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Veronese M, Kallabis S, Kaczmarek AT, Das A, Robers L, Schumacher S, Lofrano A, Brodesser S, Müller S, Hofmann K, Krüger M, Rugarli EI. ERLIN1/2 scaffolds bridge TMUB1 and RNF170 and restrict cholesterol esterification to regulate the secretory pathway. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402620. [PMID: 38782601 PMCID: PMC11116810 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Complexes of ERLIN1 and ERLIN2 (ER lipid raft-associated 1 and 2) form large ring-like cup-shaped structures on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane and serve as platforms to bind cholesterol and E3 ubiquitin ligases, potentially defining functional nanodomains. Here, we show that ERLIN scaffolds mediate the interaction between the full-length isoform of TMUB1 (transmembrane and ubiquitin-like domain-containing 1) and RNF170 (RING finger protein 170). We identify a luminal N-terminal conserved region in TMUB1 and RNF170, which is required for this interaction. Three-dimensional modelling shows that this conserved motif binds the stomatin/prohibitin/flotillin/HflKC domain of two adjacent ERLIN subunits at different interfaces. Protein variants that preclude these interactions have been previously linked to hereditary spastic paraplegia. Using omics-based approaches in combination with phenotypic characterization of HeLa cells lacking both ERLINs, we demonstrate a role of ERLIN scaffolds in limiting cholesterol esterification, thereby favouring cholesterol transport from the ER to the Golgi apparatus and regulating Golgi morphology and the secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Veronese
- https://ror.org/00rcxh774 Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kallabis
- https://ror.org/00rcxh774 Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Tobias Kaczmarek
- https://ror.org/00rcxh774 Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Anushka Das
- https://ror.org/00rcxh774 Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Lennart Robers
- https://ror.org/00rcxh774 Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Simon Schumacher
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alessia Lofrano
- https://ror.org/00rcxh774 Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanne Brodesser
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Müller
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Kay Hofmann
- https://ror.org/00rcxh774 Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- https://ror.org/00rcxh774 Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
- https://ror.org/00rcxh774 Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elena I Rugarli
- https://ror.org/00rcxh774 Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
- https://ror.org/00rcxh774 Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Grewal T, Nguyen MKL, Buechler C. Cholesterol and COVID-19-therapeutic opportunities at the host/virus interface during cell entry. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302453. [PMID: 38388172 PMCID: PMC10883773 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of vaccines to combat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections has been critical to reduce the severity of COVID-19. However, the continuous emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 subtypes highlights the need to develop additional approaches that oppose viral infections. Targeting host factors that support virus entry, replication, and propagation provide opportunities to lower SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and improve COVID-19 outcome. This includes cellular cholesterol, which is critical for viral spike proteins to capture the host machinery for SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. Once endocytosed, exit of SARS-CoV-2 from the late endosomal/lysosomal compartment occurs in a cholesterol-sensitive manner. In addition, effective release of new viral particles also requires cholesterol. Hence, cholesterol-lowering statins, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 antibodies, and ezetimibe have revealed potential to protect against COVID-19. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of cholesterol exiting late endosomes/lysosomes identified drug candidates, including antifungals, to block SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review describes the multiple roles of cholesterol at the cell surface and endolysosomes for SARS-CoV-2 entry and the potential of drugs targeting cholesterol homeostasis to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and COVID-19 disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grewal
- https://ror.org/0384j8v12 School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mai Khanh Linh Nguyen
- https://ror.org/0384j8v12 School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christa Buechler
- https://ror.org/01226dv09 Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
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Tsurutani N, Momose F, Ogawa K, Sano K, Morikawa Y. Intracellular trafficking of HIV-1 Gag via Syntaxin 6-positive compartments/vesicles: Involvement in tumor necrosis factor secretion. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105687. [PMID: 38280430 PMCID: PMC10891346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 Gag protein is synthesized in the cytosol and is transported to the plasma membrane, where viral particle assembly and budding occur. Endosomes are alternative sites of Gag accumulation. However, the intracellular transport pathways and carriers for Gag have not been clarified. We show here that Syntaxin6 (Syx6), a soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) involved in membrane fusion in post-Golgi networks, is a molecule responsible for Gag trafficking and also for tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) secretion and that Gag and TNFα are cotransported via Syx6-positive compartments/vesicles. Confocal and live-cell imaging revealed that Gag colocalized and cotrafficked with Syx6, a fraction of which localizes in early and recycling endosomes. Syx6 knockdown reduced HIV-1 particle production, with Gag distributed diffusely throughout the cytoplasm. Coimmunoprecipitation and pulldown show that Gag binds to Syx6, but not its SNARE partners or their assembly complexes, suggesting that Gag preferentially binds free Syx6. The Gag matrix domain and the Syx6 SNARE domain are responsible for the interaction and cotrafficking. In immune cells, Syx6 knockdown/knockout similarly impaired HIV-1 production. Interestingly, HIV-1 infection facilitated TNFα secretion, and this enhancement did not occur in Syx6-depleted cells. Confocal and live-cell imaging revealed that TNFα and Gag partially colocalized and were cotransported via Syx6-positive compartments/vesicles. Biochemical analyses indicate that TNFα directly binds the C-terminal domain of Syx6. Altogether, our data provide evidence that both Gag and TNFα make use of Syx6-mediated trafficking machinery and suggest that Gag expression does not inhibit but rather facilitates TNFα secretion in HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Tsurutani
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Momose
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Ogawa
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouichi Sano
- Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Morikawa
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Erol S, Zırh S, Bozdag G, Sokmensuer LK, Muftuoglu SF. In vitro evaluation of exocytosis-associated SNARE molecules in human granulosa cells in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024; 41:49-61. [PMID: 37993579 PMCID: PMC10789710 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-02967-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) make up 20% cases for assisted reproductive technology (ART). Folliculogenesis is impaired in PCOS. Signaling molecules are involved in follicle development. Dysregulations of intrafollicular environment and signaling molecules are observed in PCOS. Granulosa cells (GCs) and oocytes secrete molecules into follicular fluid by exocytosis of SNAREs. The aim of this study is to evaluate vesicle transport and vesicle fusion proteins (SNAREs) in GCs from PCOS patients who have undergone IVF treatment. METHODS Follicular fluids were collected from patients who undergo IVF/ICSI with the diagnosis of male factor (n = 10) and PCOS (n = 10) patients. GCs were separated and cultured. Each group of GCs was stimulated with FSH-hCG. The cells were examined under electron microscope. Immunofluorescent labeling was performed on cells for Stx6, SNAP25, StxBP1, FSHr, and KITL. Integrated density was analyzed from images of Stx6, SNAP25, StxBP1, FSHr, and KITL. RESULTS Intercellular communication occurs by signal molecules; Stx6, SNAP25, and StxBP1 fusion proteins involved in exocytosis were decreased in the GCs of PCOS. There was no increase in in vitro stimulation with FSH-hCG either. In the electron microscope, it was observed that exocytosis of the vesicles was disrupted. CONCLUSIONS Exocytosis and vesicular dynamics are among the basic physiological functions of human steroidogenic granulosa cells. Follicle development is necessary for production of competent oocytes and ovulation. Understanding the pathophysiology of PCOS at follicular level is important for disease management. According to our findings, deficits in vesicular dynamics of human granulosa cells in may be central to the treatment strategy for PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleyman Erol
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selim Zırh
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gurkan Bozdag
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Lale Karakoc Sokmensuer
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevda F Muftuoglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Puspitasari YM, Ministrini S, Liberale L, Vukolic A, Baumann-Zumstein P, Holy EW, Montecucco F, Lüscher TF, Camici GG. Antibody-mediated PCSK9 neutralization worsens outcome after bare-metal stent implantation in mice. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 153:107170. [PMID: 37659608 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Despite advances in pharmacotherapy and device innovation, in-stent restenosis (ISR) and stent thrombosis (ST) remain serious complications following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedure with stent implantation. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is an enzyme involved in plasma cholesterol homeostasis and recently emerged as a therapeutic target for hypercholesterolemia. Antibody-based PCSK9 inhibition is increasingly used in different subsets of patients, including those undergoing PCI. However, whether PCSK9 inhibition affects outcome after stent implantation remains unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS 12 to 14 weeks old C57Bl/6 mice underwent carotid artery bare-metal stent implantation. Compared to sham intervention, stent implantation was associated with increased expression of several inflammatory mediators, including PCSK9. The increase in PCSK9 protein expression was confirmed in the stented vascular tissue, but not in plasma. To inhibit PCSK9, alirocumab was administered weekly to mice before stent implantation. After 6 weeks, histological examination revealed increased intimal hyperplasia in the stented segment of alirocumab-treated animals compared to controls. In vitro, alirocumab promoted migration and inhibited the onset of senescence in primary human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Conversely, it blunted the migration and increased the senescence of endothelial cells (EC). CONCLUSION Antibody-based PCSK9 inhibition promotes in-stent intimal hyperplasia and blunts vascular healing by increasing VSMC migration, while reducing that of EC. This effect is likely mediated, at least in part, by a differential effect on VSMC and EC senescence. The herein-reported data warrant additional investigations concerning the use of PCSK9 inhibitors in patients undergoing PCI with stent implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefano Ministrini
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland; Internal Medicine, Angiology and Atherosclerosis, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Liberale
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ana Vukolic
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | - Erik W Holy
- Department of Angiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland; Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals and National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni G Camici
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland; Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Lee D, Hong JH. Niemann-Pick Disease Type C (NPDC) by Mutation of NPC1 and NPC2: Aberrant Lysosomal Cholesterol Trafficking and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2021. [PMID: 38136141 PMCID: PMC10740957 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol trafficking is initiated by the endocytic pathway and transported from endo/lysosomes to other intracellular organelles. Deficiencies in cholesterol-sensing and binding proteins NPC1 and NPC2 induce accumulation in lysosomes and the malfunction of trafficking to other organelles. Each organelle possesses regulatory factors to induce cholesterol trafficking. The mutation of NPC1 and NPC2 genes induces Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPDC), which is a hereditary disease and causes progressive neurodegeneration, developmental disability, hypotonia, and ataxia. Oxidative stress induces damage in NPDC-related intracellular organelles. Although studies on the relationship between NPDC and oxidation are relatively rare, several studies have reported the therapeutic potential of antioxidants in treating NPDC. Investigating antioxidant drugs to relieve oxidative stress and cholesterol accumulation is suggested to be a powerful tool for developing treatments for NPDC. Understanding NPDC provides challenging issues in understanding the oxidative stress-lysosome metabolism of the lipid axis. Thus, we elucidated the relationship between complexes of intracellular organelles and NPDC to develop our knowledge and suggested potential antioxidant reagents for NPDC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeong Hee Hong
- Department of Health Sciences & Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, 155 Getbeolro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea;
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7
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Liu X, Lv M, Zhang W, Zhan Q. Dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism in cancer progression. Oncogene 2023; 42:3289-3302. [PMID: 37773204 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02836-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol homeostasis has been implicated in the regulation of cellular and body metabolism. Hence, deregulated cholesterol homeostasis leads to the development of many diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases, among others. Recent studies have unveiled the connection between abnormal cholesterol metabolism and cancer development. Cholesterol homeostasis at the cellular level dynamically circulates between synthesis, influx, efflux, and esterification. Any dysregulation of this dynamic process disrupts cholesterol homeostasis and its derivatives, which potentially contributes to tumor progression. There is also evidence that cancer-related signals, which promote malignant progression, also regulate cholesterol metabolism. Here, we described the relationship between cholesterol metabolism and cancer hallmarks, with particular focus on the molecular mechanisms, and the anticancer drugs that target cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
- Research Unit of Molecular Cancer Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021, China
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Mengzhu Lv
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
- Research Unit of Molecular Cancer Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
- Research Unit of Molecular Cancer Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021, China.
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Qimin Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
- Research Unit of Molecular Cancer Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021, China.
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
- Soochow University Cancer Institute, Suzhou, 215127, China.
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Mohammadalipour A, Showalter CA, Muturi HT, Farnoud AM, Najjar SM, Burdick MM. Cholesterol depletion decreases adhesion of non-small cell lung cancer cells to E-selectin. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C471-C482. [PMID: 37399498 PMCID: PMC10511166 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00197.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Lipid microdomains, ordered membrane phases containing cholesterol and glycosphingolipids, play an essential role in cancer cell adhesion and ultimately metastasis. Notably, elevated levels of cholesterol-rich lipid microdomains are found in cancer cells relative to their normal counterparts. Therefore, alterations of lipid microdomains through cholesterol modulation could be used as a strategy to prevent cancer metastasis. In this study, methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MβCD), sphingomyelinase (SMase), and simvastatin (Simva) were used to investigate the effects of cholesterol on the adhesive behaviors of four non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines (H1299, H23, H460, and A549) and a small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell line (SHP-77) on E-selectin, a vascular endothelial molecule that initiates circulating tumor cell recruitment at metastatic sites. Under hemodynamic flow conditions, the number of adherent NSCLC cells on E-selectin significantly decreased by MβCD and Simva treatments, whereas SMase treatment did not show a significant effect. Significant increases in rolling velocities were detected only for H1299 and H23 cells after MβCD treatment. In contrast, cholesterol depletion did not affect SCLC cell attachment and rolling velocities. Moreover, cholesterol depletion by MβCD and Simva induced CD44 shedding and resulted in an enhanced membrane fluidity in the NSCLC cells, whereas it did not affect the membrane fluidity of the SCLC cells which lacked detectable expression of CD44. Our finding suggests that cholesterol regulates the E-selectin-mediated adhesion of NSCLC cells by redistributing the CD44 glycoprotein and thus modulating the membrane fluidity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study investigates the effects of cholesterol on the adhesive behaviors of lung cancer cells in recruitment at metastatic sites. Using cholesterol-modulating compounds, we found that reducing cholesterol decreases the adhesion of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells while having no significant effect on small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. The study suggests that cholesterol regulates NSCLC cell metastasis by redistributing the adhesion proteins on the cells and modulating cells' membrane fluidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Mohammadalipour
- Department of Physics and Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Christian A Showalter
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
| | - Harrison T Muturi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
| | - Amir M Farnoud
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
| | - Sonia M Najjar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
- Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
| | - Monica M Burdick
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
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Jorgenson LM, Knight L, Widner RE, Rucks EA. Eukaryotic Clathrin Adapter Protein and Mediator of Cholesterol Homeostasis, PICALM, Affects Trafficking to the Chlamydial Inclusion. Mol Cell Biol 2023; 43:1-13. [PMID: 36779337 PMCID: PMC9980547 DOI: 10.1080/10985549.2023.2171695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The obligate intracellular pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis has unique metabolic requirements as it proceeds through its biphasic developmental cycle from within the inclusion within the host cell. In our previous study, we identified a host protein, PICALM, which localizes to the chlamydial inclusion. PICALM functions in many host pathways including the recycling of receptors, specific SNARE proteins, and molecules like transferrin, and maintaining cholesterol homeostasis. Hence, we hypothesized that PICALM functions to maintain the cholesterol content and to moderate trafficking from the endosomal recycling pathway to the inclusion, which controls chlamydial access to this pathway. In uninfected cells, siRNA knockdown of PICALM resulted in increased cholesterol within the Golgi and transferrin receptor (TfR) positive vesicles (recycling endosomes). PICALM knockdown in cells infected with C. trachomatis resulted in increased levels of Golgi-derived lipid and protein, TfR, transferrin, and Rab11-FIP1 localized to inclusions and a decrease of Golgi fragmentation at and Rab11 trafficking to the inclusion. Interestingly, chlamydial infection alone also increases cholesterol in TfR and Rab11-associated vesicles, and PICALM knockdown reverses this effect. Our data suggest that PICALM functions to balance or limit chlamydial access to multiple subcellular trafficking pathways to maintain the health of the host cell during chlamydial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Jorgenson
- UNeMed Corporation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Lindsey Knight
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Ray E. Widner
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Rucks
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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10
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Ondari E, Wilkins A, Latimer B, Dragoi AM, Ivanov SS. Cellular cholesterol licenses Legionella pneumophila intracellular replication in macrophages. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2023; 10:1-17. [PMID: 36636491 PMCID: PMC9806796 DOI: 10.15698/mic2023.01.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Host membranes are inherently critical for niche homeostasis of vacuolar pathogens. Thus, intracellular bacteria frequently encode the capacity to regulate host lipogenesis as well as to modulate the lipid composition of host membranes. One membrane component that is often subverted by vacuolar bacteria is cholesterol - an abundant lipid that mammalian cells produce de novo at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or acquire exogenously from serum-derived lipoprotein carriers. Legionella pneumophila is an accidental human bacterial pathogen that infects and replicates within alveolar macrophages causing a severe atypical pneumonia known as Legionnaires' disease. From within a unique ER-derived vacuole L. pneumophila promotes host lipogenesis and experimental evidence indicates that cholesterol production might be one facet of this response. Here we investigated the link between cellular cholesterol and L. pneumophila intracellular replication and discovered that disruption of cholesterol biosynthesis or cholesterol trafficking lowered bacterial replication in infected cells. These growth defects were rescued by addition of exogenous cholesterol. Conversely, bacterial growth within cholesterol-leaden macrophages was enhanced. Importantly, the growth benefit of cholesterol was observed strictly in cellular infections and L. pneumophila growth kinetics in axenic cultures did not change in the presence of cholesterol. Microscopy analyses indicate that cholesterol regulates a step in L. pneumophila intracellular lifecycle that occurs after bacteria begin to replicate within an established intracellular niche. Collectively, we provide experimental evidence that cellular cholesterol promotes L. pneumophila replication within a membrane bound organelle in infected macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna Ondari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130
| | - Ashley Wilkins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130
| | - Brian Latimer
- Innovative North Louisiana Experimental Therapeutics program (INLET), Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130
| | - Ana-Maria Dragoi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130.,Innovative North Louisiana Experimental Therapeutics program (INLET), Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130
| | - Stanimir S. Ivanov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130.,* Corresponding Author: Stanimir S. Ivanov, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130; E-mail:
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Enrich C, Lu A, Tebar F, Rentero C, Grewal T. Ca 2+ and Annexins - Emerging Players for Sensing and Transferring Cholesterol and Phosphoinositides via Membrane Contact Sites. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1422:393-438. [PMID: 36988890 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21547-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining lipid composition diversity in membranes from different organelles is critical for numerous cellular processes. However, many lipids are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and require delivery to other organelles. In this scenario, formation of membrane contact sites (MCS) between neighbouring organelles has emerged as a novel non-vesicular lipid transport mechanism. Dissecting the molecular composition of MCS identified phosphoinositides (PIs), cholesterol, scaffolding/tethering proteins as well as Ca2+ and Ca2+-binding proteins contributing to MCS functioning. Compelling evidence now exists for the shuttling of PIs and cholesterol across MCS, affecting their concentrations in distinct membrane domains and diverse roles in membrane trafficking. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) at the plasma membrane (PM) not only controls endo-/exocytic membrane dynamics but is also critical in autophagy. Cholesterol is highly concentrated at the PM and enriched in recycling endosomes and Golgi membranes. MCS-mediated cholesterol transfer is intensely researched, identifying MCS dysfunction or altered MCS partnerships to correlate with de-regulated cellular cholesterol homeostasis and pathologies. Annexins, a conserved family of Ca2+-dependent phospholipid binding proteins, contribute to tethering and untethering events at MCS. In this chapter, we will discuss how Ca2+ homeostasis and annexins in the endocytic compartment affect the sensing and transfer of cholesterol and PIs across MCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Enrich
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel⋅lular, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Albert Lu
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel⋅lular, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Tebar
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel⋅lular, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Rentero
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel⋅lular, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Grewal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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12
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Li W, Li K, Wei H, Sun Y, Liao Y, Zou Y, Chen X, Deng C, Chen S, He Y, Huo M, Zhang C. Syntaxin-6, a Reliable Biomarker for Predicting the Prognosis of Patients with Cancer and the Effectiveness of Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010027. [PMID: 36612024 PMCID: PMC9817965 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Syntaxin-6 (STX6), a vesicular transport protein, is a direct target of the tumor suppressor gene P53, supporting cancer growth dependent on P53. However, STX6's function in the tumor microenvironment has yet to be reported. In this research, we comprehensively explored the role of the oncogene STX6 in pan-cancer by combining data from several databases, including the Cancer Genome Atlas, CPTAC, cBioPortal, and TIMER. Then, we verified the carcinogenic effect of STX6 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) through a series of experiments in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that STX6 is an oncogene for several cancers and is mainly involved in the cell cycle, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, oxidative phosphorylation, and tumor immune modulation, especially for tumor-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and NKT cells. Additionally, a high level of STX6 could indicate patients' resistance to immunotherapy. Our own data indicated that the STX6 level was upregulated in HCC and CRC. Knockdown of the STX6 levels could arrest the cell cycle and restrain cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. RNA-seq indicated that STX6 was significantly involved in pathways for cancer, such as the MAPK signal pathway. In a mouse model, knockdown of STX6 inhibited tumor growth and potentiated anti-PD-1 efficacy. In light of the essential roles STX6 plays in carcinogenesis and cancer immunology, it has the potential to be a predictive biomarker and a target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Li
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Kuan Li
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Hongfa Wei
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yangjing Liao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yuan Zou
- Department of Pathology, Southern Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Xiancong Chen
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Cuncan Deng
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Songyao Chen
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yulong He
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Mingyu Huo
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (C.Z.)
| | - Changhua Zhang
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (C.Z.)
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13
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Human Cytomegalovirus Manipulates Syntaxin 6 for Successful Trafficking and Subsequent Infection of Monocytes. J Virol 2022; 96:e0081922. [PMID: 35862696 PMCID: PMC9327712 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00819-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) exhibits a complex host-pathogen interaction with peripheral blood monocytes. We have identified a unique, cell-type specific retrograde-like intracellular trafficking pattern that HCMV utilizes to gain access to the monocyte nucleus and for productive infection. We show that infection of primary human monocytes, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts leads to an increase in the amount of the trafficking protein Syntaxin 6 (Stx6). However, only knockdown (KD) of Stx6 in monocytes inhibited viral trafficking to the trans-Golgi network (TGN), a requisite step for nuclear translocation in monocytes. Conversely, KD of Stx6 in epithelial cells and fibroblasts did not change the kinetics of nuclear translocation and productive infection. Stx6 predominantly functions at the level of the TGN where it facilitates retrograde transport, a trafficking pathway used by only a few cellular proteins and seldom by pathogens. We also newly identify that in monocytes, Stx6 exhibits an irregular vesicular localization rather than being concentrated at the TGN as seen in other cell-types. Lastly, we implicate that viral particles that associate with both Stx6 and EEA1 early in infection are the viral population that successfully traffics to the TGN at later time points and undergo nuclear translocation. Additionally, we show for the first time that HCMV enters the TGN, and that lack of Stx6 prevents viral trafficking to this organelle. We argue that we have identified an essential cell-type specific regulator that controls early steps in efficient productive infection of a cell-type required for viral persistence and disease. IMPORTANCE Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection causes severe and often fatal disease in the immunocompromised. It is one of the leading infectious causes of birth defects and causes severe complications in transplant recipients. By uncovering the unique pathways used by the virus to infect key cells, such as monocytes, responsible for dissemination and persistence, we provide new potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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14
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Margiotta A. Membrane Fusion and SNAREs: Interaction with Ras Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158067. [PMID: 35897641 PMCID: PMC9330862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The superfamily of Ras proteins comprises different molecules belonging to the GTPase family. They normally cycle between an active state bound to GTP which activates effectors while the protein is membrane-associated, and an inactive GDP-bound state. They regulate the intracellular trafficking and other cellular processes. The family of Rab proteins includes several members and they have been found, among other Ras proteins, to be fundamental for important biological processes, such as endocytosis and exocytosis. SNARE proteins control the fusion of vesicles by forming quaternary complexes which are divided into two small groups on the two different compartments. Generally, the association of three SNARE proteins on the donor compartment with the one on the target compartment determines the formation of the SNARE complex, the opening of the fusion pore and the formation of one single bigger vesicle. Interestingly, novel interactions between other molecules involved in intracellular trafficking, endosomal fusion and maturation have recently been found, such as the interaction between invariant chain and the Qb SNARE vti1b, and more functional connections between Rab proteins and SNAREs are supposed to be fundamental for the regulation of membrane fusion.
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15
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Linking Late Endosomal Cholesterol with Cancer Progression and Anticancer Drug Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137206. [PMID: 35806209 PMCID: PMC9267071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells undergo drastic metabolic adaptions to cover increased bioenergetic needs, contributing to resistance to therapies. This includes a higher demand for cholesterol, which often coincides with elevated cholesterol uptake from low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and overexpression of the LDL receptor in many cancers. This implies the need for cancer cells to accommodate an increased delivery of LDL along the endocytic pathway to late endosomes/lysosomes (LE/Lys), providing a rapid and effective distribution of LDL-derived cholesterol from LE/Lys to other organelles for cholesterol to foster cancer growth and spread. LDL-cholesterol exported from LE/Lys is facilitated by Niemann–Pick Type C1/2 (NPC1/2) proteins, members of the steroidogenic acute regulatory-related lipid transfer domain (StARD) and oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) families. In addition, lysosomal membrane proteins, small Rab GTPases as well as scaffolding proteins, including annexin A6 (AnxA6), contribute to regulating cholesterol egress from LE/Lys. Here, we summarize current knowledge that links upregulated activity and expression of cholesterol transporters and related proteins in LE/Lys with cancer growth, progression and treatment outcomes. Several mechanisms on how cellular distribution of LDL-derived cholesterol from LE/Lys influences cancer cell behavior are reviewed, some of those providing opportunities for treatment strategies to reduce cancer progression and anticancer drug resistance.
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16
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Ariano C, Riganti C, Corà D, Valdembri D, Mana G, Astanina E, Serini G, Bussolino F, Doronzo G. TFEB controls integrin-mediated endothelial cell adhesion by the regulation of cholesterol metabolism. Angiogenesis 2022; 25:471-492. [PMID: 35545719 PMCID: PMC9519734 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-022-09840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic integrin-mediated adhesion of endothelial cells (ECs) to the surrounding ECM is fundamental for angiogenesis both in physiological and pathological conditions, such as embryonic development and cancer progression. The dynamics of EC-to-ECM adhesions relies on the regulation of the conformational activation and trafficking of integrins. Here, we reveal that oncogenic transcription factor EB (TFEB), a known regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and metabolism, also controls a transcriptional program that influences the turnover of ECM adhesions in ECs by regulating cholesterol metabolism. We show that TFEB favors ECM adhesion turnover by promoting the transcription of genes that drive the synthesis of cholesterol, which promotes the aggregation of caveolin-1, and the caveolin-dependent endocytosis of integrin β1. These findings suggest that TFEB might represent a novel target for the pharmacological control of pathological angiogenesis and bring new insights in the mechanism sustaining TFEB control of endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Ariano
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute- FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Davide Corà
- Department of Translational Medicine, Piemonte Orientale University, Novara, Italy.,Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases-CAAD, Novara, Italy
| | - Donatella Valdembri
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute- FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Giulia Mana
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute- FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Elena Astanina
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute- FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Guido Serini
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute- FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Federico Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy. .,Candiolo Cancer Institute- FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Doronzo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy. .,Candiolo Cancer Institute- FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
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17
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Acat1/Soat1 knockout extends the mutant Npc1 mouse lifespan and ameliorates functional deficiencies in multiple organelles of mutant cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2201646119. [PMID: 35507892 PMCID: PMC9170141 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2201646119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPCD) is an incurable genetic neurological disorder. Cells with NPC mutations fail to export cholesterol from endosomal organelle to multiple other organelles. ACAT1 is an enzyme that converts cholesterol to cholesteryl esters for storage. In mutant NPC cells, cholesterol storage still occurs, although at reduced rate. Here we show that in mutant NPC cells, ACAT1 blockade (A1B) decreases cholesterol storage such that it can be utilized to fulfill cholesterol needs in multiple organelles. In mutant NPC1 mice, Acat1 gene knockout reduces pathological onset and prolongs the lifespan by 34%. This work identifies ACAT1 as a target to treat NPCD and may help to explain why A1B has been reported to ameliorate preclinical models for Alzheimer’s disease. Multiple membrane organelles require cholesterol for proper function within cells. The Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) proteins export cholesterol from endosomes to other membrane compartments, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), plasma membrane (PM), trans-Golgi network (TGN), and mitochondria, to meet their cholesterol requirements. Defects in NPC cause malfunctions in multiple membrane organelles and lead to an incurable neurological disorder. Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1), a resident enzyme in the ER, converts cholesterol to cholesteryl esters for storage. In mutant NPC cells, cholesterol storage still occurs in an NPC-independent manner. Here we report the interesting finding that in a mutant Npc1 mouse (Npc1nmf), Acat1 gene (Soat1) knockout delayed the onset of weight loss, motor impairment, and Purkinje neuron death. It also improved hepatosplenic pathology and prolonged lifespan by 34%. In mutant NPC1 fibroblasts, ACAT1 blockade (A1B) increased cholesterol content associated with TGN-rich membranes and mitochondria, while decreased cholesterol content associated with late endosomes. A1B also restored proper localization of syntaxin 6 and golgin 97 (key proteins in membrane trafficking at TGN) and improved the levels of cathepsin D (a key protease in lysosome and requires Golgi/endosome transport for maturation) and ABCA1 (a key protein controlling cholesterol release at PM). This work supports the hypothesis that diverting cholesterol from storage can benefit multiple diseases that involve cholesterol deficiencies in cell membranes.
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18
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Raftopulos NL, Washaya TC, Niederprüm A, Egert A, Hakeem-Sanni MF, Varney B, Aishah A, Georgieva ML, Olsson E, Dos Santos DZ, Nassar ZD, Cochran BJ, Nagarajan SR, Kakani MS, Hastings JF, Croucher DR, Rye KA, Butler LM, Grewal T, Hoy AJ. Prostate cancer cell proliferation is influenced by LDL-cholesterol availability and cholesteryl ester turnover. Cancer Metab 2022; 10:1. [PMID: 35033184 PMCID: PMC8760736 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-021-00278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer growth is driven by androgen receptor signaling, and advanced disease is initially treatable by depleting circulating androgens. However, prostate cancer cells inevitably adapt, resulting in disease relapse with incurable castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Androgen deprivation therapy has many side effects, including hypercholesterolemia, and more aggressive and castrate-resistant prostate cancers typically feature cellular accumulation of cholesterol stored in the form of cholesteryl esters. As cholesterol is a key substrate for de novo steroidogenesis in prostate cells, this study hypothesized that castrate-resistant/advanced prostate cancer cell growth is influenced by the availability of extracellular, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-derived, cholesterol, which is coupled to intracellular cholesteryl ester homeostasis. METHODS C4-2B and PC3 prostate cancer cells were cultured in media supplemented with fetal calf serum (FCS), charcoal-stripped FCS (CS-FCS), lipoprotein-deficient FCS (LPDS), or charcoal-stripped LPDS (CS-LPDS) and analyzed by a variety of biochemical techniques. Cell viability and proliferation were measured by MTT assay and Incucyte, respectively. RESULTS Reducing lipoprotein availability led to a reduction in cholesteryl ester levels and cell growth in C4-2B and PC3 cells, with concomitant reductions in PI3K/mTOR and p38MAPK signaling. This reduced growth in LPDS-containing media was fully recovered by supplementation of exogenous low-density lipoprotein (LDL), but LDL only partially rescued growth of cells cultured with CS-LPDS. This growth pattern was not associated with changes in androgen receptor signaling but rather increased p38MAPK and MEK1/ERK/MSK1 activation. The ability of LDL supplementation to rescue cell growth required cholesterol esterification as well as cholesteryl ester hydrolysis activity. Further, growth of cells cultured in low androgen levels (CS-FCS) was suppressed when cholesteryl ester hydrolysis was inhibited. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these studies demonstrate that androgen-independent prostate cancer cell growth can be influenced by extracellular lipid levels and LDL-cholesterol availability and that uptake of extracellular cholesterol, through endocytosis of LDL-derived cholesterol and subsequent delivery and storage in the lipid droplet as cholesteryl esters, is required to support prostate cancer cell growth. This provides new insights into the relationship between extracellular cholesterol, intracellular cholesterol metabolism, and prostate cancer cell growth and the potential mechanisms linking hypercholesterolemia and more aggressive prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki L Raftopulos
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tinashe C Washaya
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andreas Niederprüm
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antonia Egert
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mariam F Hakeem-Sanni
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bianca Varney
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Atqiya Aishah
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mariya L Georgieva
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ellinor Olsson
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Diandra Z Dos Santos
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Biotechnology Program/RENORBIO, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Zeyad D Nassar
- Adelaide Medical School and Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Blake J Cochran
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shilpa R Nagarajan
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Meghna S Kakani
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jordan F Hastings
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David R Croucher
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,St Vincent's Hospital Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lisa M Butler
- Adelaide Medical School and Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Thomas Grewal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew J Hoy
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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19
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Jose J, Hoque M, Engel J, Beevi SS, Wahba M, Georgieva MI, Murphy KJ, Hughes WE, Cochran BJ, Lu A, Tebar F, Hoy AJ, Timpson P, Rye KA, Enrich C, Rentero C, Grewal T. Annexin A6 and NPC1 regulate LDL-inducible cell migration and distribution of focal adhesions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:596. [PMID: 35022465 PMCID: PMC8755831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is considered indispensable for cell motility, but how physiological cholesterol pools enable cells to move forward remains to be clarified. The majority of cells obtain cholesterol from the uptake of Low-Density lipoproteins (LDL) and here we demonstrate that LDL stimulates A431 squamous epithelial carcinoma and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell migration and invasion. LDL also potentiated epidermal growth factor (EGF) -stimulated A431 cell migration as well as A431 invasion in 3-dimensional environments, using organotypic assays. Blocking cholesterol export from late endosomes (LE), using Niemann Pick Type C1 (NPC1) mutant cells, pharmacological NPC1 inhibition or overexpression of the annexin A6 (AnxA6) scaffold protein, compromised LDL-inducible migration and invasion. Nevertheless, NPC1 mutant cells established focal adhesions (FA) that contain activated focal adhesion kinase (pY397FAK, pY861FAK), vinculin and paxillin. Compared to controls, NPC1 mutants display increased FA numbers throughout the cell body, but lack LDL-inducible FA formation at cell edges. Strikingly, AnxA6 depletion in NPC1 mutant cells, which restores late endosomal cholesterol export in these cells, increases their cell motility and association of the cholesterol biosensor D4H with active FAK at cell edges, indicating that AnxA6-regulated transport routes contribute to cholesterol delivery to FA structures, thereby improving NPC1 mutant cell migratory behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimy Jose
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Monira Hoque
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Save Sight Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Johanna Engel
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Syed S Beevi
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,KIMS Foundation and Research Centre, KIMS Hospitals, 1-8-31/1, Minister Road, Secunderabad, Telangana, 500003, India
| | - Mohamed Wahba
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Mariya Ilieva Georgieva
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Kendelle J Murphy
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - William E Hughes
- Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Blake J Cochran
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Albert Lu
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cellular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Tebar
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cellular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew J Hoy
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Carlos Enrich
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cellular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Rentero
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cellular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Thomas Grewal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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20
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Shi Y, Ye Z, Lu G, Yang N, Zhang J, Wang L, Cui J, Del Pozo MA, Wu Y, Xia D, Shen HM. Cholesterol-enriched membrane micro-domaindeficiency induces doxorubicin resistancevia promoting autophagy in breast cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2021; 23:311-329. [PMID: 34786475 PMCID: PMC8573103 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance has become one of the largest challenges for cancer chemotherapies. Under certain conditions, cancer cells hijack autophagy to cope with therapeutic stress, which largely undermines the chemo-therapeutic efficacy. Currently, biomarkers indicative of autophagy-derived drug resistance remain largely inclusive. Here, we report a novel role of lipid rafts/cholesterol-enriched membrane micro-domains (CEMMs) in autophagosome biogenesis and doxorubicin resistance in breast tumors. We showed that CEMMs are required for the interaction of VAMP3 with syntaxin 6 (STX6, a cholesterol-binding SNARE protein). Upon disruption of CEMM, VAMP3 is released from STX6, resulting in the trafficking of ATG16L1-containing vesicles to recycling endosomes and subsequent autophagosome biogenesis. Furthermore, we found that CEMM marker CAV1 is decreased in breast cancer patients and that the CEMM deficiency-induced autophagy is related to doxorubicin resistance, which is overcome by autophagy inhibition. Taken together, we propose a novel model whereby CEMMs in recycling endosomes support the VAMP3 and STX6 interaction and function as barriers to limit the activity of VAMP3 in autophagic vesicle fusion, thus CEMM deficiency promotes autophagosome biogenesis and doxorubicin resistance in breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Shi
- Department of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Zu Ye
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 119077, Singapore.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
| | - Guang Lu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Naidi Yang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 119077, Singapore.,Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211800, China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Liming Wang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 119077, Singapore.,School of Biomedical Science, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianzhou Cui
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Miguel A Del Pozo
- Integrin Signaling Laboratory, Vascular Biology and Inflammation Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Yihua Wu
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health, and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dajing Xia
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health, and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 119077, Singapore.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
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21
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Qiu G, Zhang L, Gu Z, Ren H, Du Y, Li Z, Wang C. Preoperative Alkaline Phosphatase-to-Cholesterol Ratio as a Predictor of Overall Survival in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Patients Undergoing Radical Pancreaticoduodenectomy. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e931868. [PMID: 34599137 PMCID: PMC8493854 DOI: 10.12659/msm.931868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The value of alkaline phosphatase and cholesterol for predicting overall survival (OS) in cancer patients has been previously studied. However, the predictive value of these variables in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) was limited. Hence, we conducted this study to investigate the prognostic value of the alkaline phosphatase-to-cholesterol ratio (ACR) in patients undergoing radical pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for PDAC. Material/Methods A total of 102 PDAC patients undergoing radical PD at the Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were retrospectively enrolled based on medical records from June 2009 to June 2019. R programming language was used for the optimal cutoff value of biological markers such as preoperative ACR. Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used for univariate survival analysis, and a Cox regression model was used for multivariate survival analysis. Results The optimal cutoff value of preoperative ACR was 32.988. Patients with higher preoperative ACR values had worse OS (P<0.001). Higher preoperative ACR was significantly correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation (P<0.018); levels of alanine aminotransferase (P<0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (P<0.001), total bilirubin (P<0.001), and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (P=0.016); and clinical symptoms (P=0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that tumor differentiation (P<0.001), ACR value (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.225, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.33–3.724, P=0.002), and sex (HR, 1.725, 95% CI: 1.1–2.704, P=0.018) were independent factors associated with the prognosis of PDAC patients undergoing radical PD. Conclusions The preoperative ACR was correlated with OS in pancreatic cancer patients undergoing radical pancreaticoduodenectomy. Elevated ACR was correlated with poor OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guotong Qiu
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology and Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Lipeng Zhang
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology and Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Zongting Gu
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology and Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Hu Ren
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology and Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yongxing Du
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology and Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Zongze Li
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology and Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Chengfeng Wang
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology and Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (mainland)
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22
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Gouveia-Mageste BC, Martins LGC, Dal-Bianco M, Machado JPB, da Silva JCF, Kim AY, Yazaki J, dos Santos AA, Ecker JR, Fontes EPB. A plant-specific syntaxin-6 protein contributes to the intracytoplasmic route for the begomovirus CabLCV. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:158-173. [PMID: 34618135 PMCID: PMC8418432 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Because of limited free diffusion in the cytoplasm, viruses must use active transport mechanisms to move intracellularly. Nevertheless, how the plant single-stranded DNA begomoviruses hijack the host intracytoplasmic transport machinery to move from the nucleus to the plasmodesmata remains enigmatic. Here, we identified nuclear shuttle protein (NSP)-interacting proteins from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) by probing a protein microarray and demonstrated that the cabbage leaf curl virus NSP, a facilitator of the nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of viral (v)DNA, interacts in planta with an endosomal vesicle-localized, plant-specific syntaxin-6 protein, designated NSP-interacting syntaxin domain-containing protein (NISP). NISP displays a proviral function, unlike the syntaxin-6 paralog AT2G18860 that failed to interact with NSP. Consistent with these findings, nisp-1 mutant plants were less susceptible to begomovirus infection, a phenotype reversed by NISP complementation. NISP-overexpressing lines accumulated higher levels of vDNA than wild-type. Furthermore, NISP interacted with an NSP-interacting GTPase (NIG) involved in NSP-vDNA nucleocytoplasmic translocation. The NISP-NIG interaction was enhanced by NSP. We also showed that endosomal NISP associates with vDNA. NISP may function as a docking site for recruiting NIG and NSP into endosomes, providing a mechanism for the intracytoplasmic translocation of the NSP-vDNA complex toward and from the cell periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Castro Gouveia-Mageste
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Laura Gonçalves Costa Martins
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Maximiller Dal-Bianco
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-000, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-000, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Batista Machado
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-000, Brazil
- Agronomy Institute, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Florestal, Florestal, Minas Gerais 35690-000, Brazil
| | - José Cleydson Ferreira da Silva
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Alice Y. Kim
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Junshi Yazaki
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Anésia Aparecida dos Santos
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-000, Brazil
- Departament of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Joseph R. Ecker
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Plant Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute of Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Elizabeth Pacheco Batista Fontes
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-000, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-000, Brazil
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23
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Smuggle tau through a secret(ory) pathway. Biochem J 2021; 478:2921-2925. [PMID: 34319403 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Secretion of misfolded tau, a microtubule-binding protein enriched in nerve cells, is linked to the progression of tau pathology. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying tau secretion are poorly understood. Recent work by Lee et al. [Biochemical J. (2021) 478: 1471-1484] demonstrated that the transmembrane domains of syntaxin6 and syntaxin8 could be exploited for tau release, setting a stage for testing a novel hypothesis that has profound implications in tauopathies (e.g. Alzheimer's disease, FTDP-17, and CBD/PSP) and other related neurodegenerative diseases. The present commentary highlights the importance and limitations of the study, and discusses opportunities and directions for future investigations.
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24
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Takahashi K, Kanerva K, Vanharanta L, Almeida‐Souza L, Lietha D, Olkkonen VM, Ikonen E. ORP2 couples LDL-cholesterol transport to FAK activation by endosomal cholesterol/PI(4,5)P 2 exchange. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106871. [PMID: 34124795 PMCID: PMC8281050 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol delivery from late endosomes to the plasma membrane regulates focal adhesion dynamics and cell migration, but the mechanisms controlling it are poorly characterized. Here, we employed auxin-inducible rapid degradation of oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 2 (ORP2/OSBPL2) to show that endogenous ORP2 mediates the transfer of LDL-derived cholesterol from late endosomes to focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-/integrin-positive recycling endosomes in human cells. In vitro, cholesterol enhances membrane association of FAK to PI(4,5)P2 -containing lipid bilayers. In cells, ORP2 stimulates FAK activation and PI(4,5)P2 generation in endomembranes, enhancing cell adhesion. Moreover, ORP2 increases PI(4,5)P2 in NPC1-containing late endosomes in a FAK-dependent manner, controlling their tubulovesicular trafficking. Together, these results provide evidence that ORP2 controls FAK activation and LDL-cholesterol plasma membrane delivery by promoting bidirectional cholesterol/PI(4,5)P2 exchange between late and recycling endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohta Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research ProgramFaculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical ResearchHelsinkiFinland
- Present address:
Laboratory of Microbiology and ImmunologyGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Kristiina Kanerva
- Department of Anatomy and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research ProgramFaculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical ResearchHelsinkiFinland
| | - Lauri Vanharanta
- Department of Anatomy and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research ProgramFaculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical ResearchHelsinkiFinland
| | - Leonardo Almeida‐Souza
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Daniel Lietha
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB)Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Vesa M Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical ResearchHelsinkiFinland
| | - Elina Ikonen
- Department of Anatomy and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research ProgramFaculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical ResearchHelsinkiFinland
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25
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Song Y, Wu Y, Xu L, Jiang T, Tang C, Yin C. Caveolae-Mediated Endocytosis Drives Robust siRNA Delivery of Polymeric Nanoparticles to Macrophages. ACS NANO 2021; 15:8267-8282. [PMID: 33915044 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) remains challenging, and a profound understanding of the cellular uptake and intracellular processing of siRNA delivery systems could greatly improve the development of siRNA-based therapeutics. Here, we show that caveolae-mediated endocytosis (CvME) accounts for the robust siRNA delivery of mannose-modified trimethyl chitosan-cysteine/tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (MTC/TPP NPs) to macrophages by circumventing lysosomes. We show that the Golgi complex and ER are key organelles required for the efficient delivery of siRNA to macrophages in which the siRNA accumulation positively correlates with its silencing efficiency (r = 0.94). We also identify syntaxin6 and Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) as indispensable regulators for MTC/TPP NPs-delivered siRNA into macrophages both in vitro and in vivo. Syntaxin6 and NPC1 knockout substantially decrease the cellular uptake and gene silencing of the siRNA delivered in MTC/TPP NPs in macrophages, which result in poor therapeutic outcomes for mice bearing acute hepatic injury. Our results suggest that highly efficient siRNA delivery can be achieved via CvME, which would give ideas for designing optimal delivery vectors to facilitate the clinical translation of siRNA drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Lu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Ting Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Cui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Chunhua Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
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26
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Dłubek J, Rysz J, Jabłonowski Z, Gluba-Brzózka A, Franczyk B. The Correlation between Lipid Metabolism Disorders and Prostate Cancer. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2048-2061. [PMID: 32767911 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200806103744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer affecting the male population all over the world. The existence of a correlation between lipid metabolism disorders and cancer of the prostate gland has been widely known for a long time. According to hypotheses, cholesterol may contribute to prostate cancer progression as a result of its participation as a signaling molecule in prostate growth and differentiation via numerous biologic mechanisms including Akt signaling and de novo steroidogenesis. The results of some studies suggest that increased cholesterol levels may be associated with a higher risk of a more aggressive course of the disease. The aforementioned alterations in the synthesis of fatty acids are a unique feature of cancer and, therefore, constitute an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of prostate cancer. Pharmacological or gene therapy aims to reduce the activity of enzymes involved in de novo synthesis of fatty acids, FASN, ACLY (ATP citrate lyase) or SCD-1 (Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase) in particular, that may result in cells growth arrest. Nevertheless, not all cancers are unequivocally associated with hypocholesterolaemia. It cannot be ruled out that the relationship between prostate cancer and lipid disorders is not a direct quantitative correlation between carcinogenesis and the amount of circulating cholesterol. Perhaps the correspondence is more sophisticated and connected to the distribution of cholesterol fractions or even sub-fractions of e.g. HDL cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Dłubek
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Jabłonowski
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Gluba-Brzózka
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
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27
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The Antipsychotic Risperidone Alters Dihydroceramide and Ceramide Composition and Plasma Membrane Function in Leukocytes In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083919. [PMID: 33920193 PMCID: PMC8069118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Atypical or second-generation antipsychotics are used in the treatment of psychosis and behavioral problems in older persons with dementia. However, these pharmaceutical drugs are associated with an increased risk of stroke in such patients. In this study, we evaluated the effects of risperidone treatment on phospholipid and sphingolipid composition and lipid raft function in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of older patients (mean age >88 years). The results showed that the levels of dihydroceramides, very-long-chain ceramides, and lysophosphatidylcholines decreased in PBMCs of the risperidone-treated group compared with untreated controls. These findings were confirmed by in vitro assays using human THP-1 monocytes. The reduction in the levels of very-long-chain ceramides and dihydroceramides could be due to the decrease in the expression of fatty acid elongase 3, as observed in THP-1 monocytes. Moreover, risperidone disrupted lipid raft domains in the plasma membrane of PBMCs. These results indicated that risperidone alters phospholipid and sphingolipid composition and lipid raft domains in PBMCs of older patients, potentially affecting multiple signaling pathways associated with these membrane domains.
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28
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Eukaryotic SNARE VAMP3 Dynamically Interacts with Multiple Chlamydial Inclusion Membrane Proteins. Infect Immun 2021; 89:IAI.00409-20. [PMID: 33229367 PMCID: PMC7822134 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00409-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis, an obligate intracellular pathogen, undergoes a biphasic developmental cycle within a membrane-bound vacuole called the chlamydial inclusion. To facilitate interactions with the host cell, Chlamydia modifies the inclusion membrane with type III secreted proteins, called Incs. Chlamydia trachomatis, an obligate intracellular pathogen, undergoes a biphasic developmental cycle within a membrane-bound vacuole called the chlamydial inclusion. To facilitate interactions with the host cell, Chlamydia modifies the inclusion membrane with type III secreted proteins, called Incs. As with all chlamydial proteins, Incs are temporally expressed, modifying the chlamydial inclusion during the early and mid-developmental cycle. VAMP3 and VAMP4 are eukaryotic SNARE proteins that mediate membrane fusion and are recruited to the inclusion to facilitate inclusion expansion. Their recruitment requires de novo chlamydial protein synthesis during the mid-developmental cycle. Thus, we hypothesize that VAMP3 and VAMP4 are recruited by Incs. In chlamydia-infected cells, identifying Inc binding partners for SNARE proteins specifically has been elusive. To date, most studies examining chlamydial Inc and eukaryotic proteins have benefitted from stable interacting partners or a robust interaction at a specific time postinfection. While these types of interactions are the predominant class that have been identified, they are likely the exception to chlamydia-host interactions. Therefore, we applied two separate but complementary experimental systems to identify candidate chlamydial Inc binding partners for VAMPs. Based on these results, we created transformed strains of C. trachomatis serovar L2 to inducibly express a candidate Inc-FLAG protein. In chlamydia-infected cells, we found that five Incs temporally and transiently interact with VAMP3. Further, loss of incA or ct813 expression altered VAMP3 localization to the inclusion. For the first time, our studies demonstrate the transient nature of certain host protein-Inc interactions that contribute to the chlamydial developmental cycle.
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29
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Ehmsen S, Ditzel HJ. Signaling pathways essential for triple-negative breast cancer stem-like cells. Stem Cells 2020; 39:133-143. [PMID: 33211379 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of breast cancer stem cells (CSCs), a significant effort has been made to identify and characterize these cells. It is a generally believe that CSCs play an important role in cancer initiation, therapy resistance, and progression of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive breast cancer subtype with poor prognosis. Thus, therapies targeting these cells would be a valuable addition to standard treatments that primarily target more differentiated, rapidly dividing TNBC cells. Although several cell surface and intracellular proteins have been described as biomarkers for CSCs, none of these are specific to this population of cells. Recent research is moving toward cellular signaling pathways as targets and biomarkers for CSCs. The WNT pathway, the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, and the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway have recently been identified to play a key role in proliferation, survival, and differentiation of CSCs, including those of breast cancer. In this review, we assess recent findings related to these three pathways in breast CSC, with particular focus on TNBC CSCs, and discuss how targeting these pathways, in combination with current standard of care, might prove effective and improve the prognosis of TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidse Ehmsen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Research Unit of Oncology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Academy of Geriatric Cancer Research (AgeCare), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henrik J Ditzel
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Research Unit of Oncology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Academy of Geriatric Cancer Research (AgeCare), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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30
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Keles U, Iscan E, Yilmaz HE, Karakülah G, Suner A, Bal E, Tasdemir N, Cavga AD, Ekin U, Mutlu Z, Kahyaoglu S, Serdar MA, Atabey N, Ozturk M. Differential expression of full-length and NH 2 terminally truncated FAM134B isoforms in normal physiology and cancer. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 319:G733-G747. [PMID: 33052704 PMCID: PMC7864244 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00094.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Selective autophagy of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), namely ER-phagy, is mediated by ER-localized receptors, which are recognized and sequestered by GABARAP/LC3B-decorated phagophores and transferred to lysosomes for degradation. Being one such receptor, FAM134B plays critical roles in cellular processes such as protein quality control and neuronal survival. FAM134B has also been associated with different cancers, although its exact role remains elusive. We report here that the FAM134B gene encodes not one but at least two different protein isoforms: the full-length and the NH2 terminally truncated forms. Their relative expression shows extreme variation, both within normal tissues and among cancer types. Expression of full-length FAM134B is restricted to the brain, testis, spleen, and prostate. In contrast, NH2 terminally truncated FAM134B is dominant in the heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, pancreas, and liver. We compared wild-type and knockout mice to study the role of the Fam134b gene in starvation. NH2 terminally truncated FAM134B-2 was induced in the liver, skeletal muscle, and heart but not in the pancreas and stomach following starvation. Upon starvation, Fam134b-/- mice differed from wild-type mice by less weight loss and less hyperaminoacidemic and hypocalcemic response but increased levels of serum albumin, total serum proteins, and α-amylase. Interestingly, either NH2 terminally truncated FAM134B or both isoforms were downregulated in liver, lung, and colon cancers. In contrast, upregulation was observed in stomach and chromophobe kidney cancers.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We reported tissues expressing FAM134B-2 such as the kidney, muscle, heart, and pancreas, some of which exhibit stimulated expression upon nutrient starvation. We also demonstrated the effect of Fam134b deletion during ad libitum and starvation conditions. Resistance to weight loss and hypocalcemia, accompanied by an increase in serum albumin and α-amylase levels, indicate critical roles of Fam134b in physiology. Furthermore, the differential expression of FAM134B isoforms was shown to be significantly dysregulated in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umur Keles
- 1Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey,2Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Evin Iscan
- 1Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey,2Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Huriye Erbak Yilmaz
- 2Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Karakülah
- 1Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey,2Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aslı Suner
- 3Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Erhan Bal
- 1Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nilgun Tasdemir
- 4Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Derya Cavga
- 4Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Umut Ekin
- 1Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey,2Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Mutlu
- 1Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | | | - Nese Atabey
- 1Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
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31
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Lučin P, Jug Vučko N, Karleuša L, Mahmutefendić Lučin H, Blagojević Zagorac G, Lisnić B, Pavišić V, Marcelić M, Grabušić K, Brizić I, Lukanović Jurić S. Cytomegalovirus Generates Assembly Compartment in the Early Phase of Infection by Perturbation of Host-Cell Factors Recruitment at the Early Endosome/Endosomal Recycling Compartment/Trans-Golgi Interface. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:563607. [PMID: 33042998 PMCID: PMC7516400 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.563607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-herpesviruses develop a unique structure within the infected cell known as an assembly compartment (AC). This structure, as large as the nucleus, is composed of host-cell-derived membranous elements. The biogenesis of the AC and its contribution to the final stages of beta-herpesvirus assembly are still unclear. In this study, we performed a spatial and temporal analysis of the AC in cells infected with murine CMV (MCMV), a member of the beta-herpesvirus family, using a panel of markers that characterize membranous organelle system. Out of 64 markers that were analyzed, 52 were cytosolic proteins that are recruited to membranes as components of membrane-shaping regulatory cascades. The analysis demonstrates that MCMV infection extensively reorganizes interface between early endosomes (EE), endosomal recycling compartment (ERC), and the trans-Golgi network (TGN), resulting in expansion of various EE-ERC-TGN intermediates that fill the broad area of the inner AC. These intermediates are displayed as over-recruitment of host-cell factors that control membrane flow at the EE-ERC-TGN interface. Most of the reorganization is accomplished in the early (E) phase of infection, indicating that the AC biogenesis is controlled by MCMV early genes. Although it is known that CMV infection affects the expression of a large number of host-cell factors that control membranous system, analysis of the host-cell transcriptome and protein expression in the E phase of infection demonstrated no sufficiently significant alteration in expression levels of analyzed markers. Thus, our study demonstrates that MCMV-encoded early phase function targets recruitment cascades of host cell-factors that control membranous flow at the EE-ERC-TGN interface in order to initiate the development of the AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pero Lučin
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,University North, University Center Varaždin, Varaždin, Croatia
| | - Natalia Jug Vučko
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ljerka Karleuša
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Hana Mahmutefendić Lučin
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,University North, University Center Varaždin, Varaždin, Croatia
| | - Gordana Blagojević Zagorac
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,University North, University Center Varaždin, Varaždin, Croatia
| | - Berislav Lisnić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Valentino Pavišić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Marina Marcelić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Kristina Grabušić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ilija Brizić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Silvija Lukanović Jurić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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32
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Jones E, Mead S. Genetic risk factors for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 142:104973. [PMID: 32565065 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are a group of fatal neurodegenerative disorders of mammals that share a central role for prion protein (PrP, gene PRNP) in their pathogenesis. Prions are infectious agents that account for the observed transmission of prion diseases between humans and animals in certain circumstances. The prion mechanism invokes a misfolded and multimeric assembly of PrP (a prion) that grows by templating of the normal protein and propagates by fission. Aside from the medical and public health notoriety of acquired prion diseases, the conditions have attracted interest as it has been realized that common neurodegenerative disorders share so-called prion-like mechanisms. In this article we will expand on recent evidence for new genetic loci that alter the risk of human prion disease. The most common human prion disease, sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD), is characterized by the seemingly spontaneous appearance of prions in the brain. Genetic variation within PRNP is associated with all types of prion diseases, in particular, heterozygous genotypes at codons 129 and 219 have long been known to be strong protective factors against sCJD. A large number of rare mutations have been described in PRNP that cause autosomal dominant inherited prion diseases. Two loci recently identified by genome-wide association study increase sCJD risk, including variants in or near to STX6 and GAL3ST1. STX6 encodes syntaxin-6, a component of SNARE complexes with cellular roles that include the fusion of intracellular vesicles with target membranes. GAL3ST1 encodes cerebroside sulfotransferase, the only enzyme that sulfates sphingolipids to make sulfatides, a major lipid component of myelin. We discuss how these roles may modify the pathogenesis of prion diseases and their relevance for other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Jones
- MRC Prion Unit at University College London (UCL), UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, 33 Cleveland Street, W1W 7FF, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Mead
- MRC Prion Unit at University College London (UCL), UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, 33 Cleveland Street, W1W 7FF, United Kingdom.
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33
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Meneses-Salas E, García-Melero A, Blanco-Muñoz P, Jose J, Brenner MS, Lu A, Tebar F, Grewal T, Rentero C, Enrich C. Selective Degradation Permits a Feedback Loop Controlling Annexin A6 and Cholesterol Levels in Endolysosomes of NPC1 Mutant Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051152. [PMID: 32392809 PMCID: PMC7291204 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently identified elevated annexin A6 (AnxA6) protein levels in Niemann–Pick-type C1 (NPC1) mutant cells. In these cells, AnxA6 depletion rescued the cholesterol accumulation associated with NPC1 deficiency. Here, we demonstrate that elevated AnxA6 protein levels in NPC1 mutants or upon pharmacological NPC1 inhibition, using U18666A, were not due to upregulated AnxA6 mRNA expression, but caused by defects in AnxA6 protein degradation. Two KFERQ-motifs are believed to target AnxA6 to lysosomes for chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), and we hypothesized that the cholesterol accumulation in endolysosomes (LE/Lys) triggered by the NPC1 inhibition could interfere with the CMA pathway. Therefore, AnxA6 protein amounts and cholesterol levels in the LE/Lys (LE-Chol) compartment were analyzed in NPC1 mutant cells ectopically expressing lysosome-associated membrane protein 2A (Lamp2A), which is well known to induce the CMA pathway. Strikingly, AnxA6 protein amounts were strongly decreased and coincided with significantly reduced LE-Chol levels in NPC1 mutant cells upon Lamp2A overexpression. Therefore, these findings suggest Lamp2A-mediated restoration of CMA in NPC1 mutant cells to lower LE-Chol levels with concomitant lysosomal AnxA6 degradation. Collectively, we propose CMA to permit a feedback loop between AnxA6 and cholesterol levels in LE/Lys, encompassing a novel mechanism for regulating cholesterol homeostasis in NPC1 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Meneses-Salas
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (E.M.-S.); (A.G.-M.); (P.B.-M.); (F.T.)
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana García-Melero
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (E.M.-S.); (A.G.-M.); (P.B.-M.); (F.T.)
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Blanco-Muñoz
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (E.M.-S.); (A.G.-M.); (P.B.-M.); (F.T.)
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaimy Jose
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia; (J.J.); (M.-S.B.)
| | - Marie-Sophie Brenner
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia; (J.J.); (M.-S.B.)
| | - Albert Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Francesc Tebar
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (E.M.-S.); (A.G.-M.); (P.B.-M.); (F.T.)
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Grewal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia; (J.J.); (M.-S.B.)
- Correspondence: (T.G.); (C.R.); (C.E.); Tel.: +34-934021908 (C.R.)
| | - Carles Rentero
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (E.M.-S.); (A.G.-M.); (P.B.-M.); (F.T.)
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036-Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (T.G.); (C.R.); (C.E.); Tel.: +34-934021908 (C.R.)
| | - Carlos Enrich
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (E.M.-S.); (A.G.-M.); (P.B.-M.); (F.T.)
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036-Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (T.G.); (C.R.); (C.E.); Tel.: +34-934021908 (C.R.)
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34
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Maharjan Y, Lee JN, Kwak SA, Dutta RK, Park C, Choe SK, Park R. TMEM135 regulates primary ciliogenesis through modulation of intracellular cholesterol distribution. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48901. [PMID: 32157776 PMCID: PMC7202201 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has linked the lysosomal cholesterol accumulation in Niemann–Pick type C1 with anomalies associated with primary ciliogenesis. Here, we report that perturbed intracellular cholesterol distribution imposed by lysosomal cholesterol accumulation during TMEM135 depletion is closely associated with impaired ciliogenesis. TMEM135 depletion does not affect the formation of the basal body and the ciliary transition zone. TMEM135 depletion severely blunts Rab8 trafficking to the centrioles without affecting the centriolar localization of Rab11 and Rabin8, the upstream regulators of Rab8 activation. Although TMEM135 depletion prevents enhanced IFT20 localization at the centrioles, ciliary vesicle formation is not affected. Furthermore, enhanced IFT20 localization at the centrioles is dependent on Rab8 activation. Supplementation of cholesterol in complex with cyclodextrin rescues Rab8 trafficking to the centrioles and Rab8 activation, thereby recovering primary ciliogenesis in TMEM135‐depleted cells. Taken together, our data suggest that TMEM135 depletion prevents ciliary vesicle elongation, a characteristic of impaired Rab8 function. Our study thus reveals a previously uncharacterized effect of erroneous intracellular cholesterol distribution on impairing Rab8 function and primary ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunash Maharjan
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Joon No Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seong Ae Kwak
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
| | - Raghbendra Kumar Dutta
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Channy Park
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seong-Kyu Choe
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
| | - Raekil Park
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju, Korea
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35
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Hoque M, Elmaghrabi YA, Köse M, Beevi SS, Jose J, Meneses-Salas E, Blanco-Muñoz P, Conway JRW, Swarbrick A, Timpson P, Tebar F, Enrich C, Rentero C, Grewal T. Annexin A6 improves anti-migratory and anti-invasive properties of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in EGFR overexpressing human squamous epithelial cells. FEBS J 2020; 287:2961-2978. [PMID: 31869496 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Annexin A6 (AnxA6), a member of the calcium (Ca2+ ) and membrane binding annexins, is known to stabilize and establish the formation of multifactorial signaling complexes. At the plasma membrane, AnxA6 is a scaffold for protein kinase Cα (PKCα) and GTPase-activating protein p120GAP to promote downregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. In human squamous A431 epithelial carcinoma cells, which overexpress EGFR, but lack endogenous AnxA6, restoration of AnxA6 expression (A431-A6) promotes PKCα-mediated threonine 654 (T654)-EGFR phosphorylation, which inhibits EGFR tyrosine kinase activity. This is associated with reduced A431-A6 cell growth, but also decreased migration and invasion in wound healing, matrigel, and organotypic matrices. Here, we show that A431-A6 cells display reduced EGFR activity in vivo, with xenograft analysis identifying increased pT654-EGFR levels, but reduced tyrosine EGFR phosphorylation compared to controls. In contrast, PKCα depletion in A431-A6 tumors is associated with strongly reduced pT654 EGFR levels, yet increased EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation and MAPK activity. Moreover, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs; gefitinib, erlotinib) more effectively inhibit cell viability, clonogenic growth, and wound healing of A431-A6 cells compared to controls. Likewise, the ability of AnxA6 to inhibit A431 motility and invasiveness strongly improves TKI efficacy in matrigel invasion assays. This correlates with a greatly reduced invasion of the surrounding matrix of TKI-treated A431-A6 when cultured in 3D spheroids. Altogether, these findings implicate that elevated AnxA6 scaffold levels contribute to improve TKI-mediated inhibition of growth and migration, but also invasive properties in EGFR overexpressing human squamous epithelial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monira Hoque
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yasmin A Elmaghrabi
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Meryem Köse
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Syed S Beevi
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jaimy Jose
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elsa Meneses-Salas
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, IDIBAPS, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Blanco-Muñoz
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, IDIBAPS, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - James R W Conway
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexander Swarbrick
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Francesc Tebar
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, IDIBAPS, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Enrich
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, IDIBAPS, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Rentero
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, IDIBAPS, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Grewal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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36
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Peak TC, Panigrahi GK, Praharaj P, Su Y, Shi L, Chyr J, Rivera-Chávez J, Flores-Bocanegra L, Singh R, Vander Griend DJ, Oberlies NH, Kerr BA, Hemal A, Bitting RL, Deep G. Syntaxin 6-mediated exosome secretion regulates enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:62-72. [PMID: 31674708 PMCID: PMC6916724 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) deaths are typically the result of metastatic castration-resistant PCa (mCRPC). Recently, enzalutamide (Enz), an oral androgen receptor inhibitor, was approved for treating patients with mCRPC. Invariably, all PCa patients eventually develop resistance against Enz. Therefore, novel strategies aimed at overcoming Enz resistance are needed to improve the survival of PCa patients. The role of exosomes in drug resistance has not been fully elucidated in PCa. Therefore, we set out to better understand the exosome's role in the mechanism underlying Enz-resistant PCa. Results showed that Enz-resistant PCa cells (C4-2B, CWR-R1, and LNCaP) secreted significantly higher amounts of exosomes (2-4 folds) compared to Enz-sensitive counterparts. Inhibition of exosome biogenesis in resistant cells by GW4869 and dimethyl amiloride strongly decreased their cell viability. Mechanistic studies revealed upregulation of syntaxin 6 as well as its increased colocalization with CD63 in Enz-resistant PCa cells compared to Enz-sensitive cells. Syntaxin 6 knockdown by specific small interfering RNAs in Enz-resistant PCa cells (C4-2B and CWR-R1) resulted in reduced cell number and increased cell death in the presence of Enz. Furthermore, syntaxin 6 knockdown significantly reduced the exosome secretion in both Enz-resistant C4-2B and CWR-R1 cells. The Cancer Genome Atlas analysis showed increased syntaxin 6 expressions associated with higher Gleason score and decreased progression-free survival in PCa patients. Importantly, IHC analysis showed higher syntaxin 6 expression in cancer tissues from Enz-treated patients compared to Enz naïve patients. Overall, syntaxin 6 plays an important role in the secretion of exosomes and increased survival of Enz-resistant PCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor C. Peak
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Gati K Panigrahi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Prakash Praharaj
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Yixin Su
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Lihong Shi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jacqueline Chyr
- School of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - José Rivera-Chávez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro; Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Laura Flores-Bocanegra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro; Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Ravi Singh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | | | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro; Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Bethany A. Kerr
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Urology
| | | | - Rhonda L. Bitting
- Internal Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Urology
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37
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Sato R, Okura T, Kawahara M, Takizawa N, Momose F, Morikawa Y. Apical Trafficking Pathways of Influenza A Virus HA and NA via Rab17- and Rab23-Positive Compartments. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1857. [PMID: 31456775 PMCID: PMC6700264 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The envelope proteins of influenza A virus, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), play critical roles in viral entry to host cells and release from the cells, respectively. After protein synthesis, they are transported from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the apical plasma membrane (PM) and assembled into virus particles. However, the post-TGN transport pathways of HA and NA have not been clarified. Temporal study by confocal microscopy revealed that HA and NA colocalized soon after their synthesis, and relocated together from the TGN to the upper side of the cell. Using the Rab family protein, we investigated the post-TGN transport pathways of HA and NA. HA partially colocalized with AcGFP-Rab15, Rab17, and Rab23, but rarely with AcGFP-Rab11. When analyzed in cells stably expressing AcGFP-Rab, HA/NA colocalized with Rab15 and Rab17, markers of apical sorting and recycling endosomes, and later colocalized with Rab23, which distributes to the apical PM and endocytic vesicles. Overexpression of the dominant-negative (DN) mutants of Rab15 and Rab17, but not Rab23, significantly delayed HA transport to the PM. However, Rab23DN impaired cell surface expression of HA. Live-cell imaging revealed that NA moved rapidly with Rab17 but not with Rab15. NA also moved with Rab23 in the cytoplasm, but this motion was confined at the upper side of the cell. A fraction of HA was localized to Rab17 and Rab23 double-positive vesicles in the cytoplasm. Coimmunoprecipitation indicated that HA was associated with Rab17 and Rab23 in lipid raft fractions. When cholesterol was depleted by methyl-β-cyclodextrin treatment, the motion of NA and Rab17 signals ceased. These results suggest that HA and NA are incorporated into lipid raft microdomains and are cotransported to the PM by Rab17-positive and followed by Rab23-positive vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Sato
- Graduate School for Infection Control, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Okura
- Graduate School for Infection Control, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Madoka Kawahara
- Graduate School for Infection Control, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Takizawa
- Laboratory of Basic Biology, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Momose
- Graduate School for Infection Control, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Morikawa
- Graduate School for Infection Control, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
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Grewal T, Enrich C, Rentero C, Buechler C. Annexins in Adipose Tissue: Novel Players in Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143449. [PMID: 31337068 PMCID: PMC6678658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and the associated comorbidities are a growing health threat worldwide. Adipose tissue dysfunction, impaired adipokine activity, and inflammation are central to metabolic diseases related to obesity. In particular, the excess storage of lipids in adipose tissues disturbs cellular homeostasis. Amongst others, organelle function and cell signaling, often related to the altered composition of specialized membrane microdomains (lipid rafts), are affected. Within this context, the conserved family of annexins are well known to associate with membranes in a calcium (Ca2+)- and phospholipid-dependent manner in order to regulate membrane-related events, such as trafficking in endo- and exocytosis and membrane microdomain organization. These multiple activities of annexins are facilitated through their diverse interactions with a plethora of lipids and proteins, often in different cellular locations and with consequences for the activity of receptors, transporters, metabolic enzymes, and signaling complexes. While increasing evidence points at the function of annexins in lipid homeostasis and cell metabolism in various cells and organs, their role in adipose tissue, obesity and related metabolic diseases is still not well understood. Annexin A1 (AnxA1) is a potent pro-resolving mediator affecting the regulation of body weight and metabolic health. Relevant for glucose metabolism and fatty acid uptake in adipose tissue, several studies suggest AnxA2 to contribute to coordinate glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) translocation and to associate with the fatty acid transporter CD36. On the other hand, AnxA6 has been linked to the control of adipocyte lipolysis and adiponectin release. In addition, several other annexins are expressed in fat tissues, yet their roles in adipocytes are less well examined. The current review article summarizes studies on the expression of annexins in adipocytes and in obesity. Research efforts investigating the potential role of annexins in fat tissue relevant to health and metabolic disease are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grewal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Carlos Enrich
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Rentero
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Kelschenbach J, He H, Kim BH, Borjabad A, Gu CJ, Chao W, Do M, Sharer LR, Zhang H, Arancio O, Potash MJ, Volsky DJ. Efficient Expression of HIV in Immunocompetent Mouse Brain Reveals a Novel Nonneurotoxic Viral Function in Hippocampal Synaptodendritic Injury and Memory Impairment. mBio 2019; 10:e00591-19. [PMID: 31266862 PMCID: PMC6606797 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00591-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV causes neurodegeneration and dementia in AIDS patients, but its function in milder cognitive impairments in virologically suppressed patients on antiretroviral therapy is unknown. Such patients are immunocompetent, have low peripheral and brain HIV burdens, and show minimal brain neuropathology. Using the model of HIV-related memory impairment in EcoHIV-infected conventional mice, we investigated the neurobiological and cognitive consequences of efficient EcoHIV expression in the mouse brain after intracerebral infection. HIV integrated and persisted in an expressed state in brain tissue, was detectable in brain monocytic cells, and caused neuroinflammatory responses and lasting spatial, working, and associative memory impairment. Systemic antiretroviral treatment prevented direct brain infection and memory dysfunction indicating the requirement for HIV expression in the brain for disease. Similarly inoculated murine leukemia virus used as a control replicated in mouse brain but not in monocytic cells and was cognitively benign, linking the disease to HIV-specific functions. Memory impairment correlated in real time with hippocampal dysfunction shown by defective long-term potentiation in hippocampal slices ex vivo and with diffuse synaptodendritic injury in the hippocampus reflected in significant reduction in microtubule-associated protein 2 and synapsin II staining. In contrast, there was no evidence of overt neuronal loss in this region as determined by neuron-specific nuclear protein quantification, TUNEL assay, and histological observations. Our results reveal a novel capacity of HIV to induce neuronal dysfunction and memory impairment independent of neurotoxicity, distinct from the neurotoxicity of HIV infection in dementia.IMPORTANCE HIV neuropathogenesis has been attributed in large measure to neurotoxicity of viral proteins and inflammatory factors produced by infected monocytic cells in the brain. We show here that HIV expression in mouse brain causes lasting memory impairment by a mechanism involving injury to hippocampal synaptodendritic arbors and neuronal function but not overt neuronal loss in the region. Our results mirror the observation of minimal neurodegeneration in cognitively impaired HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy and demonstrate that HIV is nonneurotoxic in certain brain abnormalities that it causes. If neurons comprising the cognition-related networks survive HIV insult, at least for some time, there is a window of opportunity for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kelschenbach
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hongxia He
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Boe-Hyun Kim
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alejandra Borjabad
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chao-Jiang Gu
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Wei Chao
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Meilan Do
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Leroy R Sharer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mary Jane Potash
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - David J Volsky
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Dingjan I, Linders PTA, Verboogen DRJ, Revelo NH, Ter Beest M, van den Bogaart G. Endosomal and Phagosomal SNAREs. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1465-1492. [PMID: 29790818 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00037.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein family is of vital importance for organelle communication. The complexing of cognate SNARE members present in both the donor and target organellar membranes drives the membrane fusion required for intracellular transport. In the endocytic route, SNARE proteins mediate trafficking between endosomes and phagosomes with other endosomes, lysosomes, the Golgi apparatus, the plasma membrane, and the endoplasmic reticulum. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the SNAREs involved in endosomal and phagosomal trafficking. Of the 38 SNAREs present in humans, 30 have been identified at endosomes and/or phagosomes. Many of these SNAREs are targeted by viruses and intracellular pathogens, which thereby reroute intracellular transport for gaining access to nutrients, preventing their degradation, and avoiding their detection by the immune system. A fascinating picture is emerging of a complex transport network with multiple SNAREs being involved in consecutive trafficking routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Dingjan
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands ; and Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Peter T A Linders
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands ; and Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Danielle R J Verboogen
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands ; and Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Natalia H Revelo
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands ; and Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Martin Ter Beest
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands ; and Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands ; and Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
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Dibaba DT, Ogunsina K, Braithwaite D, Akinyemiju T. Metabolic syndrome and risk of breast cancer mortality by menopause, obesity, and subtype. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 174:209-218. [PMID: 30465158 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-5056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and risk of breast cancer mortality by menopausal status, obesity, and subtype. METHODS Data from 94,555 women free of cancer at baseline in the National Institute of Health-American Association of Retired Persons Diet and Health Study cohort (NIH-AARP) were used to investigate the prospective associations of baseline MetS and components with risk of breast cancer mortality using Cox proportional hazard regression models adjusted for baseline behavioral and demographic covariates. RESULTS During a mean follow-up duration of 14 years, 607 women in the cohort died of breast cancer. Overall, MetS was associated with a 73% increased risk of breast cancer mortality (HR 1.73; 95% CI 1.09-2.75); the association remained significant among post-menopausal women overall (HR 2.07, 95% CI 1.32, 3.25), and among those with overweight/obesity (HR 1.15, 95% CI 0.81, 1.64). MetS was associated with increased risk of breast cancer mortality for ER+/PR+ (HR 1.28, 95% CI 0.52, 3.16) and lower risk for ER-/PR- (HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.11, 1.75) subtypes; however, the associations were not statistically significant. Of the individual MetS components, high waist circumference (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.03, 1.70), high cholesterol (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.05, 1.46), and hypertension (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.05, 1.46) were independently associated with increased risk of breast cancer mortality. CONCLUSIONS MetS was associated with increased risk of breast cancer mortality, especially among post-menopausal women. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to definitively determine the extent to which these associations vary by breast cancer subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Dibaba
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kemi Ogunsina
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Tomi Akinyemiju
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- College of Public Health and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Koubek EJ, Weissenrieder JS, Neighbors JD, Hohl RJ. Schweinfurthins: Lipid Modulators with Promising Anticancer Activity. Lipids 2018; 53:767-784. [DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Koubek
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State Cancer Institute; The Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive Hershey; Hershey PA 17033 USA
| | - Jillian S. Weissenrieder
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology; The Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive Hershey; Hershey PA 17033 USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Neighbors
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine; The Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive Hershey; Hershey PA 17033 USA
| | - Raymond J. Hohl
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State Cancer Institute; The Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive Hershey; Hershey PA 17033 USA
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Sollberger G, Choidas A, Burn GL, Habenberger P, Di Lucrezia R, Kordes S, Menninger S, Eickhoff J, Nussbaumer P, Klebl B, Krüger R, Herzig A, Zychlinsky A. Gasdermin D plays a vital role in the generation of neutrophil extracellular traps. Sci Immunol 2018; 3:3/26/eaar6689. [DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aar6689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Singh V, Erady C, Balasubramanian N. Cell-matrix adhesion controls Golgi organization and function through Arf1 activation in anchorage-dependent cells. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.215855. [PMID: 30054383 PMCID: PMC6127727 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.215855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-matrix adhesion regulates membrane trafficking controlling anchorage-dependent signaling. While a dynamic Golgi complex can contribute to this pathway, its regulation by adhesion remains unclear. Here we report that loss of adhesion dramatically disorganized the Golgi in mouse and human fibroblast cells. Golgi integrity is restored rapidly upon integrin-mediated re-adhesion to FN and is disrupted by integrin blocking antibody. In suspended cells, the cis, cis-medial and trans-Golgi networks differentially disorganize along the microtubule network but show no overlap with the ER, making this disorganization distinct from known Golgi fragmentation. This pathway is regulated by an adhesion-dependent reduction and recovery of Arf1 activation. Constitutively active Arf1 disrupts this regulation and prevents Golgi disorganization due to loss of adhesion. Adhesion-dependent Arf1 activation regulates its binding to the microtubule minus-end motor protein dynein to control Golgi reorganization, which is blocked by ciliobrevin. Adhesion-dependent Golgi organization controls its function, regulating cell surface glycosylation due to loss of adhesion, which is blocked by constitutively active Arf1. This study, hence, identified integrin-dependent cell-matrix adhesion to be a novel regulator of Arf1 activation, controlling Golgi organization and function in anchorage-dependent cells.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: Integrin-dependent cell-matrix adhesion activates Arf1, which then recruits dynein to regulate Golgi organization and function along the microtubule network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha Singh
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Chaitanya Erady
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Nagaraj Balasubramanian
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
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45
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Rentero C, Blanco-Muñoz P, Meneses-Salas E, Grewal T, Enrich C. Annexins-Coordinators of Cholesterol Homeostasis in Endocytic Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1444. [PMID: 29757220 PMCID: PMC5983649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The spatiotemporal regulation of calcium (Ca2+) storage in late endosomes (LE) and lysosomes (Lys) is increasingly recognized to influence a variety of membrane trafficking events, including endocytosis, exocytosis, and autophagy. Alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis within the LE/Lys compartment are implicated in human diseases, ranging from lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) to neurodegeneration and cancer, and they correlate with changes in the membrane binding behaviour of Ca2+-binding proteins. This also includes Annexins (AnxA), which is a family of Ca2+-binding proteins participating in membrane traffic and tethering, microdomain organization, cytoskeleton interactions, Ca2+ signalling, and LE/Lys positioning. Although our knowledge regarding the way Annexins contribute to LE/Lys functions is still incomplete, recruitment of Annexins to LE/Lys is greatly influenced by the availability of Annexin bindings sites, including acidic phospholipids, such as phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidic acid (PA), cholesterol, and phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP2). Moreover, the cytosolic portion of LE/Lys membrane proteins may also, directly or indirectly, determine the recruitment of Annexins to LE. Strikingly, within LE/Lys, AnxA1, A2, A6, and A8 differentially contribute to cholesterol transport along the endocytic route, in particular, cholesterol transfer between LE and other compartments, positioning Annexins at the centre of major pathways mediating cellular cholesterol homeostasis. Underlying mechanisms include the formation of membrane contact sites (MCS) and intraluminal vesicles (ILV), as well as the modulation of LE-cholesterol transporter activity. In this review, we will summarize the current understanding how Annexins contribute to influence LE/Lys membrane transport and associated functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Rentero
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona. 08036 Barcelona. Spain.
| | - Patricia Blanco-Muñoz
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona. 08036 Barcelona. Spain.
| | - Elsa Meneses-Salas
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona. 08036 Barcelona. Spain.
| | - Thomas Grewal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Carlos Enrich
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona. 08036 Barcelona. Spain.
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
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Woodman S, Trousdale C, Conover J, Kim K. Yeast membrane lipid imbalance leads to trafficking defects toward the Golgi. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:890-902. [PMID: 29500884 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein recycling is an essential cellular process involving endocytosis, intracellular trafficking, and exocytosis. In mammalian systems membrane lipids, including cholesterol, sphingolipids, and phospholipids, play a pivotal role in protein recycling. To address this role in budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we utilized GFP-Snc1, a v-SNARE protein serving as a fluorescent marker for faithfully reporting the recycling pathway. Here we demonstrate results that display moderate to significant GFP-Snc1 recycling defects upon overexpression or inactivation of phospholipid, ergosterol, and sphingolipid biosynthesis enzymes, indicating that the homeostasis of membrane lipid levels is prerequisite for proper protein recycling. By using a truncated version of GFP-Snc1 that cannot be recycled from the plasma membrane, we determined that abnormalities in Snc1 localization in membrane lipid overexpression or underexpression mutants are not due to defects in the synthetic/secretory pathway, but rather in the intracellular trafficking pathway. We found that membrane lipid imbalance resulted in an accumulation of the late endosome marker Vps10-GFP, indicating trafficking from the endosomes to the Golgi may be being hindered, preventing recycling to the plasma membrane. To elucidate the possible mechanism for this trafficking hindrance, we stained the actin cytoskeleton, then quantified the percentage of cells with visible actin cables. Compared to wild-type cells, membrane lipid mutant cells exhibited lower levels of actin cables, indicating the actin cytoskeleton is disrupted upon membrane lipid imbalance. Taken together, our results show that impairment of proper recycling may be due to disruption of the actin cytoskeleton, which causes trafficking hindrance between the endosomes and Golgi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Woodman
- Missouri State University, 901 S National Ave., Springfield, Missouri
| | - Christopher Trousdale
- Missouri State University, 901 S National Ave., Springfield, Missouri.,Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Justin Conover
- Missouri State University, 901 S National Ave., Springfield, Missouri.,Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Kyoungtae Kim
- Missouri State University, 901 S National Ave., Springfield, Missouri.,Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
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Howley BV, Link LA, Grelet S, El-Sabban M, Howe PH. A CREB3-regulated ER-Golgi trafficking signature promotes metastatic progression in breast cancer. Oncogene 2018; 37:1308-1325. [PMID: 29249802 PMCID: PMC5844805 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In order to better understand the process of breast cancer metastasis, we have generated a mammary epithelial progression series of increasingly aggressive cell lines that metastasize to lung. Here we demonstrate that upregulation of an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to Golgi trafficking gene signature in metastatic cells enhances transport kinetics, which promotes malignant progression. We observe increased ER-Golgi trafficking, an altered secretome and sensitivity to the retrograde transport inhibitor brefeldin A (BFA) in cells that metastasize to lung. CREB3 was identified as a transcriptional regulator of upregulated ER-Golgi trafficking genes ARF4, COPB1, and USO1, and silencing of these genes attenuated the metastatic phenotype in vitro and lung colonization in vivo. Furthermore, high trafficking gene expression significantly correlated with increased risk of distant metastasis and reduced relapse-free and overall survival in breast cancer patients, suggesting that modulation of ER-Golgi trafficking plays an important role in metastatic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breege V Howley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Laura A Link
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Simon Grelet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Maya El-Sabban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Philip H Howe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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48
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Pan B, Guo J, Liao Q, Zhao Y. β1 and β3 integrins in breast, prostate and pancreatic cancer: A novel implication. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:5412-5416. [PMID: 29556293 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane glycoproteins that consist of an α and a β subunit. Specific integrin heterodimers preferentially bind to distinct extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins to affect the characteristics of cells or the components of the ECM. Among the different integrins, β1 and β3 integrins serve essential roles in the progression of different cancer-associated processes, including the initiation, proliferation, survival, migration and invasion. Furthermore, previous studies have revealed a ratio between these two integrins in cancer cells, which also demonstrated that the functions of these two integrins are paradoxical. This indicated that the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells are not always parallel and may be considered independently maintained. Additionally, the present review may assist in understanding certain aspects of cancer, and in making clinical decisions in a novel and more comprehensive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boju Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Junchao Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Quan Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
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Zhou M, Zheng J, Bi J, Wu X, Lyu J, Gao K. Synergistic inhibition of colon cancer cell growth by a combination of atorvastatin and phloretin. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:1985-1992. [PMID: 29399200 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Atorvastatin (ATST), a drug commonly used to reduce the levels of cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins, is a prospective agent for the prevention of colorectal cancer in patients with hyperlipidemia. ATST in combination with functional components is a promising strategy for cancer chemoprevention. In the present study, the growth inhibitory effect of ATST combined with phloretin (PT) on SW620 and HCT116 colon cancer cells was investigated. The results of MTT assays indicated that the combination of PT and ATST markedly reduced cell survival in both cell lines compared with PT or ATST treatment administered individually. The interaction indexes between PT and ATST, which were used to analyze their interaction pattern, were computed by the median-effect equation. The interaction indexes of each PT and ATST concentration pair were <1.0, which indicated a strong synergistic effect between the two compounds. The data obtained by flow cytometry and western blot analysis of cleaved-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase indicated a synergistic effect resulted in apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M checkpoint. Furthermore, combined treatment with PT and ATST markedly downregulated the expression of cyclin B and upregulated the expression of phospho-cdc2 and Myt1, which suggested that the activation of cdc2 was downregulated. This combined treatment strategy enhanced the anti-cancer activity of ATST at a relatively low dosage and suggested a possible method of preventing colorectal cancer in patients with hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Zhou
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, CAAS, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Jinkai Zheng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, CAAS, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Jinfeng Bi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, CAAS, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Xinye Wu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, CAAS, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Jian Lyu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, CAAS, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Kun Gao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, CAAS, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
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50
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Prognostic role of serum total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in cancer survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 477:94-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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