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Lin HHH, Lin AYC. Peracetic acid as an alternative disinfectant for micropollutants degradation and disinfection byproducts control in outdoor swimming pools. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 464:132988. [PMID: 37979421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Peracetic acid (PAA) has garnered significant interest as a novel alternative to chlorine-based disinfectants for water treatment due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and its ability of reactive species generation when exposed to UV light. However, limited studies have investigated micropollutant degradation in the presence of PAA under solar irradiation. This is the first study to comprehensively investigate the photodegradation of caffeine (CAF) and 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) and the removal of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in the presence of PAA under simulated solar light. The study revealed that the photodegradation of CAF and 4-MBC was significantly enhanced in the presence of PAA, following pseudo-first-order kinetics (R2 > 0.98) with reaction rates (kobs) of 0.220 and 0.111 h-1, respectively. In addition, substantial reduction of 21 DBPs, including trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids and haloacetonitriles, and no DBPs formation were observed in the presence of PAA and simulated solar irradiation. The proportion of coexisting H2O2 in the PAA solution considerably influenced target compounds degradation. CAF and 4-MBC were degraded faster under acidic conditions than under alkaline conditions. Hydroxyl radicals (·OH) dominated the degradation of CAF at different pH values, while direct photolysis and other reactive species played a major role in the degradation of 4-MBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hank Hui-Hsiang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Angela Yu-Chen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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2
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Gao X, Wang X, Ma J, Liu Y. Potential and mechanism of disinfection by-products removal in drinking water by bubbling corona discharge. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 245:120624. [PMID: 37717329 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Disinfection by-products (DBPs) with significant teratogenic and carcinogenic properties have become a growing concern among the public. As an efficient and environmentally friendly technology, non-thermal plasma offers potential for removing emerging micro-pollutants. In this study, the degradation performance of bubbling corona discharge was evaluated on 24 halogenated alicyclic and aliphatic DBPs present in drinking water at concentrations ranging from ng/L to μg/L. The degradation of DBPs followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with rate constants (kobs) in the descending order of halonitromethanes (HNMs), halogenated benzoquinones (HBQs), haloacetonitriles, trihalomethanes (THMs), haloketones, halogenated aldehydes, and haloacetic acids (HAAs). THMs, HNMs, and HBQs were effectively removed within 5 min under a discharge power of 28 W. Degradation rates achieved by plasma treatment surpass those of other conventional treatment technologies. The required energy consumption was in the range of 5-30 kW·h/m3/order. Furthermore, the study investigated the effects of discharge power, initial concentration, and economic analysis on the degradation of four selected DBPs as representatives of mono-, di- and multi-carbon-containing DBPs, namely chloroform (TCM) and bromoform (TBM), tribromoacetic acid (TBAA), and 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone (TetraC-BQ). Reactive radicals in the plasma system were investigated using electron paramagnetic resonance, optical emission spectroscopy, fluorimetry, and radical scavengers. Hydrated electrons and hydroxyl radicals played an important role in the removal of DBPs. The intermediates generated during the degradation of TCM, TBM, TBAA, and TetraC-BQ were identified, and the possible degradation pathways for mono- and binary C-DBPs and HBQs were deduced. The breakdown of HBQs did not produce secondary contamination with aliphatic DBPs. The carbon in DBPs was primarily converted to formic acid, acetic acid, and oxalic acid, and the halogens were mainly converted to halogen ions. Additionally, luminescent bacteria toxicity testing confirmed that plasma treatment could reduce the acute toxicity of water samples. These findings demonstrate the potential of plasma treatment as a post-treatment device at the household level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Xianshi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Yanan Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, PR China; Shanghai institute of pollution control and ecological security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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Wu DX, Wang WL, Du Y, He L, Wu QY. Changes in toxicity and adsorbable organic bromine concentrations in ozonated reclaimed water irradiated with sunlight. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 230:119512. [PMID: 36580801 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Disinfecting reclaimed water for safe reuse can produce toxic disinfection by-products such as adsorbable organic bromine (AOBr). Irradiating stored reclaimed water with sunlight is a "green" and free method for eliminating some toxic disinfection by-products, but the effects of irradiation with sunlight on ozonated reclaimed water containing bromide are not well understood. In this study, AOBr was found at concentrations of 171-180 (µg Br)/L in ozonated reclaimed water containing bromide at a concentration of 2 (mg Br)/L and dissolved organic carbon at a concentration of ∼5 (mg C)/L. Irradiation with sunlight degraded 53-74% of the AOBr in two reclaimed water samples in 8 h, and the pseudo-first-order rate constants (k) were 0.09-0.17 h-1. The concentration of tribromomethane, a typical Br-containing disinfection by-product, was decreased by >96% by irradiation for 8 h (k = 0.42-0.47 h-1). Irradiation with sunlight decreased the toxicity of ozonated reclaimed water to Chinese hamster ovary cells. Irradiation with sunlight decreased the degree of intracellular oxidative stress and oxidative damage caused by ozonated reclaimed water. Irradiation with sunlight for 8 h decreased cytotoxicity of the ozonated reclaimed water samples by 79% and 65%. The change in AOBr concentration correlated with the change in toxicity (R2=0.69, p<0.05). The relationships between sunlight wavelength and decreases in the AOBr concentration and toxicity were assessed, and it was found that UV in sunlight was predominantly responsible for decreasing the AOBr concentration and toxicity by reclaimed water. During irradiation for 8 h, UV was responsible for 65%-66% of the decrease in the AOBr concentration and 65-79% of the decrease in reclaimed water induced cytotoxicity. Irradiation with sunlight is a promising method for degrading AOBr and detoxifying ozonated reclaimed water during storage to allow the water to be reused.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Xiu Wu
- Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wen-Long Wang
- Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ye Du
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Liu He
- Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qian-Yuan Wu
- Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Li J, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Bian Y, Hu C, Wang ZH, Feng XS. Haloacetic Acids in the Aquatic Environment. SEPARATION & PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2022.2141649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, Pei-ching 100021, China
| | - Yu Bian
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Cong Hu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Wang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
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Vasiliev ES, Karpov GV, Volkov ND, Morozov II, Savilov SV. Common Processes of the Hydration of Chloroacetic Acids. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793120060305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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The Role of Catalytic Ozonation Processes on the Elimination of DBPs and Their Precursors in Drinking Water Treatment. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11040521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water treatment (DWT) as a result of pathogen removal has always been an issue of special attention in the preparation of safe water. DBPs are formed by the action of oxidant-disinfectant chemicals, mainly chlorine derivatives (chlorine, hypochlorous acid, chloramines, etc.), that react with natural organic matter (NOM), mainly humic substances. DBPs are usually refractory to oxidation, mainly due to the presence of halogen compounds so that advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are a recommended option to deal with their removal. In this work, the application of catalytic ozonation processes (with and without the simultaneous presence of radiation), moderately recent AOPs, for the removal of humic substances (NOM), also called DBPs precursors, and DBPs themselves is reviewed. First, a short history about the use of disinfectants in DWT, DBPs formation discovery and alternative oxidants used is presented. Then, sections are dedicated to conventional AOPs applied to remove DBPs and their precursors to finalize with the description of principal research achievements found in the literature about application of catalytic ozonation processes. In this sense, aspects such as operating conditions, reactors used, radiation sources applied in their case, kinetics and mechanisms are reviewed.
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Lei X, Lei Y, Zhang X, Yang X. Treating disinfection byproducts with UV or solar irradiation and in UV advanced oxidation processes: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124435. [PMID: 33189471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the degradation kinetics and mechanisms of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) under UV and solar irradiation and in UV-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). A total of 59 such compounds are discussed. The processes evaluated are low pressure, medium pressure and vacuum UV irradiation, solar irradiation together with UV/hydrogen peroxide, UV/persulfate and UV/chlorine AOPs. Under UV and solar irradiation, the photodegradation rates of N-nitrosamines are much higher than those of halogenated DBPs. Among halogenated DBPs, those containing iodine are photodegraded more rapidly than those containing bromine or chlorine. This is due to differences in their bond energies (EN-N < EC-I < EC-Br < EC-Cl). Molar absorption coefficients at 254 nm and energy gaps can be used to predict the photodegradation rates of DBPs under low pressure UV irradiation. But many DBPs of interest cannot be degraded to half their original concentration with less than a 500 mJ cm-2 dose of low pressure UV light. HO• generally contributes to less than 30% of the degradation of DBPs except iodo-DBPs in UV/H2O2 AOPs. Reaction mechanisms under UV irradiation and in HO•-mediated oxidation are also summarized. N-N bond cleavage initiates their direct UV photolysis of N-nitrosamines as C-X cleavage does among halogenated compounds. HO• generally initiates degradation via single electron transfer, addition and hydrogen abstraction pathways. Information on the reaction rate constants of SO4•- and halogen radicals with DBPs is rather limited, and little information is available about their reaction pathways. Overall, this review provides improved understanding of UV, solar and AOPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yu Lei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xinran Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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8
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Structure of monochloroacetic acid anions in water from mass spectral data. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.138001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Wang L, Zhang Q, Chen B, Bu Y, Chen Y, Ma J, Rosario-Ortiz FL. Photolysis and photocatalysis of haloacetic acids in water: A review of kinetics, influencing factors, products, pathways, and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 391:122143. [PMID: 32045801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are a group of pollutants ubiquitous in natural environment and anthropogenic systems, and therefore in need of control. Photolysis and photocatalysis techniques via ultraviolet (UV)-based technologies have held promise for decades in degrading organic molecules in water, but their capacities in removing HAAs remain to be explored. To better understand the trends in the existing literature and to identify the knowledge gaps that may merit further exploration, this review compares the HAAs photodegradation kinetics, influencing factors, reaction products, pathways, and mechanisms for a variety of UV technologies. The selected UV processes are classified into three types: UV-only photolysis, photooxidation, and photoreduction. Overall, although trends vary significantly depending upon many factors, the photo-susceptibility of HAAs always increases with rising molecular weight of substituted halogen atom(s), with those chlorinated HAAs being the most refractory species. Notably, while many processes proved hydroxyl radical (OH) as the forcing driver, the patterns of kinetics among HAAs were not consistent among processes, suggesting that OH was not the only driver. Compared to earlier studies focusing on specific technologies to treat numerous contaminants through a material perspective, this review commits to understanding the commonalities and differences among multiple UV-based technologies in treating only one group of compound mainly via a chemistry viewpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), 518055, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), 518055, China
| | - Baiyang Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), 518055, China.
| | - Yinan Bu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), 518055, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), 518055, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Fernando L Rosario-Ortiz
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, 428 UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, United States
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Almassi S, Samonte PRV, Li Z, Xu W, Chaplin BP. Mechanistic Investigation of Haloacetic Acid Reduction Using Carbon-Ti 4O 7 Composite Reactive Electrochemical Membranes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:1982-1991. [PMID: 31876410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-Ti4O7 composite reactive electrochemical membranes (REMs) were studied for adsorption and electrochemical reduction of haloacetic acids (HAAs). Powder activated carbon (PAC) or multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were used in these composites. Results from flow-through adsorption experiments with dibromoacetic acid (DBAA) as a model HAA were interpreted with a transport model. It was estimated that ∼46% of C in the MWCNT-REM and ∼10% of C in the PAC-REM participated in adsorption reactions. Electrochemical reduction of 1 mg L-1 DBAA in 10 mM KH2PO4/K2HPO4 at -1.5 V/SHE (hydraulic residence time, ∼11 s) resulted in 73, 94, and 96% DBAA reduction for Ti4O7, PAC-Ti4O7, and MWCNT-Ti4O7 REMs, respectively. The reactive-transport model yielded kobs values between 9.16 and 33.3 min-1, which were 2 to 4 orders of magnitude higher than previously reported. PAC-Ti4O7 REM was tested with tap water spiked with 0.11 mg L-1 of nine different HAAs in a similar reduction experiment. The results indicated that all HAAs were reduced to <20 μg L-1. Moreover, the total combined concentration of five regulated HAAs was lower than the regulatory limit (60 μg L-1). Density functional theory simulations suggest that a direct electron transfer reaction was the probable rate-determining step for HAA reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroush Almassi
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Illinois at Chicago , 945 West Taylor Street , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
| | - Pamela Rose V Samonte
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Villanova University , 800 East Lancaster Avenue , Villanova , Pennsylvania 19085 , United States
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Villanova University , 800 East Lancaster Avenue , Villanova , Pennsylvania 19085 , United States
| | - Wenqing Xu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Villanova University , 800 East Lancaster Avenue , Villanova , Pennsylvania 19085 , United States
| | - Brian P Chaplin
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Illinois at Chicago , 945 West Taylor Street , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
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Bruzzoniti MC, Rivoira L, Meucci L, Fungi M, Bocina M, Binetti R, Castiglioni M. Towards the revision of the drinking water directive 98/83/EC. Development of a direct injection ion chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric method for the monitoring of fifteen common and emerging disinfection by-products along the drinking water supply chain. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1605:360350. [PMID: 31378527 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
According to the recent proposal released by the European Commission for the revision of the 98/83/EC Directive, water suppliers will be requested to monitor the nine bromine- and chlorine congeners of haloacetic acids, HAAs, as well as the oxyhalides chlorite and chlorate, as disinfection by-products (DBPs) originated during the potabilization process. In this work, we propose a direct-injection method based on ion chromatography and mass spectrometric detection for the determination of the mentioned DBPs as well as bromate (already included in the 98/83/EC), implemented also for the following emerging HAAs monoiodo-, chloroiodo- and diiodo-acetic acids. The method was optimized to include the fifteen compounds in the same analytical run, tuning the chromatographic (column and gradient) and detection conditions (suppression current, transitions, RF lens settings and collision energies). To avoid matrix effect and to manage the instrumental conditions, optimization was performed directly in drinking water matrix. The method quantitation limits satisfy the new limits imposed by the future directive and range from 0.08 μg/L (monobromoacetic acid) to 0.34 μg/L (trichloroacetic acid). The performance of the method was checked along different strategic sampling points of three potabilization plants serving the city of Turin (Italy), including intermediate treatments and finished waters. Recovery was checked according to the ±30% limit of acceptability set by EPA regulations. The effect of disproportionate concentrations of chlorite and chlorate in respect to HAAs on HAA signals was studied; this aspect is underestimated in literature. The method is routinely applied by the potabilization plant of the city of Turin to confirm the effectiveness of all control measures in abstraction, treatment, distribution and storage. This study represents the first example in Italy of development and use of a cutting-edge technique for HAAs analysis along the potabilization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Rivoira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, via P. Giuria 7, Torino, Italy
| | - Lorenza Meucci
- SMAT S.p.A., Research Centre, C.so Unità d'Italia 235/3, Torino, Italy
| | - Martino Fungi
- SMAT S.p.A., Research Centre, C.so Unità d'Italia 235/3, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Bocina
- SMAT S.p.A., Research Centre, C.so Unità d'Italia 235/3, Torino, Italy
| | - Rita Binetti
- SMAT S.p.A., Research Centre, C.so Unità d'Italia 235/3, Torino, Italy
| | - Michele Castiglioni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, via P. Giuria 7, Torino, Italy
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Chang X, Yao X, Ding N, Yin X, Zheng Q, Lu S, Shuai D, Sun Y. Photocatalytic degradation of trihalomethanes and haloacetonitriles on graphitic carbon nitride under visible light irradiation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 682:200-207. [PMID: 31121346 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetonitriles (HANs), most common disinfection by-products in drinking water, pose adverse environmental impacts and potential risks to human health. There is a pressing need to develop innovative, economically feasible, and environmentally benign processes to control these persistent contaminants. In this paper, visible-light-responsive graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) samples were synthesized to degrade the THMs and HANs and the photocatalytic degradation mechanism was explored. The results indicated that a carbon-doped g-C3N4 with an optimum dopant content (MCB0.07) displayed the best photocatalytic activity for the total trihalomethanes (TTHM) and total haloacetonitriles (THAN), with the reaction rate constant of 11.6 and 10.4 (10-3 min-1), respectively. MCB0.07 demonstrated a high THMs and HANs removal efficiency under visible light irradiation and could be reused. According to scavenger tests of the selected reactive species and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, holes play a dominant role for both THMs and HANs degradation on the MCB0.07. The degradation of HANs by holes proceeded mainly through breakage of the CC bond in the CCN group. The THMs degradation was achieved through hydrogen abstraction or/and dehalogenation. The brominated-THMs/HANs were more photosensitive than their chlorinated analogous and were less stable than bromo-chloro-THMs/HANs. This study sheds light on the mechanism of the photocatalytic degradation of THMs and HANs under visible light irradiation by carbon-doped g-C3N4. Furthermore, it could provide insights for engineering applications and contaminant control in drinking water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueming Chang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiaolong Yao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiufeng Yin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Qinmin Zheng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, US
| | - Songliu Lu
- Tus-Water Group Limited, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Danmeng Shuai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, US
| | - Yingxue Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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Hama Aziz KH. Application of different advanced oxidation processes for the removal of chloroacetic acids using a planar falling film reactor. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 228:377-383. [PMID: 31042611 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are considered as an effective and promising method for the degradation and mineralization of aqueous recalcitrant organic pollutants. In this study, application of ozonation and various types of AOPs including photocatalysis, Fenton alone and their combinations were investigated and compared for the degradation and mineralization of chloroacetic acids (CAAs) in aqueous solutions, using a planar falling film reactor. CAAs are widely available in water treated by chlorination processes and are resistance against ozonation in the darkness. The results of the present work showed that the plain ozonation was inefficient method for the destruction of the CAAs as only about 2% degradation was observed after 90 min treatment. However, the best results were achieved by ozone in combinations with other oxidation processes. Furthermore, a synergistic effect on the removal rate was observed when these processes were exposed to the UVA light. Among the examined processes, combination of photo-Fenton with ozonation was found to be the fastest one for CAAs degradation. The effects of different parameters such as initial concentration of Fe2⁺, H₂O₂ and CAAs in photo-Fenton combined with ozonation were investigated. The optimum ratio of 0.12 of Fe2⁺/H₂O₂ concentration was found to give the best result for CAAs degradation. The degree of CAAs mineralization, measured by the total organic carbon removal, as well as the effect of falling liquid film flow rate on the removal of CAAs were also studied and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosar Hikmat Hama Aziz
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street Sulaimani City 46001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq; Komar Research Center (KRC), Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimani City 46001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq; Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry and Air Quality, Brandenburg University of Technology (BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg), D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
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14
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Removal of dichloroacetic acid from aqueous solution using non-thermal plasma generated by dielectric barrier discharge and nano-pulse corona discharge. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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15
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Yang L, Chen X, She Q, Cao G, Liu Y, Chang VWC, Tang CY. Regulation, formation, exposure, and treatment of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in swimming pool waters: A critical review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:1039-1057. [PMID: 30392941 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The microbial safety of swimming pool waters (SPWs) becomes increasingly important with the popularity of swimming activities. Disinfection aiming at killing microbes in SPWs produces disinfection by-products (DBPs), which has attracted considerable public attentions due to their high frequency of occurrence, considerable concentrations and potent toxicity. We reviewed the latest research progress within the last four decades on the regulation, formation, exposure, and treatment of DBPs in the context of SPWs. This paper specifically discussed DBP regulations in different regions, formation mechanisms related with disinfectants, precursors and other various conditions, human exposure assessment reflected by biomarkers or epidemiological evidence, and the control and treatment of DBPs. Compared to drinking water with natural organic matter as the main organic precursor of DBPs, the additional human inputs (i.e., body fluids and personal care products) to SPWs make the water matrix more complicated and lead to the formation of more types and greater concentrations of DBPs. Dermal absorption and inhalation are two main exposure pathways for trihalomethanes while ingestion for haloacetic acids, reflected by DBP occurrence in human matrices including exhaled air, urine, blood, and plasma. Studies show that membrane filtration, advanced oxidation processes, biodegradation, thermal degradation, chemical reduction, and some hybrid processes are the potential DBP treatment technologies. The removal efficiency, possible mechanisms and future challenges of these DBP treatment methods are summarized in this review, which may facilitate their full-scale applications and provide potential directions for further research extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyan Yang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xueming Chen
- Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Qianhong She
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Guomin Cao
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yongdi Liu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Victor W-C Chang
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore; Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Chuyang Y Tang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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16
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Tavakolmoghadam M, Mohammadi T. Application of Colloidal Precipitation Method Using Sodium Polymethacrylate as Dispersant for TiO2
/PVDF Membrane Preparation and Its Antifouling Properties. POLYM ENG SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Toraj Mohammadi
- Research and technology Centre for Membrane processes, Faculty of Chemical Engineering; Iran University of Science and Technology; Tehran Iran
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17
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Wang L, Sun Y, Chen B. Rejection of haloacetic acids in water by multi-stage reverse osmosis: Efficiency, mechanisms, and influencing factors. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 144:383-392. [PMID: 30056322 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Among available technologies to ensure drinking water security, reverse osmosis (RO) has become the gold-standard for purification due to its maturity and reliability. However, high energy consumption and low water recovery are the major impediments for extensive adoption of RO. Multi-stage RO process is an innovative system design that can offer a more effective way to improve energy efficiency and water recovery, but it is rarely employed for disinfection by-product (DBP) treatment in drinking water. Thus, this study applied multi-stage RO to treat water containing haloacetic acids (HAAs), a prevalent class of DBPs with widespread occurrence and high toxicity, under a variety of environmental and operational conditions. Overall, we found that >75% HAAs were rejected and 87% of water was recovered with a five-stage RO process. For compounds with identical number of halogen substitutions, iodinated, brominated, and chlorinated HAAs were almost equally removed; however, highly halogenated species were easier to be rejected than lowly halogenated HAAs. By developing quantitative structure-activity relationship models, the importance of size exclusion, charge repulsion, and hydrophobic interaction effects on multi-stage RO removal was revealed. Environmental and operational variables like pH, operating pressure, water matrix, and membrane age also played important roles in this process. Increasing pH from 6.5 to 8.5 and membrane age apparently enhanced HAA rejections. In contrast, HAA rejection increased only slightly from an operating pressure of 4-6 bars but decreased markedly from 6 to 8 bars. Compared to ultrapure water, equal or higher removal efficiency was observed for HAAs spiked to tap water. Considering the need to balance water quality and quantity, a four-stage RO was preferred under this study's condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), 518055, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), 518055, China
| | - Baiyang Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), 518055, China.
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18
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Neelam, Meyerstein D, Burg A, Shamir D, Albo Y. Polyoxometalates entrapped in sol-gel matrices as electron exchange columns and catalysts for the reductive de-halogenation of halo-organic acids in water. J COORD CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2018.1515926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neelam
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Dan Meyerstein
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ariela Burg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Dror Shamir
- Department of Chemistry, Nuclear Research Centre Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yael Albo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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19
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Kozicki M, Kwiatos K, Dudek M, Stempien' Z. Radiochromic gels for UV radiation measurements in 3D. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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20
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Aslani H, Nasseri S, Nabizadeh R, Mesdaghinia A, Alimohammadi M, Nazmara S. Haloacetic acids degradation by an efficient Ferrate/UV process: Byproduct analysis, kinetic study, and application of response surface methodology for modeling and optimization. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 203:218-228. [PMID: 28783018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Haloacetic acids (HAAs) after trihalomethanes are the second main group of chlorination byproducts. In this study, decomposition of the two most common HAAs in drinking water was studied by an advanced oxidation process using a combination of Ferrate [Fe(VI)] and UV irradiation. The decomposition rate was measured, and the byproducts formed during the process and the mass balances were also analyzed. HAAs were quantified by GC-ECD, and the final products including acetate and chloride ions were measured by ion chromatography (IC). A central composite design was used for the experimental design, and the effect of four variables including the initial HAA concentration, pH, Fe(VI) dosage, and contact time were investigated by response surface methodology (RSM). Dichloroacetic acid decomposed more easily than TCAA. Results show that when TCAA and DCAA were studied individually, the degradation rates were 0.0179 and 0.0632 min-1, respectively. When the HAAs were simultaneously placed in the reactor, the decomposition rates of both TCAA and DCAA decreased dramatically. In this case their decomposition rate constants decreased by 67% and 49%, respectively. In the mixture, the decomposition rate of DCAA was 2.5 times higher than that of TCAA. In summary, Fe(VI)/UV process can be used as a promising treatment option for the decomposition of recalcitrant organic pollutants such as HAAs, and RSM can be used for modeling and optimizing the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Aslani
- Health and Environment Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Simin Nasseri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Water Quality Research, Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ramin Nabizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Air Quality Research, Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Mesdaghinia
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahmood Alimohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shahrokh Nazmara
- Center for Water Quality Research, Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Kozicki M, Kwiatos K, Kadlubowski S, Dudek M. TTC-Pluronic 3D radiochromic gel dosimetry of ionizing radiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 62:5668-5690. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa77eb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Yang L, She Q, Wan MP, Wang R, Chang VWC, Tang CY. Removal of haloacetic acids from swimming pool water by reverse osmosis and nanofiltration. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 116:116-125. [PMID: 28324708 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies report high concentrations of haloacetic acids (HAAs), a prevalent class of toxic disinfection by-products, in swimming pool water (SPW). We investigated the removal of 9 HAAs by four commercial reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes. Under typical SPW conditions (pH 7.5 and 50 mM ionic strength), HAA rejections were >60% for NF270 with molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) equal to 266 Da and equal or higher than 90% for XLE, NF90 and SB50 with MWCOs of 96, 118 and 152 Da, respectively, as a result of the combined effects of size exclusion and charge repulsion. We further included 7 neutral hydrophilic surrogates as molecular probes to resolve the rejection mechanisms. In the absence of strong electrostatic interaction (e.g., pH 3.5), the rejection data of HAAs and surrogates by various membranes fall onto an identical size-exclusion (SE) curve when plotted against the relative-size parameter, i.e., the ratio of molecular radius over membrane pore radius. The independence of this SE curve on molecular structures and membrane properties reveals that the relative-size parameter is a more fundamental SE descriptor compared to molecular weight. An effective molecular size with the Stokes radius accounting for size exclusion and the Debye length accounting for electrostatic interaction was further used to evaluate the rejection. The current study provides valuable insights on the rejection of trace contaminants by RO/NF membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyan Yang
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Qianhong She
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre (SMTC), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore; School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Man Pun Wan
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Rong Wang
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre (SMTC), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore; Division of Environmental and Water Resources, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Victor W-C Chang
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore; Division of Environmental and Water Resources, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Chuyang Y Tang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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23
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Adhikary J, Meistelman M, Burg A, Shamir D, Meyerstein D, Albo Y. Reductive Dehalogenation of Monobromo‐ and Tribromoacetic Acid by Sodium Borohydride Catalyzed by Gold Nanoparticles Entrapped in Sol–Gel Matrices Follows Different Pathways. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ariela Burg
- Chemical Engineering Department Sami Shamoon College of Engineering Beer‐Sheva Israel
| | - Dror Shamir
- Chemistry Department Nuclear Research Centre Negev Beer‐Sheva Israel
| | - Dan Meyerstein
- Chemical Sciences Department Ariel University Ariel Israel
- Chemistry Department Ben‐Gurion University Beer‐Sheva Israel
| | - Yael Albo
- Chemical Engineering Department Ariel University Ariel Israel
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24
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Shet A, Shetty K V. Photocatalytic degradation of phenol using Ag core-TiO 2 shell (Ag@TiO 2) nanoparticles under UV light irradiation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:20055-20064. [PMID: 26564193 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5579-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ag@TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by one pot synthesis method with postcalcination. These nanoparticles were tested for their photocatalytic efficacies in degradation of phenol both in free and immobilized forms under UV light irradiation through batch experiments. Ag@TiO2 nanoparticles were found to be the effective photocatalysts for degradation of phenol. The effects of factors such as pH, initial phenol concentration, and catalyst loading on phenol degradation were evaluated, and these factors were found to influence the process efficiency. The optimum values of these factors were determined to maximize the phenol degradation. The efficacy of the nanoparticles immobilized on cellulose acetate film was inferior to that of free nanoparticles in UV photocatalysis due to light penetration problem and diffusional limitations. The performance of fluidized bed photocatalytic reactor operated under batch with recycle mode was evaluated for UV photocatalysis with immobilized Ag@TiO2 nanoparticles. In the fluidized bed reactor, the percentage degradation of phenol was found to increase with the increase in catalyst loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amruta Shet
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal, Srinivasnagar Post, Mangalore, 575025, India
| | - Vidya Shetty K
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal, Srinivasnagar Post, Mangalore, 575025, India.
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25
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Abusallout I, Hua G. Photolytic dehalogenation of disinfection byproducts in water by natural sunlight irradiation. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 159:184-192. [PMID: 27289205 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aqueous photolysis of halogenated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) by natural sunlight irradiation was studied to determine their photolytic dehalogenation kinetics. Total organic halogen analysis was used to quantify the dehalogenation extents of DBPs during outdoor photolysis experiments. Dichloroacetamide, chloral hydrate, chloroform, dichloroacetonitrile, monochloro-, monobromo-, dichloro-, dibromo-, and trichloroacetic acids were generally resistant to photolytic dehalogenation and showed less than 10% reduction after 6 h sunlight irradiation. Monoiodoacetic acid, tribromoacetic acid, bromoform, dibromoacetonitrile, and trichloronitromethane showed moderate to high dehalogenation degrees with half-lives of 4.0-19.3 h. Diiodoacetic acid, triiodoacetic acid, and iodoform degraded rapidly under the sunlight irradiation and exhibited half-lives of 5.3-10.2 min. In general, the photosensitive cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds of DBPs increased with increasing number of halogens (tri- > di- > mono-halogenated) and size of the substituted halogens (I > Br > Cl). Nitrate, nitrite, and pH had little impact on the photodehalogenation of DBPs under typical levels in surface waters. The presence of natural organic matter (NOM) inhibited the photodehalogenation of DBPs by light screening. The NOM inhibiting effects were more pronounced for the fast degrading iodinated DBPs. The results of this study improve our understanding about the photolytic dehalogenation of wastewater-derived DBPs in surface waters during water reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Abusallout
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Guanghui Hua
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
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26
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Abusallout I, Hua G. Natural solar photolysis of total organic chlorine, bromine and iodine in water. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 92:69-77. [PMID: 26841230 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Municipal wastewater has been increasingly used to augment drinking water supplies due to the growing water scarcity. Wastewater-derived disinfection byproducts (DBPs) may negatively affect the aquatic ecosystems and human health of downstream communities during water reuse. The objective of this research was to determine the degradation kinetics of total organic chlorine (TOCl), bromine (TOBr) and iodine (TOI) in water by natural sunlight irradiation. Outdoor solar photolysis experiments were performed to investigate photolytic degradation of the total organic halogen (TOX) formed by fulvic acid and real water and wastewater samples. The results showed that TOX degradation by sunlight irradiation followed the first-order kinetics with half-lives in the range of 2.6-10.7 h for different TOX compounds produced by fulvic acid. The TOX degradation rates were generally in the order of TOI > TOBr ≅ TOCl(NH2Cl) > TOCl(Cl2). High molecular weight TOX was more susceptible to solar photolysis than corresponding low molecular weight halogenated compounds. The nitrate and sulfite induced indirect TOX photolysis rates were less than 50% of the direct photolysis rates under the conditions of this study. Fulvic acid and turbidity in water reduced TOX photodegradation. These results contribute to a better understanding of the fate of chlorinated, brominated and iodinated DBPs in surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Abusallout
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Guanghui Hua
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
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27
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Tang HL, Xie YF. Biologically active carbon filtration for haloacetic acid removal from swimming pool water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 541:58-64. [PMID: 26398451 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A biologically activate carbon (BAC) filter was continuously operated on site for the treatment of haloacetic acids (HAAs) in an outdoor swimming pool at an average empty bed contact time (EBCT) of 5.8 min. Results showed that BAC filtration was a viable technology for direct removal of HAAs from the pool water with a nominal efficiency of 57.7% by the filter while the chlorine residuals were 1.71 ± 0.90 mg/L during the study. THMs and TOC were not removed and thus were not considered as indicators of the effectiveness of BAC filtration. Increased EBCT in the range of 4.5 and 6.4 min led to improved HAA removal performance, which could be best fit by a logarithmic regression model. BAC filtration also affected the HAA speciation by removing more dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) than trichloroacetic acid (TCAA), resulting in a lower ratio of DCAA/TCAA in the filtered effluent. However, the observation of an overall constant ratio could be attributable to a complex formation and degradation mechanism occurring in swimming pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao L Tang
- Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Minn Water LLC, Minneapolis, MN 55441, USA.
| | - Yuefeng F Xie
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Environmental Engineering Programs, The Pennsylvania State University, Middletown, PA 17057, USA
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28
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Orudzhev FF, Aliev ZM, Gasanova FG, Isaev AB, Shabanov NS. Photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of phenol on TiO2 nanotubes under oxygen pressure. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193515110130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Simard S, Tardif R, Rodriguez MJ. Variability of chlorination by-product occurrence in water of indoor and outdoor swimming pools. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:1763-1772. [PMID: 23351434 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Swimming is one of the most popular aquatic activities. Just like natural water, public pool water may contain microbiological and chemical contaminants. The purpose of this study was to study the presence of chemical contaminants in swimming pools, in particular the presence of disinfection by-products (DBPs) such as trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs) and inorganic chloramines (CAMi). Fifty-four outdoor and indoor swimming pools were investigated over a period of one year (monthly or bi-weekly sampling, according to the type of pool) for the occurrence of DBPs. The results showed that DBP levels in swimming pools were greater than DBP levels found in drinking water, especially for HAAs. Measured concentrations of THMs (97.9 vs 63.7 μg/L in average) and HAAs (807.6 vs 412.9 μg/L in average) were higher in outdoor pools, whereas measured concentrations of CAMi (0.1 vs 0.8 mg/L in average) were higher in indoor pools. Moreover, outdoor pools with heated water contained more DBPs than unheated pools. Finally, there was significant variability in tTHM, HAA9 and CAMi levels in pools supplied by the same municipal drinking water network, suggesting that individual pool characteristics (number of swimmers) and management strategies play a major role in DBP formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Simard
- Centre de recherche en aménagement et développement, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
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30
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Existence of a robust haloacid transport system in a Burkholderia species bacterium. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1828:187-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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Electrocatalytic dechlorination of chloroacetic acids by silver nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode. J Solid State Electrochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-011-1457-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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32
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Najafi M, Mollazadeh M. Selective recognition of chloroacetic acids by imprinted polyaniline film. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Chen B, Lee W, Westerhoff PK, Krasner SW, Herckes P. Solar photolysis kinetics of disinfection byproducts. WATER RESEARCH 2010; 44:3401-3409. [PMID: 20417540 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) discharged from wastewater treatment plants may impair aquatic ecosystems and downstream drinking-water quality. Sunlight photolysis, as one process by which DBPs may dissipate in the receiving surface water, was investigated. Outdoor natural sunlight experiments were conducted in water for a series of carbonaceous DBPs (trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, halopropanones, and haloacetaldehydes) and nitrogenous DBPs (nitrosamines, halonitromethanes, and haloacetonitriles). Their pseudo-first-order rate constants for photolytic degradation were then used to calibrate quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) parameters, which, in return, predicted the photolysis potentials of other DBPs or related compounds. Nitrogenous DBPs were found to be more susceptible to solar irradiation than carbonaceous DBPs, with general rankings for the functional groups as follows: N-nitroso (N-NO)>nitro (NO(2))>nitrile (CN)>carbonyl (CO)>carboxyl (COOH). Compounds containing a high degree of halogenation (e.g., three halogens) were usually less stable than less halogenated species (e.g., those with two halogens). Bromine- or iodine-substituted species were more photosensitive than chlorinated analogs. While most bromine- and chlorine-containing trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids persisted over the 6-h test, nearly complete removal (>99%) of nitrosamines occurred within 1 h of sunlight exposure. Indoor laboratory experiments using simulated sunlight demonstrated that the degradation of nitrosamines was approximately 50% slower when organic matter was present, and approximately 11% slower in non-filtered water than in filtered water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyang Chen
- Chinese Environmental Scholars and Professionals Network, 11900 Stonehollow Drive, Apartment 338, Austin, TX 78758, USA.
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Wang K, Guo J, Yang M, Junji H, Deng R. Decomposition of two haloacetic acids in water using UV radiation, ozone and advanced oxidation processes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 162:1243-1248. [PMID: 18692959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2007] [Revised: 04/23/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The decomposition of two haloacetic acids (HAAs), dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA), from water was studied by means of single oxidants: ozone, UV radiation; and by the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) constituted by combinations of O(3)/UV radiation, H(2)O(2)/UV radiation, O(3)/H(2)O(2), O(3)/H(2)O(2)/UV radiation. The concentrations of HAAs were analyzed at specified time intervals to elucidate the decomposition of HAAs. Single O(3) or UV did not result in perceptible decomposition of HAAs within the applied reaction time. O(3)/UV showed to be more suitable for the decomposition of DCAA and TCAA in water among the six methods of oxidation. Decomposition of DCAA was easier than TCAA by AOPs. For O(3)/UV in the semi-continuous mode, the effective utilization rate of ozone for HAA decomposition decreased with ozone addition. The kinetics of HAAs decomposition by O(3)/UV and the influence of coexistent humic acids and HCO(3)(-) on the decomposition process were investigated. The decomposition of the HAAs by the O(3)/UV accorded with the pseudo-first-order mode under the constant initial dissolved O(3) concentration and fixed UV radiation. The pseudo-first-order rate constant for the decomposition of DCAA was more than four times that for TCAA. Humic acids can cause the H(2)O(2) accumulation and the decrease in rate constants of HAAs decomposition in the O(3)/UV process. The rate constants for the decomposition of DCAA and TCAA decreased by 41.1% and 23.8%, respectively, when humic acids were added at a concentration of 1.2mgTOC/L. The rate constants decreased by 43.5% and 25.9%, respectively, at an HCO(3)(-) concentration of 1.0mmol/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunping Wang
- Chinese Education Ministry Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China.
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Církva V, Žabová H, Hájek M. Microwave photocatalysis of mono-chloroacetic acid over nanoporous titanium(IV) oxide thin films using mercury electrodeless discharge lamps. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2008.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Li YP, Cao HB, Zhang Y. Electrochemical dechlorination of chloroacetic acids (CAAs) using hemoglobin-loaded carbon nanotube electrode. CHEMOSPHERE 2006; 63:359-64. [PMID: 16185744 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2005] [Revised: 06/28/2005] [Accepted: 07/10/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) was immobilized on carbon nanotube (CNT) electrode to catalyze the dechlorination of chloroacetic acids (CAAs), and the electrocatalytic behaviors of the Hb-loaded electrode for the dechlorination of trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) were studied by cyclic voltammetry and constant-potential electrolysis technique. An Hb-loaded packed-bed flow reactor was also constructed for bioelectrocatalytic dechloriantion of CAAs from drinking water. The results showed that the reduced heme of Hb immobilized on CNT electrode was easily regenerated, and Hb exhibited a stable and high activity for reductive dechlorination of CAAs with significant lowering of overpotential. TCAA could be reduced at -0.450 V (vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE)) with catalysis of Hb-loaded electrode and its dechlorination was stepwise, following the pathway of TCAA-->dichloroacetic acid (DCAA)-->monochloroacetic acid (MCAA)-->acetic acid. It was also found that all CAAs, e.g., TCAA, DCAA and MCAA, could be dechlorinated completely at -0.450 V. The removal of 30.0 mM TCAA and DCAA is ca. 40% and 31%, respectively, with electrolysis for 100 min at -0.600 V (vs. SCE) using the Hb-loaded packed-bed flow reactor. The dechlorination activities of CAAs follow the decreasing order: TCAA>DCAA>MCAA, and the average current efficiency is over 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ping Li
- Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 353, Beijing 100080, China
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Torz M, Beschkov V. Biodegradation of monochloroacetic acid used as a sole carbon and energy source by Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ10 strain in batch and continuous culture. Biodegradation 2005; 16:423-33. [PMID: 15865156 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-004-3614-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Batch and continuous mode degradation of monochloroacetic acid used as a sole carbon and energy source in the concentration range of 0.9-48.4 mM by pure culture of Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ10 was investigated. The substrate was completely degraded in each flask in batch system. Partial substrate inhibition occurred at the concentrations exceeding 25.4 mM. Temporary accumulation of glycolic acid in the medium indicated that dehalogenation was undergoing faster than further utilization of glycolate. Three different carbon substrates were used for inoculum preparation--1,2-dichloroethane, tri-sodium citrate and a nutrient broth. The fastest growth on monochloroacetate occurred for 1,2-dichloroethane-grown inoculum. The assays of haloacid dehalogenase in crude extract indicated that the bacteria grown on 1,2-dichloroethane possessed higher level of the enzyme. The response of the GJ10 culture towards spikes of 20 mM monochloroacetate was tested in 2.5-1 continuously stirred tank fermentor. The substrate was readily utilized within 7-8 h. Continuous degradation of monochloroacetate in the fermentor was demonstrated for monochloroacetate concentration of 20 mM and dilution rate 0.016 h(-1). Quantitative agreement between the amount of monochloroacetate introduced and chloride released was found. The results demonstrated that the strain X. autotrophicus GJ10 might be suitable for biodegradation of monochloroacetate contaminated media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Torz
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 103, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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