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Cao X, Li X, Wang H, Zhang S, Zhang H, Sakamaki T, Li X. The promotion of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons degradation mechanism by humic acid as electron mediator in a sediment microbial electrochemical system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 404:130909. [PMID: 38815696 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
To enhance the removal efficiencies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments and to elucidate the mechanisms by which microbial electrochemical action aids in the degradation of PAHs, humic acid was used as an electron mediator in the microbial electrochemical system in this study. The results revealed that the addition of humic acids led to increases in the removal efficiencies of naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene by 45.91%, 97.83%, and 85.56%, respectively, in areas remote from the anode, when compared to the control group. The investigation into the microbial community structure and functional attributes showed that the presence of humic acid did not significantly modify the microbial community composition or its functional expression at the anode. However, an examination of humic acid transformations demonstrated that humic acid extended the electron transfer range in sediment via the redox reactions of quinone and semiquinone groups, thereby facilitating the PAHs degradation within the sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Cao
- College of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- College of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Haochi Zhang
- Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Takashi Sakamaki
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba Aramaki 6-6-06, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Xianning Li
- College of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
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Sadauskas-Henrique H, Braz-Mota S, Campos DF, Dos Santos Barroso H, Kochhann D, Luis Val A, Maria Fonseca de Almeida-Val V. Oil spill in an amazon blackwater environment: Biochemical and physiological responses of local fish species. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 250:118347. [PMID: 38309567 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The accidental spill of petroleum asphalt cement (PAC) in São Raimundo (SR Harbor, located on the Rio Negro (Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil) was monitored through the analysis of polyciclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water and a set of biomarkers in fishes (exposure biomarkes: PAHs-type metabolites concentrations in bile; the activities of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in liver. Effect biomarkers: lipid peroxidation concentration (LPO) in liver, acetylcholinesterase activity in brain, and genotoxic DNA damage in erythrocytes). Two fish species, Acarichthys heckelii and Satanoperca jurupari, were collected 10, 45, and 90 days after the PAC spill in São Raimundo. At the same time, fish were collected from the Tupé Sustainable Development Reserve (Tupé) which served as a reference area. The sampling periods were related to the rising waters of the natural flood pulse of the Rio Negro. Higher concentrations of PAHs in water were observed at 10 and 45 days and returned to the values of TP 90 days after the PAC spill, a period in which harbor waters rose about 0.2 m. Unlike the PAHs in water, biomarker responses in both fish species significantly increased following the PAC spill in SR. Hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), PAH-like metabolites in bile, and erythrocyte DNA damage increases, together with inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the brain were the most evident responses for both fish species. The calculated pyrolytic index showed mixed sources of PAHs (petrogenic and pyrolytic). The applied PCA-FA indicated important relationships between dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and PAHs concentrations in water, where DOC and PAHs concentrations contributed to biomarkers responses for both fish species in all collection periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Sadauskas-Henrique
- Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Av. André Araújo 2936, 69083-000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; UNISANTA (Universidade Santa Cecília), Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Bioquímica de Organismos Aquáticos, Rua Oswaldo Cruz 277 (Boqueirão), 11045-907, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Susana Braz-Mota
- Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Av. André Araújo 2936, 69083-000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Derek Felipe Campos
- Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Av. André Araújo 2936, 69083-000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Hiléia Dos Santos Barroso
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde (ESA), Universidade Estadual do Amazonas (UEA), Av. Carvalho Leal 1777, 69065-001, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Daiani Kochhann
- Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Av. André Araújo 2936, 69083-000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; Acaraú Valley State University, Center of Agrarian and Biological Sciences, Av. da Universidade 850, 62010-295, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Luis Val
- Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Av. André Araújo 2936, 69083-000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Fonseca de Almeida-Val
- Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Av. André Araújo 2936, 69083-000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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Deng X, Mao L, Peng M, Cai Y, Wang T, Luo Z, Kumar A. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coastal rivers in Jiangsu Province, China: Spatial distribution, source apportionment and human impacts. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133576. [PMID: 38278070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The ocean is the ultimate sink for all pollutants, rivers are important channels for land-based pollutants to enter the oceans. Riverine transport of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to coastal seas in China poses environmental threats. This study examined the spatial and temporal distribution of PAHs in coastal rivers in Yancheng City in Jiangsu Province of China, with the aim of identifying their likely sources, concentrations, and influencing factors. Surface sediments were taken from the Xinyanggang River (XYR) and the Sheyang River (SYR). The concentrations of Ʃ16PAHs in river sediments were measured on average 477.05 ng/g dry weight (dw), with values varying from 2.18 to 6351.42 ng/g, indicating a moderate pollution level, with a dominance of high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs. The XYR exhibited significantly higher PAHs concentrations compared to the SYR. The key sources of PAHs were vehicle emissions (47.87%), coal and natural gas combustion (35.07%). Geographically weighted regression and redundancy analysis linked PAHs pollution to distinct land use patterns and socioeconomic indicators, highlighting urban land as the major contributor, driven by high urbanization and industrialization (70.91%). In XYR, industrial activities and transport emissions were major contributors, while in SYR, agricultural activities predominantly influenced PAHs pollution. Urgent mitigation strategies are needed to reduce PAHs pollution in river sediments, mitigating ecological and human risks associated with these contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Deng
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Longjiang Mao
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Mo Peng
- Jiangsu Provincial Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Yuqi Cai
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Zhuhua Luo
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Amit Kumar
- School of Hydrology and Water resources, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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Liu J, Zhang A, Yang Z, Wei C, Yang L, Liu Y. Distribution characteristics, source analysis and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments of Kuye River: a river in a typical energy and chemical industry zone. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:89. [PMID: 38367204 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01802-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
This study systematically analyzed the distribution characteristics, sources, and ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Kuye River sediments, located in an energy and chemical industry base in northern Shaanxi, China. The results that revealed the concentrations of 16 PAHs in the sediment ranged from 1090.04 to 32,175.68 ng∙g-1 dw, with the four-ring PAHs accounting for the highest proportion. Positive matrix factorization analysis (PMF) revealed the main sources of PAHs as incomplete fossil fuel combustion, biomass combustion, and traffic emissions. The total toxic equivalent concentration of BaP, risk quotient, and lifetime carcinogenic risk of PAHs suggested moderate to high contamination of PAHs in the area. The higher incremental lifetime carcinogenic risk (ILCR) indicated that PAH ingestion was the primary route of impact on public health, with children potentially being more susceptible to PAH exposure. This study can provide valuable theoretical support for implementing pollution prevention measures and ecological restoration strategies for rivers in energy and chemical industry areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Aining Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an, 710055, China.
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Zhuangzhuang Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Chunxiao Wei
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Lu Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
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da Silva CA, Zacché DS, Lehrback BD, Cagnin RC, Costa ES, Longhini CM, Bernardino AF, Sá F, Neto RR. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in estuarine sediments as a consequence of the mine tailings remobilization and transport in the Rio Doce basin. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2024; 20:169-178. [PMID: 37608432 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The Fundão dam failure in 2015 severely impaired the economy, the lives of riverine communities, and the aquatic ecosystems of the Rio Doce basin in southeast Brazil. Several contaminants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), were transported downstream, deposited in the estuary, and released into the Atlantic Ocean. The high concentration of PAHs in estuarine sediments may pose ecological risks and deleterious effects to benthic organisms, so here we aimed at determining the source and fate of these compounds before and after the tailings' arrival. The mean concentration of the analyzed Σ16PAHs increased from 34.05 µg kg-1 in the prefailure period to 751.77 µg kg-1 one year after the arrival of the tailing. The classification of the sediment quality changed from low to moderate contamination. Our results suggest that there was PAHs remobilization by mine tailings along the Rio Doce basin. The target analytes exhibited mostly a pyrolytic profile from fossil fuel and biomass burning. In addition to other contaminants deposited in the estuary after the arrival of the tailings, this study revealed that the profile change of PAHs in the estuary region is a consequence of the mud's erosive power. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:169-178. © 2023 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar A da Silva
- Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry and Marine Pollution, Department of Oceanography, Center of Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Danillo S Zacché
- Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry and Marine Pollution, Department of Oceanography, Center of Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Bethânia D Lehrback
- Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry and Marine Pollution, Department of Oceanography, Center of Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Renata C Cagnin
- Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry and Marine Pollution, Department of Oceanography, Center of Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo S Costa
- Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry and Marine Pollution, Department of Oceanography, Center of Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Cybelle M Longhini
- Laboratory of Marine Biogeochemistry, Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Center of Bioscience, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Angelo F Bernardino
- Grupo de Ecologia Bêntica, Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Fabian Sá
- Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry and Marine Pollution, Department of Oceanography, Center of Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Renato R Neto
- Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry and Marine Pollution, Department of Oceanography, Center of Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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Li B, Zhao L, Zhong S, An R, Ma R, Xu X, Chen Q. Occurrence, distribution and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils around main water source areas of Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:7569-7584. [PMID: 37391576 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01673-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban environments have been globally concerned due to their significant health impacts on residents. However, little is known about potential risks of PAHs from centralized water source areas. In the present study, 326 soils samples from the main water source areas of Beijing were collected and the occurrence, source appointment, and risks of PAHs were systematically investigated based on the monitoring results from high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The total PAHs (∑16 PAHs) concentrations ranged from 5.70 to 1512 ng/g with median value of 44.2 ng/g, in which 4-ring and 5-ring groups were the major components. PAHs concentrations in the cultivated land were significantly higher than other areas, which could reflect significant impact of soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents on the spatial variations of PAHs. Further source identifications through positive matrix factorization model (PMF) revealed that biomass (22.5%), coal (21.4%), gasoline (17.6%) and diesel (16.4%) combustion were dominant sources of soil PAHs in the study area. Moreover, the risk assessment indicated that total ecological and health risk of PAHs were negligible, but individual PAH, including pyrene and benzo(b)fluoranthene, should be concerned due to their potential risks in several monitored stations located in the secondary protection area of four reservoirs. Our study provided new insights into environmental risks of soils in main water source areas from PAHs and could be helpful for organic micropollutant controlling and drinking water safety in rapidly urbanizing cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Beijing Water Authority, Beijing, 100036, People's Republic of China
| | - Sining Zhong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui An
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoqi Ma
- General Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design, Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing, 100120, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuming Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Z, Liu YJ, Yang L, Yang ZZ, Zhang AN, Li ZH, Liu Z. Distribution, sources, and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Kaokaowusu river sediments near a coal industrial zone. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:6853-6867. [PMID: 36566469 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01454-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study systematically analyzed the contents, compositions, and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in river sediments near an important energy and chemical base in northwest China. In addition, their possible adverse effects on the ecology and human health were assessed. The PAH concentrations in this study area ranged from 2641.28 to 16783.72 (ng/g dw). PAHs of medium molecular weight (3-ring and 4-ring) showed the largest proportion, followed by PAHs of higher molecular weight (5-ring and 6-ring). The results of molecular diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis revealed that PAHs in the region have complex sources, with incomplete combustion of local fossil fuels and traffic exhaust factors being the main sources. The total toxic equivalent concentration of PAHs varied from 10.05 to 760.26 ng/g, and according to the sediment quality guidelines, PAHs have high potential ecological risk in the lower reaches of the river. The mean effect range-median quotient for the region was 0.46, and the combined ecological risk was at moderate to high levels (21% probability of toxicity). The lifetime carcinogenic risks for adults and children exposed to PAHs were 2.95 × 10-3 and 1.87 × 10-2, respectively, which are much higher than the limit of 10-4, indicating moderate to high potential cancer risks. Therefore, the local government should consider taking some environmental remediation measures. This study can provide theoretical support for pollution prevention measures and ecological restoration strategies for rivers in resource-rich areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Yong Jun Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an, 710055, China.
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Lu Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Zhuang Zhuang Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Ai Ning Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Zhi Hua Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
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Yoon SJ, Hong S, Lee J, Lee J, Kim Y, Lee MJ, Ryu J, Choi K, Kwon BO, Hu W, Wang T, Khim JS. Historical trends of traditional, emerging, and halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons recorded in core sediments from the coastal areas of the Yellow and Bohai seas. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108037. [PMID: 37354882 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Historical trends of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contamination were reconstructed from eleven sediment cores located in intertidal zones of the Yellow and Bohai seas for a period encompassing the last 80 years. The analysis encompassed 15 traditional PAHs (t-PAHs), 9 emerging PAHs (e-PAHs), and 30 halogenated PAHs (Hl-PAHs), including 10 chlorinated PAHs (Cl-PAHs) and 20 brominated PAHs (Br-PAHs). Concentrations of target PAHs were highest in industrial and municipal areas situated along the coast of the Bohai Sea, including Huludao, Yingkou, Tianjin, and Dandong, constituting a substantial mass inventory. All target PAHs showed increasing trends since the 1950s, reflecting the development history of South Korea and China. High molecular weight PAHs accumulated in sampling sites more than low molecular weight PAHs. A positive matrix factorization model showed that the PAH sources were coal and gasoline combustion (35%), diesel combustion (33%), and biomass combustion (32%). Over the last 80 years, the contribution of coal and gasoline combustion increased in all regions, while diesel combustion and biomass combustion varied across regions and over time. Toxicity equivalence values were highest for t-PAHs (>99% contribution), followed by Cl-PAHs, Br-PAHs, and e-PAHs. Concentrations of t-PAHs in Eastern Asia seas have increased since the 1900s, particularly in intertidal areas compared to subtidal areas. The intertidal zone removed 83% of the total flux of PAHs originating from land and thus appears to serve as a buffer zone against marine pollution. Overall, this study provides novel knowledge on the historical trends and sources of PAHs on a large scale, along with insights for future coastal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Joon Yoon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junghyun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngnam Kim
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo Joon Lee
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Anyang University, Incheon, Ganghwagun 23038, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongseong Ryu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Anyang University, Incheon, Ganghwagun 23038, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsik Choi
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Wenyou Hu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Tieyu Wang
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Wang H, Huang X, Kuang Z, Zheng X, Zhao M, Yang J, Huang H, Fan Z. Source apportionment and human health risk of PAHs accumulated in edible marine organisms: A perspective of "source-organism-human". JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 453:131372. [PMID: 37060753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Most PAHs produced by human activities can be absorbed and accumulated by edible organisms and pose a potential hazard to human health. However, the source apportionment and human health risk of PAHs accumulated in edible organisms remains largely unknown. Therefore, we conducted source analysis and health risk assessment based on the PAH concentrations in ten marine fish from coastal areas of Guangdong, China. Results showed that the pollution of PAHs in fish organisms was at "Minimally polluted" level, and that all marine fish had the ability to accumulate PAHs. Risk assessment indicated Carcinogenic risk of PAHs in four populations was at a "Cautionary risk" level, with urban children suffered the highest risk. Petroleum pollution, Coal and biomass combustion, and Marine transport emissions were identified as the main anthropogenic sources for PAHs in organisms, and Marine transport emissions accounted for the highest Carcinogenic risk. The Acceptable daily intake for all populations were far below their actual daily intake without causing "Cautionary risk". Our findings provide new insights into the source apportionment and health risk of PAHs from a "source-organism-human" perspective, and suggested that joint management of three anthropogenic sources would be an effective way to prevent the health risks of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Xinmiao Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zexing Kuang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Menglu Zhao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jing Yang
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Honghui Huang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510300, China.
| | - Zhengqiu Fan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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10
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Wang Q, Zhang L, Chen Y, Yin J, Li JY. An application of waste algae biochar in aquaculture water to remove co-existed cadmium and PAHs and the corresponding mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:1392-1404. [PMID: 34779711 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.2003438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water quality in aquaculture farms is highly related to the quality of aquaculture products and the connected environment. Cadmium (Cd2+) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are two of the most common pollutants in the aquaculture water, while biochar derived from waste algae (Enteromorpha prolifera), namely BE, was applied in farms ponds to improve water quality. Firstly, the adverse environmental impact of BE was minor, while the concentrations of the heavy metal (Cd2+ in the present study) and PAHs (FLU, PHE, FLT and PYR) were removed with efficiencies of 49%, 88%, 90%, 91% and 88%, respectively. The ecological risk values (RQs) were reduced subsequently with a rate of 58 ± 11%. After dosing BE, the ecological risk values in all the studied ponds were lower than 1, indicating no ecological risk in the corresponding aquaculture environment. The sorption capacities (qm) of BE were 15, 12, 6.3, 0.41, 0.29 and 0.56 mg·g-1 for Cd2+, FLU, PHE, FLT, PYR and BaP, respectively. The sorption capacities were acceptable compared with those derived from other types of biomass. The removal mechanisms were partition (PAHs), complexation (Cd2+), π-π interaction (Cd2+ and PAHs), precipitation (Cd2+) and ion-exchange (Cd2+). Practically and theoretically, the algae biochar is applicable in the aquaculture environment, where Cd2+ and PAHs co-exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqin Chen
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan-Ying Li
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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11
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Tening Ndifet CM, Ze Bilo'o P, Mouthe Anombogo GA, Kom Regonne R, Ngassoum MB. The study of three beaches of South-West Cameroon polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:506. [PMID: 36961625 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11111-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The US Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) published a priority list of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are compounds that are studied in a variety of matrices due to their wide range of risks. Environmental compartments can be contaminated with PAHs from different sources, such as wastewater from industries and petroleum spills. For the case of Cameroon, there are no recorded data concerning the sources, distributions, and toxicity levels of PAHs in water and sediment from Cameroon beaches which are found in South-West, Littoral, and South Regions. In this work, only three beaches from South-West Region were studied regarding the sources, distributions, and toxicity levels of PAHs in water and sediment. The analyzed samples came from Bobende coastal beach, Down-beach, and Cape-Limboh beach. To achieve the analyses, liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography enabled the identification and quantification of PAH compounds from sediments and marine water. Out of the 16 PAHs listed by US-EPA, twelve were identified and quantified among which four of them were light molecular weight PAHs (acenaphthylene, fluorene, phenanthrene, and anthracene). Anthracene in the Cape-Limboh sample presented the highest concentration (477.57 ng/kg weight of dry sediment) of LMW-PAHs. Eight identified and quantified PAHs of high molecular weight as a whole, three absent PAHs (benzo[a]anthracene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, and benzo[g,h,i]perylene) in the Cape-Limboh sample, while only one is absent in the Bobende samples (dibenzo[a,h]anthracene) and Down Beach (benzo[g,h,i]perylene). According to the ratios used for the determination of the sources of PAHs, it came out that the source of PAHs from all beaches is pyrolytic. In all samples, BaA is the only high molecular weight PAH presenting serious toxicity and ecological risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Tening Ndifet
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Bioressources (LICB), National School of Agro-Industrial Sciences (ENSAI), The University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 455, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - P Ze Bilo'o
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Bioressources (LICB), National School of Agro-Industrial Sciences (ENSAI), The University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 455, Ngaoundere, Cameroon.
- Laboratory of Refining and Petrochemistry, National Advanced School of Mines and Petroleum Industries (ENSMIP), The University of Maroua, P.O. Box 08, Kaele, Cameroon.
| | - G A Mouthe Anombogo
- Department of Environmental Sciences, National Advanced School of Engineering of Maroua (ENSPM), The University of Maroua, P.O. Box 46, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - R Kom Regonne
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Bioressources (LICB), National School of Agro-Industrial Sciences (ENSAI), The University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 455, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - M B Ngassoum
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Bioressources (LICB), National School of Agro-Industrial Sciences (ENSAI), The University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 455, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
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12
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Guo Y, Dai Y, Wang Y, Zuo G, Long T, Li S, Li H, Sun C, Zhao W. Boosted visible-light-driven degradation over stable ternary heterojunction as a plasmonic photocatalyst: Mechanism exploration, pathway and toxicity evaluation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 641:758-781. [PMID: 36965346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of plasmonic metals into semiconductors forming heterojunction photocatalysts is a promising route to enhance the photocatalytic performance in visible light. In this work, we reported the visible-light-driven one-dimensional (1D) nanostick silver/silver sulfide (Ag/Ag2S) photocatalyst combining with two-dimensional (2D) nanosheet reduced graphene oxide intersected by hollow structure (h-RGO) was prepared via a feasible approach at room temperature. The density of Ag depositing on the surface of Ag2S was easily tuned by the concentration of sodium borohydride and the silicon dioxide nanospheres were employed as templates in the preparation of h-RGO by the layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly. The ternary plasmonic Ag/Ag2S/h-RGO photocatalysts exhibited better photocatalytic performance for degradation of naphthalene (95.95%) and 1-naphthol (98.65%) under visible light than the pure Ag2S, composite Ag/Ag2S and composite Ag/Ag2S/RGO. Localized surface plasmon resonance of Ag, heterojunction formed between Ag/Ag2S and RGO and the unique characteristics of h-RGO, which included higher specific surface areas, more efficient reflections of light and more active sites than RGO for boosting separation efficiency of charge carriers, were all responsible for such enhancement. By combining the characterization results with various computations, the mechanism, potential degradation pathways and the toxicity of the generated intermediates for photodegradation were examined. In addition to offering profound insight into the expansion of effective plasmonic photocatalysts with novel structures, the current study is beneficial to ease the environmental crisis to a certain extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Guo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210000, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Plant and Soil Science Building 1066 Bogue Street, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Yuxuan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yuting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Gancheng Zuo
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Tao Long
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Shijie Li
- Institute of Innovation & Application, Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province 316022, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Plant and Soil Science Building 1066 Bogue Street, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Cheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong; School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, China
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13
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Kocak TK, Kocak GO, Stuart AL. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aquatic media of Turkey: A systematic review of cancer and ecological risk. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 188:114671. [PMID: 36860025 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have gathered worldwide attention due to their carcinogenicity and toxicity. This paper aims to review and extend current knowledge on PAHs in aquatic environments in Turkey, where expansion of the marine industry has caused contamination concerns. To assess cancer and ecological risks associated with PAHs, we systematically reviewed 39 research articles. Mean measured concentrations of total PAHs ranged from 61 to 249,900 ng L-1 in surface waters, 1 to 209,400 ng g-1 in sediments, and 4 to 55,000 ng g-1 in organisms. Estimated cancer risks from concentrations in organisms were higher than those from surface waters and sediments. Negative ecosystem impacts of petrogenic PAHs were estimated to be larger than those of pyrogenic origin, despite the predominance of the latter. Overall, the Marmara, Aegean, and Black seas are highly-polluted and need remedial action, while further study is needed to confirm the status of other water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha Kemal Kocak
- Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Turkey.
| | - Goze Ozlem Kocak
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Languages and History-Geography, Ankara University, Ankara 06430, Turkey
| | - Amy L Stuart
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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14
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Shi M, Zhu J, Hu T, Xu A, Mao Y, Liu L, Zhang Y, She Z, Li P, Qi S, Xing X. Occurrence, distribution and risk assessment of microplastics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in East lake, Hubei, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 316:137864. [PMID: 36642129 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The pollution of microplastics (MPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the environment is a global problem, which has attracted extensive attention of many researchers. In present study, MPs and PAHs are investigated to study the impact of human activities and their possible relationship in China's second largest urban lake, East Lake. The abundance of MPs are 3329.19 ± 2059.26 particles/m3 and 2207.56 ± 1194.04 particles/kg in water and sediment, respectively. MPs are predominantly characterized by fibers, polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE), colorlessness in water and sediment. The abundance of MPs in water with frequent human activities is higher, which is reversed in sediments, indicating that disturbance is not conducive to the enrichment of MPs in sediments. The concentration of 16 PAHs are 36.95 ± 13.76 ng/L and 897.08 ± 232.34 ng/g in water and sediment, respectively. PAHs in water are mainly 2-3-ring, while there are 4-ring PAHs in sediments. The good corresponding relationship between MPs and PAHs indicates that human activities have an important impact on the distribution of pollutants compared to the interaction of pollutants. In addition, the significant positive correlation between lakeshore length and water MPs abundance indicates that surface runoff may be an important source of water MPs. The pollution load index shows that MPs in sediment has reached moderate to severe pollution level, while the water is slightly polluted level. The potential ecological risk assessment results show that more than half of the sediment sites are at dangerous to very dangerous ecological risk level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Shi
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tianpeng Hu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - An Xu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Li Liu
- Hubei Geological Bureau, Wuhan 430034, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhenbing She
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Peng Li
- Hubei Geological Bureau, Wuhan 430034, China
| | - Shihua Qi
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xinli Xing
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
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15
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Grmasha RA, Abdulameer MH, Stenger-Kovács C, Al-Sareji OJ, Al-Gazali Z, Al-Juboori RA, Meiczinger M, Hashim KS. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the surface water and sediment along Euphrates River system: Occurrence, sources, ecological and health risk assessment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 187:114568. [PMID: 36638718 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study presented for the first time a comprehensive measurement campaign of 16 PAHs along the Euphrates River for five months, in both water and sediment samples. Our study revealed that the PAHs contamination increased along the flow direction due to the increasing non-point pollution and the return flows of agriculture. The 5-6 rings PAHs were dominant in water and sediment samples with an average of 42 % and 50 %, respectively. The diagnostic ratios of PAHs suggest that the pollution of these compounds originated mainly from petroleum product combustions. The carcinogenic PAHs formed 46 % and 55 % of the total measured compounds in water and sediment samples, respectively, which highlights potential ecological and human health risks. Based on sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), most sites exhibit an effect range between low and medium. The calculated incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for adult and children were in the 10-2-10-3 range, which is 3-6-fold higher than what was reported in the literature. These observations call for urgent attention from environmental authorities of countries sharing this key water source in Western Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqayah Ali Grmasha
- University of Pannonia, Faculty of Engineering, Center for Natural Science, Research Group of Limnology, H-8200 Veszprem, Egyetem u. 10, Hungary; Environmental Research and Studies Center, University of Babylon, Al-Hillah, Iraq.
| | | | - Csilla Stenger-Kovács
- University of Pannonia, Faculty of Engineering, Center for Natural Science, Research Group of Limnology, H-8200 Veszprem, Egyetem u. 10, Hungary; ELKH-PE Limnoecology Research Group, H-8200 Veszprém, Egyetem utca 10, Hungary
| | - Osamah J Al-Sareji
- Environmental Research and Studies Center, University of Babylon, Al-Hillah, Iraq; Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Egyetem str. 10, Veszprem H, 8200, Hungary
| | - Zaid Al-Gazali
- Nasiriyah Teaching Hospital, Ministry of health, Al-Nasiriyah, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Raed A Al-Juboori
- Water and Environmental Engineering Research Group, Department of Built Environment, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15200, Aalto, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland; NYUAD Water Research Center, New York University-Abu Dhabi Campus, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mónika Meiczinger
- Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Egyetem str. 10, Veszprem H, 8200, Hungary
| | - Khalid S Hashim
- School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, UK; Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Al-Hillah, Iraq
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16
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Kong J, Ma T, Cao X, Li W, Zhu F, He H, Sun C, Yang S, Li S, Xian Q. Occurrence, partition behavior, source and ecological risk assessment of nitro-PAHs in the sediment and water of Taige Canal, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 124:782-793. [PMID: 36182183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) are widespread organic pollutants that possess carcinogenic and mutagenic properties, so they may pose a risk to the environment and human health. In this study, the concentrations of 15 NPAHs and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 30 surface water samples and 26 sediment samples were measured in 2018 from the Taige Canal, one of the main rivers flowing into Taihu Lake, China. The total NPAH concentrations in water and sediment ranged from 14.7 to 235 ng/L and 22.9 to 96.5 ng/g dw, respectively. 9-nitrophenanthrene (nd-76.3 ng/L) was the dominant compound in surface water, while 2+3-nitrofluoranthene (1.73-18.1 ng/g dw) dominated in sediment. Among PAHs, concentration ranging from 1,097 to 2,981 ng/L and 1,089 to 4,489 ng/g dw in surface water and sediment, respectively. There was a strong positive correlation between the log octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) and log sediment-water partition coefficient due to hydrophobic interaction. The fugacity fraction value increased with the decrease of log Kow, and chrysene was transferred from water into sediment. The residual NPAHs in surface water and sediment of the Taige Canal have partial correlation. Diesel engine and coal combustion emissions were probably the principal sources of NPAHs in surface water and sediment. The results of ecological risk assessment showed that some NPAHs in water (e.g, 1-nitropyrene and 6-nitrochrysene) and sediment (e.g., 2-nitrobiphenyl, 5-nitroacenaphthene, 9-nitrophenanthrene and 2+3-nitrofluoranthene) had moderate ecological risks, which should be of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijie Kong
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tao Ma
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cao
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weidi Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fengxiao Zhu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huan He
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Fujian Provincial Key laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, College of Ecological and Resource Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China.
| | - Cheng Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shaogui Yang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shiyin Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qiming Xian
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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17
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Bastolla CLV, Saldaña-Serrano M, Lima D, Mattos JJ, Gomes CHAM, Cella H, Righetti BPH, Ferreira CP, Zacchi FL, Bícego MC, Taniguchi S, Bainy ACD. Molecular changes in oysters Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) from aquaculture areas of Santa Catarina Island bays (Florianópolis, Brazil) reveal anthropogenic effects. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135735. [PMID: 35868530 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities in coastal regions cause risks to the environmental and human health. Due to the carcinogenic and mutagenic potential, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are considered priority for monitoring. Most of the Brazilian production of Crassostrea gigas oysters are placed in the Bays of Santa Catarina Island. The aim of this study was to evaluate molecular responses (phase I and II of biotransformation and antioxidant defense) of C. gigas from six oyster farming areas potentially contaminated by sanitary sewage in Florianópolis Metropolitan (SC, Brazil): Santo Antônio de Lisboa, Sambaqui, Serraria, Caieira, Tapera, Imaruim. We evaluated the transcript levels of CYP1A1-like, CYP2-like, CYP2AU2-like, CYP356A1, GSTA1A-like, GSTO.4A-like, SULT-like, SOD-like and CAT-like by qRT-PCR. Only oysters from Caieira showed levels of thermotolerant coliforms allowed by the law. Chemicals analyses in soft tissues of oysters showed low to average levels of PAH in all monitored areas. Enhanced transcript levels of phase I (CYP1A1-like, CYP3564A1-like, CYP2-like and CYP2AU2-like) were observed in oysters from Serraria and Imaruí, suggesting higher biotransformation activity in these farming areas. Regarding phase II of biotransformation, GSTO.4A-like was up-regulated in oysters from Imaruí compared to Caieira and Santo Antônio de Lisboa. An upregulation of SOD-like and CAT-like were observed in oysters from Imaruí and Serraria, suggesting that oysters from these sites are facing higher prooxidant conditions compared to other areas. By integrating the biological and chemical data it is suggested that human-derived contaminants are affecting the oyster metabolism in some farming areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila L V Bastolla
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry (LABCAI), Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Miguel Saldaña-Serrano
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry (LABCAI), Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daína Lima
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry (LABCAI), Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jacó J Mattos
- Aquaculture Pathology Research Center, NEPAQ, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Carlos H A M Gomes
- Laboratory of Marine Mollusks (LMM), Department of Aquaculture, Center of Agricultural Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Herculano Cella
- Laboratory of Algae Cultivation, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Bárbara P H Righetti
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry (LABCAI), Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Clarissa P Ferreira
- Fishery Engineering and Biological Sciences Department, Santa Catarina State University, Laguna, 88790-000, Brazil
| | - Flávia L Zacchi
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry (LABCAI), Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Márcia C Bícego
- Laboratory of Marine Organic Chemistry, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Laboratory of Marine Organic Chemistry, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Afonso C D Bainy
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry (LABCAI), Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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18
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Zhang H, Chao B, Wang H, Li X. Effects of carbon source on electricity generation and PAH removal in aquaculture sediment microbial fuel cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:4066-4077. [PMID: 34129447 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1942557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) have been used for treating pollutants in sediment or overlying water. This study investigated the feasibility of constructing SMFCs under aquaculture conditions by employing indigenous carbohydrates as substrates to enhance the removal efficiency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediment, as well as the correlation between PAHs removal and electricity generation in SMFCs. The results showed that adding glucose could allow SMFCs to generate more electrical power and increase the removal efficiency of PAHs (by 57.2% for naphthalene, 41.3% for acenaphthene, and 36.5% for pyrene). In addition, starch enhanced PAHs removal by 49.9%, 35.8%, and 31.2%, respectively, whereas cellulose enhanced removal by 44.3%, 29.3%, and 26.9%, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficients between the level of electrical power generated and the removal masses of the three PAHs were 0.485, 0.830**, and 0.851**. Thus, the use of SMFCs could be an effective approach for PAH treatment in aquaculture, and the electrical power generated could be used as an in-situ indicator for the biodegradation rate of SMFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochi Zhang
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Chao
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianning Li
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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19
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Ding H, Lan J, Yao S, Zhang D, Han B, Pan G, Li X. Evolution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the surface sediment of southern Jiaozhou Bay in northern China after an accident of oil pipeline explosion. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 183:114039. [PMID: 35986952 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The 2013 "Qingdao oil pipeline explosion" contaminated about 2.5 km of shoreline in the Jiaozhou Bay area and aroused widespread concern because of the serious casualties even though it was not the most severe oil-spill contamination in China. To evaluate the long-term impact, we collected thirty-three surface sediment samples after 3 years of the accident, with sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) detected. Spatial-temporal variation in PAHs revealed that a minimal impact might still be present after 3 years. Source analysis combined with a one-way ANOVA showed that pyrolytic sources were consistently predominant. The environmental impact was already minimal 3 years later and negligible thereafter. Although the cancer risk has decreased over the years, there has always been a potential hazard to human for specific occupation, with all of the risk values exceeded 10-6. This study offers a reference for assessing the long-term impact of oil spills in similar bay areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Ding
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jie Lan
- Qingdao Institute of Scientific & Technical Information, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Shuo Yao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Dahai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Bin Han
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environment Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China.
| | - Gang Pan
- School of Humanities, York St John University, York YO31 7EX, UK
| | - Xianguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China.
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20
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Qi R, Pan L, Liu T, Li Z. Source risk, ecological risk, and bioeffect assessment for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Laizhou Bay and Jiaozhou Bay of Shandong Peninsula, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:56705-56726. [PMID: 35347599 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19778-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to incorporate the contribution of pollution sources to ecological risks into environmental monitoring, positive matrix factorization-risk quotient (PMF-RQ) was used to quantify the contribution of different PAH sources to ecological risks, which indicated that the unburned petroleum, vehicular emissions, and diesel combustion were the main sources of PAHs in Laizhou Bay and Jiaozhou Bay, and they were caused by petrochemical industry, maritime shipping, and urban traffic exhaust as the major sources of PAHs for ecological risk. Meanwhile, integrated biomarker response (IBR) and multi-biomarker pollution index (MPI) suggested that September was the most polluted month for PAHs in Laizhou Bay and Jiaozhou Bay and the pollution in Laizhou Bay was significantly higher than that in Jiaozhou Bay. This research was dedicated to explore the monitoring pattern for PAH pollution from the source to bioeffects, and it may have contributed a scientific support to monitoring and governance of marine PAH pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruicheng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Luqing Pan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Tong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zeyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
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21
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Chen CF, Ju YR, Lim YC, Wang MH, Albarico FPJB, Chen CW, Dong CD. Potential sources and toxicity risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments of commercial ports in Taiwan. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 181:113924. [PMID: 35841673 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of pollutants in the semi-enclosed waters of ports has long been a concern. This study assessed the pollution status, sources, and toxicity risks of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments of 7 major ports in Taiwan. Total PAHs concentrations in sediments ranged between 8.4 and 572.5 ng/g dw, with an average of 112.4 ± 136.5 ng/g dw. The 3- and 4-ring PAHs (63 %) were the major constituents of PAHs in the sediments. Diagnostic ratios and positive matrix factorization analyses indicated that PAHs in sediments were mainly contributed by biomass combustion (45.0 %), coal combustion (31.5 %), and vehicle emissions and related fossil fuels (23.5 %). The results of ecological risk assessment showed a low-medium risk of PAHs in the sediments outside the port, whereas most of the sediments within the port presented a medium-high risk. An assessment of the possible human health risks indicated that PAHs were present at acceptable levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Feng Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Ju
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan
| | - Yee Cheng Lim
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Huang Wang
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Frank Paolo Jay B Albarico
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Fisheries and Marine Research Station, College of Fisheries and Allied Sciences, Northern Negros State College of Science and Technology, Sagay City 6122, Philippines
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan.
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22
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Wang J, Bao H, Cai J, Li J, Li J, Wu F. Uptake and accumulation of naphthalene, phenanthrene, and benzo(b)fluoranthene in winter wheat affected by foliar exposure at different growth stages. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:47617-47628. [PMID: 35182349 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19263-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Foliar uptake, as an important pathway of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) accumulation in winter wheat, has a great contribution to wheat PAHs, which mainly depends on atmospheric PAHs level. An indoor simulation experiment was conducted to explore the effects of foliar exposure to PAHs at different growth stages on PAHs uptake in wheat. Three levels (0, 0.75, 4.5 mg L-1) of mixed solution of three PAHs (Σ3PAHs) including naphthalene (NAP), phenanthrene (PHE), and benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF) were sprayed on leaves of two varieties (Yunong, YN; Xiaoyan, XY) of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during the booting, heading, pre-filling, and post-filling stage. The results showed that the sprayed PAHs exhibited little effects on the growth of the two varieties except the stem biomass of YN was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced when high concentration of PAHs was applied at the post-filling stage. PAHs concentration in winter wheat grain was highest under foliar exposure at the pre-filling stage, while the lowest was found under foliar exposure at the post-filling stage. Transfer factor of PAHs from stem to root (TFroot/stem) of three PAHs when foliar exposure to PAHs at the booting and heading stage was significantly (p < 0.001) higher than that at the pre-filling and post-filling stage, while TFgrain/glume of three PAHs when foliar exposure to PAHs at pre-filling stage was significantly (p < 0.01) higher than that at the other three stages. These results indicated that foliar exposure to PAHs during the vegetative growth stage was transferred and distributed to the root, while PAHs are mainly transferred and accumulated to the grain during the grain filling stage. Additionally, the higher lipophilic PAHs showed a lower ability to transfer from the glume to grain, and larger flag leaf area had the potential to promote the enrichment of PAHs in grain. This study indicated that the health risk of PAHs in winter wheat could be effectively reduced by controlling atmospheric PAHs level during pre-filling stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Engineer and Technology Academy of Ecology and Environment, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030031, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanyu Bao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Cai
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuyong Wu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Eldos HI, Zouari N, Saeed S, Al-Ghouti MA. Recent advances in the treatment of PAHs in the environment: Application of nanomaterial-based technologies. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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24
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Liu M, Zheng H, Chen M, Liang J, Duan M, Du H, Chen M, Ke H, Zhang K, Cai M. Dissolved PAHs impacted by air-sea interactions: Net volatilization and strong surface current transport in the Eastern Indian Ocean. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 431:128603. [PMID: 35255333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the Indian Ocean, the marine fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is impacted by the unique air-sea interactions with great monsoon characters. By collecting water-column samples during the monsoon transition period, we found PAHs (∑8PAH: 1.1-27 ng L-1) showed significantly different distributions from the Bay of Bengal, Equatorial Indian Ocean, Eastern Indian Ocean, and the South China Sea (p < 0.001). Their vertical profiles showed natural logarithm relationships with depth in the Bay of Bengal and Equatorial Indian Ocean. PAHs were mainly from wood/coal combustion and vehicle emission. The estimation of PAHs' air-seawater exchange flux revealed net volatilizations from seawater except in the Eastern Indian Ocean. The Wyrtki Jet, a surface current driven by the westerly wind, was observed in the equatorial area. This swift current could transport PAHs eastward efficiently with a mass flux of 636 ± 188 g s-1. The subsurface current, Equatorial Undercurrent, played a less crucial role in PAHs' lateral transport with a flux of 115 ± 31.3 g s-1. This study preliminarily revealed the role of air-sea interactions on PAHs' transport and fate in the open ocean. The coupled air-sea interactions with biogeochemical processes should be considered in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong, China; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Haowen Zheng
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Meng Chen
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Junhua Liang
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Mengshan Duan
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Huihong Du
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Mian Chen
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hongwei Ke
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Minggang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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25
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Shukla S, Khan R, Bhattacharya P, Devanesan S, AlSalhi MS. Concentration, source apportionment and potential carcinogenic risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in roadside soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 292:133413. [PMID: 34973253 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
PAHs are organic pollutants that have carcinogenic and mutagenic impacts on human health and are a subject of great concern. The soil-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the urban areas can be very lethal to human health. The concentrations, sources, and possible cancer risks of 15 PAHs were analysed by collecting roadside soil samples in Lucknow, India. The range of ∑15PAHs was found to be 478.94 ng/g to 8164.07 ng/g with a mean concentration of 3748.23 ng/g. The highest contribution (32.5%) was found to be from four-ring PAHs, followed by six-ring (24.5%) and five-ring (16.7%) PAHs. The source apportionment through diagnostic ratios ANT/(ANT + PHE) against FL-2/(FL-2+PYR) highlighted the dominance of petroleum, wood, coal, and grass combustion as sources of PAHs in the study area. Source apportionment was also done through positive matrix factorization, confirming the dominance of 'vehicular emissions' (49%), followed by 'coal and biomass combustion' (∼39%), and 'leakages, volatilization and petroleum combustion' (∼12%) as potential sources. The results from lifetime cancer risks (ILCR) varied in the range of 7.5 × 10-4 and 1.3 × 10 × -2 illustrating 'high cancer risk'. The total cancer risk susceptibility of children was found to be 31% more than that of adults. The highest risk associated with toxic equivalent concentration (TEQ) was found at site S8 highlighting the impact of the presence of an international airport, and huge traffic load. The present study will prove to be useful for information related to human exposure to PAHs content in soil in the study area and as baseline study for policy makers, stakeholders, and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Shukla
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, India.
| | - Ramsha Khan
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, India.
| | - Prosun Bhattacharya
- KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sandhanasamy Devanesan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamad S AlSalhi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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26
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Zhang H, Chao B, Gao X, Cao X, Li X. Effect of starch-derived organic acids on the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an aquaculture-sediment microbial fuel cell. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 311:114783. [PMID: 35299133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study constructed sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) removal in contaminated aquaculture sediment. Starch, a waste deposited in aquaculture sediment, was employed as the co-substrate for electricity generation and PAHs removal, and the effect of starch-derived organic acids on SMFC performance was assessed. The results indicated that sufficient starch promoted PAHs removal (69.9% for naphthalene, 55.6% for acenaphthene, and 46.8% for pyrene) in dual-chamber SMFC, whereas excessive starch attenuated SMFC performance because the organic acids accumulation reduced anode pH, decreased species diversity, and changed the microbial communities. The electricity generation and PAHs removal were positively correlated (R > 0.96), and both of them were related to Macellibacteroides belonging to Bacteroidetes. However, a larger single-chamber SMFC device did not obtain enhanced PAHs removal owing to the restricted "effective range" of the anode. Hence, more challenges need to be addressed to realize the practical application of SMFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochi Zhang
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Bo Chao
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Xintong Gao
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Xian Cao
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Xianning Li
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China.
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27
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Dimbarre Lao Guimarães I, Casanova Monteiro F, Vianna da Anunciação de Pinho J, de Almeida Rodrigues P, Gomes Ferrari R, Adam Conte-Junior C. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aquatic animals: a systematic review on analytical advances and challenges. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2022; 57:198-217. [PMID: 35262454 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2048614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the main component of petroleum, are a concern due to their environmental persistence, long-range transport, and potential toxic effects on animal, human health, and the environment. PAHs are considered persistent compounds and can be bioaccumulated in sediments and aquatic biota. Determining PAHs in animals and environmental samples consists of three steps: extraction, clean-up or purification, and analytical determination. The matrix complexity and the diversity of environmental contaminants, such as PAHs resulted in the development of numerous analytical techniques and protocols for the extraction of these components and analysis in several samples. This systematic review article seeks to relate the extraction and preparation methods of complex samples from aquatic animals and the two main detection techniques of PAHs. For the elaboration of the research, 67 articles published between 2011 and 2021 were sought, which specifically contemplated the isolation of aquatic extracts and detection and quantification techniques of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paloma de Almeida Rodrigues
- Department of Food Technology, Molecular and Analytical Laboratory Center, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Gomes Ferrari
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Zootechnics, Agrarian Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Food Technology, Molecular and Analytical Laboratory Center, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
- National Institute of Health Quality Control, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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28
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Merhabi F, Gomez E, Amine H, Rosain D, Halwani J, Fenet H. Occurrence, distribution, and ecological risk assessment of emerging and legacy contaminants in the Kadicha river in Lebanon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:62499-62518. [PMID: 34212327 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Kadicha river basin in Northern Lebanon is an illustrative example of multiple pressures encountered in the Mediterranean region: it is a small coastal river affected by rapid urbanization, population growth (drastically impacted by the influx of Syrian refugees), and a chronic default of wastewater treatment. In this context, multiple classes of contaminants may attain the river accumulating in sediment. However, very little information is available in the literature on the contamination status in such stressed Mediterranean contexts. This study proposed a first contamination evaluation of a small Mediterranean river submitted to multiple pressures. Two sediment sampling campaigns along sites impacted by increasing urban gradient within the Kadicha river basin were performed to determine the occurrence and the environmental risks of both emerging and legacy contaminants. The results revealed the detection of the 41 studied compounds. The highest concentrations were attained by PAHs and polycyclic musks (up to 311.79, 94.22, and 81.13 ng/g of dry weight for PAH, cashmeran, and galaxolide, respectively). The discontinuous urbanized upstream area and the estuary were the most contaminated areas of the river. An environmental risk assessment showed a hazard quotient (HQ) higher than 1 for both legacy and emerging compounds (EHMC and 4-MBC), indicating a potential risk to benthic species. Monitoring campaigns and implementation of wastewater treatment plants should be encouraged as the anthropogenic pressure on small Mediterranean rivers will increase over the years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatmé Merhabi
- Hydrosciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- Water & Environment Science Laboratory, Faculty of Public Health (FSP III), Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon.
| | - Elena Gomez
- Hydrosciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Helmieh Amine
- Water & Environment Science Laboratory, Faculty of Public Health (FSP III), Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - David Rosain
- Hydrosciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jalal Halwani
- Water & Environment Science Laboratory, Faculty of Public Health (FSP III), Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Hélène Fenet
- Hydrosciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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29
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Sheng Y, Yan C, Nie M, Ju M, Ding M, Huang X, Chen J. The partitioning behavior of PAHs between settled dust and its extracted water phase: Coefficients and effects of the fluorescent organic matter. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 223:112573. [PMID: 34340152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a city of Central China were determined in the settled dust and its extracted water phase from different land use types and bus stops in Nanchang City. The physicochemical properties of its water extracted dissolved organic matter (WEOM) were characterized to investigate the effect of fluorescence organic matter on the dust-water partitioning coefficients (Kd) using three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy combined parallel factor analysis. Results showed that the range of ∑PAHs in settled dust and the extracted water phase was 0.05-15.92 μg·g-1 and 2-211 ng·L-1, respectively. These PAHs mostly came from the combustion of biomass. The risk assessment showed that PAHs in dust had no obvious health risk (less than the magnitude of 10-6). Additionally, the high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs and the low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs were preferentially adsorbed by dust and the dissolved portion, respectively. It was confirmed by the relatively high logKd values of 4.23 for the HMW-PAHs. Pearson correlation analysis suggested that the higher concentration of dissolved organic carbon and humic-like substance were in favor of PAHs in dust released into waters. This study can provide information on pollution control when considering the impact of fluorescent organic matter on the fate and transport of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Sheng
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Caixia Yan
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China.
| | - Minghua Nie
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resource, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Min Ju
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Mingjun Ding
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Xian Huang
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Jiaming Chen
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China
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Souza MRR, Suzarte JS, Carmo LO, Santos E, Soares LS, Júnior ARV, Santos LGGV, Krause LC, Damasceno FC, Frena M, Alexandre MR. Assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in three environmental components from a tropical estuary in Northeast Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 171:112726. [PMID: 34343757 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of occurrence, risk quotient (RQ), bioaccumulation factor (BAF), and sources of PAH was conducted in Sergipe-Poxim estuarine system. PAH distribution that ranged from 7.1 to 30.9 ng L-1 (surface water, SW), 5.4 to 19.5 ng g-1 (sediment, S), and 4.3 to 18.1 ng g-1 (oyster, O), characterized the environment with low contamination; 2-3 (SW), 5-6 (S), and 4 (O) PAH rings accounted for 54.5%, 68.7%, and 87.7%, respectively, along with naphthalene (SW), dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (S), and pyrene (O) as the prevailing compounds. PCA suggested the predominance of particular groups related to SW (LMW-PAH), S (HMW-PAH), and O (pyrene and fluoranthene). Furthermore, one sample of O presented a high PAH bioavailability as shown through the BAF, with emphasis on pyrene (BAF = 26.8). The RQ showed a low to moderate range in SW and S; hence, in-depth information about the possible toxic effect in organisms of this region is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel R R Souza
- Tiradentes University, Industrial Biotechnology Graduate Program, Aracaju, Sergipe SE 49032-490, Brazil.
| | - Jaiane S Suzarte
- Federal University of Sergipe, Chemistry Department, São Cristóvão, Sergipe SE 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Laiane O Carmo
- Federal University of Sergipe, Chemistry Department, São Cristóvão, Sergipe SE 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Ewerton Santos
- Brown University, Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Science, Providence, RI 02912, United States of America
| | - Laiane S Soares
- Federal University of Sergipe, Chemistry Department, São Cristóvão, Sergipe SE 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Antônio R V Júnior
- Federal University of Sergipe, Chemistry Department, São Cristóvão, Sergipe SE 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Lukas G G V Santos
- Sergipe Technology Research Institute, Aracaju, Sergipe, SE 49020-380, Brazil
| | - Laiza C Krause
- Tiradentes University, Industrial Biotechnology Graduate Program, Aracaju, Sergipe SE 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Flaviana C Damasceno
- Federal University of Sergipe, Chemistry Department, São Cristóvão, Sergipe SE 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Morgana Frena
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Chemistry Department, Campus Universitário Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo R Alexandre
- Federal University of Sergipe, Chemistry Department, São Cristóvão, Sergipe SE 49100-000, Brazil; Brown University, Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Science, Providence, RI 02912, United States of America
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Škrbić BD, Antić I, Živančev J, Vágvölgyi C. Comprehensive characterization of PAHs profile in Serbian soils for conventional and organic production: potential sources and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:4201-4218. [PMID: 33818683 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00884-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive characterization of occurrence and levels of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in arable soils used for conventional and organic production in northern and central part of Serbia as well as cross-border region with Hungary. Furthermore, this study includes a characterization of PAH sources and carcinogenic/non-carcinogenic human health risk for PAHs accumulated in analysed arable soils. The total concentration of 16 PAHs varied between 55 and 4584 µg kg-1 in agricultural soil used for conventional production and between 90 and 523 µg kg-1 in agricultural soil used for organic production. High molecular weight (HMW) PAHs were dominant compounds with similar contribution in both soil types (86% and 80% in conventional and in organic soil, respectively). Principal component analysis and diagnostic ratios of selected PAHs were used for identification of PAH sources in the analysed soils. Additionally, positive matrix factorization was applied for quantitative assessment. The results indicated that the major sources of PAHs were vehicle emissions, biomass and wood combustion, accounting for ~ 93% of PAHs. Exposure of farmers assessed through carcinogenic (TCR) and non-carcinogenic (THQ) risk did not exceed the acceptable threshold (TCR < 10-6 and THQ < 1). Oral ingestion was the main exposure route which accounted for 57% of TCR and 80% of THQ. It was followed by dermal contact. This investigation gives a valuable data insight into the PAHs presence in arable soils and reveals the absence of environmental and health risk. It also acknowledges the importance of comprehensive monitoring of these persistent pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana D Škrbić
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Laboratory for Chemical Contaminants and Sustainable Development, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Igor Antić
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Laboratory for Chemical Contaminants and Sustainable Development, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jelena Živančev
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Laboratory for Chemical Contaminants and Sustainable Development, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Faculty of Science and Informatics, Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Zhao C, Xu J, Shang D, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Xie H, Kong Q, Wang Q. Application of constructed wetlands in the PAH remediation of surface water: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146605. [PMID: 34030309 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose adverse risks to ecosystems and public health because of their carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. As such, the extensive occurrence of PAHs represents a worldwide concern that requires urgent solutions. Wastewater treatment plants are not, however, designed for PAH removal and often become sources of the PAHs entering surface waters. Among the technologies applied in PAH remediation, constructed wetlands (CWs) exhibit several cost-effective and eco-friendly advantages, yet a systematic examination of the application and success of CWs for PAH remediation is missing. This review discusses PAH occurrence, distribution, and seasonal patterns in surface waters during the last decade to provide baseline information for risk control and further treatment. Furthermore, based on the application of CWs in PAH remediation, progress in understanding and optimising PAH-removal mechanisms is discussed focussing on sediments, plants, and microorganisms. Wetland plant traits are key factors affecting the mechanisms of PAH removal in CWs, including adsorption, uptake, phytovolatilization, and biodegradation. The physico-chemical characteristics of PAHs, environmental conditions, wetland configuration, and operation parameters are also reviewed as important factors affecting PAH removal efficiency. Whilst significant progress has been made, several key problems need to be addressed to ensure the success of large-scale CW projects. These include improving performance in cold climates and addressing the toxic threshold effects of PAHs on wetland plants. Overall, this review provides future direction for research on PAH removal using CWs and their large-scale operation for the treatment of PAH-contaminated surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Zhao
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jingtao Xu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Dawei Shang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yanmeng Zhang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Huijun Xie
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qiang Kong
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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Guo Z, Lv J, Dong X, Du N, Piao F. Gamma-aminobutyric acid improves phenanthrene phytotoxicity tolerance in cucumber through the glutathione-dependent system of antioxidant defense. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 217:112254. [PMID: 33905982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phenanthrene (PHE), a typical organic pollutant, has drawn attention in recent years due to its toxicity to plants and human health. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) induce plant tolerance to diverse stresses. However, the role and regulatory mechanisms of GABA in PHE stress responses in plants remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we showed that GABA content increased by 44.5%, 89.2%, 160% and 39.2% under 50, 100, 200 and 300 µM PHE treatment, respectively compared with mock. GABA treatment alleviated PHE-induced growth inhibition in a dose-dependent manner, with the most effective concentration of 50 mM GABA. Although exogenous GABA could not influence the accumulation of PHE in cucumber, it significantly mitigated photosynthetic inhibition and enhanced the transcripts and activities of the antioxidant enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), resulting in less accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2.-). Importantly, timecourse analyses of glutathione (GSH) homeostasis showed that GABA markedly increased GSH content and GR activity as well as the transcripts of GSH biosynthesis-related genes GSH1, GSH2 and GR during PHE stress. Conversely, pretreatment with GSH biosynthesis inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) abolished the GABA-induced changes in PHE stress. Together, these results suggest that GABA enhances tolerance to PHE stress via a GSH-dependent system of antioxidant defense in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Guo
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Jingli Lv
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Xiaoxing Dong
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Nanshan Du
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Fengzhi Piao
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China.
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Abayi JJM, Gore CT, Nagawa C, Bandowe BAM, Matovu H, Mubiru E, Ngeno EC, Odongo S, Sillanpää M, Ssebugere P. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments and fish species from the White Nile, East Africa: Bioaccumulation potential, source apportionment, ecological and health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 278:116855. [PMID: 33706244 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The impact of oil exploration and production activities on the environment of sub-saharan African countries is not well studied. This study aimed at determining concentrations, sources, and bioaccumulation of 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments and fish from the White Nile near Melut oil fields, South Sudan. The study also assessed the ecological and human health risk associated with PAHs in this aquatic system. Total (∑13) PAH concentrations ranged from 566 to 674 ng g-1dry weight (dw) in sediments, while those in fish were 191-1143 ng g-1 wet weight (ww). ∑13PAH concentrations were significantly higher in C. gariepinus than in other fish species. Low molecular weight PAHs (LPAHs) dominated the profile of PAHs in sediments (constituted 95% of ∑13PAHs) and fish (97% of ∑13PAHs). Compared to Sediment Quality Guidelines of the United States Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the levels of LPAHs in this study were all above the threshold effect limits, but below the probable effect level, while those of high molecular weight PAHs (HPAHs) were all below the lowest effect levels. The carcinogenic potency equivalent concentrations of PAHs in L. niloticus and C. gariepinus were above the US EPA screening level; suggesting consumption of these species could adversely affect human health. Biota-sediment accumulation factor values (range: 0.006-3.816 g OC g-1 lipid) for PAHs showed high bioaccumulation of LPAHs in fish muscle, and that bioaccumulation decreased with increase in hydrophobicity of the compounds. This is possibly because LPAHs have higher aqueous solubilities which increases their bioavailability through water-gill transfers compared to HPAHs. Profiles of PAHs in the White Nile environment indicate predominant contribution from petrogenic sources, which could be attributed to presence of crude oil reservoirs and oil production operations. More research into the levels of other environmental pollutants in the oil-rich area is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juma John Moses Abayi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Juba, P.O Box 82, Juba, South Sudan; Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P. O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Christine Nagawa
- Department of Forestry, Biodiversity and Tourism, Makerere University, P.O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Benjamin A Musa Bandowe
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Henry Matovu
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P. O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Chemistry, Gulu University, P. O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Edward Mubiru
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P. O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Silver Odongo
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P. O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam; Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Patrick Ssebugere
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P. O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
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Yuan Z, He B, Wu X, Simonich SLM, Liu H, Fu J, Chen A, Liu H, Wang Q. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban stream sediments of Suzhou Industrial Park, an emerging eco-industrial park in China: Occurrence, sources and potential risk. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 214:112095. [PMID: 33667735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, urban stream sediment samples were collected in the Suzhou Industrial Park (SIP), one of the earliest national demonstration eco-industrial parks of China. PAHs were analyzed in these sediments, and concentrations of total PAHs were 180-81,000 ng g-1 (5700 ± 14,000 ng g-1). Medium molecular weight (4- ring) PAHs were predominant (42 ± 12%), followed by high molecular weight (5- and 6- ring) PAHs (31 ± 10%). No correlation was found between concentrations of PAHs and land uses of SIP in this study. Diagnostic ratios and a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model indicated that coal/biomass combustion might be the primary PAH source (61%), followed by non-combustion sources (21%) and vehicular emission (18%). According to the spatial analysis, PAHs in the sediments of SIP might be mainly associated with the coal/biomass combustion in the northeast industrial zone. Residential & commercial activities seem not to be the major causes of PAH contamination. Total PAH toxic equivalent concentrations, effect range low/effect range median values, and mean effects range-median quotient all showed that PAHs were present at a low toxicity risk level in most regions of the SIP. However, vigilance is required at some sampling sites with extremely high PAH concentrations or high mean effects range-median quotient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijiao Yuan
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, PR China
| | - Binbin He
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, PR China
| | - Xiaoguo Wu
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, PR China; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Staci L Massey Simonich
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Houqi Liu
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Jiahui Fu
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, PR China
| | - Afeng Chen
- Institute of Polar Environment & Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Hanyang Liu
- Institute of Polar Environment & Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, PR China
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Pizzini S, Morabito E, Gregoris E, Vecchiato M, Corami F, Piazza R, Gambaro A. Occurrence and source apportionment of organic pollutants in deep sediment cores of the Venice Lagoon. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 164:112053. [PMID: 33548807 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, recent and aged inputs of five classes of organic contaminants (i.e. PCBs, OCPs, PCDD/Fs, PAHs, and n-Alkanes) were evaluated in eight deep sediment cores of the Venice Lagoon, collected along the path of a new waterway whose excavation is under evaluation by local authorities, to assess the environmental quality status of the area. Diagnostic indices were calculated for identifying pollutant distribution patterns and their major emission sources, whose relative contribution was quantified by a Positive Matrix Factorization source apportionment model. Sedimentary depth profiles highlighted higher contamination in the top layer, mainly related to ship traffic combustion and vehicular/industrial emissions from the mainland. Nevertheless, a significant level of pollution has been detected also in the deeper layers, probably due to the transport of particulate matter through the aquifers underlying the lagoon seabed. The results underlined the threat posed by the possible resuspension of pollutants in the water column during contaminated sediment dredging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Pizzini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155 - 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Elisa Morabito
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155 - 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Elena Gregoris
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155 - 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Marco Vecchiato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155 - 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155 - 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Fabiana Corami
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155 - 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Rossano Piazza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155 - 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155 - 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
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Jia T, Guo W, Liu W, Xing Y, Lei R, Wu X, Sun S. Spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the water-sediment system near chemical industry parks in the Yangtze River Delta, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142176. [PMID: 32916481 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) is one of the most populated and economically prosperous regions in China and contains numerous chemical industry parks. To understand the distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), surface water and sediment samples were collected from areas around the industrial parks. The total concentrations of 19 PAHs in water and sediment were 32.98-286 ng L-1 and 15.14-5355 ng g-1, respectively. The highest PAH concentrations in water and sediment were found in samples from Wuxi city, which were dominated by high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs, and strongly influenced by fine chemical parks. HMW compounds dominated in the sediment with PAHs containing four and five rings accounting for 61% of the sedimentary ΣPAHs, PAHs in water were dominated by low molecular weight (LMW) compounds (PAHs with two and three rings represented >68% of ΣPAHs). The results of isomeric ratio analysis and principal component analysis with multiple linear regression indicated that the PAH concentrations in water and sediment near the YRD chemical parks are strongly influenced by industrial emissions. The fugacity fraction approach was applied to explain the trend for water-sediment exchange of 16 priority PAHs, which showed that net fluxes for most were from the sediment into water. The results indicated that the LMW PAHs were in a non-steady state in the sediment-water system. An ecological risk assessment showed that most sites were low to medium risk, but one site was high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Jia
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ying Xing
- Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Rongrong Lei
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shurui Sun
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Yu H, Liu Y, Han C, Fang H, Weng J, Shu X, Pan Y, Ma L. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface waters from the seven main river basins of China: Spatial distribution, source apportionment, and potential risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:141764. [PMID: 32898799 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report long-term measurements of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) collected from the surface waters of seven river basins across China. The spatial distribution, source apportionment, and potential risk assessment of 16 USEPA designated PAHs were reviewed. Water samples were collected from the Songhua River Basin (SRB), Yangtze River Basin (YtRB), Yellow River Basin (YRB), Pearl River Basin (PRB), Huai River Basin (HuRB), Liao River Basin (LRB), and Hai River Basin (HRB). Our results show that the total PAH concentration in the surface waters from primary river basins ranged from 99.60 to 3805.00 ng/L in the dry season with a geometric mean value of 797.96 ng/L, and from 235.84 to 11,812.20 ng/L in the wet season with a geometric mean value of 820.75 ng/L. In the river basins examined, the geometric concentration of Σ16PAHs ranged from 215.50 ng/L to 1969.91 ng/L, with a median value of 837.73 ng/L. In the decreasing order across seven river basins, the geometric mean Σ16PAHs content varied as: SRB (1969.91 ng/L) > LRB (1155.87 ng/L) > YRB (884.06 ng/L) > PRB (837.73 ng/L) > HuRB (559.10 ng/L) > HRB (261.84 ng/L) > YtRB (215.50 ng/L). Moreover, the total PAH concentration was slightly lower in the dry season than in the wet season. The pollution level of PAHs in North China was higher than in South China. No discernible temporal trend was observed in Σ16PAHs observed in China during the past decade. Overall, PAHs designated for priority control measures were Nap, Phe, and Flu; as 2- and 3-ring PAHs were the dominant compounds in the river basins, accounting for 33.7% and 36.9% of the total PAHs, respectively. Source analysis revealed that coal and biomass combustion were the main contributors to PAHs in the river basins, accounting for about 40% of the total. The geometric mean concentrations of individual PAH, including BaP, BaA, BbF, BkF, Ind, and DaA in some water samples exceeded the environmental quality standards of both China and the United States. According to metrics describing eco-toxicity from water contamination, the river basin was at moderate risk in YtRB, YRB, PRB, HuRB, and HRB, but at high risk in SRB and LRB, suggesting that targeted control measures or remedial actions should be undertaken to decrease PAH contamination in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Changxu Han
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Han Fang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Junhe Weng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xingquan Shu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuwei Pan
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Limin Ma
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Qiao X, Zheng B, Li X, Zhao X, Dionysiou DD, Liu Y. Influencing factors and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in groundwater in China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123419. [PMID: 32702619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of persistent organic pollutants. This study investigated the occurrence of 16 PAHs in groundwater of representative regions of China (the cities of Lanzhou, Shijiazhuang, and Golmud and in Du'an County) using a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer. The total concentrations of 16 PAHs (∑PAHs) were in the range 0-29.06 μg/L (average: 594.8 ng/L). Acenaphthylene (Acy) and Naphthalene (Nap) had the highest detected frequency (74.56 %) and highest average concentration (632.7 ng/L), respectively. The average concentration of ∑PAHs in each study area exhibited the following trend: Lanzhou > Golmud > Du'an dry season > Du'an wet season > Shijiazhuang. The dominant PAHs in the study areas comprised mainly 2-4-ring PAHs, i.e., Nap (38.71 %; Shijiazhuang), BaA (40.09 %; Du'an wet season), Ace (16.84 %; Du'an dry season), Nap (43.51 %; Lanzhou), and BaA (57.43 %; Golmud). Overall, the PAHs of 101 samples were derived primarily from combustion and a small number of samples of PAHs originated from petroleum sources. Owing to strong adsorption in the vadose zone, the concentrations of PAHs in Shijiazhuang groundwater were lower than those in the groundwater of Golmud and Du'an. The groundwater in Du'an, Lanzhou and Golmud exhibits potential carcinogenic risk if consumed without further treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui Qiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 10012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Binghui Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 10012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xue Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 10012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xingru Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 10012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH45221-0012, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 10012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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Wu Z, Tao Y. Occurrence and Fluxes of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Third Largest Fresh Water Lake (Lake Taihu) in China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 106:190-197. [PMID: 32303814 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02847-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose great risks to lake ecosystem and human health. Comprehensive knowledge on PAHs in lakes is critical for their risk control. 118 samples were collected from different environmental medium to study the occurrence and fluxes of 16 PAH in Lake Taihu. The average ∑PAH16 in air, water, phytoplankton, zooplankton, suspended particle matter, and surface sediments were 122 ng m-3, 61.3 ng L-1, 6500 ng g-1, 4940 ng g-1, 27,900 ng g-1, and 522 ng g-1, respectively. Sediments were contaminated by PAHs from pyrogenic sources. The average fluxes of air-water, dry deposition, and sinking of the 16 individual PAHs were 2900, 300, and 251 ng m-2 d-1. In the air-water column-surface sediments system, air-water exchange was the main transport pathway. In order to ensure safety of drinking water resources for local residence, the governments are suggested to work together to reduce PAHs emission and implement new energy policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuqiang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
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Adekunle AS, Oyekunle JAO, Oladele AS, Ojo OS, Maxakato NW. Evaluation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Health Risk Assessment of Surface Water and Sediments of River Sasa, Ife North Local Government Area, Nigeria. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-020-00160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Liu W, Wang D, Wang Y, Zeng X, Ni L, Tao Y, Wu J, Liu J, Zou Y, He R, Zhang J. Improved comprehensive ecological risk assessment method and sensitivity analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 187:109500. [PMID: 32460089 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Based on the existing comprehensive ecological risk assessment methods of PAHs, this paper proposed an improved hierarchical Archimedean copula integral assessment (HACIA) model with the optimization in the model selection mechanism and accelerating the calculation speed, and according to which performed the sensitivity analysis of the integrated risk relative to the underlying grouped risk probability. Taihu Lake in China and the Bay of Santander in Spain were taken as study areas, whose samples were obtained and extracted concentrations of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). After briefly analyzing their concentration characteristics and source, their comprehensive ecological risks were evaluated by the improve HACIA model and their sensitivity was also analyzed. The results proved that, for Taihu Lake, pyrogenic sources occupied the dominance, especially grass, coal and wood combustion, while the risk proportion of 5-rings PAHs was the lowest indeed based on the improved HAICA model. For the Bay of Santander, source apportionment indicated both petrogenic and pyrogenic sources, mainly from vehicle emissions including gasoline and diesel engines, and 4-ring PAHs were urgently needed to be managed. However, the sensitivity analysis results of two study areas showed that the most effective control target for reducing integral risk has no obvious relationship with the maximum grouped risk. And a clear linear relationship between the maximum sensitivity range and the logarithm of the initial overall risk only presented in one of study areas, which required further research to clarify. In brief, the improved HACIA model is helpful to evaluate the comprehensive ecological risk of 16 PAHs, and formulate risk management strategies based on grouped risk assessment and sensitivity analysis, with the former points out the admonitory risk and the latter helps to find the most effective mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, Department of Hydrosciences, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, Department of Hydrosciences, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Yuankun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, Department of Hydrosciences, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Xiankui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, Department of Hydrosciences, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Lingling Ni
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, Department of Hydrosciences, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yuwei Tao
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, Department of Hydrosciences, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jichun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, Department of Hydrosciences, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jiufu Liu
- Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ying Zou
- Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ruimin He
- Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, PR China
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Na G, Gao Y, Li R, Gao H, Hou C, Ye J, Jin S, Zhang Z. Occurrence and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmosphere and soil from 2013 to 2019 in the Fildes Peninsula, Antarctica. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 156:111173. [PMID: 32510355 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Long-term monitoring is essential for revealing pollution trends, but relevant studies in the Antarctic remain limited. In this study, a seven-year continuous monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the atmosphere and soil was carried out at the Fildes Peninsula, Antarctica. Average concentrations of Σ15PAHs were 7134.491 pg/m3 and 61.093 ng/g in air and soil, respectively. A declining trend was observed for Σ15PAHs in air during the 2013-2019 summer, but this was not found in soil. Potential sources of PAHs in the Fildes Peninsula were identified by PMF modeling, correlation analysis, air mass back-trajectories and component analysis. The results showed that PAHs in the gas phase were more easily influenced by long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) than in the particle phase. Moreover, temperature played a key role in the PAHs concentration in particle phase. Occurrence of Σ15PAHs in soil was mainly attributed to local sources including fossil fuel combustion and spilling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangshui Na
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation for Tropical Marine Bioresources, Ministry of Education, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572022, China.
| | - Yunze Gao
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China; College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ruijing Li
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hui Gao
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chao Hou
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China; College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jiandong Ye
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China; College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shuaichen Jin
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
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Luo J, Deng J, Cui L, Chang P, Dai X, Yang C, Li N, Ren Z, Zhang X. The potential assessment of green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC-503 in the biodegradation of benz(a)anthracene and the related mechanism analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 249:126097. [PMID: 32078851 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Benz(a)anthracene (BaA) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), that belongs to a group of carcinogenic and mutagenic persistent organic pollutants found in a variety of ecological habitats. In this study, the efficient biodegradation of BaA by a green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C. reinhardtii) CC-503 was investigated. The results showed that the growth of C. reinhardtii was hardly affected with an initial concentration of 10 mg/L, but was inhibited significantly under higher concentrations of BaA (>30 mg/L) (p < 0.05). We demonstrated that the relatively high concentration of 10 mg/L BaA was degraded completely in 11 days, which indicated that C. reinhardtii had an efficient degradation system. During the degradation, the intermediate metabolites were determined to be isomeric phenanthrene or anthracene, 2,6-diisopropylnaphthalene, 1,3-diisopropylnaphthalene, 1,7-diisopropylnaphthalene, and cyclohexanol. The enzymes involved in the degradation included the homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (HGD), the carboxymethylenebutenolidase, the ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and the ubiquinol oxidase. The respective genes encoding these proteins were significantly up-regulated ranging from 3.17 fold to 13.03 fold and the activity of enzymes, such as HGD and Rubisco, was significantly induced up to 4.53 and 1.46 fold (p < 0.05), during the BaA metabolism. This efficient degradation ability suggests that the green alga C. reinhardtii CC-503 may be a sustainable candidate for PAHs remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Luo
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resource and Environment, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jinglin Deng
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resource and Environment, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Lili Cui
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, 250014, Ji'nan, PR China
| | - Peng Chang
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resource and Environment, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xianzhu Dai
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resource and Environment, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Caiyun Yang
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resource and Environment, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Nannan Li
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resource and Environment, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zongming Ren
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, 250014, Ji'nan, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, 443002, Yichang, PR China.
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resource and Environment, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, PR China.
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Wang X, Wang S, Li F, Li R, Zhu J, Chen J, Li W, Jiang D. Occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in youtiao and exposure assessment from Shandong Province, China. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.107049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Xie Z, Gao L, Liang Z, Chen J, Li S, Zhu A, Wu Y, Yang Z, Li R, Wang Z. Characteristics, Sources, and Risks of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Topsoil and Surface Water from the Liuxi River Basin, South China. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 78:401-415. [PMID: 32008048 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-020-00711-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations, composition, sources, and risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in topsoil and surface water of the Liuxi River basin, south China were analyzed in this study. The total concentrations of 16 PAHs ranged from 296.26 to 888.14 ng/g in topsoil and from 156.73 to 422.03 ng/L in surface water, indicating mild pollution. The PAHs in topsoil exhibited an even spatial distribution, suggesting that they originated primarily from dry and wet deposition of transported pollutants. The concentration of PAHs in surface water did not differ significantly geographically, but the concentrations of total, three-, and four-ring PAHs were significantly lower in the Liuxi River than in its tributaries. Three- and two-ring PAHs predominated in topsoil and surface water, respectively. A correlation analysis suggested that the total organic carbon content and pH exerted a negligible effect on the spatial distribution of PAHs in topsoil, and they may have common sources. Fossil fuel combustion (particularly vehicle emissions) and coking production were the dominant sources of PAHs in topsoil, whereas those in surface water were derived from a variety of sources. The total toxic equivalent concentrations of 16 PAHs in topsoil ranged from 3.73 to 105.66 ng/g (mean, 30.93 ng/g), suggesting that exposure to the basin's topsoil does not pose a risk to the environment or public health according to the Canadian soil quality guidelines. A risk assessment revealed that the total PAH concentrations in surface water posed a low ecological risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglan Xie
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Lei Gao
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zuobing Liang
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jianyao Chen
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Shaoheng Li
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Aiping Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yu Wu
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhuowei Wang
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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Zhang L, Wang Y, Tan F, Yang Y, Wu X, Wang W, Liu D. Tidal variability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organophosphate esters in the coastal seawater of Dalian, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 708:134441. [PMID: 31796293 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the tidal variability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organophosphate esters (OPEs) in water dissolved phase from a coastal area of Dalian, China, as well as their air-water exchange trends. The concentrations of PAHs and OPEs in water were in the range of 50.5-74.7 ng/L and 21.6-61.5 ng/L, respectively. Phenanthrene (PHE) was the dominant congener followed by fluorene (FLU) for PAHs, while tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) and tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) dominated for OPEs. PAHs in coastal water showed a tidal variability, but not for OPEs, which may due to the influence of occasional wastewater discharges of OPEs. The source apportionments using principle component analysis and positive matrix factorization suggested that PAHs in the coastal water mainly came from oil spill from ships, coal combustion, and petroleum combustion, while OPEs were derived from diverse sources. The fugacity fractions (ff) suggested that ACY, ACE, FLU, PHE, TCEP, and TPHP volatilized from water into air, while TNBP, TCIPP, and TDCIPP deposited from air into water, and FLA, PYR, BaA, CHR, and EHDPP reached equilibrium. The ff values varied slightly with tidal circle, but the variations were not enough to alter the air-water exchange directions of those compounds. Although the influences of tide on the air-water exchange of PAHs and OPEs were limited, tide still played an important role on the transports and diffusions of those chemicals in the coastal water, which requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Feng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ya Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaowei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources & Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources & Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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Sun X, Wang H, Guo Z, Lu P, Song F, Liu L, Liu J, Rose NL, Wang F. Positive matrix factorization on source apportionment for typical pollutants in different environmental media: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:239-255. [PMID: 31916559 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00529c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A bibliometric analysis of published papers with the key words "positive matrix factorization" and "source apportionment" in 'Web of Science', reveals that more than 1000 papers are associated with this research and that approximately 50% of these were produced in Asia. As a receptor-based model, positive matrix factorization (PMF) has been widely used for source apportionment of various environmental pollutants, such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), heavy metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as well as inorganic cations and anions in the last decade. In this review, based on the papers mainly from 2008 to 2018 that focused on source apportionment of pollutants in different environmental media, we provide a comparison and summary of the source categories of typical environmental pollutants, with a special focus on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), apportioned using PMF. Based on the statistical average, coal combustion and vehicular emission, are shown to be the two most common sources of PAHs, and contribute much more to emissions than other sources, such as biomass burning, biogenic sources and waste incineration. Heavy metals were mainly from agricultural activities, industrial and vehicular emissions and mining activities. Quantitative source apportionment on pollutants such as VOCs and particulate matter were also apportioned, showing a prominent contribution from fossil-fuel combustion. We conclude that, aside from natural sources, abatement strategies should be focused on changes in energy structure and industrial activities, especially in China. Source apportionment of typical POPs including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) is less comprehensive and further study is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Haoqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China and Department of Environmental Science, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Peili Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China and Department of Environmental Science, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Fuzhong Song
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Neil L Rose
- Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Fengwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China and Department of Environmental Science, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China. and Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Ugochukwu UC, Onuorah AL, Okwu-Delunzu VU, Odinkonigbo UL, Onuora OH. Effects of power station and abattoir on PAH input into sediments of Oji River: ecological and human health exposure risks. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:775. [PMID: 31773280 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7917-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the concentration and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the sediments of Oji River due to point sources of pollution from abattoir and power plant and determined the ecological and human health risks associated with the PAHs in the sediments. Oji River in Nigeria receives contaminants from anthropogenic activities relating to waste tires used in singeing cow meats in abattoir and preparing hides and skin for local consumption. It also receives contaminants from power distribution station where the defunct coal power plant used to be situated. These activities have the potential to release polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that could accumulate in the river sediments. The PAHs were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This study found that the abattoir is responsible for the occurrence of benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene and benzo[a]pyrene in the sediments around the abattoir. The occurrence and distribution of PAHs around the area affected by the power station was profound as among all the 16 priority PAHs; only naphthalene benzo[g,h,i]perylene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene were not detected. The five-member ring PAHs were predominant in this section of the river affected by power station. Ecological risks of the PAHs due to the effects of the power station are significant. The total toxicity equivalence (TEQ) of the PAHs upstream the abattoir is insignificant but significant around the abattoir and within the area impacted by the power station. The values of the hazard index (HI) and risk index (RI) indicate insignificant carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic human health risks in all the locations except the area within the influence of the power station where there are insignificant non-carcinogenic risks but significant carcinogenic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amaka Lynda Onuorah
- Shell/UNN Centre for Environmental Management & Control, University of Nigeria, Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Virginia U Okwu-Delunzu
- Department of Geography and Meteorology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Agbani, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Ujunwa L Odinkonigbo
- Shell/UNN Centre for Environmental Management & Control, University of Nigeria, Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Onyechi Henry Onuora
- Shell/UNN Centre for Environmental Management & Control, University of Nigeria, Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
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Simple and effective dispersive micro-solid phase extraction procedure for simultaneous determination of polycyclic aromatic compounds in fresh and marine waters. Talanta 2019; 204:776-791. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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