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Peng J, Chang W, Ran H, Fang D, Che Y, He Y, Liu S, Zheng G, Xiang Y, Lu J, Xiao Y. Childhood maltreatment associated suicidal risk in Chinese children and adolescents: a mediation of resilience. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2114. [PMID: 39103857 PMCID: PMC11299359 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19629-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing evidence suggests that children and adolescents who had experienced childhood maltreatment (CM) are at higher suicidal risk. However, the mediation role of resilience in this association remains unclear. We aim to investigate the mediation via resilience in the associations between CM and three suicidal risk indicators (suicidal ideation, SI; suicidal plan, SP; suicidal attempt, SA) among a large sample of Chinese children and adolescents. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in southwestern China Yunnan province. A total of 9723 children and adolescents were included and analyzed by using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling design. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to explore the associations between CM, resilience, and the three suicidal risk indicators, dose-response trends further elucidated by using the restricted cubic splines. Path models were adopted to estimate the mediation of resilience. RESULTS The estimated prevalence rates for one-year SI, SP and SA were 32.86% (95% CI: 31.93-33.80%), 19.36% (95% CI: 18.57-20.16%) and 9.07% (95% CI: 8.51-9.66%). After adjustment, CM significantly associated with all 3 suicidal risk indicators, and the odds ratios (ORs) were 2.13 (95% CI: 1.91-2.37), 2.45 (95% CI: 2.13-2.81), and 3.61 (95% CI: 2.90-4.52) for one-year SI, SP, and SA, respectively. Path models revealed that resilience significantly mediated the associations between CM and the three suicidal risk indicators, and among all dimensions of resilience, family support presented the strongest mediation consistently. CONCLUSIONS Our study results suggest that intervention measures which focusing on improving psychological resilience might be effective in reducing suicidal risk for children and adolescents who had experienced maltreatment. Prospective studies should be done to corroborate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Wei Chang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Hailiang Ran
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Die Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Yusan Che
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Yandie He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Shuqing Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Guiqing Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Yi Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Jin Lu
- Psychiatry Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Mental Health Institute of Yunnan, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
- Yunnan Clinical Research Center for Mental Health, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China.
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Cossette-Côté F, Daigneault I, Lecomte T, Francoeur A, Brassard A. Explaining the Association Between Childhood Maltreatment and Psychological Adjustment in Youth in a Romantic Relationship. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2023; 16:1119-1132. [PMID: 38045837 PMCID: PMC10689713 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-023-00562-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Flavie Cossette-Côté
- Psychology Department, Université de Montréal, 90 Vincent D’Indy Ave, Outremont, Montréal, QC H2V 2S9 Canada
| | - Isabelle Daigneault
- Psychology Department, Université de Montréal, 90 Vincent D’Indy Ave, Outremont, Montréal, QC H2V 2S9 Canada
| | - Tania Lecomte
- Psychology Department, Université de Montréal, 90 Vincent D’Indy Ave, Outremont, Montréal, QC H2V 2S9 Canada
| | - Audrey Francoeur
- Psychology Department, Université de Montréal, 90 Vincent D’Indy Ave, Outremont, Montréal, QC H2V 2S9 Canada
| | - Audrey Brassard
- Psychology Department, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500, boulevard de l’Université Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1 Canada
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Moorman J, Romano E. The experience of childhood sexual abuse: An exploratory description of psychological and adaptive functioning in Canadian men. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 145:106402. [PMID: 37603934 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) affects a number of men yet knowledge gaps remain around comprehensively describing psychological and adaptive outcomes for this population. OBJECTIVE Examine how a Canadian sample of men with and without CSA histories compares on broader areas of psychological and adaptive functioning. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING This exploratory study included 109 adult men aged 25-60 years who were grouped according to whether they experienced CSA (n = 69) or not (n = 40). Participants were recruited from Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. METHOD Using a multi-method approach, we conducted an exploratory and comprehensive examination of how CSA contributes to various areas of psychological (e.g., depression, anxiety, stress, dissociation, anger, PTSD) and adaptive functioning (e.g., friendship quality, employment) using self-report and clinician-administered measures. RESULTS CSA men were an average of 8.5 years old at abuse onset. Most (62.3 %) had disclosed their CSA experience, waiting an average of 13.6 years before disclosure. After controlling for covariates (i.e., other types of maltreatment, non-maltreatment adversities, education, income), results indicated a significant association between CSA and men's psychological functioning, but not their adaptive functioning. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the importance of broadening our understanding of how the experience of CSA, controlling for important covariates, can contribute to the well-being of men in order to better respond to their psychological needs.
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Liu X, Ji S, Jiang J, Chen C. Childhood Maltreatment and Life Satisfaction in Chinese Student Preschool Teachers: The Roles of Resilience and Social Support. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:438. [PMID: 36354415 PMCID: PMC9687336 DOI: 10.3390/bs12110438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Although some studies have explored the relationships between childhood maltreatment and life satisfaction, few studies have explored the pathways between those two variables in a sample of student preschool teachers. The current study, thus, attempts to explore the relationships between childhood maltreatment and life satisfaction in Chinese student preschool teachers and to examine the roles of resilience and social support in those relationships. A total of 1218 students majoring in early childhood education were recruited from three Chinese universities to attend this study. Self-reported questionnaires were used to collect data, and structural equation modeling was used to perform data analysis. Results showed that childhood maltreatment was negatively associated with life satisfaction in Chinese student preschool teachers; resilience and social support mediated those relationships. The findings suggest that childhood maltreatment not only has a direct relationship with life satisfaction, but also has an indirect relationship with life satisfaction via resilience and social support. Childhood maltreatment should be considered when enrolling student preschool teachers, and increasing levels of resilience and social support should be meaningful approaches when cultivating student preschool teachers who have experienced childhood maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Liu
- Center for Educational Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Shengkai Ji
- Pinghu Normal College, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314220, China
| | - Juan Jiang
- Department of Preschool Education, Liaoning National Normal College, Shenyang 11032, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Center for Educational Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
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Zhang H, Han T, Ma S, Qu G, Zhao T, Ding X, Sun L, Qin Q, Chen M, Sun Y. Association of child maltreatment and bullying victimization among Chinese adolescents: The mediating role of family function, resilience, and anxiety. J Affect Disord 2022; 299:12-21. [PMID: 34822918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among adolescents, child maltreatment is linked to being bullied at school. Nevertheless, little is known about the mediating mechanisms underlying this association. Therefore, our research aimed to explore and evaluate the potential mediators of the relationship between child maltreatment and bullying victimization among Chinese adolescents. METHODS From October to December 2020, a population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 6247 adolescents (3401 males, 2846 females) in Anhui Province, China. The subjects of the survey were elementary and middle school students from grades 4 to 9. The data were collected through self-report questionnaires. Pearson correlation and linear regression were used to examine the relationships among child maltreatment, bullying victimization, family function, resilience, and anxiety. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to conduct mediation analyses. RESULTS The results indicated that child maltreatment positively predicted the later bullying victimization of adolescents. Resilience and anxiety were each shown to separately mediate this relationship. Moreover, the sequential mediating effects of family function, resilience, and anxiety also mediated the predictive effect of child maltreatment on bullying victimization. CONCLUSIONS Resilience and anxiety were both shown to be important independent mediators for the relationship between child maltreatment and bullying victimization. Furthermore, the combined mediating effects of family function, resilience, and anxiety were also of great significance. These findings provide additional evidence that family and individual factors are critical to understanding bullying victimization. Effective prevention and intervention strategies for school bullying should target family and individual vulnerabilities in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Tiantian Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shaodi Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Tianming Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xiuxiu Ding
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Fuyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 19, Zhongnan Avenue, Fuyang 236000, Anhui, China
| | - Qirong Qin
- Ma'anshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 849, Jiangdong Avenue, Ma'anshan 243000, Anhui, China
| | - Mingchun Chen
- Changfeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changxin Road, Changfeng 231100, Anhui, China
| | - Yehuan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Center for Evidence-Based Practice, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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Daníelsdóttir HB, Aspelund T, Thordardottir EB, Fall K, Fang F, Tómasson G, Rúnarsdóttir H, Yang Q, Choi KW, Kennedy B, Halldorsdottir T, Lu D, Song H, Jakobsdóttir J, Hauksdóttir A, Valdimarsdóttir UA. Adverse childhood experiences and resilience among adult women: A population-based study. eLife 2022; 11:e71770. [PMID: 35101173 PMCID: PMC8806181 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have consistently been associated with elevated risk of multiple adverse health outcomes, yet their contribution to coping ability and psychiatric resilience in adulthood is unclear. Methods Cross-sectional data were derived from the ongoing Stress-And-Gene-Analysis cohort, representing 30% of the Icelandic nationwide female population, 18-69 years. Participants in the current study were 26,198 women with data on 13 ACEs measured with the ACE-International Questionnaire. Self-reported coping ability was measured with the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and psychiatric resilience was operationalized as absence of psychiatric morbidity. Generalized linear regression assuming normal or Poisson distribution were used to assess the associations of ACEs with coping ability and psychiatric resilience controlling for multiple confounders. Results Number of ACEs was inversely associated with adult resilience in a dose-dependent manner; every 1SD unit increase in ACE scores was associated with both lower levels of coping ability (β = -0.14; 95% CI-0.15,-0.13) and lower psychiatric resilience (β = -0.28; 95% CI-0.29,-0.27) in adulthood. Compared to women with 0 ACEs, women with ≥5 ACEs had 36% lower prevalence of high coping ability (PR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.59,0.70) and 58% lower prevalence of high psychiatric resilience (PR = 0.42; 95% CI 0.39,0.45). Specific ACEs including emotional neglect, bullying, sexual abuse and mental illness of household member were consistently associated with reduced adult resilience. We observed only slightly attenuated associations after controlling for adult socioeconomic factors and social support in adulthood. Conclusions Cumulative ACE exposure is associated with lower adult resilience among women, independent of adult socioeconomic factors and social support, indicating that adult resilience may be largely determined in childhood. Funding This work was supported by the European Research Council (Consolidator grant; UAV, grant number 726413), and the Icelandic Center for Research (Grant of excellence; UAV, grant number 163362-051). HBD was supported by a doctoral grant from the University of Iceland Research Fund.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Björk Daníelsdóttir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of IcelandReykjavíkIceland
- Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Thor Aspelund
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of IcelandReykjavíkIceland
| | | | - Katja Fall
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Fang Fang
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Gunnar Tómasson
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of IcelandReykjavíkIceland
| | - Harpa Rúnarsdóttir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of IcelandReykjavíkIceland
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Karmel W Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
| | - Beatrice Kennedy
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Thorhildur Halldorsdottir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of IcelandReykjavíkIceland
- Department of Psychology, Reykjavík UniversityReykjavikIceland
| | - Donghao Lu
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
| | - Huan Song
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jóhanna Jakobsdóttir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of IcelandReykjavíkIceland
| | - Arna Hauksdóttir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of IcelandReykjavíkIceland
| | - Unnur Anna Valdimarsdóttir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of IcelandReykjavíkIceland
- Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
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Yu M, Huang L, Mao J, Dna G, Luo S. Childhood Maltreatment, Automatic Negative Thoughts, and Resilience: The Protective Roles of Culture and Genes. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:349-370. [PMID: 32189557 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520912582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Resilience, a psychological trait conceptualized as the ability to recover from setbacks, can be weakened by childhood maltreatment, which comprises childhood abuse and childhood neglect. The current study aimed to investigate whether childhood maltreatment could increase automatic negative thoughts (ANT), thus weakening resilience. Furthermore, as psychological characteristics are commonly subject to the moderating effects of cultural context and biology, the study also explored whether and how cultural and genetic factors separately interact with childhood maltreatment to predict resilience. In study 1, the participants comprised 237 American and 347 Chinese individuals; study 2 included 428 genotyped Chinese individuals. We combined regression, mediation, moderation, and machine learning methods to test the mediating effect of ANT on the link between childhood maltreatment and resilience as well as the moderating roles of culture and genetics. Study 1 found that both childhood abuse and childhood neglect increased ANT and thus weakened resilience. In addition, the ANT-mediating effects of childhood neglect were stronger in American than Chinese participants. In Study 2, using the leave-one-out approach, we constructed two separate prediction models based on 22 and 16 important single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and we found that the interaction between childhood abuse/neglect and polygenic scores based on important SNPs could predict ANT. The mediating effects of ANT on the relationship between childhood abuse/neglect and resilience were significant for participants with low polygenic scores but not for those with high polygenic scores. In conclusion, both the cultural environment and individual genetic makeup moderated the mediating effects of ANT on the association between childhood maltreatment and resilience. These findings indicated the roles of culture and genetics in protecting against the adverse effects of childhood maltreatment on resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Yu
- Department of Psychology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Huang
- Department of Psychology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Mao
- Department of Psychology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gese Dna
- Beijing Gese Technology Co., Ltd., China
| | - Siyang Luo
- Department of Psychology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Gordon JB. The importance of child abuse and neglect in adult medicine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 211:173268. [PMID: 34499948 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The risk for adverse consequences and disease due to the trauma of child abuse or neglect is easily assessed using the self-administered modified ACEs questionnaire. Exposure to child maltreatment is endemic and common. At least one out of every ten USA adults has a significant history of childhood maltreatment. This is a review of the literature documenting that a past history of childhood abuse and neglect (CAN) makes substantial contributions to physical disease in adults, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, hypertension, stroke, kidney disease, hepatitis, obesity, diabetes, coronary artery disease, pelvic pain, endometriosis, chronic fatigue syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia, and auto immune diseases. Adults who have experienced child maltreatment have a shortened life expectancy. The contribution of CAN trauma to these many pathologies remains largely underappreciated and neglected compared to the attention given to the array of mental illnesses associated with child maltreatment. Specific pathophysiolologic pathways have yet to be defined. Clinical recognition of the impact of past CAN trauma will contribute to the healing process in any disease but identifying specific effective therapies based on this insight remains to be accomplished. Recommendations are made for managing these patients in the clinic. It is important to incorporate screening for CAN throughout adult medical practice now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeoffry B Gordon
- California Citizens Review Panel on Critical Incidents, 2225 Louella Ave., Venice, CA 90291, United States.
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Yoon S, Howell K, Dillard R, Shockley McCarthy K, Rae Napier T, Pei F. Resilience Following Child Maltreatment: Definitional Considerations and Developmental Variations. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2021; 22:541-559. [PMID: 31405362 DOI: 10.1177/1524838019869094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Resilience following childhood maltreatment has received substantial empirical attention, with the number of studies on this construct growing exponentially in the past decade. While there is ample interest, inconsistencies remain about how to conceptualize and assess resilience. Further, there is a lack of consensus on how developmental stage influences resilience and how protective factors affect its expression. The current systematic review uses a developmental lens to synthesize findings on resilience following child maltreatment. Specifically, this article consolidates the body of empirical literature in a developmentally oriented review, with the intention of inclusively assessing three key areas-the conceptualization of resilience, assessment of resilience, and factors associated with resilience in maltreatment research. A total of 67 peer-reviewed, quantitative empirical articles that examined child maltreatment and resilience were included in this review. Results indicate that some inconsistencies in the literature may be addressed by utilizing a developmental lens and considering the individual's life stage when selecting a definition of resilience and associated measurement tool. The findings also support developmental variations in factors associated with resilience, with different individual, relational, and community protective factors emerging based on life stage. Implications for practice, policy, and research are incorporated throughout this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Yoon
- College of Social Work, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kathryn Howell
- Department of Psychology, 5415The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Rebecca Dillard
- College of Social Work, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Taylor Rae Napier
- Department of Psychology, 5415The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Fei Pei
- College of Social Work, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Gower T, Rancher C, Campbell J, Mahoney A, Jackson M, McDonald R, Jouriles EN. Caregiver and divine support: Associations with resilience among adolescents following disclosure of sexual abuse. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 109:104681. [PMID: 32919169 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social support is believed to be important for fostering adolescent resilience following sexual abuse. Caregiver support is often examined as a source of support for adolescents, but divine support (support from God or a higher power) has received scant research attention. OBJECTIVE This study examines relations of caregiver support and divine support with resilience following adolescent sexual abuse. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Participants were 548 adolescents aged 11-17 (Mage = 13.78; 91% female) and their non-offending caregivers (Mage = 39.68; 79% mothers). Families were recruited from a children's advocacy center located in the southern United States following a disclosure of sexual abuse. METHODS Adolescents completed measures of caregiver and divine support and their social and academic functioning; caregivers and adolescents reported on adolescent psychological functioning. Resilience was operationalized as the absence of clinical levels of psychological symptoms together with the presence of adaptive levels of social and academic functioning. RESULTS Both caregiver support (r = .19, p < .001) and divine support (r = .14, p = .001) were positively associated with resilience. Considered together in regression analyses, caregiver support (OR = 1.02, p = .001) and divine support (OR = 1.06, p = .04) were both associated with resilience. CONCLUSION Clinicians and researchers should consider the potential contribution of caregiver and divine support to adolescent resilience following sexual abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia Gower
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, P.O. Box 442, Dallas, Texas 75275-0442, USA.
| | - Caitlin Rancher
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, P.O. Box 442, Dallas, Texas 75275-0442, USA
| | - Jeanine Campbell
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, P.O. Box 442, Dallas, Texas 75275-0442, USA
| | - Annette Mahoney
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, 822 E Merry St., Bowling Green, Ohio 43403-0232, USA
| | - Mindy Jackson
- Dallas Children's Advocacy Center, 5351 Samuell Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75228, USA
| | - Renee McDonald
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, P.O. Box 442, Dallas, Texas 75275-0442, USA
| | - Ernest N Jouriles
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, P.O. Box 442, Dallas, Texas 75275-0442, USA.
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Warner ET, Zhang Y, Gu Y, Taporoski TP, Pereira A, DeVivo I, Spence ND, Cozier Y, Palmer JR, Kanaya AM, Kandula NR, Cole SA, Tworoger S, Shields A. Physical and sexual abuse in childhood and adolescence and leukocyte telomere length: A pooled analysis of the study on psychosocial stress, spirituality, and health. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241363. [PMID: 33125425 PMCID: PMC7598522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction We examined whether abuse in childhood and/or adolescence was associated with shorter telomere length in a pooled analysis of 3,232 participants from five diverse cohorts. We also assessed whether religion or spirituality (R/S) could buffer deleterious effects of abuse. Methods Physical and sexual abuse in childhood (age <12) and adolescence (age 12–18) was assessed using the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale and questions from a 1995 Gallup survey. We measured relative leukocyte telomere lengths (RTL) using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. We used generalized estimating equations to assess associations of physical and sexual abuse with log-transformed RTL z-scores. Analyses were conducted in each cohort, overall, and stratified by extent of religiosity or spirituality and religious coping in adulthood. We pooled study‐specific estimates using random‐effects models and assessed between-study heterogeneity. Results Compared to no abuse, severe sexual abuse was associated with lower RTL z-scores, in childhood: -15.6%, 95% CI: -25.9, -4.9; p-trend = 0.04; p-heterogeneity = 0.58 and in adolescence: -16.5%, 95% CI: -28.1, -3.0; p-trend = 0.08; p-heterogeneity = 0.68. Sexual abuse experienced in both childhood and adolescence was associated with 11.3% lower RTL z-scores after adjustment for childhood and demographic covariates (95% CI: -20.5%, -2.0%; p-trend = 0.03; p-heterogeneity = 0.62). There was no evidence of effect modification by R/S. Physical abuse was not associated with telomere length. Conclusions Sexual abuse in childhood or adolescence was associated with a marker of accelerated biological aging, decreased telomere length. The lack of moderation by R/S may be due to inability to capture the appropriate time period for those beliefs and practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica T. Warner
- MGH/Harvard Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ying Zhang
- MGH/Harvard Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yue Gu
- MGH/Harvard Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tâmara P. Taporoski
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Medicine), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (Incor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Pereira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (Incor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Immaculata DeVivo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nicholas D. Spence
- MGH/Harvard Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yvette Cozier
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Julie R. Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alka M. Kanaya
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Califonia, United States of America
| | - Namratha R. Kandula
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Shelley A. Cole
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shelley Tworoger
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Shields
- MGH/Harvard Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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12
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What Do Adults Think About Their Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), and Does It Matter? Community Ment Health J 2020; 56:1255-1261. [PMID: 32065317 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-020-00580-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We examined the self-reported adulthood impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACE's), including both the amount (magnitude) and type (valence positive or negative) of impact reported, in order to characterize variability in impact ratings, as well as to quantify their predictive ability with respect to health outcomes. We descriptively characterized impact by type of event and analyzed associations between impact ratings and demographic characteristics of respondents to explore resilience. We also analyzed the relationships between impact ratings and health outcomes. We found that, while there was wide variability in impact ratings, emotional abuse was rated as the most impactful in magnitude, and sexual and emotional abuse were rated as the most negatively impactful in terms of valence. We further found that impact ratings are predictive of adult health outcomes above and beyond the experience of the events alone. We conclude that perceived impact is a potentially important variable to include when self-reported ACEs are assessed.
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Degli Esposti M, Pinto Pereira SM, Humphreys DK, Sale RD, Bowes L. Child maltreatment and the risk of antisocial behaviour: A population-based cohort study spanning 50 years. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 99:104281. [PMID: 31812893 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child maltreatment is associated with an increased risk of antisocial behaviour; however, whether this risk persists and remains stable across the life-course is undetermined. OBJECTIVE To examine associations between chid maltreatment and antisocial behaviour across the life-course. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The study used 50 years of longitudinal data from the 1958 British birth cohort (n = 8088) measuring child neglect (prospectively) and abuse (retrospectively) and antisocial behaviour from childhood-to-adulthood. METHODS Latent growth curve models analysed the longitudinal course of antisocial behaviour across childhood (7-16years) and adulthood (23-50years) as a function of child maltreatment. We used directed acyclic graphs to identify, and adjust for, potential confounders (biological, family, social). RESULTS Child maltreatment was associated with higher levels of antisocial behaviour at all seven timepoints across the life-course (7-50years). Antisocial behaviour was elevated during childhood and adulthood in individuals who were maltreated, independently of confounding factors. Individuals who experienced multiple types of maltreatment were at the greatest risk of antisocial behaviour. Each additional maltreatment type was associated with an increased risk during both childhood (B = 0.173; SE = 0.024; p < .001) and adulthood (B = 0.137; SE = 0.014; p < .001). There was limited evidence that child maltreatment was associated with within-person rates of change, indicating that the increased risk of antisocial behaviour did not change over time. CONCLUSIONS Child maltreatment is associated with an increased risk of antisocial behaviour, with a persistent and stable association remaining up to age 50. Our results highlight the burden of child maltreatment and the importance of providing long-term support for individuals who experience child maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David K Humphreys
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford UK
| | - Richard D Sale
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust UK
| | - Lucy Bowes
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford UK
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14
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Wright KA, Turanovic JJ, O'Neal EN, Morse SJ, Booth ET. The Cycle of Violence Revisited: Childhood Victimization, Resilience, and Future Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2019; 34:1261-1286. [PMID: 27229918 DOI: 10.1177/0886260516651090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The individual and social protective factors that help break the cycle of violence are examined. Specifically, this study investigates (a) the individual and social protective factors that reduce violent offending among previously victimized children, and (b) whether certain protective factors are more or less important depending on the type and frequency of childhood victimization experienced. Data on young adults from Wave III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health are used (N = 13,116). Negative binomial regression models are estimated to examine the protective factors that promote resiliency to violent offending among individuals who reported being physically and sexually victimized as children. Results indicate that a number of individual and social protective factors reduce violent offending in young adulthood. With a few exceptions, these factors are specific to the type, frequency, and comorbidity of abuse experienced. The results suggest a number of promising approaches to break the cycle of violence among previously victimized children. Future research should move beyond explaining the cycle of violence to examine how the cycle may be broken.
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15
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Melkman EP. Childhood adversity, social support networks and well-being among youth aging out of care: An exploratory study of mediation. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2017; 72:85-97. [PMID: 28780420 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The goals of the present study are to examine the relationship between childhood adversity and adult well-being among vulnerable young adults formerly placed in substitute care, and to investigate how characteristics of their social support networks mediate this association. A sample of 345 Israeli young adults (ages 18-25), who had aged out of foster or residential care, responded to standardized self-report questionnaires tapping their social support network characteristics (e.g., network size or adequacy) vis-à-vis several types of social support (emotional, practical, information and guidance), experiences of childhood adversity, and measures of well-being (psychological distress, loneliness, and life satisfaction). Structural equation modelling (SEM) provided support for the mediating role of social support in the relationship between early adversity and adult well-being. Although network size, frequency of contact with its members, satisfaction with support, and network adequacy, were all negatively related to early adversity, only network adequacy showed a major and consistent contribution to the various measures of well-being. While patterns were similar across the types of support, the effects of practical and guidance support were most substantial. The findings suggest that the detrimental long-term consequences of early adversity on adult well-being are related not only to impaired structural aspects of support (e.g., network size), but also to a decreased ability to recognize available support and mobilize it. Practical and guidance support, more than emotional support, seem to be of critical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eran P Melkman
- Rees Centre for Research on Fostering and Education, Department of Education, University of Oxford, 28 Norham Gardens, Oxford OX2 6PY, UK.
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16
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Cheung K, Taillieu T, Turner S, Fortier J, Sareen J, MacMillan HL, Boyle MH, Afifi TO. Relationship and community factors related to better mental health following child maltreatment among adolescents. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2017; 70:377-387. [PMID: 28750346 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Research on factors associated with good mental health following child maltreatment is often based on unrepresentative samples and focuses on individual-level factors. To address these gaps, the present study examined the association between relationship- and community-level factors and overall mental health status among adolescents with and without a history of maltreatment in a representative sample. Data were drawn from the National Comorbidity Survey of Adolescents (NCS-A; n=10,148; data collection 2001-2004); a large, cross-sectional, nationally representative sample of adolescents aged 13-17 years from the United States. Having supportive parent and family relationships were significantly associated with good mental health (AOR ranging from 2.1 to 7.1). Positive community and school experiences were also significantly associated with good mental health (AOR ranging from 2.0 to 9.8). In most models, support from friends and siblings was not related to better mental health. Factors to be tested for efficacy in interventions targeted to adolescents with a history of child maltreatment include encouraging supportive parent and family relationships, and fostering positive community and school experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristene Cheung
- Department of Psychology, P233 Duff Roblin Building, 190 Dysart Road, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Tamara Taillieu
- Applied Health Sciences Program, University of Manitoba, S109-750 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0W5, Canada.
| | - Sarah Turner
- Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, PZ-489 771 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3N4, Canada.
| | - Janique Fortier
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, S109-750 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0W5, Canada.
| | - Jitender Sareen
- Departments of Community Health Sciences, Psychology, and Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, PZ430 PsycHealth Centre, 771 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg Manitoba, R3E 3N4, Canada.
| | - Harriet L MacMillan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences and Pediatrics, Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, MIP Building, Suite 201A, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Michael H Boyle
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, MIP Suite 201A, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada.
| | - Tracie O Afifi
- Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, S113-750 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0W5, Canada.
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17
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Widom CS. Long-Term Impact of Childhood Abuse and Neglect on Crime and Violence. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/cpsp.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Voith LA, Topitzes J, Reynolds AJ. Violent Victimization Among Disadvantaged Young Adults Exposed to Early Family Conflict and Abuse: A 24-Year Prospective Study of the Victimization Cycle Across Gender. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2016; 31:767-85. [PMID: 27301843 PMCID: PMC5030773 DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-14-00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Significant associations between childhood victimization and later revictimization have materialized in previous literature; yet, the victimization cycle has been primarily explored with indicators of sexual assault, although insight into linkages between other forms of victimization remains limited. This study examined connections from family conflict exposure and physical abuse in childhood to violent crime victimization in adulthood, assessing also gender differences and neighborhood influences. Results from logistic regression and hierarchical linear modeling with data from the Chicago Longitudinal Study, a panel of 1,539 low-income, ethnic/racial minority children, unearthed a significant relation between family conflict exposure and later revictimization. Moderated by gender, these analyses showed girls exposed to frequent family conflict are particularly vulnerable to revictimization in adulthood. Exploratory analyses unveiled a potential linkage between childhood physical abuse and later revictimization for men. Neighborhood effects marginally influenced results in one instance. Public health implications are discussed.
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Ben-David V, Jonson-Reid M, Drake B, Kohl PL. The association between childhood maltreatment experiences and the onset of maltreatment perpetration in young adulthood controlling for proximal and distal risk factors. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2015; 46:132-41. [PMID: 25682732 PMCID: PMC4527934 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The evidence for association between child maltreatment victimization and later maltreatment perpetration is both scant and mixed. The objective of the present study was to assess the association between childhood maltreatment experiences and later perpetration of maltreatment in young adulthood controlling for proximal young adult functioning, prior youth risk behaviors, and childhood poverty. The study included 6,935 low-income children with (n=4,470) or without (n=2,465) maltreatment reports prior to age 18 followed from ages 1.5 through 11 years through early adulthood (ages 18-26). Administrative data from multiple regional and statewide agencies captured reports of maltreatment, family poverty and characteristics, system contact for health, behavioral risks and mental health in adolescence, and concurrent adult functioning (crime, mental health and poverty). After controlling for proximal adult functioning, repeated instances of neglect or mixed type maltreatment remained associated with young adult perpetration. Females and subjects with adolescent history of runaway, violent behaviors or non-violent delinquency also had higher risk. Greater caregiver education remained associated with reduced risk. The study concludes that prevention of recurrent neglect and mixed forms of maltreatment may reduce risk of maltreatment for future generations. Intervening to increase parental education and decrease adolescent risk behaviors may offer additional benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vered Ben-David
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1196, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Melissa Jonson-Reid
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1196, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Brett Drake
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1196, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Patricia L. Kohl
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1196, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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20
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Milaniak I, Widom CS. Does Child Abuse and Neglect Increase Risk for Perpetration of Violence Inside and Outside the Home? PSYCHOLOGY OF VIOLENCE 2015; 5:246-255. [PMID: 26191459 PMCID: PMC4504697 DOI: 10.1037/a0037956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the extent to which abused and neglected children perpetrate three different types of violence within and outside the home: criminal, child abuse, and intimate partner violence and determine whether childhood maltreatment leads to an increased risk for poly-violence perpetration. METHOD Using data from a prospective cohort design study, children (ages 0-11) with documented histories of physical and sexual abuse and/or neglect (n = 676) were matched with children without such histories (n = 520) and assessed in young adulthood (average age 29). Official criminal records in conjunction with self-report data were used to assess violent outcomes. RESULTS Compared to the control group, individuals with histories of child abuse and/or neglect were significantly more likely to be poly-violence perpetrators, perpetrating violence in all three domains (relative risk = 1.26). All forms of childhood maltreatment (physical and sexual abuse and neglect) significantly predicted poly-violence perpetration. CONCLUSIONS These findings expand the cycle of violence literature by combining the distinct literatures on criminal violence, child abuse, and partner violence to call attention to the phenomenon of poly-violence perpetration by maltreated children. Future research should examine the characteristics of maltreated children who become poly-violence perpetrators and mechanisms that lead to these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Milaniak
- Psychology Department, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, New York City, NY
| | - Cathy Spatz Widom
- Psychology Department, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, New York City, NY
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