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Blackwell CK, Cella D, Mansolf M. Intergenerational transmission of adverse and positive childhood experiences and associations with child well-being. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 157:107050. [PMID: 39303434 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) contribute to offspring adversity and poor health outcomes, but little is known about whether and to what extent parental positive childhood experiences (PCEs) influence offspring positive experiences and well-being. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between parent and child ACEs and PCEs and their impact on child well-being and psychopathology. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A national sample of n = 1016 US parents of 1-5-year-olds completed online surveys in September 2019. METHODS Mediation analysis in a path modeling framework was used with stratified probability weights for generalizability to the US population. RESULTS Each additional parent PCE equated to 0.32 (95 % CI: 0.20, 0.45) increase in child PCEs and each additional parent ACE equated to 0.18 (95 % CI: 0.06, 0.31) increase in child PCEs and 0.13 (95 % CI: 0.08, 0.18) increase in child ACEs. In turn, an increase in 1 child PCE was associated with 0.10-0.16 SD increase in well-being and 0.06-0.10 decrease in psychopathology, and each additional child ACE equated to 0.10-0.18 SD increase in psychopathology. CONCLUSIONS Results support the intergenerational transmission of PCEs and ACEs, advancing understanding of the role that parent PCEs play in promoting child PCEs and fostering child well-being. Findings underscore the importance of extending clinical surveillance of ACEs to include PCEs in pediatric and adult healthcare settings. Dual-generation programs that address the negative consequences of parental ACEs may be able to increase their impact by adding a parallel emphasis on PCEs and providing parents with tools to foster PCEs in their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney K Blackwell
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
| | - David Cella
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Maxwell Mansolf
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
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Noda T, Nagaura H, Fujita Y, Tsutsumi T. Cross-sectional study on university students' mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Exploring the influence of adverse and positive childhood experiences. PCN REPORTS : PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES 2024; 3:e235. [PMID: 39157300 PMCID: PMC11327296 DOI: 10.1002/pcn5.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Aim This study examined the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on university students, focusing on how adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and positive childhood experiences (PCEs) influence mental health. Methods A web-based survey was administered to 3000 university students from October 26 to 31, 2022, following the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health assessments included the Japanese version of the Kessler Psychological Distress 6-Item Scale (K6) for depressive/anxiety symptoms, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R-J) for distress, fear of COVID-19, and a three-item loneliness scale. Results Of the respondents, 46.9% reported depressive/anxiety symptoms, 55.4% reported distress, and 37.3% reported fear of COVID-19. Factors such as current psychiatric treatment history and reduced income (either parental or personal) were predictive of worsening depressive/anxiety symptoms, distress, and loneliness. ACEs were found to exacerbate depressive/anxiety symptoms and distress, while PCEs mitigated these symptoms, and vice versa. Conclusion This study underscores the importance of considering both ACEs and PCEs in supporting the mental health of university students. PCEs were found to independently prevent mental health deterioration, including depressive/anxiety symptoms and distress, which may include post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, even in the presence of ACEs. Recognizing and fostering PCEs emerged as an effective strategy for mitigating mental health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Noda
- Higashi Fuse Noda Clinic Higashiosaka Osaka Japan
- Osaka University of Human Science Settsu Osaka Japan
| | - Hiromu Nagaura
- Hokkaido University of Education Asahikawa-City Hokkaido Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Fujita
- University of Human Arts and Sciences Saitama-City Saitama Japan
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Van Doorn G, Dye J, Teese R. The influence of Adverse and Positive Childhood Experiences on facets of empathy. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 155:106993. [PMID: 39151247 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) have been associated with empathy, research findings have been incongruous. In contrast, positive parenting practices have been consistently, and positively, associated with empathy. OBJECTIVE The current study investigated whether the relationship between ACEs and facets of empathy (i.e., perspective taking, empathic concern, personal distress, fantasy) were moderated by Positive Childhood Experiences (PCEs). PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A sample of 923 participants completed an online survey. METHOD Participants completed online versions of the Childhood Experiences Scale-17, the Benevolent Childhood Experiences Scale, and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. RESULTS We found that ACEs were not significantly associated with any facet of empathy. PCEs, on the other hand, were positively associated with fantasy, empathic concern, and perspective taking, and moderated the relationships between (a) ACEs and empathic concern, and (b) ACEs and perspective taking. CONCLUSIONS These results provide a more nuanced understanding of the role ACEs and PCEs play in empathy. Specifically, PCEs appear to be a protective factor when ACEs are low, but when people experience above average levels of childhood adversity, PCEs have little influence on empathic concern or perspective taking.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Van Doorn
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Gippsland Campus, Federation University Australia, Churchill, VIC 3842, Australia; Health Innovation and Transformation Centre, Mt Helen Campus, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia.
| | - Jacob Dye
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Mt Helen Campus, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia; Collaborative Evaluation and Research Group, Gippsland Campus, Federation University Australia, Churchill 3842, Australia
| | - Robert Teese
- Health Innovation and Transformation Centre, Mt Helen Campus, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia; Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Mt Helen Campus, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia
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Almeida TC, Cardoso J, Matos AF, Murça A, Cunha O. Adverse childhood experiences and aggression in adulthood: The moderating role of positive childhood experiences. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 154:106929. [PMID: 38968757 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have a significant impact on a person's psychological development and predispose them to various harmful consequences in adulthood, such as different forms of aggression. Contrarily, positive childhood experiences (PCEs) operate as protective factors, buffering against the adverse effects of ACEs and promoting adaptive behaviors and psychological well-being. However, the role of PCEs in the relationship between ACEs and aggression remains relatively unexplored. OBJECTIVE To explore the moderation role of PCEs in the relationship between ACEs and aggression and its different components across sexes in a community sample. METHODS A sample of 1541 Portuguese adults answered an online protocol with a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Benevolent Childhood Experiences Scale, the Childhood History Questionnaire, and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. RESULTS ACEs were positively correlated with aggression, including physical and verbal aggression, anger, and hostility, with women reporting a higher prevalence of ACEs and higher levels of anger. Men revealed higher scores in physical and verbal aggression. Furthermore, moderation analyses clarified the moderating effect of PCEs on the relationship between ACEs and aggression in women and between ACEs and anger in both sexes. PCEs attenuate the adverse impact of ACEs, reducing aggression and anger levels. CONCLUSIONS This study stresses the complex interplay between childhood experiences and adult aggression, highlighting the differential effects of ACEs and PCEs across men and women. By clarifying these dynamics, interventions can be tailored to bolster protective factors like PCEs. This will ultimately foster healthier developmental trajectories and reduce the prevalence of aggression in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Catarina Almeida
- Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal; Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal; LabPSI - Laboratório de Psicologia Egas Moniz, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal.
| | - Jorge Cardoso
- Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal; Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal; LabPSI - Laboratório de Psicologia Egas Moniz, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Murça
- Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal
| | - Olga Cunha
- Lusófona University, HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs, Porto, Portugal
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Dube SR. Adverse childhood experiences research: The path forward. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 154:106899. [PMID: 38875867 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanta R Dube
- Levine College of Health Sciences, Wingate University, Wingate, NC, United States of America.
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Heshmati R, Seyed Yaghoubi Pour N, Haji Abbasoghli P, Habibi Asgarabad M. Adverse Childhood Experience, Parental Bonding, and Fatherhood as Parenting Vulnerabilities to Social Anxiety Severity. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:2057-2073. [PMID: 39056652 PMCID: PMC11276488 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14070137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The present study aims to elucidate the association between adverse childhood experiences, parental bonding, fatherhood, and social anxiety symptoms among emerging adults within an Iranian context. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study utilized self-reported assessments to evaluate fatherhood, parental bonding, anxious thoughts, and childhood trauma. The study was administered to 242 university students exhibiting social anxiety symptoms. Among the participants, 181 (74.8%) were boys and 61 (25.2%) were girls between the ages of 18 and 29. In terms of educational background, 64.9% of them held a bachelor's degree, and 35.1% held a master's degree. A majority of them (84.3%) were of middle-class socio-economic status, 6.6% were of low income, and 9.1% were of high income. Results: Analysis via multiple linear regression revealed that individuals with adverse childhood experiences exhibited heightened levels of social anxiety symptoms (R2 = 0.32) compared to their counterparts without such experiences. Furthermore, fatherhood (R2 = 0.28), paternal bonding (R2 = 0.26), and maternal bonding (R2 = 0.26) were all significantly and equally associated with variance in social anxiety symptoms. The findings underscored the substantial correlation between ACEs, fatherhood, and both maternal and paternal bonding with social anxiety symptoms in adulthood. Conclusions: Accordingly, the study emphasizes the importance of thoroughly assessing the multifaceted contributors to social anxiety. Such insights are pivotal for the design and implementation of community-based preventive interventions aimed at reducing the societal burden of social anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Heshmati
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran; (N.S.Y.P.); (P.H.A.)
| | - Nazanin Seyed Yaghoubi Pour
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran; (N.S.Y.P.); (P.H.A.)
| | - Parisa Haji Abbasoghli
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran; (N.S.Y.P.); (P.H.A.)
| | - Mojtaba Habibi Asgarabad
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Mbachu CO, Agu IC, Eze II, Onwujekwe OE. Determinants of peer education on sexual and reproductive health and rights among in-school adolescents in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2024; 13:166. [PMID: 39268444 PMCID: PMC11392313 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_22_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peer education has contributed to increased knowledge and preventive behaviors of adolescents toward reproductive health matters with the unique feature of maintaining peer-to-peer learning ability and sustaining intervention gains. This study examined the factors that predict the agency of in-school adolescents as peer educators on the sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) of adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 257 adolescent boys and girls, purposively selected from six public secondary schools that had received a package of interventions that aimed to improve peer-to-peer education on SRHR in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Data were collected using a pretested structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. The level of statistical significance was determined at a P value < 0.05 and a 95% confidence limit. RESULTS Almost all the students (98.05%) believed that adolescents need information on SRHR, which should be provided in the schools; however, 66.93% had ever shared information with their peers on the SRHR. The predictors of the practice of peer education on SRHR include being in senior secondary (adjusted odds ratios (AOR) =2.889, P = 0.026), participation in SRHR campaigns (AOR = 6.139, P = 0.005), receiving information, education and communication materials (AOR = 0.266, P = 0.042), and discussing SRH matter with adult family members (AOR = 2.567, P = 0.026). CONCLUSION The practice of peer education among adolescents was determined by their level in school, availability of support structures such as parent-child communication, and program-related factors. Therefore, public health initiatives should prioritize these factors to strengthen adolescents' agency as peer educators on the SRHR of young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinyere O Mbachu
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Health Policy Research Group, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Ifunanya C Agu
- Health Policy Research Group, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Irene I Eze
- Health Policy Research Group, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, Abakaliki Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Obinna E Onwujekwe
- Health Policy Research Group, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Department of Health Administration and Management, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus Enugu State, Nigeria
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Dickie DT, Langhinrichsen-Rohling J, McAnulty RD. College students' adverse childhood experiences and their anticipated risky behaviors: Early maladaptive schemas and emotion regulation difficulties as potential mediators. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38917370 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2369854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Objective: This study explicates the relationship between college student's adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and their anticipated engagement in five types of risky behaviors. Two transdiagnostic mechanisms were tested cross-sectionally: disconnection/rejection early maladaptive schemas (cognitive) and difficulties in emotional regulation (emotional). Participants: 521 college student participants were majority female (66.8%), White (57.2%), freshman (54.9%), and heterosexual (72.2%). Methods: Participants completed an online, self-report, survey. Pearson bivariate correlations and parallel mediation analyses were conducted. Results: Sixty percent of students endorsed at least one ACE. Among the total sample, disconnection/rejection schemas partially mediated the relationship between ACEs and anticipated engagement in irresponsible academic/work behaviors, drug use, aggressive/illegal activities, and heavy drinking. Difficulties in emotion regulation partially mediated anticipated risky sexual activities and irresponsible academic/work behaviors. Sex differences were noted. Conclusions: Preventing irresponsible academic activity and other risky behaviors is critically important to college students, parents, and administrators. Intervention efforts should address cognitive and emotional mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Dickie
- Department of Psychological Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | - Richard D McAnulty
- Department of Psychological Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
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Miguel-Alvaro A, Messman BA, Weiss NH, Contractor AA. Do childhood experiences influence associations between posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and positive autobiographical memories among military veteran students? An exploratory study. Memory 2024; 32:540-551. [PMID: 38727529 PMCID: PMC11262963 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2024.2348685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence links posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and features of positive autobiographical memories (accessibility, vividness, coherence, sharing, emotional intensity, distancing). There is a knowledge gap on how adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs) may influence these relationships. OBJECTIVES The current study explored whether the number ACEs or BCEs moderated associations between PTSD symptom severity and features of positive autobiographical memories. DESIGN AND METHODS The sample included 124 student military veterans who had experienced a trauma (Mage = 33.90; 77.4% male; 75.0% White). RESULTS Path analyses showed more PTSD symptom severity was significantly associated with less positive autobiographical memory vividness (β = -0.26, p = .019, R2 = 0.06). Further, the number of ACEs moderated the relationship between PTSD symptom severity and positive autobiographical memory accessibility (β = -0.25, p = .023, R2 = 0.10) and vividness (β = -0.20, p = .024, R2 = 0.10). Among individuals with more ACEs (1 SD above the mean) compared to those with fewer ACEs (1 SD below the mean), less accessibility and vividness of positive autobiographical memories was associated with greater PTSD symptom severity. The number of BCEs was not a significant moderator. CONCLUSIONS Positive memory-based interventions may be particularly useful to address PTSD symptoms among military veterans with a history of childhood adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brett A Messman
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Nicole H Weiss
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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Landa-Blanco M, Vásquez G, Portillo G, Sproviero F, Echenique Y. The impact of adverse childhood experiences on mental health, sexual risk behaviors, and alcohol consumption in adulthood. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1352824. [PMID: 38659462 PMCID: PMC11039929 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1352824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to determine how Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) relate to adulthood flourishing, symptoms of depression, anxiety, somatization, self-reported health, sexual risk behaviors, and alcohol consumption. A quantitative cross-sectional methodology was used. A total of 452 adults completed the survey. The most prevalent ACE include physical abuse (44.69%), separation/divorce of parents (41.81%), living with someone with alcohol problems (39.38%), and being sworn, insulted, or humiliated by adults at home (35.62%). Almost one out of every four respondents (24.34%) reported being touched by an adult, 17.92% reported that an adult tried to manipulate the respondent into touching them, and 8.19% were forced to have sexual intercourse. Results indicate that women reported a higher number of ACE than men. The number of ACE is inversely related to flourishing and self-reported health; while being positively associated with participant's scores in depression, anxiety, somatization, sexual risk behaviors, and alcohol use. The regression model, including the eleven ACE and respondents' sex and age, achieved medium effect sizes for somatization, depression, and anxiety symptoms and small effect sizes for flourishing, self-reported health, sexual risk behaviors, and alcohol consumption. Specific ACE have a particularly significant negative impact on mental health outcomes: forced intercourse, witnessing familial violence, verbal humiliation, and living with individuals struggling with mental health issues and drug consumption or who were incarcerated. In conclusion, the study highlights the alarming prevalence of ACE among the Honduran population and their significant negative impact on mental health outcomes during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Landa-Blanco
- School of Psychological Sciences, National Autonomous University of Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
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Hanson CL, Magnusson BM, Crandall AA, Barnes MD, McFarland E, Smith M. Life experience pathways to college student emotional and mental health: A structural equation model. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:826-833. [PMID: 35471936 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2058328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Previous research suggests that both adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), positive childhood experiences (PCEs), and current life experiences are associated with emotional wellbeing and mental health. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of these life experience and coping processes on college student emotional and mental health. Participants: College students (N = 555) were recruited from a large western university. Methods: Participants completed an online cross-sectional survey measuring early and current life experiences, cognitive and emotional coping efforts, and emotional and mental health outcomes. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results: There was an indirect effect of PCEs on emotional and mental health through cognitive and emotional coping efforts. No association was observed between ACEs and mental health. Conclusions: Increases in PCEs are protective, enhance coping efforts, and strengthen emotional and mental health outcomes among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl L Hanson
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | | | | | - Michael D Barnes
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Emily McFarland
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - McKaylee Smith
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
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Şanli ME, Çiçek İ, Yıldırım M, Çeri V. Positive childhood experiences as predictors of anxiety and depression in a large sample from Turkey. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 243:104170. [PMID: 38301406 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive childhood experiences positively influence one's adult life, while the absence of such positive experiences can potentially yield mental health problems throughout the lifespan. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the role of positive childhood experiences on depression and anxiety levels. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING 3090 (2059 women) young adults participated in this research. They ranged in age between 18 and 68 years (M = 28.78, SD = 9.44) and completed the self-report measures including the Positive Childhood Experiences Scale, Beck Depression and Anxiety Scales and Personal Information Forms. METHOD A cross-sectional research design was used to collect the data through social media platforms. We conducted a regression analysis to examine how positive childhood experiences contribute to depression and anxiety. RESULTS The results of correlation analysis indicated that positive childhood experiences were significantly negatively related to depression and anxiety. Regression analysis revealed that positive childhood experiences explained a significant amount of variance in the prediction of depression (10 %) and anxiety (8 %) after controlling for demographic factors. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the frequency of positive experiences lived during childhood might significantly reduce anxiety and depression, and positive childhood experiences might positively affect them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - İlhan Çiçek
- Health College, Batman University, Batman, Turkey
| | - Murat Yıldırım
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Ağrı, Turkey; Department of Social and Educational Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Veysi Çeri
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, Antalya Bilim University, Antalya, Turkey
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Novilla MLB, Bird KT, Hanson CL, Crandall A, Cook EG, Obalana O, Brady LA, Frierichs H. U.S. Physicians' Training and Experience in Providing Trauma-Informed Care in Clinical Settings. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:232. [PMID: 38397721 PMCID: PMC10888540 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Trauma-informed care (TIC) is a comprehensive approach that focuses on the whole individual. It acknowledges the experiences and symptoms of trauma and their impact on health. TIC prioritizes physical and emotional safety through a relationship of trust that supports patient choice and empowerment. It provides a safe and respectful healing environment that considers specific needs while promoting a greater sense of well-being, patient engagement, and partnership in the treatment process. Given the prevalence of trauma, this descriptive cross-sectional study examined the attitudes and perspectives of U.S. physicians (N = 179; 67% males; 84% White; 43% aged 56-65) in providing trauma-informed care using an anonymous 29-item online survey administered by Reaction Data. Findings showed that 16% (n = 18) of physicians estimated that >50% of their patients have a history of trauma. Commonly perceived barriers to providing TIC were resource/time/administrative constraints, provider stress, limited awareness of the right provider to refer patients who experienced trauma, and inadequate TIC emphasis in medical education/training. Expanding physicians' knowledge base of trauma through training and organizational policy/support is crucial in enhancing their TIC competence, particularly in caring for patients with complex care needs whose social determinants increase their risk of exposure to adverse experiences that carry lasting physical and psychological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Lelinneth B. Novilla
- Department of Public Health, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84604, USA; (K.T.B.); (C.L.H.); (A.C.); (E.G.C.); (O.O.); (L.A.B.); (H.F.)
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Gee DG, Cohodes EM. Leveraging the developmental neuroscience of caregiving to promote resilience among youth exposed to adversity. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:2168-2185. [PMID: 37929292 PMCID: PMC10872788 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Early adversity is a major risk factor for the emergence of psychopathology across development. Identifying mechanisms that support resilience, or favorable mental health outcomes despite exposure to adversity, is critical for informing clinical intervention and guiding policy to promote youth mental health. Here we propose that caregivers play a central role in fostering resilience among children exposed to adversity via caregiving influences on children's corticolimbic circuitry and emotional functioning. We first delineate the numerous ways that caregivers support youth emotional learning and regulation and describe how early attachment lays the foundation for optimal caregiver support of youth emotional functioning in a developmental stage-specific manner. Second, we outline neural mechanisms by which caregivers foster resilience-namely, by modulating offspring corticolimbic circuitry to support emotion regulation and buffer stress reactivity. Next, we highlight the importance of developmental timing and sensitive periods in understanding caregiving-related mechanisms of resilience. Finally, we discuss clinical implications of this line of research and how findings can be translated to guide policy that promotes the well-being of youth and families.
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Sebalo I, Königová MP, Sebalo Vňuková M, Anders M, Ptáček R. The Associations of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) With Substance Use in Young Adults: A Systematic Review. Subst Abuse 2023; 17:11782218231193914. [PMID: 38025908 PMCID: PMC10631312 DOI: 10.1177/11782218231193914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Young adulthood is a transitional period between adolescence and adulthood. Due to the unique pressures of taking on a new social role and associated uncertainties, young adults are at heightened risk for drug and alcohol use. Furthermore, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increases the likelihood of using maladaptive coping strategies such as using substances to avoid or soothe negative emotions. The current review aimed to summarize the associations between exposure to ACEs before the age of 18 years and subsequent drug or alcohol use between the ages of 18 and 25 years. Methods The review was performed in accordance with the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The literature search of the Web of Science, PubMed, and PsycINFO databases was conducted in February 2022. Results The initial search yielded 7178 articles, with 777 duplicates. Consequently, 6401 titles were inspected for relevance. After reading the full text, 88 articles were included in the review. Conclusion This review provides clear evidence that exposure to multiple ACEs is a robust risk factor for the use of alcohol, cannabis and other drugs by young adults. Poor self-regulation and maladaptive coping strategies were identified as mechanisms explaining this link; however, further detailed research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Sebalo
- Centre of Research and Education in Forensic Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Michaela Poslt Königová
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martina Sebalo Vňuková
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Anders
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Radek Ptáček
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
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Barnert ES, Schlichte LM, Tolliver DG, La Charite J, Biely C, Dudovitz R, Leifheit K, Russ S, Sastry N, Yama C, Slavich GM, Schickedanz A. Parents' Adverse and Positive Childhood Experiences and Offspring Involvement With the Criminal Legal System. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2339648. [PMID: 37878312 PMCID: PMC10600584 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.39648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Intergenerational cycles of adversity likely increase one's risk of criminal legal system involvement, yet associations with potential contributors, such as parents' adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and positive childhood experiences (PCEs), have not been explored. Objective To investigate the association of parents' ACEs and PCEs with their adult children's involvement in US legal systems, from arrest to conviction. Design, Setting, and Participants The study team analyzed data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), a nationally representative cohort study of families in the US. PSID-2013 survey data were merged with the 2014 PSID Childhood Retrospective Circumstances Study (CRCS), collected May 2014 to January 2015, which asked adults aged 18 to 97 years to retrospectively report on their childhood experiences. Parents and their adult children were linked in the data set. Data were analyzed from October 2022 to September 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures The child arrest outcome was regressed on parents' ACE and PCE scores using logistic regression models. In addition, multinomial logistic regression models were used to assess the associations of parents' ACE and PCE scores with the number of times their child was arrested and convicted. Results Of 12 985 eligible individuals, 8072 completed the CRCS. Among CRCS participants, there were 1854 eligible parent-child dyads (ie, parents and their adult children) that formed the analytic sample. The mean (SD) age of offspring at the time of CRCS completion was 38.5 (10.9) years, and 1076 offspring (51.3%) were female. Having 4 or more parental ACEs was associated with 1.91-fold (95% CI, 1.14-3.22) higher adjusted odds of arrest before age 26 and 3.22-fold (95% CI, 1.62-6.40) higher adjusted odds of conviction before age 26 years, compared with children of parents without ACEs. These associations persisted after controlling for parental PCEs. Conclusions and Relevance In this nationally representative study, children of parents with higher ACEs were at greater risk of arrest during adolescence and young adulthood, even after controlling for parents' PCEs. Addressing and preventing childhood adversity through multigenerational life course approaches may help disrupt intergenerational pathways to the criminal legal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S. Barnert
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lindsay M. Schlichte
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Destiny G. Tolliver
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jaime La Charite
- Department of General Internal Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christopher Biely
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rebecca Dudovitz
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kathryn Leifheit
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shirley Russ
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Narayan Sastry
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Cecile Yama
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - George M. Slavich
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Adam Schickedanz
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
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17
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Akintunde TY, Isangha SO, Iwuagwu AO, Adedeji A. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Subjective Well-Being of Migrants: Exploring the Role of Resilience and Gender Differences. GLOBAL SOCIAL WELFARE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40609-023-00310-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2024]
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18
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Beitz JM, Kennedy-Evans KL. Good Things Don't Always Come in Small Packages: Comprehensive Care of Patients With Class 3 Obesity: An Integrative Review. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 2023; 50:365-374. [PMID: 37713346 DOI: 10.1097/won.0000000000001010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The epidemic of obesity and morbid obesity is straining the American health care system's ability to provide quality patient care. Patients with Class 3 (also referred to as morbid or severe) obesity require specialized equipment, unique approaches in the delivery of care, and understanding of the biopsychosocial pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying their condition. This article defines Class 3 obesity, its pathophysiology, and discusses issues that arise when providing quality care of these individuals including safe patient handling, right-sized equipment, and empathetic interpersonal care. We also discuss skin and wound care issues associated with Class 3 obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice M Beitz
- Janice M. Beitz, PhD, RN, CS, CNOR, CWOCN-AP, MAPWCA, ANEF, WOCNF, FNAP, FAAN, School of Nursing-Camden, Rutgers University, Camden, New Jersey
- Karen Lou Kennedy-Evans, RN, APRN-BC, FNP, University of Arizona College of Nursing, Tucson, and K.L. Kennedy LLC, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Karen Lou Kennedy-Evans
- Janice M. Beitz, PhD, RN, CS, CNOR, CWOCN-AP, MAPWCA, ANEF, WOCNF, FNAP, FAAN, School of Nursing-Camden, Rutgers University, Camden, New Jersey
- Karen Lou Kennedy-Evans, RN, APRN-BC, FNP, University of Arizona College of Nursing, Tucson, and K.L. Kennedy LLC, Tucson, Arizona
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19
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Crandall A, Magnusson BM, Barlow MJ, Randall H, Policky AL, Hanson CL. Positive adult experiences as turning points for better adult mental health after childhood adversity. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1223953. [PMID: 37601196 PMCID: PMC10436205 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1223953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to examine whether positive adult experiences (PAEs) were associated with lower odds for anxiety and depression even in the presence of high adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) or low positive childhood experiences (PCEs). Methods The sample was comprised of 435 adults (48% female), ages 18-56 years and who were living in the United States. Participants completed a survey about their childhood experiences, PAEs, and mental health. A series of multiple logistic regression models were estimated in Stata 17 to examine the aims. Results Positive childhood experiences were associated with higher PAE scores, but ACEs did not significantly correlate with PAEs. Positive adult experiences were associated with lower odds of moderate-to-severe anxiety and depression, especially among those who had experienced high ACEs or low PCEs. Younger adults were more likely to experience a positive benefit from PAEs compared to adults 35 years and older. Conclusion Even when ACEs were high or PCEs were low, adults with high PAEs had lower odds for moderate-to-severe anxiety and/depression. Positive adult experiences may be an opportunity to turn the tide for individuals who experienced childhood adversity and/or low levels of support or connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- AliceAnn Crandall
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
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20
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Bryan RH, Beitz JM. Trauma-Informed Care: Positive and Adverse Childhood Experiences and WOC Nursing: An Integrative Review. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 2023; 50:276-284. [PMID: 37467405 DOI: 10.1097/won.0000000000000985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca H Bryan
- Rebecca Bryan, DNP, AGPCNP, APN, New Jersey Department of Children and Families, Trenton, and School of Nursing, Rutgers University-Camden, Camden, New Jersey
- Janice M. Beitz, PhD, RN, CS, CNOR, CWOCN-AP, CRNP, ANEF, FNAP, FAAN, School of Nursing, Rutgers University-Camden, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Janice M Beitz
- Rebecca Bryan, DNP, AGPCNP, APN, New Jersey Department of Children and Families, Trenton, and School of Nursing, Rutgers University-Camden, Camden, New Jersey
- Janice M. Beitz, PhD, RN, CS, CNOR, CWOCN-AP, CRNP, ANEF, FNAP, FAAN, School of Nursing, Rutgers University-Camden, Camden, New Jersey
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21
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Bunting L, McCartan C, Davidson G, Grant A, Mulholland C, Schubotz D, Hamill R, McBride O, Murphy J, Nolan E, Shevlin M. The influence of adverse and positive childhood experiences on young people's mental health and experiences of self-harm and suicidal ideation. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 140:106159. [PMID: 37028255 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined the interaction of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and positive childhood experiences (PCEs) with mental health outcomes in nationally representative European populations. OBJECTIVE The primary objective was to test models of resilience through investigating associations between ACEs and PCEs and young people's risk of common mood and anxiety disorders, self-harm and suicidal ideation. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Data were from the Northern Ireland Youth Wellbeing Survey (NIYWS), a stratified random probability household survey conducted between June 2019 and March 2020. Analysis is based on data from adolescents aged 11-19 years (n = 1299). METHOD Logistic regression was used to test the direct effects of ACEs and PCEs on mental health outcomes and the moderating effect of PCEs at different levels of ACE exposure. RESULTS Prevalence rates of mental health outcomes were: common mood and anxiety disorders (16 %); self-harm (10 %); suicidal ideation (12 %). ACEs and PCEs both independently predicted common mood and anxiety disorders, self-harm and suicidal ideation. Every additional ACE increased the likelihood of a common mood and anxiety disorder (81 %), self-harm (88 %) and suicidal ideation (88 %). Every additional PCE reduced common mood and anxiety disorders (14 %), self-harm (13 %) and suicidal ideation (7 %). There was no moderating effect of PCEs on ACEs and mental health outcomes. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that PCEs act largely independently of ACEs and that initiatives to increase PCEs can assist in the prevention of mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bunting
- Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - Claire McCartan
- Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Gavin Davidson
- Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Anne Grant
- Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Ciaran Mulholland
- Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Dirk Schubotz
- Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Ryan Hamill
- Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Orla McBride
- Ulster University, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Jamie Murphy
- Ulster University, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Emma Nolan
- Ulster University, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Mark Shevlin
- Ulster University, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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22
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Redican E, Rawers C, McElroy E, Hyland P, Karatzias T, Ben-Ezra M, Shevlin M. Development and initial validation of a short form of the Memories of Home and Family Scale. ADVERSITY AND RESILIENCE SCIENCE 2023; 4:1-10. [PMID: 37361561 PMCID: PMC10148702 DOI: 10.1007/s42844-023-00097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The Memories of Home and Family Scale (MHFS; Shevlin et al., 2022) was developed as a multidimensional measure of subjective memories of experiences at home and with family during childhood. Due to the length of the scale, a short version of the MHFS (MHFS-SF) has been developed. Data were from Wave 7 of the COVID-19 Psychological Research Consortium Study (C19PRC-UK), a population based UK survey (N = 1405). Two items with the highest factor loadings from each of the six dimensions of the original MHFS were selected for inclusion. Confirmatory factor analytic (CFA) models were estimated to test the dimensionality of the scale. Convergent and discriminant validity were tested by examining associations with criterion variables. CFA results supported the multidimensionality of the scale. MHFS-SF total and sub-scale scores were negatively correlated with measures of depression, anxiety, loneliness, and paranoia, and were positively correlated with wellbeing. Regression analyses revealed that MHFS-SF total and sub-scale scores significantly predicted loneliness, paranoia, and wellbeing, even after accounting for age, gender, and current internalising symptoms. Results from this study suggest that the MHFS-SF scores retain the excellent psychometric properties of the original scale while improving efficiency. The MHFS-SF demonstrated high levels of convergent and discriminant validity with mental health and wellbeing measures. Future research should seek to validate the MHFS-SF in different populations and assess its usefulness in clinical settings. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42844-023-00097-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enya Redican
- Ulster University, School of Psychology, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co, Londonderry, BT52 1SA UK
| | - Caitlyn Rawers
- Ulster University, School of Psychology, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co, Londonderry, BT52 1SA UK
| | - Eoin McElroy
- Ulster University, School of Psychology, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co, Londonderry, BT52 1SA UK
| | - Philip Hyland
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland
| | - Thanos Karatzias
- Edinburgh Napier University, School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Mark Shevlin
- Ulster University, School of Psychology, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co, Londonderry, BT52 1SA UK
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23
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COVID-19 Stress, Religious Affiliation, and Mental Health Outcomes Among Adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2023; 72:892-898. [PMID: 36809866 PMCID: PMC9938944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the relationship between religious affiliation, stressors due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and mental health challenges in a representative sample of adolescents. METHODS The sample was composed of 71,001 Utah adolescents who participated in a survey by the Utah Department of Health in 2021. Data are representative of all Utah adolescents in grades 6, 8, 10, and 12. Bootstrapped mediation was used to test indirect effects of religious affiliation on mental health challenges through COVID-19 stressors. RESULTS Religious affiliation was related to significantly lower rates of teen mental health challenges as measured by suicidal thoughts, suicide attempts, and depression. For religiously affiliated adolescents, the rate of considering and attempting suicide was nearly half of that of unaffiliated adolescents. In mediation analyses, affiliation was indirectly related to mental health challenges (suicide ideation, suicide attempt, and depression) through stressors from COVID-19, including affiliated adolescents experiencing the following: less anxiety, fewer family fights, fewer school difficulties, and fewer skipped meals. However, affiliation was positively related to becoming sick with COVID-19 (or having COVID-19 symptoms), which was related to more suicidal thoughts. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that adolescent religious affiliation may be a promotive factor that decreases mental health challenges through a reduction in COVID-19-related stressors, except religious individuals may be more likely to become sick. To increase positive mental health outcomes among adolescents during pandemic times, consistent and clear policies that facilitate religious connections that also align with good physical health measures will be critical.
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Woźniak-Prus M, Gambin M, Sękowski M, Cudo A, Pisula E, Kiepura-Nawrocka E, Boruszak-Kiziukiewicz J, Kmita G. Positive experiences in the parent-child relationship during the COVID-19 lockdown in Poland: The role of emotion regulation, empathy, parenting self-efficacy, and social support. FAMILY PROCESS 2023:e12856. [PMID: 36724769 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak being largely negative on parents and children, for some families, lockdown could also bring about some positive effects, for example, increased emotional closeness, and more time for joint activity. The aim of the current study was to investigate cross-sectionally the most important correlates of the positive experiences in the parent-child relationship among Polish mothers and fathers during the lockdown in the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak. In May 2020, 228 mothers and 231 fathers completed the Brief version of the Empathic Sensitivity Questionnaire, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale Short Form, Social Support Scale, Parenting Self-Agency Measure, and Scale of Positive Experiences in Parent-Child Relationship during the COVID-19 lockdown. Our results showed that parenting self-efficacy and social support were the strongest correlates of positive experiences in the parent-child relationship in both mothers and fathers during the lockdown. Perspective-taking was positively related to the positive experiences in mothers, whereas personal distress was positively associated with the positive experiences in the parent-child relationship in fathers. Our results point to factors of potential importance in designing preventive and therapeutic interventions for mothers and fathers to enhance positive experiences in the parent-child relationship during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcin Sękowski
- Institute of Psychology, The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Cudo
- Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Pisula
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Grażyna Kmita
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
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25
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Redican E, McBride O, Bunting L, Murphy J, Shevlin M. Prevalence and predictors of benevolent childhood experiences among a representative sample of young people. Br J Psychol 2023; 114:229-243. [PMID: 36351744 PMCID: PMC10100509 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Emerging research evidence suggests that benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs) may partly explain more favourable mental health outcomes among individuals affected by adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). However, much of this research has focused on adult populations. Consequently, this study sought to provide the first rigorous assessment of the prevalence and predictors of BCEs using a nationally representative sample of young people from Northern Ireland (NI). Participants were 11-19-years-olds (N = 1293) who participated in the NI Youth Wellbeing Prevalence Survey (NI-YWS, 2020). Prevalence rates, gender differences and predictors of BCEs were investigated. Results revealed how most of the sample experienced multiple BCEs (95%, n = 1084), with females reporting higher levels of BCEs. Significant positive predictors of BCEs were female gender, parental education, living with both biological parents, and living in areas with lower deprivation, while significant negative predictors of BCEs included family being in receipt of social welfare and older age. Overall, this study highlights how BCEs are common, while the identification of factors associated with likelihood of having positive experiences during early development provides novel insights into those young people who may be at greater risk for maladaptive psychological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Orla McBride
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | | | - Jamie Murphy
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Mark Shevlin
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
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26
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Almeida TC, Fernandes RM, Cunha O. The role of positive childhood experiences in the link between childhood maltreatment and affective lability in a sample of incarcerated men and women. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 135:105969. [PMID: 36436298 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with a history of child maltreatment (CM) tend to show high affective lability (AL) and criminal behavior. However, positive childhood experiences (PCEs) may act as a protective factor even in the presence of child maltreatment. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to analyze the relationship between CM, PCEs, and AL in adulthood, identify the predictors of AL and analyze the moderating role of PCEs in the relationship between CM and AL in a sample of 424 incarcerated men (n = 343) and women (n = 81), aged between 18 and 73 years (M = 37.88). METHODS Participants responded to an online protocol consisting of a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Benevolent Childhood Experiences Scale (BCEs), and the Affective Lability Scale - Short Version (ALS-18). RESULTS CM was positively associated with AL and negatively associated with PCEs, and PCEs are negatively associated with AL. Regression analyses, after controlling for age, sex, and education, confirmed the role of PCEs on AL, above and beyond CM. However, moderation analysis showed that PCEs did not moderate the relationship between CM and AL for either men or women. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the complexity of human development and behavior from early childhood into adulthood. Further studies are needed to better understand the role of PCEs in the relationship between ACEs and AL among inmates in order to develop more appropriate prevention and intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Catarina Almeida
- Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Caparica, Portugal; CiiEM - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, IUEM, Portugal; LabPSI - Laboratório de Psicologia Egas Moniz, IUEM, Portugal.
| | - Raquel Margarida Fernandes
- Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Caparica, Portugal; LabPSI - Laboratório de Psicologia Egas Moniz, IUEM, Portugal
| | - Olga Cunha
- Universidade Lusófona do Porto, Portugal; Hei-Lab, Portugal
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27
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Sun J, Jiang Y, Zilioli S, Xie M, Chen L, Lin D. Psychological and Physical Abuse and Cortisol Response to Stress: The Moderating Role of Psychosocial Resources. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:91-104. [PMID: 36370228 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01699-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Child abuse is associated with alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning. However, the unique effects of psychological and physical abuse and protective factors against these effects remain largely unknown. To close these gaps, the present study examined the unique effects of psychological and physical abuse on cortisol stress response and explored the moderating role of psychosocial resources in these associations among a sample of Chinese preadolescent children (N = 150; aged 9-13 years; Mage = 10.69 years; 51% boys). The results showed that both psychological and physical abuse were associated with blunted cortisol reactivity slopes. Psychological abuse, but not physical abuse, was associated with lower peak cortisol values and flatter cortisol recovery slopes. Further, psychosocial resources moderated the association between abuse and hyporesponsiveness of the HPA axis. The association between psychological abuse and lower peak cortisol values and the association between physical abuse and steeper cortisol recovery slopes (faster cortisol recovery following the stressor) were observed only among children with low levels of psychosocial resources. These findings indicate the differential effects of psychological and physical abuse on various phases of cortisol stress response, and the protective role of psychosocial resources. This study also has practical implications, given that preadolescence serves as a critical period for maximizing benefit of interventions of adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Sun
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Yanping Jiang
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Samuele Zilioli
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mingjun Xie
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Higher Education Research Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Danhua Lin
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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Novak A, Fagan AA. The conditioning effects of positive experiences on the ACEs-offending relationship in adolescence. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 134:105915. [PMID: 36228391 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research shows that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are problematic and may impact delinquency and arrest in adolescence. However, resiliency theories suggest the association between ACEs and delinquency/arrest may be mitigated by positive childhood experiences (PCEs). OBJECTIVE This study tests the hypothesis that an accumulation of PCEs ameliorates the relationship between ACEs and delinquency and arrest during adolescence. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Prospective data were collected from approximately 800 participants in the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN). METHODS Self-report data from 16-year-old participants were used to measure the two dependent variables: the number of delinquent acts committed and having at least one arrest in the past year. Count measures reflected the number of ACEs and PCEs, with the former based on reports from child protective services, caregivers, and youth collected from ages 4-12, and the latter based on self-reports at age 12. Negative binomial models analyzed delinquency outcomes, logistic regression models examined arrest, and interaction terms assessed moderating effects. RESULTS ACEs were associated with significantly more delinquent acts but not arrest, and PCEs were associated with significantly fewer delinquent acts but not arrest. PCEs significantly reduced the relationship between ACEs and delinquency but only for youth with moderate levels of ACEs. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate a need for additional research measuring the moderating effects of a variety of PCEs and to the need to enhance positive experiences for youth to prevent delinquency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Novak
- University of Mississippi, United States of America.
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Keane K, Evans RR. Exploring the Relationship Between Modifiable Protective Factors and Mental Health Issues Among Children Experiencing Adverse Childhood Experiences Using a Resilience Framework. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022; 15:987-998. [PMID: 36439658 PMCID: PMC9684361 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-022-00471-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine whether the National Scientific Council on the Developing Child (NSCDC) resilience framework statistically predicted whether a child with 4 or more adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) ever had a mental health issue. The study also explored which NSCDC modifiable resilience factors had the strongest relationship with mental health issues among children with 4 or more ACEs. Utilizing the 2019 National Survey of Children's Health, secondary data analysis was conducted using a sample of 1,225 children between 6 and 17 years old that had experienced 4 or more ACEs. Logistic regression examined whether the NSCDC framework was associated with a lower likelihood of mental health issues in school-aged children. Analysis found that the NSCDC framework predicted whether children with 4 or more ACEs ever had a mental health issue. Self-regulation had the strongest relationship with whether a child with 4 or more ACEs ever had a mental health issue. A supportive parent/caregiver relationship was also associated with a lower likelihood of ever having a mental health issue. The results demonstrate the promise of the NSCDC framework and modifiable protective factors to mitigate the impact of ACEs on mental health outcomes. Interventions that teach children skill-based self-regulation and parent/caregiver co-regulation while providing safe and supportive environments can build self-regulation to overcome ACEs. Promoting resilience-building parent-child relationships also have the potential to build resilience to mitigate ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Keane
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue South, NB 202, Birmingham, AL 35294-1210 USA
| | - Retta R. Evans
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1150 10th Avenue South, EEC 301C, Birmingham, AL 35294-1250 USA
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Craig JM, Wolff KT, Baglivio MT. Clustering of adverse and positive childhood experiences: The nature and correlates of risk and protective factors. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 134:105878. [PMID: 36115326 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the increased attention paid to the separate effects of cumulative stress and protection on offending, the extent to which distinct clusters of risk and protective factors exist and have unique effects on justice-related outcomes is under-studied. OBJECTIVE The current study examines for unique clustering of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) and Positive Childhood Experiences (PCE) and the extent to which they predict juvenile recidivism. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The sample consists of a cohort of youth adjudicated delinquent in Florida who received a community-based sanction. METHODS The study first utilized latent-class analysis to identify distinct classes based upon the youths' ACE and PCE exposures. Next, two sets of regression models were estimated; the first investigated correlates of class membership and the second assessed whether class membership predicted recidivism. RESULTS Seven distinct classes of ACE/PCE clusters were found, composing 9.9 % to 20.5 % of the sample each. Relative to the class with low ACE and low PCE, those with low ACEs and high PCE evidenced 27.5 % lower rearrest rates, as did the Moderate Risk/Moderate Protection group. CONCLUSIONS Not only do distinct groupings of ACE and PCE exposures exist, but these groups have different likelihoods of future offending, where a youth's cumulative protection appears to be more important than their risk level. This has important policy implications as it offers further support for the use of strength-based treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Craig
- Criminal Justice, University of North Texas, United States of America.
| | - Kevin T Wolff
- Criminal Justice, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, United States of America.
| | - Michael T Baglivio
- Research & Development, Youth Opportunity Investments, United States of America.
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31
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Novilla LK, Broadbent E, Leavitt B, Crandall A. Examining relationships between positive and adverse childhood experiences with physical and mental health indicators in a low-income adult sample. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 134:105902. [PMID: 36201942 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging research on positive and adverse childhood experiences (PCEs and ACEs) indicates that both may be important to adult health, but little is understood about the pathways through which childhood experiences affect adult health. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to 1) examine how shame may mediate the relationship between childhood experiences and health, and 2) whether PCEs moderated the relationship between ACEs, shame, and adult health. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The sample consisted of 206 low-income adults ages 18-55 who were living in a community in the Intermountain West. METHODS Participants were recruited at a local food bank and community center where various services for low-income residents were offered. Each participant completed a 15-20-minute survey. The data were analyzed using a structural equation modeling (SEM) framework. RESULTS Shame mediated the relationship between both ACEs and PCEs with depression in the expected direction. Among participants with low-to-moderate PCEs, ACEs were directly associated with shame and tobacco usage. Among participants with high PCEs, ACEs were not associated with shame, depression, nor stress, and the relationship between ACEs and tobacco usage was attenuated. CONCLUSION Shame may be an important pathway through which childhood experiences affect adult health. Additionally, promoting high levels of PCEs may mitigate the negative effects of early adversity on adult health.
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Yu Z, Wang L, Chen W, Zhang J, Bettencourt AF. Positive Childhood Experiences Associate with Adult Flourishing Amidst Adversity: A Cross Sectional Survey Study with a National Sample of Young Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14956. [PMID: 36429674 PMCID: PMC9690672 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of PCEs among young adults in Mainland China and the extent to which the cumulative number of PCEs moderates the associations between ACEs and flourishing in adulthood. Between August and November 2020, we used convenience and snowball sampling to recruit 9468 young adults, ages 18-35, enrolled in undergraduate or graduate programs at universities in Mainland China to participate in a survey, which included measures on flourishing, exposure to ACEs and PCEs, and demographic characteristics. Approximately 92% of participants reported experiencing seven to nine PCEs, with harmonious family relationships (96.9%), feeling supported by friends (96.8%) and being treated fairly at school (96.3%) being the most common PCEs reported. Results of the multiple regression indicated that the cumulative number of PCEs statistically significantly moderated the relation between the cumulative number of ACEs and flourishing (interaction term b = -0.060 [-0.071, -0.049], p < 0.001, adjusted R2 = 0.183); as the number of ACEs increased up through eight ACEs, decreases in flourishing were smaller among those with higher numbers of PCEs. PCEs are common among young adults from Mainland China and serve a potential buffering effect against exposure to ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Yu
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wenyi Chen
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Juan Zhang
- International Peace Maternity and Children Hospital of China Welfare Institution, Departments of Nursing, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Amie F. Bettencourt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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33
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Ronzón‐Tirado R, Redondo N, Muñoz‐Rivas MJ. Childhood maltreatment: The role of concurrent advantageous experiences on adolescents' psychosocial adjustment. Aggress Behav 2022; 48:595-607. [PMID: 35947768 PMCID: PMC9804907 DOI: 10.1002/ab.22048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite the growing body of evidence concerning the harmful effects of childhood maltreatment, intimate partner violence exposure (IPVE) and their correlates, little is currently known about the effects of co-occurring advantageous family conditions (e.g., instrumental support, inductive parenting, positive communication) and how they may serve to offset the detrimental effects of maltreatment and IPVE. The present study applied a three-step latent class analysis to identify the co-occurrence patterns of childhood maltreatment and advantageous family conditions among 1379 Spanish adolescents. The study also sought to identify the sociodemographic risk markers and psychosocial adjustment associated with each latent class membership. The analyses revealed four classes, namely (1) violent family context, (2) emotionally neglectful family context, (3) adverse and advantageous family conditions, and (4) positive family context. Having a lower socioeconomic status and being a migrant were both risk markers for membership to the violent family context as well as to the adverse and advantageous family conditions class. Adolescents who were exposed to advantageous family conditions (e.g., the positive family context or the adverse and advantageous family conditions) exhibited fewer psychosocial problems (e.g., depression, anxiety, somatisation) and lower frequencies of teen dating violence (TDV) when compared with those in the violent family context. Moreover, membership to the emotionally neglectful family context class was related to more psychological symptoms and a higher prevalence of TDV when compared with membership to the positive family context class, despite the absence of IPVE and maltreatment. Overall, the results provide evidence that advantageous family conditions contribute to better psychosocial adjustment on the part of adolescents even when exposed to IPV and maltreatment. Identifying the experiences that contribute to adolescents' psychosocial adjustment could help clinical and governmental interventions tailor their often-limited resources to children who are at greater risk of negative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Román Ronzón‐Tirado
- Department of Biological and Health PsychologyUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Natalia Redondo
- Department of Biological and Health PsychologyUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Marina J. Muñoz‐Rivas
- Department of Biological and Health PsychologyUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
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34
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Broadbent E, Miller JR, Cheung A, Rollins EM, Novilla LKB, Downing MS, Crandall A. Concurrent Childhood Experiences Impact Underage Substance Use. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2022; 27:605-614. [PMID: 33896222 DOI: 10.1177/10775595211012480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Adverse and advantageous childhood experiences (ACEs and counter-ACEs) during adolescence are understudied. This study examined how childhood experiences affect youth tobacco/alcohol use. Participants included 489 U.S. adolescents (baseline 10-13 years; 51% female) from the first five waves of the Flourishing Families Project. Results of the cross-lagged model showed ACEs were predictive of early tobacco use only. Counter-ACEs in wave two and wave three predicted, respectively, decreased tobacco and decreased alcohol use in the following wave. Counter-ACEs were also correlated with reduced alcohol and tobacco use in later waves. These findings indicate the salience of counter-ACEs over ACEs in persistent and late adolescent substance use, though ACEs may be important to consider to prevent very early initiation of tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Broadbent
- Department of Public Health, 6756Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Jacob Read Miller
- Department of Public Health, 6756Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Aaron Cheung
- Department of Public Health, 6756Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | | | | | | | - AliceAnn Crandall
- Department of Public Health, 6756Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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35
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Zhu N, Hawke LD, Sanches MR, Henderson J. The impact of child maltreatment on mental health and substance use trajectories among adolescents. Early Interv Psychiatry 2022; 17:394-403. [PMID: 35934743 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM There is robust evidence that child maltreatment is a significant risk factor and linked to negative psychological outcomes. However, few studies have examined the impact of child maltreatment on mental health and substance use trajectories across adolescence. METHODS Data were drawn from a larger longitudinal project, in which participants were recruited starting in grade 7-8 and followed on two more occasions biennially. The final baseline sample was comprised of 765 youth (Mage = 12.73, SD = 0.67, 49.7% female, 57.6% Caucasian/White). Multivariate multinomial logistic regressions were conducted to examine whether youth with maltreatment histories differed in their internalizing, externalizing, and substance use problems trajectories (based on previous studies) than youth without maltreatment histories. Moderation analyses using multinomial logistic regression were also conducted to examine perceived family support and school connectedness as protective factors against the impact of maltreatment. RESULTS Youth who experienced maltreatment were more likely to display more severe internalizing, externalizing, and substance use problem trajectories than youth without such histories. While not significant as moderators, perceived family support and school connectedness were significantly associated with each of the trajectories, with lower levels of perceived family support and school connectedness linked to more severe problem trajectories. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the ongoing and significant harmful impact of maltreatment among youth. Results also support further prevention and intervention efforts for child maltreatment, particularly at the family and school level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhu
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa D Hawke
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcos R Sanches
- Biostatistics Core, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joanna Henderson
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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36
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Guo S, O'Connor M, Mensah F, Olsson CA, Goldfeld S, Lacey RE, Slopen N, Thurber KA, Priest N. Measuring Positive Childhood Experiences: Testing the Structural and Predictive Validity of the Health Outcomes From Positive Experiences (HOPE) Framework. Acad Pediatr 2022; 22:942-951. [PMID: 34801761 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Positive childhood experiences (PCEs), that occur within secure and nurturing social environments, are fundamental to healthy physical, social-emotional, and cognitive development. However, reliable measures of these experiences are not yet widely available. We used data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC) to empirically represent and psychometrically evaluate 3 primary domains of PCEs defined within the Health Outcomes from Positive Experiences (HOPE) framework, specifically: 1) nurturing and supportive relationships; 2) safe and protective environments and; 3) constructive social engagement and connectedness. METHODS LSAC is a nationally representative cohort that has followed young Australians from birth since 2004. LSAC data were used to represent the 3 primary HOPE-PCEs domains (birth to 11 years) across 4 inter-related PCEs constructs: 1) positive parenting, 2) trusting and supportive relationships, 3) supportive neighborhood and home learning environments, and 4) social engagement and enjoyment. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the proposed 4-factor structure. Predictive validity was examined through associations with mental health problems and academic difficulties at 14 to 15 years. RESULTS The 4-factor structure was supported by empirical data at each time point. Higher exposure to PCEs across each domain was associated with lower reporting of mental health problems (β = -0.20 to -2.05) and academic difficulties (β = -0.01 to -0.13) in adolescence. CONCLUSIONS The 4 LSAC-based HOPE-PCEs have sufficient internal coherence and predictive validity to offer a potentially useful way of conceptualizing and measuring PCEs in future cohort studies and intervention trials aiming to enhance the understanding of, and mitigate the negative impacts of, adverse childhood experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaijun Guo
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital (S Guo, S Goldfeld, and N Priest), Melbourne, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne (S Guo, M O'Connor, F Mensah, and S Goldfeld), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Meredith O'Connor
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne (S Guo, M O'Connor, F Mensah, and S Goldfeld), Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne Children's LifeCourse Initiative, Murdoch Children's Research Institute (M O'Connor), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fiona Mensah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne (S Guo, M O'Connor, F Mensah, and S Goldfeld), Melbourne, Australia; Intergenerational Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute (F Mensah), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Craig A Olsson
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital (CA Olsson), Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University (CA Olsson), Geelong, Australia
| | - Sharon Goldfeld
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital (S Guo, S Goldfeld, and N Priest), Melbourne, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne (S Guo, M O'Connor, F Mensah, and S Goldfeld), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rebecca E Lacey
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London (RE Lacey), London, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Slopen
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health (N Slopen), Boston, Mass
| | - Katherine A Thurber
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University (KA Thurber), Canberra, Australia
| | - Naomi Priest
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital (S Guo, S Goldfeld, and N Priest), Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Social Research & Methods, The Australian National University (N Priest), Canberra, Australia.
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Farrell D, Fadeeva A, Zat Z, Knibbs L, Miller P, Barron I, Matthess H, Matthess C, Gazit N, Kiernan MD. A Stage 1 Pilot Cohort Exploring the Use of EMDR Therapy as a Videoconference Psychotherapy During COVID-19 With Frontline Mental Health Workers: A Proof of Concept Study Utilising a Virtual Blind 2 Therapist Protocol. Front Psychol 2022; 13:901855. [PMID: 35874361 PMCID: PMC9298740 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.901855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on the delivery of psychological treatment. Due to social distancing requirements, the provision moved to videoconferencing psychotherapy (VCP). There is a paucity of empirical data supporting the efficacy of EMDR therapy as a VCP. This stage 1 pilot study tested an EMDR therapy scripted protocol, such as Virtual Blind 2 Therapist (VB2Tr), on frontline mental health workers as a VCP regarding fitness for purpose, distinctiveness, relevance, and efficiency. Methods A total of 24 participants were recruited for the study. The design included a one-session treatment intervention with pre, post, 1-month, and 6-month follow-up (FU) measurements. This treatment session used a “Blind 2 Therapist” EMDR therapy scripted protocol as videoconference psychotherapy that involves non-disclosure of traumatic memory. The research explored the treatment effect on the core characteristics of trauma memory, including subjective disturbance, belief systems, memory intensity (MI), vividness, and levels of emotionality. Additionally, the research explored participants’ experiences of adverse and benevolent childhood experiences (ACEs/BCEs) during their childhood. Results Regarding the four tests, namely, fitness for purpose, distinctiveness, relevance, and efficiency, results are favourably suggesting potential clinical benefits of using EMDR as videoconference psychotherapy. Although this is a proof-of-concept study showing positive results, no clinical population or control group was used. The purpose of the study is to explore the potential for scalability toward a larger clinical trial. The treatment intervention was achieved irrespective of either ACEs/BCEs during childhood. Conclusion The research tentatively supports the case for EMDR therapy as a credible treatment when used as video conference psychotherapy and in using the Blind 2 Therapist protocol. However, more research is needed to scale toward a clinical trial. Clinical Trial Registration Clinical Trial Registration:https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN12099530, identifier ISRCTN12099530.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Farrell
- Department for Violence Prevention, Trauma and Criminology (VPTC), School of Psychology, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasia Fadeeva
- Northern Hub for Veteran and Military Families' Research, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Zeynep Zat
- Department for Violence Prevention, Trauma and Criminology (VPTC), School of Psychology, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine Knibbs
- Department for Violence Prevention, Trauma and Criminology (VPTC), School of Psychology, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Miller
- Mirabilis Health Institute, Newtownabbey, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Barron
- Centre for International Education, College of Education, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Helga Matthess
- Department for Violence Prevention, Trauma and Criminology (VPTC), School of Psychology, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | - Cordula Matthess
- Department for Violence Prevention, Trauma and Criminology (VPTC), School of Psychology, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Matthew D Kiernan
- Northern Hub for Veteran and Military Families' Research, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Cheung SP, Tu B, Huang C. Adverse Childhood Experiences, Mindfulness, and Grit in College Students in China. Front Psychol 2022; 13:891532. [PMID: 35712201 PMCID: PMC9195832 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.891532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of ACEs and COVID-19 on grit and whether this effect is mediated by mindfulness. Although current scholarship has found that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have harmful consequences to individuals across the life span, less is known about the relationship between ACEs and grit. Grit is predictive of educational success and subjective wellbeing. A cross-sectional online survey administered to junior and senior students from 12 universities spread across China was conducted from September 20, 2020 to October 5, 2020. The universities were selected from geographically diverse regions of China to ensure a diverse sample. We received 1,871 completed responses from 2,229 invited students. The survey response rate was 83.9%. The results indicated that ACEs had significantly negative effects on grit, while mindfulness had significantly positive effects on grit. Once controlling for level of mindfulness, the effects of ACEs on grit largely reduced and became insignificant. The findings of this research indicate that mindfulness has a significant mediational effect on the relation between ACEs and grit and call for mindfulness-based interventions for enhancing grit for the population at risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon P Cheung
- School of Social Work, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Bin Tu
- Guangdong Research Center for NPO, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chienchung Huang
- School of Social Work, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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Shevlin M, Redican E, McElroy E, Ben-Ezra M, Karatzias T, Hyland P. Measuring positive memories of home and family during childhood: The development and initial validation of the 'Memories of Home and Family Scale'. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-10. [PMID: 35756900 PMCID: PMC9205651 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03220-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There is a burgeoning evidence base highlighting the positive influence of benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs), even in the context of adversity. However, few measures are available to assess BCEs. The current study sought to develop and validate a measure which assesses positive recollections of experiences and emotions at home and with family during childhood called the 'Memories of Home and Family Scale'(MHFS). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed to test the latent structure of the preliminary MHFS item scores in a sample of university students from the United Kingdom (N = 624). Following selection of the best-fitting model and final items for inclusion in the scale, total and subscale scores were correlated with a range of mental health outcomes. CFA results indicated that the latent structure of the MHFS items was best represented by a correlated six-factor first-order model. The final MHFS demonstrated high levels of internal reliability and convergent validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Shevlin
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Enya Redican
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Eoin McElroy
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | | | - Thanos Karatzias
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Philip Hyland
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
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Burke CW, Wilens TE. Transitional-Age Youth With Substance Use Disorders. Psychiatr Ann 2022. [DOI: 10.3928/00485713-20220520-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Browne NT, Hodges EA, Small L, Snethen JA, Frenn M, Irving SY, Gance-Cleveland B, Greenberg CS. Childhood obesity within the lens of racism. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12878. [PMID: 34927392 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of research and a multitude of prevention and treatment efforts, childhood obesity in the United States continues to affect nearly 1 in 5 (19.3%) children, with significantly higher rates among Black, Indigenous, and People of Colour communities. This narrative review presents social foundations of structural racism that exacerbate inequity and disparity in the context of childhood obesity. The National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities' Research Framework guides the explication of structurally racist mechanisms that influence health disparities and contribute to childhood obesity: biologic and genetic, health behaviours, chronic toxic stress, the built environment, race and cultural identity, and the health care system. Strategies and interventions to combat structural racism and its effects on children and their families are reviewed along with strategies for research and implications for policy change. From our critical review and reflection, the subtle and overt effects of societal structures sustained from years of racism and the impact on the development and resistant nature of childhood obesity compel concerted action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric A Hodges
- UNC-Chapel Hill School of Nursing, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Leigh Small
- Michigan State University College of Nursing, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Julia A Snethen
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, College of Nursing, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Marilyn Frenn
- Marquette University College of Nursing, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sharon Y Irving
- Pediatric Nursing, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pediatric Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Cindy Smith Greenberg
- College of Health and Human Development, California State University, Fullerton, California, USA
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Qu G, Ma S, Liu H, Han T, Zhang H, Ding X, Sun L, Qin Q, Chen M, Sun Y. Positive childhood experiences can moderate the impact of adverse childhood experiences on adolescent depression and anxiety: Results from a cross-sectional survey. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 125:105511. [PMID: 35078091 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are common and have a wide range of impact on human physical and mental health. The role of positive childhood experiences (PCEs) and its interaction with ACEs on adolescent depression and anxiety are less known. METHODS A cross-sectional survey on Chinese primary and secondary school students was conducted to investigate information of ACEs, PCEs, depression, anxiety and demographic characteristics (n = 6363). Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between specific types and cumulative of PCEs and ACEs and risk of depression, anxiety and its comorbidity. Interaction analyses were conducted to determine the moderation role of PCEs on the impact of ACEs. RESULTS ACEs were positively correlated with the risk of depression and anxiety and there was a significant positive does-response relationship between cumulative ACEs exposure and risk of depression, anxiety and its comorbidity. PCEs were negatively associated with the risk of depression and anxiety and there was an inverse does-response relationship between cumulative PCEs exposure and risk of depression. Adolescents with low ACEs (<4 counts) and high PCEs (6-7 counts) exposure showed significant lower risk of depression and there were negative additive interactions between PCEs and ACEs exposure on risk of depression and the comorbidity of depression and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS PCEs can moderate the impact of ACEs on mental health of adolescents. Early and proactively promoting PCEs contributes to promoting well-being, especially for adolescents with ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbo Qu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shaodi Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Tiantian Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Huimei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xiuxiu Ding
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Fuyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.19, Zhongnan Avenue, Fuyang 400, Anhui, China
| | - Qirong Qin
- Ma'anshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.849, Jiangdong Avenue, Ma'anshan 243000, Anhui, China
| | - Mingchun Chen
- Changfeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changfeng, Anhui, China
| | - Yehuan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Center for Evidence-Based Practice, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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Lee RY, Oxford ML, Sonney J, Enquobahrie DA, Cato KD. The mediating role of anxiety/depression symptoms between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and somatic symptoms in adolescents. J Adolesc 2022; 94:133-147. [PMID: 35353421 PMCID: PMC9511877 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examines the relationships among recent adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), somatic symptoms, and anxiety/depression symptoms during adolescence and whether anxiety/depression symptoms mediate the relationship between ACEs and somatic symptoms. METHODS Longitudinal prospective data from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect study of 1354 children and their primary caregivers in the United States was used in this study. A longitudinal cross-lagged path analysis among recent ACEs, anxiety/depression symptoms, and somatic symptoms at three points during adolescence (ages 12, 14, and 16 years) was conducted. RESULTS The sample was 51% female and 53% African American. The results indicated significant concurrent associations between recent ACEs and increased anxiety/depression symptoms at ages 12, 14, and 16 (β = .27, p < .001; β = .15, p < .001; β = .07, p < .05) and between anxiety/depression symptoms and increased somatic symptoms at ages 12, 14, and 16 years (β = .44, p < .001; β = .39, p < .001; β = .49, p < .001). Moreover, anxiety/depression symptoms significantly mediated the relationship between recent ACEs and concurrent somatic symptoms at ages 12, 14, and 16 years (β = .12, p < .001; β = .06, p < .001; β = .04, p < .05). However, there was no significant relationship between recent ACEs and somatic symptoms. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that anxiety/depression symptoms mediate the concurrent relationships between recent ACEs and somatic symptoms at ages 12, 14, and 16. Clinicians should consider assessing anxiety/depression symptoms and possible concurrent exposure to ACEs when caring for adolescents who present with somatic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Y. Lee
- School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Monica L. Oxford
- Department of Child, Family, and Population Health Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jennifer Sonney
- Department of Child, Family, and Population Health Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Kenrick D. Cato
- School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York City, New York, USA
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Doom JR. Advantages of a Developmental Psychopathology Approach to Studying the Antecedents of Physical Health. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2022; 31:e2250. [PMID: 35330610 PMCID: PMC8939899 DOI: 10.1002/icd.2250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Although the field of developmental psychopathology has traditionally focused on mental health, there has been increasing interest in exploring how psychological and developmental factors are associated with physical health. I argue that the principles of developmental psychopathology may be particularly useful for understanding physical health across development. I discuss how researchers can apply the following developmental psychopathology principles to the study of physical health: 1) dimensional measurement of stress exposure, 2) the multifaceted nature of risk and resilience, 3) focus on processes and pathways, and 4) lifespan development and intergenerational effects. I provide several future directions and considerations for work in this area, many of which are consistent with the new goals of Infant and Child Development.
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Zhang C, Wang W, Pei Y, Zhang Y, He C, Wang J, Gao X, Hou H. Benevolent Childhood Experiences and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Undergraduates: A Moderated Mediation Model Examining the Roles of Uncertainty Stress and Family Relationship. Front Public Health 2021; 9:757466. [PMID: 34976921 PMCID: PMC8716588 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.757466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The evidence on the association between benevolent childhood experience (BCE) and depressive symptoms in students is complex. This study aims to explore the underlying mediation mechanism of BCE toward depressive symptoms and whether this link was moderated by the family relationship among Chinese undergraduates. Methods: From March 2021 to May 2021, a cross-sectional study was conducted in China, and 1821 undergraduates were recruited in this study. Participants were asked to complete a self-reported electronic questionnaire. The software SPSS PROCESS macro was used to test the mediation and mediated moderated modeling analysis. Results: Mediation analysis indicated that uncertainty stress (US) partly mediated the link between BCE and depressive symptoms (indirect effect = -0.47, 95% bootstrap CI = -0.55, -0.39). The indirect effect of the US accounted for 39.63% of the total variance in depression. Moderation analysis indicated that the association between the US and depressive symptoms was significantly modified by family relationships (interact effect = -0.019, P < 0.001). An integrative moderated mediation analysis indicated that the indirect effect from BCE to depressive symptoms through the US was also moderated by family relationships (interact effect = -0.012, P = 0.014). Conclusion: Uncertainty stress plays a key role in bridging BCE and depressive symptoms while the family relationship can buffer the impact of the US on depressive symptoms among Chinese undergraduates. Enhancing tolerance of uncertainty and improving family relationships are needed to protect undergraduates from depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyi Zhang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Second Clinical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Xuzhou Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Community and Health Education, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yifei Pei
- Department of Community and Health Education, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Community and Health Education, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chenlu He
- Department of Community and Health Education, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Community and Health Education, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiuyin Gao
- Department of Community and Health Education, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hao Hou
- Department of Community and Health Education, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Relationships among Early Adversity, Positive Human and Animal Interactions, and Mental Health in Young Adults. Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:bs11120178. [PMID: 34940113 PMCID: PMC8698849 DOI: 10.3390/bs11120178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with poor mental health. Emerging research demonstrates the protective role of positive childhood experiences, including a positive sense of self and relationships with both humans and animals, in mitigating the impacts of early life adversity on mental health outcomes. This study examined whether benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs) or relationships and interactions with pets during childhood moderated the link between ACEs and current mental health symptoms in a sample of young adults. Students (N = 214) recruited from a public university in the U.S. completed an online survey. The results showed that ACEs were significantly associated with worse mental health symptoms, including anxiety and depression. Neither emotional closeness to a childhood pet dog nor positive interactions with a childhood pet were significant moderators of the relationship between ACEs and mental health. In contrast, more BCEs were associated with better mental health, and their interaction with ACEs was significant such that adversity-exposed young adults with high BCEs reported fewer mental health symptoms than those with low BCEs. The results highlight the need for continued research on differential experiences that may be protective in the relationship between adversity exposures and mental health.
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Feasibility of Using Child Maltreatment Measurement Instruments in the Primary Care Setting: A Systematic Review. J Pediatr Nurs 2021; 61:e1-e14. [PMID: 33926746 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEM Child maltreatment is a devastating epidemic affecting millions of children and adolescents in the United States (U.S.) every year. Primary care providers (PCPs) encounter these victims but need resources to aid in the recognition of maltreatment. The purpose of this review is to evaluate child maltreatment measurement instruments and determine feasibility of use by U.S. PCPs. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycInfo databases from 2014 until 2020. Eligibility criteria included articles conducted in the U.S., with use of a child maltreatment measurement instrument, and subjects less than 18 years old. Eligible articles were reference searched to find the original studies for each instrument and were included if they were published in a peer-reviewed paper, could be located, and addressed the development or validation of the instrument. SAMPLE Of the 3816 articles, 111 used a child maltreatment measurement instrument. Sixteen of the 27 identified instruments were evaluated for feasibility using a quality rating with criteria including psychometrics, construct measurement, administration, availability, and cost. RESULTS Six instruments were recommended for use by PCPs. CONCLUSIONS This is the first review evaluating the use of child maltreatment measurement instruments by PCPs and it highlights the combination of psychometric evaluation and other pertinent feasibility criteria to recommend several instruments for use by PCPs. IMPLICATIONS Use of these instruments by PCPs may serve to identify children and families who are at risk for or suffering from maltreatment.
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Huang C, Chen Y, Cheung S, Hu H, Wang E. Adverse childhood experiences, mindfulness and happiness in Chinese college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. CHILD & FAMILY SOCIAL WORK 2021; 26:677-686. [PMID: 34220280 PMCID: PMC8239579 DOI: 10.1111/cfs.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The rise of literature on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) has indicated a strong relationship between ACEs and negative life outcomes, leading to important implications for services to the population. However, less is known about the effects of ACEs on happiness and the role of mindfulness in this relation. This study examined the relationships between ACEs and happiness and whether mindfulness mediated the effects of ACEs on happiness in a sample of Chinese college students. The data were collected from 1871 college students from 12 colleges across China in September 2020. The findings of this study show that ACEs had significant negative effects on students' happiness and that mindfulness helped to substantially reduce the negative effects of ACEs on happiness. Students who experienced emotional neglect and abuse in childhood were affected the most. By contrast, this group is not the primary focus of mindfulness-based interventions in existing literature; thus, this study calls for specific mindfulness-based interventions for this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yafan Chen
- School of Social WorkRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Shannon Cheung
- School of Social WorkRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Hongwei Hu
- School of Public Administration and PolicyRenmin University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Enjian Wang
- School of Humanities and Social SciencesNorth China Electric Power UniversityBaodingChina
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Crandall A, Magnusson BM, Hanson CL, Leavitt B. The effects of adverse and advantageous childhood experiences on adult health in a low-income sample. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2021; 220:103430. [PMID: 34662773 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have indicated the advantageous childhood experiences (counter-ACEs) may improve health in adulthood regardless of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) scores. However, these studies have primarily been conducted in low-risk communities, and little is known whether the results are similar in low-income settings. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ACEs and counter-ACEs on mental and physical health in a low-income sample. A secondary objective was to assess the effects of repeated and prolonged exposure to ACEs on later health. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The sample included 206 low-income adults living in the western United States who completed a survey about their childhood experiences and adult health. METHODS A series of logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the effects of ACEs and counter-ACEs on adult health. RESULTS Irrespective of ACEs, counter-ACEs were associated with lower odds of having two or more emotional and cognitive health problems and lower odds of suicidality in the past 12 months. When accounting for counter-ACEs, ACEs were associated with higher odds of having ever smoked and suicidality in the past 12 months, though these odds were attenuated compared to the unadjusted models. In the presence of repeated or prolonged ACEs exposure, counter-ACEs were associated with lower odds of having ever smoked and emotional and cognitive health problems. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that helping children develop healthy relationships within their family, community, and school may lead to improved health in adulthood even in the presence of poverty and childhood adversity.
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Wang D, Jiang Q, Yang Z, Choi JK. The longitudinal influences of adverse childhood experiences and positive childhood experiences at family, school, and neighborhood on adolescent depression and anxiety. J Affect Disord 2021; 292:542-551. [PMID: 34147966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent depression and anxiety are major mental health concerns. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are risk factors for depression and anxiety in adolescence and positive childhood experiences at home, school, and neighborhood are protective factors. Few studies, however, have compared the longitudinal effects of these two sets of contextual risk and protective factors on depression and anxiety among adolescents by framing them together. METHODS This study used data on a subsample of 3426 socioeconomically disadvantaged adolescents collected at their birth, ages one, three, five, nine, and fifteen. Logistic regression was used to examine the longitudinal effects of ACEs, focusing on childhood maltreatment and family dysfunctions, and positive childhood experiences with family, school, and neighborhood on the risks of depression and anxiety. Adolescents' characteristics and their families' socioeconomic status were adjusted. RESULTS In the two ACEs subcategories, childhood maltreatment exposures increased the risks only for later anxiety; family dysfunction increased the risks for both later depression and anxiety. In the three contexts, positive childhood experiences at family and school protected at-risk adolescents against both mental health concerns, whereas neighborhood collective efficacy protected adolescents only against depression. LIMITATIONS Resilience was examined as an outcome only; it can also be examined as a process. Neither teachers' nor grandparents' supports were included. CONCLUSIONS ACEs maltreatment and family dysfunction are two different risk dimensions for adolescent depression and anxiety. Positive childhood experiences at family are the strongest protective factors for children exposed to ACEs, followed by these in school and neighborhood. Early interventions building positive relationships may benefit adolescent mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Child, Youth, and Family Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska.
| | - Qingyu Jiang
- Department of Child, Youth, and Family Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Zhenqiao Yang
- Department of Child, Youth, and Family Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Jeong-Kyun Choi
- Department of Child, Youth, and Family Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
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