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Zhou M, Zhang H, Xiao Q, Li K, Li X, Chu H. Potential Adverse Outcome Pathways of Chlorinated Organophosphate Flame Retardants. China CDC Wkly 2024; 6:542-546. [PMID: 38933664 PMCID: PMC11196873 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2024.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
What is already known about this topic? Chlorinated organophosphate flame retardants (Cl-OPFRs) are frequently detected chemicals in the environment and biological samples, yet there is a lack of systematic evaluation regarding the adverse effects and toxicological mechanisms of Cl-OPFRs. What is added by this report? This study utilizes the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework to assess the health implications and mechanisms of Cl-OPFRs, identifying multi-system toxicity, with a particular emphasis on reproductive issues and the possible toxic mechanisms. What are the implications for public health practice? These results enhance knowledge of the health hazards linked to Cl-OPFRs, supporting the creation of focused risk evaluations and suitable regulatory actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Zhou
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huilin Zhang
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center of Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qi Xiao
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kexin Li
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center of Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haiyan Chu
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center of Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
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Yuan C, Zeng Y, Yan X, Luo J, Zeng L, Man YB, Lan B, Kang Y. AhR agonists screening and identification in indoor dust based on non-target chemical analysis by GC-Q-TOFMS and biological effect evaluation referring to ToxCast/Tox21 database. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:142108. [PMID: 38657698 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies reported the concentration of agonists of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in indoor dust by target chemical analysis or the biological effects of activating the AhR by indoor extracts, but the major AhR agonists identification in indoor dust were rarely researched. In the present study, the indoor dust samples were collected for 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) assay and both non-targeted and targeted chemical analysis for AhR agonists by gas chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Coupled with non-targeted analysis and toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast)/Tox21 database, 104 ToxCast chemicals were screened to be able to induce EROD response. The combination of targeted chemical analyses and biological effects evaluation indicated that PAHs, dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and Cypermethrin might be the important AhR-agonists in different indoor dust and mainly contributed in 1.84%-97.56 % (median: 26.62%) of total observed biological effects through comparing toxic equivalency quotient derived from chemical analysis with biological equivalences derived from bioassay. DBP and cypermethrin seldom reported in the analysis of AhR agonists should raise great concern. In addition, the present results in experiment of synthetic solution of 4 selected AhR-agonists pointed out that some unidentified AhR agonists existed in indoor dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoli Yuan
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Zeng
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Yan
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiwen Luo
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixuan Zeng
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Bon Man
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), And Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bingyan Lan
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuan Kang
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
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Yang J, Yao Y, Li X, He A, Chen S, Wang Y, Dong X, Chen H, Wang Y, Wang L, Sun H. Nontarget Identification of Novel Organophosphorus Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in Indoor Air and Dust from Multiple Microenvironments in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:7986-7997. [PMID: 38657129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The indoor environment is a typical source for organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers (OPFRs), yet the source characteristics of OPFRs in different microenvironments remain less clear. This study collected 109 indoor air samples and 34 paired indoor dust samples from 4 typical microenvironments within a university in Tianjin, China, including the dormitory, office, library, and information center. 29 target OPFRs were analyzed, and novel organophosphorus compounds (NOPs) were identified by fragment-based nontarget analysis. Target OPFRs exhibited the highest air and dust concentrations of 46.2-234 ng/m3 and 20.4-76.0 μg/g, respectively, in the information center, where chlorinated OPFRs were dominant. Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) was the primary OPFR in office air, while tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate dominated in the dust. TPHP was predominant in the library. Triethyl phosphate (TEP) was ubiquitous in the dormitory, and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate was particularly high in the dust. 9 of 25 NOPs were identified for the first time, mainly from the information center and office, such as bis(chloropropyl) 2,3-dichloropropyl phosphate. Diphenyl phosphinic acid, two hydroxylated and methylated metabolites of tris(2,4-ditert-butylphenyl) phosphite (AO168), and a dimer phosphate were newly reported in the indoor environment. NOPs were widely associated with target OPFRs, and their human exposure risk and environmental behaviors warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yiming Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ana He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shijie Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yulong Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hao Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Masinga P, Simbanegavi TT, Makuvara Z, Marumure J, Chaukura N, Gwenzi W. Emerging organic contaminants in the soil-plant-receptor continuum: transport, fate, health risks, and removal mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:367. [PMID: 38488937 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
There is a lack of comprehensive reviews tracking emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) within the soil-plant continuum using the source-pathway-receptor-impact-mitigation (SPRIM) framework. Therefore, this review examines existing literature to gain insights into the occurrence, behaviour, fate, health hazards, and strategies for mitigating EOCs within the soil-plant system. EOCs identified in the soil-plant system encompass endocrine-disrupting chemicals, surfactants, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, plasticizers, gasoline additives, flame retardants, and per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Sources of EOCs in the soil-plant system include the land application of biosolids, wastewater, and solid wastes rich in EOCs. However, less-studied sources encompass plastics and atmospheric deposition. EOCs are transported from their sources to the soil-plant system and other receptors through human activities, wind-driven processes, and hydrological pathways. The behaviour, persistence, and fate of EOCs within the soil-plant system are discussed, including sorption, degradation, phase partitioning, (bio)transformation, biouptake, translocation, and bioaccumulation in plants. Factors governing the behaviour, persistence, and fate of EOCs in the soil-plant system include pH, redox potential, texture, temperature, and soil organic matter content. The review also discusses the environmental receptors of EOCs, including their exchange with other environmental compartments (aquatic and atmospheric), and interactions with soil organisms. The ecological health risks, human exposure via inhalation of particulate matter and consumption of contaminated food, and hazards associated with various EOCs in the soil-plant system are discussed. Various mitigation measures including removal technologies of EOCs in the soil are discussed. Finally, future research directions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Privilege Masinga
- Department of Soil Science and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Environment, and Food Systems, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, P. O. Box MP 167, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Tinoziva T Simbanegavi
- Department of Soil Science and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Environment, and Food Systems, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, P. O. Box MP 167, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Zakio Makuvara
- Department of Physics, Geography and Environmental Science, School of Natural Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jerikias Marumure
- Department of Physics, Geography and Environmental Science, School of Natural Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nhamo Chaukura
- Department of Physical and Earth Sciences, Sol Plaatje University, Kimberley, 8301, South Africa
| | - Willis Gwenzi
- Biosystems and Engineering Research Group, 380 New Adylin, Marlborough, Harare, Zimbabwe.
- Biosystems and Environmental Engineering Research Group, 380 New Adylin, Marlborough, Harare, Zimbabwe.
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Zhang Q, Wu R, Zheng S, Luo C, Huang W, Shi X, Wu K. Exposure of male adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) to triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) induces eye development disorders and disrupts neurotransmitter system-mediated abnormal locomotor behavior in larval offspring. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133332. [PMID: 38147758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) is a widely used organophosphorus flame retardant, which has become ubiquitous in the environment. However, little information is available regarding its transgenerational effects. This study aimed to investigate the developmental toxicity of TPhP on F1 larvae offspring of adult male zebrafish exposed to various concentrations of TPhP for 28 or 60 days. The findings revealed significant morphological changes, alterations in locomotor behavior, variations in neurotransmitter, histopathological changes, oxidative stress levels, and disruption of Retinoic Acid (RA) signaling in the F1 larvae. After 28 and 60 days of TPhP exposure, the F1 larvae exhibited a myopia-like phenotype with pathological alterations in the lens and retina. The genes involved in the RA signaling pathway were down-regulated following parental TPhP exposure. Swimming speed and total distance of F1 larvae were significantly reduced by TPhP exposure, and long-term exposure to environmental levels of TPhP had more pronounced effects on locomotor behavior and neurotransmitter levels. In conclusion, TPhP induced histological and morphological alterations in the eyes of F1 larvae, leading to visual dysfunction, disruption of RA signaling and neurotransmitter systems, and ultimately resulting in neurobehavioral abnormalities. These findings highlight the importance of considering the impact of TPhP on the survival and population reproduction of wild larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruotong Wu
- School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Shukai Zheng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Congying Luo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenlong Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoling Shi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Kusheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
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6
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Melchiors M, Tran KM, Svingen T, Rosenmai AK. In vitro assessment of potential endocrine disrupting activities of chlorinated paraffins of various chain lengths. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 484:116843. [PMID: 38331103 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The production of chlorinated paraffins (CPs) has risen in the past two decades due to their versatile industrial applications. Consequently, CPs are now widely detected in human food sources, the environment, and in human matrices such as serum, the placenta and breast milk. This raises concern about prenatal and postnatal exposure. While some studies suggest that certain short-chained CPs (SCCPs) may have endocrine disrupting properties, knowledge about potential endocrine disrupting potential of medium- (MCCP) and long-chained CPs (LCCPs) remains relativity sparse. Here, we used a panel of in vitro assays to investigate seven pure CPs and two technical mixtures of CPs. These varied in chain length and, chlorination degree. The in vitro panel covered androgen, estrogen, and retinoic acid receptor activities, transthyretin displacement, and steroidogenesis. One of the SCCPs inhibited androgen receptor (AR) activity. All SCCPs induced estrogen receptor (ER) activity. Some SCCPs and MCCPs increased 17β-estradiol levels in the steroidogenesis assay, though not consistently across all substances in these groups. SCCPs exhibited the most pronounced effects in multiple in vitro assays, while the tested LCCPs showed no effects. Based on our results, some CPs can have endocrine disrupting potential in vitro. These findings warrant further examinations to ensure that CPs do not cause issues in intact organisms, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikala Melchiors
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Kieu-Mi Tran
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Terje Svingen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
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Zhang S, Zhao M, Li S, Yang R, Yin N, Faiola F. Developmental toxicity assessment of neonicotinoids and organophosphate esters with a human embryonic stem cell- and metabolism-based fast-screening model. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 137:370-381. [PMID: 37980023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, neonicotinoids (NEOs) and organophosphate esters (OPEs) have been widely used as substitutes for traditional pesticides and brominated flame-retardants, respectively. Previous studies have shown that those compounds can be frequently detected in environmental and human samples, are able to penetrate the placental barrier, and are toxic to animals. Thus, it is reasonable to speculate that NEOs and OPEs may have potential adverse effects in humans, especially during development. We employed a human embryonic stem cell differentiation- and liver S9 fraction metabolism-based fast screening model to assess the potential embryonic toxicity of those two types of chemicals. We show that four NEO and five OPE prototypes targeted mostly ectoderm specification, as neural ectoderm and neural crest genes were down-regulated, and surface ectoderm and placode markers up-regulated. Human liver S9 fraction's treatment could generally reduce the effects of the chemicals, except in a few specific instances, indicating the liver may detoxify NEOs and OPEs. Our findings suggest that NEOs and OPEs interfere with human early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shichang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Renjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Nuoya Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Francesco Faiola
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Li H, Li F, Zhou C, Bu J, Yang H, Zhong L, Xing W, Li L. Exposure to OPFRs Is Associated with Obesity and Dysregulated Serum Lipid Profiles: Data from 2017-2018 NHANES. Metabolites 2024; 14:124. [PMID: 38393016 PMCID: PMC10890692 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Widespread exposure to organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) has been observed in the general population. Emerging studies have revealed OPFRs possess endocrine-disturbing properties. The present study aims to assess the association between urinary metabolites of OPFRs, BMI, and serum lipid profiles. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018 were obtained, with 1334 adults enrolled in the current study. Urinary concentrations of bis (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPP), bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP), bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP), dibutyl phosphate (DBUP), and diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) were quantified to assess OPFR exposure. Covariate-adjusted linear and logistic regression models were conducted to explore the associations between log2-transformed concentrations of OPFR metabolites, BMI, obesity, and serum lipid profiles. Stratified analyses were performed to assess the heterogeneity of associations by age, gender, race, etc. Positive associations were found between OPFR exposure and the risk of obesity. The multivariate linear analysis indicated that a one-unit increase in log2-transformed urinary concentrations of BCEP and BDCPP was associated with 0.27 (95% CI: 0.02-0.52, p = 0.0338) and 0.56 (95% CI: 0.25-0.87, p = 0.0004) higher BMI value, respectively. One log2-unit increase in urinary BCEP and BDCPP concentrations was associated with 1.1-fold (95% CI: 1.02-1.18, p = 0.0096) and 1.19-fold (95% CI: 1.09-1.30, p = 0.0001) risk for developing obesity. Furthermore, the non-linear relationship between exposure to OPFRs and obesity was identified. Additionally, multivariable linear regression showed that urinary DPHP concentrations were inversely correlated with serum triglyceride (TG) levels (β = -7.41, 95% CI: -12.13 to -2.68, p = 0.0022). However, no other OPFR metabolites were found to be significantly statistically associated with serum lipid levels after adjusting for potential confounders. In conclusion, environmental exposure to OPFRs might contribute to obesity and dysregulated TG concentrations in adults. Future prospective research is warranted to confirm the causal relationship between metabolites of OPFRs and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Fenglin Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Chaoyi Zhou
- Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Nanjing 210042, China
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China
| | - Jifan Bu
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Hao Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Liangchen Zhong
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Weilong Xing
- Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Liangzhong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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9
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Ma Y, Pedersen M, Vinggaard AM. In vitro antiandrogenic effects of the herbicide linuron and its metabolites. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140773. [PMID: 38000554 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Although the herbicide linuron is banned for use in the EU due to its reproductive and developmental toxicity, it can still be found in randomly sampled foods grown in and outside the EU. It is not clear if metabolites of linuron can contribute to the endocrine disrupting effects following exposure to the parent compound. To address this gap, we analysed linuron and the metabolites 1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) urea (DCU), 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA) and 1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-methoxyurea (DCXU) for androgen receptor (AR) activities and effects on steroidogenesis. Generally, linuron and the metabolites showed qualitatively similar antiandrogenic profiles, but potencies varied. All compounds were AR antagonists, with linuron showing highest potency (IC50 of 2.8 μM). The overall picture of effects on steroidogenesis showed that linuron and metabolites increased the levels of estrogens and corticosteroids, whereas the synthesis of androgens was inhibited. The metabolite DCU was by far the most potent inhibitor of testosterone synthesis (IC50 of 6.7 μM compared to IC50 of 51.1 μM for linuron). We suggest that it is likely that the metabolites contribute to the antiandrogenic effects of linuron in vivo, especially by inhibiting testosterone synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Ma
- Cell Toxicology Team, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mikael Pedersen
- Research group for Analytical Food Chemistry, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne Marie Vinggaard
- Cell Toxicology Team, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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10
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Paun I, Pirvu F, Iancu VI, Niculescu M, Pascu LF, Chiriac FL. An Initial Survey on Occurrence, Fate, and Environmental Risk Assessment of Organophosphate Flame Retardants in Romanian Waterways. J Xenobiot 2023; 14:31-50. [PMID: 38249100 PMCID: PMC10801549 DOI: 10.3390/jox14010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Organophosphate ester flame retardants (OPFRs) are ubiquitous organic pollutants in the environment and present an important preoccupation due to their potential toxicity to humans and biota. They can be found in various sources, including consumer products, building materials, transportation industry, electronic devices, textiles and clothing, and recycling and waste management. This paper presents the first survey of its kind in Romania, investigating the composition, distribution, possible sources, and environmental risks of OPFRs in five wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and the rivers receiving their effluents. Samples from WWTPs and surface waters were collected and subjected to extraction processes to determine the OPFRs using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. All the target OPFRs were found in all the matrices, with the average concentrations ranging from 0.6 to 1422 ng/L in wastewater, 0.88 to 1851 ng/g dry weight (d.w.) in sewage sludge, and 0.73 to 1036 ng/L in surface waters. The dominant compound in all the cases was tri(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP). This study observed that the wastewater treatment process was inefficient, with removal efficiencies below 50% for all five WWTPs. The environmental risk assessment indicated that almost all the targeted OPFRs pose a low risk, while TDCPP, TCPP, and TMPP could pose a moderate risk to certain aquatic species. These findings provide valuable information for international pollution research and enable the development of pollution control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luoana Florentina Pascu
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology—ECOIND, Drumul Podu Dambovitei Street 57-73, 060652 Bucharest, Romania; (I.P.); (F.P.); (V.I.I.); (M.N.)
| | - Florentina Laura Chiriac
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology—ECOIND, Drumul Podu Dambovitei Street 57-73, 060652 Bucharest, Romania; (I.P.); (F.P.); (V.I.I.); (M.N.)
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11
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Wu Y, Zheng W, Chen C, Yang L, Tong P, Zhong Y, Lin Z, Cai Z. Facile synthesis of spherical covalent organic frameworks for enrichment and quantification of aryl organophosphate esters in mouse serum and tissues. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300482. [PMID: 37727055 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Here, an imine-linked-based spherical covalent organic framework (COF) was prepared at room temperature. The as-synthesized spherical COF served as an adsorbent in dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE), by its virtue of great surface area (1542.68 m2 /g), regular distribution of pore size (2.95 nm), and excellent stability. Therefore, a simple and high-efficiency dispersive solid phase extraction method based on a spherical COF coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was established to determine aryl organophosphate esters in biological samples. This approach displayed favorable linearity in the range of 10.0-1000.0 ng/L (r > 0.9989), a high signal enhancement factor (58.8-181.8 folds) with low limits of detection (0.3-3.3 ng/L). Moreover, it could effectively eliminate complex matrix interference to accurately extract seven aryl organophosphate esters from mouse serum and tissue samples with spiked recoveries of 82.0%-117.4%. The as-synthesized spherical COF has been successfully applied in sample preparation. The dSPE-HPLC-MS/MS method based on a spherical COF has potential application to study the pollutants' metabolism in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Canrong Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Linyan Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ping Tong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yanhui Zhong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zian Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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12
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Bajard L, Vespalcová H, Negi CK, Kohoutek J, Bláha L, Sovadinová I. Anti-androgenic activity of novel flame retardants in mixtures: Newly identified contribution from tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate (TDBP-TAZTO). CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140004. [PMID: 37652251 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, male infertility has been on the rise, largely attributed to exposure to chemicals with endocrine-disrupting properties. The adverse effects of disrupting androgen actions on the development and reproductive health of children and adolescents have been extensively studied. Flame retardants (FRs), used in consumer products to delay flammability, have been identified as antagonists of the androgen receptor (AR), potentially leading to adverse outcomes in male reproductive health later in life. This study examined the interaction of eight novel FRs with the AR, employing an in vitro AR-dependent luciferase reporter gene assay utilizing MDA-kb2 cells. The investigation revealed the anti-androgenic activity of tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate (TDBP-TAZTO), a frequently detected FR in the environment. Furthermore, TDBP-TAZTO contributed to anti-androgenic activity when combined with six other anti-androgenic FRs. The mixture effects were predicted by three commonly employed models: concentration addition (CA), generalized CA, and independent action, with the CA model showcasing the highest accuracy. This suggests that all FRs act through a similar mechanism, as further confirmed by in silico molecular docking, indicating limited synergy or antagonism. Importantly, in the mixtures, each FR contributed to the induction of anti-androgenic effects at concentrations below their individual effective concentrations in single exposures. This raises concern for public health, especially considering the co-detection of these FRs and their potential co-occurrence with other anti-androgenic chemicals like bisphenols. Therefore, our findings, along with previous research, strongly support the incorporation of combined effects of mixtures in risk assessment to efficiently safeguard population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola Bajard
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Vespalcová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Chander K Negi
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kohoutek
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Luděk Bláha
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Sovadinová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic.
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13
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Ye L, Li J, Gong S, Herczegh SM, Zhang Q, Letcher RJ, Su G. Established and emerging organophosphate esters (OPEs) and the expansion of an environmental contamination issue: A review and future directions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132095. [PMID: 37523961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The list of organophosphate esters (OPEs) reported in the environment continues to expand as evidenced by the increasing number of OPE studies in the literature. However, there remains a general dearth of information on more recently produced and used OPEs that are proving to be emerging environmental contaminants. The present review summarizes the available studies in a systematic framework of the current state of knowledge on the analysis, environmental fate, and behavior of emerging OPEs. This review also details future directions to better understand emerging OPEs in the environment. Firstly, we make recommendations that the current structural/practical abbreviations and naming of OPEs be revised and updated. A chemical database (CDB) containing 114 OPEs is presently established based on the suspect list from the current scientific literature. There are 12 established OPEs and a total of 83 emerging OPEs that have been reported in human and/or biota samples. Of the emerging OPEs more than 80% have nearly 100% detection frequencies in samples of certain environmental media including indoor air, wastewater treatment plants, sediment, and fish. In contrast to OPEs considered established contaminants, most emerging OPEs have been identified more recently due to the more pervasive use of high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) based approaches and especially gas or liquid chromatography coupled with HRMS-based non-target analysis (NTA) of environmental sample fractions. Intentional/unintentional industrial use and non-industrial formation are sources of emerging OPEs in the environment. Predicted physical-chemical properties in silico of newer, molecularly larger and more oligomeric OPEs strongly suggest that some compounds such as bisphenol A diphenyl phosphate (BPA-DPP) are highly persistent, bioaccumulative and/or toxic. Limited information on laboratory-based toxicity data has shown that some emerging OPEs elicit harmful effects such as cytotoxicity, development toxicity, hepatotoxicity, and endocrine disruption in exposed humans and mammals. Established, and to a much lesser degree emerging OPEs, have also been shown to transform and degrade in biota and possibly alter their toxicological effects. Research on emerging OPE contaminants is presently limited and more study is warranted on sample analysis methods, source apportionment, transformation processes, environmental behavior, biomarkers of exposure and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Langjie Ye
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Shuai Gong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Sofia M Herczegh
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Guanyong Su
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
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14
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Zhang S, Li X, Li X, Wang X, Ru S, Tian H. 17β-Trenbolone activates androgen receptor, upregulates transforming growth factor beta/bone morphogenetic protein and Wnt signaling pathways, and induces masculinization of caudal and anal fins in female guppies (Poecilia reticulata). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 263:106677. [PMID: 37677862 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Sexually mature female guppies (Poecilia reticulata) were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations (20, 200, and 2000 ng/L) of 17β-trenbolone for four weeks. As evidenced by the increased caudal fin index and anal fins developing into gonopodium-like structures, exposed females displayed masculinized secondary sexual characteristics. Differential gene expression and subsequent pathway analysis of mRNA sequencing data revealed that the transcription of transforming growth factor beta/bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway and Wnt signaling pathway were upregulated following 17β-trenbolone exposure. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays showed that the bone morphogenetic protein 7 protein content was elevated after 17β-trenbolone exposure. Finally, real-time PCR revealed that 17β-trenbolone treatment significantly increased androgen receptor mRNA levels, and molecular docking showed potent interaction between 17β-trenbolone and guppy androgen receptor. Furthermore, 17β-trenbolone-induced masculinization of caudal and anal fins in female guppies, concomitant to the upregulated expression of differentially expressed genes involved in the above-mentioned two signaling pathways, was significantly inhibited by flutamide (androgen receptor antagonist). These findings demonstrated that 17β-trenbolone masculinized fins of female guppies by activating the androgen receptor. This study revealed that 17β-trenbolone could upregulate signaling pathways related to fin growth and differentiation, and eventually cause caudal and anal fin masculinization in female guppies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqiu Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong province, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong province, China
| | - Xuefu Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong province, China; College of Life Science, Langfang Normal University, Langfang 065000, Hebei province, China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong province, China
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong province, China
| | - Hua Tian
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong province, China.
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15
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Zhao S, Liu X, Wu Z, Lin T, Sun H, Wang W, Guo Z, Yao Z. Investigating the presence of organophosphate esters in sediments from a typical fishing port agglomeration in Dalian, North China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122233. [PMID: 37481025 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
The presence of 14 organophosphate esters (OPEs) in surface sediments from a typical fishing port agglomeration in Dalian, North China was investigated for the first time. Tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP), triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO), and tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) dominated 12 detectable OPEs (∑OPEs), with concentrations ranging widely from 0.56 to 352 ng/g (dry weight basis). The ∑OPE levels in sediments varied significantly across fishing harbors of various grades, and within the same grade, highlighting uneven distribution of OPE sources and inputs to harbors. The first- and second-class fishing harbors had higher geometric mean of ∑OPE contents compared to center and natural harbors, reflecting higher OPE pollution in these areas. Although there were significant correlations among the OPE congeners with high detection frequencies, the composition patterns of sediment OPEs varied considerably among fishing ports. The sediments in the center and first-class harbors had higher abundance of non-chlorinated OPEs (non-Cl-OPEs), suggesting heterogeneity in source strength and pollution characteristics of Cl- and non-Cl-OPEs in fishing ports. The distribution of OPEs in sediments was weakly associated with sediment organic carbon, but not socioeconomic variables, indicating complex controlling factors of their distributions in port sediments. The ecological risks of sediment OPEs were evaluated, and while OPE accumulations ranged broadly (7-684 ng/cm2), exposure hazards were negligible. The sediments in first- and second-class fishing harbors, which had greater OPE accumulation, were identified as reservoirs of OPEs in port aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilan Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xing Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zilan Wu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Tian Lin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Hao Sun
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Agilent Technologies (China) Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ziwei Yao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
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16
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Tastet V, Le Vée M, Kerhoas M, Zerdoug A, Jouan E, Bruyère A, Fardel O. Interactions of organophosphate flame retardants with human drug transporters. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115348. [PMID: 37597291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are environmental pollutants of increasing interest, widely distributed in the environment and exerting possible deleterious effects towards the human health. The present study investigates in vitro their possible interactions with human drug transporters, which are targets for environmental chemicals and actors of their toxicokinetics. Some OPFRs, i.e., tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCPP), tri-o-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), were found to inhibit activities of some transporters, such as organic anion transporter 3 (OAT3), organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1, OATP1B3, organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) or breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). These effects were concentration-dependent, with IC50 values ranging from 6.1 µM (for TDCPP-mediated inhibition of OCT2) to 51.4 µM (for TOCP-mediated inhibition of BCRP). OPFRs also blocked the transporter-dependent membrane passage of endogenous substrates, notably that of hormones. OAT3 however failed to transport TBOEP and TPHP. OPFRs additionally repressed mRNA expressions of some transporters in cultured human hepatic HepaRG cells, especially those of OAT2 and OCT1 in response to TOCP, with IC50 values of 2.3 µM and 2.5 µM, respectively. These data therefore add OPFRs to the expanding list of pollutants interacting with drug transporters, even if OPFR concentrations required to impact transporters, in the 2-50 µM range, are rather higher than those observed in humans environmentally or dietarily exposed to these chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Tastet
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Marc Le Vée
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Marie Kerhoas
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Anna Zerdoug
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Elodie Jouan
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Arnaud Bruyère
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Fardel
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé), France.
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17
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Maloney E, Villeneuve D, Jensen K, Blackwell B, Kahl M, Poole S, Vitense K, Feifarek D, Patlewicz G, Dean K, Tilton C, Randolph E, Cavallin J, LaLone C, Blatz D, Schaupp C, Ankley G. Evaluation of Complex Mixture Toxicity in the Milwaukee Estuary (WI, USA) Using Whole-Mixture and Component-Based Evaluation Methods. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:1229-1256. [PMID: 36715369 PMCID: PMC10775314 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities introduce complex mixtures into aquatic environments, necessitating mixture toxicity evaluation during risk assessment. There are many alternative approaches that can be used to complement traditional techniques for mixture assessment. Our study aimed to demonstrate how these approaches could be employed for mixture evaluation in a target watershed. Evaluations were carried out over 2 years (2017-2018) across 8-11 study sites in the Milwaukee Estuary (WI, USA). Whole mixtures were evaluated on a site-specific basis by deploying caged fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) alongside composite samplers for 96 h and characterizing chemical composition, in vitro bioactivity of collected water samples, and in vivo effects in whole organisms. Chemicals were grouped based on structure/mode of action, bioactivity, and pharmacological activity. Priority chemicals and mixtures were identified based on their relative contributions to estimated mixture pressure (based on cumulative toxic units) and via predictive assessments (random forest regression). Whole mixture assessments identified target sites for further evaluation including two sites targeted for industrial/urban chemical mixture effects assessment; three target sites for pharmaceutical mixture effects assessment; three target sites for further mixture characterization; and three low-priority sites. Analyses identified 14 mixtures and 16 chemicals that significantly contributed to cumulative effects, representing high or medium priority targets for further ecotoxicological evaluation, monitoring, or regulatory assessment. Overall, our study represents an important complement to single-chemical prioritizations, providing a comprehensive evaluation of the cumulative effects of mixtures detected in a target watershed. Furthermore, it demonstrates how different tools and techniques can be used to identify diverse facets of mixture risk and highlights strategies that can be considered in future complex mixture assessments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1229-1256. © 2023 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D.L. Villeneuve
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US EPA,
Duluth, MN, USA
| | - K.M. Jensen
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US EPA,
Duluth, MN, USA
| | - B.R. Blackwell
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US EPA,
Duluth, MN, USA
| | - M.D. Kahl
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US EPA,
Duluth, MN, USA
| | - S.T. Poole
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US EPA,
Duluth, MN, USA
| | - K. Vitense
- Scientific Computing and Data Curation Division, US EPA,
Duluth, MN, USA
| | - D.J. Feifarek
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US EPA,
Duluth, MN, USA
| | - G. Patlewicz
- Centre for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US EPA,
Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - K. Dean
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US EPA,
Duluth, MN, USA
| | - C. Tilton
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US EPA,
Duluth, MN, USA
| | - E.C. Randolph
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US EPA,
Duluth, MN, USA
| | - J.E. Cavallin
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US EPA,
Duluth, MN, USA
| | - C.A. LaLone
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US EPA,
Duluth, MN, USA
| | - D. Blatz
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US EPA,
Duluth, MN, USA
| | - C. Schaupp
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US EPA,
Duluth, MN, USA
| | - G.T. Ankley
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US EPA,
Duluth, MN, USA
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18
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Luan M, Liang H, Chen Y, Chen D, Ji H, Chen H, Miao M, Yuan W. Prenatal exposure to organophosphate esters is associated with decreased anogenital distance in offspring. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159050. [PMID: 36174683 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence from in vitro and rodent studies suggests that organophosphate esters (OPEs) may disrupt sex steroid hormone homeostasis, but no human studies, to date, have examined the effects of in utero exposure to OPEs on offspring reproductive development. OBJECTIVE Anogenital distance (AGD) is a sensitive biomarker of fetal hormonal milieu and has been used to assess reproductive toxicity. We evaluated the longitudinal effects of prenatal exposure to OPEs on the AGD of offspring from birth to 4 years. METHODS Based on Shanghai-Minhang Birth Cohort Study, pregnant women provided urine samples at a gestational age of 12-16 weeks, which were analyzed for eight OPE metabolites. AGD was measured in offspring at birth and 0.5, 1, and 4 years of age. We used generalized estimating equations (GEE) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models to estimate the associations of prenatal exposure to individual OPE metabolites and OPE mixtures with AGD stratified by sex. RESULTS A total of 733 mother-infant pairs were analyzed. Prenatal exposure to diphenyl phosphate and bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate was associated with decreased AGD in boys in GEE models. Bis-(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPP) showed a similar but marginally significant effect. Prenatal exposure to most OPE metabolites was associated with decreased AGD in girls, with the most profound association observed for bis (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (BBOEP) and alkyl-OPEs. The OPE mixture was also inversely associated with AGD in both sexes. The single-exposure effects of BKMR models were largely consistent with those observed in the GEE models. In addition, alkyl-OPEs, particularly BBOEP, contributed the most to the decreased AGD in girls, while BCIPP contributed the most to the decreased AGD in boys. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first human evidence that prenatal exposure to OPEs is associated with decreased AGD in offspring. The magnitude of these effects may vary depending on the structure of OPEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Luan
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Liang
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Shanghai, China
| | - Yafei Chen
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Shanghai, China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honglei Ji
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Shanghai, China
| | - Hexia Chen
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maohua Miao
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Yuan
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Shanghai, China
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Xie J, Tu H, Chen Y, Chen Z, Yang Z, Liu Y. Triphenyl phosphate induces clastogenic effects potently in mammalian cells, human CYP1A2 and 2E1 being major activating enzymes. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 369:110259. [PMID: 36372259 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
As a new-type flame retardant and toxic substance, triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is a ubiquitous pollutant present even in human blood. TPP is transformed by human CYP enzymes to oxidized/dealkylated metabolites. The impact of TPP metabolism on its toxicity, however, remains unclear. In this study, the genotoxicity of TPP in several mammalian cell lines and its relevance to CYP/sulfortransferase (SULT) activities were investigated. The results indicated that TPP induced micronucleus formation at ≥1 μM concentrations in a human hepatoma (C3A, endogenous CYPs being substantial) cell line, which was abolished by 1-aminobenzotriazole (CYPs inhibitor). In cell line HepG2 (parental to C3A with lower CYP expression) TPP was inactive up to 10 μM, while pretreatment with ethanol (CYP2E1 inducer), PCB 126 (CYP1A inducer), or rifampicin (CYP3A inducer) led to micronucleus formation by TPP. In V79-Mz and V79-derived cells expressing human CYP1A1 TPP was inactive (up to 32 μM), and in cells expressing human CYP1B1, 2B6 and 3A4 it induced micronucleus weakly (positive only at 32 μM). However, TPP induced micronucleus potently in V79-derived cells expressing human CYP1A2, while this effect was drastically reduced by human SULT1A1 co-expression; likewise, TPP was inactive in cells expressing both human CYP2E1 and SULT1A1, but became positive with pentachlorophenol (inhibitor of SULT1) co-exposure. Moreover, in C3A cells TPP selectively induced centromere-free micronucleus (immunofluorescent assay), and TPP increased γ-H2AX (by Western blot, indicating double-strand DNA breaks). In conclusion, this study suggests that TPP is potently clastogenic, human CYP1A2 and 2E1 being major activating enzymes while SULT1A1 involved in detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Xie
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hongwei Tu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Yijing Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhihong Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zongying Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yungang Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Samare-Najaf M, Samareh A, Namavar Jahromi B, Jamali N, Vakili S, Mohsenizadeh M, Clark CCT, Abbasi A, Khajehyar N. Female infertility caused by organophosphates: an insight into the latest biochemical and histomorphological findings. TOXIN REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2022.2120897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Samare-Najaf
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Kerman Regional Blood Transfusion Center, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Samareh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Navid Jamali
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
| | - Sina Vakili
- Infertility Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Majid Mohsenizadeh
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Kerman Regional Blood Transfusion Center, Kerman, Iran
| | - Cain C. T. Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Ali Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Nastaran Khajehyar
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Kerman Regional Blood Transfusion Center, Kerman, Iran
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21
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Siddique S, Farhat I, Kubwabo C, Chan P, Goodyer CG, Robaire B, Chevrier J, Hales BF. Exposure of men living in the greater Montreal area to organophosphate esters: Association with hormonal balance and semen quality. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 166:107402. [PMID: 35839669 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to organophosphate esters (OPEs) is extensive, yet few studies have investigated their association with hormone levels or semen quality. Here, we studied the association between urinary concentrations of OPEs and their metabolites with hormone levels and semen parameters in men (n = 117) predominantly in the 20-29 years age range who were recruited from the greater Montreal area between 2009 and 2012. Urine, serum, and semen samples were analyzed for OPEs, hormones, and semen quality, respectively. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (BEHP), bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) hydrogen phosphate (B2,4DtBPP), tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), diphenyl phosphate (DPHP), bis (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (BBOEP) and di-cresyl phosphate (DCPs) were detected in urine at a frequency ≥ 95%. The highest geometric mean concentration was observed for DPHP (18.54 ng/mL) and the second highest was B2,4DtBPP (6.23 ng/mL). Associations between a doubling in analyte concentrations in urine and hormone levels and semen quality parameters were estimated using multivariable linear regression. B2,4DtBPP levels were positively associated with total T3 (β = 0.09; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.17). DPHP was inversely associated with estradiol (β = -2.56; 95% CI: -5.00, -0.17), and TCIPP was inversely associated with testosterone (β = -0.78; 95% CI: -1.40, -0.17). Concentrations of BCIPP were inversely associated with sperm concentrations (β = -7.76; 95% CI: -14.40, -0.61), progressive motility (β = - 4.98; 95% CI: -8.71, -1.09), and the sperm motility index (β = -9.72; 95% CI: -17.71, -0.96). In contrast, urinary DPHP concentrations were positively associated with the sperm motility (β = 4.37; 95% CI: 0.76, 8.12) and fertility indices (β = 6.64; 95% CI: 1.96, 11.53). Thus, OPE detection rates were high and exposure to several OPEs was associated with altered hormone levels and semen parameters. The possibility that OPEs affect male reproduction warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabana Siddique
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Imen Farhat
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cariton Kubwabo
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Chan
- Division of Urology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cynthia G Goodyer
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bernard Robaire
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan Chevrier
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Barbara F Hales
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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22
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Cunha SC, Menezes-Sousa D, Mello FV, Miranda JAT, Fogaca FHS, Alonso MB, Torres JPM, Fernandes JO. Survey on endocrine-disrupting chemicals in seafood: Occurrence and distribution. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 210:112886. [PMID: 35150711 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the presence of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the marine environment pose а potential risk to both wildlife and human health. The occurrence of EDCs in seafood depends of several factors such as source and amounts of EDCs that reach the aquatic environment, physicochemical features of EDCs, and its accumulation in trophic chain. This review highlights the occurrence and distribution of EDCs along the seafood in the last 6 years. The following EDCs were included in this review: brominated flame retardants (PBDEs, PBBs, HBCDDs, TBBPA, and novel flame retardants); pharmaceuticals (paracetamol, ibuprofen, diclofenac, carbamazepine), bisphenols, hormones, personal care products (Musk and UV Filters), and pesticides (organochlorides, organophosphates, and pyrethroids). Some of them were found above the threshold that may cause negative effects on human, animal, and environmental health. More control in some countries, as well as new legislation and inspection over the purchase, sale, use, and production of these compounds, are urgently needed. This review provides data to support risk assessment and raises critical gaps to stimulate and improve future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Cunha
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Dhoone Menezes-Sousa
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; Micropollutants Laboratory Jan Japenga, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - CCS - Bl. G, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flávia V Mello
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; Micropollutants Laboratory Jan Japenga, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - CCS - Bl. G, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Joyce A T Miranda
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; Micropollutants Laboratory Jan Japenga, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - CCS - Bl. G, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fabiola H S Fogaca
- Bioacessiblity Laboratory, Embrapa Agroindustria de Alimentos, Av. Das Americas, 29501, 23020-470, Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariana B Alonso
- Micropollutants Laboratory Jan Japenga, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - CCS - Bl. G, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - João Paulo M Torres
- Micropollutants Laboratory Jan Japenga, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - CCS - Bl. G, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José O Fernandes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
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23
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Bevington C, Williams AJ, Guider C, Baker NC, Meyer B, Babich MA, Robinson S, Jones A, Phillips KA. Development of a Flame Retardant and an Organohalogen Flame Retardant Chemical Inventory. Sci Data 2022. [PMCID: PMC9192637 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01351-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been many attempts to compile comprehensive lists of flame retardants. However, this goal has proven challenging due to the heterogeneity of compounds that can be used as flame retardants coupled with changes in formulation chemistry over time. Flame retardants have been the focus of many recent existing hazard, exposure, and risk assessments. These assessments have been class-based or for individual chemical substances. Here, diverse sets of publicly available data sources from governmental organizations and the open literature were compiled to develop an inventory of chemicals used as flame retardants and organohalogen flame retardants. The chemical substances from these data sources were mapped to appropriate chemical identifiers via manual curation and deduplicated. Despite different data sources containing a large number of overlapping chemical substances, compiling information from multiple data sources was found to increase the breadth of potential flame retardant chemistries. The flame retardant and organohalogen flame retardant inventories were developed as a resource for scientists interested in better understanding properties of flame retardant and organohalogen flame retardant classes. Measurement(s) | chemical use information | Technology Type(s) | manual and automated literature collection |
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24
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Nephrotoxicity of Flame Retardants: An Understudied but Critical Toxic Endpoint. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2022.100359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Yang W, Braun JM, Vuong AM, Percy Z, Xu Y, Xie C, Deka R, Calafat AM, Ospina M, Werner E, Yolton K, Cecil KM, Lanphear BP, Chen A. Maternal urinary OPE metabolite concentrations and blood pressure during pregnancy: The HOME study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 207:112220. [PMID: 34656632 PMCID: PMC8810616 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined the association between maternal exposure to organophosphate esters (OPEs) and systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) during pregnancy. METHODS We analyzed data from 346 women with a singleton live birth in the HOME Study, a prospective birth cohort in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. We quantified four OPE metabolites in maternal spot urine samples collected at 16 and 26 weeks pregnancy, standardized by specific gravity. We calculated intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). We extracted the first two recorded BP measurements (<20 weeks), the two highest recorded BP measurements (≥20 weeks), and diagnoses of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) via chart review. Women with two BP measurements ≥140/90 mmHg or HDP noted in the chart at ≥20 weeks pregnancy were defined as HDP cases. We used linear mixed models and modified Poisson regression with covariate adjustment to estimate associations between OPE concentrations as continuous variables or in tertiles with maternal BP and HDP. RESULTS ICCs of OPEs were 0.17-0.45. Diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) had the highest geometric mean concentration among OPE metabolites. Increasing the average bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP) concentrations were positively associated with two highest recorded DBP ≥20 weeks pregnancy. Compared with women in the 1st DPHP tertile, women in the 3rd tertile at 16 weeks pregnancy had 1.72 mmHg (95% CI: -0.01, 3.46) higher DBP <20 weeks pregnancy, and women in the 3rd tertile of the average DPHP concentrations had 2.25 mmHg (95% CI: 0.25, 4.25) higher DBP ≥20 weeks pregnancy. 33 women (9.5%) were identified with HDP. Di-n-butyl phosphate (DNBP) concentrations at 16 weeks were positively associated with HDP, with borderline significance (RR = 2.98, 95% CI 0.97-9.15). Other OPE metabolites were not significantly associated with HDP. CONCLUSION Maternal urinary BCEP and DPHP concentrations were associated with increased BP during pregnancy. Maternal urinary DNBP concentrations were associated with HDP, with borderline significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Yang
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ann M Vuong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Zana Percy
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Changchun Xie
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ranjan Deka
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maria Ospina
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Erika Werner
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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26
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Sabuz Vidal O, Deepika D, Schuhmacher M, Kumar V. EDC-induced mechanisms of immunotoxicity: a systematic review. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 51:634-652. [PMID: 35015608 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2021.2009438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) refer to a group of chemicals that cause adverse effects in human health, impairing hormone production and regulation, resulting in alteration of homeostasis, reproductive, and developmental, and immune system impairments. The immunotoxicity of EDCs involves many mechanisms altering gene expression that depend on the activation of nuclear receptors such as the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), the estrogen receptor (ER), and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), which also results in skin and intestinal disorders, microbiota alterations and inflammatory diseases. This systematic review aims to review different mechanisms of immunotoxicity and immunomodulation of T cells, focusing on T regulatory (Treg) and Th17 subsets, B cells, and dendritic cells (DCs) caused by specific EDCs such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), bisphenols (BPs) and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). To achieve this objective, a systematic study was conducted searching various databases including PubMed and Scopus to find in-vitro, in-vivo, and biomonitoring studies that examine EDC-dependent mechanisms of immunotoxicity. While doing the systematic review, we found species- and cell-specific outcomes and a translational gap between in-vitro and in-vivo experiments. Finally, an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework is proposed, which explains mechanistically toxicity endpoints emerging from different EDCs having similar key events and can help to improve our understanding of EDCs mechanisms of immunotoxicity. In conclusion, this review provides insights into the mechanisms of immunotoxicity mediated by EDCs and will help to improve human health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Sabuz Vidal
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Deepika Deepika
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,IISPV, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Reus, Spain
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27
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Ji X, Li N, Ma M, Li X, Zhu K, Rao K, Wang Z, Wang J, Fang Y. Comparison of the mechanisms of estrogen disrupting effects between triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 229:113069. [PMID: 34890987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As the typical aryl-organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) were reported to be estrogen disruptors. However, estrogen receptor α (ERα) binding experiments could not explain their biological effects. In this study, their action on ERα, G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) and the synthesis of 17β-estradiol (E2) were investigated using in vitro assays and molecular docking. The results showed that TPhP acted as an ERα agonist and recruited steroid receptor co-activator 1 (SRC1) and 3 (SRC3), which was found for the first time. Unlike TPhP, TDCIPP acted as an ERα antagonist. However, both TPhP and TDCIPP activated the estrogen pathway by GPER in SKBR3 cells which were lack of ERα. Although molecular docking results revealed that both TPhP and TDCIPP could dock into ERα and GPER, their substituent groups and combination mode might affect the receptor activation. In addition, by using estrogen biosynthesis assay in H295R cells, both of TPhP and TDCIPP were found to promote E2 synthesis and E2/T ratio involving their different alteration on levels of progesterone, testosterone and estrone, and expression of various key genes. Our data proposed estrogen-disrupting mechanism frameworks of TPhP and TDCIPP. Moreover, our results will contribute to future construction of adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework of endocrine disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Ji
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Mei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xinyan Li
- Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kongrui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaifeng Rao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Yanjun Fang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China
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28
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Maddela NR, Ramakrishnan B, Kakarla D, Venkateswarlu K, Megharaj M. Major contaminants of emerging concern in soils: a perspective on potential health risks. RSC Adv 2022; 12:12396-12415. [PMID: 35480371 PMCID: PMC9036571 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09072k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil pollution by the contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) or emerging contaminants deserves attention worldwide because of their toxic health effects and the need for developing regulatory guidelines. Though the global soil burden by certain CECs is in several metric tons, the source-tracking of these contaminants in soil environments is difficult due to heterogeneity of the medium and complexities associated with the interactive mechanisms. Most CECs have higher affinities towards solid matrices for adsorption. The CECs alter not only soil functionalities but also those of plants and animals. Their toxicities are at nmol to μmol levels in cell cultures and test animals. These contaminants have a higher propensity in accumulating mostly in root-based food crops, threatening human health. Poor understanding on the fate of certain CECs in anaerobic environments and their transfer pathways in the food web limits the development of effective bioremediation strategies and restoration of the contaminated soils and endorsement of global regulatory efforts. Despite their proven toxicities to the biotic components, there are no environmental laws or guidelines for certain CECs. Moreover, the information available on the impact of soil pollution with CECs on human health is fragmentary. Therefore, we provide here a comprehensive account on five significantly important CECs, viz., (i) PFAS, (ii) micro/nanoplastics, (iii) additives (biphenyls, phthalates), (iv) novel flame retardants, and (v) nanoparticles. The emphasis is on (a) degree of soil burden of CECs and the consequences, (b) endocrine disruption and immunotoxicity, (c) genotoxicity and carcinogenicity, and (d) soil health guidelines. Contaminants of emerging concern: sources, soil burden, human exposure, and toxicities.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Raju Maddela
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo 130105, Ecuador
- Instituto de Investigación, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo 130105, Ecuador
| | | | - Dhatri Kakarla
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Formerly Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu, 515003, India
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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29
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Yao C, Yang H, Li Y. A review on organophosphate flame retardants in the environment: Occurrence, accumulation, metabolism and toxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148837. [PMID: 34246143 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), as a substitute for brominated flame retardants (BFRs), are widely used in industrial production and life. The presence of OPFRs in the environment has an adverse effect on the ecological environment system. This review provides comprehensive data for the occurrence of OPFRs and their diester metabolites (OP diesters) in wastewater treatment plants, surface water, drinking water, sediment, soil, air and dust in the environment. In particular, the accumulation and metabolism of OPFRs in organisms and the types of metabolites and metabolic pathways are discussed for animals and plants. In addition, the toxicity of OP triesters and OP diesters in organisms is discussed. Although research on OPFRs has gradually increased in recent years, there are still many gaps to be filled, especially for metabolic and toxicity mechanisms that need in-depth study. This review also highlights the shortcomings of current research and provides suggestions for a basis for future research on OPFRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Hanpei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
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30
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Bajard L, Negi CK, Mustieles V, Melymuk L, Jomini S, Barthelemy-Berneron J, Fernandez MF, Blaha L. Endocrine disrupting potential of replacement flame retardants - Review of current knowledge for nuclear receptors associated with reproductive outcomes. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 153:106550. [PMID: 33848905 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) constitute a major public health concern because they can induce a large spectrum of adverse effects by interfering with the hormonal system. Rapid identification of potential EDCs using in vitro screenings is therefore critical, particularly for chemicals of emerging concerns such as replacement flame retardants (FRs). The review aimed at identifying (1) data gaps and research needs regarding endocrine disrupting (ED) properties of replacement FRs and (2) potential EDCs among these emerging chemicals. METHODS A systematic search was performed from open literature and ToxCast/Tox21 programs, and results from in vitro tests on the activities of 52 replacement FRs towards five hormone nuclear receptors (NRs) associated with reproductive outcomes (estrogen, androgen, glucocorticoid, progesterone, and aryl hydrocarbon receptors) were compiled and organized into tables. Findings were complemented with information from structure-based in silico model predictions and in vivo information when relevant. RESULTS For the majority of the 52 replacement FRs, experimental in vitro data on activities towards these five NRs were either incomplete (15 FRs) or not found (24 FRs). Within the replacement FRs for which effect data were found, some appeared as candidate EDCs, such as triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) and tris(1,3-dichloropropyl)phosphate (TDCIPP). The search also revealed shared ED profiles. For example, anti-androgenic activity was reported for 19 FRs and predicted for another 21 FRs. DISCUSSION This comprehensive review points to critical gaps in knowledge on ED potential for many replacement FRs, including chemicals to which the general population is likely exposed. Although this review does not cover all possible characteristics of ED, it allowed the identification of potential EDCs associated with reproductive outcomes, calling for deeper evaluation and possibly future regulation of these chemicals. By identifying shared ED profiles, this work also raises concerns for mixture effects since the population is co-exposed to several FRs and other chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola Bajard
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 5, CZ62500 Brno, Czechia
| | - Chander K Negi
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 5, CZ62500 Brno, Czechia
| | - Vicente Mustieles
- University of Granada, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Granada, Spain; Ciber de Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Lisa Melymuk
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 5, CZ62500 Brno, Czechia
| | - Stéphane Jomini
- ANSES, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail, Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques, Unité Evaluation des Substances Chimiques, 14 rue Pierre Marie Curie. 94701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - Johanna Barthelemy-Berneron
- ANSES, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail, Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques, Unité Evaluation des Substances Chimiques, 14 rue Pierre Marie Curie. 94701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - Mariana F Fernandez
- University of Granada, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Granada, Spain; Ciber de Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Ludek Blaha
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 5, CZ62500 Brno, Czechia.
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31
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Draskau MK, Rosenmai AK, Scholze M, Pedersen M, Boberg J, Christiansen S, Svingen T. Human-relevant concentrations of the antifungal drug clotrimazole disrupt maternal and fetal steroid hormone profiles in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 422:115554. [PMID: 33910022 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Clotrimazole is a non-prescription and broad-spectrum antifungal drug sold under brand names such as Canesten® and Lotrimin®. It is used to treat different types of fungal infections, from oral thrush to athlete's foot and vaginal mycosis. The level of exposure to clotrimazole is uncertain, as the exact usage amongst self-medicating patients is unclear. Recent studies have raised potential concern about the unsupervised use of clotrimazole during pregnancy, especially since it is a potent inhibitor of CYP enzymes of the steroidogenesis pathway. To address some of these concerns, we have assessed the effects of intrauterine exposure to clotrimazole on developing rat fetuses. By exposing pregnant rats to clotrimazole 25 or 75 mg/kg bw/day during gestation days 7-21, we obtained internal fetal concentrations close to those observed in humans. These in vivo data are in strong agreement with our physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBK)-modelled levels. At these doses, we observed no obvious morphological changes to the reproductive system, nor shorter male anogenital distance; a well-established morphometric marker for anti-androgenic effects in male offspring. However, steroid hormone profiles were significantly affected in both maternal and fetal plasma, in particular pronounced suppression of estrogens was seen. In fetal testes, marked up-concentration of hydroxyprogesterone was observed, which indicates a specific action on steroidogenesis. Since systemic clotrimazole is rapidly metabolized in humans, relevant exposure levels may not in itself cause adverse changes to the reproductive systems. Its capacity to significantly alter steroid hormone concentrations, however, suggests that clotrimazole should be used with caution during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Kam Draskau
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Anna Kjerstine Rosenmai
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Martin Scholze
- Division of Environmental Studies, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Mikael Pedersen
- Research Group for Analytical Food Chemistry, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Julie Boberg
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Sofie Christiansen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Terje Svingen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark.
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32
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Young AS, Zoeller T, Hauser R, James-Todd T, Coull BA, Behnisch PA, Brouwer A, Zhu H, Kannan K, Allen JG. Assessing Indoor Dust Interference with Human Nuclear Hormone Receptors in Cell-Based Luciferase Reporter Assays. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:47010. [PMID: 33851871 PMCID: PMC8045486 DOI: 10.1289/ehp8054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), organophosphate esters (OPEs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are hormone-disrupting chemicals that migrate from building materials into air and dust. OBJECTIVES We aimed to quantify the hormonal activities of 46 dust samples and identify chemicals driving the observed activities. METHODS We evaluated associations between hormonal activities of extracted dust in five cell-based luciferase reporter assays and dust concentrations of 42 measured PFAS, OPEs, and PBDEs, transformed as either raw or potency-weighted concentrations based on Tox21 high-throughput screening data. RESULTS All dust samples were hormonally active, showing antagonistic activity toward peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ2) (100%; 46 of 46 samples), thyroid hormone receptor (TRβ) (89%; 41 samples), and androgen receptor (AR) (87%; 40 samples); agonist activity on estrogen receptor (ERα) (96%; 44 samples); and binding competition with thyroxine (T4) on serum transporter transthyretin (TTR) (98%; 45 samples). Effects were observed with as little as 4μg of extracted dust. In regression models for each chemical class, interquartile range increases in potency-weighted or unknown-potency chemical concentrations were associated with higher hormonal activities of dust extracts (potency-weighted: ΣPFAS-TRβ, ↑28%, p<0.05; ΣOPEs-TRβ, ↑27%, p=0.08; ΣPBDEs-TRβ, ↑20%, p<0.05; ΣPBDEs-ERα, ↑7.7%, p=0.08; unknown-potency: ΣOPEs-TTR, ↑34%, p<0.05; ΣOPEs-AR, ↑13%, p=0.06), adjusted for chemicals with active, inactive, and unknown Tox21 designations. DISCUSSION All indoor dust samples exhibited hormonal activities, which were associated with PFAS, PBDE, and OPE levels. Reporter gene cell-based assays are relatively inexpensive, health-relevant evaluations of toxic loads of chemical mixtures that building occupants are exposed to. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8054.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S. Young
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas Zoeller
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tamarra James-Todd
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brent A. Coull
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Hongkai Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joseph G. Allen
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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