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Vallée M. Advances in steroid research from the pioneering neurosteroid concept to metabolomics: New insights into pregnenolone function. Front Neuroendocrinol 2024; 72:101113. [PMID: 37993022 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Advances in neuroendocrinology have led to major discoveries since the 19th century, identifying adaptive loops for maintaining homeostasis. One of the most remarkable discoveries was the concept of neurosteroids, according to which the brain is not only a target but also a source of steroid production. The identification of new membrane steroid targets now underpins the neuromodulatory effects of neurosteroids such as pregnenolone, which is involved in functions mediated by the GPCR CB1 receptor. Structural analysis of steroids is a key feature of their interactions with the phospholipid membrane, receptors and resulting activity. Therefore, mass spectrometry-based methods have been developed to elucidate the metabolic pathways of steroids, the ultimate approach being metabolomics, which allows the identification of a large number of metabolites in a single sample. This approach should enable us to make progress in understanding the role of neurosteroids in the functioning of physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Vallée
- University Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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2
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Lu W, Park NR, TeSlaa T, Jankowski CS, Samarah L, McReynolds M, Xing X, Schembri J, Woolf MT, Rabinowitz JD, Davidson SM. Acidic Methanol Treatment Facilitates Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Energy Metabolism. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14879-14888. [PMID: 37756255 PMCID: PMC10568533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Detection of small molecule metabolites (SMM), particularly those involved in energy metabolism using MALDI-mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), is challenging due to factors including ion suppression from other analytes present (e.g., proteins and lipids). One potential solution to enhance SMM detection is to remove analytes that cause ion suppression from tissue sections before matrix deposition through solvent washes. Here, we systematically investigated solvent treatment conditions to improve SMM signal and preserve metabolite localization. Washing with acidic methanol significantly enhances the detection of phosphate-containing metabolites involved in energy metabolism. The improved detection is due to removing lipids and highly polar metabolites that cause ion suppression and denaturing proteins that release bound phosphate-containing metabolites. Stable isotope infusions of [13C6]nicotinamide coupled to MALDI-MSI ("Iso-imaging") in the kidney reveal patterns that indicate blood vessels, medulla, outer stripe, and cortex. We also observed different ATP:ADP raw signals across mouse kidney regions, consistent with regional differences in glucose metabolism favoring either gluconeogenesis or glycolysis. In mouse muscle, Iso-imaging using [13C6]glucose shows high glycolytic flux from infused circulating glucose in type 1 and 2a fibers (soleus) and relatively lower glycolytic flux in type 2b fiber type (gastrocnemius). Thus, improved detection of phosphate-containing metabolites due to acidic methanol treatment combined with isotope tracing provides an improved way to probe energy metabolism with spatial resolution in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyun Lu
- Lewis
Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Noel R. Park
- Lewis
Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Tara TeSlaa
- Department
of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University
of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Connor S.R. Jankowski
- Lewis
Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Laith Samarah
- Lewis
Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Melanie McReynolds
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Xi Xing
- Lewis
Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jessica Schembri
- Lewis
Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Morgan T. Woolf
- Department
of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Joshua D. Rabinowitz
- Lewis
Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Rutgers
Cancer Institute of New Jersey (CINJ), Rutgers
University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Ludwig
Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Shawn M. Davidson
- Lewis
Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Rutgers
Cancer Institute of New Jersey (CINJ), Rutgers
University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
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3
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Zhang F, Rakhimbekova A, Lashley T, Madl T. Brain regions show different metabolic and protein arginine methylation phenotypes in frontotemporal dementias and Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 221:102400. [PMID: 36581185 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease with multiple histopathological subtypes. FTD patients share similar symptoms with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Hence, FTD patients are commonly misdiagnosed as AD, despite the consensus clinical diagnostic criteria. It is therefore of great clinical need to identify a biomarker that can distinguish FTD from AD and control individuals, and potentially further differentiate between FTD pathological subtypes. We conducted a metabolomic analysis on post-mortem human brain tissue from three regions: cerebellum, frontal cortex and occipital cortex from control, FTLD-TDP type A, type A-C9, type C and AD. Our results indicate that the brain subdivisions responsible for different functions show different metabolic patterns. We further explored the region-specific metabolic characteristics of different FTD subtypes and AD patients. Different FTD subtypes and AD share similar metabolic phenotypes in the cerebellum, but AD exhibited distinct metabolic patterns in the frontal and occipital regions compared to FTD. The identified brain region-specific metabolite biomarkers could provide a tool for distinguishing different FTD subtypes and AD and provide the first insights into the metabolic changes of FTLD-TDP type A, type A-C9, type C and AD in different regions of the brain. The importance of protein arginine methylation in neurodegenerative disease has come to light, so we investigated whether the arginine methylation level contributes to disease pathogenesis. Our findings provide new insights into the relationship between arginine methylation and metabolic changes in FTD subtypes and AD that could be further explored, to study the molecular mechanism of pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangrong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China; Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Research Unit Integrative Structural Biology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Anastasia Rakhimbekova
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Research Unit Integrative Structural Biology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
| | - Tobias Madl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Research Unit Integrative Structural Biology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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4
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Bindila L, Eid T, Mills JD, Hildebrand MS, Brennan GP, Masino SA, Whittemore V, Perucca P, Reid CA, Patel M, Wang KK, van Vliet EA. A companion to the preclinical common data elements for proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics data in rodent epilepsy models. A report of the TASK3-WG4 omics working group of the ILAE/AES joint translational TASK force. Epilepsia Open 2022. [PMID: 36259125 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The International League Against Epilepsy/American Epilepsy Society (ILAE/AES) Joint Translational Task Force established the TASK3 working groups to create common data elements (CDEs) for various preclinical epilepsy research disciplines. This is the second in a two-part series of omics papers, with the other including genomics, transcriptomics, and epigenomics. The aim of the CDEs was to improve the standardization of experimental designs across a range of epilepsy research-related methods. We have generated CDE tables with key parameters and case report forms (CRFs) containing the essential contents of the study protocols for proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics of samples from rodent models and people with epilepsy. We discuss the important elements that need to be considered for the proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics methodologies, providing a rationale for the parameters that should be documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bindila
- Clinical Lipidomics Unit, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tore Eid
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - James D Mills
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michael S Hildebrand
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gary P Brennan
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Susan A Masino
- Neuroscience Program and Psychology Department, Life Sciences Center, Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Vicky Whittemore
- Division of Neuroscience, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Piero Perucca
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Bladin-Berkovic Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher A Reid
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Manisha Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kevin K Wang
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarker Research (NNBR), Department of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Erwin A van Vliet
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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5
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Xu J, Cao W, Shao A, Yang M, Andoh V, Ge Q, Pan HW, Chen KP. Metabolomics of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tissues: Potential Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Promising Targets for Therapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7819235. [PMID: 35782075 PMCID: PMC9246618 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7819235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in China ranks first in the world. The early diagnosis technology is underdeveloped, and the prognosis is poor, which seriously threatens the quality of life of the Chinese people. Epidemiological findings are related to factors such as diet, living habits, and age. The specific mechanism is not clear yet. Metabolomics is a kind of omics that simultaneously and quantitatively analyzes the comprehensive profile of metabolites in living systems. It has unique advantages in the study of the diagnosis and pathogenesis of tumor-related diseases, especially in the search for biomarkers. Therefore, it is desirable to perform metabolic profiling analysis of cancer tissues through metabolomics to find potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods HPLC-TOF-MS/MS technology and Illumina Hiseq Xten Sequencing was used for the analysis of 210 pairs of matched esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues and normal tissues in Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, a high-incidence area of esophageal cancer in China. Bioinformatics analysis was also performed. Results Through metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis, this study found that a total of 269 differential metabolites were obtained in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and normal tissues, and 48 differential metabolic pathways were obtained through KEGG enrichment analysis. After further screening and identification, 12 metabolites with potential biomarkers to differentiate esophageal squamous cell carcinoma from normal tissues were obtained. Conclusions From the metabolomic data, 4 unknown compounds were found to be abnormally expressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma for the first time, such as 9,10-epoxy-12,15-octadecadienoate; 3 metabolites were found in multiple abnormal expression in another tumor, but upregulation or downregulation was found for the first time in esophageal cancer, such as oleoyl glycine; at the same time, it was further confirmed that five metabolites were abnormally expressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, which was similar to the results of other studies, such as PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Weiping Cao
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Zhenjiang, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China
| | - Aizhong Shao
- Department of Cardiothorac Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ming Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Vivian Andoh
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qi Ge
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Hui-wen Pan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ke-ping Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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6
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Abstract
In this systematic review, we highlight the differences between the male and female zebrafish brains to understand their differentiation and their use in studying sex-specific neurological diseases. Male and female brains display subtle differences at the cellular level which may be important in driving sex-specific signaling. Sex differences in the brain have been observed in humans as well as in non-human species. However, the molecular mechanisms of brain sex differentiation remain unclear. The classical model of brain sex differentiation suggests that the steroid hormones derived from the gonads are the primary determinants in establishing male and female neural networks. Recent studies indicate that the developing brain shows sex-specific differences in gene expression prior to gonadal hormone action. Hence, genetic differences may also be responsible for differentiating the brain into male and female types. Understanding the signaling mechanisms involved in brain sex differentiation could help further elucidate the sex-specific incidences of certain neurological diseases. The zebrafish model could be appropriate for enhancing our understanding of brain sex differentiation and the signaling involved in neurological diseases. Zebrafish brains show sex-specific differences at the hormonal level, and recent advances in RNA sequencing have highlighted critical sex-specific differences at the transcript level. The differences are also evident at the cellular and metabolite levels, which could be important in organizing sex-specific neuronal signaling. Furthermore, in addition to having one ortholog for 70% of the human gene, zebrafish also shares brain structural similarities with other higher eukaryotes, including mammals. Hence, deciphering brain sex differentiation in zebrafish will help further enhance the diagnostic and pharmacological intervention of neurological diseases.
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7
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Lee JW, Profant M, Wang C. Metabolic Sex Dimorphism of the Brain at the Gene, Cell, and Tissue Level. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:212-220. [PMID: 35017210 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The palpable observation in the sex bias of disease prevalence in the CNS has fascinated scientists for several generations. Brain sex dimorphism has been visualized by imaging and analytical tools at the tissue, cellular, and molecular levels. Recent work highlighted the specificity of such sex bias in the brain and its subregions, offering a unique lens through which disease pathogenesis can be investigated. The brain is the largest consumer of energy in the body and provides a unique metabolic environment for diverse lineages of cells. Immune cells are increasingly recognized as an integral part of brain physiology, and their function depends on metabolic homeostasis. This review focuses on metabolic sex dimorphism in brain tissue, resident, and infiltrating immune cells. In this context, we highlight the relevance of recent advances in metabolomics and RNA sequencing technologies at the single cell resolution and the development of novel computational approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Won Lee
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Martin Profant
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chao Wang
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and .,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Vallianatou T, Bèchet NB, Correia MSP, Lundgaard I, Globisch D. Regional Brain Analysis of Modified Amino Acids and Dipeptides during the Sleep/Wake Cycle. Metabolites 2021; 12:metabo12010021. [PMID: 35050142 PMCID: PMC8780251 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a state in which important restorative and anabolic processes occur. Understanding changes of these metabolic processes during the circadian rhythm in the brain is crucial to elucidate neurophysiological mechanisms important for sleep function. Investigation of amino acid modifications and dipeptides has recently emerged as a valuable approach in the metabolic profiling of the central nervous system. Nonetheless, very little is known about the effects of sleep on the brain levels of amino acid analogues. In the present study, we examined brain regional sleep-induced alterations selective for modified amino acids and dipeptides using Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-MS/MS (UHPLC-MS/MS) based metabolomics. Our approach enabled the detection and identification of numerous amino acid-containing metabolites in the cortex, the hippocampus, the midbrain, and the cerebellum. In particular, analogues of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan were significantly altered during sleep in the investigated brain regions. Cortical levels of medium and long chain N-acyl glycines were higher during sleep. Regional specific changes were also detected, especially related to tyrosine analogues in the hippocampus and the cerebellum. Our findings demonstrate a strong correlation between circadian rhythms and amino acid metabolism specific for different brain regions that provide previously unknown insights in brain metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodosia Vallianatou
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Box 599, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden; (T.V.); (M.S.P.C.)
| | - Nicholas B. Bèchet
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden; (N.B.B.); (I.L.)
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mario S. P. Correia
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Box 599, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden; (T.V.); (M.S.P.C.)
| | - Iben Lundgaard
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden; (N.B.B.); (I.L.)
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Globisch
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Box 599, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden; (T.V.); (M.S.P.C.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Vallianatou T, Lin W, Bèchet NB, Correia MSP, Shanbhag NC, Lundgaard I, Globisch D. Differential regulation of oxidative stress, microbiota-derived, and energy metabolites in the mouse brain during sleep. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:3324-3338. [PMID: 34293940 PMCID: PMC8669215 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211033358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sleep has evolved as a universal core function to allow for restorative biological processes. Detailed knowledge of metabolic changes necessary for the sleep state in the brain is missing. Herein, we have performed an in-depth metabolic analysis of four mouse brain regions and uncovered region-specific circadian variations. Metabolites linked to oxidative stress were altered during sleep including acylcarnitines, hydroxylated fatty acids, phenolic compounds, and thiol-containing metabolites. These findings provide molecular evidence of a significant metabolic shift of the brain energy metabolism. Specific alterations were observed for brain metabolites that have previously not been associated with a circadian function including the microbiome-derived metabolite ergothioneine that suggests a regulatory function. The pseudopeptide β-citryl-glutamate has been linked to brain development and we have now discovered a previously unknown regioisomer. These metabolites altered by the circadian rhythm represent the foundation for hypothesis-driven studies of the underlying metabolic processes and their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodosia Vallianatou
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Weifeng Lin
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicholas B Bèchet
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mario SP Correia
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nagesh C Shanbhag
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Iben Lundgaard
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Globisch
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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10
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Unravel the Local Complexity of Biological Environments by MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212393. [PMID: 34830273 PMCID: PMC8623934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Classic metabolomic methods have proven to be very useful to study functional biology and variation in the chemical composition of different tissues. However, they do not provide any information in terms of spatial localization within fine structures. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) does and reaches at best a spatial resolution of 0.25 μm depending on the laser setup, making it a very powerful tool to analyze the local complexity of biological samples at the cellular level. Here, we intend to give an overview of the diversity of the molecules and localizations analyzed using this method as well as to update on the latest adaptations made to circumvent the complexity of samples. MALDI MSI has been widely used in medical sciences and is now developing in research areas as diverse as entomology, microbiology, plant biology, and plant–microbe interactions, the rhizobia symbiosis being the most exhaustively described so far. Those are the fields of interest on which we will focus to demonstrate MALDI MSI strengths in characterizing the spatial distributions of metabolites, lipids, and peptides in relation to biological questions.
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11
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Ding J, Ji J, Rabow Z, Shen T, Folz J, Brydges CR, Fan S, Lu X, Mehta S, Showalter MR, Zhang Y, Araiza R, Bower LR, Lloyd KCK, Fiehn O. A metabolome atlas of the aging mouse brain. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6021. [PMID: 34654818 PMCID: PMC8519999 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26310-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian brain relies on neurochemistry to fulfill its functions. Yet, the complexity of the brain metabolome and its changes during diseases or aging remain poorly understood. Here, we generate a metabolome atlas of the aging wildtype mouse brain from 10 anatomical regions spanning from adolescence to old age. We combine data from three assays and structurally annotate 1,547 metabolites. Almost all metabolites significantly differ between brain regions or age groups, but not by sex. A shift in sphingolipid patterns during aging related to myelin remodeling is accompanied by large changes in other metabolic pathways. Functionally related brain regions (brain stem, cerebrum and cerebellum) are also metabolically similar. In cerebrum, metabolic correlations markedly weaken between adolescence and adulthood, whereas at old age, cross-region correlation patterns reflect decreased brain segregation. We show that metabolic changes can be mapped to existing gene and protein brain atlases. The brain metabolome atlas is publicly available ( https://mouse.atlas.metabolomics.us/ ) and serves as a foundation dataset for future metabolomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ding
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Jian Ji
- School of Food Science, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zachary Rabow
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Tong Shen
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jacob Folz
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Christopher R Brydges
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Sili Fan
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Xinchen Lu
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Sajjan Mehta
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Megan R Showalter
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Renee Araiza
- Mouse Biology Program, and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - Lynette R Bower
- Mouse Biology Program, and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - K C Kent Lloyd
- Mouse Biology Program, and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Araújo AM, Carvalho F, Guedes de Pinho P, Carvalho M. Toxicometabolomics: Small Molecules to Answer Big Toxicological Questions. Metabolites 2021; 11:692. [PMID: 34677407 PMCID: PMC8539642 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the high biological impact of classical and emerging toxicants, a sensitive and comprehensive assessment of the hazards and risks of these substances to organisms is urgently needed. In this sense, toxicometabolomics emerged as a new and growing field in life sciences, which use metabolomics to provide new sets of susceptibility, exposure, and/or effects biomarkers; and to characterize in detail the metabolic responses and altered biological pathways that various stressful stimuli cause in many organisms. The present review focuses on the analytical platforms and the typical workflow employed in toxicometabolomic studies, and gives an overview of recent exploratory research that applied metabolomics in various areas of toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Araújo
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.C.); (P.G.d.P.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.C.); (P.G.d.P.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Guedes de Pinho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.C.); (P.G.d.P.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Márcia Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.C.); (P.G.d.P.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- FP-I3ID, FP-ENAS, University Fernando Pessoa, Praça 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
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13
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van der Velpen V, Rosenberg N, Maillard V, Teav T, Chatton J, Gallart‐Ayala H, Ivanisevic J. Sex-specific alterations in NAD+ metabolism in 3xTg Alzheimer's disease mouse brain assessed by quantitative targeted LC-MS. J Neurochem 2021; 159:378-388. [PMID: 33829502 PMCID: PMC8596789 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) are known to decline with age and have been associated with impaired mitochondrial function leading to neurodegeneration, a key facet of Alzheimer's disease (AD). NAD+synthesis is sustained via tryptophan-kynurenine (Trp-Kyn) pathway as de novo synthesis route, and salvage pathways dependent on the availability of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide. While being currently investigated as a multifactorial disease with a strong metabolic component, AD remains without curative treatment and important sex differences were reported in relation to disease onset and progression. The aim of this study was to reveal the potential deregulation of NAD+metabolism in AD with the direct analysis of NAD+precursors in the mouse brain tissue (wild type (WT) versus triple transgenic (3xTg) AD), using a sex-balanced design. To this end, we developed a quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method, which allowed for the measurement of the full spectrum of NAD+precursors and intermediates in all three pathways. In brain tissue of mice with developed AD symptoms, a decrease in kynurenine (Kyn) versus increase in kynurenic acid (KA) levels were observed in both sexes with a significantly higher increment of KA in males. These alterations in Trp-Kyn pathway might be a consequence of neuroinflammation and a compensatory production of neuroprotective kynurenic acid. In the NAD+ salvage pathway, significantly lower levels of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) were measured in the AD brain of males and females. Depletion of NMN implies the deregulation of salvage pathway critical for maintaining optimal NAD+ levels and mitochondrial and neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera van der Velpen
- Metabolomics PlatformFaculty of Biology and MedicineUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- Present address:
Clinical Pharmacology and ToxicologyDepartment of General Internal Medicine, InselspitalBern University HospitalBernSwitzerland
| | - Nadia Rosenberg
- Department of Fundamental NeurosciencesFaculty of Biology and MedicineUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Vanille Maillard
- Metabolomics PlatformFaculty of Biology and MedicineUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Tony Teav
- Metabolomics PlatformFaculty of Biology and MedicineUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Jean‐Yves Chatton
- Department of Fundamental NeurosciencesFaculty of Biology and MedicineUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Hector Gallart‐Ayala
- Metabolomics PlatformFaculty of Biology and MedicineUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Julijana Ivanisevic
- Metabolomics PlatformFaculty of Biology and MedicineUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
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14
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Gallart-Ayala H, Teav T, Ivanisevic J. Metabolomics meets lipidomics: Assessing the small molecule component of metabolism. Bioessays 2021; 42:e2000052. [PMID: 33230910 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics, including lipidomics, is emerging as a quantitative biology approach for the assessment of energy flow through metabolism and information flow through metabolic signaling; thus, providing novel insights into metabolism and its regulation, in health, healthy ageing and disease. In this forward-looking review we provide an overview on the origins of metabolomics, on its role in this postgenomic era of biochemistry and its application to investigate metabolite role and (bio)activity, from model systems to human population studies. We present the challenges inherent to this analytical science, and approaches and modes of analysis that are used to resolve, characterize and measure the infinite chemical diversity contained in the metabolome (including lipidome) of complex biological matrices. In the current outbreak of metabolic diseases such as cardiometabolic disorders, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, metabolomics appears to be ideally situated for the investigation of disease pathophysiology from a metabolite perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Gallart-Ayala
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tony Teav
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julijana Ivanisevic
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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Liang J, Han R, Zhou B. Metabolic Reprogramming: Strategy for Ischemic Stroke Treatment by Ischemic Preconditioning. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10050424. [PMID: 34064579 PMCID: PMC8151271 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and permanent disability worldwide. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is an endogenous protective strategy, which has been reported to exhibit a significant neuroprotective effect in reducing the incidence of ischemic stroke. However, the underlying neuroprotective mechanisms of IPC remain elusive. An increased understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of stroke and IPC serves to highlight the importance of metabolic reprogramming. In this review, we summarize the metabolic disorder and metabolic plasticity in the incidence and progression of ischemic stroke. We also elaborate how IPC fully mobilizes the metabolic reprogramming to maintain brain metabolic homeostasis, especially for energy and redox homeostasis, and finally protects brain function in the event of an ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.L.); (R.H.)
| | - Rongrong Han
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.L.); (R.H.)
| | - Bing Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.L.); (R.H.)
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence:
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16
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García-Flores LA, Green CL. Of Mice and Men: Impacts of Calorie Restriction on Metabolomics of the Cerebellum. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:547-551. [PMID: 33560408 PMCID: PMC8427710 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of research in mice is to explore metabolic changes in animal models and then predict or propose potential translational benefits in humans. Although some researchers in the brain research field have mentioned that the mouse experiments results still lack the complex neuroanatomy of humans, caution is required to interpret the findings. In mice, we observed in article seventeenth of the series of the effects of graded levels of calorie restriction, metabolomic changes in the cerebellum indicated activation of hypothalamocerebellar connections driven by hunger responses. Therefore, the purpose of the current perspective is to set this latest paper into a wider context of the physiological, behavioral, and molecular changes seen in these mice and to compare and contrast them with previous human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libia Alejandra García-Flores
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, China
| | - Cara L Green
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
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17
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Dienel GA. Stop the rot. Enzyme inactivation at brain harvest prevents artifacts: A guide for preservation of the in vivo concentrations of brain constituents. J Neurochem 2021; 158:1007-1031. [PMID: 33636013 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Post-mortem metabolism is widely recognized to cause rapid and prolonged changes in the concentrations of multiple classes of compounds in brain, that is, they are labile. Post-mortem changes from levels in living brain include components of pathways of metabolism of glucose and energy compounds, amino acids, lipids, signaling molecules, neuropeptides, phosphoproteins, and proteins. Methods that stop enzyme activity at brain harvest were developed almost 50 years ago and have been extensively used in studies of brain functions and diseases. Unfortunately, these methods are not commonly used to harvest brain tissue for mass spectrometry-based metabolomic studies or for imaging mass spectrometry studies (IMS, also called mass spectrometry imaging, MSI, or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-MSI, MALDI-MSI). Instead these studies commonly kill animals, decapitate, dissect out brain and regions of interest if needed, then 'snap' freeze the tissue to stop enzymatic activity after harvest, with post-mortem intervals typically ranging from ~0.5 to 3 min. To increase awareness of the importance of stopping metabolism at harvest and preventing the unnecessary complications of not doing so, this commentary provides examples of labile metabolites and the magnitudes of their post-mortem changes in concentrations during brain harvest. Brain harvest methods that stop metabolism at harvest eliminate post-mortem enzymatic activities and can improve characterization of normal and diseased brain. In addition, metabolomic studies would be improved by reporting absolute units of concentration along with normalized peak areas or fold changes. Then reported values can be evaluated and compared with the extensive neurochemical literature to help prevent reporting of artifactual data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald A Dienel
- Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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18
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Bohnert S, Reinert C, Trella S, Schmitz W, Ondruschka B, Bohnert M. Metabolomics in postmortem cerebrospinal fluid diagnostics: a state-of-the-art method to interpret central nervous system-related pathological processes. Int J Legal Med 2021; 135:183-191. [PMID: 33180198 PMCID: PMC7782422 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-020-02462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the last few years, quantitative analysis of metabolites in body fluids using LC/MS has become an established method in laboratory medicine and toxicology. By preparing metabolite profiles in biological specimens, we are able to understand pathophysiological mechanisms at the biochemical and thus the functional level. An innovative investigative method, which has not yet been used widely in the forensic context, is to use the clinical application of metabolomics. In a metabolomic analysis of 41 samples of postmortem cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples divided into cohorts of four different causes of death, namely, cardiovascular fatalities, isoIated torso trauma, traumatic brain injury, and multi-organ failure, we were able to identify relevant differences in the metabolite profile between these individual groups. According to this preliminary assessment, we assume that information on biochemical processes is not gained by differences in the concentration of individual metabolites in CSF, but by a combination of differently distributed metabolites forming the perspective of a new generation of biomarkers for diagnosing (fatal) TBI and associated neuropathological changes in the CNS using CSF samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Bohnert
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Wuerzburg, Versbacher Str. 3, 97078, Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Christoph Reinert
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Wuerzburg, Versbacher Str. 3, 97078, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Trella
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Wuerzburg, Versbacher Str. 3, 97078, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Werner Schmitz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Biozentrum - Am Hubland, 97074, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Ondruschka
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Butenfeld 34, 22529, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Bohnert
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Wuerzburg, Versbacher Str. 3, 97078, Wuerzburg, Germany
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19
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Jiang D, He X, Valitutto M, Chen L, Xu Q, Yao Y, Hou R, Wang H. Gut microbiota composition and metabolomic profiles of wild and captive Chinese monals (Lophophorus lhuysii). Front Zool 2020; 17:36. [PMID: 33292307 PMCID: PMC7713318 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-020-00381-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Chinese monal (Lophophorus lhuysii) is an endangered bird species, with a wild population restricted to the mountains in southwest China, and only one known captive population in the world. We investigated the fecal microbiota and metabolome of wild and captive Chinese monals to explore differences and similarities in nutritional status and digestive characteristics. An integrated approach combining 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) based metabolomics were used to examine the fecal microbiota composition and the metabolomic profile of Chinese monals. RESULTS The results showed that the alpha diversity of gut microbes in the wild group were significantly higher than that in the captive group and the core bacterial taxa in the two groups showed remarkable differences at phylum, class, order, and family levels. Metabolomic profiling also revealed differences, mainly related to galactose, starch and sucrose metabolism, fatty acid, bile acid biosynthesis and bile secretion. Furthermore, strong correlations between metabolite types and bacterial genus were detected. CONCLUSIONS There were remarkable differences in the gut microbiota composition and metabolomic profile between wild and captive Chinese monals. This study has established a baseline for a normal gut microbiota and metabolomic profile for wild Chinese monals, thus allowing us to evaluate if differences seen in captive organisms have an impact on their overall health and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Jiang
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Xin He
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Marc Valitutto
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, 610081, China
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, 10012, USA
| | - Li Chen
- Sichuan Fengtongzhai National Nature reserve administration, Yaan, 625700, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Ying Yao
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Rong Hou
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, 610081, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Hairui Wang
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, 610081, China.
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, 610081, China.
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, 610081, China.
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20
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Palermo A. Charting Metabolism Heterogeneity by Nanostructure Imaging Mass Spectrometry: From Biological Systems to Subcellular Functions. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:2392-2400. [PMID: 33595331 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The study of metabolism heterogeneity is essential to understand the role of metabolites in supporting and regulating biological functions. To this end, several mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) approaches have been proposed for the detection of small molecule metabolites. However, high noise from the ionization matrix and low metabolome coverage hinder their applicability for untargeted metabolomics studies across space. In this context, nanostructure imaging (/initiator) mass spectrometry (NIMS) and NIMS with fluorinated gold nanoparticles (f-AuNPs) are attractive strategies for comprehensive MSI of metabolites in biological systems, which can provide heterogeneous metabolome coverage, ultrahigh sensitivity, and high lateral resolution. In particular, NIMS with f-AuNPs permits the simultaneous detection of polar metabolites and lipids in a single and cohesive analytical session, thus allowing the systems-level interpretation of metabolic changes. In this Perspective article, we discuss the use of NIMS and f-AuNPs in the exploration of metabolism heterogeneity and provide a critical outlook on future applications of this technology for revealing the metabolic architecture that supports biological functions in health and disease, from whole organisms to tissues, single cells, and subcellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Palermo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, California 92093-0412, United States
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21
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Spatial and temporal diversity of glycome expression in mammalian brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:28743-28753. [PMID: 33139572 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014207117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian brain glycome remains a relatively poorly understood area compared to other large-scale "omics" studies, such as genomics and transcriptomics due to the inherent complexity and heterogeneity of glycan structure and properties. Here, we first performed spatial and temporal analysis of glycome expression patterns in the mammalian brain using a cutting-edge experimental tool based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, with the ultimate aim to yield valuable implications on molecular events regarding brain functions and development. We observed an apparent diversity in the glycome expression patterns, which is spatially well-preserved among nine different brain regions in mouse. Next, we explored whether the glycome expression pattern changes temporally during postnatal brain development by examining the prefrontal cortex (PFC) at different time point across six postnatal stages in mouse. We found that glycan expression profiles were dynamically regulated during postnatal developments. A similar result was obtained in PFC samples from humans ranging in age from 39 d to 49 y. Novel glycans unique to the brain were also identified. Interestingly, changes primarily attributed to sialylated and fucosylated glycans were extensively observed during PFC development. Finally, based on the vast heterogeneity of glycans, we constructed a core glyco-synthesis map to delineate the glycosylation pathway responsible for the glycan diversity during the PFC development. Our findings reveal high levels of diversity in a glycosylation program underlying brain region specificity and age dependency, and may lead to new studies exploring the role of glycans in spatiotemporally diverse brain functions.
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22
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Dong Y, Brewer GJ. Global Metabolic Shifts in Age and Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Brains Pivot at NAD+/NADH Redox Sites. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 71:119-140. [PMID: 31356210 PMCID: PMC6839468 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Age and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) share some common features such as cognitive impairments, memory loss, metabolic disturbances, bioenergetic deficits, and inflammation. Yet little is known on how systematic shifts in metabolic networks depend on age and AD. In this work, we investigated the global metabolomic alterations in non-transgenic (NTg) and triple-transgenic (3xTg-AD) mouse brain hippocampus as a function of age by using untargeted Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectroscopy (UPLC-MS/MS). We observed common metabolic patterns with aging in both NTg and 3xTg-AD brains involved in energy-generating pathways, fatty acids oxidation, glutamate, and sphingolipid metabolism. We found age-related downregulation of metabolites from reactions in glycolysis that consumed ATP and in the TCA cycle, especially at NAD+/NADH-dependent redox sites, where age- and AD-associated limitations in the free NADH may alter reactions. Conversely, metabolites increased in glycolytic reactions in which ATP is produced. With age, inputs to the TCA cycle were increased including fatty acid β-oxidation and glutamine. Overall age- and AD-related changes were > 2-fold when comparing the declines of upstream metabolites of NAD+/NADH-dependent reactions to the increases of downstream metabolites (p = 10-5, n = 8 redox reactions). Inflammatory metabolites such as ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphate also increased with age. Age-related decreases in glutamate, GABA, and sphingolipid were seen which worsened with AD genetic load in 3xTg-AD brains, possibly contributing to synaptic, learning- and memory-related deficits. The data support the novel hypothesis that age- and AD-associated metabolic shifts respond to NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H redox-dependent reactions, which may contribute to decreased energetic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Gregory J Brewer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,MIND Institute, Center for Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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23
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Pathania A, Rawat A, Dahiya SS, Dhanda S, Barnwal RP, Baishya B, Sandhir R. 1H NMR-Based Metabolic Signatures in the Liver and Brain in a Rat Model of Hepatic Encephalopathy. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:3668-3679. [PMID: 32660248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a debilitating neuropsychiatric complication associated with acute and chronic liver failure. It is characterized by diverse symptoms with variable severity that includes cognitive and motor deficits. The aim of the study is to assess metabolic alterations in the brain and liver using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and subsequent multivariate analyses to characterize metabolic signatures associated with HE. HE was developed by bile duct ligation (BDL) that resulted in hepatic dysfunctions and cirrhosis as shown by liver function tests. Metabolic profiles from control and BDL rats indicated increased levels of lactate, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), glutamate, and choline in the liver, whereas levels of glucose, phenylalanine, and pyridoxine were decreased. In brain, the levels of lactate, acetate, succinate, citrate, and malate were increased, while glucose, creatine, isoleucine, leucine, and proline levels were decreased. Furthermore, neurotransmitters such as glutamate and GABA were increased, whereas choline and myo-inositol were decreased. The alterations in neurotransmitter levels resulted in cognitive and motor defects in BDL rats. A significant correlation was found among alterations in NAA/choline, choline/creatine, and NAA/creatine with behavioral deficits. Thus, the data suggests impairment in metabolic pathways such as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, glycolysis, and ketogenesis in the liver and brain of animals with HE. The study highlights that metabolic signatures could be potential markers to monitor HE progression and to assess therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Pathania
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Science Block-II, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Atul Rawat
- Department of Surgery, IU Health Comprehensive Wound Centre, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States.,Centre for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India
| | - Sitender Singh Dahiya
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Science Block-II, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Saurabh Dhanda
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra at Tanda, Himachal Pradesh 176001, India
| | | | - Bikash Baishya
- Centre for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India
| | - Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Science Block-II, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Mahootchi E, Cannon Homaei S, Kleppe R, Winge I, Hegvik TA, Megias-Perez R, Totland C, Mogavero F, Baumann A, Glennon JC, Miletic H, Kursula P, Haavik J. GADL1 is a multifunctional decarboxylase with tissue-specific roles in β-alanine and carnosine production. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb3713. [PMID: 32733999 PMCID: PMC7367687 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb3713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Carnosine and related β-alanine-containing peptides are believed to be important antioxidants, pH buffers, and neuromodulators. However, their biosynthetic routes and therapeutic potential are still being debated. This study describes the first animal model lacking the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase-like 1 (GADL1). We show that Gadl1-/- mice are deficient in β-alanine, carnosine, and anserine, particularly in the olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, and skeletal muscle. Gadl1-/- mice also exhibited decreased anxiety, increased levels of oxidative stress markers, alterations in energy and lipid metabolism, and age-related changes. Examination of the GADL1 active site indicated that the enzyme may have multiple physiological substrates, including aspartate and cysteine sulfinic acid. Human genetic studies show strong associations of the GADL1 locus with plasma levels of carnosine, subjective well-being, and muscle strength. Together, this shows the multifaceted and organ-specific roles of carnosine peptides and establishes Gadl1 knockout mice as a versatile model to explore carnosine biology and its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selina Cannon Homaei
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rune Kleppe
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingeborg Winge
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tor-Arne Hegvik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Christian Totland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Floriana Mogavero
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Anne Baumann
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jeffrey Colm Glennon
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Hrvoje Miletic
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Petri Kursula
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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25
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Lendor S, Olkowicz M, Boyaci E, Yu M, Diwan M, Hamani C, Palmer M, Reyes-Garcés N, Gómez-Ríos GA, Pawliszyn J. Investigation of Early Death-Induced Changes in Rat Brain by Solid Phase Microextraction via Untargeted High Resolution Mass Spectrometry: In Vivo versus Postmortem Comparative Study. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1827-1840. [PMID: 32407623 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of brain samples obtained postmortem remains a standard approach in neuroscience, despite often being suboptimal for inferring roles of small molecules in the pathophysiology of brain diseases. Sample collection and preservation further hinders conclusive interpretation of biomarker analysis in autopsy samples. We investigate purely death-induced changes affecting rat hippocampus in the first hour of postmortem interval (PMI) by means of untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. The unique possibility of sampling the same brain area of each animal both in vivo and postmortem was enabled by employing solid phase microextraction (SPME) probes. Four millimeter probes coated with mixed mode extraction phase were used to sample awake, freely roaming animals, with 2 more sampling events performed after death. Significant changes in brain neurochemistry were found to occur as soon as 30 min after death, further progressing with increasing PMI, evidenced by relative changes in levels of metabolites and lipids. These included species from several distinct groups, which can be classified as engaged in energy metabolism-related processes, signal transduction, neurotransmission, or inflammatory response. Additionally, we perform thorough analysis of interindividual variability in response to death, which provides insights into how this aspect can obscure conclusions drawn from an untargeted study at single metabolite and pathway level. The results suggest high demand for systematic studies examining the PMI time course with in vivo sampling as a starting point to eliminate artifacts in the form of neurochemical changes assumed to occur in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Lendor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mariola Olkowicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Ezel Boyaci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mustansir Diwan
- Neuroimaging Research Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Clement Hamani
- Neuroimaging Research Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Michael Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Nathaly Reyes-Garcés
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - German Augusto Gómez-Ríos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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26
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Metabolite Profile Changes in Different Regions of Rat Brain Affected by Ephedra sinica. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8358039. [PMID: 32419830 PMCID: PMC7201840 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8358039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ephedra sinica Stapf (EP) has a long medication history dating back centuries in the world. There were some reports of adverse effects in the central nervous system (CNS) resulting from administration of a drug containing EP or ephedrine. Compared with alkaloid monomer compounds, the effects of EP on the CNS are usually neglected. It is necessary to explore CNS affection which is helpful to use EP rationally. However, the affection and the changes of substances by EP in the brain are still unknown because the effects of drug on the brain also exhibit different tendency and distribution and usually lead to diversity of metabolite alteration in different regions. In this study, metabolomics based on different brain regions was used to investigate the affection mechanism of EP in the CNS. The metabolites in 6 brain regions from a rat that underwent oral administration with EP for 14 days were determined by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS. Brain histological examinations showed that there were no obvious lesions in EP administration groups. Partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) displayed that there were significant separations between control and EP administration groups. 7 CNS biomarkers were found and identified in different regions. 3 metabolic pathways were disturbed by EP, including amino acid metabolism, phospholipid metabolism, and amino sugar metabolism. Furthermore, all biomarkers were significantly changed in the cortex after administration. This study may be helpful to understand the affection mechanism of EP in the CNS and improve cognition of brain regional characteristics.
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27
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Liśkiewicz A, Przybyła M, Wojakowska A, Marczak Ł, Bogus K, Nowacka-Chmielewska M, Liśkiewicz D, Małecki A, Barski J, Lewin-Kowalik J, Toborek M. Physical activity reduces anxiety and regulates brain fatty acid synthesis. Mol Brain 2020; 13:62. [PMID: 32303271 PMCID: PMC7165435 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity impacts brain functions, but the direct mechanisms of this effect are not fully recognized or understood. Among multidimensional changes induced by physical activity, brain fatty acids (FA) appear to play an important role; however, the knowledge in this area is particularly scarce. Here we performed global metabolomics profiling of the hippocampus and the frontal cortex (FC) in a model of voluntary running in mice. Examined brain structures responded differentially to physical activity. Specifically, the markers of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were downregulated in the FC, whereas glycolysis was enhanced in the hippocampus. Physical activity stimulated production of myristic, palmitic and stearic FA; i.e., the primary end products of de novo lipogenesis in the brain, which was accompanied by increased expression of hippocampal fatty acid synthase (FASN), suggesting stimulation of lipid synthesis. The changes in the brain fatty acid profile were associated with reduced anxiety level in the running mice. Overall, the study examines exercise-related metabolic changes in the brain and links them to behavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Liśkiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikołowska 72a, 40-065, Katowice, Poland. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, Katowice, 40-752, Poland.
| | - Marta Przybyła
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikołowska 72a, 40-065, Katowice, Poland.,Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 4, Katowice, 40-752, Poland
| | - Anna Wojakowska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - Łukasz Marczak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bogus
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marta Nowacka-Chmielewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikołowska 72a, 40-065, Katowice, Poland.,Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 4, Katowice, 40-752, Poland
| | - Daniela Liśkiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikołowska 72a, 40-065, Katowice, Poland.,Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 4, Katowice, 40-752, Poland
| | - Andrzej Małecki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikołowska 72a, 40-065, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jarosław Barski
- Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 4, Katowice, 40-752, Poland
| | - Joanna Lewin-Kowalik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, Katowice, 40-752, Poland
| | - Michal Toborek
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikołowska 72a, 40-065, Katowice, Poland. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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28
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Lee SH, Lee PH, Liang HJ, Tang CH, Chen TF, Cheng TJ, Lin CY. Brain lipid profiles in the spontaneously hypertensive rat after subchronic real-world exposure to ambient fine particulate matter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:135603. [PMID: 31784156 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have illustrated an association between ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure and neuronal toxicity in epidemiological studies and animal models. However, the possible molecular effects on brains under real-world exposure to PM2.5 remain unclear. In this pilot study, male spontaneously hypertensive rats were whole-bodily exposed to ambient air from the outdoor environment of Taipei City for 3 months, while the control rats inhaled HEPA-filtered air. The PM2.5-induced phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin profiles in the hippocampus, cortex, medulla, cerebellum, and olfactory bulb were assessed by mass spectrometry (MS)-based lipidomics. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and the Wilcoxon rank sum test were used to examine the lipid changes between the exposed and control groups. The PLS-DA models showed that phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin profiles of the PM2.5 exposure group were different from those of the control group in each brain region except the cortex. More lipid changes were found in the hippocampus, while fewer lipid changes were observed in the olfactory bulb. The lipid alteration in the hippocampus may strengthen membrane integrity, modulate signaling pathways, and avoid accumulation of lipofuscin to counter the PM2.5-induced stress. The lipid changes in the cortex and medulla may respond to PM2.5-induced injury and inflammation; while the lipid changes in the cerebellum were associated with neuron protection. This study suggests that the MS-based lipidomics is a powerful approach to discriminate the brain lipid profiles even at the environmental level of ambient PM2.5 and has the potential to suggest possible adverse health effects in long-term PM2.5 exposure studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Han Lee
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsuan Lee
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Jan Liang
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Ho Tang
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Taiwan; Institute of Marine Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Fu Chen
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsun-Jen Cheng
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Yu Lin
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.
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29
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He H, Guo Z, Wen Y, Xu S, Liu Z. Recent advances in nanostructure/nanomaterial-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry of low molecular mass compounds. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1090:1-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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30
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van der Velpen V, Teav T, Gallart-Ayala H, Mehl F, Konz I, Clark C, Oikonomidi A, Peyratout G, Henry H, Delorenzi M, Ivanisevic J, Popp J. Systemic and central nervous system metabolic alterations in Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2019; 11:93. [PMID: 31779690 PMCID: PMC6883620 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-019-0551-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Metabolic alterations, related to cerebral glucose metabolism, brain insulin resistance, and age-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, play an important role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) on both the systemic and central nervous system level. To study the extent and significance of these alterations in AD, quantitative metabolomics was applied to plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from clinically well-characterized AD patients and cognitively healthy control subjects. The observed metabolic alterations were associated with core pathological processes of AD to investigate their relation with amyloid pathology and tau-related neurodegeneration. Methods In a case-control study of clinical and biomarker-confirmed AD patients (n = 40) and cognitively healthy controls without cerebral AD pathology (n = 34) with paired plasma and CSF samples, we performed metabolic profiling, i.e., untargeted metabolomics and targeted quantification. Targeted quantification focused on identified deregulated pathways highlighted in the untargeted assay, i.e. the TCA cycle, and its anaplerotic pathways, as well as the neuroactive tryptophan and kynurenine pathway. Results Concentrations of several TCA cycle and beta-oxidation intermediates were higher in plasma of AD patients, whilst amino acid concentrations were significantly lower. Similar alterations in these energy metabolism intermediates were observed in CSF, together with higher concentrations of creatinine, which were strongly correlated with blood-brain barrier permeability. Alterations of several amino acids were associated with CSF Amyloidβ1–42. The tryptophan catabolites, kynurenic acid and quinolinic acid, showed significantly higher concentrations in CSF of AD patients, which, together with other tryptophan pathway intermediates, were correlated with either CSF Amyloidβ1–42, or tau and phosphorylated Tau-181. Conclusions This study revealed AD-associated systemic dysregulation of nutrient sensing and oxidation and CNS-specific alterations in the neuroactive tryptophan pathway and (phospho)creatine degradation. The specific association of amino acids and tryptophan catabolites with AD CSF biomarkers suggests a close relationship with core AD pathology. Our findings warrant validation in independent, larger cohort studies as well as further investigation of factors such as gender and APOE genotype, as well as of other groups, such as preclinical AD, to identify metabolic alterations as potential intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera van der Velpen
- Metabolomics Unit, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tony Teav
- Metabolomics Unit, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Héctor Gallart-Ayala
- Metabolomics Unit, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florence Mehl
- Metabolomics Unit, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ioana Konz
- Metabolomics Unit, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Aikaterini Oikonomidi
- Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausane, Switzerland
| | - Gwendoline Peyratout
- Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausane, Switzerland
| | - Hugues Henry
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausane, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Delorenzi
- Translational Bioinformatics and Statistics, Department of Oncology, Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Bioinformatics Core Facility, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julijana Ivanisevic
- Metabolomics Unit, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Julius Popp
- Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausane, Switzerland. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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31
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Banoei MM, Casault C, Metwaly SM, Winston BW. Metabolomics and Biomarker Discovery in Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2019; 35:1831-1848. [PMID: 29587568 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide. The TBI pathogenesis can induce broad pathophysiological consequences and clinical outcomes attributed to the complexity of the brain. Thus, the diagnosis and prognosis are important issues for the management of mild, moderate, and severe forms of TBI. Metabolomics of readily accessible biofluids is a promising tool for establishing more useful and reliable biomarkers of TBI than using clinical findings alone. Metabolites are an integral part of all biochemical and pathophysiological pathways. Metabolomic processes respond to the internal and external stimuli resulting in an alteration of metabolite concentrations. Current high-throughput and highly sensitive analytical tools are capable of detecting and quantifying small concentrations of metabolites, allowing one to measure metabolite alterations after a pathological event when compared to a normal state or a different pathological process. Further, these metabolic biomarkers could be used for the assessment of injury severity, discovery of mechanisms of injury, and defining structural damage in the brain in TBI. Metabolic biomarkers can also be used for the prediction of outcome, monitoring treatment response, in the assessment of or prognosis of post-injury recovery, and potentially in the use of neuroplasticity procedures. Metabolomics can also enhance our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of TBI, both in primary and secondary injury. Thus, this review presents the promising application of metabolomics for the assessment of TBI as a stand-alone platform or in association with proteomics in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colin Casault
- 1 Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary , Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Brent W Winston
- 2 Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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32
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Prah J, Winters A, Chaudhari K, Hersh J, Liu R, Yang SH. Cholesterol sulfate alters astrocyte metabolism and provides protection against oxidative stress. Brain Res 2019; 1723:146378. [PMID: 31425677 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol sulfate (CS) is one of the most important known sterol sulfates in human plasma and it is present as a normal constituent in a variety of human tissues. In both the brain and periphery, CS serves as a substrate for the synthesis of sulfonated adrenal steroids such as pregnenolone sulfate and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) sulfate and as a constituent of many biological membranes including red blood cells where it functions as a stabilizing agent. It also acts as an endogenous regulator of cholesterol synthesis. However, the role of CS in brain metabolism and neurological disorder is unclear. In the current study we investigated the neuroprotective action of CS as well as its role in brain energy metabolism. The neuroprotective effect of CS and its role on cell metabolism were determined in primary astrocyte prepared from the cortex of postnatal day 0-2 C57BL/6 pups and a hippocampal HT-22 cell line using Calcein AM and MTT cell viability assay, flow cytometry, Seahorse extracellular flux analysis, and metabolism assay kits. We found that CS attenuates glutamate and rotenone induced cell death in HT-22 cells, decrease glutamate induced mitochondria membrane potential collapse, and reactive oxygen species production. Additionally, CS activates the Akt/Bcl2 pathway. We observed that CS impacts astrocyte metabolism by increasing mitochondrial phosphorylation, ATP, and glycogen contents. Our study demonstrated that CS modulates brain energy metabolism and its neuroprotective effects might be due to the activation of Akt signaling or its ability to decrease reactive oxygen species production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude Prah
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Ali Winters
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Kiran Chaudhari
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Jessica Hersh
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Shao-Hua Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.
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33
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Teav T, Gallart-Ayala H, van der Velpen V, Mehl F, Henry H, Ivanisevic J. Merged Targeted Quantification and Untargeted Profiling for Comprehensive Assessment of Acylcarnitine and Amino Acid Metabolism. Anal Chem 2019; 91:11757-11769. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tony Teav
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Héctor Gallart-Ayala
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vera van der Velpen
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florence Mehl
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Vital-IT−Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hugues Henry
- Innovation and Development Laboratory, Clinical Chemistry Service, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julijana Ivanisevic
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
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34
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Virel A, Dudka I, Laterveer R, Af Bjerkén S. 1H NMR profiling of the 6-OHDA parkinsonian rat brain reveals metabolic alterations and signs of recovery after N-acetylcysteine treatment. Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 98:131-139. [PMID: 31200101 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease caused by degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra. The origin and causes of dopamine neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease are not well understood but oxidative stress may play an important role in its onset. Much effort has been dedicated to find biomarkers indicative of oxidative stress and neurodegenerative processes in parkinsonian brains. By using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) to identify and quantify key metabolites, it is now possible to elucidate the metabolic pathways affected by pathological conditions like neurodegeneration. The metabolic disturbances in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) hemiparkinsonian rat model were monitored and the nature and size of these metabolic alterations were analyzed. The results indicate that a unilateral injection of 6-OHDA into the striatum causes metabolic changes that not only affect the injected hemisphere but also the contralateral, non-lesioned side. We could clearly identify specific metabolic pathways that were affected, which were mostly related with oxidative stress and neurotransmission. In addition, a partial metabolic recovery by carrying out an antioxidant treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was observable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Virel
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Ilona Dudka
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rutger Laterveer
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sara Af Bjerkén
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Patassini S, Begley P, Xu J, Church SJ, Kureishy N, Reid SJ, Waldvogel HJ, Faull RLM, Snell RG, Unwin RD, Cooper GJS. Cerebral Vitamin B5 (D-Pantothenic Acid) Deficiency as a Potential Cause of Metabolic Perturbation and Neurodegeneration in Huntington's Disease. Metabolites 2019; 9:E113. [PMID: 31212603 PMCID: PMC6630497 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9060113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded CAG repeat in exon 1 of the HTT gene. HD usually manifests in mid-life with loss of GABAergic projection neurons from the striatum accompanied by progressive atrophy of the putamen followed by other brain regions, but linkages between the genetics and neurodegeneration are not understood. We measured metabolic perturbations in HD-human brain in a case-control study, identifying pervasive lowering of vitamin B5, the obligatory precursor of coenzyme A (CoA) that is essential for normal intermediary metabolism. Cerebral pantothenate deficiency is a newly-identified metabolic defect in human HD that could potentially: (i) impair neuronal CoA biosynthesis; (ii) stimulate polyol-pathway activity; (iii) impair glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle activity; and (iv) modify brain-urea metabolism. Pantothenate deficiency could lead to neurodegeneration/dementia in HD that might be preventable by treatment with vitamin B5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Patassini
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M19 9NT, UK.
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
- Owlstone Medical, Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0GJ, UK.
| | - Paul Begley
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M19 9NT, UK.
| | - Jingshu Xu
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M19 9NT, UK.
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK.
| | - Stephanie J Church
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M19 9NT, UK.
| | - Nina Kureishy
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M19 9NT, UK.
| | - Suzanne J Reid
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Henry J Waldvogel
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Richard L M Faull
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Russell G Snell
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Richard D Unwin
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M19 9NT, UK.
| | - Garth J S Cooper
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M19 9NT, UK.
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK.
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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Kim YH, Shim HS, Kim KH, Lee J, Chung BC, Kowall NW, Ryu H, Lee J. Metabolomic Analysis Identifies Alterations of Amino Acid Metabolome Signatures in the Postmortem Brain of Alzheimer's Disease. Exp Neurobiol 2019; 28:376-389. [PMID: 31308797 PMCID: PMC6614073 DOI: 10.5607/en.2019.28.3.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in neuroscience research over the past several decades, the exact cause of AD has not yet fully understood. The metabolic hypothesis as well as the amyloid and tau hypotheses have been proposed to be associated with AD pathogenesis. In order to identify metabolome signatures from the postmortem brains of sporadic AD patients and control subjects, we performed ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometer (UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS). Not only our study identified new metabolome signatures but also verified previously known metabolome profiles in the brain. Statistical modeling of the analytical data and validation of the structural assignments discovered metabolic biomarkers associated with the AD pathogenesis. Interestingly, hypotaurin, myo-inositol and oxo-proline levels were markedly elevated in AD while lutamate and N-acetyl-aspartate were decreased in the postmortem brain tissue of AD patients. In addition, neurosteroid level such as cortisol was significantly increased in AD. Together, our data indicate that impaired amino acid metabolism is associated with AD pathogenesis and the altered amino acid signatures can be useful diagnostic biomarkers of AD. Thus, modulation of amino acid metabolism may be a possible therapeutic approach to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Hwan Kim
- MolecularRecognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Shim
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Kyoung Heon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Junghee Lee
- Veteran's Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Bong Chul Chung
- MolecularRecognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Neil W. Kowall
- Veteran's Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Veteran's Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Jeongae Lee
- MolecularRecognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
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Liu X, Zheng X, Du G, Li Z, Qin X. Brain metabonomics study of the antidepressant-like effect of Xiaoyaosan on the CUMS-depression rats by 1H NMR analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 235:141-154. [PMID: 30708033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xiaoyaosan (XYS), a famous TCM prescription with a long history of clinical use for relieving a wide variety of depression symptoms, consists of Radix Bupleuri (Bupleurum chinense DC.), Radix Angelicae Sinensis (Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels), Radix PaeoniaeAlba (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.), Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocepha lae (Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.), Poria (Poria cocos (Schw.)Wolf), Radix Glycyrrhizae (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.), Herba Menthae Haplocalycis (Mentha haplocalyx Briq.), and Rhizoma Zin-giberis Recens (Zingiber officinale Rosc.). AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to characterize the diversity and variation of two kinds metabolites of brain, i.e. aqueous and lipophilic metabolites, gaining comprehensive insights into the metabolic processes of depression-like behavior, and to reveal the mechanisms of antidepressant-like effects of XYS. MATERIALS AND METHODS We first established a CUMS (Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress)-induced depression-like behavior model. We then extracted both aqueous and lipophilic metabolites of rat brains by a two-phase extraction method, which were subsequently characterized by two differential sequences of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Multivariate analysis including Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares-Discriminate Analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied. RESULTS Metabolic profiling by PCA indicated that XYS significantly reversed the metabolic perturbation caused by CUMS. OPLS-DA showed a total of 15 metabolites including 6 lipophilic and 9 aqueous metabolites was screened as potential biomarkers involved in CUMS-induced depression-like behavior. On top of this, five pathways including (1)D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, (2) valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, (3) alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, (4) taurine and hypotaurine metabolism and (5) arginine and proline metabolism were recognized as the most influenced pathways associated with the process of CUMS-induced depression-like behavior. Notably, XYS significantly reversed abnormality of 5 aqueous and 4 lipophilic metabolites to normal, suggesting that XYS synergistically mediated abnormalities of multiple pathways (1), (3), (4) and (5). CONCLUSIONS It is the first report to investigate the antidepressant-like effects and underlying mechanisms of XYS from the perspective of brain metabolites. In a broad sense, this study brings novel and valuable insights to evaluate the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), to interpret mechanisms, and to provide the theoretical basis for further research on therapeutic mechanisms in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xingyu Zheng
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
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Bongaerts J, De Bundel D, Mangelings D, Smolders I, Vander Heyden Y, Van Eeckhaut A. Sensitive targeted methods for brain metabolomic studies in microdialysis samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 161:192-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Hoetker D, Chung W, Zhang D, Zhao J, Schmidtke VK, Riggs DW, Derave W, Bhatnagar A, Bishop DJ, Baba SP. Exercise alters and β-alanine combined with exercise augments histidyl dipeptide levels and scavenges lipid peroxidation products in human skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:1767-1778. [PMID: 30335580 PMCID: PMC10392632 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00007.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnosine and anserine are dipeptides synthesized from histidine and β-alanine by carnosine synthase (ATPGD1). These dipeptides, present in high concentration in the skeletal muscle, form conjugates with lipid peroxidation products such as 4-hydroxy trans-2-nonenal (HNE). Although skeletal muscle levels of these dipeptides could be elevated by feeding β-alanine, it is unclear how these dipeptides and their conjugates are affected by exercise training with or without β-alanine supplementation. We recruited twenty physically active men, who were allocated to either β-alanine or placebo-feeding group matched for VO2 peak, lactate threshold, and maximal power (Wmax). Participants completed 2 weeks of conditioning phase followed by 1 week of exercise testing (CPET) and a single session followed by 6 weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT). Analysis of muscle biopsies showed that the levels of carnosine and ATPGD1 expression were increased after CPET and decreased following a single session and 6 weeks of HIIT. Expression of ATPGD1 and levels of carnosine were increased upon β-alanine-feeding after CPET, while ATPGD1 expression decreased following a single session of HIIT. The expression of fiber type markers myosin heavy chain (MHC) I and IIa remained unchanged after CPET. Levels of carnosine, anserine, carnosine-HNE, carnosine-propanal and carnosine-propanol were further increased after 9 weeks of β-alanine supplementation and exercise training, but remained unchanged in the placebo-fed group. These results suggest that carnosine levels and ATPGD1 expression fluctuates with different phases of training. Enhancing carnosine levels by β-alanine feeding could facilitate the detoxification of lipid peroxidation products in the human skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weiliang Chung
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University
| | | | | | | | | | - Wim Derave
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
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Anthonymuthu TS, Kenny EM, Lamade AM, Kagan VE, Bayır H. Oxidized phospholipid signaling in traumatic brain injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:493-503. [PMID: 29964171 PMCID: PMC6098726 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major contributor to secondary injury signaling cascades following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The role of lipid peroxidation in the pathophysiology of a traumatic insult to neural tissue is increasingly recognized. As the methods to quantify lipid peroxidation have gradually improved, so has the understanding of mechanistic details of lipid peroxidation and related signaling events in the injury pathogenesis. While free-radical mediated, non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation has long been studied, recent advances in redox lipidomics have demonstrated the significant contribution of enzymatic lipid peroxidation to TBI pathogenesis. Complex interactions between inflammation, phospholipid peroxidation, and hydrolysis define the engagement of different cell death programs and the severity of injury and outcome. This review focuses on enzymatic phospholipid peroxidation after TBI, including the mechanism of production, signaling roles in secondary injury pathology, and temporal course of production with respect to inflammatory response. In light of the newly identified phospholipid oxidation mechanisms, we also discuss possible therapeutic targets to improve neurocognitive outcome after TBI. Finally, we discuss current limitations in identifying oxidized phospholipids and possible methodologic improvements that can offer a deeper insight into the region-specific distribution and subcellular localization of phospholipid oxidation after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamil S Anthonymuthu
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Elizabeth M Kenny
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Andrew M Lamade
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States; Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics in Biomedicine, Department of Human Pathology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Russian Federation
| | - Hülya Bayır
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States; Children's Neuroscience Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, United States.
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Wang J, Zeng HL, Du H, Liu Z, Cheng J, Liu T, Hu T, Kamal GM, Li X, Liu H, Xu F. Evaluation of metabolites extraction strategies for identifying different brain regions and their relationship with alcohol preference and gender difference using NMR metabolomics. Talanta 2018; 179:369-376. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bruegger JJ, Smith BC, Wynia-Smith SL, Marletta MA. Comparative and integrative metabolomics reveal that S-nitrosation inhibits physiologically relevant metabolic enzymes. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:6282-6296. [PMID: 29483187 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.817700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine S-nitrosation is a reversible post-translational modification mediated by nitric oxide (•NO)-derived agents. S-Nitrosation participates in cellular signaling and is associated with several diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neuronal disorders. Despite the physiological importance of this nonclassical •NO-signaling pathway, little is understood about how much S-nitrosation affects protein function. Moreover, identifying physiologically relevant targets of S-nitrosation is difficult because of the dynamics of transnitrosation and a limited understanding of the physiological mechanisms leading to selective protein S-nitrosation. To identify proteins whose activities are modulated by S-nitrosation, we performed a metabolomics study comparing WT and endothelial nitric-oxide synthase knockout mice. We integrated our results with those of a previous proteomics study that identified physiologically relevant S-nitrosated cysteines, and we found that the activity of at least 21 metabolic enzymes might be regulated by S-nitrosation. We cloned, expressed, and purified four of these enzymes and observed that S-nitrosation inhibits the metabolic enzymes 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, catechol-O-methyltransferase, and d-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase. Furthermore, using site-directed mutagenesis, we identified the predominant cysteine residue influencing the observed activity changes in each enzyme. In summary, using an integrated metabolomics approach, we have identified several physiologically relevant S-nitrosation targets, including metabolic enzymes, which are inhibited by this modification, and we have found the cysteines modified by S-nitrosation in each enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael A Marletta
- From the QB3 Institute and .,Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-3220
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Pînzariu O, Georgescu B, Georgescu CE. Metabolomics-A Promising Approach to Pituitary Adenomas. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:814. [PMID: 30705668 PMCID: PMC6345099 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolomics-the novel science that evaluates the multitude of low-molecular-weight metabolites in a biological system, provides new data on pathogenic mechanisms of diseases, including endocrine tumors. Although development of metabolomic profiling in pituitary disorders is at an early stage, it seems to be a promising approach in the near future in identifying specific disease biomarkers and understanding cellular signaling networks. Objectives: To review the metabolomic profile and the contributions of metabolomics in pituitary adenomas (PA). Methods: A systematic review was conducted via PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus databases, summarizing studies that have described metabolomic aspects of PA. Results: Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry, which are traditional techniques employed in metabolomics, suggest amino acids metabolism appears to be primarily altered in PA. N-acetyl aspartate, choline-containing compounds and creatine appear as highly effective in differentiating PA from healthy tissue. Deoxycholic and 4-pyridoxic acids, 3-methyladipate, short chain fatty acids and glucose-6-phosphate unveil metabolite biomarkers in patients with Cushing's disease. Phosphoethanolamine, N-acetyl aspartate and myo-inositol are down regulated in prolactinoma, whereas aspartate, glutamate and glutamine are up regulated. Phosphoethanolamine, taurine, alanine, choline-containing compounds, homocysteine, and methionine were up regulated in unclassified PA across studies. Intraoperative use of ultra high mass resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI), which allows localization and delineation between functional PA and healthy pituitary tissue, may contribute to achievement of complete tumor resection in addition to preservation of pituitary cell lines and vasopressin secretory cells, thus avoiding postoperative diabetes insipidus. Conclusion: Implementation of ultra high performance metabolomics analysis techniques in the study of PA will significantly improve diagnosis and, potentially, the therapeutic approach, by identifying highly specific disease biomarkers in addition to novel molecular pathogenic mechanisms. Ultra high mass resolution MALDI-MSI emerges as a helpful clinical tool in the neurosurgical treatment of pituitary tumors. Therefore, metabolomics appears to be a science with a promising prospect in the sphere of PA, and a starting point in pituitary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Pînzariu
- 6 Department of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bogdan Georgescu
- Department of Ecology, Environmental Protection and Zoology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen E. Georgescu
- 6 Department of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Endocrinology Clinic, Cluj County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- *Correspondence: Carmen E. Georgescu
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Two complementary reversed-phase separations for comprehensive coverage of the semipolar and nonpolar metabolome. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:1287-1297. [PMID: 29256075 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0768-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although it is common in untargeted metabolomics to apply reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) methods that have been systematically optimized for lipids and central carbon metabolites, here we show that these established protocols provide poor coverage of semipolar metabolites because of inadequate retention. Our objective was to develop an RPLC approach that improved detection of these metabolites without sacrificing lipid coverage. We initially evaluated columns recently released by Waters under the CORTECS line by analyzing 47 small-molecule standards that evenly span the nonpolar and semipolar ranges. An RPLC method commonly used in untargeted metabolomics was considered a benchmarking reference. We found that highly nonpolar and semipolar metabolites cannot be reliably profiled with any single method because of retention and solubility limitations of the injection solvent. Instead, we optimized a multiplexed approach using the CORTECS T3 column to analyze semipolar compounds and the CORTECS C8 column to analyze lipids. Strikingly, we determined that combining these methods allowed detection of 41 of the total 47 standards, whereas our reference RPLC method detected only 10 of the 47 standards. We then applied credentialing to compare method performance at the comprehensive scale. The tandem method showed more than a fivefold increase in credentialing coverage relative to our RPLC benchmark. Our results demonstrate that comprehensive coverage of metabolites amenable to reversed-phase separation necessitates two reconstitution solvents and chromatographic methods. Thus, we suggest complementing HILIC methods with a dual T3 and C8 RPLC approach to increase coverage of semipolar metabolites and lipids for untargeted metabolomics. Graphical abstract Analysis of semipolar and nonpolar metabolites necessitates two reversed-phase chromatography (RPLC) methods, which extend metabolome coverage more than fivefold for untargeted profiling. HILIC hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography.
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Gross RW. The evolution of lipidomics through space and time. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:731-739. [PMID: 28457845 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although the foundations of mass spectrometry-based lipidomics have been practiced for over 30 years, recent technological advances in ionization modalities in conjunction with robust increases in mass accuracy and resolution have greatly accelerated the emergence, growth and importance of the field of lipidomics. Moreover, advances in the separation sciences, bioinformatic strategies and the availability of robust databases have been synergistically integrated into modern lipidomic technologies leading to unprecedented improvements in the depth, penetrance and precision of lipidomic analyses and identification of their biological and mechanistic significance. The purpose of this "opinion" article is to briefly review the evolution of lipidomics, critique the platforms that have evolved and identify areas that are likely to emerge in the years to come. Through seamlessly integrating a rich repertoire of mass spectrometric, chemical and bioinformatic strategies, the chemical identities and quantities of tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of different lipid molecular species and their metabolic alterations during physiologic or pathophysiologic perturbations can be obtained. Thus, the field of lipidomics which already has a distinguished history of exciting new discoveries in many disease states holds unparalleled potential to identify the pleiotropic roles of lipids in health and disease at the chemical level. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: BBALIP_Lipidomics Opinion Articles edited by Sepp Kohlwein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Gross
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8020, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Chemistry, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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Zheng H, Lin Q, Wang D, Xu P, Zhao L, Hu W, Bai G, Yan Z, Gao H. NMR-based metabolomics reveals brain region-specific metabolic alterations in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with cognitive dysfunction. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:585-593. [PMID: 28070703 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9949-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) can result in cognitive dysfunction, but its potential metabolic mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we analyzed the metabolite profiling in eight different brain regions of the normal rats and the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats accompanied by cognitive dysfunction using a 1H NMR-based metabolomic approach. A mixed linear model analysis was performed to assess the effects of DM, brain region and their interaction on metabolic changes. We found that different brain regions in rats displayed significant metabolic differences. In addition, the hippocampus was more susceptible to DM compared with other brain regions in rats. More interestingly, significant interaction effects of DM and brain region were observed on alanine, creatine/creatine-phosphate, lactate, succinate, aspartate, glutamate, glutamine, γ-aminobutyric acid, glycine, choline, N-acetylaspartate, myo-inositol and taurine. Based on metabolic pathway analysis, we speculate that cognitive dysfunction in the STZ-induced diabetic rats may be associated with brain region-specific metabolic alterations involving energy metabolism, neurotransmitters, membrane metabolism and osmoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Qiuting Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Pengtao Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Liangcai Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Wenyi Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Guanghui Bai
- Radiology Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Zhihan Yan
- Radiology Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Hongchang Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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Sébédio JL. Metabolomics, Nutrition, and Potential Biomarkers of Food Quality, Intake, and Health Status. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2017; 82:83-116. [PMID: 28427537 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diet, dietary patterns, and other environmental factors such as exposure to toxins are playing an important role in the prevention/development of many diseases, like obesity, type 2 diabetes, and consequently on the health status of individuals. A major challenge nowadays is to identify novel biomarkers to detect as early as possible metabolic dysfunction and to predict evolution of health status in order to refine nutritional advices to specific population groups. Omics technologies such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics coupled with statistical and bioinformatics tools have already shown great potential in this research field even if so far only few biomarkers have been validated. For the past two decades, important analytical techniques have been developed to detect as many metabolites as possible in human biofluids such as urine, blood, and saliva. In the field of food science and nutrition, many studies have been carried out for food authenticity, quality, and safety, as well as for food processing. Furthermore, metabolomic investigations have been carried out to discover new early biomarkers of metabolic dysfunction and predictive biomarkers of developing pathologies (obesity, metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes, etc.). Great emphasis is also placed in the development of methodologies to identify and validate biomarkers of nutrients exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Sébédio
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Laboratoire de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 321, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Zheng H, Zheng Y, Zhao L, Chen M, Bai G, Hu Y, Hu W, Yan Z, Gao H. Cognitive decline in type 2 diabetic db/db mice may be associated with brain region-specific metabolic disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:266-273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Brugada-Ramentol V, de Polavieja GG, Román ÁC. Toward a Molecular Profile of Self-Representation. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:602. [PMID: 27965556 PMCID: PMC5124566 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeling embodiment over our body or body part has a major role in the understanding of the self and control of self-actions. Even though it is crucial in our daily life, embodiment is not an homogenous phenotype across population, as quantified by implicit and explicit measures (i.e., neuroimaging or self-reports). Studies have shown differences in neuropathological conditions compared to healthy controls, but also across healthy individuals. We discuss examples of self-perception differences, and the molecular origin of embodiment, focusing on clinical cases, during the first and second section. We then discuss two important questions in this molecular-to-embodiment relationship: (i) which are the molecular levels (and their associated techniques) that can be relevant to embodiment, and (ii) which are the most adequate experiments to correlate molecular profiles and embodiment quantification across individuals. Potential answers for both questions will be outlined during the third and fourth sections, respectively, in order to design a framework to study the molecular profile of body embodiment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ángel-Carlos Román
- Collective Behavior Lab, Champalimaud Research, Fundaçao Champalimaud Lisboa, Portugal
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Gonzalez-Riano C, Garcia A, Barbas C. Metabolomics studies in brain tissue: A review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 130:141-168. [PMID: 27451335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brain is still an organ with a composition to be discovered but beyond that, mental disorders and especially all diseases that curse with dementia are devastating for the patient, the family and the society. Metabolomics can offer an alternative tool for unveiling new insights in the discovery of new treatments and biomarkers of mental disorders. Until now, most of metabolomic studies have been based on biofluids: serum/plasma or urine, because brain tissue accessibility is limited to animal models or post mortem studies, but even so it is crucial for understanding the pathological processes. Metabolomics studies of brain tissue imply several challenges due to sample extraction, along with brain heterogeneity, sample storage, and sample treatment for a wide coverage of metabolites with a wide range of concentrations of many lipophilic and some polar compounds. In this review, the current analytical practices for target and non-targeted metabolomics are described and discussed with emphasis on critical aspects: sample treatment (quenching, homogenization, filtration, centrifugation and extraction), analytical methods, as well as findings considering the used strategies. Besides that, the altered analytes in the different brain regions have been associated with their corresponding pathways to obtain a global overview of their dysregulation, trying to establish the link between altered biological pathways and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gonzalez-Riano
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia Garcia
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte 28668, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte 28668, Madrid, Spain
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