-week delay on day12. RESULTS While there were only marginal differences in the locomotor tests. Immobility time during the FST significantly increased on day1 by Pln 6, 12, 40 mg/kg (185 ± 17 s, 186 ± 9 s, 172.0 ± 7 s respectively) compared with control animals (149 ± 8 s, p < 0.01), immobility time was higher than control on day 6 after multiple exposures to Pln (0.6, 6, 12, 20 mg/kg 190 ± 20s, 210 ± 4 s, 196 ± 10s, 204 ± 9 respectively, vs control 153 ± 7 p < 0.001). The immobility time remained high following a week of relapse. The co-administration of Pln with scopolamine (Scp) a MAChR antagonist reduced immobility time (141 ± 10s vs Pln 186 ± 9 s, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Single exposure to Pln induced depressive-like effects that were reversed by Scp, indicating that MAChR stimulation may be involved. While cumulative exposures caused more pronounced changes in depressive behavior that remained after a week from the last exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Aliomrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Azadeh Mesripour
- Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Zahra Sayahpour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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13
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Correlation Study Between Erythrocyte Acetylcholinesterase Activity, Serum Malondialdehyde and Insulin Sensitivity in Agricultural Workers and Non-agricultural Workers in Nat-Kan Village, Magway Township. J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc 2021; 35:85-92. [PMID: 33442173 PMCID: PMC7784094 DOI: 10.15605/jafes.035.01.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study determined the correlation between erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and insulin sensitivity in agricultural workers and non-agricultural workers. Methodology The cross-sectional comparative study was undertaken in 45 agricultural and 45 non-agricultural workers from Nat-Kan Village, Magway Township. Erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity and serum malondialdehyde were measured by spectrophotometric method. Insulin sensitivity was calculated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Results Mean erythrocyte AChE activity was significantly lower in agricultural (3553.99 IU/L) compared with nonagricultural workers (4432.68 IU/L) (p<0.001). A significant high level of mean serum MDA was observed in agricultural workers (0.74 versus 0.28 μmol/L, p<0.001). Median HOMA-IR value was significantly higher in agricultural (2.74) than that of non-agricultural workers (2.28) (p<0.05). The risk of insulin resistance was 2.8 times greater in agricultural workers than non-agricultural workers (OR 2.8, 95% CI, 1.18 to 6.72). Erythrocyte AChE activity had weak negative correlation with serum MDA level (r=-0.357, p<0.001) and HOMA-IR (ρ= -0.305, p<0.05). There was a significant but weak positive correlation between serum MDA level and HOMA-IR (ρ=0.355, p<0.001). Conclusion Organophosphate pesticide exposure lowered erythrocyte AChE activity and increased oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is partly attributed to the development of insulin resistance.
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Molina-Pintor IB, Rojas-García AE, Bernal-Hernández YY, Medina-Díaz IM, González-Arias CA, Barrón-Vivanco BS. Relationship between butyrylcholinesterase activity and lipid parameters in workers occupationally exposed to pesticides. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:39365-39374. [PMID: 32648216 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08197-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to organophosphate pesticides (OP) has been associated with the inhibition of cholinesterase enzymatic activity, such as butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). Changes in BuChE activity have been associated with obesity, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, and metabolic syndrome. However, few studies have evaluated the effects of pesticides on both BuChE and lipid parameters. The aim of this study was to evaluate lipid parameters in urban sprayers and their association with BuChE activity. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in workers exposed to pesticides. The pesticide exposures were evaluated by the measurement of urinary dialkylphosphates. BuChE activity was determined spectrophotometrically in serum, and biochemical parameters were determined at a certified laboratory. Information regarding general characteristics, lifestyle, and other aspects was obtained from a structured questionnaire. The results showed variations in glucose, cholesterol, albumin, atherogenic index, creatinine, LDL, VLDL, triglycerides, and total lipids according to the level of exposure to pesticides in individuals with overweight and obesity. Furthermore, positive correlations between BuChE activity and lipid parameters were observed; these effects were associated with the body mass index. More studies are needed in human population to better elucidate the role of BuChE in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Betzaida Molina-Pintor
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Los Fresnos, 63190, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Unidad Académica de Agricultura, Km. 9 Carretera Tepic-Compostela, Xalisco, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Aurora Elizabeth Rojas-García
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Los Fresnos, 63190, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Yael Yvette Bernal-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Los Fresnos, 63190, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Irma Martha Medina-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Los Fresnos, 63190, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Cyndia Azucena González-Arias
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Los Fresnos, 63190, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Briscia Socorro Barrón-Vivanco
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Los Fresnos, 63190, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.
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15
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Kaur N, Starling AP, Calafat AM, Sjodin A, Clouet-Foraison N, Dolan LM, Imperatore G, Jensen ET, Lawrence JM, Ospina M, Pihoker C, Taylor KW, Turley C, Dabelea D, Jaacks LM. Longitudinal association of biomarkers of pesticide exposure with cardiovascular disease risk factors in youth with diabetes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 181:108916. [PMID: 31761333 PMCID: PMC6982582 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among individuals with diabetes, but little is known about the role of exposures to environmental chemicals such as pesticides in the early development of CVD risk in this population. OBJECTIVES To describe changes over time in concentrations of pesticide biomarkers among youth with diabetes in the United States and to estimate the longitudinal association between these concentrations and established risk factors for CVD. METHODS Pesticide biomarkers were quantified in urine and serum samples from 87 youth with diabetes participating in the multi-center SEARCH cohort study. Samples were obtained around the time of diagnosis (baseline visit, between 2006 and 2010) and, on average, 5.4 years later (follow-up visit, between 2012 and 2015). We calculated geometric mean (95% CI) pesticide biomarker concentrations. Eight CVD risk factors were measured at these two time points: body mass index (BMI) z-score, HbA1c, insulin sensitivity, fasting C-peptide (FCP), LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. Linear regression models were used to estimate the associations between each pesticide biomarker at baseline and each CVD risk factor at follow-up, adjusting for baseline health outcome, elapsed time between baseline and follow up, sex, age, race/ethnicity, and diabetes type. RESULTS Participants were, on average, 14.2 years old at their baseline visit, and most were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (57.5%). 4-nitrophenol, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol, 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene, and hexachlorobenzene were detected in a majority of participants at both time points. Participants in the highest quartile of 2,4-D and 4-nitrophenol at baseline had HbA1c levels at follow-up that were 1.05 percentage points (95% CI: -0.40, 2.51) and 1.27 percentage points (0.22, 2.75) higher, respectively, than participants in the lowest quartile of these pesticide biomarkers at baseline. These participants also had lower log FCP levels (indicating reduced beta-cell function) compared to participants in the lowest quartile at baseline: beta (95% CI) for log FCP of -0.64 (-1.17, -0.11) for 2,4-D and -0.39 (-0.96, 0.18) for 4-nitrophenol. In other words, participants in the highest quartile of 2,4-D had a 47.3% lower FCP level compared to participants in the lowest quartile, and those in the highest quartile of 4-nitrophenol had a 32.3% lower FCP level than those in the lowest quartile. Participants with trans-nonachlor concentrations in the highest quartile at baseline had HbA1c levels that were 1.45 percentage points (-0.11, 3.01) higher and log FCP levels that were -0.28 (-0.84, 0.28) lower than participants in the lowest quartile at baseline, that is to say, participants in the highest quartile of trans-nonachlor had a 24.4% lower FCP level than those in the lowest quartile. While not all of these results were statistically significant, potentially due to the small same size, clinically, there appears to be quantitative differences. No associations were observed between any pesticide biomarker at baseline with BMI z-score or insulin sensitivity at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to select pesticides may be associated with impaired beta-cell function and poorer glycemic control among youth with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdep Kaur
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne P Starling
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andreas Sjodin
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Noemie Clouet-Foraison
- Northwest Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lawrence M Dolan
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Giuseppina Imperatore
- Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Jensen
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jean M Lawrence
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Maria Ospina
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Catherine Pihoker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kyla W Taylor
- Office of Health Assessment and Translation, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christine Turley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lindsay M Jaacks
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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16
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Lakshmi J, Mukhopadhyay K, Ramaswamy P, Mahadevan S. A Systematic Review on Organophosphate Pesticide and Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; 16:586-597. [PMID: 31544698 DOI: 10.2174/1573399815666190712192844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are extremely poisonous and they affect the glucose breakdown in numerous and mechanism. There are higher evidence of stimulating diabetes mellitus through OP pesticides especially the type II diabetes. The upsurge in the level of glucose (hyperglycemia), and insulin resistance along with their related outcomes are discussed in this review. The data related to investigational and clinical techniques endorse a connection amid such molecular mechanism and compounds of OPs. Numerous studies conducted till March 2018 have reported OP' exposures and diabetes-related outcomes. The acute and chronic exposure in case of these insecticides and diabetesrelated outcomes are defined in this study. Initially, it was declared that OPs prompt to hyperglycemia. Then, a high association of glucose in blood beside insulin was found out. The affirmation from some clinical as well as investigational studies supported a connection amid exposure to OP and diabetes, yet in maximum number of instances, non-specific diabetes occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jothi Lakshmi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Krishnendu Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Padmavathi Ramaswamy
- Department of Physiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Shriraam Mahadevan
- Department of Endocrinology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, India
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17
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Czajka M, Matysiak-Kucharek M, Jodłowska-Jędrych B, Sawicki K, Fal B, Drop B, Kruszewski M, Kapka-Skrzypczak L. Organophosphorus pesticides can influence the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes with concomitant metabolic changes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 178:108685. [PMID: 31479978 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Widespread use and the bioaccumulation of pesticides in the environment lead to the contamination of air, water, soil and agricultural resources. A huge body of evidence points to the association between the pesticide exposure and increase in the incidence of chronic diseases, e.g. cancer, birth defects, reproductive disorders, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, developmental disorders, metabolic disorders, chronic renal disorders or autoimmune diseases. Organophosphorus compounds are among the most widely used pesticides. A growing body of evidence is suggesting the potential interdependence between the organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) exposure and risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This article reviews the current literature to highlight the latest in vitro and in vivo evidences on the possible influence of OPs on obesity and T2DM development, as well as epidemiological evidence for the metabolic toxicity of OPs in humans. The article also draws attention to the influence of maternal OPs exposure on offspring. Summarized studies suggest that OPs exposure is associated with metabolic changes linked with obesity and T2DM indicated that such exposures may increase risk or vulnerability to other contributory components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Czajka
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Matysiak-Kucharek
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Jodłowska-Jędrych
- Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080, Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Sawicki
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Berta Fal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Drop
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics with E-learning Lab, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090, Lublin, Poland; Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lucyna Kapka-Skrzypczak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090, Lublin, Poland.
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18
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da Luz Abreu E, Savall ASP, Boneberg AA, Martins BB, Gervini VC, Sampaio TB, Fajardo AR, Paroul N, Roos DH, Pinton S. (3Z)-5-Chloro-3-(Hydroxyimino)indolin-2-one attenuates hyperglycemia, increased hepatic glycogen content and hepatic damage induced by malathion acute exposure in rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:61. [PMID: 31516541 PMCID: PMC6727524 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0374-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organophosphorus pesticides (OP's) are heavily constituted in agriculture, gardens, home and veterinary and although it is useful, there are concerns about the environment, safety and health of human and animals. In this study, we investigated the effects of a new oxime, (3Z)-5-Chloro-3-(Hydroxyimino)indolin-2-one (OXIME) against the alterations induced by malathion, an OP insecticide, acute exposure on markers of hepatic damage, glucose homeostasis, oxidative stress in rats cholinesterase (ChE) activity in rats. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control; Malathion; OXIME; and Malathion+OXIME. Twelve hours after co-treatment with malathion (250 mg/kg, i.p.) and/or OXIME (50 mg/kg, i.g.), the plasma and liver samples were collected for biochemical analyses. RESULTS The OXIME blocked the increase of plasma markers of hepatic function (AST and ALP) and the enzymatic inhibition of catalase and glutathione reductase in the liver of malathion-treated rats. Moreover, the hepatic cholinesterases inhibition induced by malathion acute exposure was suppressed by OXIME treatment. As assessed, a single dose of OXIME lowered the glycemia levels and hepatic glycogen content enhanced by malathion. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests promise effects of (3Z)-5-Chloro-3-(Hydroxyimino) indolin-2-one against the hyperglycemia and the hepatic damage induced by malathion acute exposure, as well as its use as a ChE activity reactivator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina da Luz Abreu
- Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA) Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, RS CEP 97500-970 Brazil
| | - Anne Suély Pinto Savall
- Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA) Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, RS CEP 97500-970 Brazil
| | - Allyson Ardais Boneberg
- Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA) Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, RS CEP 97500-970 Brazil
| | - Bianca Barreto Martins
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS CEP 96201-900 Brazil
| | | | - Tuane Bazanella Sampaio
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Farroupilha – Campus Santo Ângelo, Santo Ângelo, RS CEP 98806-700 Brazil
| | - André Ricardo Fajardo
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel) - Campus Capão do Leão s/n, Pelotas, RS CEP 96010-900 Brazil
| | - Natália Paroul
- Universidade Regional Integrada (URI), Campus Erechim, Erechim, RS CEP 99709-910 Brazil
| | - Daniel Henrique Roos
- Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA) Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, RS CEP 97500-970 Brazil
| | - Simone Pinton
- Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA) Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, RS CEP 97500-970 Brazil
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Xu J, Ou K, Chen C, Li B, Guo J, Zuo Z, Wang C. Tributyltin exposure disturbs hepatic glucose metabolism in male mice. Toxicology 2019; 425:152242. [PMID: 31306684 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.152242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Some previous studies showed that organotin compounds induced diabetes in animal models. The underlying mechanisms should be further revealed. In this study, male KM mice were exposed to tributyltin (TBT) at 0.5, 5 and 50 μg/kg once every three days for 45 days. The TBT-treated mice exhibited an elevation of fasting blood glucose level and glucose intolerance. The fasting serum insulin levels were increased and reached a significant difference in the 50 μg/kg group; the glucagon levels were significantly decreased in all the treatments. Pancreatic β-cell mass was significantly decreased in all the treatments; α-cell mass showed a significant decrease in the 5 and 50 ug/kg groups. The transcription of pancreatic insulin gene (Ins2) showed an up-regulation and reached a significant difference in the 5 and 50 μg/kg groups, which would be responsible for the increased serum insulin levels. The transcription of glucagon gene (Gcg) in the pancreas was significantly down-regulated in the 5 and 50 ug/kg groups. The protein expression of hepatic glucagon receptor was down-regulated, while the expression of glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was up-regulated accompanied by increased hepatic glycogen content. These results indicated that hepatic gluconeogenesis was enhanced during insulin resistance stage caused by TBT exposure, which would exert a potential risk inducing the development of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunlin Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuqiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Binshui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaojiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Chonggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Joshi AKR, Sukumaran BO. Metabolic dyshomeostasis by organophosphate insecticides: insights from experimental and human studies. EXCLI JOURNAL 2019; 18:479-484. [PMID: 31423127 PMCID: PMC6694704 DOI: 10.17179/excli2019-1492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bindhu Omana Sukumaran
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, Jain University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India 560041
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21
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Nili-Ahmadabadi A, Akbari Z, Ahmadimoghaddam D, Larki-Harchegani A. The role of ghrelin and tumor necrosis factor alpha in diazinon-induced dyslipidemia: insights into energy balance regulation. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 157:138-142. [PMID: 31153461 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The evidence shows that organophosphate compounds (OPCs), as toxic agents that stimulate the cholinergic system, can increase the incidence of metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia. In the present study, we focused on the role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and serum leptin and ghrelin in Diazinon (DZN)-induced dyslipidemia. The rats were randomly divided into five groups comprising eight animals, and all were treated via oral gavage for 28 consecutive days as follows: group one received only corn oil daily, while groups two through five received different doses of DZN dissolved in corn oil equal to 1/40, 1/20, 1/10 and 1/5 of the LD50 daily, respectively. The alteration of the serum lipid profile, such as triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), was confirmed the occurrence of dyslipidemia in the range of doses 1/20-1/5 LD50 of DZN. Although no changes were found in the serum leptin levels, a significant increase was observed in the size of adipocytes, as well as in the TNF-α and ghrelin serum levels, and in the accumulation of epididymal fat, especially at a dose of 1/5 LD50 of DZN. It seems that interactions among the inflammatory reaction, cholinergic pathways and ghrelin secretion may be effective causes of DZN-induced dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Nili-Ahmadabadi
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Zahra Akbari
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Davoud Ahmadimoghaddam
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amir Larki-Harchegani
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Shrestha S, Singh VK, Sarkar SK, Shanmugasundaram B, Jeevaratnam K, Koner BC. Effect of sub-toxic chlorpyrifos on redox sensitive kinases and insulin signaling in rat L6 myotubes. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2019; 17:325-332. [PMID: 30918868 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-018-0379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Sub-chronic exposures to chlorpyrifos, an organophosphorus pesticide is associated with incidence of diabetes mellitus. Biochemical basis of chlorpyrifos-induced diabetes mellitus is not known. Hence, effect of its sub-toxic exposure on redox sensitive kinases, insulin signaling and insulin-induced glucose uptake were assessed in rat muscle cell line. Methods In an in vitro study, rat myoblasts (L6) cell line were differentiated to myotubes and then were exposed to sub-toxic concentrations (6 mg/L and 12 mg/L) of chlorpyrifos for 18 h. Then total anti-oxidant level in myotubes was measured and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was assayed. Assessment of activation of NFκB & p38MAPK and insulin signaling following insulin stimulation from tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and serine phosphorylation of Akt were done in myotubes after chlorpyrifos exposure by western blot (WB) and compared with those in vehicle-treated controls. Results The glucose uptake and total antioxidant level in L6-derived myotubes after sub-toxic exposure to chlorpyrifos were decreased in a dose-dependent manner. As measured from band density of WB, phosphorylation levels increased for redo-sensitive kinases (p38MAPK and IκBα component of NFκB) and decreased for IRS-1 (at tyrosine 1222) and Akt (at serine 473) on insulin stimulation following chlorpyrifos exposure as compared to those in controls. Conclusion We conclude that sub-toxic chlorpyrifos exposure induces oxidative stress in muscle cells activating redox sensitive kinases that impairs insulin signaling and thereby insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in muscle cells. This probably explains the biochemical basis of chlorpyrifos-induced insulin resistance state and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrijana Shrestha
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College, 2 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, PIN 110002 India
| | - Vijay Kumar Singh
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College, 2 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, PIN 110002 India
| | - Sajib Kumar Sarkar
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College, 2 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, PIN 110002 India
| | | | - Kadirvelu Jeevaratnam
- 2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014 India
| | - Bidhan Chandra Koner
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College, 2 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, PIN 110002 India
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Zhao F, Wang H, Wei P, Jiang G, Wang W, Zhang X, Ru S. Impairment of bisphenol F on the glucose metabolism of zebrafish larvae. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 165:386-392. [PMID: 30218961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol F (BPF) is a substitute of bisphenol A in the production of epoxy resin and polycarbonate. Its extensive use in consumer products leads to a wide human exposure at high levels. Although the adverse effects of BPF on animal health are of increasing public concern, its risks on systematic glucose metabolism and blood glucose concentrations still remain largely unknown. Using zebrafish larvae as the model animal, we investigated the disturbance of BPF exposure on glucose metabolism and the underlying mechanisms. Zebrafish larvae at 96 h post fertilization were exposed to 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μg/L of BPF for 48 h. Compared with the control group, glucose levels of larvae increased significantly in the 10 and 100 μg/L exposure groups, which are associated with enhancement of gluconeogenesis and suppression of glycolysis induced by high doses of BPF. Additionally, both mRNA expressions and protein levels of insulin increased significantly in the 10 and 100 μg/L exposure groups, while transcription levels of genes encoding insulin receptor substrates decreased significantly in these groups, indicating a possibly decreased insulin sensitivity due to impairment of insulin signaling transduction downstream of insulin receptor. Further, compared with BPF alone, co-exposure of larvae to BPF and rosiglitazone, an insulin sensitizer, significantly attenuates increases in both glucose levels and mRNA expressions of a key gluconeogenesis enzyme. Our data therefore indicate impairing insulin signaling transduction may be the main mechanism through which BPF disrupts glucose metabolism and induces hyperglycemia. Results of the present study inform the health risk assessment of BPF and also suggest the use of zebrafish larvae in large-scale screening of chemicals with possible glucose metabolism disturbing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Hongfang Wang
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Penghao Wei
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Guobin Jiang
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, PR China.
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The Antidiabetic Drug Liraglutide Minimizes the Non-Cholinergic Neurotoxicity of the Pesticide Mipafox in SH-SY5Y Cells. Neurotox Res 2018; 35:150-159. [PMID: 30088187 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9941-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphorus (OPs) compounds have been widely used in agriculture, industry, and household, and the neurotoxicity induced by them is still a cause of concern. The main toxic mechanism of OPs is the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE); however, the delayed neuropathy induced by OPs (OPIDN) is mediated by other mechanisms such as the irreversible inhibition of 70% of NTE activity (neuropathy target esterase) that leads to axonal degeneration. Liraglutide is a long-lasting GLP-1 analog clinically used as antidiabetic. Its neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects have been demonstrated in vitro and in experimental models of neurodegenerative diseases. As in OPIDN, axonal degeneration also plays a role in neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, this study investigated the protective potential of liraglutide against the neurotoxicity of OPs by using mipafox as a neuropathic agent (at a concentration able to inhibit and age 70% of NTE activity) and a neuronal model with SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, which express both esterases. Liraglutide protected cells against the neurotoxicity of mipafox by increasing neuritogenesis, the uptake of glucose, the levels of cytoskeleton proteins, and synaptic-plasticity modulators, besides decreasing the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1β and caspase-3 activity. This is the first study to suggest that liraglutide might induce beneficial effects against the delayed, non-cholinergic neurotoxicity of OPs.
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25
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Zhang J, Song W, Sun Y, Cheng B, Shan A. Changes in glucose metabolism and mRNA expression of IRS-2 in rats exposed to phoxim and the protective effects of vitamin E. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:201-210. [PMID: 30090575 PMCID: PMC6061297 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00243b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has shown that organophosphorus pesticides impair glucose homeostasis and cause insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The current study investigates the influence of phoxim on insulin signaling pathways and the protective effects of vitamin E. Phoxim (180 mg kg-1) and VE (200 mg kg-1) were administered orally to Sprague-Dawley rats over a period of 28 consecutive days. After exposure to phoxim, the animals showed glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia during glucose tolerance tests, and insulin tolerance tests demonstrated an impaired glucose-lowering effect of insulin. Phoxim increases the fasting glucose, insulin and cholesterol levels, as well as the liver hexokinase activity (HK) significantly while decreasing the high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and glycogen content in the liver and skeletal muscles observably. Furthermore, we observed an increase of insulin resistance biomarkers and a decrease of insulin sensitivity indices. The insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-2 mRNA expressions of liver and skeletal muscles were down-regulated by phoxim, while the expression of IRS-1 showed no difference. There were no differences in triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, and fasting glucose treated with phoxim. On the basis of biochemical and molecular findings, phoxim has been determined to impair glucose homeostasis through insulin resistance and insulin signaling pathway disruptions resulting in a reduced function of insulin in hepatocytes and muscles. VE supplementation reduced the fasting glucose, increased the glycogen content and HDL-cholesterol, but did not reduce the insulin resistance indices, when phoxim-treated rats were compared to VE supplemented rats. Overall, this study shows that vitamin E modifies the phoxim toxicity in rats only to a moderate degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , 150030 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 0451 5519 0685
| | - Wentao Song
- Institute of Animal Nutrition , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , 150030 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 0451 5519 0685
| | - Yuecheng Sun
- Institute of Animal Nutrition , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , 150030 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 0451 5519 0685
| | - Baojing Cheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , 150030 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 0451 5519 0685
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , 150030 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 0451 5519 0685
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Ramirez-Vargas MA, Flores-Alfaro E, Uriostegui-Acosta M, Alvarez-Fitz P, Parra-Rojas I, Moreno-Godinez ME. Effects of exposure to malathion on blood glucose concentration: a meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:3233-3242. [PMID: 29235025 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0890-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to malathion (an organophosphate pesticide widely used around the world) has been associated with alterations in blood glucose concentration in animal models. However, the results are inconsistent. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate whether malathion exposure can disturb the concentrations of blood glucose in exposed rats. We performed a literature search of online databases including PubMed, EBSCO, and Google Scholar and reviewed original articles that analyzed the relation between malathion exposure and glucose levels in animal models. The selection of articles was based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The database search identified thirty-five possible articles, but only eight fulfilled our inclusion criteria, and these studies were included in the meta-analysis. The effect of malathion on blood glucose concentration showed a non-monotonic dose-response curve. In addition, pooled analysis showed that blood glucose concentrations were 3.3-fold higher in exposed rats than in the control group (95% CI, 2-5; Z = 3.9; p < 0.0001) in a random-effect model. This result suggested that alteration of glucose homeostasis is a possible mechanism of toxicity associated with exposure to malathion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antonio Ramirez-Vargas
- Laboratorio De Toxicología y Salud Ambiental, Facultad De Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma De Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 39070, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Eugenia Flores-Alfaro
- Laboratorio De Investigación En Epidemiologia Clínica y Molecular, Facultad De Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma De Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - Mayrut Uriostegui-Acosta
- Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicogenómica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma De Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - Patricia Alvarez-Fitz
- Laboratorio De Toxicología y Salud Ambiental, Facultad De Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma De Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 39070, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Isela Parra-Rojas
- Laboratorio De Investigación En Obesidad y Diabetes, Facultad De Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma De Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - Ma Elena Moreno-Godinez
- Laboratorio De Toxicología y Salud Ambiental, Facultad De Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma De Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 39070, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico.
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Karami-Mohajeri S, Ahmadipour A, Rahimi HR, Abdollahi M. Adverse effects of organophosphorus pesticides on the liver: a brief summary of four decades of research. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2018; 68:261-275. [DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2017-68-2989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are widely used volatile pesticides that have harmful effects on the liver in acute and chronic exposures. This review article summarises and discusses a wide collection of studies published over the last 40 years reporting on the effects of OPs on the liver, in an attempt to propose general mechanisms of OP hepatotoxicity and possible treatment. Several key biological processes have been reported as involved in OP-induced hepatotoxicity such as disturbances in the antioxidant defence system, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial and microsomal metabolism. Most studies show that antioxidants can attenuate oxidative stress and the consequent changes in liver function. However, few studies have examined the relationship between OP structures and the severity and mechanism of their action. We hope that future in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials will answer the remaining questions about the mechanisms of OP hepatotoxicity and its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Tehran , Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran , Iran
| | - Ahmad Ahmadipour
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran , Iran
| | - Hamid-Reza Rahimi
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Tehran , Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman , Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology4, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran , Iran
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Kaur K, Kaur R. Occupational Pesticide Exposure, Impaired DNA Repair, and Diseases. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2018; 22:74-81. [PMID: 30319227 PMCID: PMC6176703 DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_45_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are a mixture of chemical substances used to kill pests. Apart from their toxicity to pests, thy affect nontarget organisms. They also generate free radicals producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) which can disturb cellular pathways by inhibiting various enzymes or receptors. Pesticides also induce oxidative DNA damage, DNA adducts, and single or double strand DNA breaks. Various mechanisms of DNA repair deal with such damages and help to maintain cell integrity. Alteration in DNA repair genes modulates the individual's susceptibility towards DNA repair and various diseases. Biological monitoring provides a useful tool for the estimation of genetic risk in populations exposed to pesticides. Large numbers of evidences show that occupational exposure to pesticides in agricultural workers has been associated with an increased incidence of various diseases such as cancer, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, reproductive disorders, and birth defects. In this review, we have discussed occupational pesticide exposure, various mechanisms of DNA damage caused by pesticides, DNA repair mechanisms, biomonitoring tools, and various diseases caused by pesticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karashdeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
| | - Rupinder Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
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29
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Sakkiah S, Wang T, Zou W, Wang Y, Pan B, Tong W, Hong H. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals Mediated through Binding Androgen Receptor Are Associated with Diabetes Mellitus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 15:ijerph15010025. [PMID: 29295509 PMCID: PMC5800125 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can mimic natural hormone to interact with receptors in the endocrine system and thus disrupt the functions of the endocrine system, raising concerns on the public health. In addition to disruption of the endocrine system, some EDCs have been found associated with many diseases such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, infertility, asthma, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. EDCs that binding androgen receptor have been reported associated with diabetes mellitus in in vitro, animal, and clinical studies. In this review, we summarize the structural basis and interactions between androgen receptor and EDCs as well as the associations of various types of diabetes mellitus with the EDCs mediated through androgen receptor binding. We also discuss the perspective research for further understanding the impact and mechanisms of EDCs on the risk of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugunadevi Sakkiah
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Tony Wang
- Department of Biology, Arkansas University, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - Wen Zou
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Yuping Wang
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Bohu Pan
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Weida Tong
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Huixiao Hong
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
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Kokushi E, Shintoyo A, Koyama J, Uno S. Evaluation of 2,4-dichlorophenol exposure of Japanese medaka, Oryzias latipes, using a metabolomics approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:27678-27686. [PMID: 27053050 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the metabolic effects of waterborne exposure of medaka (Oryzias latipes) to nominal concentrations of 20 (L group) and 2000 μg/L (H group) 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP) were examined using a gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) metabolomics approach. A principal component analysis (PCA) separated the L, H, and control groups along PC1 to explain the toxic effects of DCP at 24 h of exposure. Furthermore, the L and H groups were separated along PC1 at 96 h on the PCA score plots. These results suggest that the effects of DCP depended on exposure concentration and time. Changes in tricarboxylic cycle metabolites suggested that fish exposed to 2,4-DCP require more energy to metabolize and eliminate DCP, particularly at 96 h of exposure. A time-dependent response in the fish exposed to DCP was observed in the GC/MS data, suggesting that the higher DCP concentration had greater effects at 24 h than those observed in response to the lower concentration. In addition, several essential amino acids (arginine, histidine, lysine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine) decreased after DCP exposure in the H group, and starvation condition and high concentration exposure of DCP could consume excess energy from amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Kokushi
- Education and Research Center for Marine Resources and Environment, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan.
| | - Aoi Shintoyo
- Education and Research Center for Marine Resources and Environment, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan
| | - Jiro Koyama
- Education and Research Center for Marine Resources and Environment, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan
| | - Seiichi Uno
- Education and Research Center for Marine Resources and Environment, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan
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Polluted Pathways: Mechanisms of Metabolic Disruption by Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals. Curr Environ Health Rep 2017; 4:208-222. [PMID: 28432637 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-017-0137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Environmental toxicants are increasingly implicated in the global decline in metabolic health. Focusing on diabetes, herein, the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which metabolism disrupting chemicals (MDCs) impair energy homeostasis are discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Emerging data implicate MDC perturbations in a variety of pathways as contributors to metabolic disease pathogenesis, with effects in diverse tissues regulating fuel utilization. Potentiation of traditional metabolic risk factors, such as caloric excess, and emerging threats to metabolism, such as disruptions in circadian rhythms, are important areas of current and future MDC research. Increasing evidence also implicates deleterious effects of MDCs on metabolic programming that occur during vulnerable developmental windows, such as in utero and early post-natal life as well as pregnancy. Recent insights into the mechanisms by which MDCs alter energy homeostasis will advance the field's ability to predict interactions with classical metabolic disease risk factors and empower studies utilizing targeted therapeutics to treat MDC-mediated diabetes.
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Niaz K, Mabqool F, Khan F, Ismail Hassan F, Baeeri M, Navaei-Nigjeh M, Hassani S, Gholami M, Abdollahi M. Molecular mechanisms of action of styrene toxicity in blood plasma and liver. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:2256-2266. [PMID: 28678435 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Styrene is an aromatic colorless hydrocarbon available in liquid form and highly volatile. In its pure form, it gives a sweet smell. The primary source of exposure in the environment is from plastic materials, rubber industries, packaging materials, insulations, and fiber glass and carpet industry. Natural sources of styrene include: few metabolites in plants which are transferred through food chain. The current study was designed to evaluate styrene toxicity, including: superoxide dismutase (SOD) and protein carbonyl, oxidative stress, glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), glycogen phosphorylase (GP), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activities, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ratio, and changes in gene expressions such as glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GLUD1), glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), and glucokinase (GCK) in the rat liver tissue. For this purpose, styrene was dissolved in corn oil and was administered via gavage, at doses 250, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, mg/kg/day per mL and control (corn oil) to each rat with one day off in a week, for 42 days. Plasma SOD and protein carbonyl of plasma were significantly up-regulated in 1000, 1500, and 2000 mg/kg/day styrene administrated groups (P < .001). In addition, styrene caused an increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the dose-dependent manners in liver tissue (P < .001). Furthermore, the ferrous reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and total thiol molecules (TTM) in styrene-treated groups were significantly decreased in liver tissue (P < .001) with increasing doses. In treated rats, styrene significantly increased G6Pase activity (P < .001) and down-regulated GP activity (P < .001) as compared to the control group. The PEPCK activity was significantly raised in a dose-dependent manner (P < .001). The ATP/ADP ratio of live cells was significantly raised by increasing the dose (P < .001). There was significantly an up-regulation of GLUD1 and GCK at 2000 mg/kg group (P < .01) and a down-regulation for GLUT2 at the same dose. While in the rest of group, GLUT2 showed up-regulation of relative fold change. By targeting genes such as GLUD1, GLUT2, and GCK, disruption of hepatic gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, and insulin secretory functions are obvious. The present study illustrates that induction of oxidative stress followed by changes in G6Pase, GP, and PEPCK activities and the genes responsible for glucose metabolism are the mechanisms of styrene's action in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Niaz
- International Campus-Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faheem Mabqool
- International Campus-Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazlullah Khan
- International Campus-Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatima Ismail Hassan
- International Campus-Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Navaei-Nigjeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Hassani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Gholami
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- International Campus-Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Xiao X, Clark JM, Park Y. Potential contribution of insecticide exposure and development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 105:456-474. [PMID: 28487232 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of insecticides has greatly improved agricultural productivity and human nutrition; however, the wide use of insecticides has also sparked growing concern over their health impacts. Increased rate of cancers, neurodegenerative disorders, reproductive dysfunction, birth defects, respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases and aging have been linked with insecticide exposure. Meanwhile, a growing body of evidence is suggesting that exposure to insecticides can also potentiate the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes. This review summarizes the relationship between insecticide exposure and development of obesity and type 2 diabetes using epidemiological and rodent animal studies, including potential mechanisms. The evidence as a whole suggests that exposure to insecticides is linked to increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - John M Clark
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, MA, USA
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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Heindel JJ, Blumberg B, Cave M, Machtinger R, Mantovani A, Mendez MA, Nadal A, Palanza P, Panzica G, Sargis R, Vandenberg LN, Vom Saal F. Metabolism disrupting chemicals and metabolic disorders. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 68:3-33. [PMID: 27760374 PMCID: PMC5365353 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 635] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The recent epidemics of metabolic diseases, obesity, type 2 diabetes(T2D), liver lipid disorders and metabolic syndrome have largely been attributed to genetic background and changes in diet, exercise and aging. However, there is now considerable evidence that other environmental factors may contribute to the rapid increase in the incidence of these metabolic diseases. This review will examine changes to the incidence of obesity, T2D and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the contribution of genetics to these disorders and describe the role of the endocrine system in these metabolic disorders. It will then specifically focus on the role of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the etiology of obesity, T2D and NAFLD while finally integrating the information on EDCs on multiple metabolic disorders that could lead to metabolic syndrome. We will specifically examine evidence linking EDC exposures during critical periods of development with metabolic diseases that manifest later in life and across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold J Heindel
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of Extramural Research and Training Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- University of California, Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Irvine CA, USA
| | - Mathew Cave
- University of Louisville, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Louisville KY, USA
| | | | | | - Michelle A Mendez
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Public Health, Chapel Hill NC, USA
| | - Angel Nadal
- Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Paola Palanza
- University of Parma, Department of Neurosciences, Parma, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Panzica
- University of Turin, Department of Neuroscience and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Turin, Italy
| | - Robert Sargis
- University of Chicago, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- University of Massachusetts, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Frederick Vom Saal
- University of Missouri, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia, MO, USA
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Feriani A, Hachani R, Kaabi B, Ncir M, El Feki A, Allagui MS. Protective effects of Zygophyllum album extract against deltamethrin-induced hyperglycemia and hepato-pancreatic disorders in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:1202-1210. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The current study was designed to investigate the possible mechanism involved in hyperglycemia induced by chronic exposure to deltamethrin (DLM) in rat and to assess whether this damage is amenable to modulation by Zygophyllum album. DLM, a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide, was administrated at a dose of 4 mg/kg body mass, during 60 days. Compared with control, DLM showed a significant increase of blood glucose (p ≤ 0.01) and glycosylated hemoglobin levels (p ≤ 0.01) and a clear decrease (p ≤ 0.01) of insulin and total hemoglobin levels. In addition, hepatic glycogen content and the activity of hexokinase decreased (p ≤ 0.01), whereas the activities of glucose-6-phosphatase and glycogen phosphorylase were significantly increased (p ≤ 0.01). Moreover, pancreatic lipid peroxidation (TBARS level) was higher (p ≤ 0.01) and oxidative stress biomarkers (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH) were altered owing to DLM toxicity. However, Z. album, when combined with DLM, significantly ameliorated almost all the hepato-pancreatic disorders induced by DLM alone. Furthermore, Z. album supplement was found to be effective in preserving the normal histological appearance of hepatic and pancreatic tissue. In conclusion, this study suggested that, owing to its antioxidant effects, methanolic extract of Z. album (MEZAL) can potentially prevent the hyperglycemia observed in DLM-treated group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouar Feriani
- Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Science of Sfax, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, 2112 Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Rafik Hachani
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathologies, Integrated Physiology Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Belhassen Kaabi
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, BP 74, 1002 Belvedere-Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Marwa Ncir
- Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Science of Sfax, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Abdelfattah El Feki
- Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Science of Sfax, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
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Leso V, Capitanelli I, Lops EA, Ricciardi W, Iavicoli I. Occupational chemical exposure and diabetes mellitus risk. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 33:222-249. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233715624594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases that may originate from an interaction between genetic and lifestyle risk factors. However, the possible role of occupational chemical exposures in the disease development and progression remains unclear. Therefore, this review aimed to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the relationship between occupational exposure to specific chemical substances or industrial activities and DM morbidity and mortality outcomes. Although some positive findings may support the diabetogenic role of certain pesticides and dioxins in different workplaces, the variable conditions of exposure, the lack of quantitative environmental or biological monitoring data and the different outcomes evaluated do not allow defining a specific exposure-disease causality. Therefore, further epidemiological studies will be necessary to adequately assess modes of action for different substances, dose–response relationships as well as individual susceptibility factors potentially affecting the exposure-disease continuum. Overall, this appears important to adequately assess, communicate and manage risks in occupational chemical exposure settings with the aim to protect workers and build healthier job conditions for diabetic employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veruscka Leso
- Institute of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Capitanelli
- Institute of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Erika Alessandra Lops
- Institute of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Walter Ricciardi
- Institute of Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Teimouri F, Amirkabirian N, Esmaily H, Mohammadirad A, Aliahmadi A, Abdollahi M. Alteration of hepatic cells glucose metabolism as a non-cholinergic detoxication mechanism in counteracting diazinon-induced oxidative stress. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 25:697-703. [PMID: 17286147 DOI: 10.1177/0960327106075064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of acute exposure to various doses of diazinon, a widely used synthetic organophosphorus (OP) insecticide on plasma glucose, hepatic cells key enzymes of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, and oxidative stress in rats. Diazinon was administered by gavage at doses of 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg. The liver was perfused and removed under anaesthesia. The activities of glycogen phosphorylase (GP), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were analysed in liver homogenate. Administration of diazinon (15, 30 and 60 mg/kg) increased plasma glucose concentrations by 101.43% (P=0.001), 103.68% (P=0.000) and 160.65% (P=0.000) of control, respectively. Diazinon (15, 30 and 60 mg/kg) increased hepatic GP activity by 43.5% (P=0.05), 70.3% (P=0.00) and 117.2% (P=0.02) of control, respectively. In addition, diazinon (30 and 60 mg/kg) increased hepatic PEPCK by 77.3% (P=0.000) and 93.5% (P=0.000) of control, respectively. Diazinon (30 and 60 mg/kg) decreased liver TAC by 38% (P=0.046) and 48% (P=0.000) of control, respectively. Also diazinon (30 and 60 mg/kg) increased hepatic cell liver lipid peroxidation by 77% (P=0.05) and 280% (P=0.000) of control. The correlations between plasma glucose and hepatic cells TBARS (r2=0.537, P=0.02), between plasma glucose and ChE activity (r2=0.81, P=0.049) and between plasma glucose and hepatic cells GP activity (r2=0.833, P=0.04) were significant. It is concluded that the liver cells are a site of toxic action of diazinon. Diazinon increases glucose release from liver into blood through activation of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis as a detoxication non-cholinergic mechanism to overwhelm diazinon-induced toxic stress. The results are in accordance with the hypothesis that OPs are a predisposing factor of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Teimouri
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jamal F, Haque QS, Singh S. Interrelation of Glycemic Status and Neuropsychiatric Disturbances in Farmers with Organophosphorus Pesticide Toxicity. Open Biochem J 2016; 10:27-34. [PMID: 27688820 PMCID: PMC5041135 DOI: 10.2174/1874091x01610010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diverse group of agro-chemicals are indiscriminately sprayed by the farmers for pest control to enhance crop yield. About 25 million agricultural workers in the developing world suffer from at least one episode of poisoning each year, mainly by anticholinesterase- like organophosphates (OPs). OBJECTIVE The present study was aimed to establish the OP toxicity in 187 occupationally exposed pesticide sprayers of mango plantation in rural Malihabad, Lucknow, in terms of neuro-cognitive impairment, mental health status, clinical symptoms, diabetes, and hematological factors. METHOD The exposed group was compared to 187 pesticides-unexposed normal healthy persons engaged in normal usual agricultural work (age, sex and education corresponding to age group of selected subject group) from Rural Malihabad, Lucknow (India). Neuro-cognitive impairment was measured using the Subjective Neurocognition Inventory and mental health status using the General Health questionnaire-28. The subjects were also tested for biochemical and enzymatic parameters. RESULTS The exposed farmers showed alterations in enzymatic and clinical parameters. While the rates of anxiety / insomnia and severe depression were also significantly higher in the pesticide sprayers, disorders affecting psychomotor speed, selective attention, divided attention, verbal memory, nonverbal memory, prospective memory, spatial functioning, and initiative/energy were all lower in the sprayers. Pesticide sprayers showed a number of clinical symptoms like eczema, saliva secretion, fatigue, headache, sweating, abdominal pain, nausea, superior distal muscle weakness, inferior distal muscle weakness, hand tingling and etc. which all significantly correlated with the number of working years. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that farmers who work with OPs are prone to neuro-psychological disorders and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrukh Jamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad-224001, India
| | - Quazi S Haque
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad-224001, India
| | - Sangram Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad-224001, India
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Yang X, Bartlett MG. Identification of protein adduction using mass spectrometry: Protein adducts as biomarkers and predictors of toxicity mechanisms. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:652-664. [PMID: 26842586 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The determination of protein-xenobiotic adducts using mass spectrometry is an emerging area which allows detailed understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in toxicity. These approaches can also be used to reveal potential biomarkers of exposure or toxic response. The following review covers studies of protein adducts resulting from exposure to a wide variety of xenobiotics including organophosphates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, acetaminophen, alkylating agents and other related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangkun Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-2352, USA
| | - Michael G Bartlett
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-2352, USA
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Bui-Nguyen TM, Baer CE, Lewis JA, Yang D, Lein PJ, Jackson DA. Dichlorvos exposure results in large scale disruption of energy metabolism in the liver of the zebrafish, Danio rerio. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:853. [PMID: 26499117 PMCID: PMC4619386 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1941-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to dichlorvos (DDVP), an organophosphorus pesticide, is known to result in neurotoxicity as well as other metabolic perturbations. However, the molecular causes of DDVP toxicity are poorly understood, especially in cells other than neurons and muscle cells. To obtain a better understanding of the process of non-neuronal DDVP toxicity, we exposed zebrafish to different concentrations of DDVP, and investigated the resulting changes in liver histology and gene transcription. Results Functional enrichment analysis of genes affected by DDVP exposure identified a number of processes involved in energy utilization and stress response in the liver. The abundance of transcripts for proteins involved in glucose metabolism was profoundly affected, suggesting that carbon flux might be diverted toward the pentose phosphate pathway to compensate for an elevated demand for energy and reducing equivalents for detoxification. Strikingly, many transcripts for molecules involved in β-oxidation and fatty acid synthesis were down-regulated. We found increases in message levels for molecules involved in reactive oxygen species responses as well as ubiquitination, proteasomal degradation, and autophagy. To ensure that the effects of DDVP on energy metabolism were not simply a consequence of poor feeding because of neuromuscular impairment, we fasted fish for 29 or 50 h and analyzed liver gene expression in them. The patterns of gene expression for energy metabolism in fasted and DDVP-exposed fish were markedly different. Conclusion We observed coordinated changes in the expression of a large number of genes involved in energy metabolism and responses to oxidative stress. These results argue that an appreciable part of the effect of DDVP is on energy metabolism and is regulated at the message level. Although we observed some evidence of neuromuscular impairment in exposed fish that may have resulted in reduced feeding, the alterations in gene expression in exposed fish cannot readily be explained by nutrient deprivation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1941-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri M Bui-Nguyen
- ORISE Postdoctoral Fellow, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702, USA. .,Current address: US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
| | | | - John A Lewis
- US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Dongren Yang
- Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Pamela J Lein
- Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - David A Jackson
- US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702, USA.
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Bahadar H, Maqbool F, Mostafalou S, Baeeri M, Gholami M, Ghafour-Boroujerdi E, Abdollahi M. The molecular mechanisms of liver and islets of Langerhans toxicity by benzene and its metabolite hydroquinonein vivoandin vitro. Toxicol Mech Methods 2015; 25:628-36. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2015.1053650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Udeigwe TK, Teboh JM, Eze PN, Stietiya MH, Kumar V, Hendrix J, Mascagni HJ, Ying T, Kandakji T. Implications of leading crop production practices on environmental quality and human health. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 151:267-279. [PMID: 25585140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Globally, much weight is currently being placed on agriculture to provide food for the growing population as well as feedstock for the bioenergy industry. Unfortunately, the intensification of agricultural operations to satisfy these growing needs has been associated with a number of environmental and human health risks. A review of publications on the subject was conducted and emphasis was placed on articles focusing on agriculture, environment, and public health as well as their interactions. Supporting information was also gathered from publications of various agricultural and environmental agencies. Agricultural practices with potential negative implications on the environment and human health were identified broadly as: (a) utilization of biosolids and animal manures, (b) use of agricultural chemicals, (c) management of post-harvest residue, (d) irrigation, and (e) tillage operations. Soil, water, and air contamination by nutrients, heavy metals, pathogens, and pesticides, as well as air contamination by particulate matters, noxious gases, and pathogens were among the leading environmental impacts. Some of the human-health impacts identified included neurological and reproductive defects, cardiovascular risks, cancers and other diseases (of kidney, liver, lung, and skin), skin allergies, gastroenteritis, and methemoglobinemia. Continual awareness on the impacts of the reviewed agricultural practices on environmental quality and human health and the implementation of experimentally-backed best management practices in agricultural systems remain indispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theophilus K Udeigwe
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Jasper M Teboh
- Carrington Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Carrington, ND, USA
| | - Peter N Eze
- School of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, WITS 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - M Hashem Stietiya
- Department of Land, Water and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, 119 Plant Bioscience Building, Bozeman, MT 59717-3150, USA
| | - James Hendrix
- Northeast Region, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 212-B Macon Ridge Road, Winnsboro LA 71295, USA
| | - Henry J Mascagni
- Northeast Region, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 212-B Macon Ridge Road, Winnsboro LA 71295, USA
| | - Teng Ying
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Tarek Kandakji
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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Ranjbar M, Rotondi MA, Ardern CI, Kuk JL. The Influence of Urinary Concentrations of Organophosphate Metabolites on the Relationship between BMI and Cardiometabolic Health Risk. J Obes 2015; 2015:687914. [PMID: 26366294 PMCID: PMC4558452 DOI: 10.1155/2015/687914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective was to determine whether detectable levels of OP metabolites influence the relationship between BMI and cardiometabolic health. This cross-sectional study was conducted using 2227 adults from the 1999-2008 NHANES datasets. Urinary concentrations of six dialkyl phosphate metabolites were dichotomized to above and below the detection limit. Weighted multiple regression analysis was performed adjusting for confounding variables. Independent of BMI, individuals with detectable metabolites had higher diastolic blood pressure (for dimethylphosphate, diethylphosphate, and diethyldithiophosphate; P < 0.05), lower HDL (for diethyldithiophosphate; P = 0.02), and higher triglyceride (for dimethyldithiophosphate; P = 0.05) than those below detection. Contrarily, those with detectable dimethylthiophosphate had better LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol, independent of BMI. Individuals at a higher BMI range who had detectable diethylphosphate (interaction: P = 0.03) and diethylthiophosphate (interaction: P = 0.02) exhibited lower HDL, while little difference existed between OP metabolite detection statuses at lower BMIs. Similarly, individuals with high BMIs and detectable diethylphosphate had higher triglyceride than those without detectable levels, while minimal differences between diethylphosphate detection statuses were observed at lower BMIs (interaction: P = 0.02). Thus, cardiometabolic health outcome differs depending on the specific OP metabolite being examined, with higher BMIs amplifying health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Ranjbar
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3
| | - Michael A. Rotondi
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3
| | - Chris I. Ardern
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3
| | - Jennifer L. Kuk
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3
- *Jennifer L. Kuk:
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Bahadar H, Mostafalou S, Abdollahi M. Growing burden of diabetes in Pakistan and the possible role of arsenic and pesticides. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2014; 13:117. [PMID: 25530951 PMCID: PMC4271443 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-014-0117-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This review is undertaken to address the possible role of arsenic and pesticides in the prevalence of diabetes in Pakistan and to highlight a resourceful targeted research in this area. A bibliographic search of scientific databases was conducted with key words of “epidemics of diabetes in Pakistan”, “diabetes in Asia”, “diabetes mellitus and environmental pollutants”, “diabetes mellitus and heavy metals”, “diabetes mellitus and pesticides”, “prevalence of pesticides in Pakistan”, and “heavy metals contamination of drinking water, “vegetables and fruits in Pakistan”. More than 200 articles were examined. Studies reporting the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), pesticides and heavy metal contamination of drinking water, fruits and vegetables were included in the study. According to WHO 2011 report, about 12.9 million people are suffering from DM and the number is constantly increasing. Water pollution is a major public health threat in Pakistan. Most of the people in Pakistan are exposed to arsenic and pesticides either in drinking water or through vegetables, fruits, and other edible items with various concentrations above the WHO/FAO permissible limits. Being an agricultural country, a 1169% increase has been recorded with the use of different types of pesticides since last two decades, and almost similar rise in the burden of diabetes. There is a growing global concern of arsenic and pesticides exposure with the incidence of DM. Besides other factors, the environmental attributors in the incidence of DM in Pakistan have not been conclusively elucidated yet which in turn deserve a resourceful targeted research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haji Bahadar
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardebil University of Medical Sciences, Ardebil, Iran
| | - Sara Mostafalou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardebil University of Medical Sciences, Ardebil, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lasram MM, Bouzid K, Douib IB, Annabi A, El Elj N, El Fazaa S, Abdelmoula J, Gharbi N. Lipid metabolism disturbances contribute to insulin resistance and decrease insulin sensitivity by malathion exposure in Wistar rat. Drug Chem Toxicol 2014; 38:227-34. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2014.933348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Tuzcu K, Alp H, Ozgur T, Karcioglu M, Davarci I, Evliyaoglu O, Karakus A, Hakimoglu S. Oral intralipid emulsion use: a novel therapeutic approach to pancreatic β-cell injury caused by malathion toxicity in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2013; 37:261-7. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2013.838780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Abstract
It is no exaggeration to claim that the 'diabetes epidemic' has become a 'runaway train' causing huge health and economic consequences, especially in the developing nations. Traditionally, the risk factors for diabetes have largely focused on genetics and lifestyle. Great emphasis is placed on lifestyle measures and finding novel pharmacological treatment options to combat diabetes, but there is increasing evidence linking environmental pollutants, especially pesticides, to the development of insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. Pesticide use has increased dramatically worldwide and the effects of pesticides on glucose metabolism are too significant for a possible diabetogenic link to be dismissed. The aim of this review article was to assess the links between pesticides and human diabetes with the goal of stimulating further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Swaminathan
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Apollo Speciality Hospital, Madurai, India
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48
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Mostafalou S, Abdollahi M. Pesticides and human chronic diseases: evidences, mechanisms, and perspectives. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 268:157-77. [PMID: 23402800 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 601] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Along with the wide use of pesticides in the world, the concerns over their health impacts are rapidly growing. There is a huge body of evidence on the relation between exposure to pesticides and elevated rate of chronic diseases such as different types of cancers, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson, Alzheimer, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), birth defects, and reproductive disorders. There is also circumstantial evidence on the association of exposure to pesticides with some other chronic diseases like respiratory problems, particularly asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease such as atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease, chronic nephropathies, autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematous and rheumatoid arthritis, chronic fatigue syndrome, and aging. The common feature of chronic disorders is a disturbance in cellular homeostasis, which can be induced via pesticides' primary action like perturbation of ion channels, enzymes, receptors, etc., or can as well be mediated via pathways other than the main mechanism. In this review, we present the highlighted evidence on the association of pesticide's exposure with the incidence of chronic diseases and introduce genetic damages, epigenetic modifications, endocrine disruption, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response (UPR), impairment of ubiquitin proteasome system, and defective autophagy as the effective mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mostafalou
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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N’Go PK, Azzaoui FZ, Ahami AOT, Soro PR, Najimi M, Chigr F. Developmental effects of Malathion exposure on locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior in Wistar rat. Health (London) 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2013.53a080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Malathion exposure and insulin resistance among a group of farmers in Al-Sharkia governorate. Clin Biochem 2012; 45:1591-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.07.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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