1
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Camilleri-Robles C, Climent-Cantó P, Llorens-Giralt P, Klein CC, Serras F, Corominas M. A shift in chromatin binding of phosphorylated p38 precedes transcriptional changes upon oxidative stress. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 39218622 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.15006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases are key in the regulation of the cellular response to stressors. P38 is known to regulate transcription, mRNA processing, stability, and translation. The transcriptional changes mediated by phosphorylated p38 (P-p38) in response to extracellular stimuli have been thoroughly analyzed in many tissues and organisms. However, the genomic localization of chromatin-associated P-p38 remains poorly understood. Here, we analyze the chromatin binding of activated P-p38 and its role in the response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Drosophila S2 cells. We found that P-p38 is already bound to chromatin in basal conditions. After ROS exposure, chromatin-associated P-p38 relocates towards genes involved in the recovery process. Our findings highlight the role of P-p38 dynamic chromatin binding in orchestrating gene expression responses to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Camilleri-Robles
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Climent-Cantó
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Palmira Llorens-Giralt
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cecilia C Klein
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Florenci Serras
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Corominas
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Martin-Vega A, Cobb MH. Navigating the ERK1/2 MAPK Cascade. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1555. [PMID: 37892237 PMCID: PMC10605237 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The RAS-ERK pathway is a fundamental signaling cascade crucial for many biological processes including proliferation, cell cycle control, growth, and survival; common across all cell types. Notably, ERK1/2 are implicated in specific processes in a context-dependent manner as in stem cells and pancreatic β-cells. Alterations in the different components of this cascade result in dysregulation of the effector kinases ERK1/2 which communicate with hundreds of substrates. Aberrant activation of the pathway contributes to a range of disorders, including cancer. This review provides an overview of the structure, activation, regulation, and mutational frequency of the different tiers of the cascade; with a particular focus on ERK1/2. We highlight the importance of scaffold proteins that contribute to kinase localization and coordinate interaction dynamics of the kinases with substrates, activators, and inhibitors. Additionally, we explore innovative therapeutic approaches emphasizing promising avenues in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martin-Vega
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Rd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Melanie H. Cobb
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Rd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Rd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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3
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Yang Y, Xiao G, Cheng P, Zeng J, Liu Y. Protective Application of Chinese Herbal Compounds and Formulae in Intestinal Inflammation in Humans and Animals. Molecules 2023; 28:6811. [PMID: 37836654 PMCID: PMC10574200 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder with uncertain pathophysiology and causation that has significantly impacted both the physical and mental health of both people and animals. An increasing body of research has demonstrated the critical role of cellular signaling pathways in initiating and managing intestinal inflammation. This review focuses on the interactions of three cellular signaling pathways (TLR4/NF-κB, PI3K-AKT, MAPKs) with immunity and gut microbiota to explain the possible pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation. Traditional medicinal drugs frequently have drawbacks and negative side effects. This paper also summarizes the pharmacological mechanism and application of Chinese herbal compounds (Berberine, Sanguinarine, Astragalus polysaccharide, Curcumin, and Cannabinoids) and formulae (Wumei Wan, Gegen-Qinlian decoction, Banxia xiexin decoction) against intestinal inflammation. We show that the herbal compounds and formulae may influence the interactions among cell signaling pathways, immune function, and gut microbiota in humans and animals, exerting their immunomodulatory capacity and anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. This demonstrates their strong potential to improve gut inflammation. We aim to promote herbal medicine and apply it to multispecies animals to achieve better health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China; (Y.Y.); (G.X.); (P.C.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory, Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Gang Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China; (Y.Y.); (G.X.); (P.C.)
| | - Pi Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China; (Y.Y.); (G.X.); (P.C.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory, Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jianguo Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China; (Y.Y.); (G.X.); (P.C.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory, Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yisong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China; (Y.Y.); (G.X.); (P.C.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory, Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Changsha 410125, China
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4
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Agudo-Ibáñez L, Morante M, García-Gutiérrez L, Quintanilla A, Rodríguez J, Muñoz A, León J, Crespo P. ERK2 stimulates MYC transcription by anchoring CDK9 to the MYC promoter in a kinase activity-independent manner. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eadg4193. [PMID: 37463244 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adg4193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor MYC regulates cell proliferation, transformation, and survival in response to growth factor signaling that is mediated in part by the kinase activity of ERK2. Because ERK2 can also bind to DNA to modify gene expression, we investigated whether it more directly regulates MYC transcription. We identified ERK2 binding sites in the MYC promoter and detected ERK2 at the promoter in various serum-stimulated cell types. Expression of nuclear-localized ERK2 constructs in serum-starved cells revealed that ERK2 in the nucleus-regardless of its kinase activity-increased MYC mRNA expression and MYC protein abundance. ERK2 bound to the promoter through its amino-terminal insert domain and to the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK9 (which activates RNA polymerase II) through its carboxyl-terminal conserved docking domain. Both interactions were essential for ERK2-induced MYC expression, and depleting ERK impaired CDK9 occupancy and RNA polymerase II progression at the MYC promoter. Artificially tethering CDK9 to the MYC promoter by fusing it to the ERK2 insert domain was sufficient to stimulate MYC expression in serum-starved cells. Our findings demonstrate a role for ERK2 at the MYC promoter acting as a kinase-independent anchor for the recruitment of CDK9 to promote MYC expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Agudo-Ibáñez
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Marta Morante
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Lucía García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Andrea Quintanilla
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Javier Rodríguez
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Alberto Muñoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 2809, Spain
| | - Javier León
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Piero Crespo
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 2809, Spain
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5
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Ojea Ramos S, Feld M, Fustiñana MS. Contributions of extracellular-signal regulated kinase 1/2 activity to the memory trace. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:988790. [PMID: 36277495 PMCID: PMC9580372 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.988790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to learn from experience and consequently adapt our behavior is one of the most fundamental capacities enabled by complex and plastic nervous systems. Next to cellular and systems-level changes, learning and memory formation crucially depends on molecular signaling mechanisms. In particular, the extracellular-signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK), historically studied in the context of tumor growth and proliferation, has been shown to affect synaptic transmission, regulation of neuronal gene expression and protein synthesis leading to structural synaptic changes. However, to what extent the effects of ERK are specifically related to memory formation and stabilization, or merely the result of general neuronal activation, remains unknown. Here, we review the signals leading to ERK activation in the nervous system, the subcellular ERK targets associated with learning-related plasticity, and how neurons with activated ERK signaling may contribute to the formation of the memory trace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Ojea Ramos
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Feld
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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6
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Dai C, Zhu J, Huang H. 混合谱系激酶3在心血管疾病中的研究进展. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2022-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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7
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Xing G, Liu Z, Huang L, Zhao D, Wang T, Yuan H, Wu Y, Li L, Long Q, Zhou Y, Hao Z, Liu Y, Lu J, Li S, Zhu J, Wang B, Wang J, Liu J, Chen J, Pei D, Liu X, Chen K. MAP2K6 remodels chromatin and facilitates reprogramming by activating Gatad2b-phosphorylation dependent heterochromatin loosening. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:1042-1054. [PMID: 34815549 PMCID: PMC9090911 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00902-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic cell reprogramming is an ideal model for studying epigenetic regulation as it undergoes dramatic chromatin remodeling. However, a role for phosphorylation signaling in chromatin protein modifications for reprogramming remains unclear. Here, we identified mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 (Mkk6) as a chromatin relaxer and found that it could significantly enhance reprogramming. The function of Mkk6 in heterochromatin loosening and reprogramming requires its kinase activity but does not depend on its best-known target, P38. We identified Gatad2b as a novel target of Mkk6 phosphorylation that acts downstream to elevate histone acetylation levels and loosen heterochromatin. As a result, Mkk6 over-expression facilitates binding of Sox2 and Klf4 to their targets and promotes pluripotency gene expression during reprogramming. Our studies not only reveal an Mkk phosphorylation mediated modulation of chromatin status in reprogramming, but also provide new rationales to further investigate and improve the cell fate determination processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangsuo Xing
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou Medical University, 510530 Guangzhou, China ,grid.428926.30000 0004 1798 2725Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zichao Liu
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou Medical University, 510530 Guangzhou, China ,grid.428926.30000 0004 1798 2725Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luyuan Huang
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou Medical University, 510530 Guangzhou, China ,grid.428926.30000 0004 1798 2725Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Danyun Zhao
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou Medical University, 510530 Guangzhou, China ,grid.428926.30000 0004 1798 2725Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou Medical University, 510530 Guangzhou, China ,grid.428926.30000 0004 1798 2725Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou Medical University, 510530 Guangzhou, China ,grid.428926.30000 0004 1798 2725Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wu
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou Medical University, 510530 Guangzhou, China ,grid.428926.30000 0004 1798 2725Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, China
| | - Linpeng Li
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou Medical University, 510530 Guangzhou, China ,grid.428926.30000 0004 1798 2725Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Long
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou Medical University, 510530 Guangzhou, China ,grid.428926.30000 0004 1798 2725Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanshuang Zhou
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou Medical University, 510530 Guangzhou, China ,grid.428926.30000 0004 1798 2725Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Hao
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou Medical University, 510530 Guangzhou, China ,grid.428926.30000 0004 1798 2725Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou Medical University, 510530 Guangzhou, China ,grid.428926.30000 0004 1798 2725Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianghuan Lu
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou Medical University, 510530 Guangzhou, China ,grid.428926.30000 0004 1798 2725Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiting Li
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou Medical University, 510530 Guangzhou, China ,grid.428926.30000 0004 1798 2725Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieying Zhu
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou Medical University, 510530 Guangzhou, China ,grid.428926.30000 0004 1798 2725Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Wang
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou Medical University, 510530 Guangzhou, China ,grid.428926.30000 0004 1798 2725Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou Medical University, 510530 Guangzhou, China ,grid.428926.30000 0004 1798 2725Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou Medical University, 510530 Guangzhou, China ,grid.428926.30000 0004 1798 2725Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiekai Chen
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou Medical University, 510530 Guangzhou, China ,grid.428926.30000 0004 1798 2725Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, China
| | - Duanqing Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou Medical University, 510530, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China. .,Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Xingguo Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou Medical University, 510530, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China. .,Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Keshi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou Medical University, 510530, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China.
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8
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The Anti-Apoptotic Role of COX-2 during In Vitro Infection of Human Intestinal Cell Line by Giardia duodenalis and The Potential Regulators. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0067221. [PMID: 35130451 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00672-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis inhabits the upper small intestine of mammals including humans and causes a disease known as giardiasis, which can lead to diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and bloating. G. duodenalis was known as a causative factor of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) apoptosis. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been identified as an influencing factor of pathogen infection by participating in immune response, while its role in host defense against Giardia infection is not clear. Here we initially observed the involvement of COX-2 in the regulation of Giardia-induced IEC apoptosis. Inhibition of COX-2 activity could promote Giardia-induced reduction of IEC viability, increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and decrease of nitric oxide (NO) release, which would exacerbate IEC apoptosis. In addition, during Giardia-IEC interactions, COX-2 inhibition was able to accelerate caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage, and inhibit the expressions of some anti-apoptotic proteins like cIAP-2 and survivin. In contrast, COX-2 over-expression could reduce Giardia-induced IEC apoptosis. We further investigated the regulatory mechanisms affecting COX-2 expression in terms of anti-apoptosis. The results showed that p38/ERK/AKT/NF-κB signaling could regulate COX-2-mediated ROS/NO production and anti-IEC apoptosis during Giardia infection. We also found that COX-2-mediated anti-IEC apoptosis induced by Giardia was related to TLR4-dependent activation of p38-NF-κB signaling. Collectively, this study identified COX-2 as a promoter for apoptotic resistance during Giardia-IEC interactions and determined the potential regulators, furthering our knowledge of anti-Giardia host defense mechanism.
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Sanz AB, García R, Pavón-Vergés M, Rodríguez-Peña JM, Arroyo J. Control of Gene Expression via the Yeast CWI Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031791. [PMID: 35163713 PMCID: PMC8836261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Living cells exposed to stressful environmental situations can elicit cellular responses that guarantee maximal cell survival. Most of these responses are mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, which are highly conserved from yeast to humans. Cell wall damage conditions in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae elicit rescue mechanisms mainly associated with reprogramming specific transcriptional responses via the cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway. Regulation of gene expression by this pathway is coordinated by the MAPK Slt2/Mpk1, mainly via Rlm1 and, to a lesser extent, through SBF (Swi4/Swi6) transcription factors. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms controlling gene expression upon cell wall stress and the role of chromatin structure in these processes. Some of these mechanisms are also discussed in the context of other stresses governed by different yeast MAPK pathways. Slt2 regulates both transcriptional initiation and elongation by interacting with chromatin at the promoter and coding regions of CWI-responsive genes but using different mechanisms for Rlm1- and SBF-dependent genes. Since MAPK pathways are very well conserved in eukaryotic cells and are essential for controlling cellular physiology, improving our knowledge regarding how they regulate gene expression could impact the future identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Zhang Z, Ran Y, Xu L, Pan Z, Xie Y. High-dose dexamethasone injection disordered metabolism and multiple protein kinases expression in the mouse kidney. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:BSR20211847. [PMID: 34735568 PMCID: PMC8607334 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) have been widely used in clinical treatment as anti-inflammatory, anti-shock and immunosuppressive medicines. However, the effect of excessive GCs on immune response and metabolism of kidney remains unclear. Here, we profiled the gene expression of kidney from mice with high-dose dexamethasone (DEX) treatment. A total of 1193 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened in DEX treatment group compared with the saline group, including 715 down- regulated and 478 up-regulated. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses of these DEGs showed extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, cell adhesion molecules signaling pathway were significantly enriched, and that the vast majority of DEGs were involved in monocarboxylic acid metabolism, leukocyte cell-cell adhesion and fatty acid metabolism. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that DEGs were strongly associated with immune-response and cell adhesion gene sets, such as Fc γ R-mediated phagocytosis, leukocyte transendothelial migration, T-cell receptor signaling pathway, cell adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction and focal adhesion-associated pathways. KEGG pathway analysis of differentially expressed kinases (DEKs) showed T-cell receptor and forkhead box class O signaling pathway were enriched. Furthermore, we found multiple protein kinases expression were dysregulated greatly after dexamethasone treatment, including classical effector of GCs stimulation-serum and GC-regulated kinase. These protein kinases are involved in multiple signaling pathways in mice kidney, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. We profiled the gene expression of the kidney from high-dose dexamethasone-treated mice and provided important information for further study the mechanism of side effects of GCs in clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaikuan Zhang
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yingchun Ran
- Department of Emergency Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Pan
- The College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yajun Xie
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Van Sciver N, Ohashi M, Nawandar DM, Pauly NP, Lee D, Makielski KR, Bristol JA, Tsao SW, Lambert PF, Johannsen EC, Kenney SC. ΔNp63α promotes Epstein-Barr virus latency in undifferentiated epithelial cells. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010045. [PMID: 34748616 PMCID: PMC8601603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus that causes infectious mononucleosis and contributes to both B-cell and epithelial-cell malignancies. EBV-infected epithelial cell tumors, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), are largely composed of latently infected cells, but the mechanism(s) maintaining viral latency are poorly understood. Expression of the EBV BZLF1 (Z) and BRLF1 (R) encoded immediate-early (IE) proteins induces lytic infection, and these IE proteins activate each other's promoters. ΔNp63α (a p53 family member) is required for proliferation and survival of basal epithelial cells and is over-expressed in NPC tumors. Here we show that ΔNp63α promotes EBV latency by inhibiting activation of the BZLF1 IE promoter (Zp). Furthermore, we find that another p63 gene splice variant, TAp63α, which is expressed in some Burkitt and diffuse large B cell lymphomas, also represses EBV lytic reactivation. We demonstrate that ΔNp63α inhibits the Z promoter indirectly by preventing the ability of other transcription factors, including the viral IE R protein and the cellular KLF4 protein, to activate Zp. Mechanistically, we show that ΔNp63α promotes viral latency in undifferentiated epithelial cells both by enhancing expression of a known Zp repressor protein, c-myc, and by decreasing cellular p38 kinase activity. Furthermore, we find that the ability of cis-platinum chemotherapy to degrade ΔNp63α contributes to the lytic-inducing effect of this agent in EBV-infected epithelial cells. Together these findings demonstrate that the loss of ΔNp63α expression, in conjunction with enhanced expression of differentiation-dependent transcription factors such as BLIMP1 and KLF4, induces lytic EBV reactivation during normal epithelial cell differentiation. Conversely, expression of ΔNp63α in undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and TAp63α in Burkitt lymphoma promotes EBV latency in these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Van Sciver
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Makoto Ohashi
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Dhananjay M. Nawandar
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Currently at Ring Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nicholas P. Pauly
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Denis Lee
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kathleen R. Makielski
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jillian A. Bristol
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sai Wah Tsao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul F. Lambert
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Eric C. Johannsen
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Shannon C. Kenney
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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12
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Kopczynski M, Rumienczyk I, Kulecka M, Statkiewicz M, Pysniak K, Sandowska-Markiewicz Z, Wojcik-Trechcinska U, Goryca K, Pyziak K, Majewska E, Masiejczyk M, Wojcik-Jaszczynska K, Rzymski T, Bomsztyk K, Ostrowski J, Mikula M. Selective Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) Inhibition by the SCH772984 Compound Attenuates In Vitro and In Vivo Inflammatory Responses and Prolongs Survival in Murine Sepsis Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910204. [PMID: 34638546 PMCID: PMC8508766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is the leading cause of death in intensive care units worldwide. Current treatments of sepsis are largely supportive and clinical trials using specific pharmacotherapy for sepsis have failed to improve outcomes. Here, we used the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse RAW264.7 cell line and AlphaLisa assay for TNFa as a readout to perform a supervised drug repurposing screen for sepsis treatment with compounds targeting epigenetic enzymes, including kinases. We identified the SCH772984 compound, an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 inhibitor, as an effective blocker of TNFa production in vitro. RNA-Seq of the SCH772984-treated RAW264.7 cells at 1, 4, and 24 h time points of LPS challenge followed by functional annotation of differentially expressed genes highlighted the suppression of cellular pathways related to the immune system. SCH772984 treatment improved survival in the LPS-induced lethal endotoxemia and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) mouse models of sepsis, and reduced plasma levels of Ccl2/Mcp1. Functional analyses of RNA-seq datasets for kidney, lung, liver, and heart tissues from SCH772984-treated animals collected at 6 h and 12 h post-CLP revealed a significant downregulation of pathways related to the immune response and platelets activation but upregulation of the extracellular matrix organization and retinoic acid signaling pathways. Thus, this study defined transcriptome signatures of SCH772984 action in vitro and in vivo, an agent that has the potential to improve sepsis outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kopczynski
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (I.R.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (K.P.); (Z.S.-M.); (U.W.-T.); (J.O.)
| | - Izabela Rumienczyk
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (I.R.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (K.P.); (Z.S.-M.); (U.W.-T.); (J.O.)
| | - Maria Kulecka
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (I.R.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (K.P.); (Z.S.-M.); (U.W.-T.); (J.O.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre for Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Statkiewicz
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (I.R.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (K.P.); (Z.S.-M.); (U.W.-T.); (J.O.)
| | - Kazimiera Pysniak
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (I.R.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (K.P.); (Z.S.-M.); (U.W.-T.); (J.O.)
| | - Zuzanna Sandowska-Markiewicz
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (I.R.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (K.P.); (Z.S.-M.); (U.W.-T.); (J.O.)
| | - Urszula Wojcik-Trechcinska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (I.R.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (K.P.); (Z.S.-M.); (U.W.-T.); (J.O.)
| | - Krzysztof Goryca
- Genomics Core Facility, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Karolina Pyziak
- Biology R&D, Ryvu Therapeutics S.A., 30-394 Krakow, Poland; (K.P.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (K.W.-J.); (T.R.)
| | - Eliza Majewska
- Biology R&D, Ryvu Therapeutics S.A., 30-394 Krakow, Poland; (K.P.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (K.W.-J.); (T.R.)
| | - Magdalena Masiejczyk
- Biology R&D, Ryvu Therapeutics S.A., 30-394 Krakow, Poland; (K.P.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (K.W.-J.); (T.R.)
| | | | - Tomasz Rzymski
- Biology R&D, Ryvu Therapeutics S.A., 30-394 Krakow, Poland; (K.P.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (K.W.-J.); (T.R.)
| | - Karol Bomsztyk
- UW Medicine South Lake Union, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA;
| | - Jerzy Ostrowski
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (I.R.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (K.P.); (Z.S.-M.); (U.W.-T.); (J.O.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre for Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Mikula
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (I.R.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (K.P.); (Z.S.-M.); (U.W.-T.); (J.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-546-26-55
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13
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Su H, Jiang M, Senevirathne C, Aluri S, Zhang T, Guo H, Xavier-Ferrucio J, Jin S, Tran NT, Liu SM, Sun CW, Zhu Y, Zhao Q, Chen Y, Cable L, Shen Y, Liu J, Qu CK, Han X, Klug CA, Bhatia R, Chen Y, Nimer SD, Zheng YG, Iancu-Rubin C, Jin J, Deng H, Krause DS, Xiang J, Verma A, Luo M, Zhao X. Methylation of dual-specificity phosphatase 4 controls cell differentiation. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109421. [PMID: 34320342 PMCID: PMC9110119 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are inactivated by dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs), the activities of which are tightly regulated during cell differentiation. Using knockdown screening and single-cell transcriptional analysis, we demonstrate that DUSP4 is the phosphatase that specifically inactivates p38 kinase to promote megakaryocyte (Mk) differentiation. Mechanistically, PRMT1-mediated methylation of DUSP4 triggers its ubiquitinylation by an E3 ligase HUWE1. Interestingly, the mechanistic axis of the DUSP4 degradation and p38 activation is also associated with a transcriptional signature of immune activation in Mk cells. In the context of thrombocytopenia observed in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), we demonstrate that high levels of p38 MAPK and PRMT1 are associated with low platelet counts and adverse prognosis, while pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK or PRMT1 stimulates megakaryopoiesis. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the role of the PRMT1-DUSP4-p38 axis on Mk differentiation and present a strategy for treatment of thrombocytopenia associated with MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairui Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ming Jiang
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA; Program of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Chamara Senevirathne
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Srinivas Aluri
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Genomics and Epigenomics Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Han Guo
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA; Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Juliana Xavier-Ferrucio
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Shuiling Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ngoc-Tung Tran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Szu-Mam Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Chiao-Wang Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yongxia Zhu
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yuling Chen
- Department of School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | | | - Yudao Shen
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Cheng-Kui Qu
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xiaosi Han
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Christopher A Klug
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ravi Bhatia
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yabing Chen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Veterans Affairs Birmingham Medical Center, Research Department, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Stephen D Nimer
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146 USA
| | - Y George Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Camelia Iancu-Rubin
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Haiteng Deng
- Department of School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Diane S Krause
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jenny Xiang
- Genomics and Epigenomics Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Amit Verma
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Minkui Luo
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA; Program of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Xinyang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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14
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Cheng QJ, Ohta S, Sheu KM, Spreafico R, Adelaja A, Taylor B, Hoffmann A. NF-κB dynamics determine the stimulus specificity of epigenomic reprogramming in macrophages. Science 2021; 372:1349-1353. [PMID: 34140389 PMCID: PMC8489855 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The epigenome of macrophages can be reprogrammed by extracellular cues, but the extent to which different stimuli achieve this is unclear. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is a transcription factor that is activated by all pathogen-associated stimuli and can reprogram the epigenome by activating latent enhancers. However, we show that NF-κB does so only in response to a subset of stimuli. This stimulus specificity depends on the temporal dynamics of NF-κB activity, in particular whether it is oscillatory or non-oscillatory. Non-oscillatory NF-κB opens chromatin by sustained disruption of nucleosomal histone-DNA interactions, enabling activation of latent enhancers that modulate expression of immune response genes. Thus, temporal dynamics can determine a transcription factor's capacity to reprogram the epigenome in a stimulus-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quen J Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of Infectious, Diseases Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sho Ohta
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Katherine M Sheu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Roberto Spreafico
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Adewunmi Adelaja
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Brooks Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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15
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Chromatin phosphoproteomics unravels a function for AT-hook motif nuclear localized protein AHL13 in PAMP-triggered immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2004670118. [PMID: 33419940 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004670118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In many eukaryotic systems during immune responses, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) link cytoplasmic signaling to chromatin events by targeting transcription factors, chromatin remodeling complexes, and the RNA polymerase machinery. So far, knowledge on these events is scarce in plants and no attempts have been made to focus on phosphorylation events of chromatin-associated proteins. Here we carried out chromatin phosphoproteomics upon elicitor-induced activation of Arabidopsis The events in WT were compared with those in mpk3, mpk4, and mpk6 mutant plants to decipher specific MAPK targets. Our study highlights distinct signaling networks involving MPK3, MPK4, and MPK6 in chromatin organization and modification, as well as in RNA transcription and processing. Among the chromatin targets, we characterized the AT-hook motif containing nuclear localized (AHL) DNA-binding protein AHL13 as a substrate of immune MAPKs. AHL13 knockout mutant plants are compromised in pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-induced reactive oxygen species production, expression of defense genes, and PAMP-triggered immunity. Transcriptome analysis revealed that AHL13 regulates key factors of jasmonic acid biosynthesis and signaling and affects immunity toward Pseudomonas syringae and Botrytis cinerea pathogens. Mutational analysis of the phosphorylation sites of AHL13 demonstrated that phosphorylation regulates AHL13 protein stability and thereby its immune functions.
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16
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Xu P, Deng B, Zhang B, Luo Q, Song G. Stretch-Induced Tenomodulin Expression Promotes Tenocyte Migration via F-Actin and Chromatin Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4928. [PMID: 34066472 PMCID: PMC8124537 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanosensitive gene tenomodulin (Tnmd) is implicated in tendon maturation and repair. However, the mechanism by which mechanical loading regulates Tnmd's expression and its role in tenocyte migration is yet to be defined. Here, we show that Tnmd and migration were upregulated in uniaxial cyclic stress-stimulated tenocytes. The knockdown of Tnmd reduced cell migration in the presence and absence of mechanical loading, suggesting that Tnmd is involved in tenocyte migration. Moreover, the treatment of stress-stimulated tenocytes with the actin inhibitor latrunculin (Lat A), histone acetyltransferase inhibitor anacardic acid (ANA), or histone demethylases inhibitor GSK-J4 suppressed Tnmd expression and tenocyte migration. These results show that actin stress fiber formation and chromatin decondensation regulates Tnmd expression, which might then regulate tenocyte migration. Thus, this study proposes the involvement of the actin and chromatin mechanotransduction pathway in the regulation of Tnmd and reveals a novel role of Tnmd in tenocyte migration. The identification of Tnmd function in tenocyte migration provides insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in Tnmd-mediated tendon repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (P.X.); (B.D.); (Q.L.)
| | - Bin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (P.X.); (B.D.); (Q.L.)
| | - Bingyu Zhang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Medical Electronics and Information Technology, College of Bioinformatics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China;
| | - Qing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (P.X.); (B.D.); (Q.L.)
| | - Guanbin Song
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (P.X.); (B.D.); (Q.L.)
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17
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Sawicka A, Villamil G, Lidschreiber M, Darzacq X, Dugast-Darzacq C, Schwalb B, Cramer P. Transcription activation depends on the length of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107015. [PMID: 33555055 PMCID: PMC8090853 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020107015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic RNA polymerase II (Pol II) contains a tail‐like, intrinsically disordered carboxy‐terminal domain (CTD) comprised of heptad‐repeats, that functions in coordination of the transcription cycle and in coupling transcription to co‐transcriptional processes. The CTD repeat number varies between species and generally increases with genome size, but the reasons for this are unclear. Here, we show that shortening the CTD in human cells to half of its length does not generally change pre‐mRNA synthesis or processing in cells. However, CTD shortening decreases the duration of promoter‐proximal Pol II pausing, alters transcription of putative enhancer elements, and delays transcription activation after stimulation of the MAP kinase pathway. We suggest that a long CTD is required for efficient enhancer‐dependent recruitment of Pol II to target genes for their rapid activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sawicka
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gabriel Villamil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Lidschreiber
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xavier Darzacq
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,CIRM Center of Excellence, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Claire Dugast-Darzacq
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,CIRM Center of Excellence, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Björn Schwalb
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Cramer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
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18
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Reynolds VL, Butler P, Abernathy MM, Aschenbrenner L, Best DD, Blank J, Crosby M, Custer L, Escobar PA, Kolaja K, Moggs J, Shuey D, Snyder C, Van Vleet T, Zhou J, Hart TK. Nonclinical safety assessment of epigenetic modulatory drugs: Current status and industry perspective. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 117:104746. [PMID: 32911461 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutic products designed to perturb the function of epigenetic modulators have been approved by regulatory authorities for treatment of advanced cancer. While the predominant effort in epigenetic drug development continues to be in oncology, non-oncology indications are also garnering interest. A survey of pharmaceutical companies was conducted to assess the interest and concerns for developing small molecule direct epigenetic effectors (EEs) as medicines. Survey themes addressed (1) general levels of interest and activity with EEs as therapeutic agents, (2) potential safety concerns, and (3) possible future efforts to develop targeted strategies for nonclinical safety assessment of EEs. Thirteen companies contributed data to the survey. Overall, the survey data indicate the consensus opinion that existing ICH guidelines are effective and appropriate for nonclinical safety assessment activities with EEs. Attention in the framework of study design should, on a case by case basis, be considered for delayed or latent toxicities, carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, and the theoretical potential for transgenerational effects. While current guidelines have been appropriate for the nonclinical safety assessments of epigenetic targets, broader experience with a wide range of epigenetic targets will provide information to assess the potential need for new or revised risk assessment strategies for EE drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Derek D Best
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jim Blank
- Takeda Pharmaceutical, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Meredith Crosby
- AbbVie Inc. Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Preclinical Safety, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Laura Custer
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Drug Safety Evaluation, 1 Squibb Dr, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | - Kyle Kolaja
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Drug Safety Evaluation, 1 Squibb Dr, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jonathan Moggs
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Translational Medicine, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dana Shuey
- Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cutoff, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | | | - Terry Van Vleet
- AbbVie Inc. Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Preclinical Safety, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Junguo Zhou
- Nonclinical Safety, Janssen Research and Development LLC., Raritan, NJ, USA
| | - Timothy K Hart
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S Collegeville Rd, Collegeville, PA, USA
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19
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Dai F, Luo F, Zhou R, Zhou Q, Xu J, Zhang Z, Xiao J, Song L. Calponin 3 is associated with poor prognosis and regulates proliferation and metastasis in osteosarcoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:14037-14049. [PMID: 32667904 PMCID: PMC7425500 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a malignant, life-threatening tumor that affects children and adolescents. In this study, we identified high levels of calponin 3 (CNN3) protein in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that CNN3 has diagnostic value for patients with osteosarcoma. We also found that high CNN3 expression was associated with tumor size, tumor stage, and lymph node and distant metastases. Moreover, high levels of CNN3 mRNA were associated with a poor overall survival rate and a shorter disease-free survival period. CNN3 silencing inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G1 stage, and inhibited cell migration and invasion in vitro. Furthermore, CNN3 silencing also inhibited subcutaneous tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo. Western blotting revealed that silencing of CNN3 resulted in downregulated expression of MMP9, VEGF, and vimentin, and upregulation of E-cadherin. CNN3 silencing also resulted in downregulation of the ERK1/2 and p38 signaling pathways. In conclusion, high CNN3 expression was found to help in the diagnosis of osteosarcoma, and was found to be associated with poor prognosis in patients. Therefore, CNN3 may play an oncogenic role during the progression of osteosarcoma by activating the ERK1/2 and p38 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Fei Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Third Affliated Hospital, Medical University of Chongqing, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zehua Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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20
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Stern JL, Hibshman G, Hu K, Ferrara SE, Costello JC, Kim W, Tamayo P, Cech TR, Huang FW. Mesenchymal and MAPK Expression Signatures Associate with Telomerase Promoter Mutations in Multiple Cancers. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:1050-1062. [PMID: 32276990 PMCID: PMC8020009 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-1244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In a substantial fraction of cancers TERT promoter (TERTp) mutations drive expression of the catalytic subunit of telomerase, contributing to their proliferative immortality. We conducted a pan-cancer analysis of cell lines and find a TERTp mutation expression signature dominated by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and MAPK signaling. These data indicate that TERTp mutants are likely to generate distinctive tumor microenvironments and intercellular interactions. Analysis of high-throughput screening tests of 546 small molecules on cell line growth indicated that TERTp mutants displayed heightened sensitivity to specific drugs, including RAS pathway inhibitors, and we found that inhibition of MEK1 and 2, key RAS/MAPK pathway effectors, inhibited TERT mRNA expression. Consistent with an enrichment of mesenchymal states in TERTp mutants, cell lines and some patient tumors displayed low expression of the central adherens junction protein E-cadherin, and we provide evidence that its expression in these cells is regulated by MEK1/2. Several mesenchymal transcription factors displayed elevated expression in TERTp mutants including ZEB1 and 2, TWIST1 and 2, and SNAI1. Of note, the developmental transcription factor SNAI2/SLUG was conspicuously elevated in a significant majority of TERTp-mutant cell lines, and knock-down experiments suggest that it promotes TERT expression. IMPLICATIONS: Cancers harboring TERT promoter mutations are often more lethal, but the basis for this higher mortality remains unknown. Our study identifies that TERTp mutants, as a class, associate with a distinct gene and protein expression signature likely to impact their biological and clinical behavior and provide new directions for investigating treatment approaches for these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Lewis Stern
- BioFrontiers Institute and the Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Grace Hibshman
- BioFrontiers Institute and the Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of
| | - Kevin Hu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Family Cancer Center; Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sarah E Ferrara
- University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - James C Costello
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - William Kim
- Division of Medical Genetics and Center for Cancer Target Discovery and Development (CTD), Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Pablo Tamayo
- Division of Medical Genetics and Center for Cancer Target Discovery and Development (CTD), Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
| | - Thomas R Cech
- BioFrontiers Institute and the Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of
| | - Franklin W Huang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Family Cancer Center; Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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21
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Pearson AJ, Fullwood P, Toro Tapia G, Prise I, Smith MP, Xu Q, Jordan A, Giurisato E, Whitmarsh AJ, Francavilla C, Tournier C. Discovery of a Gatekeeper Residue in the C-Terminal Tail of the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Protein Kinase 5 (ERK5). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E929. [PMID: 32023819 PMCID: PMC7037328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 5 (ERK5) is a non-redundant mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) that exhibits a unique C-terminal extension which comprises distinct structural and functional properties. Here, we sought to elucidate the significance of phosphoacceptor sites in the C-terminal transactivation domain of ERK5. We have found that Thr732 acted as a functional gatekeeper residue controlling C-terminal-mediated nuclear translocation and transcriptional enhancement. Consistently, using a non-bias quantitative mass spectrometry approach, we demonstrated that phosphorylation at Thr732 conferred selectivity for binding interactions of ERK5 with proteins related to chromatin and RNA biology, whereas a number of metabolic regulators were associated with full-length wild type ERK5. Additionally, our proteomic analysis revealed that phosphorylation of the Ser730-Glu-Thr732-Pro motif could occur independently of dual phosphorylation at Thr218-Glu-Tyr220 in the activation loop. Collectively, our results firmly establish the significance of C-terminal phosphorylation in regulating ERK5 function. The post-translational modification of ERK5 on its C-terminal tail might be of particular relevance in cancer cells where ERK5 has be found to be hyperphosphoryated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Pearson
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (A.J.P.); (Q.X.); (E.G.)
| | - Paul Fullwood
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (P.F.); (G.T.T.); (M.P.S.); (A.J.W.); (C.F.)
| | - Gabriela Toro Tapia
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (P.F.); (G.T.T.); (M.P.S.); (A.J.W.); (C.F.)
| | - Ian Prise
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
| | - Michael P. Smith
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (P.F.); (G.T.T.); (M.P.S.); (A.J.W.); (C.F.)
| | - Qiuping Xu
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (A.J.P.); (Q.X.); (E.G.)
| | - Allan Jordan
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
| | - Emanuele Giurisato
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (A.J.P.); (Q.X.); (E.G.)
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alan J. Whitmarsh
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (P.F.); (G.T.T.); (M.P.S.); (A.J.W.); (C.F.)
| | - Chiara Francavilla
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (P.F.); (G.T.T.); (M.P.S.); (A.J.W.); (C.F.)
| | - Cathy Tournier
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (A.J.P.); (Q.X.); (E.G.)
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22
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Kirk SG, Samavati L, Liu Y. MAP kinase phosphatase-1, a gatekeeper of the acute innate immune response. Life Sci 2020; 241:117157. [PMID: 31837332 PMCID: PMC7480273 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)§ cascades are crucial signaling pathways in the regulation of the host immune response to infection. MAPK phosphatase (MKP)-1, an archetypal member of the MKP family, plays a pivotal role in the down-regulation of p38 and JNK. Studies using cultured macrophages have demonstrated a pivotal role of MKP-1 in the restraint of the biosynthesis of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines as well as chemokines. Using MKP-1 knockout mice, several groups have not only confirmed the critical importance of MKP-1 in the regulation of the cytokine synthesis in vivo during the acute host response to bacterial infections, but also revealed novel functions of MKP-1 in maintaining bactericidal functions and host metabolic activities. RNA-seq analyses on livers of septic mice infected with E. coli have revealed that MKP-1 deficiency caused substantial perturbation in the expression of over 5000 genes, an impressive >20% of the entire murine genome. Among the genes whose expression are dramatically affected by MKP-1 deficiency are those encoding metabolic regulators and acute phase response proteins. These studies demonstrate that MKP-1 is an essential gate-keeper of the acute innate immune response, facilitating pathogen killing and regulating the metabolic response during pathogenic infection. In this review article, we will summarize the studies on the function of MKP-1 during acute innate immune response in the regulation of inflammation, metabolism, and acute phase response. We will also discuss the role of MKP-1 in the actions of numerous immunomodulatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean G. Kirk
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
| | - Lobelia Samavati
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yusen Liu
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205, USA,Corresponding author at: Center for Perinatal Research The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 575 Children’s Cross Road, Columbus, OH 43215, USA. (Y. Liu)
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23
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Harman JL, Dobnikar L, Chappell J, Stokell BG, Dalby A, Foote K, Finigan A, Freire-Pritchett P, Taylor AL, Worssam MD, Madsen RR, Loche E, Uryga A, Bennett MR, Jørgensen HF. Epigenetic Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Histone H3 Lysine 9 Dimethylation Attenuates Target Gene-Induction by Inflammatory Signaling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:2289-2302. [PMID: 31434493 PMCID: PMC6818986 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular inflammation underlies cardiovascular disease. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) upregulate selective genes, including MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases) and proinflammatory cytokines upon local inflammation, which directly contribute to vascular disease and adverse clinical outcome. Identification of factors controlling VSMC responses to inflammation is therefore of considerable therapeutic importance. Here, we determine the role of Histone H3 lysine 9 di-methylation (H3K9me2), a repressive epigenetic mark that is reduced in atherosclerotic lesions, in regulating the VSMC inflammatory response. Approach and Results: We used VSMC-lineage tracing to reveal reduced H3K9me2 levels in VSMCs of arteries after injury and in atherosclerotic lesions compared with control vessels. Intriguingly, chromatin immunoprecipitation showed H3K9me2 enrichment at a subset of inflammation-responsive gene promoters, including MMP3, MMP9, MMP12, and IL6, in mouse and human VSMCs. Inhibition of G9A/GLP (G9A-like protein), the primary enzymes responsible for H3K9me2, significantly potentiated inflammation-induced gene induction in vitro and in vivo without altering NFκB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell) and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling. Rather, reduced G9A/GLP activity enhanced inflammation-induced binding of transcription factors NFκB-p65 and cJUN to H3K9me2 target gene promoters MMP3 and IL6. Taken together, these results suggest that promoter-associated H3K9me2 directly attenuates the induction of target genes in response to inflammation in human VSMCs. CONCLUSIONS This study implicates H3K9me2 in regulating the proinflammatory VSMC phenotype. Our findings suggest that reduced H3K9me2 in disease enhance binding of NFκB and AP-1 (activator protein-1) transcription factors at specific inflammation-responsive genes to augment proinflammatory stimuli in VSMC. Therefore, H3K9me2-regulation could be targeted clinically to limit expression of MMPs and IL6, which are induced in vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Harman
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Lina Dobnikar
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (L.D., P.F.-P.)
| | - Joel Chappell
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Benjamin G. Stokell
- Statistical Laboratory, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (B.G.S.)
| | - Amanda Dalby
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Kirsty Foote
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Alison Finigan
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | | | - Annabel L. Taylor
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Matthew D. Worssam
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Ralitsa R. Madsen
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Elena Loche
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Anna Uryga
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Martin R. Bennett
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Helle F. Jørgensen
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
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Carbonell C, Ulsamer A, Vivori C, Papasaikas P, Böttcher R, Joaquin M, Miñana B, Tejedor JR, de Nadal E, Valcárcel J, Posas F. Functional Network Analysis Reveals the Relevance of SKIIP in the Regulation of Alternative Splicing by p38 SAPK. Cell Rep 2019; 27:847-859.e6. [PMID: 30995481 PMCID: PMC6484779 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing is a prevalent mechanism of gene regulation that is modulated in response to a wide range of extracellular stimuli. Stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs) play a key role in controlling several steps of mRNA biogenesis. Here, we show that osmostress has an impact on the regulation of alternative splicing (AS), which is partly mediated through the action of p38 SAPK. Splicing network analysis revealed a functional connection between p38 and the spliceosome component SKIIP, whose depletion abolished a significant fraction of p38-mediated AS changes. Importantly, p38 interacted with and directly phosphorylated SKIIP, thereby altering its activity. SKIIP phosphorylation regulated AS of GADD45α, the upstream activator of the p38 pathway, uncovering a negative feedback loop involving AS regulation. Our data reveal mechanisms and targets of SAPK function in stress adaptation through the regulation of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Carbonell
- Cell Signaling Research Group, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnau Ulsamer
- Cell Signaling Research Group, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Vivori
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Panagiotis Papasaikas
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - René Böttcher
- Cell Signaling Research Group, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Joaquin
- Cell Signaling Research Group, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén Miñana
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Ramón Tejedor
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eulàlia de Nadal
- Cell Signaling Research Group, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juan Valcárcel
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Francesc Posas
- Cell Signaling Research Group, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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25
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Pavan S, Meyer-Schaller N, Diepenbruck M, Kalathur RKR, Saxena M, Christofori G. A kinome-wide high-content siRNA screen identifies MEK5-ERK5 signaling as critical for breast cancer cell EMT and metastasis. Oncogene 2018; 37:4197-4213. [PMID: 29713055 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been correlated to malignant tumor progression and metastasis by promoting cancer cell migration and invasion and chemoresistance. Hence, finding druggable EMT effectors is critical to efficiently interfere with metastasis formation and to overcome therapy resistance. We have employed a high-content microscopy screen in combination with a kinome and phosphatome-wide siRNA library to identify signaling pathways underlying an EMT of murine mammary epithelial cells and breast cancer cells. This screen identified the MEK5-ERK5 axis as a critical player in TGFβ-mediated EMT. Suppression of MEK5-ERK5 signaling completely prevented the morphological and molecular changes occurring during a TGFβ-induced EMT and, conversely, forced highly metastatic breast cancer cells into a differentiated epithelial state. Inhibition of MEK5-ERK5 signaling also repressed breast cancer cell migration and invasion and substantially reduced lung metastasis without affecting primary tumor growth. The results suggest that the MEK5-ERK5 signaling axis via activation of MEF2B and other transcription factors plays an important role in the induction and maintenance of breast cancer cell migration and invasion and thus represents an exploitable target for the pharmacological inhibition of cancer cell metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Pavan
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, 4058, Switzerland.
| | | | - Maren Diepenbruck
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | | | - Meera Saxena
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
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26
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Melamed P, Haj M, Yosefzon Y, Rudnizky S, Wijeweera A, Pnueli L, Kaplan A. Multifaceted Targeting of the Chromatin Mediates Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Effects on Gene Expression in the Gonadotrope. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:58. [PMID: 29535683 PMCID: PMC5835078 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates the expression of multiple genes in the pituitary gonadotropes, most notably to induce synthesis of the gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), but also to ensure the appropriate functioning of these cells at the center of the mammalian reproductive endocrine axis. Aside from the activation of gene-specific transcription factors, GnRH stimulates through its membrane-bound receptor, alterations in the chromatin that facilitate transcription of its target genes. These include changes in the histone and DNA modifications, nucleosome positioning, and chromatin packaging at the regulatory regions of each gene. The requirements for each of these events vary according to the DNA sequence which determines the basal chromatin packaging at the regulatory regions. Despite considerable progress in this field in recent years, we are only beginning to understand some of the complexities involved in the role and regulation of this chromatin structure, including new modifications, extensive cross talk, histone variants, and the actions of distal enhancers and non-coding RNAs. This short review aims to integrate the latest findings on GnRH-induced alterations in the chromatin of its target genes, which indicate multiple and diverse actions. Understanding these processes is illuminating not only in the context of the activation of these hormones during the reproductive life span but may also reveal how aberrant epigenetic regulation of these genes leads to sub-fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa Melamed
- Faculty of Biology, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- *Correspondence: Philippa Melamed,
| | - Majd Haj
- Faculty of Biology, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yahav Yosefzon
- Faculty of Biology, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sergei Rudnizky
- Faculty of Biology, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Andrea Wijeweera
- Faculty of Biology, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lilach Pnueli
- Faculty of Biology, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ariel Kaplan
- Faculty of Biology, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Haj M, Wijeweera A, Rudnizky S, Taunton J, Pnueli L, Melamed P. Mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1 is required for gonadotropin-releasing hormone-mediated activation of gonadotropin α-subunit expression. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:20720-20731. [PMID: 29054929 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.797845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary gonadotropin hormones are regulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) via MAPK signaling pathways that stimulate gene transcription of the common α-subunit (Cga) and the hormone-specific β-subunits of gonadotropin. We have reported previously that GnRH-induced activities at these genes include various histone modifications, but we did not examine histone phosphorylation. This modification adds a negative charge to residues of the histone tails that interact with the negatively charged DNA, is associated with closed chromatin during mitosis, but is increased at certain genes for transcriptional activation. Thus, the functions of this modification are unclear. We initially hypothesized that GnRH might induce phosphorylation of Ser-10 in histone 3 (H3S10p) as part of its regulation of gonadotropin gene expression, possibly involving cross-talk with H3K9 acetylation. We found that GnRH increases the levels of both modifications around the Cga gene transcriptional start site and that JNK inhibition dramatically reduces H3S10p levels. However, this modification had only a minor effect on Cga expression and no effect on H3K9ac. GnRH also increased H3S28p and H3K27ac levels and also those of activated mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1 (MSK1). MSK1 inhibition dramatically reduced H3S28p levels in untreated and GnRH-treated cells and also affected H3K27ac levels. Although not affecting basal Cga expression, MSK1/2 inhibition repressed GnRH activation of Cga expression. Moreover, ChIP analysis revealed that GnRH-activated MSK1 targets the first nucleosome just downstream from the TSS. Given that the elongating RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) stalls at this well positioned nucleosome, GnRH-induced H3S28p, possibly in association with H3K27ac, would facilitate the progression of RNAPII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majd Haj
- From the Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel and
| | - Andrea Wijeweera
- From the Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel and
| | - Sergei Rudnizky
- From the Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel and
| | - Jack Taunton
- the Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Lilach Pnueli
- From the Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel and
| | - Philippa Melamed
- From the Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel and
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28
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Abstract
Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a technique used to determine the association of proteins or histone modifications with chromatin regions in living cells or tissues, and is used extensively in the chromatin biology field to study transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms. Increasing evidence points to an epigenetic coordination of signaling cascades, such as ERK, that regulate key processes in development and disease, revealing novel principles of gene regulation. Here we describe a detailed protocol for performing chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by qPCR (ChIP-qPCR) for probing histone modifications regulated by ERK signaling in mouse ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur Oksuz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Wee-Wei Tee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology, and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore. .,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
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29
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Yao M, Wang X, Zhao Y, Wang X, Gao F. Expression of MMPs is dependent on the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase in chondrosarcoma. Mol Med Rep 2016; 15:915-921. [PMID: 28035378 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.6077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) serve an important role in chondrosarcoma. The present study investigated whether the expression of MMPs was dependent on the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in chondrosarcoma. Surgical pathological specimens were collected to detect MMP-1, MMP-13, TIMP-1, type II collagen and phosphorylated MAPK levels in normal cartilage, enchondroma and chondrosarcoma tissues. The expression of MMP‑1, MMP‑13, TIMP‑1 and type II collagen was investigated utilizing MAPK inhibitors in chondrosarcoma cells. It was noted that the expression levels of MMP‑1, MMP‑13 and TIMP‑1 were increased in chondrosarcoma with the activity of MAPK. After chondrosarcoma cells were pretreated with MAPK inhibitors, the levels of MMP‑1, MMP‑13 and TIMP‑1 were inhibited. Furthermore, MMP‑1 and MMP‑13 are essential in regulating the degradation of type II collagen and decomposing cartilage matrix major. The high expression levels of MMP‑1 and MMP‑13 in chondrosarcoma expedite the invasion by chondrosarcoma cells and their expression can be depressed by MAPK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yao
- Department of Pathology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Pathology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
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30
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JNK Signaling: Regulation and Functions Based on Complex Protein-Protein Partnerships. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2016; 80:793-835. [PMID: 27466283 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00043-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), as members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, mediate eukaryotic cell responses to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stress insults. JNKs also regulate important physiological processes, including neuronal functions, immunological actions, and embryonic development, via their impact on gene expression, cytoskeletal protein dynamics, and cell death/survival pathways. Although the JNK pathway has been under study for >20 years, its complexity is still perplexing, with multiple protein partners of JNKs underlying the diversity of actions. Here we review the current knowledge of JNK structure and isoforms as well as the partnerships of JNKs with a range of intracellular proteins. Many of these proteins are direct substrates of the JNKs. We analyzed almost 100 of these target proteins in detail within a framework of their classification based on their regulation by JNKs. Examples of these JNK substrates include a diverse assortment of nuclear transcription factors (Jun, ATF2, Myc, Elk1), cytoplasmic proteins involved in cytoskeleton regulation (DCX, Tau, WDR62) or vesicular transport (JIP1, JIP3), cell membrane receptors (BMPR2), and mitochondrial proteins (Mcl1, Bim). In addition, because upstream signaling components impact JNK activity, we critically assessed the involvement of signaling scaffolds and the roles of feedback mechanisms in the JNK pathway. Despite a clarification of many regulatory events in JNK-dependent signaling during the past decade, many other structural and mechanistic insights are just beginning to be revealed. These advances open new opportunities to understand the role of JNK signaling in diverse physiological and pathophysiological states.
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31
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Warr N, Siggers P, Carré GA, Wells S, Greenfield A. Genetic Analyses Reveal Functions for MAP2K3 and MAP2K6 in Mouse Testis Determination. Biol Reprod 2016; 94:103. [PMID: 27009039 PMCID: PMC5842889 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.138057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Testis determination in mammals is initiated by expression of SRY in somatic cells of the embryonic gonad. Genetic analyses in the mouse have revealed a requirement for mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in testis determination: targeted loss of the kinases MAP3K4 and p38 MAPK causes complete XY embryonic gonadal sex reversal. These kinases occupy positions at the top and bottom level, respectively, in the canonical threetier MAPK-signaling cascade: MAP3K, MAP2K, MAPK. To date, no role in sex determination has been attributed to a MAP2K, although such a function is predicted to exist. Here, we report roles for the kinases MAP2K3 and MAP2K6 in testis determination. C57BL/6J (B6) embryos lacking MAP2K3 exhibited no significant abnormalities of testis development, whilst those lacking MAP2K6 exhibited a minor delay in testis determination. Compound mutants lacking three out of four functional alleles at the two loci also exhibited delayed testis determination and transient ovotestis formation as a consequence, suggestive of partially redundant roles for these kinases in testis determination. Early lethality of double-knockout embryos precludes analysis of sexual development. To reveal their roles in testis determination more clearly, we generated Map2k mutant B6 embryos using a weaker Sry allele (SryAKR). Loss of Map2k3 on this highly sensitized background exacerbates ovotestis development, whilst loss of Map2k6 results in complete XY gonadal sex reversal associated with reduction of Sry expression at 11.25 days postcoitum. Our data suggest that MAP2K6 functions in mouse testis determination, via positive effects on Sry, and also indicate a minor role for MAP2K3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Warr
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council, Harwell, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Pam Siggers
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council, Harwell, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Gwenn-Aël Carré
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council, Harwell, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Wells
- The Mary Lyon Centre, Medical Research Council, Harwell, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Greenfield
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council, Harwell, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
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32
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Han Y, Yuan ZF, Molden RC, Garcia BA. Monitoring Cellular Phosphorylation Signaling Pathways into Chromatin and Down to the Gene Level. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:834-53. [PMID: 26543102 PMCID: PMC4813704 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.053421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation, one of the most common and important modifications of acute and reversible regulation of protein function, plays a dominant role in almost all cellular processes. These signaling events regulate cellular responses, including proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, survival, and apoptosis. Several studies have been successfully used to identify phosphorylated proteins and dynamic changes in phosphorylation status after stimulation. Nevertheless, it is still rather difficult to elucidate precise complex phosphorylation signaling pathways. In particular, how signal transduction pathways directly communicate from the outer cell surface through cytoplasmic space and then directly into chromatin networks to change the transcriptional and epigenetic landscape remains poorly understood. Here, we describe the optimization and comparison of methods based on thiophosphorylation affinity enrichment, which can be utilized to monitor phosphorylation signaling into chromatin by isolation of phosphoprotein containing nucleosomes, a method we term phosphorylation-specific chromatin affinity purification (PS-ChAP). We utilized this PS-ChAP(1) approach in combination with quantitative proteomics to identify changes in the phosphorylation status of chromatin-bound proteins on nucleosomes following perturbation of transcriptional processes. We also demonstrate that this method can be employed to map phosphoprotein signaling into chromatin containing nucleosomes through identifying the genes those phosphorylated proteins are found on via thiophosphate PS-ChAP-qPCR. Thus, our results showed that PS-ChAP offers a new strategy for studying cellular signaling and chromatin biology, allowing us to directly and comprehensively investigate phosphorylation signaling into chromatin to investigate if these pathways are involved in altering gene expression. The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium with the data set identifier PXD002436.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiao Han
- From the ‡Epigenetics Program, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Bldg. 421, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5157, USA
| | - Zuo-Fei Yuan
- From the ‡Epigenetics Program, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Bldg. 421, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5157, USA
| | | | - Benjamin A Garcia
- From the ‡Epigenetics Program, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Bldg. 421, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5157, USA;
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33
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Windley SP, Wilhelm D. Signaling Pathways Involved in Mammalian Sex Determination and Gonad Development. Sex Dev 2016; 9:297-315. [PMID: 26905731 DOI: 10.1159/000444065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of any organ system requires a complex interplay of cellular signals to initiate the differentiation and development of the heterogeneous cell and tissue types required to carry out the organs' functions. In this way, an extracellular stimulus is transmitted to an intracellular target through an array of interacting protein intermediaries, ultimately enabling the target cell to elicit a response. Surprisingly, only a small number of signaling pathways are implicated throughout embryogenesis and are used over and over again. Gonadogenesis is a unique process in that 2 morphologically distinct organs, the testes and ovaries, arise from a common precursor, the bipotential genital ridge. Accordingly, most of the signaling pathways observed throughout embryogenesis also have been shown to be important for mammalian sex determination and gonad development. Here, we review the mechanisms of signal transduction within these pathways and the importance of these pathways throughout mammalian gonad development, mainly concentrating on data obtained in mouse but including other species where appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P Windley
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
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34
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Understanding sex determination in the mouse: genetics, epigenetics and the story of mutual antagonisms. J Genet 2015; 94:585-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-015-0565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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35
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Peserico A, Germani A, Sanese P, Barbosa AJ, Di Virgilio V, Fittipaldi R, Fabini E, Bertucci C, Varchi G, Moyer MP, Caretti G, Del Rio A, Simone C. A SMYD3 Small-Molecule Inhibitor Impairing Cancer Cell Growth. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2447-2460. [PMID: 25728514 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SMYD3 is a histone lysine methyltransferase that plays an important role in transcriptional activation as a member of an RNA polymerase complex, and its oncogenic role has been described in different cancer types. We studied the expression and activity of SMYD3 in a preclinical model of colorectal cancer (CRC) and found that it is strongly upregulated throughout tumorigenesis both at the mRNA and protein level. Our results also showed that RNAi-mediated SMYD3 ablation impairs CRC cell proliferation indicating that SMYD3 is required for proper cancer cell growth. These data, together with the importance of lysine methyltransferases as a target for drug discovery, prompted us to carry out a virtual screening to identify new SMYD3 inhibitors by testing several candidate small molecules. Here we report that one of these compounds (BCI-121) induces a significant reduction in SMYD3 activity both in vitro and in CRC cells, as suggested by the analysis of global H3K4me2/3 and H4K5me levels. Of note, the extent of cell growth inhibition by BCI-121 was similar to that observed upon SMYD3 genetic ablation. Most of the results described above were obtained in CRC; however, when we extended our observations to tumor cell lines of different origin, we found that SMYD3 inhibitors are also effective in other cancer types, such as lung, pancreatic, prostate, and ovarian. These results represent the proof of principle that SMYD3 is a druggable target and suggest that new compounds capable of inhibiting its activity may prove useful as novel therapeutic agents in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Peserico
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.,National Cancer Institute, IRCCS Oncologico Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Aldo Germani
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Sanese
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Armenio Jorge Barbosa
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria Di Virgilio
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | | | - Edoardo Fabini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Bertucci
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Greta Varchi
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council (CNR), Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Alberto Del Rio
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council (CNR), Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristiano Simone
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.,National Cancer Institute, IRCCS Oncologico Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
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36
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de Nadal E, Posas F. Osmostress-induced gene expression--a model to understand how stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs) regulate transcription. FEBS J 2015; 282:3275-85. [PMID: 25996081 PMCID: PMC4744689 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation is essential for maximizing cell survival and for cell fitness in response to sudden changes in the environment. Several aspects of cell physiology change during adaptation. Major changes in gene expression are associated with cell exposure to environmental changes, and several aspects of mRNA biogenesis appear to be targeted by signaling pathways upon stress. Exhaustive reviews have been written regarding adaptation to stress and regulation of gene expression. In this review, using osmostress in yeast as a prototypical case study, we highlight those aspects of regulation of gene induction that are general to various environmental stresses as well as mechanistic aspects that are potentially conserved from yeast to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eulàlia de Nadal
- Cell Signaling Unit, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Posas
- Cell Signaling Unit, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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Lee J, Jo DG, Park D, Chung HY, Mattson MP. Adaptive cellular stress pathways as therapeutic targets of dietary phytochemicals: focus on the nervous system. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 66:815-68. [PMID: 24958636 DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.007757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past 5 decades, it has been widely promulgated that the chemicals in plants that are good for health act as direct scavengers of free radicals. Here we review evidence that favors a different hypothesis for the health benefits of plant consumption, namely, that some phytochemicals exert disease-preventive and therapeutic actions by engaging one or more adaptive cellular response pathways in cells. The evolutionary basis for the latter mechanism is grounded in the fact that plants produce natural antifeedant/noxious chemicals that discourage insects and other organisms from eating them. However, in the amounts typically consumed by humans, the phytochemicals activate one or more conserved adaptive cellular stress response pathways and thereby enhance the ability of cells to resist injury and disease. Examplesof such pathways include those involving the transcription factors nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, nuclear factor-κB, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and forkhead box subgroup O, as well as the production and action of trophic factors and hormones. Translational research to develop interventions that target these pathways may lead to new classes of therapeutic agents that act by stimulating adaptive stress response pathways to bolster endogenous defenses against tissue injury and disease. Because neurons are particularly sensitive to potentially noxious phytochemicals, we focus on the nervous system but also include findings from other cell types in which actions of phytochemicals on specific signal transduction pathways have been more thoroughly studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
| | - Daeui Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
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Wang HB, Ma XQ. β, β-Dimethylacrylshikonin induces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis of human lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro via p38 pathway activation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:131-8. [PMID: 25434989 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM β, β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (DMAS) is an anticancer compound extracted from the roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon. In the present study, we investigated the effects of DMAS on human lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro and explored the mechanisms of its anti-cancer action. METHODS Human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were tested. Cell viability was assessed using an MTT assay, and cell apoptosis was evaluated with flow cytometry and DAPI staining. The expression of the related proteins was detected using Western blotting. The mitochondrial membrane potential was measured using a JC-1 kit, and subcellular distribution of cytochrome c was analyzed using immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Treatment of A549 cells with DMAS suppressed the cell viability in dose- and time-dependent manners (the IC50 value was 14.22 and 10.61 μmol/L, respectively, at 24 and 48 h). DMAS (7.5, 10, and 15 μmol/L) dose-dependently induced apoptosis, down-regulated cIAP-2 and XIAP expression, and up-regulated Bax and Bak expression in the cells. Furthermore, DMAS resulted in loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and release of cytochrome c in the cells, and activated caspase-9, caspase-8, and caspase-3, and subsequently cleaved PARP, which was abolished by pretreatment with Z-VAD-FMK, a pan-caspase inhibitor. DMAS induced sustained p38 phosphorylation in the cells, while pretreatment with SB203580, a specific p38 inhibitor, blocked DMAS-induced p38 activation and apoptosis. CONCLUSION DMAS inhibits the growth of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells in vitro via activation of p38 signaling pathway.
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Erk1/2 activity promotes chromatin features and RNAPII phosphorylation at developmental promoters in mouse ESCs. Cell 2014; 156:678-90. [PMID: 24529373 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Erk1/2 activation contributes to mouse ES cell pluripotency. We found a direct role of Erk1/2 in modulating chromatin features required for regulated developmental gene expression. Erk2 binds to specific DNA sequence motifs typically accessed by Jarid2 and PRC2. Negating Erk1/2 activation leads to increased nucleosome occupancy and decreased occupancy of PRC2 and poised RNAPII at Erk2-PRC2-targeted developmental genes. Surprisingly, Erk2-PRC2-targeted genes are specifically devoid of TFIIH, known to phosphorylate RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) at serine-5, giving rise to its initiated form. Erk2 interacts with and phosphorylates RNAPII at its serine 5 residue, which is consistent with the presence of poised RNAPII as a function of Erk1/2 activation. These findings underscore a key role for Erk1/2 activation in promoting the primed status of developmental genes in mouse ES cells and suggest that the transcription complex at developmental genes is different than the complexes formed at other genes, offering alternative pathways of regulation.
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Kolybaba A, Classen AK. Sensing cellular states--signaling to chromatin pathways targeting Polycomb and Trithorax group function. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 356:477-93. [PMID: 24728925 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cells respond to extra- and intra-cellular signals by dynamically changing their gene expression patterns. After termination of the original signal, new expression patterns are maintained by epigenetic DNA and histone modifications. This represents a powerful mechanism that enables long-term phenotypic adaptation to transient signals. Adaptation of epigenetic landscapes is important for mediating cellular differentiation during development and allows adjustment to altered environmental conditions throughout life. Work over the last decade has begun to elucidate the way that extra- and intra-cellular signals lead to changes in gene expression patterns by directly modulating the function of chromatin-associated proteins. Here, we review key signaling-to-chromatin pathways that are specifically thought to target Polycomb and Trithorax group complexes, a classic example of epigenetically acting gene silencers and activators important in development, stem cell differentiation and cancer. We discuss the influence that signals triggered by kinase cascades, metabolic fluctuations and cell-cycle dynamics have on the function of these protein complexes. Further investigation into these pathways will be important for understanding the mechanisms that maintain epigenetic stability and those that promote epigenetic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addie Kolybaba
- Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Faculty of Biology, Grosshaderner Strasse 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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Madak-Erdogan Z, Ventrella R, Petry L, Katzenellenbogen BS. Novel roles for ERK5 and cofilin as critical mediators linking ERα-driven transcription, actin reorganization, and invasiveness in breast cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 12:714-27. [PMID: 24505128 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-13-0588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cancer cell motility and invasiveness are fundamental characteristics of the malignant phenotype and are regulated through diverse signaling networks involving kinases and transcription factors. This study establishes an estrogen receptor (ERα)/MAPK (ERK5)/cofilin (CFL1) network that specifies the degree of breast cancer cell aggressiveness through coupling of actin reorganization and hormone receptor-mediated transcription. Using dominant negative and constitutively active forms, as well as small-molecule inhibitors of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)5 and MAP-ERK kinase (MEK)5, it was revealed that hormone activation of ERα determined the subcellular localization of ERK5, which functions as a coregulator of ERα-dependent gene transcription. Notably, ERK5 acted in concert with the actin remodeling protein, CFL1, and upon hormone exposure, both localized to active nuclear transcriptional hubs as verified by immunofluorescence and proximity ligation assays. Both ERK5 and CFL1 facilitated PAF1 recruitment to the RNA Pol II complex and both were required for regulation of gene transcription. In contrast, in cells lacking ERα, ERK5 and CFL1 localized to cytoplasmic membrane regions of high actin remodeling, promoting cell motility and invasion, thereby revealing a mechanism likely contributing to the generally poorer prognosis of patients with ERα-negative breast cancer. Thus, this study uncovers the dynamic interplay of nuclear receptor-mediated transcription and actin reorganization in phenotypes of breast cancer aggressiveness. IMPLICATIONS Identification of the ER/ERK5/CFL1 axis suggests new prognostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic avenues to moderate cancer aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Madak-Erdogan
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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Intracellular mobility and nuclear trafficking of the stress-activated kinase JNK1 are impeded by hyperosmotic stress. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:253-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Miotto B. Kinases and chromatin structure: who regulates whom? Epigenetics 2013; 8:1008-12. [PMID: 23917692 PMCID: PMC3891680 DOI: 10.4161/epi.25909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin structure is regulated by families of proteins that are able to covalently modify the histones and the DNA, as well as to regulate the spacing of nucleosomes along the DNA. Over the years, these chromatin remodeling factors have been proven to be essential to a variety of processes, including gene expression, DNA replication, and chromosome cohesion. The function of these remodeling factors is regulated by a number of chemical and developmental signals and, in turn, changes in the chromatin structure eventually contribute to the response to changes in the cellular environment. Exciting new research findings by the laboratories of Sharon Dent and Steve Jackson indicate, in two different contexts, that changes in the chromatin structure may, in reverse, signal to intracellular signaling pathways to regulate cell fate. The discoveries clearly challenge our traditional view of 'epigenetics', and may have important implications in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Miotto
- Université Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Epigenetics and Cell Fate; UMR 7216 CNRS; Paris, France
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