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Benham G, Charak R, Cano-Gonzalez I, Mena Teran J, Kenemore J. Recent Stressful Life Events and Perceived Stress as Serial Mediators of the Association between Adverse Childhood Events and Insomnia. Behav Med 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38634227 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2024.2335175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Insomnia is common in college students and linked to poorer mental and physical health. There is growing evidence that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may contribute to insomnia in adulthood. However, beyond the need for additional replication of these findings, there is a need to identify underlying mechanisms that plausibly connect the two experiences. Based on a serial mediation model, the current study examined the role of two theoretically informed mediators: recent stressful life events and perceived stress. A cross-sectional survey of 2,218 college students at a large university in the southwestern United States was conducted between August 2020 and December 2021. The sample was predominantly Hispanic (96%) and female (73%), with a mean age of 20.7 years. Standardized measures of adverse childhood experiences, recent stressful life events, perceived stress, and insomnia were administered to participants online. Almost 20% of participants reported having experienced four or more adverse childhood experiences and 63% met the threshold for insomnia. Reporting four or more ACEs was associated with significantly greater insomnia severity, and this relationship was serially mediated by both recent stressful life events and perceived stress. However, recent stressful life events appeared to be the most powerful mediator. The results of the current study indicate that recent exposure to stressful life events serves as a plausible mechanism linking early adversity during childhood to adult insomnia and could therefore serve as a potential target for intervention. The findings suggest that students would benefit from university-wide efforts to reduce the number and/or intensity of common stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Benham
- Department of Psychological Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
| | - Ruby Charak
- Department of Psychological Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
| | - Ines Cano-Gonzalez
- Department of Psychological Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
| | - Joceline Mena Teran
- Department of Psychological Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
| | - Jordan Kenemore
- Department of Psychological Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
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Li M, Yuan Y, Cheng X, Wang Y, Xu Z. Childhood maltreatment and insomnia in college students: The role of alexithymia and psychological distress. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 243:104149. [PMID: 38245937 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Insomnia, which is highly prevalent among college students, has been identified as one of the negative consequences of childhood maltreatment. While prior studies have uncovered distinct correlations between childhood maltreatment, insomnia, and other variables, the potential underlying mechanisms need to be further explored. This study focused on the chain-mediating role of alexithymia and psychological distress in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and insomnia. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among Chinese college students, yielding 999 valid questionnaires that included demographic information, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). A chain-mediating model was then tested. The results revealed significant positive correlations between each pair of the four variables. Alexithymia and psychological distress separately mediated the link between childhood maltreatment and insomnia (effect of alexithymia was 0.06 with 95 % CI [0.03, 0.09]; effect of psychological distress was 0.24 with 95 % CI [0.19, 0.29]). Additionally, a chain-mediating effect of alexithymia and psychological distress was observed (chain-mediating effect was 0.12 with 95 % CI [0.09, 0.15]). The findings suggest that emotional interventions may mitigate the long-term effect of childhood maltreatment on sleep problems among college students, by improving the ability to recognize emotions and decreasing emotional problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; Tianjin Social Science Laboratory of Students' Mental Development and Learning, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yidan Yuan
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xinyue Cheng
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yurou Wang
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Zhansheng Xu
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; Tianjin Social Science Laboratory of Students' Mental Development and Learning, Tianjin 300387, China.
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Kaubrys M, Mischel E, Frazier P. Examining mediators of the association between child maltreatment and sleep disturbance in college students. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 149:106698. [PMID: 38401368 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment has been associated with poorer mental and physical health across the lifespan, including disrupted sleep. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess four potential mediators of the association between child maltreatment and sleep in a sample of college students: daily rumination, perceptions of control over stressors, sleep hygiene, and distress. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING University students (N = 234) completed self-report measures online. METHODS Childhood maltreatment was assessed at baseline and rumination, perceived control, sleep hygiene, and distress were assessed daily for 14 days and aggregated across days. Structural equation models were used to test hypotheses. The hypothesized model was compared to an alternate path reversal model. RESULTS Maltreatment was significantly associated with greater sleep disturbance (β = 0.17, p < .05). Of the mediators, only sleep hygiene partially mediated the association between maltreatment and sleep (β = 0.07, p < .01). The alternate path reversal model demonstrated that sleep disturbances mediated the relation between child maltreatment and sleep hygiene (β = 0.11, p < .001) and perceived control (β = 0.07, p < .05), and sleep disturbances partially mediated the relation between maltreatment and distress (β = 0.10, p < .01) and rumination (β = 0.09, p < .01). CONCLUSIONS Sleep hygiene may be implicated in the long-term health effects of child maltreatment. Further, sleep hygiene interventions may be useful for improving sleep among college students who have experienced maltreatment, and targeting students' sleep may have benefits for students' cognition and mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKenzie Kaubrys
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, United States
| | - Emily Mischel
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, United States
| | - Patricia Frazier
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, United States.
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Rong F, Wang M, Peng C, Cheng J, Wang Y, Yu Y. Specific and cumulative effects of childhood maltreatment on nonsuicidal self-injury in Chinese adolescents: The moderating effect of sleep disturbance. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 149:106627. [PMID: 38227985 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have examined the relationship between childhood maltreatment (CM) and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). However, few studies have explored both the specific and cumulative effects of CM on NSSI. Additionally, the impact of sleep disturbance on the association between CM and NSSI remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To comprehensively explore the effects of CM on NSSI, and to determine whether these effects are moderated by sleep disturbance. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A retrospective study was conducted in April 2021 among a representative sample of 21,340 students aged 11-20 years in China. METHODS All participants completed questionnaires assessing CM, sleep disturbance, and NSSI. Adjusted multivariate logistic regression models were utilized to evaluate the associations between CM and NSSI, as well as the impact of sleep disturbance. RESULTS The findings revealed that 13.0 % of adolescents reported occasional NSSI, while 25.2 % reported repetitive NSSI. Except for sexual abuse, all subtypes of CM were significantly associated with increased odds of both occasional and repetitive NSSI. A significant dose-response relationship was observed between cumulative CM and repetitive NSSI. Stratification analyses by sleep disturbance indicated that adolescents reporting sleep disturbance had a higher risk of developing repetitive NSSI, irrespective of the type of CM experienced. Furthermore, a dose-response relationship was identified between cumulative CM and repetitive NSSI among adolescents reporting sleep disturbance. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that CM increases the risk of NSSI among Chinese adolescents, and sleep disturbance plays a moderating role. Interventions targeting sleep disturbance may hold significance in reducing NSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fajuan Rong
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengni Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Peng
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junhan Cheng
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yizhen Yu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China..
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Kalantar‐Hormozi B, Mohammadkhani S. Reported history of childhood trauma, mentalizing deficits, and hypersomnia in adulthood: A mediational analysis in a nonclinical sample. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3363. [PMID: 38376014 PMCID: PMC10761325 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Existing research has confirmed the link between childhood trauma and poor sleep quality in adulthood. This study focused on the relationship between childhood trauma and hypersomnia specifically, which is understudied. Additionally, childhood maltreatment has been related to mentalizing deficits. The current study examined the role of mentalizing deficits as mediators between childhood trauma and hypersomnia. METHOD The study sample of this cross-sectional study consisted of 496 individuals, who participated in the online survey, which contained the following measures: Persian version of the Mini Sleep Questionnaire, Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ-8), and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). RESULTS The results from structural equation modeling indicated that emotional abuse positively predicts hypersomnia. Mediation analysis confirmed that hypo-mentalizing partially mediates the association between emotional abuse and hypersomnia. CONCLUSION The present study provides primary evidence that experiencing emotional abuse during childhood is associated with hypersomnia in adulthood. This association underlines the importance of prevention. The result from mediation analysis suggests addressing mentalizing impairments in patients with hypersomnia and a history of emotional abuse may be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bessat Kalantar‐Hormozi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Kharazmi UniversityFaculty of Psychology and EducationTehranIran
| | - Shahram Mohammadkhani
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Kharazmi UniversityFaculty of Psychology and EducationTehranIran
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Uy JP, Gotlib IH. Associations among early life adversity, sleep disturbances, and depressive symptoms in adolescent females and males: a longitudinal investigation. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023:10.1111/jcpp.13942. [PMID: 38156675 PMCID: PMC11213826 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to adversity early in life (ELA) has been associated with elevated risk for depression during adolescence, particularly for females; the mechanisms underlying this association, however, are poorly understood. One potential mechanism linking ELA and sex differences in depressive symptoms is sleep disturbances, which increase during adolescence and are more common in females. Here, we examined whether sleep disturbances mediate the association between ELA and increases in depressive symptoms during adolescence and whether this mediation differs by sex. METHODS 224 (N = 132 females) youth were recruited at age 9-13 years and assessed every 2 years across three timepoints. At the first timepoint, we conducted extensive interviews about stressful events participants experienced; participants provided subjective severity ratings of events and we objectively scored the severity of each event. Self-reported sleep disturbances and depressive symptoms were assessed at all timepoints. We conducted linear mixed models to estimate both initial levels and changes in sleep disturbances and depressive symptoms, and moderated mediation analyses to test whether initial levels and/or changes in sleep disturbances mediated the association of ELA (objective and subjective) with increases in depressive symptoms across adolescence and whether the mediations differed by sex. RESULTS While higher initial levels and increases in sleep problems were uniquely associated with increases in depressive symptoms for males and females, they were related to ELA differently by sex. For females, greater ELA (both objectively and subjectively rated) was associated with higher initial levels of sleep problems, which in turn were associated with increases in depressive symptoms from early to late adolescence. In contrast, for males, ELA exposure was not associated with either initial levels of, or increases in, sleep problems. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the role of sleep disturbances during the transition to adolescence in mediating sex differences in the effects of ELA on depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica P. Uy
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, 450 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ian. H. Gotlib
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, 450 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Cao L, Wang S, Li Y, Li Y, Yuan M, Chang J, Wang G, Su P. Longitudinal trajectories of sleep quality in correlation with maltreatment in early childhood: A cohort of Chinese early adolescents. J Affect Disord 2023; 340:462-470. [PMID: 37573894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child maltreatment may lead to sleep disturbance during the critical period of child development. Our study examined the effect of maltreatment in early childhood on trajectories of sleep quality among early adolescents. METHODS The study included 1611 participants (mean ± standard deviation age at baseline: 12.5 ± 0.5 years) from a middle school in southeastern China. Of these participants, 60.5 % were males. Information on early childhood maltreatment during pre-seventh grade was obtained through a self-report questionnaire at baseline, and sleep quality was collected at baseline and during follow-up. We used a group-based trajectory model to characterize trajectories of sleep quality. RESULTS The study identified four trajectories of sleep quality, namely the low sleep score group (25.0 %), the moderate-low sleep score group (51.0 %), the moderate-increasing sleep score (17.0 %), and the high-decreasing sleep score (7.0 %) group. After adjusting for covariates, the findings revealed that emotional abuse and physical abuse were associated with an increased risk of developing new-onset sleep disturbances in early adolescents. Particularly, emotional abuse (incidence rate ratio = 1.71, 95 % confidence interval: 1.08-2.71) significantly increased the risk of belonging to the high-decreasing sleep score group. Moreover, there existed a dose-response relationship between early childhood maltreatment and sleep quality trajectories, with a higher number of maltreatment types in early childhood correlating with a greater risk of belonging to the high-decreasing sleep score group. CONCLUSIONS The findings of our study provide compelling evidence indicating that specific types and cumulative maltreatment during early childhood contribute to sleep disturbances among early adolescents. The study findings highlight the significance of preventing and reducing early childhood maltreatment to enhance sleep quality during early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Cao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shaojie Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yonghan Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Mengyuan Yuan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Junjie Chang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Gengfu Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Puyu Su
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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Simon L, Admon R. From childhood adversity to latent stress vulnerability in adulthood: the mediating roles of sleep disturbances and HPA axis dysfunction. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:1425-1435. [PMID: 37391592 PMCID: PMC10425434 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01638-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Childhood adversity is a prominent predisposing risk factor for latent stress vulnerability, expressed as an elevated likelihood of developing stress-related psychopathology upon subsequent exposure to trauma in adulthood. Sleep disturbances have emerged as one of the most pronounced maladaptive behavioral outcomes of childhood adversity and are also a highly prevalent core feature of stress-related psychopathology, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). After reviewing the extensive literature supporting these claims, the current review addresses the notion that childhood adversity-induced sleep disturbances may play a causal role in elevating individuals' stress vulnerability in adulthood. Corroborating this, sleep disturbances that predate adult trauma exposure have been associated with an increased likelihood of developing stress-related psychopathology post-exposure. Furthermore, novel empirical evidence suggests that sleep disturbances, including irregularity of the sleep-wake cycle, mediate the link between childhood adversity and stress vulnerability in adulthood. We also discuss cognitive and behavioral mechanisms through which such a cascade may evolve, highlighting the putative role of impaired memory consolidation and fear extinction. Next, we present evidence to support the contribution of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis to these associations, stemming from its critical role in stress and sleep regulatory pathways. Childhood adversity may yield bi-directional effects within the HPA stress and sleep axes in which sleep disturbances and HPA axis dysfunction reinforce each other, leading to elevated stress vulnerability. To conclude, we postulate a conceptual path model from childhood adversity to latent stress vulnerability in adulthood and discuss the potential clinical implications of these notions, while highlighting directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Simon
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Roee Admon
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
- The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBRC), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
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Hou S, Twayigira M, Luo X, Song L, Cui X, Xie Q, Shen Y, Yang F, Yuan X. The relationship between emotional neglect and non-suicidal self-injury among middle school students in China: the mediating role of social anxiety symptoms and insomnia. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:248. [PMID: 37055779 PMCID: PMC10100180 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04735-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a vital public concern around the world, and it often starts in adolescence. Emotional neglect (EN) has been considered a distal risk factor for NSSI, but the effects of social anxiety symptoms (SA) and insomnia on this relationship have remained unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential pathways from EN to NSSI, examining the role of SA and insomnia in this association. METHODS One thousand three hundred thirty seven Chinese middle school students (Mage = 13.040, SD = 0.981, 50.2% males) in China were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed the Emotional Neglect sub-scale of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF), the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescent (SAS-A), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) and non-suicidal self-injury assessment. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test the possible mediation model among these variables. RESULTS 231(17.3%) students reported NSSI history during last year and 322 (24.1%) participants reported experiences of EN. Students who experienced EN have higher rates of NSSI compared to students without EN history (29.2% vs 13.5%). EN, SA, insomnia and NSSI were positively related to each other. Furthermore, both SA and insomnia played a mediating role in the relationship between EN and NSSI, the series mediating effect of SA and insomnia on this association was also significant after controlling for demographics. Indirect effects accounted for 58.26% of the total effects (EN → NSSI). CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that EN was associated with NSSI, SA and insomnia play indirect roles in the association between EN and NSSI. The findings of our research may have implications for clinicians, families, and schools in their efforts to lower the risk of NSSI in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Hou
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central South University, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Mireille Twayigira
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xuerong Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lintong Song
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xilong Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Qiuxiang Xie
- Department of General Practice, Central South University, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yanmei Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Feilong Yang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central South University, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xiuhong Yuan
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central South University, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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The Role of Anxiety Sensitivity in the Association Between Childhood Maltreatment and Sleep Disturbance Among Adults in Psychiatric Inpatient Treatment. J Nerv Ment Dis 2023; 211:306-313. [PMID: 36801864 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation examined associations of childhood maltreatment, anxiety sensitivity (AS), and sleep disturbance among a diverse sample of adults in psychiatric inpatient treatment. We hypothesized that childhood maltreatment would be indirectly associated with greater sleep disturbance through elevated AS. Exploratory analyses examined the indirect effect models with three AS subscales (i.e., physical, cognitive, and social concerns) as parallel mediators. A sample of adults in acute-care psychiatric inpatient treatment (N = 88; 62.5% male; Mage = 33.32 years, SD = 11.07; 45.5% White) completed a series of self-report measures. After accounting for theoretically relevant covariates, childhood maltreatment was indirectly associated with sleep disturbance through AS. Parallel mediation analyses revealed that no individual subscale of AS significantly accounted for this association. These findings suggest that heightened levels of AS may explain the association between childhood maltreatment and sleep disturbance among adults in psychiatric inpatient treatment. Interventions targeting AS can be brief and efficacious and have the potential to improve clinical outcomes among psychiatric populations.
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Redican E, McBride O, Bunting L, Murphy J, Shevlin M. Prevalence and predictors of benevolent childhood experiences among a representative sample of young people. Br J Psychol 2023; 114:229-243. [PMID: 36351744 PMCID: PMC10100509 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Emerging research evidence suggests that benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs) may partly explain more favourable mental health outcomes among individuals affected by adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). However, much of this research has focused on adult populations. Consequently, this study sought to provide the first rigorous assessment of the prevalence and predictors of BCEs using a nationally representative sample of young people from Northern Ireland (NI). Participants were 11-19-years-olds (N = 1293) who participated in the NI Youth Wellbeing Prevalence Survey (NI-YWS, 2020). Prevalence rates, gender differences and predictors of BCEs were investigated. Results revealed how most of the sample experienced multiple BCEs (95%, n = 1084), with females reporting higher levels of BCEs. Significant positive predictors of BCEs were female gender, parental education, living with both biological parents, and living in areas with lower deprivation, while significant negative predictors of BCEs included family being in receipt of social welfare and older age. Overall, this study highlights how BCEs are common, while the identification of factors associated with likelihood of having positive experiences during early development provides novel insights into those young people who may be at greater risk for maladaptive psychological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Orla McBride
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | | | - Jamie Murphy
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Mark Shevlin
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
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12
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Chen Q, Chan KL, Chen M, Lo CKM, Ip P. Associating sleep quality, quality of life and child poly-victimization. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 133:105846. [PMID: 35994886 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of sleep deprivation in the relationship between child poly-victimization and pediatric quality of life (PedsQL) has received little attention. OBJECTIVE This study aims to provide a profile of the association between child victimization and poly-victimization and PedsQL among children, examining the role of sleep quality patterns in these relationships. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING We conducted a cross-sectional school survey study of family structure and child victimization among families in Hong Kong in 2016-17 with two-stage stratified sampling. The final sample consisted of 5, 567 students recruited from a representative sample of 107 kindergartens, primary schools, and secondary schools in all districts of Hong Kong. METHODS Multi-phase regression analysis and simple slope analysis were conducted to examine the moderating effects of sleep quality between child victimization and PedsQL. RESULTS The findings showed that children who experienced four or more types of victimization were more likely to show parasomnia and daytime dysfunction symptoms than those experiencing one to three types of victimization and non-victims. It also revealed significant relationships between child poly-victimization and lower levels of PedsQL, which were moderated by parasomnia and daytime dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS This study has implications for clinicians in targeting the pattern of sleep changes combined with holistic screening in outpatient services for early detection of child poly-victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Chen
- Department of Social Work, Xiamen University, China
| | - Ko Ling Chan
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
| | - Mengtong Chen
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Camilla Kin-Ming Lo
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick Ip
- Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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13
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Witte S, López López M, Baldwin H, Biehal N, Kindler H. Child maltreatment investigations: Comparing children, families, and reasons for referral in three European countries. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 132:105805. [PMID: 35964367 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Almost all countries have developed measures to ensure that children do not suffer from violence in their families. However, the legal framework, definitions of maltreatment, and institutional structures differ. Whereas in other areas of social policy comparative research is very common, child protection research falls behind. RESEARCH QUESTIONS The article examines the differences between cases referred to local child and youth welfare authorities due to concerns about abuse or neglect in Germany, England and the Netherlands, comparing the characteristics of the child, the family, the person reporting the suspected maltreatment, and the type of maltreatment. METHOD 1207 case files on children investigated due to suspected child maltreatment from the Netherlands, England, and Germany were analyzed using a standardized coding scheme. RESULTS The family backgrounds of the children reported differed substantially, with more lone parents in England and more children living in two households in the Netherlands. The persons and institutions reporting their concerns to the local child and youth welfare authorities also differed, with more reports from children and family members in Germany and more from health services in England. In England, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and sexual exploitation were more frequently the reason for referral than in the Netherlands and Germany. DISCUSSION Differences between countries can partially be explained based on differences in policies and relations of other systems to the child protection system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Helen Baldwin
- Department of Social Policy and Social Work, University of York, England, United Kingdom
| | - Nina Biehal
- Department of Social Policy and Social Work, University of York, England, United Kingdom
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Edwards D, Collin-Vézina D, Danbrook MC, Wekerle C. Longitudinal trajectories of depressive symptoms among sexually abused adolescents involved in child protection services. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 131:105742. [PMID: 35724487 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) contributes to depression in several populations. However, there is a significant lack of longitudinal research on depressive symptoms among sexually abused adolescents involved in Child Protection Services (CPS). Given the systemic challenges in CPS research, it is also unclear as to whether depressive symptoms vary according to CSA severity. OBJECTIVE The research aimed to determine whether depressive symptoms increased over time and to assess whether CSA severity predicted the variation of change in depressive symptoms over time. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The study included 135 sexually abused adolescents (M = 16.01, 71.9 % female) from the Maltreatment and Adolescent Pathways (MAP) Longitudinal Study who were involved in three densely populated urban CPS agencies in Ontario, Canada. METHODS The project involved the collection of self-report questionnaires to be completed every six-months for three years. The questionnaires encompassed measures on psychological outcomes, selected resiliency factors, and abuse and neglect history. Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) via mixed model analyses were used to estimate depressive symptom trajectories. RESULTS We found that depressive symptoms significantly reduced over time (β. = -3.62, p < .001). Furthermore, the results showed that CSA severity significantly predicted depressive symptoms over time (β = 0.19, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS The findings contrast previous longitudinal research in community-based samples, suggesting a different trajectory for depressive symptoms among sexually abused adolescents involved in CPS. Moreover, the results reveal a strong association between depressive symptoms and CSA severity, further supporting early mental health screening practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damyan Edwards
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, 3700 McTavish Street, Montreal, QC H3A 1Y9, Canada.
| | - Delphine Collin-Vézina
- School of Social Work, Centre for Research on Children and Families, McGill University, 3506 University, Suite 321A, Montreal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada.
| | - Matthew C Danbrook
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, 3700 McTavish Street, Montreal, QC H3A 1Y9, Canada.
| | - Christine Wekerle
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
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15
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Associations between childhood maltreatment, poor sleep, and prenatal distress in pregnant adolescents. Dev Psychopathol 2022; 34:764-773. [PMID: 33551015 PMCID: PMC8349382 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420002163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment (CM) is a known risk factor for adolescent pregnancy. Sleep disturbances and psychological distress, both common negative sequelae of CM, often co-occur during pregnancy, although directionality remains unclear. Furthermore, little is known about how CM affects sleep-distress associations during pregnancy. In pregnant adolescents, we examined: (a) whether there are significant predictive associations from CM to sleep quality and distress and (b) bidirectional influences of distress and sleep quality. Healthy pregnant adolescents (n = 204) were recruited before or during the 2nd trimester. CM was assessed at enrollment; sleep quality and distress were assessed in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. Hypotheses were tested using path analysis. Findings revealed that CM was associated with worse 2nd trimester sleep quality and distress (β = .19, p < .05 for sleep; β = .30, p < .001 for distress). Higher levels of 2nd trimester distress were associated with lower 3rd trimester sleep quality (β = .19, p < .05). Findings provide novel information about (a) associations from CM to prenatal mood and sleep in pregnant adolescents, and (b) sleep-distress directionality over the course of pregnancy. These results have implications for better understanding the ways in which CM potentially exerts influences later in life, and for targeting interventions to address physical and mental health during pregnancy.
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Kim T, Park SY, Oh IH. Exploring the Relationship between Physical Activities and Health-Related Factors in the Health-Related Quality of Life among People with Disability in Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137839. [PMID: 35805497 PMCID: PMC9266025 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between modes (e.g., frequency and total time) of physical activity and health-related conditions of disabled people on their health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Korea. This study is a cross-sectional research funded by the Ministry of Health and Welfare. Data was obtained from the 2017 disability survey. A total of 6549 people with disabilities (Mage = 61.92, SD = 17.36; Male = 55.98%) were analyzed in this study. The higher the frequency of physical activity for the disabled in Korea, the more positive the HRQoL (p < 0.001). Among the elderly disabled, the higher the severity of disability and educational degree, the lower the HRQoL (all p < 0.05). Disabled people who had fewer diseases and lived an independent socio-economic and cultural life had a higher HRQoL (all p < 0.001). This study revealed different dimensions of how health-related factors influence the quality of life of people with disabilities. More attention should be paid to supporting people in being independent and active, in order to help them maintain a healthy life. Especially, the barriers to physical activity faced by disabled people are multi-layered and multifaceted. Increasing the frequency of physical activity for disabled people is not only beneficial for their physical function, but also for their HRQoL. This study enables welfare promotion for disabled people through various policies and incentives. Further, this will be an opportunity to reduce the socio-economic burden on medical and health-related services related to the disabled population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeeung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - So-Youn Park
- Department of Medical Education and Humanities, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - In-Hwan Oh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Correspondence:
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17
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Su Y, Meng X, Yang G, D’Arcy C. The relationship between childhood maltreatment and mental health problems: coping strategies and social support act as mediators. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:359. [PMID: 35619058 PMCID: PMC9137127 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment significantly increases the risk of developing mental health problems in adolescence and adulthood. The present study examines if coping strategies and social support mediate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and mental health problems. METHODS Data analyzed were from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey Mental Health (CCHS-MH, N = 25,113), a national population survey. A structured diagnostic interview, the World Health Organization version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WHO-CIDI), was used to assess mental health status. Multiple mediation analysis with structural equation modelling is used to test the mediating effects of coping skills and social support in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and mental health problems. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate that both coping strategies and social support mediated the link between childhood maltreatment and major depressive episode (mediation proportion: 18.3%), generalized anxiety disorder (mediation proportion: 19.8%), and suicide ideation (mediation proportion: 15.9%). By and large, the study results showed that coping skills and social support had both direct and indirect effects on the studied mental health problems with coping skills having a stronger impact. CONCLUSIONS Personal resources play an important resilience role in the associations between maltreatment and mental disorders with positive coping strategies, an internal resource, having a stronger protective presence. This research reinforces the need for strengthening positive coping strategies as well as social support as preventive strategies to improve mental health for individuals who have experienced childhood maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Su
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University and the Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Xiangfei Meng
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University and the Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Guang Yang
- grid.25152.310000 0001 2154 235XSchool of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Carl D’Arcy
- grid.25152.310000 0001 2154 235XSchool of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada ,grid.25152.310000 0001 2154 235XDepartment of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8 Canada
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18
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Schønning V, Sivertsen B, Hysing M, Dovran A, Askeland KG. Childhood maltreatment and sleep in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2022; 63:101617. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Sexual abuse and sleep in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Sleep Med Rev 2022; 64:101628. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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20
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Brown SM, Rodriguez KE, Smith AD, Ricker A, Williamson AA. Associations between Childhood Maltreatment and Behavioral Sleep Disturbances Across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review. Sleep Med Rev 2022; 64:101621. [PMID: 35367857 PMCID: PMC9441474 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment has a range of long-term developmental and health consequences. Emerging research suggests that sleep disturbances may be a key behavioral health risk factor implicated in the relationship between maltreatment and poor health across the lifespan. This systematic review examined the association between maltreatment and behavioral sleep disturbances in childhood and adulthood. Studies were identified through PsycINFO, PubMed, and alternative search strategies such as Google Scholar and reference list checks, with an end date of July 2021. Quantitative, peer-reviewed articles examining behavioral sleep outcomes and/or characteristics among maltreatment-exposed samples were included. We assessed the potential risk of bias by examining study design and sleep and maltreatment assessment methods. Across 73 studies included in this review, there was a robust association between childhood maltreatment and behavioral sleep disturbances. Findings suggest that linkages between maltreatment and sleep outcomes diverge with respect to maltreatment characteristics, type of behavioral sleep disturbance assessed, use of subjective versus objective measures, and study design. Given that behavioral sleep disturbances are modifiable, more research is needed that incorporates objective measures of sleep and longitudinal designs to identify specific points of intervention to mitigate the potential long-term impacts of childhood maltreatment on health across socio-demographically diverse populations.
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21
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Kim K, Moss C, Park JJ, Wekerle C. Child Maltreatment and the Child Welfare System as Environmental Factors in the International Classification of Functioning. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2022; 2:710629. [PMID: 36188868 PMCID: PMC9397842 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2021.710629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The WHO defines child maltreatment as any form of neglect, exploitation, and physical, emotional, or sexual abuse, committed against children under the age of 18. Youth involved in the child welfare system report more maltreatment experiences and environmental turbulence (e.g., number of moves, caseworkers), placing them at greater risk for poorer physical and mental health. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) provides a framework to describe health conditions and severity of disabilities for an individual and/or group in the context of environmental factors. The Maltreatment and Adolescent Pathways (MAP) study is a longitudinal study, assessing self-reports on variables (e.g., child maltreatment history, trauma symptoms, dating violence, and substance use) of youth in an urban child protection service system. This study focuses on 11 of the 24 MAP publications that pertain to health and functioning, which can be considered applicable to the ICF framework, following established linking rules. The purpose of this study is to analyze these MAP sub-studies, with maltreatment and involvement in the child welfare system as environmental factors that impact the functioning of child welfare-involved youth. Findings indicate significant relationships across environmental factors (i.e., child maltreatment histories, child welfare system involvement), health conditions (i.e., trauma symptomatology, psychological distress, intellectual disabilities), and functioning problems (i.e., substance use, adolescent dating violence, sexual risk-taking, coping motives, sleep problems). The interrelated nature of these factors in the MAP sub-studies suggests the value of the ICF model to a holistic health view of use to practitioners supporting system-involved youth, clarifying unattended environmental factors in guiding service provision for foster care and/or maltreated youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Corinne Moss
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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22
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Zhang L, Cui Z, Sasser J, Carvalho C, Oshri A. Family stress during the pandemic worsens the effect of adverse parenting on adolescent sleep quality. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 123:105390. [PMID: 34794017 PMCID: PMC8714683 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse parenting is consistently associated with increased sleep problems among adolescents. Shelter-in-Place restrictions and the uncertainty linked to the Covid-19 pandemic have introduced new stressors on parents and families, adding to the risk for youth's sleep problems. OBJECTIVE Using multidimensional assessments of child maltreatment (CM; threat vs. deprivation), the present study examined whether parent-report and child-report of Covid-19 related stress potentiated the effect of CM on sleep problems among boys and girls. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The study focused on a sample of 124 dyads of adolescents (Mage = 12.89, SD = 0.79; 52% female) and their primary caregivers (93% mothers) assessed before and during the pandemic (May to October 2020). METHOD Data were obtained from both youth and their parents. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test all study hypotheses. Simple slopes and Johnson-Neyman plots were generated to probe significant interaction effects. RESULTS Deprivation, but not threat, directly predicted increased sleep problems among boys during the pandemic. Additionally, elevation in Covid-19 stress (both parent and child report) intensified the link between CM (threat and deprivation) and sleep problems among boys. CONCLUSION Our findings inform prevention and intervention efforts that aim to reduce sleep problems among boys during stressful contexts, such as the Covid-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhao Zhang
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA 30602, United States; Youth Development Institute, University of Georgia, Room 208, 105 Foster Road (Pound Hall), Athens, GA 30606, United States.
| | - Zehua Cui
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA 30602, United States; Youth Development Institute, University of Georgia, Room 208, 105 Foster Road (Pound Hall), Athens, GA 30606, United States.
| | - Jeri Sasser
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States.
| | - Cory Carvalho
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA 30602, United States; Youth Development Institute, University of Georgia, Room 208, 105 Foster Road (Pound Hall), Athens, GA 30606, United States.
| | - Assaf Oshri
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA 30602, United States; Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States; Integrated Life Sciences, Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
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23
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Feeling unsafe as a source of psychological distress in early adolescence. Soc Sci Med 2021; 293:114643. [PMID: 34902649 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Symptoms of psychological distress at an early age have proved to undermine adolescents' academic achievements, as well as their personal and social well-being. The literature acknowledges a wide range of risk factors that cause psychological distress, while at the same time emphasizing the role of social support as a protective factor. On the other hand, feelings of unsafety as a possible source of psychological distress have been so far largely overlooked in the literature. OBJECTIVE The present study explores the consequences of a specific stressor (feeling unsafe) and asks whether social support can act as a moderator in the association between subjective unsafety and psychological distress. METHODS A multi-group structural equation model was run with a sample of 2876 young adolescents aged 10-12 enrolled in educational centers in the city of Barcelona, Spain. RESULTS The results show that direct exposure to sibling violence at home and bullying at school are significant predictors of psychological distress, regardless of biological sex. The hypothesis of a negative correlation of subjective perceptions of unsafety on psychological distress is also supported, although neighborhood-based risk factors emerge as a greater source of distress for females than for males. The involvement of supportive adults is associated with lower levels of perceptions of unsafety and distress in both groups, but girls seem capable of drawing more effectively on alternative sources of support, specifically their peers, to enhance their safety at school and in the neighborhood. CONCLUSION Overall, gender differences in our model overlap with socio-environmental inequalities (low income, exposure to violence and conflictual public spaces), thus suggesting that an intervention into the root causes of these inequalities could contribute to lowering psychological distress in early adolescence.
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24
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Semsar N, Mousavi Z, Tran MLM, Kuhlman KR. Dysregulated arousal as a pathway linking childhood neglect and clinical sleep disturbances in adulthood. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 122:105306. [PMID: 34507018 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A history of childhood maltreatment has a well-established association with clinical sleep disturbances in adulthood, which is a transdiagnostic contributor to many chronic diseases. OBJECTIVE Determine whether actigraphy-measured indices of dysregulated arousal during sleep explain associations between abuse or neglect in childhood and clinical sleep disturbances in adulthood. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Participants were 646 individuals, ages 25-83 (59.3% female) from the MIDUS II Biomarker, Refresher studies. METHODS Participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, wore an actigraph for seven days, and rated sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). RESULTS Both neglect (b = 0.66, SE = 0.33, p = .04) and abuse (b = 1.09, SE = 0.32, p < .001) were associated with clinical sleep disturbance. Actigraphy-measured sleep efficiency mediated the link between neglect and clinical sleep disturbances (ab = 0.33, SE = 0.12, 95%CI [0.12, 0.57]). However, no such link between abuse and clinical sleep disturbances was mediated by actigraphy-measured indices. Sleep onset latency did not mediate the link between neglect or abuse and sleep disturbance. Models covaried for other maltreatment, gender, and age. CONCLUSIONS While the unique associations between abuse or neglect and clinical sleep disturbances were robust in this sample, only sleep efficiency emerged as a mediator linking maltreatment and clinical sleep disturbances. Critically, this mediation was specific to neglect. Abuse and neglect may lead to disease through distinct pathways. Moreover, potential dysregulation in arousal that leads to sleep inefficiency may be a specific pathway through which experiences of neglect in childhood contribute to chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Semsar
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Zahra Mousavi
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Mai-Lan M Tran
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Kate R Kuhlman
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA; Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA.
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25
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Arslan G, Yıldırım M. Psychological Maltreatment and Loneliness in Adolescents: Social Ostracism and Affective Experiences. Psychol Rep 2021; 125:3028-3048. [PMID: 34396809 DOI: 10.1177/00332941211040430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Psychological maltreatment is an important public health concern that has been linked with a variety of negative psychosocial consequences and adjustment problems in childhood to adulthood. The purpose of the current study sought to explore the direct and indirect associations between psychological maltreatment, social ostracism, affective experiences, and loneliness among high school Turkish adolescents. Participants were comprised of 791 adolescents attending three public high schools in Turkey. Students were mostly male with a mean age of 16.35 (SD = 1.09) years. Findings from the analyses indicated that social ostracism mediated the relationship between psychological maltreatment and both positive and negative affective experiences. Social ostracism and affective experiences mediated the effect of psychological maltreatment on adolescent feelings of loneliness. Results of the present study suggest that social ostracism and affective experiences are important mechanisms that may help to understand the impacts of psychological maltreatment on adolescent feelings of loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökmen Arslan
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey.,Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Turkey
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26
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Chae W, Jang J, Park EC, Jang SI. Changes in child abuse experience associated to sleep quality: results of the Korean Children & Youth Panel Survey. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1210. [PMID: 34167507 PMCID: PMC8223356 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11309-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A victim of child abuse can often develop mental illness. The early detection of mental illness of children could be supported by observing sleep quality. Therefore, we examined the relationship between sleep quality and the changes in child abuse by the child’s own parents over the study period. Methods Data from the 2011–2013 Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey was used, and 2012 was set as the baseline. Adolescents who had poor sleep quality in 2011 were excluded from the analysis to obtain the final study population of 1276 adolescents aged 14 and 15 years. The generalized estimating equation model (GEE) was used for statistical analysis. Results Children who had experienced and/or were currently experiencing child abuse showed significantly poorer sleep quality (current year abuse only: odds ratio [OR] = 0.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.41, 0.79; prior year abuse only: OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.52, 0.99; continuous abuse: OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.39, 0.80) compared to children who had no experience of child abuse. Conclusion Child abuse remains a traumatic experience that influences the quality of sleep and hinders the child’s proper psychological development. We suggest approaching this issue at both the community and national levels to protect the victims. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11309-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjeong Chae
- BK21 FOUR R&E Center for Precision Public Health, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Jang
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-In Jang
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Sasser J, Oshri A, Duprey EB, Doane LD, Peltz JS. Daytime sleepiness underlies the link between adverse parenting and youth psychopathology among adolescent girls. J Adolesc 2021; 90:32-44. [PMID: 34098243 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adverse parenting is associated with sleep problems in adolescence, including sleep quality, inadequate sleep, and daytime sleepiness. Adolescents who experience sleep problems are at greater risk for developing internalizing and externalizing problems. However, research on the intervening role of sleep in the link between adverse parenting and youth psychopathology remains limited. The present study aimed to examine the indirect effects of adverse parenting on youth internalizing and externalizing psychopathology via sleep problems, and to examine the moderating role of gender in associations between parenting and sleep. METHODS Participants were 101 low-income youth aged 9-12 (52.5% female; 75.2% African-American) and their primary caregivers. Families were from a non-metropolitan region in the Southeastern United States. Data were collected at two time points (T1; Mage = 10.28, SD = 1.2; T2; Mage = 12.08, SD = 1.2). Adverse parenting was measured at T1, youth-reported sleep problems (inadequacy, disturbance) and daytime sleepiness were assessed at T2, and parent-reported internalizing and externalizing symptoms were measured at T2. RESULTS Daytime sleepiness served as an intervening variable in associations between adverse parenting and internalizing and externalizing problems, but sleep problems did not. This indirect association was moderated by gender, such that the association between adverse parenting and daytime sleepiness only emerged as significant for girls. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that daytime-related sleep behaviors may serve as a mechanism through which harsh or neglectful parenting is related to internalizing and externalizing psychopathology in adolescence, particularly for adolescent girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeri Sasser
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, 950 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
| | - Assaf Oshri
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, 105 Foster Rd, Athens, GA, 30606, USA.
| | - Erinn B Duprey
- Mt Hope Family Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester, 187 Edinburgh St, Rochester, NY, 14608, USA.
| | - Leah D Doane
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, 950 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
| | - Jack S Peltz
- Department of Psychological Science, Daemen College, 4380 Main St, Amherst, NY, 14226, USA.
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Morales-Muñoz I, Durdurak BB, Bilgin A, Marwaha S, Winsper C. Understanding the Relationship Between Sleep Problems in Early Childhood and Borderline Personality Disorder: A Narrative Review. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:2175-2202. [PMID: 34984039 PMCID: PMC8709557 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s311672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent research indicates that sleep problems in childhood precede the development of borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms, but the mechanisms by which sleep problems associate with BPD are still unknown. This narrative review aims to provide some potential explanations for how early sleep problems might associate with BPD. METHODS We used the biosocial developmental model of BPD as a framework to discuss how sleep problems may associate with BPD. Articles were identified via PubMed and Embase, and papers published between January 1991 and April 2021 were extracted. Authors made a series of literature searches using the following keywords: Sleep problems, Insomnia, Nightmares, Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis (HPA), Prefrontal Cortex, Family Psychopathology, Disrupted Attachment, Child Maltreatment, Impulsivity, Emotion Regulation, Internalizing, Externalizing, Rumination, Childhood, Adolescence, Young people. The inclusion criteria were published in peer-reviewed journals; human studies or reviews; published in English. The exclusion criteria were commentaries; abstracts from conferences; studies with animal samples. A total of 96 articles were included for the purpose of this review. RESULTS The evidence from this review suggests that some biological factors and core features of BPD act as potential mechanisms mediating the associations between early sleep and subsequent BPD, while some family-related factors might constitute common risk factors for sleep problems and BPD. CONCLUSION The biosocial developmental model of BPD provides a plausible characterization of how sleep disruption might lead to subsequent BPD. Further research on new developmental and early intervention approaches to understand how sleep in early stages associates with BPD could have significant clinical impact on these patients and could inform targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Morales-Muñoz
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Buse Beril Durdurak
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ayten Bilgin
- School of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Steven Marwaha
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,The Barberry National Centre for Mental Health, Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Catherine Winsper
- Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership NHS Trust, Research and Innovation, Coventry, UK
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The Relationship between Flourishing and Depression in Children in the U.S. Using a Socioecological Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17218246. [PMID: 33171644 PMCID: PMC7664657 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Children's flourishing is likely to be associated with achieving a positive mental and physical quality of life, which is considered as an important factor for helping children to overcome psychological adversity during the critical stage of emotional development. This study examined the relationships between children's flourishing and childhood depression. This was a cross-sectional study using the 2011-2012 National Children's Health Survey in the U.S. The conceptual framework that guided this study was a modified ecological system theory model. Multiple regressions were performed to investigate the associations between flourishing and pediatric depression, controlling for demographics, physical activity-related behaviors, family and environmental conditions. A total of 45,309 children (representing 33,293,823 children at the population level) were identified in this study (mean age: 13.63 years; female: 48.7%). Children's childhood depression was highly related to direct parenting functions, individual needs and environmental availabilities and accessibilities from a socioecological perspective. This study revealed multiple dimensions of how sociological factors influence children's flourishing and mental health. Parents' involvement in children's physical activities and family and social support are crucial for children's flourishing and mental health status. More attention needs to be paid to provide children with family and social support to help them to overcome and reduce childhood depression.
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John-Henderson NA. Childhood trauma as a predictor of changes in sleep quality in American Indian adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sleep Health 2020; 6:718-722. [PMID: 33092992 PMCID: PMC7572354 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life adversity associates with poor sleep in adulthood and is believed to sensitize individuals to later stressors. Infectious disease outbreaks increase psychological stress, and life events impact sleep quality. American Indians have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE Investigate whether childhood trauma predicts changes in sleep quality following onset of the pandemic and test whether pandemic stress contributes to changes in sleep. METHODS In a sample of 210 American Indian adults (Age M (SD) = 55.09 (13.10), 59.5% female) demographics, childhood trauma and sleep quality were measured at Time 1. One month following the onset of the pandemic, psychological stress specific to the pandemic and sleep quality were measured. RESULTS Using linear regression controlling for age, sex, income, and sleep quality at Time 1, childhood adversity predicted both psychological stress specific to the pandemic and changes in sleep quality from Time 1 to Time 2 (β = 0.33, t(205) = 4.88, P < .001, ΔR2 = 0.10) and (β = 0.24, t(204) = 3.48, P < .001, ΔR2 = 0.05), respectively. Mediation analyses indicated a significant indirect effect between childhood adversity and changes in sleep quality through COVID-19 stress (indirect effect [standard error, SE] = (0.03[0.01], 95% confidence interval = [0.003, 0.03]). CONCLUSIONS In American Indians childhood trauma predicts greater declines in sleep quality associated with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, in part because greater psychological stress related to COVID-19. Future work should identify factors which alleviate stress related to life events for individuals who experienced childhood trauma in order to improve health behaviors and health.
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Differential associations of parental harshness and parental disengagement with overall cortisol output at 15 years: Implications for adolescent mental health. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 34:129-146. [PMID: 33070808 PMCID: PMC8053724 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420000954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Psychosocial stress in childhood and adolescence is linked to stress system dysregulation, although few studies have examined the relative impacts of parental harshness and parental disengagement. This study prospectively tested whether parental harshness and disengagement show differential associations with overall cortisol output in adolescence. Associations between overall cortisol output and adolescent mental health problems were tested concurrently. Adolescents from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS) provided hair samples for cortisol assay at 15 years (N = 171). Caregivers reported on parental harshness and disengagement experiences at 1, 3, 5, 9, and 15 years, and adolescents reported at 15 years. Both parent and adolescent reported depressive and anxiety symptoms and antisocial behaviors at 15. Greater parental harshness from 1-15 years, and harshness reported at 15 years in particular, was associated with higher overall cortisol output at 15. Greater parental disengagement from 1-15 years, and disengagement at 1 year specifically, was associated with lower cortisol output. There were no significant associations between cortisol output and depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, or antisocial behaviors. These results suggest that the unique variances of parental harshness and disengagement may have opposing associations with cortisol output at 15 years, with unclear implications for adolescent mental health.
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32
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Zajac L, Prendergast S, Feder KA, Cho B, Kuhns C, Dozier M. Trajectories of sleep in Child Protective Services (CPS)-referred children predict externalizing and internalizing symptoms in early childhood. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 103:104433. [PMID: 32126399 PMCID: PMC7716882 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have established links between poor sleep and negative developmental outcomes. However, it remains unclear whether young maltreated children demonstrate atypical sleep patterns and whether sleep duration is associated with emotional and behavioral problems. OBJECTIVE Explore trajectories of sleep among Child Protective Services (CPS)-referred children and examine whether sleep duration is significantly associated with externalizing and internalizing symptoms, even when controlling for the home environment. PARTICIPANTS Participants included 197 children (Mage at first assessment = 10.24 months, SD = 6.39) whose parents were referred to CPS due to allegations of maltreatment. METHODS Parents completed sleep diaries for their children at up to five time-points and the preschool version of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) when children were approximately 2 years of age (Mage = 26.40 months, SD = 3.36). The Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment Scale (HOME) assessed the quality of the early home environment. RESULTS Results from latent growth curve modeling demonstrated that CPS-referred children significantly varied (B = 3.28, SE = 0.90, p < .001) in the amount they slept in a 24-hour period at baseline (i.e., 4.1 months of age), and the amount of total sleep in a 24-hour period significantly decreased across time (B1 = -0.03, SE = 0.01, p < .001). When controlling for characteristics of the home environment, total sleep in a 24-hour period at baseline significantly inversely predicted externalizing (B = -1.03, SE = 0.06, p < .001) and internalizing symptoms (B = -0.19, SE = 0.03, p < .001) in early childhood. CONCLUSIONS This study is an important first step in exploring trajectories of sleep among CPS-referred children. Findings underscore sleep as a promising target for interventions aimed at promoting regulation and highlight the need for future research to examine sleep in maltreated children as a predictor of later developmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kenneth A Feder
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States
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Hash JB, Oxford ML, Ward TM, Fleming CB, Spieker SJ. Sleep Patterns, Problems and Ecology among Toddlers in Families with a Child Protective Services Maltreatment Referral. J Pediatr Nurs 2020; 51:85-91. [PMID: 31945664 PMCID: PMC7276301 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2019.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe sleep patterns, problems, and ecology among toddlers (13 to 36 months) from families referred to Child Protective Services (CPS) for maltreatment and to compare sleep duration among a subgroup (24- to 36-month-olds) to previously published population-based data. DESIGN AND METHODS A secondary analysis of a larger longitudinal study was conducted. Participants included 113 parent-toddler dyads recruited out of CPS offices based on having a recent maltreatment referral. Parents reported about their toddler's sleep at two time points (approximately six months apart). RESULTS At the earlier and later time points, respectively, mean sleep duration was 11.03 and 10.90 h (nighttime), 1.36 and 1.36 h (daytime), and 12.47 and 12.28 h (total 24-h). Of the toddlers, 24% and 17% had two or more nighttime awakenings, 34% and 33% had at least a somewhat hard time falling asleep, and 25% and 26% had difficulty sleeping alone. Mean bedtimes were 8:50 pm and 8:58 pm. Nighttime sleeping arrangement/location, nap arrangement/location, and method of falling asleep at night varied. Compared to the population-based data, nighttime sleep duration was 43 min longer and nap duration was 46 min shorter in the CPS sample. CONCLUSIONS Symptoms of behavioral sleep problems were common in this sample of toddlers from families referred to CPS for maltreatment. Distribution of sleep, but not total 24-hour sleep, differed significantly between the CPS sample and the population-based data. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Nurses caring for toddlers from families involved with CPS can play an integral role promoting sleep health and addressing behavioral sleep problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonika B Hash
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing & Health Informatics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.
| | - Monica L Oxford
- Department of Family & Child Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Teresa M Ward
- Psychosocial & Community Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Charles B Fleming
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Susan J Spieker
- Department of Family & Child Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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34
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Langevin R, Hébert M, Bergeron SJ, Duchesne M, Lambert Y, Chartrand R, Frappier JY. Sleep problems and interpersonal violence in youth in care under the Quebec Child Welfare Society. Sleep Med 2018; 56:52-56. [PMID: 30545802 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective this study was to investigate the relative contributions of gender, common mental health symptoms, and experiences of interpersonal violence to the presence of sleep disturbances in Youth in Care under Child Welfare Society admitted to residential facilities. METHODS A sample of 315 teenagers (14-18 years old) completed a self-reported questionnaire upon admission, followed by a medical consultation with a nurse and a physician. Information regarding experiences of interpersonal violence, mental health symptoms, and sleep disturbances was collected using a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS Anxiety, ADHD symptoms, and sexual abuse were associated with sleep disturbances, F(10, 264) = 5.95, p < 0.001. Results from hierarchical regression analyses revealed that experiences of interpersonal violence, more specifically sexual abuse, were associated with sleep disturbances over and beyond gender and the presence of mental health symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight practical implications for health professionals in terms of assessment and intervention for vulnerable youth exposed to interpersonal violence. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Langevin
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Canada.
| | - Martine Hébert
- Department of Sexology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada
| | - Sébastien J Bergeron
- Adolescent Division, CHU Sainte-Justine, Mother and Child University Hospital Center, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Yves Frappier
- Adolescent Division, CHU Sainte-Justine, Mother and Child University Hospital Center, Canada
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36
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Schneiderman JU, Ji J, Susman EJ, Negriff S. Longitudinal Relationship Between Mental Health Symptoms and Sleep Disturbances and Duration in Maltreated and Comparison Adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2018; 63:74-80. [PMID: 30060861 PMCID: PMC6070347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the longitudinal relationships between mental health symptoms and sleep for male and female maltreated and comparison adolescents. METHODS Participants were from a longitudinal study of child maltreatment (maltreated n = 247; comparison n = 138). The current analyses used data from Time 3 (T3; average age 13.7 years) and Time 4 (T4; average age 18.2 years). Path models tested cross-lagged effects between mental health symptoms (depression and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder [PTSD]) and sleep (disturbances and duration) and main effects of maltreatment on Time 4 variables, stratified by sex. RESULTS Reciprocal relationships between depressive and PTSD symptoms and sleep disturbances were found only for females. Specifically, depressive and PTSD symptoms at T3 predicted sleep disturbances at T4 and sleep disturbances at T3 also predicted depressive and PTSD symptoms at T4. Regarding sleep duration, PTSD symptoms at T3 predicted shorter sleep duration at T4 among females but not for males. There was no effect of maltreatment status on mental health symptoms or sleep disturbance, but maltreated adolescents reported longer sleep duration at T4 than comparison adolescents. CONCLUSIONS The reciprocal nature of the relationship between mental health symptoms and sleep disturbances in females highlights the need to treat both mental health symptoms as well as sleep problems in female adolescents to improve mental and physical health. The absence of a negative effect of maltreatment on sleep may be due to the fact that the maltreated youth and comparison youth lived in the same low-income urban communities and were exposed to the same nocturnal environmental irritants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet U Schneiderman
- Department of Children, Youth, and Families, University of Southern California Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, Los Angeles, California; Department of Nursing, University of Southern California Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Juye Ji
- Department of Social Work, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California
| | - Elizabeth J Susman
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Sonya Negriff
- Department of Children, Youth, and Families, University of Southern California Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, Los Angeles, California
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Counts CJ, Grubin FC, John-Henderson NA. Childhood socioeconomic status and risk in early family environments: predictors of global sleep quality in college students. Sleep Health 2018; 4:301-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Okada M, Otaga M, Tsutsui T, Tachimori H, Kitamura S, Higuchi S, Mishima K. Association of sleep with emotional and behavioral problems among abused children and adolescents admitted to residential care facilities in Japan. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198123. [PMID: 29856806 PMCID: PMC5983560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The psychological care of abused children in the child protection system is an urgent issue in Japan. Child abuse has a serious impact on children's emotion and behavior, but there is virtually no evidence about how child abuse affects sleep, which is closely related to behavioral and emotional control. In this study, we sought to identify sleep habits and suspected sleep disorders among abused children and adolescents admitted to residential care facilities in Japan and to investigate their association with emotional and behavioral problems. METHODS The study targeted 273 abused children and adolescents (age range: 4 to 15 years) who had been admitted to a residential care facility in Japan. They were assessed by physicians and other personnel at facilities with expertise in childcare and abuse. Respondents completed a brief sleep questionnaire on the incidence of problematic sleep habits and suspected sleep disorders as well as a questionnaire on emotional and behavioral issues. RESULTS Approximately 40% of the abused children and adolescents had some sleep-related symptoms at bedtime and waking, and 19% had suspected sleep disorder. Abused children with emotional and behavioral problems had a significantly higher incidence of suspected sleep disorders than abused children without such problems, and this incidence was particularly high among those with antisocial behavior and depressive behavior. Our predictive model also showed that antisocial behavior and depressive behavior were significant predictors of suspected sleep disorders. CONCLUSION Careful assessment and appropriate therapeutic intervention for sleep disorders are required in abused children and adolescents with emotional and behavioral problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Okada
- Department of Kansei Science, Graduate School of Integrated Frontier Science, Kyushu University, 4-9-1 Shiobaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Psychophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Otaga
- Department of Health and Social Services, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6 Minami, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takako Tsutsui
- Graduate School of Business, University of Hyogo, 8-2-1 Gakuen-nishimachi, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hisateru Tachimori
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashicho, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Kitamura
- Department of Psychophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Higuchi
- Department of Human Science, Faculty of Design, Kyushu University, 4-9-1 Shiobaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuo Mishima
- Department of Psychophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
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John-Henderson NA, Williams SE, Brindle RC, Ginty AT. Changes in sleep quality and levels of psychological distress during the adaptation to university: The role of childhood adversity. Br J Psychol 2018; 109:694-707. [DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah E. Williams
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences; University of Birmingham; UK
| | - Ryan C. Brindle
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Pittsburgh; Pennsylvania USA
| | - Annie T. Ginty
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience; Baylor University; Waco Texas USA
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40
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Arslan G. Psychological maltreatment, coping strategies, and mental health problems: A brief and effective measure of psychological maltreatment in adolescents. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2017; 68:96-106. [PMID: 28427000 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Psychological maltreatment is an important social and public health problem and associated with a wide range of short and long-term outcomes in childhood to adulthood. Given the importance of investigating mitigating factors on its effect, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the mediating effect of active and avoidant coping strategies on the association between psychological maltreatment and mental health- internalizing and externalizing- problems in adolescents. Participants of the study consisted of 783 adolescents, ranging in age from 14 to 18 years (M=15.57, SD=0.88), with 52.9% female and 47.1% male. Several structural equation models were conducted to investigate the mediating role of coping strategies on the effect of psychological maltreatment on adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems. Findings from mediation analyses demonstrated the mediating effect of active and avoidant coping strategies on the association between psychological maltreatment and mental health problems. The outcomes support adolescents use more avoidant coping strategies and fewer active coping strategies in the face of psychological maltreatment experiences, and this affects their mental health. Taken together, these results should contribute to the design of prevention and intervention services in order to promote mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökmen Arslan
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
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41
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Bernard K, Frost A, Bennett CB, Lindhiem O. Maltreatment and diurnal cortisol regulation: A meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 78:57-67. [PMID: 28167370 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment leads to a host of negative physical and mental health outcomes, with cortisol dysregulation implicated as a possible mechanism. Given inconsistencies across in the literature regarding the direction and magnitude of the association between maltreatment and diurnal cortisol regulation, the current meta-analysis of 27 studies aimed to examine the association between maltreatment and at least one of 3 indicators of diurnal cortisol regulation: wake-up cortisol levels, the cortisol awakening response (CAR), and/or the diurnal cortisol slope. Effect sizes were calculated using Hedges' g formula and were pooled using a random effects model. For the association between maltreatment and wake-up cortisol level, the aggregate effect size was g=0.08, p=0.26. Notably, effect sizes between maltreatment and wake-up cortisol were significantly larger (Qbetween=5.18, p=0.02) for studies of agency-referred samples, g=0.24, p=0.006, than studies for which maltreatment status was based on self-report, g=0.00, p=0.97, with maltreatment associated with reduced wake-up cortisol levels. For the association between maltreatment and the CAR and diurnal cortisol slope, the aggregate effect sizes were non-significant and none of the moderator variables were significant. Although results did not indicate a large and robust association between maltreatment and various indicators of diurnal cortisol, studies with more rigorous designs (i.e., agency-referred samples) showed a small, significant association between maltreatment and blunted wake-up cortisol levels, suggesting a pattern of hypocortisolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Bernard
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, United States.
| | - Allison Frost
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, United States
| | | | - Oliver Lindhiem
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States
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Baiden P, Tarshis S, Antwi-Boasiako K, den Dunnen W. Examining the independent protective effect of subjective well-being on severe psychological distress among Canadian adults with a history of child maltreatment. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2016; 58:129-140. [PMID: 27372801 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the independent protective effect of subjective well-being on severe psychological distress among adult Canadians with a history of child maltreatment. Data for this study were obtained from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health (CCHS-MH). A sample of 8126 respondents aged 20-69 years old who experienced at least one child maltreatment event was analyzed using binary logistic regression with severe psychological distress as the outcome variable. Of the 8126 respondents with a history of child maltreatment, 3.9% experienced severe psychological distress within the past month. Results from the multivariate logistic regression revealed that emotional and psychological well-being each had a significant effect on severe psychological distress. For each unit increase in emotional well-being, the odds of a respondent having severe psychological distress were predicted to decrease by a factor of 28% and for each unit increase in psychological well-being, the odds of a respondent having severe psychological distress were predicted to decrease by a factor of 10%, net the effect of demographic, socioeconomic, and health factors. Other factors associated with psychological distress included: younger age, poor self-perceived physical health, and chronic condition. Having post-secondary education, having a higher income, and being non-White predicted lower odds of severe psychological distress. Although, child maltreatment is associated with stressful life events later in adulthood, subjective well-being could serve as a protective factor against severe psychological distress among adults who experienced maltreatment when they were children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Baiden
- University of Toronto, Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1V4.
| | - Sarah Tarshis
- University of Toronto, Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1V4
| | - Kofi Antwi-Boasiako
- University of Toronto, Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1V4
| | - Wendy den Dunnen
- University of Ottawa, School of Psychology, 136 Jean Jacques Lussier, Vanier Hall, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
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