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Yin L, Yuan L, Li J, Jiang B. The liquid-liquid phase separation in programmed cell death. Cell Signal 2024; 120:111215. [PMID: 38740235 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the physical phenomenon of liquid-liquid phase separation has been widely introduced into biological research. Membrane-free organelles have been found to exist in cells that were driven by liquid-liquid phase separation. Intermolecular multivalent interactions can drive liquid-liquid phase separation to form condensates that are independent of other substances in the environment and thus can play an effective role in regulating multiple biological processes in the cell. The way of cell death has also long been a focus in multiple research. In the face of various stresses, cell death-related mechanisms are crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and regulating cell fate. With the in-depth study of cell death pathways, it has been found that the process of cell death was also accompanied by the regulation of liquid-liquid phase separation and played a key role. Therefore, this review summarized the roles of liquid-liquid phase separation in various cell death pathways, and explored the regulation of cell fate by liquid-liquid phase separation, with the expectation that the exploration of the mechanism of liquid-liquid phase separation would provide new insights into the treatment of diseases caused by regulated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leijing Yin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, PR China; Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China.
| | - Ludong Yuan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, PR China; Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, PR China; Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Bimei Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, PR China; Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China.
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2
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Hu M, Feng X, Liu Q, Liu S, Huang F, Xu H. The ion channels of endomembranes. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:1335-1385. [PMID: 38451235 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00025.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The endomembrane system consists of organellar membranes in the biosynthetic pathway [endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, and secretory vesicles] as well as those in the degradative pathway (early endosomes, macropinosomes, phagosomes, autophagosomes, late endosomes, and lysosomes). These endomembrane organelles/vesicles work together to synthesize, modify, package, transport, and degrade proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, regulating the balance between cellular anabolism and catabolism. Large ion concentration gradients exist across endomembranes: Ca2+ gradients for most endomembrane organelles and H+ gradients for the acidic compartments. Ion (Na+, K+, H+, Ca2+, and Cl-) channels on the organellar membranes control ion flux in response to cellular cues, allowing rapid informational exchange between the cytosol and organelle lumen. Recent advances in organelle proteomics, organellar electrophysiology, and luminal and juxtaorganellar ion imaging have led to molecular identification and functional characterization of about two dozen endomembrane ion channels. For example, whereas IP3R1-3 channels mediate Ca2+ release from the ER in response to neurotransmitter and hormone stimulation, TRPML1-3 and TMEM175 channels mediate lysosomal Ca2+ and H+ release, respectively, in response to nutritional and trafficking cues. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of these endomembrane channels, with a focus on their subcellular localizations, ion permeation properties, gating mechanisms, cell biological functions, and disease relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqin Hu
- Department of Neurology and Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghua Feng
- Department of Neurology and Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Liu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Liu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangqian Huang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoxing Xu
- Department of Neurology and Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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3
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Kim JW, Yong AJH, Aisenberg EE, Lobel JH, Wang W, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, Gao R, Jan YN, Bateup HS, Ingolia NT. Molecular recording of calcium signals via calcium-dependent proximity labeling. Nat Chem Biol 2024; 20:894-905. [PMID: 38658655 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-024-01603-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Calcium ions serve as key intracellular signals. Local, transient increases in calcium concentrations can activate calcium sensor proteins that in turn trigger downstream effectors. In neurons, calcium transients play a central role in regulating neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity. However, it is challenging to capture the molecular events associated with these localized and ephemeral calcium signals. Here we present an engineered biotin ligase that generates permanent molecular traces in a calcium-dependent manner. The enzyme, calcium-dependent BioID (Cal-ID), biotinylates nearby proteins within minutes in response to elevated local calcium levels. The biotinylated proteins can be identified via mass spectrometry and visualized using microscopy. In neurons, Cal-ID labeling is triggered by neuronal activity, leading to prominent protein biotinylation that enables transcription-independent activity labeling in the brain. In summary, Cal-ID produces a biochemical record of calcium signals and neuronal activity with high spatial resolution and molecular specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wren Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology at the University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Adeline J H Yong
- Department of Physiology at the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erin E Aisenberg
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute at the University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Joseph H Lobel
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology at the University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry at the University of Illinois, Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruixuan Gao
- Department of Chemistry at the University of Illinois, Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuh Nung Jan
- Department of Physiology at the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Helen S Bateup
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology at the University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute at the University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas T Ingolia
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology at the University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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4
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Guan L, Ge R, Ma S. Newsights of endoplasmic reticulum in hypoxia. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116812. [PMID: 38781866 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is important to cells because of its essential functions, including synthesizing three major nutrients and ion transport. When cellular homeostasis is disrupted, ER quality control (ERQC) system is activated effectively to remove misfolded and unfolded proteins through ER-phagy, ER-related degradation (ERAD), and molecular chaperones. When unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER stress are activated, the cell may be suffering a huge blow, and the most probable consequence is apoptosis. The membrane contact points between the ER and sub-organelles contribute to communication between the organelles. The decrease in oxygen concentration affects the morphology and structure of the ER, thereby affecting its function and further disrupting the stable state of cells, leading to the occurrence of disease. In this study, we describe the functions of ER-, ERQC-, and ER-related membrane contact points and their changes under hypoxia, which will help us further understand ER and treat ER-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Guan
- Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Rili Ge
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Fundamentals of High Altitude Medicine, (Qinghai-Utah Joint Key Laboratory of Plateau Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Shuang Ma
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Fundamentals of High Altitude Medicine, (Qinghai-Utah Joint Key Laboratory of Plateau Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China.
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5
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Wang B, Pareek G, Kundu M. ULK/Atg1: phasing in and out of autophagy. Trends Biochem Sci 2024; 49:494-505. [PMID: 38565496 PMCID: PMC11162330 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy - a highly regulated intracellular degradation process - is pivotal in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a fundamental mechanism regulating the formation and function of membrane-less compartments. Recent research has unveiled connections between LLPS and autophagy, suggesting that phase separation events may orchestrate the spatiotemporal organization of autophagic machinery and cargo sequestration. The Unc-51-like kinase (ULK)/autophagy-related 1 (Atg1) family of proteins is best known for its regulatory role in initiating autophagy, but there is growing evidence that the functional spectrum of ULK/Atg1 extends beyond autophagy regulation. In this review, we explore the spatial and temporal regulation of the ULK/Atg1 family of kinases, focusing on their recruitment to LLPS-driven compartments, and highlighting their multifaceted functions beyond their traditional role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Gautam Pareek
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Mondira Kundu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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6
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Shao Y, Zheng L, Jiang Y. Cadmium toxicity and autophagy: a review. Biometals 2024; 37:609-629. [PMID: 38277035 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00581-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an important environmental pollutant that poses a threat to human health and represents a critical component of air pollutants, food sources, and cigarette smoke. Cd is a known carcinogen and has toxic effects on the environment and various organs in humans. Heavy metals within an organism are difficult to biodegrade, and those that enter the respiratory tract are difficult to remove. Autophagy is a key mechanism for counteracting extracellular (microorganisms and foreign bodies) or intracellular (damaged organelles and proteins that cannot be degraded by the proteasome) stress and represents a self-protective mechanism for eukaryotes against heavy metal toxicity. Autophagy maintains cellular homeostasis by isolating and gathering information about foreign chemicals associated with other molecular events. However, autophagy may trigger cell death under certain pathological conditions, including cancer. Autophagy dysfunction is one of the main mechanisms underlying Cd-induced cytotoxicity. In this review, the toxic effects of Cd-induced autophagy on different human organ systems were evaluated, with a focus on hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, respiratory toxicity, and neurotoxicity. This review also highlighted the classical molecular pathways of Cd-induced autophagy, including the ROS-dependent signaling pathways, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway, Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 family, and recently identified molecules associated with Cd. Moreover, research directions for Cd toxicity regarding autophagic function were proposed. This review presents the latest theories to comprehensively reveal autophagy behavior in response to Cd toxicity and proposes novel potential autophagy-targeted prevention and treatment strategies for Cd toxicity and Cd-associated diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueting Shao
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Liting Zheng
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yiguo Jiang
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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7
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Liu H, Su P, Li Y, Hoover A, Hu S, King SA, Zhao J, Guan JL, Chen SY, Zhao Y, Tan M, Wu X. VAMP2 controls murine epidermal differentiation and carcinogenesis by regulation of nucleophagy. Dev Cell 2024:S1534-5807(24)00321-6. [PMID: 38810653 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Differentiation of murine epidermal stem/progenitor cells involves the permanent withdrawal from the cell cycle, the synthesis of various protein and lipid components for the cornified envelope, and the controlled dissolution of cellular organelles and nuclei. Deregulated epidermal differentiation contributes to the development of various skin diseases, including skin cancers. With a genome-wide shRNA screen, we identified vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2) as a critical factor involved in skin differentiation. Deletion of VAMP2 leads to aberrant skin stratification and enucleation in vivo. With quantitative proteomics, we further identified an autophagy protein, focal adhesion kinase family interacting protein of 200 kDa (FIP200), as a binding partner of VAMP2. Additionally, we showed that both VAMP2 and FIP200 are critical for murine keratinocyte enucleation and epidermal differentiation. Loss of VAMP2 or FIP200 enhances cutaneous carcinogenesis in vivo. Together, our findings identify important molecular mechanisms underlying epidermal differentiation and skin tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peihong Su
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alex Hoover
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sophie Hu
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarah A King
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jun-Lin Guan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Shao-Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Yingming Zhao
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Minjia Tan
- The Chemical Proteomics Center and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Wu
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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8
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Wang Y, Wang X, Zhang X, Zhang B, Meng X, Qian D, Xu Y, Yu L, Yan X, He Z. Inflammation and Acinar Cell Dual-Targeting Nanomedicines for Synergistic Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis via Ca 2+ Homeostasis Regulation and Pancreas Autodigestion Inhibition. ACS NANO 2024; 18:11778-11803. [PMID: 38652869 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Severe acute pancreatitis (AP) is a life-threatening pancreatic inflammatory disease with a high mortality rate (∼40%). Existing pharmaceutical therapies in development or in clinical trials showed insufficient treatment efficacy due to their single molecular therapeutic target, poor water solubility, short half-life, limited pancreas-targeting specificity, etc. Herein, acid-responsive hollow mesoporous Prussian blue nanoparticles wrapped with neutrophil membranes and surface modified with the N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine moiety were developed for codelivering membrane-permeable calcium chelator BAPTA-AM (BA) and trypsin activity inhibitor gabexate mesylate (Ga). In the AP mouse model, the formulation exhibited efficient recruitment at the inflammatory endothelium, trans-endothelial migration, and precise acinar cell targeting, resulting in rapid pancreatic localization and higher accumulation. A single low dose of the formulation (BA: 200 μg kg-1, Ga: 0.75 mg kg-1) significantly reduced pancreas function indicators to close to normal levels at 24 h, effectively restored the cell redox status, reduced apoptotic cell proportion, and blocked the systemic inflammatory amplified cascade, resulting in a dramatic increase in the survival rate from 58.3 to even 100%. Mechanistically, the formulation inhibited endoplasmic reticulum stress (IRE1/XBP1 and ATF4/CHOP axis) and restored impaired autophagy (Beclin-1/p62/LC3 axis), thereby preserving dying acinar cells and restoring the cellular "health status". This formulation provides an upstream therapeutic strategy with clinical translation prospects for AP management through synergistic ion homeostasis regulation and pancreatic autodigestion inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth Systems, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Qingdao/Sanya 266003/572024, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth Systems, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Qingdao/Sanya 266003/572024, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth Systems, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Qingdao/Sanya 266003/572024, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Baomei Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth Systems, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Qingdao/Sanya 266003/572024, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xinlei Meng
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth Systems, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Qingdao/Sanya 266003/572024, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Deyao Qian
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth Systems, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Qingdao/Sanya 266003/572024, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yatao Xu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth Systems, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Qingdao/Sanya 266003/572024, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Liangmin Yu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth Systems, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Qingdao/Sanya 266003/572024, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xuefeng Yan
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth Systems, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Qingdao/Sanya 266003/572024, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhiyu He
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth Systems, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Qingdao/Sanya 266003/572024, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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9
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Qiu H, Wu X, Ma X, Li S, Cai Q, Ganzella M, Ge L, Zhang H, Zhang M. Short-distance vesicle transport via phase separation. Cell 2024; 187:2175-2193.e21. [PMID: 38552623 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In addition to long-distance molecular motor-mediated transport, cellular vesicles also need to be moved at short distances with defined directions to meet functional needs in subcellular compartments but with unknown mechanisms. Such short-distance vesicle transport does not involve molecular motors. Here, we demonstrate, using synaptic vesicle (SV) transport as a paradigm, that phase separation of synaptic proteins with vesicles can facilitate regulated, directional vesicle transport between different presynaptic bouton sub-compartments. Specifically, a large coiled-coil scaffold protein Piccolo, in response to Ca2+ and via its C2A domain-mediated Ca2+ sensing, can extract SVs from the synapsin-clustered reserve pool condensate and deposit the extracted SVs onto the surface of the active zone protein condensate. We further show that the Trk-fused gene, TFG, also participates in COPII vesicle trafficking from ER to the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment via phase separation. Thus, phase separation may play a general role in short-distance, directional vesicle transport in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Qiu
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiandeng Wu
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shulin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qixu Cai
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Marcelo Ganzella
- Department of Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Liang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518036, China; School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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10
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Gentili M, Carlson RJ, Liu B, Hellier Q, Andrews J, Qin Y, Blainey PC, Hacohen N. Classification and functional characterization of regulators of intracellular STING trafficking identified by genome-wide optical pooled screening. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.07.588166. [PMID: 38645119 PMCID: PMC11030420 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.07.588166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
STING is an innate immune sensor that traffics across many cellular compartments to carry out its function of detecting cyclic di-nucleotides and triggering defense processes. Mutations in factors that regulate this process are often linked to STING-dependent human inflammatory disorders. To systematically identify factors involved in STING trafficking, we performed a genome-wide optical pooled screen and examined the impact of genetic perturbations on intracellular STING localization. Based on subcellular imaging of STING protein and trafficking markers in 45 million cells perturbed with sgRNAs, we defined 464 clusters of gene perturbations with similar cellular phenotypes. A higher-dimensional focused optical pooled screen on 262 perturbed genes which assayed 11 imaging channels identified 73 finer phenotypic clusters. In a cluster containing USE1, a protein that mediates Golgi to ER transport, we found a gene of unknown function, C19orf25. Consistent with the known role of USE1, loss of C19orf25 enhanced STING signaling. Other clusters contained subunits of the HOPS, GARP and RIC1-RGP1 complexes. We show that HOPS deficiency delayed STING degradation and consequently increased signaling. Similarly, GARP/RIC1-RGP1 loss increased STING signaling by delaying STING exit from the Golgi. Our findings demonstrate that genome-wide genotype-phenotype maps based on high-content cell imaging outperform other screening approaches, and provide a community resource for mining for factors that impact STING trafficking as well as other cellular processes observable in our dataset.
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11
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Sun X, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Peng M, Wei X, Xie Y, Wen C, Liu J, Ye M. Biomolecular Condensates Decipher Molecular Codes of Cell Fate: From Biophysical Fundamentals to Therapeutic Practices. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4127. [PMID: 38612940 PMCID: PMC11012904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell fate is precisely modulated by complex but well-tuned molecular signaling networks, whose spatial and temporal dysregulation commonly leads to hazardous diseases. Biomolecular condensates (BCs), as a newly emerging type of biophysical assemblies, decipher the molecular codes bridging molecular behaviors, signaling axes, and clinical prognosis. Particularly, physical traits of BCs play an important role; however, a panoramic view from this perspective toward clinical practices remains lacking. In this review, we describe the most typical five physical traits of BCs, and comprehensively summarize their roles in molecular signaling axes and corresponding major determinants. Moreover, establishing the recent observed contribution of condensate physics on clinical therapeutics, we illustrate next-generation medical strategies by targeting condensate physics. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for future medical development along with the rapid scientific and technological advances are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Sun
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (M.P.); (X.W.)
- Molecular Biology Research Center and Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China; (Y.X.); (C.W.)
| | - Yangyang Zhou
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (M.P.); (X.W.)
| | - Zhiyan Wang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (M.P.); (X.W.)
| | - Menglan Peng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (M.P.); (X.W.)
| | - Xianhua Wei
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (M.P.); (X.W.)
| | - Yifang Xie
- Molecular Biology Research Center and Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China; (Y.X.); (C.W.)
| | - Chengcai Wen
- Molecular Biology Research Center and Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China; (Y.X.); (C.W.)
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center and Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China; (Y.X.); (C.W.)
| | - Mao Ye
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (M.P.); (X.W.)
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12
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Yamamoto H, Matsui T. Molecular Mechanisms of Macroautophagy, Microautophagy, and Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy. J NIPPON MED SCH 2024; 91:2-9. [PMID: 37271546 DOI: 10.1272/jnms.jnms.2024_91-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-digestive process that is conserved in eukaryotic cells and responsible for maintaining cellular homeostasis through proteolysis. By this process, cells break down their own components in lysosomes. Autophagy can be classified into three categories: macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). Macroautophagy involves membrane elongation and microautophagy involves membrane internalization, and both pathways undergo selective or non-selective processes that transport cytoplasmic components into lysosomes to be degraded. CMA, however, involves selective incorporation of cytosolic materials into lysosomes without membrane deformation. All three categories of autophagy have attracted much attention due to their involvement in various biological phenomena and their relevance to human diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Clarification of the molecular mechanisms behind these processes is key to understanding autophagy and recent studies have made major progress in this regard, especially for the mechanisms of initiation and membrane elongation in macroautophagy and substrate recognition in microautophagy and CMA. Furthermore, it is becoming evident that the three categories of autophagy are related to each other despite their implementation by different sets of proteins and the involvement of completely different membrane dynamics. In this review, recent progress in macroautophagy, microautophagy, and CMA are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayashi Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School
| | - Takahide Matsui
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School
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13
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Du X, Butler AG, Chen HY. Cell-cell interaction in the pathogenesis of inherited retinal diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1332944. [PMID: 38500685 PMCID: PMC10944940 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1332944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The retina is part of the central nervous system specialized for vision. Inherited retinal diseases (IRD) are a group of clinically and genetically heterogenous disorders that lead to progressive vision impairment or blindness. Although each disorder is rare, IRD accumulatively cause blindness in up to 5.5 million individuals worldwide. Currently, the pathophysiological mechanisms of IRD are not fully understood and there are limited treatment options available. Most IRD are caused by degeneration of light-sensitive photoreceptors. Genetic mutations that abrogate the structure and/or function of photoreceptors lead to visual impairment followed by blindness caused by loss of photoreceptors. In healthy retina, photoreceptors structurally and functionally interact with retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Müller glia (MG) to maintain retinal homeostasis. Multiple IRD with photoreceptor degeneration as a major phenotype are caused by mutations of RPE- and/or MG-associated genes. Recent studies also reveal compromised MG and RPE caused by mutations in ubiquitously expressed ciliary genes. Therefore, photoreceptor degeneration could be a direct consequence of gene mutations and/or could be secondary to the dysfunction of their interaction partners in the retina. This review summarizes the mechanisms of photoreceptor-RPE/MG interaction in supporting retinal functions and discusses how the disruption of these processes could lead to photoreceptor degeneration, with an aim to provide a unique perspective of IRD pathogenesis and treatment paradigm. We will first describe the biology of retina and IRD and then discuss the interaction between photoreceptors and MG/RPE as well as their implications in disease pathogenesis. Finally, we will summarize the recent advances in IRD therapeutics targeting MG and/or RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Holly Y. Chen
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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14
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Yu T, Rui L, Jiumei Z, Ziwei L, Ying H. Advances in the study of autophagy in breast cancer. Breast Cancer 2024; 31:195-204. [PMID: 38315272 PMCID: PMC10901946 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-023-01541-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignant tumor among women, with a high incidence and mortality rate all year round, which seriously affects women's health. Autophagy, a well-conserved cellular process inherent in eukaryotic organisms, plays a pivotal role in degrading damaged proteins and organelles, recycling their breakdown products to aid cells in navigating stress and gradually restoring homeostatic equilibrium. Recent studies have unveiled the intricate connection between autophagy and breast cancer. Autophagy is a double-edged sword in breast cancer, demonstrating a dual role: restraining its onset and progression on one hand, while promoting its metastasis and advancement on the other. It is also because of this interrelationship between the two that regulation of autophagy in the treatment of breast cancer is now an important strategy in clinical treatment. In this article, we systematically survey the recent research findings, elucidating the multifaceted role of autophagy in breast cancer and its underlying mechanisms, with the aim of contributing new references to the clinical management of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang Yu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liu Rui
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhao Jiumei
- Chongqing Nanchuan District People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Ziwei
- Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hu Ying
- The Second Affiliatied Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Department of Clinical Larboratory, Kunming, China.
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15
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Sugiyama S, Suda K, Kono K. Cytoplasmic zoning by protein phase transition after membrane permeabilization. J Biochem 2024; 175:147-153. [PMID: 37972304 PMCID: PMC10873517 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvad094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological membranes, including plasma membrane (PM) and organelle membranes, restrict the flux of ions, molecules and organelles. However, the barrier function of biological membranes is frequently compromised by various perturbations, including physical membrane damage and protein- or chemical-induced pore formation. Recent evidence suggests that, upon PM damage, protein gelation and solid condensation are utilized to restrict ion/molecule/organelle flux across the damaged membranes by zoning the cytoplasm. In addition, membrane permeabilization dramatically alters intramembrane and extramembrane ion/molecule concentrations via the flux across the permeabilized membrane. The changes in ion/molecule concentration and their downstream pathways induce protein phase transition to form zones for biological processes or protein sequestration. Here, we review the mechanisms and functions of protein phase transition after biological membrane permeabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinju Sugiyama
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Kojiro Suda
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Keiko Kono
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
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16
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Kotani T, Yasuda Y, Nakatogawa H. Molecular Mechanism of Autophagy, Cytoplasmic Zoning by Lipid Membranes. J Biochem 2024; 175:155-165. [PMID: 37983716 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvad099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular degradation mechanism. The most distinctive feature of autophagy is the formation of double-membrane structures called autophagosomes, which compartmentalize portions of the cytoplasm. The outer membrane of the autophagosome fuses with the vacuolar/lysosomal membrane, leading to the degradation of the contents of the autophagosome. Approximately 30 years have passed since the identification of autophagy-related (ATG) genes and Atg proteins essential for autophagosome formation, and the primary functions of these Atg proteins have been elucidated. These achievements have significantly advanced our understanding of the mechanism of autophagosome formation. This article summarizes our current knowledge on how the autophagosome precursor is generated, and how the membrane expands and seals to complete the autophagosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Kotani
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, S2-14 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yuri Yasuda
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, S2-14 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nakatogawa
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, S2-14 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, S2-14 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
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17
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Wang X, Liu J, Mao C, Mao Y. Phase separation-mediated biomolecular condensates and their relationship to tumor. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:143. [PMID: 38383403 PMCID: PMC10880379 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01518-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Phase separation is a cellular phenomenon where macromolecules aggregate or segregate, giving rise to biomolecular condensates resembling "droplets" and forming distinct, membrane-free compartments. This process is pervasive in biological cells, contributing to various essential cellular functions. However, when phase separation goes awry, leading to abnormal molecular aggregation, it can become a driving factor in the development of diseases, including tumor. Recent investigations have unveiled the intricate connection between dysregulated phase separation and tumor pathogenesis, highlighting its potential as a novel therapeutic target. This article provides an overview of recent phase separation research, with a particular emphasis on its role in tumor, its therapeutic implications, and outlines avenues for further exploration in this intriguing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Jiameng Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Chaoming Mao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
| | - Yufei Mao
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
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18
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Ramos VM, Serna JDC, Vilas-Boas EA, Cabral-Costa JV, Cunha FM, Kataura T, Korolchuk VI, Kowaltowski AJ. Mitochondrial sodium/calcium exchanger (NCLX) regulates basal and starvation-induced autophagy through calcium signaling. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23454. [PMID: 38315457 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301368rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria shape intracellular Ca2+ signaling through the concerted activity of Ca2+ uptake via mitochondrial calcium uniporters and efflux by Na+ /Ca2+ exchangers (NCLX). Here, we describe a novel relationship among NCLX, intracellular Ca2+ , and autophagic activity. Conditions that stimulate autophagy in vivo and in vitro, such as caloric restriction and nutrient deprivation, upregulate NCLX expression in hepatic tissue and cells. Conversely, knockdown of NCLX impairs basal and starvation-induced autophagy. Similarly, acute inhibition of NCLX activity by CGP 37157 affects bulk and endoplasmic reticulum autophagy (ER-phagy) without significant impacts on mitophagy. Mechanistically, CGP 37157 inhibited the formation of FIP200 puncta and downstream autophagosome biogenesis. Inhibition of NCLX caused decreased cytosolic Ca2+ levels, and intracellular Ca2+ chelation similarly suppressed autophagy. Furthermore, chelation did not exhibit an additive effect on NCLX inhibition of autophagy, demonstrating that mitochondrial Ca2+ efflux regulates autophagy through the modulation of Ca2+ signaling. Collectively, our results show that the mitochondrial Ca2+ extrusion pathway through NCLX is an important regulatory node linking nutrient restriction and autophagy regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor M Ramos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julian D C Serna
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eloisa A Vilas-Boas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda M Cunha
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tetsushi Kataura
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Viktor I Korolchuk
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alicia J Kowaltowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Jiang H, Sun Y, Li F, Yu X, Lei S, Du S, Wu T, Jiang X, Zhu J, Wang J, Ji Y, Li N, Feng X, Gu J, Han W, Zeng L, Lei L. Enolase of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 promotes biomolecular condensation of ribosomal protein SA for HBMECs apoptosis. BMC Biol 2024; 22:33. [PMID: 38331785 PMCID: PMC10854124 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01835-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ribosomal protein SA (RPSA) of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) can transfer from the cytosol to the cell surface and act as a receptor for some pathogens, including Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2), a zoonotic pathogen causing meningitis in pigs and humans. We previously reported that SS2 virulence factor enolase (ENO) binds to RPSA on the cell surface of HBMECs and induces apoptosis. However, the mechanism that activates RPSA translocation to the cell surface and induces ENO-mediated HBMEC apoptosis is unclear. RESULTS Here, we show that RPSA localization and condensation on the host cell surface depend on its internally disordered region (IDR). ENO binds to the IDR of RPSA and promotes its interaction with RPSA and vimentin (VIM), which is significantly suppressed after 1,6-Hexanediol (1,6-Hex, a widely used tool to disrupt phase separation) treatment, indicating that ENO incorporation and thus the concentration of RPSA/VIM complexes via co-condensation. Furthermore, increasing intracellular calcium ions (Ca2+) in response to SS2 infection further facilitates the liquid-like condensation of RPSA and aggravates ENO-induced HBMEC cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Together, our study provides a previously underappreciated molecular mechanism illuminating that ENO-induced RPSA condensation activates the migration of RPSA to the bacterial cell surface and stimulates SS2-infected HBMEC death and, potentially, disease progression. This study offers a fresh avenue for investigation into the mechanism by which other harmful bacteria infect hosts via cell surfaces' RPSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yi Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Fengyang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xibing Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Siyu Lei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Sulan Du
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, China
| | - Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Junhui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yalu Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xin Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jingmin Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Wenyu Han
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Lei Zeng
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
- International Center of Future Science, Jillin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Liancheng Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, China
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20
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Chandra S, Katiyar P, Durairaj AS, Wang X. Mitochondrial Calcium Transport During Autophagy Initiation. MITOCHONDRIAL COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 2:14-20. [PMID: 38347884 PMCID: PMC10861220 DOI: 10.1016/j.mitoco.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
While it has been shown that Ca2+ dynamics at the ER membrane is essential for the initiation of certain types of autophagy such as starvation-induced autophagy, how mitochondrial Ca2+ transport changes during the first stage of autophagy is not systemically characterized. An investigation of mitochondrial Ca2+ dynamics during autophagy initiation may help us determine the relationship between autophagy and mitochondrial Ca2+ fluxes. Here we examine acute mitochondrial and ER calcium responses to a panel of autophagy inducers in different cell types. Mitochondrial Ca2+ transport and Ca2+ transients at the ER membrane are triggered by different autophagy inducers. The mitophagy-inducer-initiated mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake relies on mitochondrial calcium uniporter and may decelerate the following mitophagy. In neurons derived from a Parkinson's patient, mitophagy-inducer-triggered mitochondrial Ca2+ influx is faster, which may slow the ensuing mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujyoti Chandra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305, USA
| | - Parul Katiyar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305, USA
| | - Aarooran S Durairaj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305, USA
| | - Xinnan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305, USA
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21
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Hoffmann ME, Jacomin AC, Popovic D, Kalina D, Covarrubias-Pinto A, Dikic I. TBC1D2B undergoes phase separation and mediates autophagy initiation. J Cell Biochem 2024. [PMID: 38226533 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-like modifiers from the ATG8 family regulate autophagy initiation and progression in mammalian cells. Their interaction with LC3-interacting region (LIR) containing proteins promotes cargo sequestration, phagophore assembly, or even fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes. Previously, we have shown that RabGAP proteins from the TBC family directly bind to LC3/GABARAP proteins. In the present study, we focus on the function of TBC1D2B. We show that TBC1D2B contains a functional canonical LIR motif and acts at an early stage of autophagy by binding to both LC3/GABARAP and ATG12 conjugation complexes. Subsequently, TBC1D2B is degraded by autophagy. TBC1D2B condensates into liquid droplets upon autophagy induction. Our study suggests that phase separation is an underlying mechanism of TBC1D2B-dependent autophagy induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina E Hoffmann
- Molecular Signaling Group, Institute of Biochemistry II, Medical Faculty, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anne-Claire Jacomin
- Molecular Signaling Group, Institute of Biochemistry II, Medical Faculty, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Doris Popovic
- Molecular Signaling Group, Institute of Biochemistry II, Medical Faculty, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Kalina
- Molecular Signaling Group, Institute of Biochemistry II, Medical Faculty, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Goethe University Clinic Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Adriana Covarrubias-Pinto
- Molecular Signaling Group, Institute of Biochemistry II, Medical Faculty, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Molecular Signaling Group, Institute of Biochemistry II, Medical Faculty, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Molecular Signaling Group, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Fraunhofer Institute of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany
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22
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Noda NN. Structural view on autophagosome formation. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:84-106. [PMID: 37758522 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved intracellular degradation system in eukaryotes, involving the sequestration of degradation targets into autophagosomes, which are subsequently delivered to lysosomes (or vacuoles in yeasts and plants) for degradation. In budding yeast, starvation-induced autophagosome formation relies on approximately 20 core Atg proteins, grouped into six functional categories: the Atg1/ULK complex, the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase complex, the Atg9 transmembrane protein, the Atg2-Atg18/WIPI complex, the Atg8 lipidation system, and the Atg12-Atg5 conjugation system. Additionally, selective autophagy requires cargo receptors and other factors, including a fission factor, for specific sequestration. This review covers the 30-year history of structural studies on core Atg proteins and factors involved in selective autophagy, examining X-ray crystallography, NMR, and cryo-EM techniques. The molecular mechanisms of autophagy are explored based on protein structures, and future directions in the structural biology of autophagy are discussed, considering the advancements in the era of AlphaFold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo N Noda
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Sung H, Lloyd TE. Disrupted endoplasmic reticulum-mediated autophagosomal biogenesis in a Drosophila model of C9-ALS-FTD. Autophagy 2024; 20:94-113. [PMID: 37599467 PMCID: PMC10761023 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2249750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS 3R: UAS construct expressing 3 G4C2 repeats (used as control); 3WJ: three-way junction; 12R: UAS construct expressing leader sequence and 12 G4C2 repeats; 30R: UAS construct expressing 30 G4C2 repeats; 36R: UAS construct expressing 36 G4C2 repeats; 44R: UAS construct expressing leader sequence and 44 G4C2 repeats; ALS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Atg: autophagy related; atl: atlastin; C9-ALS-FTD: ALS or FTD caused by hexanuleotide repeat expansion in C9orf72; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; FTD: frontotemporal dementia; HRE: GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat expansion; HSP: hereditary spastic paraplegia; Lamp1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; MT: microtubule; NMJ: neuromuscular junction; Rab: Ras-associated binding GTPase; RAN: repeat associated non-AUG (RAN) translation; RO-36: UAS construct expression "RNA-only" version of 36 G4C2 repeats in which stop codons in all six reading frames are inserted.; Rtnl1: Reticulon-like 1; SN: segmental nerve; TFEB/Mitf: transcription factor EB/microphthalmia associated transcription factor (Drosophila ortholog of TFEB); TrpA1: transient receptor potential cation channel A1; VAPB: VAMP associated protein B and C; VNC: ventral nerve cord (spinal cord in Drosophila larvae).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sung
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas E. Lloyd
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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24
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Crabtree MD, Holland J, Pillai AS, Kompella PS, Babl L, Turner NN, Eaton JT, Hochberg GKA, Aarts DGAL, Redfield C, Baldwin AJ, Nott TJ. Ion binding with charge inversion combined with screening modulates DEAD box helicase phase transitions. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113375. [PMID: 37980572 PMCID: PMC10935546 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Membraneless organelles, or biomolecular condensates, enable cells to compartmentalize material and processes into unique biochemical environments. While specific, attractive molecular interactions are known to stabilize biomolecular condensates, repulsive interactions, and the balance between these opposing forces, are largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that repulsive and attractive electrostatic interactions regulate condensate stability, internal mobility, interfaces, and selective partitioning of molecules both in vitro and in cells. We find that signaling ions, such as calcium, alter repulsions between model Ddx3 and Ddx4 condensate proteins by directly binding to negatively charged amino acid sidechains and effectively inverting their charge, in a manner fundamentally dissimilar to electrostatic screening. Using a polymerization model combined with generalized stickers and spacers, we accurately quantify and predict condensate stability over a wide range of pH, salt concentrations, and amino acid sequences. Our model provides a general quantitative treatment for understanding how charge and ions reversibly control condensate stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Crabtree
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Jack Holland
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Arvind S Pillai
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Purnima S Kompella
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Leon Babl
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Noah N Turner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - James T Eaton
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK; Kavli Insititute of Nanoscience Discovery, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, Sherrington Rd, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Georg K A Hochberg
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany; Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 14, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Dirk G A L Aarts
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Christina Redfield
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Andrew J Baldwin
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK; Kavli Insititute of Nanoscience Discovery, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, Sherrington Rd, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
| | - Timothy J Nott
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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25
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Feng X, Sun D, Li Y, Zhang J, Liu S, Zhang D, Zheng J, Xi Q, Liang H, Zhao W, Li Y, Xu M, He J, Liu T, Hasim A, Ma M, Xu P, Mi N. Local membrane source gathering by p62 body drives autophagosome formation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7338. [PMID: 37957156 PMCID: PMC10643672 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42829-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagosomes are double-membrane vesicles generated intracellularly to encapsulate substrates for lysosomal degradation during autophagy. Phase separated p62 body plays pivotal roles during autophagosome formation, however, the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. Here we describe a spatial membrane gathering mode by which p62 body functions in autophagosome formation. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics reveals significant enrichment of vesicle trafficking components within p62 body. Combining cellular experiments and biochemical reconstitution assays, we confirm the gathering of ATG9 and ATG16L1-positive vesicles around p62 body, especially in Atg2ab DKO cells with blocked lipid transfer and vesicle fusion. Interestingly, p62 body also regulates ATG9 and ATG16L vesicle trafficking flux intracellularly. We further determine the lipid contents associated with p62 body via lipidomic profiling. Moreover, with in vitro kinase assay, we uncover the functions of p62 body as a platform to assemble ULK1 complex and invigorate PI3KC3-C1 kinase cascade for PI3P generation. Collectively, our study raises a membrane-based working model for multifaceted p62 body in controlling autophagosome biogenesis, and highlights the interplay between membraneless condensates and membrane vesicles in regulating cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
- Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Daxiao Sun
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Yanchang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics & Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Institute of Lifeomics, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Jinpei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
- Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
- Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Dachuan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxiang Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
- Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Haisha Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Wenkang Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Mengbo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
- Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jiayu He
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
- Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
- Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ayshamgul Hasim
- Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Meisheng Ma
- Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics & Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Institute of Lifeomics, 102206, Beijing, China.
| | - Na Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China.
- Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of High Incidence Disease Research in Xinjiang (Xinjiang Medical University), Ministry of Education, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China.
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26
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Tan JX, Finkel T. Lysosomes in senescence and aging. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57265. [PMID: 37811693 PMCID: PMC10626421 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of lysosomes, the primary hydrolytic organelles in animal cells, is frequently associated with aging and age-related diseases. At the cellular level, lysosomal dysfunction is strongly linked to cellular senescence or the induction of cell death pathways. However, the precise mechanisms by which lysosomal dysfunction participates in these various cellular or organismal phenotypes have remained elusive. The ability of lysosomes to degrade diverse macromolecules including damaged proteins and organelles puts lysosomes at the center of multiple cellular stress responses. Lysosomal activity is tightly regulated by many coordinated cellular processes including pathways that function inside and outside of the organelle. Here, we collectively classify these coordinated pathways as the lysosomal processing and adaptation system (LYPAS). We review evidence that the LYPAS is upregulated by diverse cellular stresses, its adaptability regulates senescence and cell death decisions, and it can form the basis for therapeutic manipulation for a wide range of age-related diseases and potentially for aging itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Xiaojun Tan
- Aging InstituteUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine/University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA
- Department of Cell BiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Toren Finkel
- Aging InstituteUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine/University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
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27
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Clain JA, Boutrais S, Dewatines J, Racine G, Rabezanahary H, Droit A, Zghidi-Abouzid O, Estaquier J. Lipid metabolic reprogramming of hepatic CD4 + T cells during SIV infection. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0168723. [PMID: 37656815 PMCID: PMC10581067 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01687-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
While liver inflammation is associated with AIDS, little is known so far about hepatic CD4+ T cells. By using the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaque (RM) model, we aimed to characterize CD4+ T cells. The phenotype of CD4+ T cells was assessed by flow cytometry from uninfected (n = 3) and infected RMs, with either SIVmac251 (n = 6) or SHIVSF162p3 (n = 6). After cell sorting of hepatic CD4+ T cells, viral DNA quantification and RNA sequencing were performed.Thus, we demonstrated that liver CD4+ T cells strongly expressed the SIV coreceptor, CCR5. We showed that viremia was negatively correlated with the percentage of hepatic effector memory CD4+ T cells. Consistent with viral sensing, inflammatory and interferon gene transcripts were increased. We also highlighted the presence of harmful CD4+ T cells expressing GZMA and members of TGFB that could contribute to fuel inflammation and fibrosis. Whereas RNA sequencing demonstrated activated CD4+ T cells displaying higher levels of mitoribosome and membrane lipid synthesis transcripts, few genes were related to glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, which are essential to sustain activated T cells. Furthermore, we observed lower levels of mitochondrial DNA and higher levels of genes associated with damaged organelles (reticulophagy and mitophagy). Altogether, our data revealed that activated hepatic CD4+ T cells are reprogrammed to lipid metabolism. Thus, strategies aiming to reprogram T cell metabolism with effector function could be of interest for controlling viral infection and preventing liver disorders.IMPORTANCEHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection may cause liver diseases, associated with inflammation and tissue injury, contributing to comorbidity in people living with HIV. Paradoxically, the contribution of hepatic CD4+ T cells remains largely underestimated. Herein, we used the model of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaques to access liver tissue. Our work demonstrates that hepatic CD4+ T cells express CCR5, the main viral coreceptor, and are infected. Viral infection is associated with the presence of inflamed and activated hepatic CD4+ T cells expressing cytotoxic molecules. Furthermore, hepatic CD4+ T cells are reprogrammed toward lipid metabolism after SIV infection. Altogether, our findings shed new light on hepatic CD4+ T cell profile that could contribute to liver injury following viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien A. Clain
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Steven Boutrais
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Juliette Dewatines
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Gina Racine
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Arnaud Droit
- Proteomics Platform, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Computational Biology Laboratory, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Ouafa Zghidi-Abouzid
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Jérôme Estaquier
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- INSERM U1124, Université Paris, Paris, France
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28
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Wilson N, Kataura T, Korsgen ME, Sun C, Sarkar S, Korolchuk VI. The autophagy-NAD axis in longevity and disease. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:788-802. [PMID: 36878731 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular degradation pathway that recycles subcellular components to maintain metabolic homeostasis. NAD is an essential metabolite that participates in energy metabolism and serves as a substrate for a series of NAD+-consuming enzymes (NADases), including PARPs and SIRTs. Declining levels of autophagic activity and NAD represent features of cellular ageing, and consequently enhancing either significantly extends health/lifespan in animals and normalises metabolic activity in cells. Mechanistically, it has been shown that NADases can directly regulate autophagy and mitochondrial quality control. Conversely, autophagy has been shown to preserve NAD levels by modulating cellular stress. In this review we highlight the mechanisms underlying this bidirectional relationship between NAD and autophagy, and the potential therapeutic targets it provides for combatting age-related disease and promoting longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall Wilson
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Tetsushi Kataura
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Miriam E Korsgen
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Congxin Sun
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sovan Sarkar
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Viktor I Korolchuk
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK.
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29
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Gao XK, Sheng ZK, Lu YH, Sun YT, Rao XS, Shi LJ, Cong XX, Chen X, Wu HB, Huang M, Zheng Q, Guo JS, Jiang LJ, Zheng LL, Zhou YT. VAPB-mediated ER-targeting stabilizes IRS-1 signalosomes to regulate insulin/IGF signaling. Cell Discov 2023; 9:83. [PMID: 37528084 PMCID: PMC10394085 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-023-00576-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The scaffold protein IRS-1 is an essential node in insulin/IGF signaling. It has long been recognized that the stability of IRS-1 is dependent on its endomembrane targeting. However, how IRS-1 targets the intracellular membrane, and what type of intracellular membrane is actually targeted, remains poorly understood. Here, we found that the phase separation-mediated IRS-1 puncta attached to endoplasmic reticulum (ER). VAPB, an ER-anchored protein that mediates tethers between ER and membranes of other organelles, was identified as a direct interacting partner of IRS-1. VAPB mainly binds active IRS-1 because IGF-1 enhanced the VAPB-IRS-1 association and replacing of the nine tyrosine residues of YXXM motifs disrupted the VAPB-IRS-1 association. We further delineated that the Y745 and Y746 residues in the FFAT-like motif of IRS-1 mediated the association with VAPB. Notably, VAPB targeted IRS-1 to the ER and subsequently maintained its stability. Consistently, ablation of VAPB in mice led to downregulation of IRS-1, suppression of insulin signaling, and glucose intolerance. The amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-derived VAPB P56S mutant also impaired IRS-1 stability by interfering with the ER-tethering of IRS-1. Our findings thus revealed a previously unappreciated condensate-membrane contact (CMC), by which VAPB stabilizes the membraneless IRS-1 signalosome through targeting it to ER membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Kui Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China.
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zu Kang Sheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ye Hong Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Ting Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xi Sheng Rao
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Jing Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Xia Cong
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Bo Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Man Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejinag, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Failure (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-Sheng Guo
- Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Center of Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Jun Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Li Ling Zheng
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejinag, China.
- Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Failure (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yi Ting Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Failure (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- ZJU-UoE Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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30
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Li R, Pang L. Comparing the effects of proteins with IDRs on membrane system in yeast, mammalian cells, and the model plant Arabidopsis. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 74:102375. [PMID: 37172364 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Membrane vesiculation is an energy-costing process. Previous studies paid much attention to proteins with curvature-inducing motifs. Recent publications reveal that the liquid-like protein assembly on membrane surfaces provides an efficient yet structure-independent mechanism for increasing the membrane curvature, which plays important roles in vesicle transport in many aspects. Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) within the proteins are highly potent drivers of membrane curvature by providing large hydrodynamic radii to generate steric pressure. Biomolecular condensates formed by phase separation can provide a reaction platform for sequential processes or generate a wetting surface to sequestrate cargos and trigger membrane remodeling. We review the latest progress in yeast and mammalian cells, focus on the mechanism of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and autophagy initiation, and compare with what we know in model plant Arabidopsis. The comparison may give important insights into the understanding of basic membrane trafficking mechanisms in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixi Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Lei Pang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Liu S, Chen M, Wang Y, Lei Y, Huang T, Zhang Y, Lam SM, Li H, Qi S, Geng J, Lu K. The ER calcium channel Csg2 integrates sphingolipid metabolism with autophagy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3725. [PMID: 37349354 PMCID: PMC10287731 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39482-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are ubiquitous components of membranes and function as bioactive lipid signaling molecules. Here, through genetic screening and lipidomics analyses, we find that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium channel Csg2 integrates sphingolipid metabolism with autophagy by regulating ER calcium homeostasis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Csg2 functions as a calcium release channel and maintains calcium homeostasis in the ER, which enables normal functioning of the essential sphingolipid synthase Aur1. Under starvation conditions, deletion of Csg2 causes increases in calcium levels in the ER and then disturbs Aur1 stability, leading to accumulation of the bioactive sphingolipid phytosphingosine, which specifically and completely blocks autophagy and induces loss of starvation resistance in cells. Our findings indicate that calcium homeostasis in the ER mediated by the channel Csg2 translates sphingolipid metabolism into autophagy regulation, further supporting the role of the ER as a signaling hub for calcium homeostasis, sphingolipid metabolism and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Mutian Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, City of Future Medicine, Chengdu, 641400, China
| | - Yichang Wang
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuqing Lei
- Department of Pathology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yabin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Sin Man Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- LipidALL Technologies Company Limited, Changzhou, 213022, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Department of Pathology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Shiqian Qi
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Jia Geng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, City of Future Medicine, Chengdu, 641400, China.
| | - Kefeng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Karema-Jokinen V, Koskela A, Hytti M, Hongisto H, Viheriälä T, Liukkonen M, Torsti T, Skottman H, Kauppinen A, Nymark S, Kaarniranta K. Crosstalk of protein clearance, inflammasome, and Ca 2+ channels in retinal pigment epithelium derived from age-related macular degeneration patients. J Biol Chem 2023:104770. [PMID: 37137441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Degeneration and/or dysfunction of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is generally detected as the formation of intra- and extracellular protein aggregates, called lipofuscin and drusen, respectively, in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness in the elderly population. These clinical hallmarks are linked to dysfunctional protein homeostasis and inflammation, and furthermore, are both regulated by changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. While many other cellular mechanisms have been considered in the investigations of AMD-RPE, there has been relatively little work on understanding the interactions of protein clearance, inflammation, and Ca2+ dynamics in disease pathogenesis. Here we established induced pluripotent stem cell-derived RPE from two patients with advanced AMD and from an age- and gender-matched control subject. We studied autophagy and inflammasome activation under disturbed proteostasis in these cell lines and investigated changes in their intracellular Ca2+ concentration and L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Our work demonstrated dysregulated autophagy and inflammasome activation in AMD-RPE accompanied by reduced intracellular free Ca2+ levels. Interestingly, we found currents through L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels to be diminished and showed these channels to be significantly localized to intracellular compartments in AMD-RPE. Taken together, the alterations in Ca2+ dynamics in AMD-RPE together with dysregulated autophagy and inflammasome activation indicate an important role for Ca2+ signaling in AMD pathogenesis, providing new avenues for the development of therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Koskela
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maria Hytti
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heidi Hongisto
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Taina Viheriälä
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mikko Liukkonen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tommi Torsti
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heli Skottman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anu Kauppinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Soile Nymark
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland, Immuno-Ophthalmology, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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de Ridder I, Kerkhofs M, Lemos FO, Loncke J, Bultynck G, Parys JB. The ER-mitochondria interface, where Ca 2+ and cell death meet. Cell Calcium 2023; 112:102743. [PMID: 37126911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria contact sites are crucial to allow Ca2+ flux between them and a plethora of proteins participate in tethering both organelles together. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) play a pivotal role at such contact sites, participating in both ER-mitochondria tethering and as Ca2+-transport system that delivers Ca2+ from the ER towards mitochondria. At the ER-mitochondria contact sites, the IP3Rs function as a multi-protein complex linked to the voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) in the outer mitochondrial membrane, via the chaperone glucose-regulated protein 75 (GRP75). This IP3R-GRP75-VDAC1 complex supports the efficient transfer of Ca2+ from the ER into the mitochondrial intermembrane space, from which the Ca2+ ions can reach the mitochondrial matrix through the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. Under physiological conditions, basal Ca2+ oscillations deliver Ca2+ to the mitochondrial matrix, thereby stimulating mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. However, when mitochondrial Ca2+ overload occurs, the increase in [Ca2+] will induce the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, thereby provoking cell death. The IP3R-GRP75-VDAC1 complex forms a hub for several other proteins that stabilize the complex and/or regulate the complex's ability to channel Ca2+ into the mitochondria. These proteins and their mechanisms of action are discussed in the present review with special attention for their role in pathological conditions and potential implication for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian de Ridder
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Martijn Kerkhofs
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Fernanda O Lemos
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Jens Loncke
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium.
| | - Jan B Parys
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium.
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Jiang P, Cai R, Lugo-Martinez J, Guo Y. A hybrid positive unlabeled learning framework for uncovering scaffolds across human proteome by measuring the propensity to drive phase separation. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:7031681. [PMID: 36754843 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbad009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Scaffold proteins drive liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) to form biomolecular condensates and organize various biochemical reactions in cells. Dysregulation of scaffolds can lead to aberrant condensate assembly and various complex diseases. However, bioinformatics predictors dedicated to scaffolds are still lacking and their development suffers from an extreme imbalance between limited experimentally identified scaffolds and unlabeled candidates. Here, using the joint distribution of hybrid multimodal features, we implemented a positive unlabeled (PU) learning-based framework named PULPS that combined ProbTagging and penalty logistic regression (PLR) to profile the propensity of scaffolds. PULPS achieved the best AUC of 0.8353 and showed an area under the lift curve (AUL) of 0.8339 as an estimation of true performance. Upon reviewing recent experimentally verified scaffolds, we performed a partial recovery with 2.85% increase in AUL from 0.8339 to 0.8577. In comparison, PULPS showed a 45.7% improvement in AUL compared with PLR, whereas 8.2% superiority over other existing tools. Our study first proved that PU learning is more suitable for scaffold prediction and demonstrated the widespread existence of phase separation states. This profile also uncovered potential scaffolds that co-drive LLPS in the human proteome and generated candidates for further experiments. PULPS is free for academic research at http://pulps.zbiolab.cn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ruoxi Cai
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Jose Lugo-Martinez
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yaping Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
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Lu S, Dai Z, Cui Y, Kong DM. Recent Development of Advanced Fluorescent Molecular Probes for Organelle-Targeted Cell Imaging. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:360. [PMID: 36979572 PMCID: PMC10046058 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent molecular probes are very powerful tools that have been generally applied in cell imaging in the research fields of biology, pathology, pharmacology, biochemistry, and medical science. In the last couple of decades, numerous molecular probes endowed with high specificity to particular organelles have been designed to illustrate intracellular images in more detail at the subcellular level. Nowadays, the development of cell biology has enabled the investigation process to go deeply into cells, even at the molecular level. Therefore, probes that can sketch a particular organelle's location while responding to certain parameters to evaluate intracellular bioprocesses are under urgent demand. It is significant to understand the basic ideas of organelle properties, as well as the vital substances related to each unique organelle, for the design of probes with high specificity and efficiency. In this review, we summarize representative multifunctional fluorescent molecular probes developed in the last decade. We focus on probes that can specially target nuclei, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulums, and lysosomes. In each section, we first briefly introduce the significance and properties of different organelles. We then discuss how probes are designed to make them highly organelle-specific. Finally, we also consider how probes are constructed to endow them with additional functions to recognize particular physical/chemical signals of targeted organelles. Moreover, a perspective on the challenges in future applications of highly specific molecular probes in cell imaging is also proposed. We hope that this review can provide researchers with additional conceptual information about developing probes for cell imaging, assisting scientists interested in molecular biology, cell biology, and biochemistry to accelerate their scientific studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhiqi Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yunxi Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - De-Ming Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Liu H, Wang R, OuYang H, Wang Y, Wu J, Li M, Hu Y, Yao Y, Liu Y, Ji Y. Cadmium induced mouse spermatogonia apoptosis via mitochondrial calcium overload mediated by IP 3R-MCU signal pathway. Toxicology 2023; 486:153448. [PMID: 36731763 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal and also a well-known reproductive toxicant. Cd could induce germ cells apoptosis in mouse testes, however, the mechanism remains unclear. This study designed in vitro using GC-1 spermatogonial (spg) cells to explore the cytotoxicity and the molecular mechanisms induced by cadmium chloride(CdCl2). As expected, CdCl2 elevated the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induced the release of AIF and Cyt-c from the mitochondria to the cytosol in spermatogonia. Correspondingly, CdCl2 apparently increased the apoptotic rate in spermatogonia. Further researches found that CdCl2 could activate IP3R-MCU pathway, trigger Ca2+ transfer from endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria, and cause mitochondrial Ca2+ overload. BAPTA acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA-AM), a calcium chelator, almost completely attenuated IP3R phosphorylation, inhibited the mRNA and protein expression levels of VDAC1, MCU and MCUR1 upregulated by CdCl2, reduced the calcium ion content in the mitochondria. Moreover, BAPTA-AM could decrease the level of ROS, antagonize CdCl2-induced release of AIF and Cyt-c from the mitochondria to the cytosol and alleviate CdCl2-induced apoptosis in spermatogonia. As above, these results provided the evidence that CdCl2 might induce apoptosis of spermatogonia via mitochondrial Ca2+ overload mediated by IP3R-MCU signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of health inspection and quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of health inspection and quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Huijuan OuYang
- Department of health inspection and quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of health inspection and quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of health inspection and quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Department of health inspection and quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of health inspection and quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yuyou Yao
- Department of health inspection and quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, 230032 Anhui, China
| | - Yehao Liu
- Department of health inspection and quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, 230032 Anhui, China.
| | - Yanli Ji
- Department of health inspection and quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, 230032 Anhui, China.
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Vargas Duarte P, Reggiori F. The Organization and Function of the Phagophore-ER Membrane Contact Sites. CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2023; 6:25152564231183898. [PMID: 37465355 PMCID: PMC10350784 DOI: 10.1177/25152564231183898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Macroautophagy is characterized by the de novo formation of double-membrane vesicles termed autophagosomes. The precursor structure of autophagosomes is a membrane cistern called phagophore, which elongates through a massive acquisition of lipids until closure. The phagophore establishes membrane-contact sites (MCSs) with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where conserved ATG proteins belonging to the ATG9 lipid scramblase, ATG2 lipid transfer and Atg18/WIPI4 β-propeller families concentrate. Several recent in vivo and in vitro studies have uncovered the relevance of these proteins and MCSs in the lipid supply required for autophagosome formation. Although important conceptual advances have been reached, the functional interrelationship between ATG9, ATG2 and Atg18/WIPI4 proteins at the phagophore-ER MCSs and their role in the phagophore expansion are not completely understood. In this review, we describe the current knowledge about the structure, interactions, localizations, and molecular functions of these proteins, with a particular emphasis on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and mammalian systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Chen L, Zhang X. Tumor cells-derived conditioned medium induced pro-tumoral phenotypes in macrophages through calcium-nuclear factor κB interaction. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1327. [PMID: 36536301 PMCID: PMC9762082 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The malignant behaviors of lung cancers are affected by not only cancer cells but also many kinds of stromal cells in tumor microenvironment (TME), including macrophages. Macrophages have been proven to extensively influence tumor progression through several mechanisms, among which switching of macrophages from pro-inflammatory phenotypes (M1-like) to anti-inflammatory phenotypes (M2-like) mediated by transcription factors such as nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is the most crucial event. The regulation of NF-κB has been well studied, however some details remain fuzzy. METHODS Mouse primary bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were cultured in Lewis lung carcinoma cell line LL-2-derived conditioned medium (LL-2-CM). Proliferation, migration, and polarization of BMDMs were tested by CCK8, scratch test, transwell, and flow cytometry. Secretion of several cytokines were detected by ELISA or cytometric bead array. To further explore the underlying mechanisms, BMDMs cultured in LL-2-CM were harvested for RNA-seq. Cytosolic calcium was detected by calcium probe Fluo-4-AM. Western blot was applied to exam the activation of NF-κB signal. BAPTA-AM was applied to sequestrate cytosolic calcium to further investigate the relationship between calcium and NF-κB signal. The polarization, calcium alteration, and NF-κB signal activation were further validated in BMDMs treated by CMT-64-derived conditioned medium (CMT-64-CM). RESULTS LL-2-CM promoted proliferation, migration, and M2-like polarization of BMDMs and inhibited M1-like polarization of BMDMs. However two pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-[Formula: see text] (TNF-[Formula: see text]) were secreted. RNA-seq indicated that LL-2-CM activated both canonical and non-canonical NF-κB signal in BMDMs. Western blot showed that canonical NF-κB was temporarily elicited and attenuated at 24 h, while non-canonical NF-κB was consistently activated. At the same time, expression of genes that regulate cytosolic calcium ion concentration were down regulated, which caused diminution of cytosolic calcium in BMDMs treated with LL-2-CM. The decreased cytosolic calcium, M2-like polarization, and NF-κB activation was also observed in CMT-64-CM treated BMDMs. On the contrary, elevated cytosolic calcium was observed during M1-like polarization of BMDMs elicited by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Interestingly, administration of calcium chelator, BAPTA-AM, impeded activation of canonical NF-κB and expression of M1-like marker induced by LPS, which further confirmed the relationship between cytosolic calcium and canonical NF-κB signal. CONCLUSIONS In summary, lung cancer cell-derived conditioned medium promoted migration, proliferation, and M2-like polarization of BMDMs. The suppressed M1-like polarization was achieved through mitigating canonical NF-κB pathway via diminishing cytosolic calcium concentration. As far as we know, our work firstly revealed that cytosolic calcium is the key during inhibition of canonical NF-κB and M1-like polarization in macrophages by tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
- Gastric and Colorectal Surgery Division, Department of General Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, No. 10, Changjiangzhilu, Daping, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiuyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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Zwilling E, Reggiori F. Membrane Contact Sites in Autophagy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233813. [PMID: 36497073 PMCID: PMC9735501 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotes utilize different communication strategies to coordinate processes between different cellular compartments either indirectly, through vesicular transport, or directly, via membrane contact sites (MCSs). MCSs have been implicated in lipid metabolism, calcium signaling and the regulation of organelle biogenesis in various cell types. Several studies have shown that MCSs play a crucial role in the regulation of macroautophagy, an intracellular catabolic transport route that is characterized by the delivery of cargoes (proteins, protein complexes or aggregates, organelles and pathogens) to yeast and plant vacuoles or mammalian lysosomes, for their degradation and recycling into basic metabolites. Macroautophagy is characterized by the de novo formation of double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes, and their biogenesis requires an enormous amount of lipids. MCSs appear to have a central role in this supply, as well as in the organization of the autophagy-related (ATG) machinery. In this review, we will summarize the evidence for the participation of specific MCSs in autophagosome formation, with a focus on the budding yeast and mammalian systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Zwilling
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 4, 8000C Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 4, 8000C Aarhus, Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 6B, 8000C Aarhus, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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40
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Condensing power of Ca 2. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:775. [PMID: 36261591 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00552-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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