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Abu-Nejem R, Hannon TS. Insulin Dynamics and Pathophysiology in Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:2411-2421. [PMID: 38963882 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Youth-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing around the globe. The mounting disease burden of youth-onset T2D portends substantial consequences for the health outcomes of young people and for health care systems. The pathophysiology of this condition is characterized by insulin resistance and initial insulin hypersecretion ± an inherent insulin secretory defect, with progressive loss of stimulated insulin secretion leading to pancreatic β-cell failure. Research studies focusing on youth-onset T2D have illuminated key differences for youth- vs adult-onset T2D, with youth having more profound insulin resistance and quicker progression to loss of sufficient insulin secretion to maintain euglycemia. There is a need for therapies that are targeted to improve both insulin resistance and, importantly, maintain sufficient insulin secretory function over the lifespan in youth-onset T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozan Abu-Nejem
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and Pediatric Health Services Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Tamara S Hannon
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and Pediatric Health Services Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Dong K, Wang S, Qu C, Zheng K, Sun P. Schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1395771. [PMID: 39324122 PMCID: PMC11422011 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1395771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia has consistently been a challenge for clinicians. Previous studies indicate that individuals with schizophrenia are highly prone to developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In recent years, a continuous stream of new observational studies has been reported, emphasizing the pressing need for clinicians to gain a more precise understanding of the association between schizophrenia and T2DM. The objective of this meta-analysis is to integrate new observational studies and further explore the potential link between schizophrenia and the risk of T2DM. Methods We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science using medical subject headings (MeSH) and relevant keywords. The risk of bias in cohort studies and case-control studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), while cross-sectional studies were evaluated using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality scale (AHRQ), scoring was based on the content of the original studies. A fixed-effects model was employed if P > 0.1 and I2 ≤ 50%, indicating low heterogeneity. Conversely, a random-effects model was utilized if I2 > 50%, indicating substantial heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's test. Statistical analyses were carried out using Stata statistical software version 14.0. Results This meta-analysis comprised 32 observational studies, involving a total of 2,007,168 patients with schizophrenia and 35,883,980 without schizophrenia, published from 2004 to 2023. The pooled analysis revealed a significant association between a history of schizophrenia and an increased risk of T2DM (Odds Ratio [OR] = 2.15; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.83-2.52; I2 = 98.9%, P < 0.001). Stratified by gender, females with schizophrenia (OR = 2.12; 95% CI: 1.70-2.64; I2 = 90.7%, P < 0.001) had a significantly higher risk of T2DM than males (OR = 1.68; 95% CI: 1.39-2.04; I2 = 91.3%, P < 0.001). Regarding WHO regions, EURO (OR = 2.73; 95% CI: 2.23-3.35; I2 = 97.5%, P < 0.001) exhibited a significantly higher risk of T2DM compared to WPRO (OR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.32-2.23; I2 = 95.2%, P < 0.001) and AMRO (OR = 1.82; 95% CI: 1.40-2.37; I2 = 99.1%, P < 0.001). In terms of follow-up years, the >20 years subgroup (OR = 3.17; 95% CI: 1.24-8.11; I2 = 99.4%, P < 0.001) showed a significantly higher risk of T2DM than the 10-20 years group (OR = 2.26; 95% CI: 1.76-2.90; I2 = 98.6%, P < 0.001) and <10 years group (OR = 1.68; 95% CI: 1.30-2.19; I2 = 95.4%, P < 0.001). Conclusions This meta-analysis indicates a strong association between schizophrenia and an elevated risk of developing diabetes, suggesting that schizophrenia may function as an independent risk factor for T2DM. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42023465826.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Dong
- College of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Chunhui Qu
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Kewei Zheng
- College of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Ping Sun
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, China
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Ullah A, Singla RK, Batool Z, Cao D, Shen B. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are the game-changers in childhood obesity-associated metabolic disorders (diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases). Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024; 25:783-803. [PMID: 38709387 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09884-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a chronic inflammatory epidemic that affects children worldwide. Obesity affects approximately 1 in 5 children worldwide. Obesity in children can worsen weight gain and raise the risk of obesity-related comorbidities like diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It can also negatively impact the quality of life for these children. Obesity disrupts immune system function, influencing cytokine (interleukins) balance and expression levels, adipokines, and innate and adaptive immune cells. The altered expression of immune system mediators, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-17 (IL-17), interleukin-18 (IL-18), transforming growth factor (TGF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and others, caused inflammation, progression, and the development of pediatric obesity and linked illnesses such as diabetes and NAFLD. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-2 (IL-2), have been shown to have anti-diabetes and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) anti-diabetic and pro-NAFLFD properties, and interleukin-10 (IL-10) has been shown to have a dual role in managing diabetes and anti-NAFLD. In light of the substantial increase in childhood obesity-associated disorders such as diabetes and NAFLD and the absence of an effective pharmaceutical intervention to inhibit immune modulation factors, it is critical to consider the alteration of immune system components as a preventive and therapeutic approach. Thus, the current review focuses on the most recent information regarding the influence of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukins) and their molecular mechanisms on pediatric obesity-associated disorders (diabetes and NAFLD). Furthermore, we discussed the current therapeutic clinical trials in childhood obesity-associated diseases, diabetes, and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ullah
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center of West China Hospital and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rajeev K Singla
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center of West China Hospital and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, 144411, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Zahra Batool
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center of West China Hospital and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Cao
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center of West China Hospital and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center of West China Hospital and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Khalafi M, Symonds ME, Faramarzi M, Sharifmoradi K, Maleki AH, Rosenkranz SK. The effects of exercise training on inflammatory markers in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiol Behav 2024; 278:114524. [PMID: 38521236 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Exercise training is effective for improving cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents, but less is known about its impact on inflammatory markers. We therefore, undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the role of exercise training on pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in children and adolescents. METHOD A comprehensive search was conducted in three electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, from inception to December 2023 to identify exercise trials with and without control groups, involving participants with mean ages ranging from ≥ 6 to < 18 years, of age with measurements of at least one of the following pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, or CRP. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95 % confidence interval (ICs) were calculated using random effects models. RESULTS Thirty-eight studies involving 2043 children and adolescents were included. The results show that exercise training resulted in significant reductions in IL-6 [SMD: -0.44; 95 % CI: -0.68, -0.21; P = 0.001] and CRP [SMD: -0.28; 95 % CI: -0.41, -0.16; P = 0.001], but not TNF-α [SMD: -0.15; 95 % CI: -0.38, -0.07; P = 0.19]. Subgroup analyses showed that IL-6 and CRP were reduced with aerobic training in adolescents, as was CRP with high-intensity interval training. CONCLUSION These results provide evidence that exercise training is effective for reducing IL-6 and CRP in adolescents, but not in children, and any benefits may be modulated by the type of exercise performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Michael E Symonds
- Centre for Perinatal Research, Academic Unit of Population and Lifespan Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Marzieh Faramarzi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Kayvan Sharifmoradi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Aref Habibi Maleki
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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Stein D, Ovadia D, Katz S, Brar PC. Association of hepatokines with markers of endothelial dysfunction and vascular reactivity in obese adolescents. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2024; 37:309-316. [PMID: 38404032 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity-induced insulin resistance (IR) is known to influence hepatic cytokines (hepatokines), including fibroblast growth factor (FGF-21), fetuin-A, and chemerin. This study aimed to investigate the association between hepatokines and markers of endothelial dysfunction and vascular reactivity in obese adolescents. METHODS A total of 45 obese adolescents were categorized into three groups based on glucose tolerance: normal glucose tolerance (NGT), prediabetes (PD), and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We examined the relationships between FGF-21, fetuin-A, and chemerin with endothelial markers (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 [PAI-1], intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-1], and vascular cell adhesion marker-1 [VCAM-1]) and vascular surrogates (brachial artery reactivity testing [BART] and peak reactive hyperemia [PRH]). RESULTS Obese adolescents (age 16.2±1.2 years; 62 % female, 65 % Hispanic) with NGT (n=20), PD (n=14), and T2D (n=11) had significant differences between groups in BMI; waist-hip ratio (p=0.05), systolic BP (p=0.008), LDL-C (p=0.02), PAI-1 (p<0.001). FGF-21 pg/mL (mean±SD: NGT vs. PD vs. T2D 54±42; 266±286; 160±126 p=0.006) and fetuin-A ng/mL (266±80; 253±66; 313±50 p=0.018), were significantly different while chemerin ng/mL (26±5; 31±10; 28±2) did not significantly differ between the groups. Positive correlations were found between chemerin and both PAI-1 (r=0.6; p=0.05) and ICAM-1 (r=0.6; p=0.05), FGF-21 and PAI-1 (r=0.6; p<0.001), and fetuin-A with TNFα (r=-0.4; p=0.05). Negative correlations were found between chemerin and PRH (r= -0.5; p=0.017) and fetuin-A and PRH (r=-0.4; p=0.05). CONCLUSIONS In our cohort, IR predicted higher FGF-21 levels suggesting a linear relationship may exist between the two parameters. Hepatokines can augment alterations in the microvascular milieu in obese adolescents as demonstrated by their associations with the markers PAI-1, ICAM-1, and PRH.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Stein
- Faculty of Medicine, 26745 Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Stuart Katz
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine Department, 5894 NYU Langone Health , New York, NY, USA
| | - Preneet Cheema Brar
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, 5894 New York University Grossman School of Medicine , New York, NY, USA
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Park S, Shimokawa I. Influence of Adipokines on Metabolic Dysfunction and Aging. Biomedicines 2024; 12:873. [PMID: 38672227 PMCID: PMC11048512 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, 30% of the global population is overweight or obese, with projections from the World Obesity Federation suggesting that this figure will surpass 50% by 2035. Adipose tissue dysfunction, a primary characteristic of obesity, is closely associated with an increased risk of metabolic abnormalities, such as hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia, collectively termed metabolic syndrome. In particular, visceral fat accretion is considered as a hallmark of aging and is strongly linked to higher mortality rates in humans. Adipokines, bioactive peptides secreted by adipose tissue, play crucial roles in regulating appetite, satiety, adiposity, and metabolic balance, thereby rendering them key players in alleviating metabolic diseases and potentially extending health span. In this review, we elucidated the role of adipokines in the development of obesity and related metabolic disorders while also exploring the potential of certain adipokines as candidates for longevity interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongjoon Park
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan;
| | - Isao Shimokawa
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan;
- SAGL, Limited Liability Company, 1-4-34, Kusagae, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka 810-0045, Japan
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Arruda AL, Khandaker GM, Morris AP, Smith GD, Huckins LM, Zeggini E. Genomic insights into the comorbidity between type 2 diabetes and schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 10:22. [PMID: 38383672 PMCID: PMC10881980 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-024-00445-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Multimorbidity represents an increasingly important public health challenge with far-reaching implications for health management and policy. Mental health and metabolic diseases have a well-established epidemiological association. In this study, we investigate the genetic intersection between type 2 diabetes and schizophrenia. We use Mendelian randomization to examine potential causal relationships between the two conditions and related endophenotypes. We report no compelling evidence that type 2 diabetes genetic liability potentially causally influences schizophrenia risk and vice versa. Our findings show that increased body mass index (BMI) has a protective effect against schizophrenia, in contrast to the well-known risk-increasing effect of BMI on type 2 diabetes risk. We identify evidence of colocalization of association signals for these two conditions at 11 genomic loci, six of which have opposing directions of effect for type 2 diabetes and schizophrenia. To elucidate these colocalizing signals, we integrate multi-omics data from bulk and single-cell gene expression studies, along with functional information. We identify putative effector genes and find that they are enriched for homeostasis and lipid-related pathways. We also highlight drug repurposing opportunities including N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists. Our findings provide insights into shared biological mechanisms for type 2 diabetes and schizophrenia, highlighting common factors that influence the risk of the two conditions in opposite directions and shedding light on the complex nature of this comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza Arruda
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- Munich School for Data Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- Technical University of Munich (TUM), TUM School of Medicine and Health, Graduate School of Experimental Medicine, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Golam M Khandaker
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
- Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Laura M Huckins
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.
- TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, 81675, Germany.
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Aleman MN, Luciardi MC, Albornoz ER, Bazán MC, Abregú AV. Relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and insulin resistance in excess-weight Latin children. Clin Exp Pediatr 2024; 67:37-45. [PMID: 38129100 PMCID: PMC10764670 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2022.01382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess weight, inflammation, and insulin resistance (IR) are associated, but the prevalence of and biomarkers for IR in Latin children are unknown. PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the prevalence of IR in prepubertal and pubertal Latin children with excess weight and explore the usefulness of different biomarkers of low-grade inflammation for identifying IR status. METHODS Sixty-eight children (31 boys, 37 girls; approximately 11 years of age) with excess weight (overweight and obese) and 20 healthy normal-weight children (12 boys, 8 girls; approximately 12 years of age) were included. Anthropometric parameters, insulin, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, platelet/lymphocyte ratio, tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and myeloperoxidase were assessed and IR was determined by homeostasis model assessment index (cutoff points: 2.67 and 2.22 in prepubertal boys and girls and 5.55 and 3.82 in pubertal boys and girls, respectively). Intergroup differences were compared, correlations were investigated using Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple linear regression analyses were performed to estimate the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and IR. RESULTS The prevalence of IR among overweight children was 62%. IL-6 levels differed between overweight and obese boys, while erythrocyte sedimentation rate, MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-6, hs-CRP, and sCD40L differed between obese and normal-weight boys. In contrast, sCD40L levels were increased in overweight versus normal-weight girls, while MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-6, and sCD40L differed between obese and normal-weight girls. Furthermore, MCP-1 and sCD40L levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were positively correlated with IR; however, a stepwise regression analysis that adjusted for the body mass index (BMI) z score, sex, and age showed that none were good predictors of IR status. CONCLUSION The prevalence of IR is high among Latin children with excess weight. Although some inflammatory biomarkers differed among groups, none robustly predicted IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Nicolás Aleman
- Departamento de Bioquímica Aplicada, Facultad de Bioquímica, Químicay Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Constanza Luciardi
- Departamento de Bioquímica Aplicada, Facultad de Bioquímica, Químicay Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Emilce Romina Albornoz
- Departamento de Bioquímica Aplicada, Facultad de Bioquímica, Químicay Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Cristina Bazán
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Hospital del Niño Jesús de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Adela Victoria Abregú
- Departamento de Bioquímica Aplicada, Facultad de Bioquímica, Químicay Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
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Arruda AL, Khandaker GM, Morris AP, Smith GD, Huckins LM, Zeggini E. Genomic insights into the comorbidity between type 2 diabetes and schizophrenia. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.10.16.23297073. [PMID: 37905000 PMCID: PMC10615007 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.16.23297073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Multimorbidity represents an increasingly important public health challenge with far-reaching implications for health management and policy. Mental health and metabolic diseases have a well-established epidemiological association. In this study, we investigate the genetic intersection between type 2 diabetes and schizophrenia. We use Mendelian randomization to examine potential causal relationships between the two conditions and related endophenotypes. We report no compelling evidence that type 2 diabetes genetic liability potentially causally influences schizophrenia risk and vice versa. Our findings show that increased body mass index (BMI) has a protective effect against schizophrenia, in contrast to the well-known risk-increasing effect of BMI on type 2 diabetes risk. We identify evidence of colocalization of association signals for these two conditions at 11 genomic loci, six of which have opposing directions of effect for type 2 diabetes and schizophrenia. To elucidate these colocalizing signals, we integrate multi-omics data from bulk and single-cell gene expression studies, along with functional information. We identify high-confidence effector genes and find that they are enriched for homeostasis and lipid-related pathways. We also highlight drug repurposing opportunities including N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists. Our findings provide insights into shared biological mechanisms for type 2 diabetes and schizophrenia, highlighting common factors that influence the risk of the two conditions in opposite directions and shedding light on the complex nature of this comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza Arruda
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- Munich School for Data Science, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, Graduate School of Experimental Medicine, Munich, 81675, Germ
| | - Golam M. Khandaker
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
- Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew P. Morris
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Laura M. Huckins
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- TUM school of medicine, Technical University Munich and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, 81675, Germany
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Wang Y, Ni Z, Li J, Shao Y, Yong Y, Lv W, Zhang S, Fu T, Chen A. Cordyceps cicadae polysaccharides alleviate hyperglycemia by regulating gut microbiota and its mmetabolites in high-fat diet/streptozocin-induced diabetic mice. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1203430. [PMID: 37599693 PMCID: PMC10434777 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1203430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The polysaccharides found in Cordyceps cicadae (C. cicadae) have received increasing academic attention owing to their wide variety of therapeutic activities. Methods This study evaluated the hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of polysaccharides from C. cicadae (CH-P). In addition, 16s rDNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were used to estimate the changes and regulatory relationships between gut microbiota and its metabolites. The fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was used to verify the therapeutic effects of microbial remodeling. Results The results showed that CH-P treatment displayed hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects and alleviated tissue damage induced by diabetes. The CH-P treatment significantly reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and increased the abundance of Bacteroides, Odoribacter, Alloprevotella, Parabacteroides, Mucispirillum, and significantly decreased the abundance of Helicobacter and Lactobacillus compared to the diabetic group. The alterations in the metabolic pathways were mostly related to amino acid biosynthesis and metabolic pathways (particularly those involving tryptophan) according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Correlation analysis showed that Bacteroides, Odoribacter, Alloprevotella, Parabacteroides, and Mucispirillum were positively correlated with indole and its derivatives, such as 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid. Indole intervention significantly improved hyperglycemic symptoms and insulin sensitivity, and increased the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in diabetic mice. FMT reduced blood glucose levels, improved glucose tolerance, and increased insulin sensitivity in diabetic mice. However, FMT did not significantly improve GLP-1 levels. Discussion This indicates that C. cicadae polysaccharides alleviate hyperglycemia by regulating the production of metabolites other than indole and its derivatives by gut microbiota. This study provides an important reference for the development of novel natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anhui Chen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Serbis A, Giapros V, Tsamis K, Balomenou F, Galli-Tsinopoulou A, Siomou E. Beta Cell Dysfunction in Youth- and Adult-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: An Extensive Narrative Review with a Special Focus on the Role of Nutrients. Nutrients 2023; 15:2217. [PMID: 37432389 PMCID: PMC10180650 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally a disease of adults, type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been increasingly diagnosed in youth, particularly among adolescents and young adults of minority ethnic groups. Especially, during the recent COVID-19 pandemic, obesity and prediabetes have surged not only in minority ethnic groups but also in the general population, further raising T2D risk. Regarding its pathogenesis, a gradually increasing insulin resistance due to central adiposity combined with a progressively defective β-cell function are the main culprits. Especially in youth-onset T2D, a rapid β-cell activity decline has been observed, leading to higher treatment failure rates, and early complications. In addition, it is well established that both the quantity and quality of food ingested by individuals play a key role in T2D pathogenesis. A chronic imbalance between caloric intake and expenditure together with impaired micronutrient intake can lead to obesity and insulin resistance on one hand, and β-cell failure and defective insulin production on the other. This review summarizes our evolving understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in defective insulin secretion by the pancreatic islets in youth- and adult-onset T2D and, further, of the role various micronutrients play in these pathomechanisms. This knowledge is essential if we are to curtail the serious long-term complications of T2D both in pediatric and adult populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Serbis
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, St. Niarhcos Avenue, 45500 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Vasileios Giapros
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, St. Νiarhcos Avenue, 45500 Ioannina, Greece (F.B.)
| | - Konstantinos Tsamis
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, St. Niarhcos Avenue, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Foteini Balomenou
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, St. Νiarhcos Avenue, 45500 Ioannina, Greece (F.B.)
| | - Assimina Galli-Tsinopoulou
- Second Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Stilponos Kyriakidi 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Ekaterini Siomou
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, St. Niarhcos Avenue, 45500 Ioannina, Greece;
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da Silva Tonetto L, da Silva CCF, Gonzatti N, Guex CG, Hartmann DD, Boschi ES, Lago PD, Trevisan ME, de Freitas Bauermann L, Jaenisch RB. Effects of photobiomodulation on oxidative stress in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:90. [PMID: 36947266 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03745-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate photobiomodulation effects on oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Thirty-one male Wistar rats were used and divided into 4 groups: group 1 - animals without diabetes mellitus 2 without laser 21 J/cm2 (C-SHAM), group 2 - animals with diabetes mellitus 2 without laser 21 J/cm2 (C-DM2), group 3 - animals without diabetes mellitus 2 with laser 21 J/cm2 (L-SHAM), group 4 - animals with diabetes mellitus 2 with laser 21 J/cm2 (L-DM2). The protocol was performed 5 days/week, for 6 weeks. The animals that received photobiomodulation had one dose irradiated at two spots in the right gastrocnemius muscle. Twenty-four hours after the last intervention, the animals were euthanized. Heart, diaphragm, liver, right gastrocnemius, plasma, kidneys, weighed, and stored for further analysis. In rats with DM2, photobiomodulation promoted a decrease in thiobarbituric acid reactive substance assay (TBARS) in plasma levels. On the other hand, photobiomodulation demonstrated an increase in non-protein thiol levels (NPSH) in the heart, diaphragm and gastrocnemius. Moreover, photobiomodulation produced in the heart, diaphragm and plasma levels led to an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD). Interestingly, photobiomodulation was able to increase superoxide dismutase in rats without DM2 in the heart, diaphragm, gastrocnemius and kidneys. These findings suggested that 6 weeks of photobiomodulation in rats with DM2 promoted beneficial adaptations in oxidative stress, with a decrease in parameters of oxidant activity and an increase in antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa da Silva Tonetto
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Postgraduate Program in Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Carlos Cassiano Figueiró da Silva
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Postgraduate Program in Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Nubia Gonzatti
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Postgraduate Program in Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Camille Gaube Guex
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Diane Duarte Hartmann
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Emerson Soldateli Boschi
- Department of Physiotherapy, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro Dal Lago
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Elaine Trevisan
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Postgraduate Program in Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Boemo Jaenisch
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Postgraduate Program in Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
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13
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Bae EJ, Park BH. Multiple Roles of Sirtuin 6 in Adipose Tissue Inflammation. Diabetes Metab J 2023; 47:164-172. [PMID: 36631993 PMCID: PMC10040615 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) inflammation is strongly associated with obesity-induced insulin resistance. When subjected to metabolic stress, adipocytes become inflamed and secrete a plethora of cytokines and chemokines, which recruit circulating immune cells to AT. Although sirtuin 6 (Sirt6) is known to control genomic stabilization, aging, and cellular metabolism, it is now understood to also play a pivotal role in the regulation of AT inflammation. Sirt6 protein levels are reduced in the AT of obese humans and animals and increased by weight loss. In this review, we summarize the potential mechanism of AT inflammation caused by impaired action of Sirt6 from the immune cells' point of view. We first describe the properties and functions of immune cells in obese AT, with an emphasis on discrete macrophage subpopulations which are central to AT inflammation. We then highlight data that links Sirt6 to functional phenotypes of AT inflammation. Importantly, we discuss in detail the effects of Sirt6 deficiency in adipocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils on insulin resistance or AT browning. In our closing perspectives, we discuss emerging issues in this field that require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Bae
- School of Pharmacy, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
- Corresponding authors: Eun Ju Bae https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1693-8290 School of Pharmacy, Chonbuk National University, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54907, Korea E-mail:
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Byung-Hyun Park https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3768-4285 Department of Biochemistry and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54907, Korea E-mail:
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14
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Weihrauch-Blüher S, Wiegand S, Weihe P, Prinz N, Weghuber D, Leipold G, Dannemann A, Bergjohann L, Reinehr T, Holl RW. Uric acid and gamma-glutamyl-transferase in children and adolescents with obesity: Association to anthropometric measures and cardiometabolic risk markers depending on pubertal stage, sex, degree of weight loss and type of patient care: Evaluation of the adiposity patient follow-up registry. Pediatr Obes 2023; 18:e12989. [PMID: 36336465 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Associations between body mass index (BMI)- standard deviation score (SDS)/waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were studied with (i) serum uric acid (sUA)/gamma-glutamyl-transferase (GGT) and (ii) cardiometabolic risk markers in children with obesity, considering sex, pubertal development, and degree of weight loss/type of patient care. METHODS 102 936 children from the Adiposity-Follow-up registry (APV; 47% boys) were included. Associations were analysed between sUA/GGT and anthropometrics, transaminases, lipids, fasting insulin (FI), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol (TG/HDL)-ratio. Follow-up analyses (3-24 months after baseline) considered a BMI-SDS reduction ≥0.2 (n = 11 096) or ≥0.5 (n = 3728). Partialized correlation analyses for sex and BMI-SDS were performed, taking pubertal development into consideration. RESULTS At baseline, BMI-SDS showed the strongest correlations to sUA (r = 0.35; n = 26 529), HOMA-IR/FI (r = 0.30; n = 5513 /n = 5880), TG/HDL-ratio (r = 0.23; n = 24 501), and WHtR to sUA (r = 0.32; n = 10 805), GGT (r = 0.34; n = 11 862) and Alanine-aminotransferase (ALAT) (r = 0.33; n = 11 821), with stronger correlations in boys (WHtR and GGT: r = 0.36, n = 5793) and prepubertal children (r = 0.36; n = 2216). GGT and sUA (after partializing effects of age, sex, BMI-SDS) showed a correlation to TG/HDL-ratio (r = 0.27; n = 24 501). Following a BMI-SDS reduction ≥0.2 or ≥0.5, GGT was most strongly related to Aspartate-aminotransferase (ASAT)/ ALAT, most evident in prepuberty and with increasing weight loss, and also to TG/HDL-ratio (r = 0.22; n = 1528). Prepubertal children showed strongest correlations between BMI-SDS/WHtR and GGT. ΔBMI-SDS was strongly correlated to ΔsUA (r = 0.30; n = 4160) and ΔGGT (r = 0.28; n = 3562), and ΔWHtR to ΔGGT (r = 0.28; n = 3562) (all p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Abdominal obesity may trigger hyperuricemia and hepatic involvement already in prepuberty. This may be stronger in infancy than anticipated to date. Even moderate weight loss has favourable effects on cardiometabolic risk profile and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Weihrauch-Blüher
- Clinic for Pediatrics I, Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle, Germany
| | - Susanna Wiegand
- Center for Social-Pediatric Care/Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Weihe
- Clinic for Pediatrics I, Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle, Germany
| | - Nicole Prinz
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Department of Paediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Almut Dannemann
- SANA Hospital Lichtenberg, Center for Social-Pediatric Care, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lara Bergjohann
- Clinic for Pediatrics I, Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle, Germany
| | - Thomas Reinehr
- Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents Datteln, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany
| | - Reinhard W Holl
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
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15
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Wang J, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Liu J, Gong L, Zhang X, Liao H. TNF-α and IL-1β Promote Renal Podocyte Injury in T2DM Rats by Decreasing Glomerular VEGF/eNOS Expression Levels and Altering Hemodynamic Parameters. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:6657-6673. [PMID: 36532651 PMCID: PMC9748123 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s391473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious microvascular complication in those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Evidence confirms that serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the T2DM stage are proposed as prognostic markers for DN development, but it is unclear how they affect renal podocyte-associated nephrin and WT-1 expression. In the presence of podocyte injury, glomerular vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and hemodynamic parameters are dysregulated. The current research aimed to clarify the relationship of TNF-α and IL-1β with podocyte injury by altering VEGF/eNOS expression and hemodynamic parameters. METHODS A high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced DN rat model was established. Serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels were tracked in the pre-T2DM, T2DM and DN stages. In the DN stage, the mRNA and protein expression levels of renal TNF-α, IL-1β, VEGF, eNOS, nephrin and WT-1 were studied. Renal hemodynamic parameters, including peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic flow velocity and mean velocity were measured with a color Doppler ultrasound technique. RESULTS Compared to those in the normal control (CTL) group, serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels increased significantly in the pre-T2DM stage (obesity, insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia), T2DM stage (hyperglycemia) and DN stage (abnormal renal functions) (all: P < 0.05) in the DN group. Serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels in the T2DM stage were significantly higher than those in the pre-T2DM stage (two: P < 0.05). Compared to the CTL group, renal nephrin, WT-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, eNOS and VEGF expression and hemodynamic parameters in the DN stage all showed significant differences separately (all: P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Increased serum and renal TNF-α and IL-1β levels played important roles in reducing renal nephrin and WT-1 expression levels, which may be related to the fact that the former affected renal VEGF/eNOS expression and blood flow parameters in the DN rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jufang Wang
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital), Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yating Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital), Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Le Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital), Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital), Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Zhang KP, Buxton M, Rodríguez-Carmona Y, Peterson KE, Liu Y, Burgess HJ, Cantoral A, Tellez-Rojo MM, Torres-Olascoaga LA, Arboleda-Merino L, Jansen EC. Duration, timing, and consistency of sleep in relation to inflammatory cytokines in Mexican adolescents. Sleep Med 2022; 100:103-111. [PMID: 36041378 PMCID: PMC9997045 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether sleep duration, timing, and variability were associated with inflammatory cytokines in a cohort of Mexico City adolescents. METHODS The analytic sample comprised >500 adolescents who were part of an ongoing longitudinal study in Mexico City. At two time points during mid-to-late puberty (average age 14, n = 391) and late-to-post puberty (average age 16, n = 345), adolescents completed a follow-up visit that included 7-day wrist actigraphy and clinical assessment of plasma inflammatory cytokines (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, Interleukin 1β, Interleukin 6, and Tumor Necrosis Factor ɑ). Sleep characteristics included weekday and weekend sleep duration and midpoint (median of bed and wake time), as well as sleep variability (SD of sleep duration across 7 days) and social jetlag (midpoint difference from weekdays to weekends). At each time point, multivariable linear regression models were run with log inflammatory levels as the outcome and categories of sleep characteristics as predictors, while adjusting for potential confounders (specific to each model). Analyses were run unstratified and sex-stratified. RESULTS In the mid-to-late pubertal visit, weekday sleep duration was inversely associated with natural log hs-CRP after adjustment (Q4 vs Q1: β = -0.41, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) -0.81 to -0.01) and later sleep midpoint was positively associated with log hs-CRP (Q4 vs Q1: β = 0.55, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.97). Sleep duration variability was associated with higher IL-1β among boys, while in girls social jetlag was associated with higher IL-1β and weekend sleep duration was inversely associated with IL-6. At the late-to-post pubertal visit, there were few associations except for a positive association between weekday sleep duration and hs-CRP among boys (β = 0.60, 95% CI 0.04 to 1.16) and a non-linear positive association between social jetlag and hs-CRP among girls (β = 0.80, 95% CI 0.22 to 1.37 comparing 2 to 3 h of social jetlag vs <1 h). CONCLUSION Later timing, shorter duration, and inconsistency of sleep were related to higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers, but associations were more evident at the mid-to-late pubertal visit than the late-to-post pubertal visit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Pengyuan Zhang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Miatta Buxton
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yanelli Rodríguez-Carmona
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Helen J Burgess
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Martha María Tellez-Rojo
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Libni A Torres-Olascoaga
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Laura Arboleda-Merino
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erica C Jansen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Sleep Disorders Center and Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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17
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Duan L, Qian X, Wang Q, Huang L, Ge S. Experimental Periodontitis Deteriorates Cognitive Function and Impairs Insulin Signaling in a Streptozotocin-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease Rat Model. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:57-74. [PMID: 35527550 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: With advancements in periodontal medicine, the relationship between periodontitis and systemic diseases has garnered increasing attention. Recently, emerging evidence has indicated that periodontitis may be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: To assess the impact of experimental periodontitis on cognitive function deficits in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced AD and determine the mechanisms underlying these effects. Methods: Rats were randomly assigned to the control (C), experimental periodontitis (P), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and experimental periodontitis with streptozotocin-induced AD (AD-P) groups. Experimental periodontitis was induced using ligation and coating with Porphyromonas gingivalis. In the AD-P group, AD was induced by intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin after 6 weeks of experimental periodontitis induction. Results: Compared with the group C rats, those in group P exhibited alveolar bone resorption, learning and memory function impairment, and decreased insulin sensitivity and insulin signaling-related protein expression. Glial cell activation and cognitive impairment in streptozotocin-induced groups with significantly increased phosphorylated tau levels were more pronounced relative to the C group. The number of neurons and insulin sensitivity and insulin signaling-related protein expression in group AD-P rats were lower than those in the AD alone group, while the expressions of glial fibrillary acidic protein, tau phosphorylation, interleukin-6, and cyclooxygenase-2 were significantly increased. Conclusion: Periodontitis may be a risk factor exacerbating cognitive deficits in an AD-like neurodegenerative context, possibly by impairing the insulin signaling pathway and stimulating gliosis and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Duan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xueshen Qian
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Song Ge
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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18
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Na J, Chen H, An H, Ren M, Jia X, Wang B, Li Z, Liu X, Ye R, Li N. Passive Smoking and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus among Nonsmoking Women: A Prospective Cohort Study in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084712. [PMID: 35457582 PMCID: PMC9031528 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Increasing evidence has shown that active smoking can increase the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but the effect of passive smoking is still unknown. Women in pregnancy are vulnerable to secondhand smoke. This study explored the association of passive smoking with GDM in China. Method: A total of 3083 nonsmoking pregnant women living in Beijing were recruited into a prospective cohort study. Sociodemographic and passive smoking data were collected with structured questionnaires during face-to-face interviews. Glucose levels were measured by physicians according to standard protocols. Multivariate logistic regression was performed for the association estimation after accounting for potential confounders. Result: In total, 562 of the 3083 participants developed GDM (18.23%); 779 participants (25.27%) reported exposure to passive smoking. After adjusting for age, BMI, ethnicity, education, occupation, and parity, passive smoking conferred an approximately 1.4-fold risk increase in GDM (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.37, 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.11, 1.70)). The adjusted ORs with 95% CIs for passive smoking levels of <1, 1−6, and ≥7 times per week were 1.21 (0.94, 1.55), 1.81 (1.22, 2.69), and 1.70 (1.02, 2.84), respectively. An obvious passive-smoking−GDM association was observed among only nulliparous women (adjusted OR = 1.45, 95% CI: (1.14, 1.85)). Conclusion: Frequent exposure to secondhand smoke could increase the risk of GDM among nonsmoking pregnant women. Parity status might modify their association. Public policies should be advocated to prevent passive smoking among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigen Na
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.N.); (H.C.); (H.A.); (M.R.); (X.J.); (B.W.); (R.Y.); (N.L.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huiting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.N.); (H.C.); (H.A.); (M.R.); (X.J.); (B.W.); (R.Y.); (N.L.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hang An
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.N.); (H.C.); (H.A.); (M.R.); (X.J.); (B.W.); (R.Y.); (N.L.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mengyuan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.N.); (H.C.); (H.A.); (M.R.); (X.J.); (B.W.); (R.Y.); (N.L.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoqian Jia
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.N.); (H.C.); (H.A.); (M.R.); (X.J.); (B.W.); (R.Y.); (N.L.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.N.); (H.C.); (H.A.); (M.R.); (X.J.); (B.W.); (R.Y.); (N.L.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.N.); (H.C.); (H.A.); (M.R.); (X.J.); (B.W.); (R.Y.); (N.L.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Beijing Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Beijing 100080, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Rongwei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.N.); (H.C.); (H.A.); (M.R.); (X.J.); (B.W.); (R.Y.); (N.L.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.N.); (H.C.); (H.A.); (M.R.); (X.J.); (B.W.); (R.Y.); (N.L.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Ma X, Okyere SK, Hu L, Wen J, Ren Z, Deng J, Hu Y. Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Mechanism of Cryptochlorogenic Acid from Ageratina adenophora. Nutrients 2022; 14:439. [PMID: 35276797 PMCID: PMC8839916 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageratina adenophora is an invasive plant known for its toxicity to livestock. Current research on this plant has shifted from toxicity prevention to the beneficial utilization of plant resources. This study was performed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of cryptochlorogenic acid (CCGA) isolated from Ageratina adenophora on the inflammatory responses induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW264.7 cells. RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with CCGA (200, 100, and 50 μg/mL) and subsequently stimulated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 16 h. The cytotoxicity of CCGA was tested using the Cell Counting Kit (CCK8). The mechanism of action of CCGA in attenuating inflammation was also identified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot. The results showed that CCGA had a maximal safe concentration of 200 mg/mL. Moreover, CCGA reduced the level of nitric oxide (NO) and iNOS in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells (p < 0.01). In addition, CCGA reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells at both the mRNA and protein levels (p < 0.01). CCGA prevented the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells via the inhibition of IKK and IκB phosphorylation and the degradation of IκB proteins (p < 0.01). This finding indicated that CCGA isolated from A. adenophora may be a potential candidate for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.M.); (S.K.O.); (L.H.); (J.W.); (Z.R.); (J.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Samuel Kumi Okyere
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.M.); (S.K.O.); (L.H.); (J.W.); (Z.R.); (J.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liwen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.M.); (S.K.O.); (L.H.); (J.W.); (Z.R.); (J.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Juan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.M.); (S.K.O.); (L.H.); (J.W.); (Z.R.); (J.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhihua Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.M.); (S.K.O.); (L.H.); (J.W.); (Z.R.); (J.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.M.); (S.K.O.); (L.H.); (J.W.); (Z.R.); (J.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yanchun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.M.); (S.K.O.); (L.H.); (J.W.); (Z.R.); (J.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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20
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Chen X, Tian F, Sun Z, Zeng G, Tang P. Elevation of Circulating miR-210 Participates in the Occurrence and Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:9611509. [PMID: 36465705 PMCID: PMC9711992 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9611509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Circulating miRNAs are acclaimed biomarkers to predict the occurrence and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study is aimed at analyzing the correlation of circulating miR-210 level and obesity-associated T2DM and then investigating the underlying mechanism of circulating miR-210 in T2DM. METHODS Totally, 137 serum samples from patients with T2DM were collected; meanwhile, the demographic, general, and clinical hematological characteristics, disease history, and dietary patterns were recorded. The miR-210 level in exosomes from serum was detected by qRT-PCR. Then, the correlations of BMI or miR-210 level with patients' clinical characteristics were analyzed. Furthermore, the miR-210 level was detected in T2DM related various cells under high glucose condition. Meanwhile, the expression of carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) was measured by western blotting. RESULTS The miR-210 level in exosomes from serum was obviously elevated in the BMI > 24 group compared with the BMI ≤ 24 group. Higher BMI was correlated with abnormal lipid metabolism and impaired liver function as well as higher miR-210 level. Notably, higher miR-210 level was also correlated with abnormal lipid metabolism, disease history, and dietary patterns. In addition, compared with normal cells, high glucose increased the miR-210 level in exosomes from cell culture supernatants as well as cells in HUVEC, VSMC, RAW 264.7, 3 T3-L1, SMC, and Beta-TC-6 cells, while it reduced the expression of ChREBP and HIF-1α. CONCLUSIONS Circulating miR-210 level was closely correlated with obesity-associated T2DM. Furthermore, higher miR-210 level might be implicated in the occurrence and development of T2DM and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of General Practice, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Tian
- Department of Health Care, The Shunde Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhilian Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoqing Zeng
- Department of General Practice, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Tang
- Department of General Practice, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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21
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Ahn MB, Kim SK, Kim SH, Cho WK, Suh JS, Cho KS, Suh BK, Jung MH. Clinical Significance of the Fetuin-A-to-Adiponectin Ratio in Obese Children and Adolescents with Diabetes Mellitus. CHILDREN 2021; 8:children8121155. [PMID: 34943350 PMCID: PMC8699833 DOI: 10.3390/children8121155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fetuin-A and adiponectin are inflammatory cytokines associated with obesity and insulin resistance. This study aimed to examine the fetuin-A-to-adiponectin ratio (FAR) in diabetic children and to determine the role of FAR. A total of 54 children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus (DM) and 44 controls aged 9–16 years were included in this study. Clinical characteristics, including plasma fetuin-A and adiponectin levels, were compared with respect to body mass index (BMI) and diabetes type. Of 98 children, 54.1% were obese, whereas 18.4% were obese and diabetic. FAR was higher in obese children with DM than in non-obese children and also in type 2 DM children than in type 1. FAR showed a stronger association with BMI than with fetuin-A and adiponectin individually, and its association was more prominent in diabetic children than in controls. BMI was a risk factor for increased FAR. Plasma fetuin-A was elevated in obese children, and its association with insulin resistance and β cell function seemed more prominent in diabetic children after adjustment for adiponectin. Thus, FAR could be a useful surrogate for the early detection of childhood metabolic complications in diabetic children, particularly those who are obese.
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Bujtor M. Can dietary intake protect against low-grade inflammation in children and adolescents? Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 18:100369. [PMID: 34825233 PMCID: PMC8604686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In children and adolescents, chronic low-grade inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of co- and multi-morbid conditions to mental health disorders. Diet quality is a potential mechanism of action that can exacerbate or ameliorate low-grade inflammation; however, the exact way dietary intake can regulate the immune response in children and adolescents is still to be fully understood. In this review, I discuss the current observational and interventional evidence that supports a potential therapeutic role for dietary intake in the amelioration of low-grade inflammation and highlight the need to develop a better understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying and attenuating the associations between dietary intake and low-grade inflammation in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bujtor
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience Division of Psychological Medicine Kings College London and Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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23
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Barroga E, Matanguihan GJ. Creating Logical Flow When Writing Scientific Articles. J Korean Med Sci 2021; 36:e275. [PMID: 34664802 PMCID: PMC8524230 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous guidelines on how to write a scientific article have been published. Many books and articles giving detailed instructions on how to develop a research question, perform a literature search, or design a study protocol are widely available. However, there are few guidelines on how to create logical flow when writing a scientific article. Logical flow is the key to achieving a smooth and orderly progression of ideas, sentences, paragraphs, and content towards a convincing conclusion. This article provides guidelines for creating logical flow when writing the text and main sections of a scientific article. The first step is creating a draft outline of the whole article. Once completed, the draft outline is developed into a single, coherent article that logically explains the study. Logical flow in the text is created by using precise and concise words, composing clear sentences, and connecting well-structured paragraphs. The use of transitions connects sentences and paragraphs, ensuring clarity and coherence when presenting academic arguments and conclusions. Logical flow in the main sections of a scientific article is achieved by presenting the whole story of the article sequentially in the introduction, methods, results, and discussion, focusing attention on the most important points in each section, and connecting all of these to the main purpose of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Barroga
- Department of General Education, Graduate School of Nursing Science, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Peng L, Li X, Li Y, Zhao W, Nie S, Yu H, Qi Y, Qin Y, Zhang H. Increased concentrations of myeloperoxidase in serum and serum extracellular vesicles are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 522:70-76. [PMID: 34390687 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory response plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a leukocyte-derived protagonist, exerts its proinflammatory properties in many complications. We explored the associations between serum extracellular vesicle (EV)-derived MPO as well as serum MPO and T2DM. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study in 151 individuals, including 93 patients with T2DM and 58 non-T2DM controls. The concentrations of serum EV-derived MPO and serum MPO were measured by Luminex Assay. RESULTS Our data showed that serum EV-derived MPO concentrations and serum MPO concentrations were significantly higher in T2DM patients compared with non-T2DM subjects. In addition, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that serum EV-derived MPO as well as serum MPO was independently associated with the presence of T2DM even after adjusting for confounding factors (OR = 1.836 /1 ng EV-derived MPO, 95% CI = 1.395-2.417, P < 0.001; OR = 4.135 /10 ng serum MPO, 95% CI = 2.285-7.483, P < 0.001). Furthermore, serum MPO showed marginally higher discriminatory accuracy than serum EV-derived MPO in screening T2DM (AUC = 0.858; AUC = 0.779). CONCLUSION Increased concentrations of the inflammatory marker MPO either in serum or in serum EVs were independently associated with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- Department of Emergency, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Huahui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwen Qin
- Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Huina Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Mohany KM, Al Rugaie O, Al-Wutayd O, Al-Nafeesah A. Investigation of the levels of circulating miR-29a, miR-122, sestrin 2 and inflammatory markers in obese children with/without type 2 diabetes: a case control study. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:152. [PMID: 34344352 PMCID: PMC8330040 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00829-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The present work investigated serum levels of miR-29a, miR-122 and sestrin2 in obese children with/without type-2-diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and their correlations with inflammatory, metabolic and anthropometric parameters. METHODS The study included 298 children, divided into: G1 (control, n = 136), G2 (obese without diabetes, n = 90) and G3 (obese with T2DM, n = 72). Metabolic and anthropometric parameters, miR-29a, miR-122 relative expressions, and sestrin2, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were measured by their specific methods. The data was processed and analyzed by SPSS V.26 using the corresponding tests. After testing the variables' normality, Kruskal-Wallis one-way-ANOVA, Spearman correlations coefficient were used. RESULTS Significant higher serum miR-29a, miR-122, IL-6, hsCRP and TNF-α and lower sestrin2 levels were found in G2 and G3 than G1 and in G3 than G2 (p= > 0.001 for all). Especially in G3, miR-29a and miR-122 levels correlated positively while sestrin2 levels correlated negatively with waist circumference and BMI percentiles, serum levels of LDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, HbA1c%, glucose, insulin, c-peptide, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), IL-6, hsCRP and TNF-α. CONCLUSION The change in the serum miR-29a, miR-122 and sestrin2 levels in obese children with/without T2DM may suggest a possible role of these biomarkers in the pathogenesis of childhood obesity and their accompanied complications e.g. inflammations and T2DM. Also, further studies are required to test drugs that antagonize the action miR-29a and miR-122 or upregulate sestrin2 in the management of these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M Mohany
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Assiut University, P.O. Box, Assiut, 71515, Egypt.
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Osamah Al Rugaie
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Al-Wutayd
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al-Nafeesah
- Department of Pediatrics, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
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Chai WF, Tang KS. Protective potential of cerium oxide nanoparticles in diabetes mellitus. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 66:126742. [PMID: 33773280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable metabolic disease which is closely related to excessive oxidative stress after constant exposure to high plasma glucose. Although the current antidiabetic medications are effective in lowering blood glucose, these medications do not prevent or reverse the disease progression. Thus, there is a crucial need to explore new therapeutic interventions that could address this shortcoming. As cerium oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) possess antioxidant property, this agent may be used as a treatment option for the management of DM. PURPOSE This review aims to provide a critical evaluation of the pharmacological and antidiabetic effects of CONPs in cell and animal models. The roles of CONPs in attenuating DM complications are also presented in this report. METHODS We conducted a literature search in the PubMed database using the keywords "cerium oxide", "cerous oxide", "ceria", "nanoceria", and "diabetes" from inception to December 2020. The inclusion criteria were primary source articles that investigated the role of CONPs in DM and diabetic complications. RESULTS We identified 47 articles from the initial search. After the thorough screening, only 31 articles were included in this study. We found that CONPs can attenuate parameters that are related to DM and diabetic complications in various animals and cell culture models. CONCLUSION CONPs could potentially be used in the treatment of those with DM and complications caused by the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wui Fang Chai
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kim San Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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27
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La Valle A, Crocco M, Chiarenza DS, Maghnie M, d'Annunzio G. Endothelial impairment evaluation by peripheral arterial tonometry in pediatric endocrinopathies: A narrative review. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:810-826. [PMID: 34168730 PMCID: PMC8192248 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i6.810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is characterized by an imbalance between vasodilator and vasoconstriction agents. Several pathological conditions clinically diagnosed in childhood and adolescence are characterized by ED and increased risk for early development of microangiopathic and macroangiopathic impairment, in particular type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), T2DM, obesity, metabolic syndromeand pituitary dysfunction associated to various endocrinopathies. More recently insulin resistance following chemotherapy or radiotherapy for tumors, bone marrow transplantation for hematological malignancies (i.e., cancer survivors), or immunosuppressive treatment for solid organ transplantation has been observed. Assessment of ED by means of non-invasive techniques is the gold standard for early ED detection before clinical manifestation. It is aimed to recognize patients at risk and to avoid the development and progression of more serious illnesses. Reactive hyperemia-peripheral artery tonometry is a noninvasive technique to assess peripheral endothelial function by measuring modifications in digital pulse volume during reactive hyperemia, and represents a non-invasive, reproducible and operator-independent tool able to detect precocious ED. This narrative review aimed to provide an overview of the most important papers regarding ED detection by EndoPat 2000 in children and adolescents with different endocrine diseases. A comprehensive search of English language articles was performed in the MEDLINE database without using other search filters except the publication interval between 2005 and 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto La Valle
- Pediatric Clinic and Endocrinology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa16147, Italy
- Pediatric Clinic and Endocrinology, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health University of Genoa, Genoa16147, Italy
| | - Marco Crocco
- Pediatric Clinic and Endocrinology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa16147, Italy
- Pediatric Clinic and Endocrinology, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health University of Genoa, Genoa16147, Italy
| | - Decimo Silvio Chiarenza
- Pediatric Clinic and Endocrinology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa16147, Italy
- Pediatric Clinic and Endocrinology, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health University of Genoa, Genoa16147, Italy
| | - Mohamad Maghnie
- Pediatric Clinic and Endocrinology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa16147, Italy
- Pediatric Clinic and Endocrinology, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health University of Genoa, Genoa16147, Italy
| | - Giuseppe d'Annunzio
- Pediatric Clinic and Endocrinology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa16147, Italy
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Kerry RG, Mahapatra GP, Maurya GK, Patra S, Mahari S, Das G, Patra JK, Sahoo S. Molecular prospect of type-2 diabetes: Nanotechnology based diagnostics and therapeutic intervention. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:421-451. [PMID: 33052523 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-020-09606-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
About ninety percent of all diabetic conditions account for T2D caused due to abnormal insulin secretion/ action or increased hepatic glucose production. Factors that contribute towards the aetiology of T2D could be well explained through biochemical, molecular, and cellular aspects. In this review, we attempt to explain the recent evolving molecular and cellular advancement associated with T2D pathophysiology. Current progress fabricated in T2D research concerning intracellular signaling cascade, inflammasome, autophagy, genetic and epigenetics changes is discretely explained in simple terms. Present available anti-diabetic therapeutic strategies commercialized and their limitations which are needed to be acknowledged are addressed in the current review. In particular, the pre-eminence of nanotechnology-based approaches to nullify the inadequacy of conventional anti-diabetic therapeutics and heterogeneous nanoparticulated systems exploited in diabetic researches are also discretely mentioned and are also listed in a tabular format in the review. Additionally, as a future prospect of nanotechnology, the review presents several strategic hypotheses to ameliorate the austerity of T2D by an engineered smart targeted nano-delivery system. In detail, an effort has been made to hypothesize novel nanotechnological based therapeutic strategies, which exploits previously described inflammasome, autophagic target points. Utilizing graphical description it is explained how a smart targeted nano-delivery system could promote β-cell growth and development by inducing the Wnt signaling pathway (inhibiting Gsk3β), inhibiting inflammasome (inhibiting NLRP3), and activating autophagic target points (protecting Atg3/Atg7 complex from oxidative stress) thereby might ameliorate the severity of T2D. Additionally, several targeting molecules associated with autophagic and epigenetic factors are also highlighted, which can be exploited in future diabetic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rout George Kerry
- Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751004, India
| | | | - Ganesh Kumar Maurya
- Zoology Section, Mahila MahaVidyalya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sushmita Patra
- Department of Biotechnology, North Odissa University, Takatpur, Baripada, Odisha, 757003, India
| | - Subhasis Mahari
- DBT- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, 500032, India
| | - Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sabuj Sahoo
- Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751004, India.
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Mizuki Y, Sakamoto S, Okahisa Y, Yada Y, Hashimoto N, Takaki M, Yamada N. Mechanisms Underlying the Comorbidity of Schizophrenia and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 24:367-382. [PMID: 33315097 PMCID: PMC8130204 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyaa097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mortality rate of patients with schizophrenia is high, and life expectancy is shorter by 10 to 20 years. Metabolic abnormalities including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are among the main reasons. The prevalence of T2DM in patients with schizophrenia may be epidemiologically frequent because antipsychotics induce weight gain as a side effect and the cognitive dysfunction of patients with schizophrenia relates to a disordered lifestyle, poor diet, and low socioeconomic status. Apart from these common risk factors and risk factors unique to schizophrenia, accumulating evidence suggests the existence of common susceptibility genes between schizophrenia and T2DM. Functional proteins translated from common genetic susceptibility genes are known to regulate neuronal development in the brain and insulin in the pancreas through several common cascades. In this review, we discuss common susceptibility genes, functional cascades, and the relationship between schizophrenia and T2DM. Many genetic and epidemiological studies have reliably associated the comorbidity of schizophrenia and T2DM, and it is probably safe to think that common cascades and mechanisms suspected from common genes' functions are related to the onset of both schizophrenia and T2DM. On the other hand, even when genetic analyses are performed on a relatively large number of comorbid patients, the results are sometimes inconsistent, and susceptibility genes may carry only a low or moderate risk. We anticipate future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Mizuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shimonoseki Hospital
| | - Shinji Sakamoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Yuko Okahisa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Yuji Yada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Okayama Psychiatric Medical Center
| | - Nozomu Hashimoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Okayama Psychiatric Medical Center
| | - Manabu Takaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Norihito Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
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Bujtor M, Turner AI, Torres SJ, Esteban-Gonzalo L, Pariante CM, Borsini A. Associations of Dietary Intake on Biological Markers of Inflammation in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:356. [PMID: 33503979 PMCID: PMC7911843 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In children and adolescents, chronic low-grade inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of co- and multi-morbid conditions to mental health disorders. Diet quality is a potential mechanism of action that can exacerbate or ameliorate low-grade inflammation; however, the exact way dietary intake can regulate the immune response in children and adolescents is still to be fully understood. METHODS Studies that measured dietary intake (patterns of diet, indices, food groups, nutrients) and any inflammatory biomarkers in children and adolescents aged 2 to19 years and published until November 2020 were included in this systematic review, and were selected in line with PRISMA guidelines through the following databases: Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, Global Health, Medline COMPLETE and Web of Science-Core Collection. A total of 53 articles were identified. RESULTS Results show that adequate adherence to healthful dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet, or food groups such as vegetables and fruit, or macro/micro nutrients such as fibre or vitamin C and E, are associated with decreased levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers, mainly c-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), whereas adherence to a Western dietary pattern, as well as intake of food groups such as added sugars, macro-nutrients such as saturated fatty acids or ultra-processed foods, is associated with higher levels of the same pro-inflammatory biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS This is the first systematic review examining dietary intake and biological markers of inflammation in both children and adolescents. A good quality diet, high in vegetable and fruit intake, wholegrains, fibre and healthy fats ameliorates low-grade inflammation, and therefore represents a promising therapeutic approach, as well as an important element for disease prevention in both children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bujtor
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC 3125, Australia; (M.B.); (A.I.T.); (S.J.T.)
| | - Anne I. Turner
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC 3125, Australia; (M.B.); (A.I.T.); (S.J.T.)
| | - Susan J. Torres
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC 3125, Australia; (M.B.); (A.I.T.); (S.J.T.)
| | - Laura Esteban-Gonzalo
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Carmine M. Pariante
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College, London SE5 9RT, UK;
| | - Alessandra Borsini
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College, London SE5 9RT, UK;
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Castorani V, Polidori N, Giannini C, Blasetti A, Chiarelli F. Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in children. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2020; 25:217-226. [PMID: 33401880 PMCID: PMC7788344 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2040090.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an emerging health risk in obese children and adolescents. Both environmental (lack of physical activity, excess nutritional intake, sedentary lifestyle) and genetic factors contribute to this global epidemic. The growing prevalence of T2D in youth is also associated with a consistently increased incidence of metabolic and cardiovascular complications. Insulin resistance (IR), i.e., whole-body decreased glucose uptake in response to physiological insulin levels, determines impaired glucose homeostasis and it is recognized as cardinal trigger of T2D and cardiovascular disease in both adults and children. In particular, IR and beta-cell dysfunction lead to the persistent hyperglycemia which characterizes T2D. Indeed, both pathological states influence each other and presumably play a crucial, synergistic role in the pathogenesis of T2D, although the precise mechanisms are not completely understood. However, beta-cell dysfunction and IR induce impaired glucose metabolism, thus leading to the progression to T2D. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms correlated with the decline of beta-cell function and IR is crucial in order to control, prevent, and treat T2D in youth. This review focuses on the current knowledge regarding IR and T2D in children and adolescents and showcases interesting opportunities and stimulating challenges for the development of new preventative approaches and therapeutic strategies for young patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nella Polidori
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cosimo Giannini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Chiarelli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy,Address for correspondence: Francesco Chiarelli, MD, PhD Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini, 5, I-66100 Chieti, Italy Tel: +39-0871-358015 Fax: +39-0871-574538 E-mail:
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Zhou L, Zhang S, Zhang L, Li F, Sun H, Feng J. MiR-199a-3p inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of endothelial cells and retinal pericytes of diabetic retinopathy rats through regulating FGF7 via EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 41:19-31. [PMID: 32586178 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1783556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE MiR-199a-3p is low expressed in diabetic retinopathy (DR). In the current study, we investigated the effects of miR-199a-3p on DR and the potential mechanisms. METHODS A DR rat model was established, and endothelial cells (ECs) and retinal pericytes (RPs) were extracted from the DR model rats to detect miR-199a-3p expression. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7) was a target gene for miR-199a-3p, which was confirmed by dual-luciferase assay. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation assay, wound-healing, and Transwell assay. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) and Western blot were performed to detect the expressions of mRNAs and proteins. RESULTS MiR-199a-3p was low expressed and FGF7 was high-expressed in ECs and RPs. Overexpressed miR-199a-3p suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion, and FGF7 expression of ECs and RPs. However, overexpression of FGF7 effectively eliminated the suppressive effects of miR-199a-3p overexpression malignant behaviors of the cells. Meanwhile, up-regulation of FGF7 noticeably reversed the phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT) and the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) reduced by miR-199a-3p. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed that in the DR rat model, miR-199a-3p inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of EC and RP through targeting FGF7 and inhibiting the activation of the EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway. This study may provide a new direction for the search for the treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China
| | - Suozhi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huai'an Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Operating Room, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China
| | - Jun Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China
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Papukashvili D, Rcheulishvili N, Deng Y. Beneficial Impact of Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase Inhibition on the Potential Cytotoxicity of Creatine Supplementation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092029. [PMID: 32349282 PMCID: PMC7248702 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Creatine supplementation of the population with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with an exercise program is known to be a possible therapy adjuvant with hypoglycemic effects. However, excessive administration of creatine leads to the production of methylamine which is deaminated by the enzyme semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) and as a result, cytotoxic compounds are produced. SSAO activity and reaction products are increased in the serum of T2DM patients. Creatine supplementation by diabetics will further augment the activity of SSAO. The current review aims to find a feasible way to ameliorate T2DM for patients who exercise and desire to consume creatine. Several natural agents present in food which are involved in the regulation of SSAO activity directly or indirectly are reviewed. Particularly, zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), histamine/histidine, caffeine, iron (Fe), and vitamin D are discussed. Inhibiting SSAO activity by natural agents might reduce the potential adverse effects of creatine metabolism in population of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Papukashvili
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (D.P.); (N.R.)
| | - Nino Rcheulishvili
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (D.P.); (N.R.)
| | - Yulin Deng
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (D.P.); (N.R.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-10-68914907
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Yang J, Zhao S, Tian F. SP1-mediated lncRNA PVT1 modulates the proliferation and apoptosis of lens epithelial cells in diabetic cataract via miR-214-3p/MMP2 axis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:554-561. [PMID: 31755246 PMCID: PMC6933388 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence illustrates the critical roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the diabetes. However, the deepgoing regulation of lncRNA PVT1 in the diabetic cataract (DC) is still unclear. Here, present research investigates the pathologic roles and underlying mechanism by which lncRNA PVT1 regulates the DC pathogenesis. Human lens epithelial (HLE) B-3 cells were induced by the high glucose (HG) to simulate the DC microenvironment models. Results revealed that lncRNA PVT1 expression was up-regulated in the HG-induced HLE B-3 cells as compared to the normal glucose group. Transcription factor SP1 could bind with the promoter region of PVT1 and activate its transcription. Functionally, PVT1 knock-down could repress the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of HLE B-3 cells. Mechanistically, PVT1 acted as the 'miRNA sponge' to target miR-214-3p/MMP2 axis. This finding revealed a novel insight of lncRNA PVT1 for the DC pathogenesis, providing an inspiration for the DC mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Tianjin Medical University Eye HospitalTianjin Medical University Eye Institute & Tianjin Medical University School of Optometry and OphthalmologyTianjinChina
| | - Shaozhen Zhao
- Tianjin Medical University Eye HospitalTianjin Medical University Eye Institute & Tianjin Medical University School of Optometry and OphthalmologyTianjinChina
| | - Fang Tian
- Tianjin Medical University Eye HospitalTianjin Medical University Eye Institute & Tianjin Medical University School of Optometry and OphthalmologyTianjinChina
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