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Pizzini S, Giubilato E, Morabito E, Barbaro E, Bonetto A, Calgaro L, Feltracco M, Semenzin E, Vecchiato M, Zangrando R, Gambaro A, Marcomini A. Contaminants of emerging concern in water and sediment of the Venice Lagoon, Italy. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 249:118401. [PMID: 38331156 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates for the first time the contamination of water and sediment of the Venice Lagoon by twenty Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs): three hormones, six pharmaceutical compounds (diclofenac and five antibiotics, three of which are macrolides), nine pesticides (methiocarb, oxadiazon, metaflumizone, triallate, and five neonicotinoids), one antioxidant (BHT), and one UV filter (EHMC). Water and sediment samples were collected in seven sites in four seasons, with the aim of investigating the occurrence, distribution, and possible emission sources of the selected CECs in the studied transitional environment. The most frequently detected contaminants in water were neonicotinoid insecticides (with a frequency of quantification of single contaminants ranging from 73% to 92%), and EHMC (detected in the 77% of samples), followed by BHT (42%), diclofenac (39%), and clarithromycin (35%). In sediment the highest quantification frequencies were those of BHT (54%), estrogens (ranging from 35% to 65%), and azithromycin (46%). Although this baseline study does not highlight seasonal or spatial trends, results suggested that two of the major emission sources of CECs in the Venice Lagoon could be tributary rivers from its drainage basin and treated wastewater, due to the limited removal rates of some CECs in WWTPs. These preliminary results call for further investigations to better map priority emission sources and improve the understanding of CECs environmental behavior, with the final aim of drawing up a site-specific Watch List of CECs for the Venice Lagoon and support the design of more comprehensive monitoring plans in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Pizzini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy; Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-IRBIM), Largo Fiera della Pesca, 2, 60125, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Elisa Giubilato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Elisa Morabito
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Alessandro Bonetto
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Loris Calgaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Matteo Feltracco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Elena Semenzin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Marco Vecchiato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Roberta Zangrando
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Antonio Marcomini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
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Drimaropoulou G, Christophoridis C, Zacharis CK, Fytianos K. Chemometric Optimization of SPE for the Determination of Multiclass Pesticides in Portable Water Samples by UHPLC-MS/MS. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2024; 112:48. [PMID: 38459992 PMCID: PMC10924705 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-024-03873-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed on the development of a SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of pesticide residues in drinking water samples. A chemometric approach was applied to optimize the efficiency of the SPE pretreatment procedure. This study involved (i) the application of a Full Factorial Design for the screening of the significant factors, (ii) the application of a Central Composite Design for the determination of the optimal conditions and (iii) the evaluation and validation of the significance of the statistically proposed models. Oasis HLB cartridges were used for the extraction. The optimum sample volume was 300 mL and the elution solvent 3 mL of the mixture of methanol:ethylacetate 70:30 v/v. The method was validated according to the international guidelines. Recoveries were ranged from 63 to 116% and the detection limits were between 0.1 and 1.5 pg mL- 1. The validated method could be used in routine analysis for pesticides screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garyfallia Drimaropoulou
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Christophoros Christophoridis
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Constantinos K Zacharis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Fytianos
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.
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Chen J, Zhang J, Wang C, Wang P, Gao H, Zhang B, Feng B. Nitrate input inhibited the biodegradation of erythromycin through affecting bacterial network modules and keystone species in lake sediments. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 355:120530. [PMID: 38452622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic contamination and excessive nitrate loads are generally concurrent in aquatic ecosystems. However, little is known about the effects of nitrate input on the biodegradation of antibiotics. In this study, the effects of nitrate input on microbial degradation of erythromycin, a typical macrolide antibiotic widely detected in lake sediments, were investigated. The results showed that the nitrate input significantly inhibited the erythromycin removal and such an inhibitory effect was strengthened with the increased input dosages. Nitrate input significantly increased sediment nitrite concentration, indicating enhanced denitrification under high nitrate pressure. Bacterial network module and keystone species analysis showed that nitrate input enriched the keystone species involved in denitrification (e.g., Simplicispira and Denitratisoma). In contrast, some potential erythromycin-degrading bacteria (e.g., Desulfatiglandales, Pseudomonadales, Nitrospira) were inhibited by nitrate input. The variations in dominant bacterial groups implied competition between denitrification and erythromycin degradation in response to nitrate input. Based on the partial least squares path modeling analysis, keystone species (total effect: 0.419) and bacterial module (total effect: 0.403) showed strong association with erythromycin removal percentage. This indicated that the inhibitory effect of nitrate input on erythromycin degradation was mainly explained by bacterial network modules and keystone species. These findings will help us to assess the bioremediation potential of antibiotic-contaminated sediments suffering from excessive nitrogen discharge concurrently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Department on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Department on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Department on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Department on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Han Gao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Department on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Department on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Bingbing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Department on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China
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Glineur A, Nott K, Carbonnelle P, Ronkart S, Pollet T, Purcaro G. Occurrence and environmental risk assessment of 4 estrogenic compounds in surface water in Belgium in the frame of the EU Watch List. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:6857-6873. [PMID: 38153577 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31698-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The presence of natural estrogens estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3) and synthetic estrogen 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) in the aquatic environment has raised concerns because of their high potency as endocrine disrupting chemicals. The European Commission (EC) established a Watch List of contaminants of emerging concerns including E1, E2 and EE2. The proposed environmental quality standards (EQSs) are 3.6, 0.4, 0.035 ng/L, for E1, E2, EE2, respectively. A thorough evaluation of analytical procedures developed by several studies aiming to perform sampling campaigns in different European countries highlighted that the required limits of quantification in surface water were not reached, especially for EE2 and to a lesser extent for E2. Moreover, data regarding the occurrence of these contaminants in Belgian surface water are very limited. A sampling campaign was therefore performed on a wide range of rivers in Belgium (accounting for a total of 63 samples). The detection frequencies of E1, E2, E3 and EE2 were 100, 98, 86 and 48%, respectively. E1 showed the highest mean concentration (= 4.433 ng/L). In contrast, the mean concentration of EE2 was 0.042 ng/L. The risk quotients (RQs) were calculated based on the respective EQS of each analyte. The frequency of exceedance of the EQS was 31.7% for E1, EE2, while it increased to 44.4% for E2. The extent of exceedance of the EQS, represented by the 95th percentile of the RQ dataset, was higher than 1 for E1, E2, EE2. The use of a confusion matrix was investigated to try to predict the risk posed by E2, EE2, based on the concentration of E1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Glineur
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Bât. G1 Chimie Des Agro-Biosystèmes, Passage Des Déportés 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Katherine Nott
- La Société Wallonne Des Eaux, Rue de La Concorde 41, 4800, Verviers, Belgium
| | | | - Sébastien Ronkart
- La Société Wallonne Des Eaux, Rue de La Concorde 41, 4800, Verviers, Belgium
| | - Thomas Pollet
- Biodiversity and Landscape, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Avenue Maréchal Juin 27, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Giorgia Purcaro
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Bât. G1 Chimie Des Agro-Biosystèmes, Passage Des Déportés 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
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Fernández-Fernández V, Ramil M, Cela R, Rodríguez I. Occurrence and risk assessment of pesticides and pharmaceuticals in viticulture impacted watersheds from Northwest Spain. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140098. [PMID: 37683952 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
An automated analytical methodology was developed, validated and applied to monitor 73 organic pollutants (pesticides and pharmaceuticals) in surface and groundwater samples obtained in watersheds from an intensive viticulture, rural region, in the Northwest of Spain. Filtered samples were concentrated using a reusable solid-phase extraction sorbent, on-line combined with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The analytical procedure achieved limits of quantification between 1 ng L-1 and 10 ng L-1, with a throughput of 2 samples hour-1, providing accurate recoveries for more than 90% of the 73 selected compounds, using calibration solutions prepared in ultrapure water (in presence of methanol and formic acid) as neat solvent. The distribution and the concentrations of pesticides in small streams impacted by discharges of treated municipal wastewaters were different in rural and residential areas. On the other hand, pharmaceuticals showed a similar distribution in both streams. In surface waters from viticulture impacted watersheds, with a limited influence of municipal wastewaters, pulses of pesticides were noticed, with values above 100 ng L-1 for several fungicides. Cardiovascular pharmaceuticals, psychiatric drugs and/or their transformation products were also ubiquitous in these samples, with low, but relatively stable concentrations among sampling campaigns. Within the suite of investigated compounds, maximum pesticide residues remained below their predicted-non effect concentration (PNEC) in all samples. On the other hand, the environmental concentrations of the cardiovascular drug olmesartan stayed systematically above its PNEC in fresh water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Fernández-Fernández
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IAQBUS - Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, R/Constantino Candeira SN, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Ramil
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IAQBUS - Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, R/Constantino Candeira SN, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - R Cela
- Mestrelab Research Center (CIM), Av. Barcelona 7, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - I Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IAQBUS - Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, R/Constantino Candeira SN, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Hernández F, Fabregat-Safont D, Campos-Mañas M, Quintana JB. Efficient Validation Strategies in Environmental Analytical Chemistry: A Focus on Organic Micropollutants in Water Samples. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2023; 16:401-428. [PMID: 37068748 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091222-112115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This article critically reviews analytical method validation and quality control applied to the environmental chemistry field. The review focuses on the determination of organic micropollutants (OMPs), specifically emerging contaminants and pesticides, in the aquatic environment. The analytical technique considered is (gas and liquid) chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (MS), including high-resolution MS for wide-scope screening purposes. An analysis of current research practices outlined in the literature has been performed, and key issues and analytical challenges are identified and critically discussed. It is worth emphasizing the lack of specific guidelines applied to environmental analytical chemistry and the minimal regulation of OMPs in waters, which greatly affect method development and performance, requirements for method validation, and the subsequent application to samples. Finally, a proposal is made for method validation and data reporting, which can be understood as starting points for further discussion with specialists in environmental analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Hernández
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castellón, Spain;
| | - David Fabregat-Safont
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castellón, Spain;
- Applied Metabolomics Research Laboratory, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Campos-Mañas
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castellón, Spain;
| | - José Benito Quintana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis (IAQBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Munné A, Solà C, Ejarque E, Sanchís J, Serra P, Corbella I, Aceves M, Galofré B, Boleda MR, Paraira M, Molist J. Indirect potable water reuse to face drought events in Barcelona city. Setting a monitoring procedure to protect aquatic ecosystems and to ensure a safe drinking water supply. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 866:161339. [PMID: 36603611 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The climate change and increasing anthropogenic pressures are expected to limit the availability of water resources. Hence, active measures must be planned in vulnerable regions to ensure a sustainable water supply and minimize environmental impacts. A pilot test was carried out in the Llobregat River (NE Spain) aiming to provide a useful procedure to cope with severe droughts through indirect water reuse. Reclaimed water was used to restore the minimum flow of the lower Llobregat River, ensuring a suitable water supply downstream for Barcelona. A monitoring was performed to assess chemical and microbiological threats throughout the water treatment train, the river and the final drinking water, including 376 micropollutants and common microbiological indicators. The effects of water disinfection were studied by chlorinating reclaimed water prior to its discharge into the river. Data showed that 10 micropollutants (bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, chloroform, EDDP, diclofenac, iopamidol, ioprimid, lamotrigine, ofloxacin and valsartan) posed a potential risk to aquatic life, whereas one solvent (1,4-dioxane) could affect human health. The chlorination of reclaimed water mitigated the occurrence of pharmaceuticals but, conversely, the concentration of halogenated disinfection by-products increased. From a microbiological perspective, the microbial load decreased along wastewater treatments and, later, along drinking water treatment, ultimately reaching undetectable values in final potable water. Non-chlorinated reclaimed water showed a lower log reduction of E. coli and coliphages than chlorinated water. However, the effect of disinfection vanished once reclaimed water was discharged into the river, as the basal concentration of microorganisms in the Llobregat River was comparable to that of non-chlorinated reclaimed water. Overall, our study indicates that indirect water reuse can be a valid alternative source of drinking water in densely populated areas such as Barcelona (Catalonia - NE Spain). A suitable monitoring procedure is presented to assess the related risks to human health and the aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Munné
- Catalan Water Agency, c/ Provença 260, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carolina Solà
- Catalan Water Agency, c/ Provença 260, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Josep Sanchís
- Catalan Water Agency, c/ Provença 260, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Serra
- Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Roc Boronat 81, 08182 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Corbella
- Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Roc Boronat 81, 08182 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Aceves
- Barcelona Metropolitan Area, C/62, 18, Zona Franca, 08040 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belen Galofré
- Aigües de Barcelona, General Batet 1-7, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Rosa Boleda
- Aigües de Barcelona, General Batet 1-7, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Paraira
- Aigües de Barcelona, General Batet 1-7, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Molist
- Catalan Water Agency, c/ Provença 260, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Wang Y, Guo J, Jia X, Luo X, Zhou Y, Mao X, Fan X, Hu H, Zhu H, Jia C, Guo X, Cheng L, Li X, Zhang Z. Genome and transcriptome of Chinese medaka (Oryzias sinensis) and its uses as a model fish for evaluating estrogenicity of surface water. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120724. [PMID: 36427818 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ecological toxicity assessments of contaminants in aquatic environments are of great concern. However, a dilemma in ecological toxicity assessments often arises when linking the effects found in model animals in the laboratory and the phenomena observed in wild fishes in the field due to species differences. Chinese medaka (Oryzias sinensis), widely distributed in East Asia, is a satisfactory model animal to assess aquatic environment in China. Here, we domesticated this species and assembled its genome (814 Mb) using next-generation sequencing (NGS). A total of 21,922 high-confidence genes with 41,306 transcripts were obtained and annotated, and their expression patterns in tissues were determined by RNA-sequencing. Six mostly sensitive biomarker genes, including vtg1, vtg3, vtg6, zp3a.2, zp2l1, and zp2.3 to estrogen exposure were screened and validated in the fish exposed to concentrations of estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3) under laboratory condition. Field investigations were then performed to evaluating the gene expression of biomarkers in wild Chinese medaka and levels of E1, E2, and E3 in the fish habitats. It was found that in 40 sampling sites, the biomarker genes were obviously highly expressed in the wild fish from about half sites, and the detection frequencies of E1, E2, and E3, were 97.5%, 42.5%, and 45% with mean concentrations of 82.48, 43.17, 52.69 ng/L, respectively. Correlation analyses of the biomarker gene expressions in the fish with the estrogens levels which were converted to EEQs showed good correlation, indicating that the environmental estrogens and estrogenicity of the surface water might adversely affect wild fishes. Finally, histologic examination of gonads in male wild Chinese medaka was performed and found the presence of intersex in the fish. This study facilitated the uses of Chinese medaka as a model animal for ecotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jilong Guo
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaojing Jia
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaozhe Luo
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xingtai Mao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaolin Fan
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hongxia Hu
- Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Chengxia Jia
- Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Xuan Guo
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lan Cheng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiqing Li
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhaobin Zhang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Steinhaeuser L, Westphalen T, Kaminski K, Piechotta C. Evaluation, comparison and combination of molecularly imprinted polymer solid phase extraction and classical solid phase extraction for the preconcentration of endocrine disrupting chemicals from representative whole water samples. TALANTA OPEN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2022.100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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10
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Vaudreuil MA, Vo Duy S, Munoz G, Sauvé S. Pharmaceutical pollution of hospital effluents and municipal wastewaters of Eastern Canada. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157353. [PMID: 35842153 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of drugs residues in wastewaters of different sources could help better understand contamination pathways, eventually leading to effluent regulation. However, limited data are available for hospital-derived wastewaters. Here, an analytical method based on automated on-line solid-phase extraction liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (on-line SPE - UPLC-MS/MS) was developed for the quantification of multi-class pharmaceuticals in wastewaters. Filtrate phase and suspended solids (SPM) were both considered to evaluate the distribution of targeted analytes. Experimental design optimization involved testing different chromatographic columns, on-line SPE columns, and loading conditions for the filtrate phase, and different organic solvents and cleanup strategies for suspended solids. The selected methods were validated with suitable limits of detection, recovery, accuracy, and precision. A total of 30 hospital effluents and 6 wastewater treatment plants were sampled to evaluate concentrations in real field-collected samples. Certain pharmaceuticals were quantified at high levels such as caffeine at 670,000 ng/L in hospital wastewaters and hydroxyibuprofen at 49,000 ng/L in WWTP influents. SPM samples also had high contaminant concentrations such as ibuprofen at 31,000 ng/g in hospital effluents, fluoxetine at 529 ng/g in WWTP influents or clarithromycin at 295 ng/g in WWTP effluents. Distribution coefficients (Kd) and particle-associated fractions (Φ) indicate that pharmaceuticals tend to have better affinity to suspended solids in hospital wastewater than in municipal wastewaters. The results also bring arguments for at source treatment of these specific effluents before their introduction into urban wastewater systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sung Vo Duy
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Gabriel Munoz
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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11
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From monitoring to treatment, how to improve water quality: The pharmaceuticals case. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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12
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Lopez FJ, Pitarch E, Botero-Coy AM, Fabregat-Safont D, Ibáñez M, Marin JM, Peruga A, Ontañón N, Martínez-Morcillo S, Olalla A, Valcárcel Y, Varó I, Hernández F. Removal efficiency for emerging contaminants in a WWTP from Madrid (Spain) after secondary and tertiary treatment and environmental impact on the Manzanares River. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:152567. [PMID: 34952067 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) can be an important contamination source for receiving waters. In this work, a comprehensive study on the impact of a WWTP from Madrid on the aquatic environment has been performed, including a wide number of pharmaceuticals and pesticides, among them those included in the European Watch List. 24-h composite samples of influent (IWW) and effluent wastewater after secondary (EWW2) and after secondary + tertiary treatment (EWW3) were monitored along two campaigns. Average weekly concentrations in IWW and EWW2 and EWW3 allowed estimating the removal efficiency of the WWTP for pharmaceutical active substances (PhACs). In addition, the impact of EWW3 on the water quality of the Manzanares River was assessed, in terms of PhAC and pesticide concentrations, through analysis of the river water collected upstream and downstream of the discharge point. After a preliminary risk assessment, a detailed evaluation of the impact on the aquatic environment, including a toxicological study and screening of pharmaceutical metabolites, was made for the seven most relevant PhACs: sulfamethoxazole, azithromycin and clarithromycin (antibiotics), metoprolol (antihypertensive), diclofenac (anti-inflammatory/analgesic), irbesartan (antihypertensive), and the antidepressant venlafaxine. Among selected PhACs, irbesartan, clarithromycin and venlafaxine presented moderate or high risk in the river water downstream of the discharge. Albeit no acute toxicity was detected, more detailed studies should be carried out for these substances, including additional toxicological studies, to set up potential sublethal and chronic effects on aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Lopez
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - E Pitarch
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - A M Botero-Coy
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - D Fabregat-Safont
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - M Ibáñez
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - J M Marin
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - A Peruga
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - N Ontañón
- Drace Infraestructuras S.A, Av. del Camino de Santiago, 50, 28050 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Martínez-Morcillo
- Group of Risks for the Environmental and Public Health (RiSAMA), Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933, Mostoles, Madrid, Spain; Medical Specialties and Public Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Olalla
- Group of Risks for the Environmental and Public Health (RiSAMA), Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933, Mostoles, Madrid, Spain; Medical Specialties and Public Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Y Valcárcel
- Group of Risks for the Environmental and Public Health (RiSAMA), Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933, Mostoles, Madrid, Spain; Medical Specialties and Public Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Varó
- Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, Higher Council for Scientific Research (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castelló, Spain; Research Unit of Marine Ecotoxicology (IATS-IUPA), Ribera de Cabanes, S/N, 12595, Cabanes, Castelló, Spain
| | - F Hernández
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castelló, Spain.
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13
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Zheng M, Tang S, Bao Y, Daniels KD, How ZT, El-Din MG, Wang J, Tang L. Fully-automated SPE coupled to UHPLC-MS/MS method for multiresidue analysis of 26 trace antibiotics in environmental waters: SPE optimization and method validation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:16973-16987. [PMID: 34657257 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15947-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Achieving simultaneous determination of antibiotic multiresidues in environmental waters by solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) with detection limits ≤ ng L-1 is still a huge challenge. Moreover, the offline SPE procedure was performed manually, costly, and time-consuming, while the online SPE required precision pretreatment instruments that require highly-skilled personnel. In this paper, a fully automated SPE coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS method was developed for analysis of antibiotics (sulfonamides, quinolones, and macrolides) in water matrices. Sample preparation optimization included SPE materials and configuration (HLB disks), sample volume (500-1000 mL), and pH (pH = 3) with a flow rate at 2~5 mL min-1, and an elution procedure with 2 × 6 mL methanol, and 2 × 6 mL acetone. Meanwhile, the parameters for UHPLC-MS/S detection of analytes were optimized, including LC retention time, and MS parameters. The instrumental limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of analytes ranged from 0.01-0.72 μg L-1 and 0.05-2.39 μg L-1, respectively, with satisfactory linear calibration (R2 > 0.995) and precision (< 9.9%). Recoveries in spike samples ranged between 77.5-104.9% in pure water, 59.4-97.8% in surface water (SW), and 58.2-108.6% in wastewater effluent (WWE) with relative standard deviations ≤ 12.8%. The matrix effects observed for most analytes were suppression (0-28.1%) except for five analytes having presented enhancement (0-14.6 %) in SW or WWE. This method can basically meet the needs of trace antibiotic residues detection in waters, with examples of concentrations of detected antibiotics being lower than LOQ (LLQ) -94.47 ng L-1 in WWEs and LLQ-15.47 ng L-1 in SW in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Suwen Tang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yangyang Bao
- Pudong New Area Environmental Monitoring Station, No.51 Lingshan Road. Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Kevin D Daniels
- Hazen and Sawyer, 1400 E. Southern Ave, Tempe, AZ, 85282, USA
| | - Zuo Tong How
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Mohamed Gamal El-Din
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Jie Wang
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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14
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Wang T, Zhong M, Lu M, Huang J, Blaney L, Yu G. Development of a high-throughput multi-residue method for analysis of common pesticides in aquatic environments by automated online solid phase extraction coupled with LC-MS/MS. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:3160-3171. [PMID: 34164633 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00157d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present work describes the development of a fully automated method based on online solid phase extraction (SPE)-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous analysis of multiple classes of pesticides or metabolites in drinking water (DW), surface water (SW), and wastewater effluents (WWEs). The target list covers 111 pesticides or metabolites of various properties and families. LC-MS/MS and online SPE parameters were optimized with regard to the sorbent type, mobile phase composition, wash volume, and flowrate as well as the injection volume. The method showed good linearity in two concentration ranges with 97% and 94% of the coefficients (R2) being higher than 0.99 in the low concentration range (0.1-100 ng L-1) and high concentration range (100-2500 ng L-1), respectively. High sensitivity was observed with method quantification limits (MQLs) of 0.03-5.3 ng L-1, 0.06-17 ng L-1, and 0.08-21 ng L-1, for DW, SW, and WWE, respectively. The recoveries showed an accuracy of 94%, 91%, and 91% in the range of 70-130% for three matrices with satisfactory precision. The overall analysis time per sample was 30 min with minimum pretreatment. To the best of our knowledge, for the first time, 64 pesticides were identified by the high throughput online SPE-based method. The optimized method was used for WWE sample analysis, and 49 pesticides were detected in 12 WWE samples from an economically active city in China. Five pesticides were detected in all the samples, i.e. paclobutrazol, atrazine, diuron, acetamiprid, and triadimenol, and the highest median concentration was observed for carbendazim (324 ng L-1). The advantages of the proposed method over offline ones make it have broad prospects in high throughput and reliable analysis of pesticides in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tielong Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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15
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Guerra-Rodríguez S, Ribeiro ARL, Ribeiro RS, Rodríguez E, Silva AMT, Rodríguez-Chueca J. UV-A activation of peroxymonosulfate for the removal of micropollutants from secondary treated wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 770:145299. [PMID: 33736410 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of micropollutants (MPs) in the aquatic environment poses a threat to the environment and to the human health. The application of sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) to eliminate these contaminants has attracted attention in recent years. In this work, the simultaneous degradation of 20 multi-class MPs (classified into 5 main categories, namely antibiotics, beta-blockers, other pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and herbicides) was evaluated for the first time in secondary treated wastewater, by activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) with UV-A radiation, without any pH adjustment or iron addition. The optimal PMS concentration to remove the spiked target MPs (100 μg L-1) from wastewater was 0.1 mM, leading to an average degradation of 80% after 60 min, with most of the elimination occurring during the first 5 min. Synergies between radiation and the oxidant were demonstrated and quantified, with an average extent of synergy of 69.1%. The optimized treatment was then tested using non-spiked wastewater, in which 12 out of the 20 target contaminants were detected. Among these, 7 were degraded at some extent, varying from 10.7% (acetamiprid) to 94.4% (ofloxacin), the lower removals being attributed to the quite inferior ratio of MPs to natural organic matter. Phytotoxicity tests carried out with the wastewater before and after photo-activated PMS oxidation revealed a decrease in the toxicity and that the plants were able to grow in the presence of the treated water. Therefore, despite the low degradation rates obtained for some MPs, the treatment effectively reduces the toxicity of the matrix, making the water safer for reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Guerra-Rodríguez
- Department of Industrial Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Rita Lado Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui S Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Encarnación Rodríguez
- Department of Industrial Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián M T Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Rodríguez-Chueca
- Department of Industrial Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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16
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González-Gaya B, Lopez-Herguedas N, Bilbao D, Mijangos L, Iker AM, Etxebarria N, Irazola M, Prieto A, Olivares M, Zuloaga O. Suspect and non-target screening: the last frontier in environmental analysis. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:1876-1904. [PMID: 33913946 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00111f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Suspect and non-target screening (SNTS) techniques are arising as new analytical strategies useful to disentangle the environmental occurrence of the thousands of exogenous chemicals present in our ecosystems. The unbiased discovery of the wide number of substances present over environmental analysis needs to find a consensus with powerful technical and computational requirements, as well as with the time-consuming unequivocal identification of discovered analytes. Within these boundaries, the potential applications of SNTS include the studies of environmental pollution in aquatic, atmospheric, solid and biological samples, the assessment of new compounds, transformation products and metabolites, contaminant prioritization, bioremediation or soil/water treatment evaluation, and retrospective data analysis, among many others. In this review, we evaluate the state of the art of SNTS techniques going over the normalized workflow from sampling and sample treatment to instrumental analysis, data processing and a brief review of the more recent applications of SNTS in environmental occurrence and exposure to xenobiotics. The main issues related to harmonization and knowledge gaps are critically evaluated and the challenges of their implementation are assessed in order to ensure a proper use of these promising techniques in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- B González-Gaya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain.
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17
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Dosis I, Ricci M, Emteborg H, Emons H. A journey towards whole water certified reference materials for organic substances: measuring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as required by the European Union Water Framework Directive. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:2283-2293. [PMID: 33598757 PMCID: PMC7987604 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03200-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In 2000, the Water Framework Directive (WFD) came into force in the European Union with the aim of protecting and improving water quality. The priority substances established to be monitored are predominantly organic compounds, for which the WFD sets the requirement of 'whole water sample' analysis. This legislative requirement poses analytical challenges for the monitoring laboratories as well as technical challenges for reference materials producers. In the past, there were attempts to produce reference materials as quality assurance/quality control tools for measuring organic priority substances in whole water. A critical reflection on the approaches and solutions applied to prepare such kind of matrix reference materials is presented along with a discussion on the difficulties encountered by the analytical laboratories in analysing such complex matrices. The Certified Reference Material (CRM) ERM-CA100 can be considered as a pioneer for a 'whole water' CRM (containing humic acids) and has been designed for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Further developments seem to be necessary to upgrade the design towards a CRM which will also include suspended particulate matter, another basic constituent of natural surface water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Dosis
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 2440, Geel, Belgium
- German Environment Agency, Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844, Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Marina Ricci
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 2440, Geel, Belgium.
| | - Håkan Emteborg
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 2440, Geel, Belgium
| | - Hendrik Emons
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 2440, Geel, Belgium
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18
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Vaudreuil MA, Vo Duy S, Munoz G, Furtos A, Sauvé S. A framework for the analysis of polar anticancer drugs in wastewater: On-line extraction coupled to HILIC or reverse phase LC-MS/MS. Talanta 2020; 220:121407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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19
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Du B, Fan G, Yu W, Yang S, Zhou J, Luo J. Occurrence and risk assessment of steroid estrogens in environmental water samples: A five-year worldwide perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115405. [PMID: 33618485 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous occurrence of steroid estrogens (SEs) in the aquatic environment has raised global concern for their potential environmental impacts. This paper extensively compiled and reviewed the available occurrence data of SEs, namely estrone (E1), 17α-estradiol (17α-E2), 17β-estradiol (17β-E2), estriol (E3), and 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2), based on 145 published articles in different regions all over the world including 51 countries and regions during January 2015-March 2020. The data regarding SEs concentrations and estimated 17β-estradiol equivalency (EEQ) values are then compared and analyzed in different environmental matrices, including natural water body, drinking and tap water, and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) effluent. The detection frequencies of E1, 17β-E2, and E3 between the ranges of 53%-83% in natural water and WWTPs effluent, and the concentration of SEs varied considerably in different countries and regions. The applicability for EEQ estimation via multiplying relative effect potency (REPi) by chemical analytical data, as well as correlation between EEQbio and EEQcal was also discussed. The risk quotient (RQ) values were on the descending order of EE2 > 17β-E2 > E1 > 17α-E2 > E3 in the great majority of investigations. Furthermore, E1, 17β-E2, and EE2 exhibited high or medium risks in water environmental samples via optimized risk quotient (RQf) approach at the continental-scale. This overview provides the latest insights on the global occurrence and ecological impacts of SEs and may act as a supportive tool for future SEs investigation and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banghao Du
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Gongduan Fan
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fujian, China; State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, 350002, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials, Fuzhou University, 350002, Fujian, China.
| | - Weiwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, 400074, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, 400074, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinjin Zhou
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Luo
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fujian, China
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20
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Barbieri MV, Monllor-Alcaraz LS, Postigo C, López de Alda M. Improved fully automated method for the determination of medium to highly polar pesticides in surface and groundwater and application in two distinct agriculture-impacted areas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 745:140650. [PMID: 32736100 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Water is an essential resource for all living organisms. The continuous and increasing use of pesticides in agricultural and urban activities results in the pollution of water resources and represents an environmental risk. To control and reduce pesticide pollution, reliable multi-residue methods for the detection of these compounds in water are needed. In this context, the present work aimed at providing an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of trace levels of 51 target pesticides in water and applying it to the investigation of the target pesticides in two agriculture-impacted areas of interest. The method developed, based on an isotopic dilution approach and on-line solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, is fast, simple, and to a large extent automated, and allows the analysis of most of the target compounds in compliance with European regulations. Application of the method to the analysis of selected water samples collected at the lowest stretches of the two largest river basins of Catalonia (NE Spain), Llobregat and Ter, revealed the presence of a wide suite of pesticides in the Llobregat basin, some of them at concentrations above the water quality standards (irgarol and dichlorvos) or the acceptable method detection limits (methiocarb, imidacloprid, and thiacloprid), and much cleaner waters in the Ter River basin. Risk assessment of the pesticide concentrations measured in the Llobregat River indicated high risk due to the presence of irgarol, dichlorvos, methiocarb, azinphos ethyl, imidacloprid, and diflufenican (hazard quotient (HQ) values>10), and moderate potential risk in the Ter River, associated to the occurrence of bentazone and irgarol (HQ > 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Barbieri
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Simón Monllor-Alcaraz
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Postigo
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miren López de Alda
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
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21
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Čelić M, Škrbić BD, Insa S, Živančev J, Gros M, Petrović M. Occurrence and assessment of environmental risks of endocrine disrupting compounds in drinking, surface and wastewaters in Serbia. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114344. [PMID: 32443213 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study is the first comprehensive monitoring of 13 selected endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in untreated urban and industrial wastewater in Serbia to assess their impact on the Danube River basin and associated freshwaters used as sources for drinking water production in the area. Results showed that natural and synthetic estrogens were present in surface and wastewater at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 64.8 ng L-1. Nevertheless, they were not detected in drinking water. For alkylphenols concentrations ranged from 1.1 to 78.3 ng L-1 in wastewater and from 0.1 to 37.2 ng L-1 in surface water, while in drinking water concentrations varied from 0.4 to 7.9 ng L-1. Bisphenol A (BPA) was the most abundant compound in all water types, with frequencies of detection ranging from 57% in drinking water, to 70% in surface and 84% in wastewater. Potential environmental risks were characterized by calculating the risk quotients (RQs) and the estrogenic activity of EDCs in waste, surface and drinking water samples, as an indicator of their potential detrimental effects. RQ values of estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) were the highest, exceeding the threshold value of 1 in 60% of wastewater samples, while in surface water E1 displayed potential risks in only two samples. Total estrogenic activity (EEQt) surpassed the threshold of 1 ng E2 L-1 in about 67% of wastewater samples, and in 3 surface water samples. In drinking water, EEQt was below 1 ng L-1 in all samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Čelić
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Biljana D Škrbić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Laboratory for Chemical Contaminants and Sustainable Development, Serbia.
| | - Sara Insa
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Jelena Živančev
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Laboratory for Chemical Contaminants and Sustainable Development, Serbia
| | - Meritxell Gros
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Mira Petrović
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Gusmaroli L, Mendoza E, Petrovic M, Buttiglieri G. How do WWTPs operational parameters affect the removal rates of EU Watch list compounds? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 714:136773. [PMID: 32018966 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work aims at achieving a better understanding of the mechanisms and the operative conditions regulating the removal of a set of relevant micropollutants in conventional activated sludge (CAS) systems to maximize their removal and, if possible, biodegradation. Eight compounds from the EU Watch list (clothianidin, thiacloprid, methiocarb, E1, E2, EE2, diclofenac and erythromycin) were spiked at 2 μg/L in CAS systems and their behaviour was studied in 6-h batch tests. The role of sorption was also investigated. Information on the removal of the pesticides clothianidin, thiacloprid and methiocarb is here presented for the first time to the best of the authors' knowledge. With the aim of enhancing the removal of the selected compounds in wastewater treatment, four parameters were explored: biomass concentration, temperature, pH and redox conditions. For each parameter, a low and a high value were chosen, based on the ranges usually applied in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Results show that biomass concentration is the most relevant parameter among the ones investigated, followed by the redox conditions. The operational conditions that maximized removal rates were: 5 g/L of biomass, aerobic conditions, 25 °C and pH 7.5. High variability in removal rates was observed for compounds such as E1, erythromycin and methiocarb. The pesticides clothianidin and thiacloprid did not prove to be easily degradable. The highest removal rates were recorded for the hormones, particularly E2, with a transformation rate of at least 96% under all conditions. Sorption proved to be a relevant removal route for EE2, for which the highest sorption rates were recorded, and diclofenac, where the adsorption mechanisms was hypothesised for its prevalence at lower pH values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Gusmaroli
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C. Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Esther Mendoza
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C. Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Mira Petrovic
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C. Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gianluigi Buttiglieri
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C. Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.
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Borrull J, Colom A, Fabregas J, Borrull F, Pocurull E. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry determination of 34 priority and emerging pollutants in water from the influent and effluent of a drinking water treatment plant. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1621:461090. [PMID: 32360059 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the applicability of a method based on the direct injection of a large volume of water samples to identify and quantify 34 priority and emerging substances, most of them discussed in Directive 2013/39/EU on priority substances in the field of water policy, and Decision 2018/840/EU (Watch List). The method directly injects 500 µL of filtered water sample and so does not use a pre-concentration step. The method was satisfactorily validated for influent and effluent water from a drinking water treatment plant, at three concentrations (1, 10 and 100 ng L-1) with precision and accuracies in the range 1-17% and 71-122% respectively. Sensitivity was good with detection limits in the range 0.15-10 ng L-1 and complied with EU limits in all cases except for estrone, 17-β-estradiol and 17-α-ethinylestradiol. For these hormones, an on-line solid phase extraction was developed and evaluated. The methods were applied to the analysis of water collected at the influent and effluent of a drinking water treatment plant and revealed the presence of 18 of the target compounds in the influent water and 8 in the effluent water. This showed that most the compounds had been efficiently removed by the processes of the drinking water treatment plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Borrull
- Consorci d'Aigües de Tarragona, N-340 km 1.094, 43895 L'Ampolla, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel•lí Domingo s/n, Sescelades Campus, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Agustí Colom
- Consorci d'Aigües de Tarragona, N-340 km 1.094, 43895 L'Ampolla, Spain
| | - Josepa Fabregas
- Consorci d'Aigües de Tarragona, N-340 km 1.094, 43895 L'Ampolla, Spain
| | - Francesc Borrull
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel•lí Domingo s/n, Sescelades Campus, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Eva Pocurull
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel•lí Domingo s/n, Sescelades Campus, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Jaria G, Calisto V, Otero M, Esteves VI. Monitoring pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-a practical overview. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:3983-4008. [PMID: 32088755 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02509-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceuticals, which are considered as contaminants of emerging concern, in natural waters is currently recognized as a widespread problem. Monitoring these contaminants in the environment has been an important field of research since their presence can affect the ecosystems even at very low levels. Several analytical techniques have been developed to detect and quantify trace concentrations of these contaminants in the aquatic environment, namely high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis, usually coupled to different types of detectors, which need to be complemented with time-consuming and costly sample cleaning and pre-concentration procedures. Generally, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), as other immunoassay methodologies, is mostly used in biological samples (most frequently urine and blood). However, during the last years, the number of studies referring the use of ELISA for the analysis of pharmaceuticals in complex environmental samples has been growing. Therefore, this work aims to present an overview of the application of ELISA for screening and quantification of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment, namely in water samples and biological tissues. The experimental procedures together with the main advantages and limitations of the assay are addressed, as well as new incomes related with the application of molecular imprinted polymers to mimic antibodies in similar, but alternative, approaches. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilaine Jaria
- Department of Chemistry and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vânia Calisto
- Department of Chemistry and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Marta Otero
- Department of Environment and Planning and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Valdemar I Esteves
- Department of Chemistry and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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Xia L, Yang J, Su R, Zhou W, Zhang Y, Zhong Y, Huang S, Chen Y, Li G. Recent Progress in Fast Sample Preparation Techniques. Anal Chem 2019; 92:34-48. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xia
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiani Yang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Rihui Su
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wanjun Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yanshu Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yanhui Zhong
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Simin Huang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yanlong Chen
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Locatelli M, Tartaglia A, Piccolantonio S, Di Iorio LA, Sperandio E, Ulusoy HI, Furton KG, Kabir A. Innovative Configurations of Sample Preparation Techniques Applied in Bioanalytical Chemistry: A Review. CURR ANAL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411015666190301145042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Recently, in all fields of analytical chemistry, increased attention has been
paid to extraction procedures and instrumental methods, which are easily scalable and are able to automate
in order to improve the “high-throughput” capability.
Introduction:
The main goal of these applications relates to an improvement of the precision in the
quantitative analysis, reduction of different sources of errors, decrease the analysis time and, in general,
improve the analytical performances. Often these points can be in contrast to each other, not allowing
to achieve the expected result but forcing a compromise between the objectives of the method
and the analytical performance.
Methods:
In this review, following the evolution of the (micro)extraction procedures and instrument
configurations, the recent procedures used in bioanalytical chemistry are critically evaluated. The
aim of this paper is providing an overview of the approaches available in order to perform on-line
coupling of various extraction techniques with chromatographic methods for the analysis of different
compounds in various samples. Furthermore, a comparison between off-line and on-line systems, advantages
of on-line systems applied on major extractive techniques and future perspectives are described.
Result:
The extraction methods suitable for on-line coupling covered in this review are: liquid-liquid
extraction (LLE), solid phase extraction (SPE), solid phase microextraction (SPME), dispersive liquid-
liquid microextraction (DLLME), microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS), supercritical fluid
extraction (SFE) and fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE).
Conclusion:
An overview of the micro-extraction techniques mentioned above was provided, making
a comparison between them and focusing attention on future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti (CH), Italy
| | - Angela Tartaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti (CH), Italy
| | - Silvia Piccolantonio
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti (CH), Italy
| | | | - Elena Sperandio
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti (CH), Italy
| | - Halil Ibrahim Ulusoy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Kenneth G. Furton
- International Forensic Research Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Abuzar Kabir
- International Forensic Research Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
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Fonseca E, Renau-Pruñonosa A, Ibáñez M, Gracia-Lor E, Estrela T, Jiménez S, Pérez-Martín MÁ, González F, Hernández F, Morell I. Investigation of pesticides and their transformation products in the Júcar River Hydrographical Basin (Spain) by wide-scope high-resolution mass spectrometry screening. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 177:108570. [PMID: 31325630 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC implemented by the European Union established as the main objectives to achieve a "good ecological and chemical status" of the surface water and a "good quantitative and chemical status" of groundwater bodies. One of the major pressures affecting water bodies comes from the use of pesticides and their potential presence in the water ecosystems. For this purpose, the reliable determination of pesticides and their transformation products (TPs) in natural waters (both surface and groundwater) is required. The high number of compounds potentially reaching the aquatic environment makes extraordinary difficult, if not impossible, to investigate all these compounds even using the most powerful analytical techniques. Among these, liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry is emphasized due to its strong potential for detection and identification of many organic contaminants thanks to the accurate-mass full spectrum acquisition data. This work focuses on wide-scope screening of many pesticides and their TPs in surface water and groundwater samples, collected between March and May 2017, in the Júcar River Hydrographical Basin, Spain. For this purpose, a home-made database containing more than 500 pesticides and TPs was employed. Analyses performed by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF MS) allowed the identification of up to 27 pesticides and 6 TPs. The most detected compounds in groundwater were the herbicides atrazine, simazine, terbuthylazine, and their TPs (atrazine-desethyl, terbumeton-desethyl and terbuthylazine-desethyl). Regarding surface water, the fungicides carbendazim, thiabendazole and imazalil, the herbicide terbutryn and the TP terbumeton-desethyl were also detected. These results illustrate the wide use of these compounds (in the present or in the recent past) in the area under study and the vulnerability of the water bodies, and are in accordance with previous findings in other water bodies of the different Spanish Hydrographic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie Fonseca
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071, Castellón, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, P.O. 2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Arianna Renau-Pruñonosa
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - María Ibáñez
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Emma Gracia-Lor
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071, Castellón, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teodoro Estrela
- Confederación Hidrográfica del Júcar (CHJ), Avda. de Blasco Ibáñez 48, 46010, Valencia, Spain; Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (IIAMA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara Jiménez
- Confederación Hidrográfica del Júcar (CHJ), Avda. de Blasco Ibáñez 48, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Pérez-Martín
- Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (IIAMA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco González
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071, Castellón, Spain; Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Pinar del Río Hermanos Saíz Montes de Oca, 20100, Pinar del Río, Cuba
| | - Félix Hernández
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071, Castellón, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Morell
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071, Castellón, Spain.
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Gusmaroli L, Buttiglieri G, Petrovic M. The EU watch list compounds in the Ebro delta region: Assessment of sources, river transport, and seasonal variations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 253:606-615. [PMID: 31330352 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The presence of xenobiotics in the aquatic environment has drawn scientific concern due to possible detrimental effects on the ecosystems. With EU Decision 2015/495, a first Watch list of compounds that could potentially represent a threat for the environment was created, with the objective of gathering high quality monitoring data and support their prioritization. Literature data are still very scarce and the presence of many of the compounds has not been investigated thoroughly. In this study, all the 17 compounds of the EU Watch list 2015/495 were monitored in 14 sampling locations, comprised of freshwater and, for the first time, wastewater. The study was carried out in the Ebro delta, in the north east of Spain, a representative and crucial area not only for its environmental and naturalistic significance, but also for Spain's productivity, especially as regards rice agriculture. Results show that contamination originates both from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and agricultural activities. High levels of pharmaceuticals were detected in wastewater, with azithromycin and diclofenac present at mean concentrations of 1.65 μg/L and 636 ng/L respectively. In freshwater samples, besides antibiotics and diclofenac, substantial contamination by pesticides was reported, with oxadiazon reaching up to 591 ng/L and imidacloprid being present in 93% of samples. Moreover, the study provided insight into the origin of the selected contaminants. The removal of the studied micropollutants in WWTPs was low to moderate. The assessment of risk quotients, calculated based on the available PNECs, demonstrated that the concentrations recorded for these compounds may pose a significant risk in most sampling sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Gusmaroli
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C. Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Gianluigi Buttiglieri
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C. Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Mira Petrovic
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C. Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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30
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Rubirola A, Boleda MR, Galceran MT, Moyano E. Formation of new disinfection by-products of priority substances (Directive 2013/39/UE and Watch List) in drinking water treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:28270-28283. [PMID: 31368066 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of priority substances (Directive 2013/39/UE and Watch List) by chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) located near Barcelona (NE Spain) were investigated. For the first time, the reactivity with ClO2 of several compounds frequently found at the entrance of the DWTP such as erythromycin, clarithromycin, chlorpyrifos, and imidacloprid was evaluated in both simulated and real conditions. To identify potential DBPs, experiments were performed at laboratory scale by simulating the operational disinfection conditions in the DWTP. Liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) working in full scan and target-MS/HRMS modes was used for the identification of the generated DBPs. Several new DBPs were found, three from erythromycin, one from clarithromycin, two from chlorpyrifos, and one from imidacloprid. Then, the presence and behavior through DWTP treatment of priority substances and their DBPs were investigated in order to evaluate their generation in real working conditions. Two of the potential DBPs, anhydroerythromycin, and N-desmethyl clarithromycin were already identified in the raw water of DWTP, but N-desmethyl clarithromycin was also generated after the chlorine dioxide treatment step. Both compounds were eliminated by the treatments applied in the DWTP; anhydroerythromycin was eliminated after ozonation in the upgraded conventional treatment and after reverse osmosis in the advanced treatment while N-desmethyl clarithromycin is recalcitrant in the upgraded conventional treatment, but it was eliminated by reverse osmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Rubirola
- Aigües de Barcelona, Empresa Metropolitana de Gestió del Cicle Integral de l'Aigua, S.A., General Batet 1-7, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mª Rosa Boleda
- Aigües de Barcelona, Empresa Metropolitana de Gestió del Cicle Integral de l'Aigua, S.A., General Batet 1-7, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mª Teresa Galceran
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Encarnación Moyano
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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Elpa DP, Prabhu GRD, Wu SP, Tay KS, Urban PL. Automation of mass spectrometric detection of analytes and related workflows: A review. Talanta 2019; 208:120304. [PMID: 31816721 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The developments in mass spectrometry (MS) in the past few decades reveal the power and versatility of this technology. MS methods are utilized in routine analyses as well as research activities involving a broad range of analytes (elements and molecules) and countless matrices. However, manual MS analysis is gradually becoming a thing of the past. In this article, the available MS automation strategies are critically evaluated. Automation of analytical workflows culminating with MS detection encompasses involvement of automated operations in any of the steps related to sample handling/treatment before MS detection, sample introduction, MS data acquisition, and MS data processing. Automated MS workflows help to overcome the intrinsic limitations of MS methodology regarding reproducibility, throughput, and the expertise required to operate MS instruments. Such workflows often comprise automated off-line and on-line steps such as sampling, extraction, derivatization, and separation. The most common instrumental tools include autosamplers, multi-axis robots, flow injection systems, and lab-on-a-chip. Prototyping customized automated MS systems is a way to introduce non-standard automated features to MS workflows. The review highlights the enabling role of automated MS procedures in various sectors of academic research and industry. Examples include applications of automated MS workflows in bioscience, environmental studies, and exploration of the outer space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decibel P Elpa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Gurpur Rakesh D Prabhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Pao Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
| | - Kheng Soo Tay
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pawel L Urban
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan; Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
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Licul-Kucera V, Ladányi M, Hizsnyik G, Záray G, Mihucz VG. A filtration optimized on-line SPE–HPLC–MS/MS method for determination of three macrolide antibiotics dissolved and bound to suspended solids in surface water. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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33
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Development and validation of a multianalyte immunoassay for the quantification of environmental pollutants in seawater samples from the Catalonia coastal area. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:5897-5907. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01971-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Barreca S, Busetto M, Colzani L, Clerici L, Daverio D, Dellavedova P, Balzamo S, Calabretta E, Ubaldi V. Determination of estrogenic endocrine disruptors in water at sub-ng L−1 levels in compliance with Decision 2015/495/EU using offline-online solid phase extraction concentration coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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35
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Pietrzak D, Wątor K, Pękała D, Wójcik J, Chochorek A, Kmiecik E, Kania J. LC-MS/MS method validation for determination of selected neonicotinoids in groundwater for the purpose of a column experiment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2019; 54:424-431. [PMID: 30821594 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1574173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The work was carried out to develop and validate a method based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous detection and quantification of five neonicotinoid insecticides: acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam in groundwater samples for the purpose of a further column experiment. This experiment will be used to analyze breakthrough curves of neonicotinoids under a saturated water flow to set transport parameters, where the reliability of the results of chemical analysis plays an important role. The validation was performed in a concentration range from 0.09 µg L-1 to 100 µg L-1 using an Infinity 1290 (Agilent, USA) chromatograph coupled with a QTrap 5500 mass spectrometer (Sciex, Canada). The calibration curves were obtained on the basis of the results of six standard solution analyses. Linearity was not lower than 0.998. The limit of detection was set at the lowest concentration which can be determined with an acceptable accuracy and precision. All pesticides had recoveries in the range 85-109% with relative standard deviation values less than 8.1%. The estimated measurement uncertainty did not exceed 30%, so the LC-MS/MS method fits for the intended purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Pietrzak
- a AGH University of Science and Technology , Kraków , Poland
| | - Katarzyna Wątor
- a AGH University of Science and Technology , Kraków , Poland
| | | | | | | | - Ewa Kmiecik
- a AGH University of Science and Technology , Kraków , Poland
| | - Jarosław Kania
- a AGH University of Science and Technology , Kraków , Poland
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Shao Y, Hollert H, Tarcai Z, Deutschmann B, Seiler TB. Integrating bioassays, chemical analysis and in silico techniques to identify genotoxicants in surface water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:3084-3092. [PMID: 30373085 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Identification of hazardous compounds, as the first step of water protection and regulation, is still challenged by the difficulty to establish a linkage between toxic effects and suspected contaminants. Genotoxic compounds are one type of highly relevant toxicants in surface water, which may attack the DNA and lead to cancer in individual organism, or even damaged germ cells to be passed on to future generations. Thus, the establishment of a linkage between genotoxic effects and genotoxicant is important for environmental toxicologists and chemists. For this purpose, in the present study in silico methods were integrated with bioassays, chemical analysis and literature information to identify genotoxicants in surface water. Large volume water samples from 22 sampling sites of the Danube were collected and subjected to biological and chemical analysis. Samples from the most toxic sites (JDS32, JDS44 and JDS63) induced significant genotoxic effects in the micronucleus assay, and two of them caused mutagenicity in the Ames fluctuation assay. Chemical analysis showed that 68 chemicals were detected in these most toxic samples. Literature findings and in silico techniques using the OECD QSAR Toolbox and the ChemProp software package revealed genotoxic potentials for 29 compounds out of 68 targeted chemicals. To confirm the integrative technical data, the micronucleus assay and the Ames fluctuation assay were applied with artificial mixtures of those compounds and the raw water sample extracts. The results showed that 18 chemicals explained 48.5% of the genotoxicity in the micronucleus assay. This study highlights the capability of in silico techniques in linking adverse biological effect to suspicious hazardous compounds for the identification of toxicity drivers, and demonstrates the genotoxic potential of pollutants in the Danube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shao
- Institute for Environmental Research (Bio. V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Cell Toxicology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Henner Hollert
- Institute for Environmental Research (Bio. V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Road Shapingba, 400044 Chongqing, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, 20092 Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, China
| | - Zsolt Tarcai
- Institute for Environmental Research (Bio. V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Björn Deutschmann
- Institute for Environmental Research (Bio. V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas-Benjamin Seiler
- Institute for Environmental Research (Bio. V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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A simple, fast method for the analysis of 20 contaminants of emerging concern in river water using large-volume direct injection liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:1601-1610. [PMID: 30680425 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01602-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A fast and sensitive method for the determination of a structurally and physico-chemically diverse group of contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) based on large-volume direct injection liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed. The method can be used to determine 20 CECs belonging to different pollutant families (pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and pesticides) in river water at nanogram per liter. A single analytical run is required and the positive and negative ionization modes can be used simultaneously. Because of the large-volume injections of samples and the high sensitivity of the current mass spectrometers, the method has no need of a preconcentration step. The analytes are quantitated with matrix-matched calibration curves. The estimated limits of detection were in the range 0.1-5 ng L-1. The accuracy of the method was in the range 86-114%, and the precision, expressed as a relative standard deviation (RSD %), was below 18% for all the analytes (n = 5, at 5, 10, and 25 ng L-1). The method was applied to water samples taken from different points along the lower course of the Ebro River, Spain. A total of 12 out of the 20 target analytes were detected, and the ones at higher concentrations were caffeine and the pharmaceuticals paracetamol and ibuprofen (184.8 ng L-1, 63.3 ng L-1, and 23.3 ng L-1, respectively).
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López-García E, Mastroianni N, Postigo C, Barceló D, López de Alda M. A fully automated approach for the analysis of 37 psychoactive substances in raw wastewater based on on-line solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1576:80-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Scala-Benuzzi ML, Takara EA, Alderete M, Soler-Illia GJ, Schneider RJ, Raba J, Messina GA. Ethinylestradiol quantification in drinking water sources using a fluorescent paper based immunosensor. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Gusmaroli L, Insa S, Petrovic M. Development of an online SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS method for the multiresidue analysis of the 17 compounds from the EU "Watch list". Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:4165-4176. [PMID: 29691601 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1069-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
During the last decades, the quality of aquatic ecosystems has been threatened by increasing levels of pollutions, caused by the discharge of man-made chemicals, both via accidental release of pollutants as well as a consequence of the constant outflow of inadequately treated wastewater effluents. For this reason, the European Union is updating its legislations with the aim of limiting the release of emerging contaminants. The Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2015/495 published in March 2015 drafts a "Watch list" of compounds to be monitored Europe-wide. In this study, a methodology based on online solid-phase extraction (SPE) ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer (UHPLC-MS/MS) was developed for the simultaneous determination of the 17 compounds listed therein. The proposed method offers advantages over already available methods, such as versatility (all 17 compounds can be analyzed simultaneously), shorter time required for analysis, robustness, and sensitivity. The employment of online sample preparation minimized sample manipulation and reduced dramatically the sample volume needed and time required, dramatically the sample volume needed and time required, thus making the analysis fast and reliable. The method was successfully validated in surface water and influent and effluent wastewater. Limits of detection ranged from sub- to low-nanogram per liter levels, in compliance with the EU limits, with the only exception of EE2. Graphical abstract Schematic of the workflow for the analysis of the Watch list compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Gusmaroli
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, H2O Building, c/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Sara Insa
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, H2O Building, c/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Mira Petrovic
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, H2O Building, c/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain. .,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
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de Toffoli AL, Maciel EVS, Fumes BH, Lanças FM. The role of graphene-based sorbents in modern sample preparation techniques. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:288-302. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lúcia de Toffoli
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos; University of São Paulo,; São Carlos SP Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Henrique Fumes
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos; University of São Paulo,; São Carlos SP Brazil
| | - Fernando Mauro Lanças
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos; University of São Paulo,; São Carlos SP Brazil
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