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Yan X, Zou R, Lin Q, Ma Y, Li A, Sun X, Lu G, Li H. Glutathione‑iron hybrid nanozyme-based colorimetric sensor for specific and stable detection of thiram pesticide on fruit juices. Food Chem 2024; 452:139569. [PMID: 38744131 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Given the potential dangers of thiram to food safety, constructing a facile sensor is significantly critical. Herein, we presented a colorimetric sensor based on glutathione‑iron hybrid (GSH-Fe) nanozyme for specific and stable detection of thiram. The GSH-Fe nanozyme exhibits good peroxidase-mimicking activity with comparable Michaelis constant (Km = 0.551 mM) to the natural enzyme. Thiram pesticides can specifically limit the catalytic activity of GSH-Fe nanozyme via surface passivation, causing the change of colorimetric signal. It is worth mentioning that the platform was used to prepare a portable hydrogel kit for rapid qualitative monitoring of thiram. Coupling with an image-processing algorithm, the colorimetric image of the hydrogel reactor is converted into the data information for accurate quantification of thiram with a detection limit of 0.3 μg mL-1. The sensing system has good selectivity and high stability, with recovery rates in fruit juice samples ranging from 92.4% to 106.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Ruiqi Zou
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Qiqi Lin
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Yuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Aixin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Xun Sun
- Institute of Guizhou Aerospace Measuring and Testing Technology, Guiyang 550009, PR China
| | - Geyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Hongxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China; Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China.
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2
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Shao X, Zhao Q, Xia J, Xie M, Li Q, Tang Y, Gu X, Ning X, Geng S, Fu J, Tian S. Ag-modified CuO cavity arrays as a SERS-electrochemical dual signal platform for thiram detection. Talanta 2024; 274:125989. [PMID: 38537357 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Rapid and sensitive determination of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables is critical for human health and ecosystems. This paper used an Ag-modified CuO sphere-cavity array (CuO@Ag) electrode as a thiram SERS/electrochemical dual readout detection platform. Numerous Raman "hotspots" generated by uniformly distributed silver nanoparticles, charge transfer at the CuO@Ag interface, and the formation of Ag-thiram complexes contribute to the significant enhancement of this SERS substrate, which results in excellent SERS performance with an enhancement factor up to 1.42 × 106. When using SERS as the readout technique, the linear range of the substrate for thiram detection was 0.05-20 nM with a detection limit (LOD) of up to 0.0067 nM. Meanwhile, a correlation between the value of change in current density and thiram concentration was established due to the formation of stable complexes of thiram with Cu2+ generated at specific potentials. The linear range of electrochemical detection was 0.05-20.0 μM, and the detection limit was 0.0167 μM. The newly devised dual-readout sensor offers notable sensitivity and stability. The two signal readout methods complement each other in terms of linear range and detection limit, making it a convenient tool for assessing thiram residue levels in agro-food. At the same time, the combination of commercially available portable equipment makes on-site monitoring possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Shao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Jiayi Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Mengxiang Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qingzhi Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yuqi Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xuefang Gu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Xiaofeng Ning
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Shanshan Geng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jin Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Shu Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, PR China.
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3
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Quan C, Zhou S, Zhang Y, Kulyar MFEA, Gong S, Nawaz S, Ahmed AE, Mo Q, Li J. The autophagy-mediated mechanism via TSC1/mTOR signaling pathway in thiram-induced tibial dyschondroplasia of broilers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172305. [PMID: 38593872 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Thiram is a member of the dithiocarbamate family and is widely used in agriculture, especially in low-income countries. Its residues lead to various diseases, among which tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in broiler chickens is the most common. Recent studies have also demonstrated that thiram residues may harm human health. Our previous study showed that the activity of the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway has changed after thiram exposure. In the current study, we investigated the effect of autophagy via the mTOR signaling pathway after thiram exposure in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that thiram inhibited the protein expression of mTOR signaling pathway-related genes such as p-4EBP1 and p-S6K1. The analysis showed a significant increase in the expression of key autophagy-related proteins, including LC3, ULK1, ATG5, and Beclin1. Further investigation proved that the effects of thiram were mediated through the downregulation of mTOR. The mTOR agonist MHY-1485 reverse the upregulation of autophagy caused by thiram in vitro. Moreover, our experiment using knockdown of TSC1 resulted in chondrocytes expressing lower levels of autophagy. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that thiram promotes autophagy via the mTOR signaling pathway in chondrogenesis, providing a potential pharmacological target for the prevention of TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuxian Quan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Shimeng Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | | | - Saisai Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Shah Nawaz
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Quan Mo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China.
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China.
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4
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Wu X, Liu Y, Li Y, Tang Z, Li A, Zhang H. Molecular mechanism of thiram-induced abnormal chondrocyte proliferation via lncRNA MSTRG.74.1-BNIP3 axis. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 201:105847. [PMID: 38685209 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Thiram, a widely used organic pesticide in agriculture, exhibits both bactericidal and insecticidal effects. However, prolonged exposure to thiram has been linked to bone deformities and cartilage damage, contributing to the development of tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in broilers and posing a significant threat to global agricultural production. TD, a prevalent nutritional metabolic disease, manifests as clinical symptoms like unstable standing, claudication, and sluggish movement in affected broilers. In recent years, there has been growing recognition of the regulatory role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in tibial cartilage formation among broilers through diverse signaling pathways. This study employs in vitro experimental models, growth performance analysis, and clinical observation to assess broilers' susceptibility to thiram pollution. Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed a significant elevation in the expression of lncRNA MSTRG.74.1 in both the con group and the thiram-induced in vitro group. The results showed that lncRNA MSTRG.74.1 plays a pivotal role in influencing the proliferation and abnormal differentiation of chondrocytes. This regulation occurs through the negative modulation of apoptotic genes, including Bax, Cytc, Bcl2, Apaf1, and Caspase3, along with genes Atg5, Beclin1, LC3b, and protein p62. Moreover, the overexpression of lncRNA MSTRG.74.1 was found to regulate broiler chondrocyte development by upregulating BNIP3. In summary, this research sheds light on thiram-induced abnormal chondrocyte proliferation in TD broilers, emphasizing the significant regulatory role of the lncRNA MSTRG.74.1-BNIP3 axis, which will contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying TD development in broilers exposed to thiram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yingwei Liu
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Aoyun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Zhang J, Jia Y, Tong X, Zhou H, Zhang L, Yang Y, Ji X. Portable ratiometric fluorescence detection of Cu 2+and thiram. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2024; 12:035002. [PMID: 38587171 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ad3891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Food contaminants pose a danger to human health, but rapid, sensitive and reliable food safety detection methods can offer a solution to this problem. In this study, an optical fiber ratiometric fluorescence sensing system based on carbon dots (CDs) and o-phenylenediamine (OPD) was constructed. The ratiometric fluorescence response of Cu2+and thiram was carried out by the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between CDs and 2,3-diaminophenazine (ox-OPD, oxidized state o-phenylenediamine). The oxidation of OPD by Cu2+resulted in the formation of ox-OPD, which quenched the fluorescence of CDs and exhibited a new emission peak at 573 nm. The formation of a [dithiocarbamate-Cu2+] (DTC-Cu2+) complex by reacting thiram with Cu2+, inhibits the OPD oxidation reaction triggered by Cu2+, thus turning off the fluorescence signal of OPD-Cu2+. The as-established detection system presented excellent sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of Cu2+and thiram in the ranges of 1 ∼ 100μM and 5 ∼ 50μM, respectively. The lowest detection limits were 0.392μM for Cu2+and 0.522μM for thiram. Furthermore, actual sample analysis indicated that the sensor had the potential for Cu2+and thiram assays in real sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhen Zhang
- School of Physical and Electronic Information, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yicong Jia
- School of Energy and Environment Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Tong
- School of Physical and Electronic Information, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Hangyu Zhou
- School of Energy and Environment Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Zhang
- School of Energy and Environment Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Yang
- School of Energy and Environment Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunmsing 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Ji
- School of Physical and Electronic Information, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
- School of Energy and Environment Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunmsing 650500, People's Republic of China
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6
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Wu X, Nawaz S, Li Y, Zhang H. Environmental health hazards of untreated livestock wastewater: potential risks and future perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:24745-24767. [PMID: 38499926 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32853-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Due to technological and economic limitations, waste products such as sewage and manure generated in livestock farming lack comprehensive scientific and centralized treatment. This leads to the exposure of various contaminants in livestock wastewater, posing potential risks to both the ecological environment and human health. This review evaluates the environmental and physical health risks posed by common pollutants in livestock wastewater and outlines future treatment methods to mitigate these risks. Residual wastes in livestock wastewater, including pathogenic bacteria and parasites surviving after epidemics or diseases on various farms, along with antibiotics, organic wastes, and heavy metals from farming activities, contribute to environmental damage and pose risks to human health. As the livestock industry's development increasingly impacts society's future negatively, addressing the issue of residual wastes in livestock wastewater discharge becomes imperative. Ongoing advancements in wastewater treatment systems are consistently updating and refining practices to effectively minimize waste exposure at the discharge source, mitigating risks to environmental ecology and human health. This review not only summarizes the "potential risks of livestock wastewater" but also explores "the prospects for the development of wastewater treatment technologies" based on current reports. It offers valuable insights to support the long-term and healthy development of the livestock industry and contribute to the sustainable development of the ecological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shah Nawaz
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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7
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Wang SY, Wang YX, Yue SS, Shi XC, Lu FY, Wu SQ, Herrera-Balandrano DD, Laborda P. G-site residue S67 is involved in the fungicide-degrading activity of a tau class glutathione S-transferase from Carica papaya. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107123. [PMID: 38417796 PMCID: PMC10958117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Thiram is a toxic fungicide extensively used for the management of pathogens in fruits. Although it is known that thiram degrades in plant tissues, the key enzymes involved in this process remain unexplored. In this study, we report that a tau class glutathione S-transferase (GST) from Carica papaya can degrade thiram. This enzyme was easily obtained by heterologous expression in Escherichia coli, showed low promiscuity toward other thiuram disulfides, and catalyzed thiram degradation under physiological reaction conditions. Site-directed mutagenesis indicated that G-site residue S67 shows a key influence for the enzymatic activity toward thiram, while mutation of residue S13, which reduced the GSH oxidase activity, did not significantly affect the thiram-degrading activity. The formation of dimethyl dithiocarbamate, which was subsequently converted into carbon disulfide, and dimethyl dithiocarbamoylsulfenic acid as the thiram degradation products suggested that thiram undergoes an alkaline hydrolysis that involves the rupture of the disulfide bond. Application of the GST selective inhibitor 4-chloro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole reduced papaya peel thiram-degrading activity by 95%, indicating that this is the main degradation route of thiram in papaya. GST from Carica papaya also catalyzed the degradation of the fungicides chlorothalonil and thiabendazole, with residue S67 showing again a key influence for the enzymatic activity. These results fill an important knowledge gap in understanding the catalytic promiscuity of plant GSTs and reveal new insights into the fate and degradation products of thiram in fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yan-Xia Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Sheng-Shuo Yue
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xin-Chi Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Feng-Yi Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Si-Qi Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | | | - Pedro Laborda
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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Korolev VA, Felker EV, Yachmeneva LA, Babkina LA, Azarova YA, Churilin MI, Milova AI. Dynamics of the content of reactive oxygen species and the state of the glutathione system in the oral cavity during subchronic intoxication wuth the fungicide thiram and its antioxidant correction. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2024; 70:73-82. [PMID: 38711406 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20247002073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Thiram is a dithiocarbamate derivative, which is used as a fungicide for seed dressing and spraying during the vegetation period of plants, and also as an active vulcanization accelerator in the production of rubber-based rubber products. In this study the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the state of the glutathione system have been investigated in the oral fluid and gum tissues of adult male Wistar rats treated with thiram for 28 days during its administration with food at a dose of 1/50 LD50. Thiram induced formation of ROS in the oral cavity; this was accompanied by an imbalance in the ratio of reduced and oxidized forms of glutathione due to a decrease in glutathione and an increase in its oxidized form as compared to the control. Thiram administration caused an increase in the activity of glutathione-dependent enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase, and glutathione reductase). However, the time-course of enzyme activation in the gum tissues and oral fluid varied in dependence on the time of exposure to thiram. In the oral fluid of thiram-treated rats changes in the antioxidant glutathione system appeared earlier. The standard diet did not allow the glutathione pool to be fully restored to physiological levels after cessation of thiram intake. The use of exogenous antioxidants resviratrol and an Echinacea purpurea extract led to the restoration of redox homeostasis in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Korolev
- Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
| | - E V Felker
- Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
| | | | - L A Babkina
- Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
| | - Y A Azarova
- Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
| | | | - A I Milova
- Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
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Wrobel MH, Mlynarczuk J, Rekawiecki R. Effects of commonly used carbamates (carbaryl and thiram) on the regulatory, secretory and motor functions of bovine cervixes in vitro. Theriogenology 2024; 218:183-192. [PMID: 38330862 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Previously studied classes of pesticides, including organochlorines, organophosphates and pyrethroids disturb the mechanism that causes bovine myometrial contractions. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of carbaryl and thiram, which are representative carbamate pesticides commonly used in global agriculture, on the motor and secretory functions of bovine cervixes. Additionally, the impacts of these pesticides on intra- and intercellular signaling in vitro were estimated. In this study, cervical cells or strips were obtained from cows at days 18-20 of the estrous cycle and were treated with carbaryl or thiram. Neither carbamate (10 or 100 ng/ml) exerted cytotoxic effects. Carbaryl increased the level of mRNA (at a dose of 0.1 ng/ml) and protein (at both doses, 1 and 10 ng/ml) expression for the oxytocin receptor (OXTR), while thiram (at 0.1 and 10 ng/ml or 0.1-10 ng/ml, respectively) caused the opposite effects. Moreover, the level of the second messenger inositol-trisphosphate (IP3) was decreased by carbaryl (10 ng/ml) but increased by thiram (10 ng/ml). Only thiram decreased prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2; 0.1 ng/ml) and aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B1 (AKR1B1; 0.1 ng/ml), and prostaglandin E synthase 2 (PTGES2; 0.1-10 ng/ml) mRNA expression, while thiram (0.1-10 ng/ml) and carbaryl (0.1 and 10 ng/ml) both decreased the release of PGF2α. Carbaryl (10 ng/ml) and thiram (10 ng/ml) also decreased the level of a gap junction protein (GAP). Moreover, carbaryl (10 ng/ml) decreased the level of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK). However, the strength of cervical contractions was increased by thiram (1 and 10 ng/ml) but decreased by carbaryl (1 and 10 ng/ml). Carbaryl increased the receptivity of cervical cells to oxytocin (OXT), but inhibited further transduction (IP3) of this signal. Hence, direct inhibition of cervical strip contraction may occur. In contrast, thiram mostly decreased the receptivity of cervical cells to OXT, while it stimulated the contraction of cervical strips. Moreover, compared to carbaryl, thiram more greatly affected the synthesis and release of prostaglandins. These results suggest that carbaryl and thiram disturb OXT signaling, PG secretion and cervical contraction in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Hubert Wrobel
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima Street 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Jaroslaw Mlynarczuk
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima Street 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Robert Rekawiecki
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima Street 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
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10
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Xu H, Jiang Y, Lu Y, Hu Z, Du R, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Zhao X, Tian Y, Yang C, Zhang Z, Qiu M, Wang Y. Thiram exposure induces tibial dyschondroplasia in broilers via the regulation effect of circ_003084/miR-130c-5p/BMPR1A crosstalk on chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133071. [PMID: 38008051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Thiram, an agricultural insecticide, has been demonstrated to induce tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in avian species. Circular RNA (circRNAs), a novel class of functional biological macromolecules characterized by their distinct circular structure, play crucial roles in various biological processes and diseases. Nevertheless, the precise regulatory mechanism underlying non-coding RNA involvement in thiram-induced broiler tibial chondrodysplasia remains elusive. In this study, we established a broiler model of thiram exposure for 10 days to assess TD and obtain a ceRNA network by RNA sequencing. By analyzing the differentially expressed circRNAs network, we id entify that circ_003084 was significantly upregulated in TD cartilage. Elevated circ_003084 inhibited TD chondrocytes proliferation and differentiation in vitro but promote apoptosis. Mechanistically, circ_003084 competitively binds to miR-130c-5p and prevents miR-130c-5p to decrease the level of BMPR1A, which upregulates the expression of apoptosis genes Caspase 3, Caspase 9, Bax and Bcl2, and finally facilitates cell apoptosis. Taken together, these findings imply that circ_003084/miR-130c-5p/BMPR1A interaction regulated TD chicken chondrocyte proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. This is the first work to reveal the mechanism of regulation of circRNA-related ceRNA on thiram-induced TD, offering a key reference for environmental toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuru Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuxiang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ranran Du
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yiping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yaofu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chaowu Yang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Zengrong Zhang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Mohan Qiu
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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11
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Wu S, Liu K, Huang X, Sun Q, Wu X, Mehmood K, Li Y, Zhang H. Molecular mechanism of miR-203a targeting Runx2 to regulate thiram induced-chondrocyte development. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 200:105817. [PMID: 38582587 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Thiram is a kind of organic compound, which is commonly used for sterilization, insecticidal and deodorization in daily life. Its toxicology has been broadly studied. Recently, more and more microRNAs have been shown to participate in the regulation of cartilage development. However, the potential mechanism by which microRNA regulates chondrocyte growth is still unclear. Our experiments have demonstrated that thiram can hamper chondrocytes development and cause a significant increase in miR-203a content in vitro and in vivo trials. miR-203a mimic significantly decrease in mRNA and protein expression of Wnt4, Runx2, COL2A1, β-catenin and ALP, and significantly enhance the mRNA and protein levels of GSK-3β. It has been observed that overexpression of miR-203a hindered chondrocytes development. In addition, Runx2 was confirmed to be a direct target of miR-203a by dual luciferase report gene assay. Transfection of si-Runx2 into chondrocytes reveals that significant downregulation of genes is associated with cartilage development. Overall, these results suggest that overexpression of miR-203a inhibits the expression of Runx2. These findings are conducive to elucidate the mechanism of chondrocytes dysplasia induced by thiram and provide new research ideas for the toxicology of thiram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouyan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kai Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaojuan Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qiuyu Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaomei Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan 63100
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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12
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Wang H, Chen Y, Yang Y, Xu P, Zhang B, Lu Y, He W, Liu Y, Zhang JH, Xiao X, You R. Preparation of cellulose-based flexible SERS and its application for rapid and ultra-sensitive detection of thiram on fruits and vegetables. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129941. [PMID: 38342254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
In response to the prevalent issue of thiram as a common pesticide residue on the surface of fruits and vegetables, our research team employed an acidic hydrated metal salt low co-fusion solvent to dissolve cellulose lysis slurry. Subsequently, a regenerated cellulose membrane (RCM) was successfully prepared via sol-gel method. Uniformly sized Ag nanoparticles (NPs) were deposited on RCM utilizing the continuous ion layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) technique. The resulting Ag NPs/RCM flexible surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates exhibited a minimum detection limit of 5 × 10-9 M for Rhodamine 6G (R6G), demonstrating good uniformity (RSD = 4.86 %) and reproducibility (RSD = 3.07 %). Moreover, the substrate displayed a remarkable sensitivity of 10-10 M toward thiram standard solution. Given its inherent flexibility, the substrate proves advantageous for the detection of three-dimensional environments such as fruit and vegetable surfaces, and its practicality has been confirmed in the detection of thiram residue on apples, tomatoes, pears, and other fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China; School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, Fujian 365004, China
| | - Yujia Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Yixuan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Peipei Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Bohan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Yudong Lu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Wenjin He
- College of Life Science, Southern Institute of Oceanography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Yunzhen Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Jian-Han Zhang
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, Fujian 365004, China.
| | - Xiufeng Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Ruiyun You
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China.
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13
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Lan Y, Hu Y, Guo Y, Ali F, Amjad N, Ouyang Q, Almutairi MH, Wang D. Microbiome analysis reveals the differences in gut fungal community between Dutch Warmblood and Mongolian horses. Microb Pathog 2024; 188:106566. [PMID: 38309310 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Similar to gut bacterial community, gut fungal community are also an important part of the gut microbiota and play crucial roles in host immune regulation and metabolism. However, most studies have focused on the gut bacterial community, and research on the gut fungal community has been limited. Dutch Warmblood (DWH) and Mongolian horses (MGH) are important equine breeds, but little research has been done on their gut fungal community. Here, we assessed differences in gut fungal community between two horse species. Results showed that a total of 2159 OTUs were found in the Dutch Warmblood and Mongolian horses, of which 308 were common. Between-group analyzes of microbial diversity showed no differences in the alpha and beta diversity of gut fungal community between the two horse species. Microbiological taxonomic surveys showed that the dominant fungal phyla (Neocallimastigomycota and Ascomycota) and genera (unclassified_Neocallimastigaceae and Anaeromyces) were the same without being affected by species. Although the types of dominant fungal phyla did not change, the abundances of some fungal genera changed significantly. Results of Metastats analysis showed that there were a total of 206 fungal genera that were significantly different between the two horses, among which 78 genera showed an increase and 127 genera significantly decreased in Dutch Warmblood horses compared with Mongolian horses. In conclusion, this study investigated the composition and structure of the gut fungal community of Dutch Warmblood and Mongolian horses and found significant differences in gut fungal community between both breeds. Notably, this is the first exploration of the differences in the gut fungal community of both breeds, which may help to understand the distribution characteristics of the gut fungal community of different breeds of horses and reveal the differences in the traits of different horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Lan
- Wuhan Business University, Wuhan, 430100, China
| | - Yunyun Hu
- Wuhan Business University, Wuhan, 430100, China
| | | | - Farah Ali
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Nouman Amjad
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | | | - Mikhlid H Almutairi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dongjing Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tibet Autonomous Regional Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lhasa City, Tibet, 850009, China; State Key Laboratory of Highland Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa City, Tibet, 850009, China.
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14
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Chen B, Liu X, Wu S, Hou J, Shang P, Chamba Y, Mehmood K, Fouad D, Li Y, Zhang H. Inhalation of ammonia promotes apoptosis and induces autophagy in hepatocytes via Bax/BCl-2 and m-TOR/ATG5/LC-3bII axes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169036. [PMID: 38061639 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) is an irritating gas and atmospheric pollutant that endangers the health of humans and animals by stimulating respiratory tract's mucosa and causing liver damage. However, physiological role of ammonia gas in hepatotoxicity remains unclear. To investigate the hepatotoxic effects of inhaled ammonia gas, experiments were conducted using mouse model exposed to 100 ppm of ammonia gas for 21 days. The exposed mice exhibited signs of depression, emaciation, and reduced growth. This study revealed that inhalation of ammonia led to significant decrease in water (P < 0.0001) and food intake (P < 0.05), resulting in slower growth. Histopathological analysis showed that ammonia stress alters the microstructure of the liver by enlarging the gap between hepatic lobule and fibrosis. Moreover, ammonia-induced stress significantly reduces the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein BCl-2 (P < 0.001), while elevates the mRNA expression of the pro-apoptotic gene Bax (P < 0.001). Furthermore, ammonia inhalation significantly increases the protein expression of LC-3bII (P < 0.05) and the mRNA expression of autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5) (P < 0.05) and p62 (P < 0.05) while remarkably decreases the mRNA expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (m-TOR) (P < 0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that inhalation of ammonia gas causes liver damage and suggests autophagy happening via m-TOR/p62/LC-3bII and pro-apoptosis effect mediated by Bax/BCl-2 in the liver damage caused by ammonia inhalation. Our study provides a new perspective on ammonia-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shouyan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Junhong Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Animal Science College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, China
| | - Yangzom Chamba
- Animal Science College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, China
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Dalia Fouad
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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15
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Xiao L, Hua MZ, Lu X. Determination of thiram in fruit juices using a bacterial cellulose nanocrystal-based SERS substrate. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128207. [PMID: 37979753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide residues in agri-foods have risk to human health and one solution is to develop simple and accurate methods for rapid detection. We developed a SERS sensor composed of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and bacterial cellulose nanocrystal (BCNC) to detect thiram in fruit juice. BCNC-SO3H was used as a stabilizer to support AuNPs via electrostatic repulsion, fabricating a BCNC-AuNPs SERS substrate with uniformly distributed AuNPs. This BCNC-AuNPs SERS substrate was applied to determine thiram residues in peach juice, apple juice, and grape juice with the limits of detection of 0.036 ppm, 0.044 ppm, and 0.044 ppm, respectively. The whole test took 12 min including sample preparation and analysis. The detection limits meet the maximum residue levels of thiram in fruit juices required by China, Europe and North America, indicating that this BCNC-based substrate could serve as a satisfactory SERS sensor for pesticide residue monitoring in the food supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Marti Z Hua
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Xiaonan Lu
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
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16
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Chen Y, Mehmood K, Chang YF, Tang Z, Li Y, Zhang H. The molecular mechanisms of glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis regulating chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification. Life Sci 2023; 335:122243. [PMID: 37949211 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Disorders of chondrocyte differentiation and endochondral osteogenesis are major underlying factors in skeletal developmental disorders, including tibial dysplasia (TD), osteoarthritis (OA), chondrodysplasia (ACH), and multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED). Understanding the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of these disorders is crucial for addressing orthopedic diseases resulting from impaired glycosaminoglycan synthesis. Glycosaminoglycan is a broad term that refers to the glycan component of proteoglycan macromolecules. It is an essential component of the cartilage extracellular matrix and plays a vital role in various biological processes, including gene transcription, signal transduction, and chondrocyte differentiation. Recent studies have demonstrated that glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis plays a regulatory role in chondrocyte differentiation and endochondral osteogenesis by modulating various growth factors and signaling molecules. For instance, glycosaminoglycan is involved in mediating pathways such as Wnt, TGF-β, FGF, Ihh-PTHrP, and O-GlcNAc glycosylation, interacting with transcription factors SOX9, BMPs, TGF-β, and Runx2 to regulate chondrocyte differentiation and endochondral osteogenesis. To propose innovative approaches for addressing orthopedic diseases caused by impaired glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, we conducted a comprehensive review of the molecular mechanisms underlying chondrocyte glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, which regulates chondrocyte differentiation and endochondral osteogenesis. Our analysis considers the role of genes, glycoproteins, and associated signaling pathways during chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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17
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Nawaz S, Kulyar MFEA, Mo Q, Yao W, Iqbal M, Li J. Homeostatic Regulation of Pro-Angiogenic and Anti-Angiogenic Proteins via Hedgehog, Notch Grid, and Ephrin Signaling in Tibial Dyschondroplasia. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3750. [PMID: 38136788 PMCID: PMC10740744 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise coupling of two fundamental mechanisms, chondrogenesis and osteogenesis via angiogenesis, plays a crucial role during rapid proliferation of growth plates, and alteration in their balance might lead to pathogenic conditions. Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is characterized by an avascular, non-mineralized, jade-white "cartilaginous wedge" with impaired endochondral ossification and chondrocyte proliferation at the proximal end of a tibial bone in rapidly growing poultry birds. Developing vascular structures are dynamic with cartilage growth and are regulated through homeostatic balance among pro and anti-angiogenic proteins and cytokines. Pro-angiogenic factors involves a wide spectrum of multifactorial mitogens, such as vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), placental growth factors, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and TNF-α. Considering their regulatory role via the sonic hedgehog, notch-gridlock, and ephrin-B2/EphB4 pathways and inhibition through anti-angiogenic proteins like angiostatin, endostatin, decoy receptors, vasoinhibin, thrombospondin, PEX, and troponin, their possible role in persisting inflammatory conditions like TD was studied in the current literature review. Balanced apoptosis and angiogenesis are vital for physiological bone growth. Any homeostatic imbalance among apoptotic, angiogenetic, pro-angiogenic, or anti-angiogenic proteins ultimately leads to pathological bone conditions like TD and osteoarthritis. The current review might substantiate solid grounds for developing innovative therapeutics for diseases governed by the disproportion of angiogenesis and anti-angiogenesis proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Nawaz
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.N.); (M.F.-e.-A.K.); (W.Y.); (M.I.)
| | - Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.N.); (M.F.-e.-A.K.); (W.Y.); (M.I.)
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Quan Mo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.N.); (M.F.-e.-A.K.); (W.Y.); (M.I.)
| | - Wangyuan Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.N.); (M.F.-e.-A.K.); (W.Y.); (M.I.)
| | - Mudassar Iqbal
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.N.); (M.F.-e.-A.K.); (W.Y.); (M.I.)
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.N.); (M.F.-e.-A.K.); (W.Y.); (M.I.)
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Iqbal M, Waqas M, Mo Q, Shahzad M, Zeng Z, Qamar H, Mehmood K, Kulyar MFEA, Nawaz S, Li J. Baicalin inhibits apoptosis and enhances chondrocyte proliferation in thiram-induced tibial dyschondroplasia in chickens by regulating Bcl-2/Caspase-9 and Sox-9/Collagen-II expressions. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 268:115689. [PMID: 37992645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Avian tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a skeletal disease affecting fast growing chickens, resulting in non-mineralized avascular cartilage. This metabolic disorder is characterized by lameness and reduced growth performance causing economic losses. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of baicalin against TD caused by thiram exposure. A total of two hundred and forty (n = 240) one day-old broiler chickens were uniformly and randomly allocated into three different groups (n = 80) viz. control, TD, and baicalin groups. All chickens received standard feed, however, to induce TD, the TD and baicalin groups received thiram (tetramethylthiuram disulfide) at a rate of 50 mg/kg feed from days 4-7. The thiram induction in TD and baicalin groups resulted in lameness, high mortality, and enlarged growth-plate, poor production performance, reduction in ALP, GSH-Px, SOD, and T-AOC levels, and increased AST and ALT, and MDA levels. Furthermore, histopathological results showed less vascularization, and mRNA and protein expression levels of Sox-9, Col-II, and Bcl-2 showed significant downward trend, while caspase-9 displayed significant up-regulation in TD-affected chickens. After the TD induction, the baicalin group was orally administered with baicalin at a rate of 200 mg/kg from days 8-18. Baicalin administration increased the vascularization, and chondrocytes with intact nuclei, alleviated lameness, decreased GP size, increased productive capacity, and restored the liver antioxidant enzymes and serum biochemical levels. Furthermore, baicalin significantly up-regulated the gene and protein expressions of Sox-9, Col-II, and Bcl-2, and significantly down-regulated the expression of caspase-9 (p < 0.05). Therefore, the obtained results suggest that baicalin could be a possible choice in thiram toxicity alleviation by regulating apoptosis and chondrocyte proliferation in thiram-induced tibial dyschondroplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassar Iqbal
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Poonch 12350, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Quan Mo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Zhibo Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hammad Qamar
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | | | - Shah Nawaz
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Sun Q, Wu S, Liu K, Li Y, Mehmood K, Nazar M, Hu L, Pan J, Tang Z, Liao J, Zhang H. miR-181b-1-3p affects the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes in TD broilers through the WIF1/Wnt/β-catenin pathway. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 197:105649. [PMID: 38072524 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Thiram is a plant fungicide, its excessive use has exceeded the required environmental standards. It causes tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in broilers which is a common metabolic disease that affects the growth plate of tibia bone. It has been studied that many microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the differentiation of chondrocytes however, their specific roles and mechanisms have not been fully investigated. The selected features of tibial chondrocytes of broilers were studied in this experiment which included the expression of miR-181b-1-3p and the genes related to WIF1/Wnt/β-catenin pathway in chondrocytes through qRT-PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence. The correlation between miR-181b-1-3p and WIF1 was determined by dual luciferase reporter gene assay whereas, the role of miR-181b-1-3p and WIF1/Wnt/β-catenin in chondrocyte differentiation was determined by mimics and inhibitor transfection experiments. Results revealed that thiram exposure resulted in decreased expression of miR-181b-1-3p and increased expression of WIF1 in chondrocytes. A negative correlation was also observed between miR-181b-1-3p and WIF1. After overexpression of miR-181b-1-3p, the expression of ACAN, β-catenin and Col2a1 increased but the expression of GSK-3β decreased. It was observed that inhibition of WIF1 increased the expression of ALP, β-catenin, Col2a1 and ACAN but decreased the expression of GSK-3β. It is concluded that miR-181b-1-3p can reverse the inhibitory effect of thiram on cartilage proliferation and differentiation by inhibiting WIF1 expression and activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. This study provides a new molecular target for the early diagnosis and possible treatment of TD in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shouyan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kai Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Mudassar Nazar
- University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Sub-Campus Burewala, 61010, Pakistan
| | - Lianmei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiaqiang Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianzhao Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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20
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Wang M, Zheng H, Wang S, Luo H, Li Z, Song X, Xu H, Li P, Sun S, Wang Y, Yuan Z. Comparative analysis of changes in diarrhea and gut microbiota in Beigang pigs. Microb Pathog 2023; 185:106441. [PMID: 37944676 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicated that the gut microbiota is a large and complex organic combination, which is closely related to the host health. Diarrhea is a disease with devastating effects on livestock that has been demonstrated to be associated with gut microbiota. Currently, studies on gut microbiota and diarrhea have involved multiple species, but changes in gut microbiota of Beigang pigs during diarrhea have not been characterized. Here, we described gut microbial changes of Beigang pigs during diarrhea. Results indicated that a total of 4423 OTUs were recognized in diarrheic and healthy Beigang pigs, and Firmicutes and Bacteroidota were the most dominant phyla regardless of health status. However, the major components of the gut microbiota changed between diarrheic and healthy Beigang pigs. Bacterial taxonomic analysis revealed that the relative abundances of 3 phyla (Synergistota, Actinobacteriota and Spirochaetota) and 30 genera increased significantly during diarrhea, whereas the relative abundances of 3 phyla (Patescibacteria, Bacteroidota and Fibrobacterota) and 41 genera decreased significantly. In conclusion, this study found significant changes in the gut microbiota of Beigang pigs during diarrhea. Meanwhile, this also lays the foundation for the prevention and treatment of diarrhea in Beigang pigs and the further discovery of more anti-diarrhea probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- College of Animal Science, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, 325006, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuaiwei Wang
- College of Animal Science, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, 325006, China
| | - Houqiang Luo
- College of Animal Science, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, 325006, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- College of Animal Science, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, 325006, China
| | - Xianzhang Song
- College of Animal Science, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, 325006, China
| | - Hongxi Xu
- College of Animal Science, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, 325006, China
| | - Peide Li
- College of Animal Science, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, 325006, China
| | - Siyu Sun
- College of Animal Science, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, 325006, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Tibet Livestock Research Institute, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Science, Lhasa, 850009, China.
| | - Zhenjie Yuan
- Tibet Livestock Research Institute, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Science, Lhasa, 850009, China.
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21
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Wang X, Mi J, Yang K, Wang L. Environmental Cadmium Exposure Perturbs Gut Microbial Dysbiosis in Ducks. Vet Sci 2023; 10:649. [PMID: 37999472 PMCID: PMC10674682 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10110649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ore extraction, chemical production, and agricultural fertilizers may release significant amounts of heavy metals, which may eventually accumulate widely in the environment and organisms over time, causing global ecological and health problems. As a recognized environmental contaminant, cadmium has been demonstrated to cause osteoporosis and renal injury, but research regarding the effects of cadmium on gut microbiota in ducks remains scarce. Herein, we aimed to characterize the adverse effects of cadmium on gut microbiota in ducks. Results indicated that cadmium exposure dramatically decreased gut microbial alpha diversity and caused significant changes in the main component of gut microbiota. Moreover, we also observed significant changes in the gut microbial composition in ducks exposed to cadmium. A microbial taxonomic investigation showed that Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Proteobacteria were the most preponderant phyla in ducks regardless of treatment, but the compositions and abundances of dominant genera were different. Meanwhile, a Metastats analysis indicated that cadmium exposure also caused a distinct increase in the levels of 1 phylum and 22 genera, as well as a significant reduction in the levels of 1 phylum and 36 genera. In summary, this investigation demonstrated that cadmium exposure could disturb gut microbial homeostasis by decreasing microbial diversity and altering microbial composition. Additionally, under the background of the rising environmental pollution caused by heavy metals, this investigation provides a crucial message for the assessment of environmental risks associated with cadmium exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lian Wang
- Department of Medical Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (X.W.); (J.M.); (K.Y.)
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22
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Wang SY, Pang YB, Tao Y, Shi XC, Zhang YJ, Wang YX, Jiang YH, Ji XY, Wang BL, Herrera-Balandrano DD, Laborda P. Dipicolinic acid enhances kiwifruit resistance to Botrytis cinerea by promoting phenolics accumulation. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:3177-3189. [PMID: 37024430 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kiwifruit is highly susceptible to fungal pathogens, such as Botrytis cinerea, which reduce crop production and quality. In this study, dipicolinic acid (DPA), which is one of the main components of Bacillus spores, was evaluated as a new elicitor to enhance kiwifruit resistance to B. cinerea. RESULTS DPA enhances antioxidant capacity and induces the accumulation of phenolics in B. cinerea-infected 'Xuxiang' kiwifruit. The contents of the main antifungal phenolics in kiwifruit, including caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and isoferulic acid, increased after DPA treatment. DPA enhanced H2 O2 levels after 0 and 1 days, which promoted catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, reducing long-term H2 O2 levels. DPA promoted the up-regulation of several kiwifruit defense genes, including CERK1, MPK3, PR1-1, PR1-2, PR5-1 and PR5-2. Furthermore, DPA at 5 mM inhibited B. cinerea symptoms in kiwifruit (95.1% lesion length inhibition) more effectively than the commercial fungicides carbendazim, difenoconazole, prochloraz and thiram. CONCLUSIONS The antioxidant properties of DPA and the main antifungal phenolics of kiwifruit were examined for the first time. This study uncovers new insights regarding the potential mechanisms used by Bacillus species to induce disease resistance. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yi-Bo Pang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuan Tao
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xin-Chi Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yun-Jiao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yan-Xia Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yong-Hui Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xin-Yu Ji
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Bing-Lin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | | | - Pedro Laborda
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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23
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Zou W, Lu S, Wang J, Xu Y, Shahid MA, Saleem MU, Mehmood K, Li K. Environmental Microplastic Exposure Changes Gut Microbiota in Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2503. [PMID: 37570310 PMCID: PMC10417107 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
As novel environmental contaminants, MPs exist widely in the environment and accumulate in organisms, which has become a global ecological problem. MP perturbations of organismal physiology and behavior have been extensively recorded in aquatic animals, but the potential effects of MPs on poultry are not well characterized. Here, we explored the adverse effects of MP exposure on the growth performance and gut microbiota of chickens. Results showed that the growth performance of chickens decreased significantly during MP exposure. Additionally, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Proteobacteria were found to be dominant in the gut microbiota of MP-exposed chickens, regardless of health status. Although the types of dominant bacteria did not change, the abundances of some bacteria and the structure of the gut microbiota changed significantly. Compared with the controls, the alpha diversity of gut microbiota in chickens exposed to MPs showed a significant decrease. The results of comparative analyses of bacteria between groups showed that the levels of 1 phyla (Proteobacteria) and 18 genera dramatically decreased, whereas the levels of 1 phyla (Cyanobacteria) and 12 genera dramatically increased, during MP exposure. In summary, this study provides evidence that exposure to MPs has a significant impact on the growth performance and gut microbial composition and structure of chickens, leading to a gut microbial imbalance. This may raise widespread public concern about the health threat caused by MP contamination, which is relevant to the maintenance of environmental quality and protection of poultry health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (W.Z.); (S.L.); (J.W.); (Y.X.)
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Sijia Lu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (W.Z.); (S.L.); (J.W.); (Y.X.)
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (W.Z.); (S.L.); (J.W.); (Y.X.)
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yixiao Xu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (W.Z.); (S.L.); (J.W.); (Y.X.)
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Muhammad Akbar Shahid
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Usman Saleem
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Kun Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (W.Z.); (S.L.); (J.W.); (Y.X.)
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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24
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Mashkoor J, Al-Saeed FA, Guangbin Z, Alsayeqh AF, Gul ST, Hussain R, Ahmad L, Mustafa R, Farooq U, Khan A. Oxidative stress and toxicity produced by arsenic and chromium in broiler chicks and application of vitamin E and bentonite as ameliorating agents. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1128522. [PMID: 36968473 PMCID: PMC10032408 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1128522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the adverse effects of arsenic and chromium in broilers and ascertained the role of vitamin E and bentonite in alleviating their harmful effects. For this purpose, we experimented on 180 one-day-old broiler chickens. The feed was administered to broiler chicks of groups 2, 6, 7, 8, and 9 chromium @ (270 mg.kg−1 BW). Groups 3, 6, 7, 8, and 9 were administered arsenic @ (50 mg.kg−1 BW). Groups 4, 7, and 9 received vitamin E (150 mg.kg−1 BW), and groups 5, 8, and 9 received bentonite (5%), respectively. Group 1 was kept in control. All the broiler chicks treated with chromium and arsenic showed a significant (p < 0.05) decline in erythrocytic parameters on experimental days 21 and 42. Total proteins decreased significantly, while ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine increased significantly (p < 0.05). TAC and CAT decreased significantly (p < 0.05), while TOC and MDA concentrations increased significantly (p < 0.05) in chromium and arsenic-treated groups on experimental days 21 and 42. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between TAC and CAT (Pearson correlation value = 0.961; p < 0.001), similarly TOC and MDA positive correlation (Pearson correlation value = 0.920; p < 0.001). However, TAC and CAT showed a negative correlation between TOC and MDA. The intensity of gross and microscopic lesions was more in chromium (270 mg.kg−1) and arsenic (50 mg.kg−1) singly or in combination-treated groups. Thus, broiler chicks treated with chromium plus arsenic exhibited higher gross and microscopic lesion intensity than other treated groups. Fatty degeneration, severe cytoplasmic vacuolar degeneration, and expansion of sinusoidal spaces were the main lesions observed in the liver. Kidneys showed renal epithelial cells necrosis, glomerular shrinkage, and severe cytoplasmic vacuolar degeneration. Co-administration of bentonite along with chromium and arsenic resulted in partial amelioration (group 8) compared to groups 7 and 9, administered arsenic + chromium + vitamin E and arsenic + chromium + vitamin E + bentonite, respectively. It was concluded that arsenic and chromium cause damage not only to haemato-biochemical parameters but also lead to oxidation stress in broilers. Vitamin E and bentonite administration can ameliorate toxicity and oxidative stress produced by arsenic and chromium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javaria Mashkoor
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fatimah A. Al-Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhang Guangbin
- Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, China
| | - Abdullah F. Alsayeqh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafia Tehseen Gul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Latif Ahmad
- Department of Pre-clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Mustafa
- University of Agriculture, Faisalabad Sub Campus, Toba Tek Singh, Pakistan
| | - Umar Farooq
- University of Agriculture, Faisalabad Sub Campus, Toba Tek Singh, Pakistan
| | - Ahrar Khan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, China
- *Correspondence: Ahrar Khan
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25
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Zhu H, Kulyar MFEA, Ding Y, Yao W, Mo Q, Li J. Ginsenoside Rg1 regulates thiram-induced chondrocytes' apoptosis and angiogenesis in broiler chickens. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:34188-34202. [PMID: 36508105 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24598-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a developmental cartilaginous disease due to thiram toxicity. The abnormity of chondrocytes and insufficient angiogenesis within the growth plate are the major factors leading to the occurrence of TD in most cases. In the current study, we evaluated the beneficial effects of ginsenoside (Rg1) against thiram-induced TD for knowing the possible underlying mechanisms in broiler chickens through in vivo and in vitro assessment. Arbor acres broilers (1-day-old, n = 120) were randomly divided for the in vivo evaluation. The control broilers were fed under normal conditions during the whole experiment cycle (18 days). The TD broilers were fed with 50 mg/kg thiram, while the treatment group was given 40 mg/kg of Rg1. According to our findings, thiram caused a decrease in production performance and tibia parameters (p < 0.05), which were significantly reversed by Rg1 administration. In addition, the results from the histological evaluation showed that the proliferative zone had a smaller number of blood vessels, surrounded by inviable chondrocytes, proving apoptosis during the occurrence of TD, while Rg1 treatment significantly increased blood vessels and decreased apoptotic cells. Furthermore, it was found that Rg1 effectively ameliorated the angiogenesis by regulation of HIF-1α/VEGFA/VEGFR2 signaling pathway and the chondrocytes' apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. Hence, these findings suggest that Rg1 might be a perfect choice in the prevention and treatment of TD via regulating chondrocytes apoptosis and angiogenesis. Also, it might be a potential therapeutic drug for humans to overcome different bone disorders, involving chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaisen Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Fakhar-E-Alam Kulyar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yanmei Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangyuan Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Mo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Rapid determination of thiram on apple using a flexible bacterial cellulose-based SERS substrate. Talanta 2023; 254:124128. [PMID: 36462280 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A flexible nanocomposite composed of bacterial cellulose (BC) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was developed as a SERS substrate to determine thiram on apple surface by two collection methods namely "paste-and-peel" and "wiping". Enhancement factor of this SERS substrate for sensing thiram residues was determined to be 2.8 × 105. Compared to the benchtop Raman spectrometer, portable Raman spectroscopic device showed a lower sensitivity towards thiram residues with limit of detection at 0.98 ppm, satisfying maximum residue level of thiram on apple required by both Europe and America. A good linear correlation of SERS peak intensity at 1368 cm-1 and different concentrations of thiram (1-50 ppm) revealed a coefficient up to 0.99. This flexible BC-based SERS substrate has a great analytical performance in sensitivity, reproducibility and stability, and is suitable for rapid detection (<8 min) and quantitative analysis of pesticides on food surface.
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27
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Mo Q, Kulyar MFEA, Quan C, Ding Y, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Pan H, Li J. Thiram-induced hyperglycemia causes tibial dyschondroplasia by triggering aberrant ECM remodeling via the gut-pancreas axis in broiler chickens. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 444:130368. [PMID: 36423455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide thiram is widely used in agriculture and has been demonstrated to cause tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in birds. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This work used multi-omics analysis to evaluate the molecular pathways of TD in broilers that were exposed to low level of thiram. Integrative analysis of transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic revealed thiram activity in enhancing pathological ECM remodeling via attenuating the glycolysis pathway and activating the hexosamine and glucuronic acid pathways. Intriguingly, we found hyperglycemia as a crucial factor for ECM overproduction, which resulted in the development of TD. We further demonstrated that high glucose levels are caused by islet secretion dysfunction in thiram-treated broilers. A combination of factors, including lipid disorder, low-grade inflammation, and gut flora disturbance, might contribute to the dysregulation of insulin secretion. The current work revealed the underlying toxicological mechanisms of thiram-induced tibial dyschondroplasia through blood glucose disorder via the gut-pancreas axis in chickens for the first time, which makes it easier to figure out the health risks of pesticides for worldwide policy decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Mo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Fakhar-E-Alam Kulyar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chuxian Quan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanmei Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Huachun Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Transcriptome Analysis of Thiram-Treated Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Embryos Reveals Disruption of Reproduction Signaling Pathways. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020156. [PMID: 36829436 PMCID: PMC9953208 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Thiram, a dithiocarbamate fungicide, is used for the treatment of various fungal infections affecting crops and ornamentals. However, thiram-associated toxicity has been reported in animals, including fish, and the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Herein, we employed zebrafish (ZF) to gain further insights into thiram toxicity-associated molecular mechanisms. We studied developmental abnormalities and performed whole-transcriptome analysis of ZF embryos exposed to thiram for 96 h. Embryos exposed to 4.0 μg/L thiram exhibited several phenotypic abnormalities, including bradycardia, spinal curvature, hatching arrest, and growth retardation. Whole-transcriptome analysis revealed 1754 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 512 upregulated and 1242 downregulated DEGs. The majority of biological processes affected by thiram were metabolic. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis yielded terms related to reproduction, such as steroid biosynthesis and steroid hormone biosynthesis. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction validation results were in line with sequencing data for ten DEGs. The study results improve our current understanding of the effects of thiram exposure in ZF.
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29
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Wang M, Wang L, Shabbir S, Zhou D, Shahid MA, Luo H, Li H, Li Z, Sun X, Wu C, Zhao Y. Effects of thiram exposure on liver metabolism of chickens. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1139815. [PMID: 36925611 PMCID: PMC10011634 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1139815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are widely used to control crop diseases, which have made an important contribution to the increase of global crop production. However, a considerable part of pesticides may remain in plants, posing a huge threat to animal safety. Thiram is a common pesticide and has been proven that its residues in the feed can affect the growth performance, bone formation, and intestinal health of chickens. However, there are few studies on the liver metabolism of chickens exposed to thiram. Here, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of thiram exposure on liver metabolism of chickens. Metabolomics analysis shows that 62 metabolites were down-regulated (ginsenoside F5, arbekacin, coproporphyrinogen III, 3-keto Fusidic acid, marmesin, isofumonisin B1, 3-Hydroxyquinine, melleolide B, naphazoline, marmesin, dibenzyl ether, etc.) and 35 metabolites were up-regulated (tetrabromodiphenyl ethers, deoxycholic acid glycine conjugate, L-Palmitoylcarnitine, austalide K, hericene B, pentadecanoylcarnitine, glyceryl palmitostearate, quinestrol, 7-Ketocholesterol, tetrabromodiphenyl ethers, etc.) in thiram-induced chickens, mainly involved in the metabolic pathways including glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis and steroid hormone biosynthesis. Taken together, this research showed that thiram exposure significantly altered hepatic metabolism in chickens. Moreover, this study also provided a basis for regulating the use and disposal of thiram to ensure environmental quality and poultry health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- College of Animal Science, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Dongliang Zhou
- College of Animal Science, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Akbar Shahid
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Houqiang Luo
- College of Animal Science, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huixia Li
- College of Animal Science, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- College of Animal Science, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xingya Sun
- College of Animal Science, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chunqin Wu
- College of Animal Science, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, China
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Wei X, Liu C, Li Z, Sun Q, Zhang X, Li Y, Zhang W, Shi J, Zhai X, Zhang D, Zou X. Fabrication of a label-free electrochemical cell-based biosensor for toxicity assessment of thiram. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135960. [PMID: 35961445 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Thiram has been widely used in agriculture and may invades the food chain, posing a threat to human health. In this research, a label-free electrochemical cell-based biosensor was presented for in vitro toxicity assessment of thiram. HepG2 cells were cultured on poly-l-lysine@gold nano-flowers functionalized indium tin oxide coated glass electrode (PLL@AuNFs/ITO) to serve as biorecognition elements. AuNFs were electrodeposited on ITO to provide an enlarged specific surface area and benefited the output signal amplification. PLL was selected as an effective biocompatible coating material to facilitate cell adhesion and proliferation, thereby realizing one-step recording of electrochemical signals from thiram-treated cells. With the aid of the differential pulse voltammetry method, the fabricated biosensor was applied to assess the cytotoxicity of thiram. Results showed that the cytotoxicity measured by the fabricated biosensor exhibited a linear relationship related to thiram concentration ranging from 5 to 50 μM with a detection limit of 2.23 μM. The IC50 of thiram obtained by the biosensor was 29.5 μM, which was close to that of conventional MTT assay (30.8 μM). The effects of thiram on HepG2 cells were also investigated via SEM and flow cytometry. Meanwhile, the proposed biosensor was used to evaluate the toxicity of thiram in fruit samples. Results indicated that the toxicity of thiram cannot be ignored even at a low residual concentration in food (≤5 mg/kg). In conclusion, the developed sensor showed excellent sensitivity, stability, and reliability, which provided a great capacity for the convenient toxicity evaluation of thiram residue in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoou Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China
| | - Zhihua Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China
| | - Quancai Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China
| | - Xinai Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China
| | - Yanxiao Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China
| | - Jiyong Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Zhai
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China.
| | - Xiaobo Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China.
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Vasamsetti BMK, Chon K, Kim J, Oh JA, Yoon CY, Park HH. Developmental Toxic Effects of Thiram on Developing Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10070369. [PMID: 35878274 PMCID: PMC9317679 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10070369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thiram, an oxidized dimer of dithiocarbamate, has fungicidal and ectoparasiticidal roles. This study aimed to determine the effects of thiram on the development of zebrafish (ZF) embryos. The developmental toxicity test was performed in accordance with the OECD 236 test guidelines, and ZF embryos were subjected to several thiram concentrations and a DMSO (0.01%) control. Subsequently, embryo mortalities and developmental anomalies were evaluated at different hours post fertilization (hpf). Thiram was highly toxic to ZF, with calculated median lethal concentrations (LC50) of thiram at 48 and 96 h as 13.10 ± 2.17 and 8.87 ± 2.09 μg/L, respectively. Thiram-treated embryos/larvae exhibited a variety of deformities, such as abnormal somites, reduced eye pigment, abnormal tail shape, yolk sac edema, hatching defects, and curved spines, with a median effective concentration (EC50) of 3.88 ± 1.23, 5.04 ± 1.82, 6.23 ± 0.92, 5.24 ± 2.22, 1.39 ± 0.25, and 2.60 ± 0.82 μg/L, respectively. Teratogenic index (TI) values ranged from 1.42 to 6.66 for the scored deformities. At 48 hpf, the average heartbeat of the control group was 177.20 ± 5.63 per minute, while the highest thiram-treated group (40 μg/L) was 99.50 ± 18.12 per minute. In addition, cardiac-related issues, such as pericardial edema and abnormal blood flow, were observed in thiram-treated ZF embryos. Overall, these findings suggest that thiram is teratogenic to ZF.
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