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An J, Jin N, Xie J, Ma Y, Liu H, Balajiang G, Liu S, Zhang X. Vaccination coverage of hepatitis B and associated factors among health care workers in Gansu province. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2383509. [PMID: 39132758 PMCID: PMC11321420 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2383509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The investigation was conducted to describe the status of coverage of HBV vaccination among the health care workers in Gansu province and to explore the associated factors of HBV vaccination in this study. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1544 health care workers from 64 hospitals in Gansu province. A self-designed questionnaire was used to interview the health care workers about HBV vaccination coverage. A multivariate logistic regression model explored the associated factors with HBV vaccination. The vaccination coverage was 89.17% for health care workers, nurses (90.40%) had the highest rate, followed by administration staff (89.38%) and medical technicians (89.30%). The full-dose HBV vaccination coverage was 64.25% for health care workers, and administration staff (65.04%) had the highest rate, followed by nurses (65.00%). This study found that the associated factors with HBV vaccination and full-dose vaccination were the history of training and the detection of serological indicators. The coverage of HBV vaccination among health care workers in Gansu province was high, but full-dose HBV vaccination coverage was low. It is necessary to strengthen the HBV knowledge and training in HBV prevention and treatment among health care workers in Gansu Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing An
- Immunization program department, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
| | - Na Jin
- Immunization program department, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingru Xie
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yuxin Ma
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | | | - Shuyu Liu
- Immunization program department, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshu Zhang
- Immunization program department, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
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Vakili ME, Mashhadi N, Ataollahi MR, Meri S, Kabelitz D, Kalantar K. Hepatitis B vaccine responders show higher frequencies of CD8 + effector memory and central memory T cells compared to non-responders. Scand J Immunol 2024:e13402. [PMID: 39189677 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis B (HB) infection is a major global health problem. There is limited knowledge about HB vaccination-induced immune memory responses. We compared the frequency of CD8+ memory T cell subsets between responders (RSs) and non-responders (NRs) to HB vaccination. Blood samples were collected from RSs and NRs. PBMCs were cultured in the presence of Hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg) and PHA for 48 h to restimulate CD8+ memory T cells and T cell memory subsets were detected by flow cytometry using memory cell markers. The frequency of TEM, TCM, and TCM hi was significantly higher in responders compared to non-responders (p = 0.024, 0.022, and 0.047, respectively). Additionally, we report a positive correlation between the frequency of TEM cells in RSs with age and anti-HBsAb level (p = 0.03 and rs = 0.5; p = 0.01 and rs = 0.06). Responders display a higher level of CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity. Therefore, we suggest a possible defect in the formation of immunological CD8+ memory T cells in NRs and it may reduce antibody production compared to the RSs, although more experiments are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Eshkevar Vakili
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Niloofar Mashhadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ataollahi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Seppo Meri
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology and the Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), Helsinki University Hospital, The University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig, Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kurosh Kalantar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology and the Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), Helsinki University Hospital, The University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Belete D, Fekadie E, Kassaw M, Fenta M, Jegnie A, Mulu T, Adane G, Abebe W, Amare A. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Guhala Primary Hospital, Northwestern Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:512. [PMID: 39075410 PMCID: PMC11285531 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06714-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infections are global issues that disproportionately affect developing countries. Pregnancy-related HBV and HCV infections are associated with a high risk of vertical transmission and complications for the mother as well as the newborn. Therefore, this study aims to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Guhala Primary Hospital, Northwestern Ethiopia. METHODS A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted from July to September 2022 on HBV and HCV registered books from September 1, 2017, to August 30, 2019, for a year. The presence of HBsAg and anti-HCV in serum was detected using the One Step Cassette Style HBsAg and anti-HCV antibody test kit. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 software. RESULTS In this study, a total of 2252 participants for HBsAg and 538 participants for ant-HCV rapid tests of records in the laboratory logbook were included. The mean age of the study participants was 25.6years (± 5.8SD). The overall prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HCV was 6.0% (134/2252) and 2.4% (13/538), respectively. There were 0.4% (2/538) coinfection results between HBV and HCV among pregnant women. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION In this study, intermediate seroprevalence of HBV and HCV infection was detected among pregnant women attending antenatal care. The Hepatitis B virus was predominantly higher among pregnant women aged between 25 and 34 years. To manage and stop the potential vertical transmission of these viral agents during the early stages of pregnancy, routine prenatal testing for HBV and HCV infections should be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debaka Belete
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Engidayehu Fekadie
- School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Melkamu Kassaw
- School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Melaku Fenta
- School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Azanu Jegnie
- School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tigist Mulu
- School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gashaw Adane
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Wondwossen Abebe
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Azanaw Amare
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
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Chen T, Borondy-Jenkins F, Zovich B, Block SJ, Moraras K, Chan A, Cohen C. Existing knowledge, myths, and perceptions about hepatitis B and liver cancer within highly impacted immigrant communities. J Virus Erad 2024; 10:100379. [PMID: 38983869 PMCID: PMC11231744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2024.100379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Immigrant groups from Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, sub-Saharan Africa, and the Caribbean bear the heaviest burden of chronic hepatitis B and primary liver cancer in the United States. Educational campaigns to increase knowledge about these diseases and their connection are necessary to promote protective health behaviors within these communities, to ultimately reduce the burden of disease, lessen stigma, and eliminate health disparities. Objectives This project sought to engage groups within highly impacted communities to identify existing gaps in hepatitis B- and liver cancer-related knowledge, in order to inform future health education programming that will aim to reduce stigma and promote liver cancer prevention and early detection behaviors within and across groups. Methods Fifteen focus groups and two key informant interviews were conducted virtually with participants from Micronesian, Chinese, Hmong, Nigerian, Ghanaian, Vietnamese, Korean, Somali, Ethiopian, Filipino, Haitian, and Francophone West African communities. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic coding. Results There are large gaps in knowledge and awareness of hepatitis B and liver cancer, and the link between these two diseases among Asian, Pacific Islander, African and Haitian immigrant communities. This limited knowledge and misinformation, exacerbated by stigma, hinder these groups' utilization of hepatitis B and liver cancer diagnostic and preventative healthcare services. Conclusion To reduce hepatitis B and liver cancer health disparities within heavily burdened groups, health education needs to be community-informed, culturally sensitive, and actionable. Study results can guide the development of culturally and linguistically appropriate education programs that focus on the link between hepatitis B and liver cancer and the need for vaccination and routine screening, and that are responsive to the knowledge gaps and misperceptions of diverse communities. The results also provide valuable insights for healthcare providers to improve the knowledge gaps of the diverse patient populations that they serve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Mount Sinai Hospital, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, 10029, New York, United States
| | - Fiona Borondy-Jenkins
- Hepatitis B Foundation, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, 18902, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Beatrice Zovich
- Hepatitis B Foundation, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, 18902, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Suzanne J Block
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St., Baltimore, 21205, Maryland, United States
| | - Kate Moraras
- Hepatitis B Foundation, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, 18902, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Alice Chan
- Hepatitis B Foundation, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, 18902, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Chari Cohen
- Hepatitis B Foundation, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, 18902, Pennsylvania, United States
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Asamoah Sakyi S, Badu Gyapong J, Krampah Aidoo E, Effah A, Koffie S, Simon Olympio Mensah O, Arddey I, Boakye G, Opoku S, Amoani B, Amadu Ngala R. Evaluation of Immune Characteristics and Factors Associated with Immune Response following Hepatitis B Vaccination among Ghanaian Adolescents. Adv Virol 2024; 2024:9502939. [PMID: 38827254 PMCID: PMC11142859 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9502939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background WHO recommends HBV-negative babies in high-prevalence (8%) countries receive anti-HBV vaccination. Ghana initiated mass immunization in 2002, but concerns remain about vaccine effectiveness and long-term protection. We evaluated immune characteristics and factors following hepatitis B vaccination among Ghanaian adolescents who received HBV vaccines. Methods In this longitudinal cross-sectional study, 74 participants were enrolled from the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana. Sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics of participants were obtained using a questionnaire. Blood samples were obtained before and after booster administration for anti-HBsAg, IL-6, and IL-10 estimations using ELISA kit (Shanghai Chemical Ltd., China). Anti-HBsAg titers ≥10 mIU/ml were considered protective. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS version 26.0 and R programming language, p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results We found 100% seroconversion rate, with 25.7% seroprotection rate (anti-HBsAg >10 mIU/ml). Gender (p=0.009), age (p=0.001), and exercising (p=0.044) were significantly associated with seroprotection. Following booster administration, 59.4% were hyporesponders (10 ≤ anti-HBsAg titre ≤99 mIU/ml) whilst 40.6% were good responders (anti-HBsAg titre ≥100 mIU/ml). Exercise (p=0.034) was significantly associated with immune response after booster administration. Moreover, we reported significant positive correlation between cytokines [IL-6 (r = 0.817, p < 0.001) and IL-10 (r = 0.928, p < 0.001)] and anti-HBsAg titre. Conclusion Approximately two thirds of adolescents vaccinated at birth lack protective levels of antibodies against hepatitis B virus. Booster vaccines could aid in mounting protective levels of anti-HBsAg. Physical exercise was negatively associated with immune response to hepatitis B vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Asamoah Sakyi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Joseph Badu Gyapong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Alfred Effah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Simon Koffie
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Oscar Simon Olympio Mensah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Isaac Arddey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Godwin Boakye
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Stephen Opoku
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Benjamin Amoani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Robert Amadu Ngala
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Mironova M, Ghany MG. Hepatitis B Vaccine: Four Decades on. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:439. [PMID: 38675820 PMCID: PMC11053833 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus is a substantial contributor to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) globally. Vaccination is the most effective method for prevention of hepatitis B and its associated morbidity and mortality, and the only method to prevent infection with hepatitis D virus. The hepatitis B vaccine has been used worldwide for more than four decades; it is available in a single- or triple-antigen form and in combination with vaccines against other infections. Introduction of the vaccine and administration at birth led to sustained decline in mother-to-child transmission, chronic hepatitis B, and HCC, however, global birth dose coverage remains suboptimal. In this review we will discuss different hepatitis B vaccine formulations and schedules, vaccination guidelines, durability of the response, and vaccine escape mutants, as well as the clinical and economic benefits of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc G. Ghany
- Clinical Hepatology Research Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1800, USA;
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Song J, Liu L, Wang Z, Xie D, Azami NLB, Lu L, Huang Y, Ye W, Zhang Q, Sun M. CCL20 and CD8A as potential diagnostic biomarkers for HBV-induced liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28329. [PMID: 38596115 PMCID: PMC11002547 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The main cause of the liver fibrosis (LF) remains hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, especially in China. Histologically, liver fibrosis still occurs progressively in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, even if HBV-DNA is negative or undetectable. The diagnosis of LF is beneficial to control the development of it, also it may promote the reversal of LF. Although liver biopsy is the gold standard of diagnosis in LF at present, it isa traumatic diagnosis. There are no diagnostic biomarkers as yet for the condition. It is badly in need of biomarkers clinically, which is simple to test, minimally invasive, highly specific, and sensitive. Early detection of HBV-LF development is crucial in the prevention, treatment, and prognosis prediction of HBV-LF. Cytokines are closely associated with both immune regulation and inflammation in the progression of hepatitis B virus associated-liver fibrosis (HBV-LF). In this bioinformatic study, we not only analyzed the relationship between HBV-LF and immune infiltration, but also identified key genes to uncover new therapeutic targets. Objectives To find potential biomarkers for liver fibrosis in the development of chronic hepatic B patients. Materials and methods We obtained two sets of data including CHB/healthy control and CHB/HBV-LF from the Integrated Gene Expression (GEO) database to select for differential expression analysis. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was also generated, while key genes and important gene modules involved in the occurrence and development of HBV-LF were identified. These key genes were analyzed by functional enrichment analysis, module analysis, and survival analysis. Furthermore, the relationship between these two diseases and immune infiltration was explored. Results Among the identified genes, 150 were individually associated with CHB and healthy control in the differential gene expression (DGE) analysis. While 14 with CHB and HBV-LF. It was also analyzed in the Robust rank aggregation (RRA) analysis, 34 differential genes were further identified by Cytohubba. Among 34 differential genes, two core genes were determined: CCL20 and CD8A. CCL20 was able to predict CHB positivity (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC-ROC] = 0.883, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.786-0.963), while HBV-LF positivity ([AUC-ROC] = 0.687, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.592-0.779). And CD8A was able to predict CHB positivity ([AUC-ROC] = 0.960, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.915-0.992), while HBV-LF positivity ([AUC-ROC] = 0.773, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.680-0.856). Relationship between CCL20 gene expression and LF grades was P < 0.05, as well as CD8A. Conclusion CCL20 and CD8A were found to be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HBV-LF. It is instructive for research on the progression of LF in HBV patients, suppression of chronic inflammation, and development of molecularly targeted-therapy for HBV-LF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Song
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Dong Xie
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Nisma Lena Bahaji Azami
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yanping Huang
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Wei Ye
- Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Mingyu Sun
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Hossain MG, Islam M, Araf Y, Paul SK, Akter S, Khan MK, Ahmed MU, Khan S, Akbar SMF, Debnath CR. Comprehensive analysis of antigenic variations and genomic properties of hepatitis B virus in clinical samples in the mid-north east region of Bangladesh. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 119:105572. [PMID: 38367678 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
This investigation delineates an exhaustive analysis of the clinical, immunological, and genomic landscapes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection across a cohort of 22 verified patients. The demographic analysis unveiled a pronounced male bias (77.27%), with patient ages spanning 20 to 85 years and durations of illness ranging from 10 days to 4 years. Predominant clinical manifestations included fever, fatigue, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, and arthralgia, alongside observed co-morbidities such as chronic renal disorders and hepatocellular carcinoma. Antigenic profiling of the HBV envelope proteins elucidated significant heterogeneity among the infected subjects, particularly highlighted by discordances in the detection capabilities of small and large HBsAg assays, suggesting antigenic diversity. Quantitative assessment of viral loads unveiled a broad spectrum, accompanied by atypical HBeAg reactivity patterns, challenging the reliability of existing serological markers. Correlative studies between viral burden and antigenicity of the envelope proteins unearthed phenomena indicative of diagnostic evasion. Notably, samples demonstrating robust viral replication were paradoxically undetectable by the large HBsAg ELISA kit, advocating for more sophisticated diagnostic methodologies. Genotypic examination of three HBV isolates classified them as genotype D (D2), with phylogenetic alignment to strains from various global origins. Mutational profiling identified pivotal mutations within the basic core promoter and preS2/S1 regions, associated with an augmented risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Further, mutations discerned in the small HBsAg and RT/overlap regions were recognized as contributors to vaccine and/or diagnostic escape mechanisms. In summation, this scholarly discourse elucidates the intricate interplay of clinical presentations, antigenic diversity, and genomic attributes in HBV infection, accentuating the imperative for ongoing investigative endeavors to refine diagnostic and therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Golzar Hossain
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
| | - Mahfuz Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Yusha Araf
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Shyamal Kumar Paul
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Sharmin Akter
- Department of Physiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | | | - Muzahed Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Sakirul Khan
- Research Center for Global and Local Infectious Diseases, Oita University, Oita, Japan; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Sheikh Mohammad Fazle Akbar
- Research Center for Global and Local Infectious Diseases, Oita University, Oita, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan; Miyakawa Memorial Research Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
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Remera E, Tuyishime E, Kayitesi C, Malamba SS, Sangwayire B, Umutesi J, Ruisenor-Escudero H, Oluoch T. HIV and hepatitis B, C co-infection and correlates of HIV infection among men who have sex with men in Rwanda, 2021: a respondent-driven sampling, cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:347. [PMID: 38521947 PMCID: PMC10960483 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09206-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men who have sex with men (MSM) are a key population group disproportionately affected by HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide. In Rwanda, the HIV epidemic remains a significant public health concern, and understanding the burden of HIV and hepatitis B and C coinfections among MSM is crucial for designing effective prevention and control strategies. This study aims to determine the prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C infections among MSM in Rwanda and identify correlates associated with HIV infection within this population. METHODS We used respondent-driven sampling (RDS) to recruit participants between November and December 2021. A face-to-face, structured questionnaire was administered. Testing for HIV infection followed the national algorithm using two rapid tests: Alere Combo and STAT PAK as the first and second screening tests, respectively. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV tests were performed. All statistics were adjusted for RDS design, and a multivariable logistic regression model was constructed to identify factors associated with HIV infection. RESULTS The prevalence of HIV among MSM was 6·9% (95% CI: 5·5-8·6), and among HIV-positive MSM, 12·9% (95% CI: 5·5-27·3) were recently infected. The prevalence of hepatitis B and C was 4·2% (95% CI: 3·0-5·7) and 0·7% (95% CI: 0·4-1·2), respectively. HIV and hepatitis B virus coinfection was 0·5% (95% CI: 0·2-1·1), whereas HIV and hepatitis C coinfection was 0·1% (95% CI: 0·0-0·5), and no coinfection for all three viruses was observed. MSM groups with an increased risk of HIV infection included those who ever suffered violence or abuse because of having sex with other men (AOR: 3·42; 95% CI: 1·87-6·25), those who refused to answer the question asking about 'ever been paid money, goods, or services for sex' (AOR: 10·4; 95% CI: 3·30-32·84), and those not consistently using condoms (AOR: 3·15; 95% CI: 1·31-7·60). CONCLUSION The findings suggest more targeted prevention and treatment approaches and underscore the importance of addressing structural and behavioral factors contributing to HIV vulnerability, setting interventions to reduce violence and abuse against MSM, promoting safe and consensual sexual practices, and expanding access to HIV prevention tools such as condoms and preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Remera
- Institute of HIV Disease Prevention and Control, Rwanda Biomedical Centre (RBC) ), Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Elysee Tuyishime
- Division of Global HIV and TB, Global Health Center (GHC), US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Kigali, Rwanda.
| | - Catherine Kayitesi
- Institute of HIV Disease Prevention and Control, Rwanda Biomedical Centre (RBC) ), Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Samuel S Malamba
- Division of Global HIV and TB, Global Health Center (GHC), US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Beata Sangwayire
- Division of Global HIV and TB, Global Health Center (GHC), US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Justine Umutesi
- Institute of HIV Disease Prevention and Control, Rwanda Biomedical Centre (RBC) ), Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Horacio Ruisenor-Escudero
- Division of Global HIV and TB, Global Health Center (GHC), US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tom Oluoch
- Division of Global HIV and TB, Global Health Center (GHC), US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Kigali, Rwanda
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Wang LT, Chen YH, Cheng Y, Fan HL, Chen TW, Shih YL, Hsieh TY, Huang WY, Huang WC. Clinical implications of hepatitis B virus core antigen-mediated immunopathologic T cell responses in chronic hepatitis B. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29515. [PMID: 38469923 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection significantly impacts Asian populations. The influences of continuous HBV antigen and inflammatory stimulation to T cells in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remain unclear. In this study, we first conducted bioinformatics analysis to assess T-cell signaling pathways in CHB patients. In a Taiwanese cohort, we examined the phenotypic features of HBVcore -specific T cells and their correlation with clinical parameters. We used core protein overlapping peptides from the Taiwan prevalent genotype B HBV to investigate the antiviral response and the functional implication of HBV-specific T cells. In line with Taiwanese dominant HLA-alleles, we also evaluated ex vivo HBVcore -specific T cells by pMHC-tetramers targeting epitopes within HBV core protein. Compared to healthy subjects, we disclosed CD8 T cells from CHB patients had higher activation marker CD38 levels but showed an upregulation in the inhibitory receptor PD-1. Our parallel study showed HBV-specific CD8 T cells were more activated with greater PD-1 expression than CMV-specific subset and bulk CD8 T cells. Moreover, our longitudinal study demonstrated a correlation between the PD-1 fluctuation pattern of HBVcore -specific CD8 T cells and liver inflammation in CHB patients. Our research reveals the HBV core antigen-mediated immunopathologic profile of CD8 T cells in chronic HBV infection. Our findings suggest the PD-1 levels of HBVcore -specific CD8 T cells can be used as a valuable indicator of personal immune response for clinical application in hepatitis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Tzu Wang
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hong Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yang Cheng
- Division of Infectious Disease & Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Lung Fan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Organ Transplantation Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Wei Chen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Organ Transplantation Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lueng Shih
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Yuan Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yen Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Burden of liver cancer mortality by county, race, and ethnicity in the USA, 2000-19: a systematic analysis of health disparities. Lancet Public Health 2024; 9:e186-e198. [PMID: 38429018 PMCID: PMC10986755 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(24)00002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how specific populations are affected by liver cancer is important for identifying priorities, policies, and interventions to mitigate health risks and reduce disparities. This study aims to provide comprehensive analysis of rates and trends in liver cancer mortality for different racial and ethnic populations in the USA nationally and at the county level from 2000 to 2019. METHODS We applied small-area estimation methods to death registration data from the US National Vital Statistics System and population data from the US National Center for Health Statistics to estimate liver cancer mortality rates by county, racial and ethnic population, and year (2000-19) in the USA. Race and ethnicity were categorised as non-Latino and non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native (AIAN), non-Latino and non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander (Asian), non-Latino and non-Hispanic Black (Black), Latino or Hispanic (Latino), and non-Latino and non-Hispanic White (White). Estimates were adjusted using published misclassification ratios to correct for inaccuracies in race or ethnicity as recorded on death certificates, and then age-standardised. Mortality rate estimates are presented for all county and racial and ethnic population combinations with a mean annual population greater than 1000. FINDINGS Nationally, the age-standardised liver cancer mortality rate increased between the years 2000 (4·2 deaths per 100 000 population [95% uncertainty interval 4·1-4·3]) and 2016 (6·0 per 100 000 [5·9-6·1]), followed by a stabilisation in rates from 2016 to 2019 (6·1 per 100 000 [6·0-6·2]). Similar trends were observed across the AIAN, Black, Latino, and White populations, whereas the Asian population showed an overall decrease across the 20-year study period. Qualitatively similar trends were observed in most counties; however, the mortality rate and the rate of change varied substantially across counties, both within and across racial and ethnic populations. For the 2016-19 period, mortality continued to increase at a substantial rate in some counties even while it stabilised nationally. Nationally, the White population had the lowest mortality rate in all years, while the racial and ethnic population with the highest rate changed from the Asian population in 2000 to the AIAN population in 2019. Racial and ethnic disparities were substantial: in 2019, mortality was highest in the AIAN population (10·5 deaths per 100 000 [9·1-12·0]), notably lower for the Asian (7·5 per 100 000 [7·1-7·9]), Black (7·6 per 100 000 [7·3-7·8]), and Latino (7·7 per 100 000 [7·5-8·0]) populations, and lowest for the White population (5·5 [5·4-5·6]). These racial and ethnic disparities in mortality were prevalent throughout the country: in 2019, mortality was higher in minoritised racial and ethnic populations than in the White population living in the same county in 408 (87·7%) of 465 counties with unmasked estimates for the AIAN population, 604 (90·6%) of 667 counties for the Asian population, 1207 (81·2%) of 1486 counties for the Black population, and 1073 (73·0%) of 1469 counties for the Latino population. INTERPRETATION Although the plateau in liver cancer mortality rates in recent years is encouraging, mortality remains too high in many locations throughout the USA, particularly for minoritised racial and ethnic populations. Addressing population-specific risk factors and differences in access to quality health care is essential for decreasing the burden and disparities in liver cancer mortality across racial and ethnic populations and locations. FUNDING US National Institutes of Health (Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Intramural Research Program, National Cancer Institute; National Institute on Aging; National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases; Office of Disease Prevention; and Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research).
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Olakunde BO, Itanyi IU, Onyeka TC, Paintsil E, Torpey K, Lasebikan N, Chigbu CO, Ezeanolue EE. Hepatitis B vaccine birth dose coverage among hepatitis B-exposed and hepatitis B-unexposed infants: evidence from the Healthy Beginning Initiative program in Benue State, Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J 2024; 47:67. [PMID: 38681098 PMCID: PMC11055182 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2024.47.67.40466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nigeria offers universal hepatitis B birth-dose vaccine (HepB-BD) for the prevention and control of hepatitis B (HepB). While prior studies suggest low coverage of HepB-BD in Nigeria, there is a paucity of evidence on the association between the uptake of HepB-BD and maternal HepB status. This study aimed to determine HepB-BD coverage and the associated factors among infants of HepB-positive and -negative women in Nigeria. Methods the study was a secondary analysis of data from the Healthy Beginning Initiative program conducted between June 2016 and October 2018 in Benue State, Nigeria. The analysis was restricted to data from a cohort of 6269 mothers who had HepB screening during pregnancy and completed the HepB infant immunization question in the post-delivery survey. The association between the coverage of HepB-BD and maternal HepB status, sociodemographic characteristics, and obstetric factors were determined using crude and adjusted relative risks. Results about 10% of the women tested HepB positive. The coverage of HepB-BD was 64% (63.2% among infants of HepB-positive mothers and 63.8% among HepB-negative mothers). The likelihood of infants of HepB-positive mothers receiving HepB-BD was not significantly different from infants of HepB-negative mothers (aRR=0.97, 95%CI= 0.92-1.04). Among HepB-positive mothers, infants of mothers younger than 20 years (aRR=1.49, 95%CI=1.03-2.16) or those who received antenatal care (aRR=1.41, 95%CI=1.16-1.71) were more likely to receive HepB-BD, while mothers with no previous pregnancies (aRR=0.73, 95%CI=0.59-0.91) were less likely to receive HepB-BD. Among HepB-negative mothers, infants of less-educated mothers were less likely to receive HepB-BD (aRR=0.96, 95%CI=0.92-0.99), whereas infants of mothers who received antenatal care (aRR=1.23, 95%CI=1.16-1.31) or had an institutional delivery were more likely (aRR=1.29, 95%CI=1.23-1.36) to receive HepB-BD. Conclusion: our findings highlight the need to improve HepB-BD uptake, particularly among HepB-exposed infants who are at risk of perinatal transmission of HepB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babayemi Oluwaseun Olakunde
- Department of Community Prevention and Care Services, National Agency for the Control of AIDS, Abuja, Nigeria
- Center for Translation and Implementation Research, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Ijeoma Uchenna Itanyi
- Center for Translation and Implementation Research, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Tonia Chinyelu Onyeka
- Center for Translation and Implementation Research, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Anesthesia/Pain and Palliative Care Unit, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Elijah Paintsil
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kwasi Torpey
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Nwamaka Lasebikan
- Center for Translation and Implementation Research, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Radiation Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Chibuike Ogwuegbu Chigbu
- Center for Translation and Implementation Research, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Echezona Edozie Ezeanolue
- Center for Translation and Implementation Research, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
- Healthy Sunrise Foundation, Nevada, USA
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Ford CE, Dunn CD, Leis EM, Thiel WA, Goldberg TL. Five Species of Wild Freshwater Sport Fish in Wisconsin, USA, Reveal Highly Diverse Viromes. Pathogens 2024; 13:150. [PMID: 38392888 PMCID: PMC10891596 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies of marine fish have revealed distant relatives of viruses important to global fish and animal health, but few such studies exist for freshwater fish. To investigate whether freshwater fish also host such viruses, we characterized the viromes of five wild species of freshwater fish in Wisconsin, USA: bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), brown trout (Salmo trutta), lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens), northern pike (Esox lucius), and walleye (Sander vitreus). We analyzed 103 blood serum samples collected during a state-wide survey from 2016 to 2020 and used a metagenomic approach for virus detection to identify known and previously uncharacterized virus sequences. We then characterized viruses phylogenetically and quantified prevalence, richness, and relative abundance for each virus. Within these viromes, we identified 19 viruses from 11 viral families: Amnoonviridae, Circoviridae, Coronaviridae, Hepadnaviridae, Peribunyaviridae, Picobirnaviridae, Picornaviridae, Matonaviridae, Narnaviridae, Nudnaviridae, and Spinareoviridae, 17 of which were previously undescribed. Among these viruses was the first fish-associated coronavirus from the Gammacoronavirus genus, which was present in 11/15 (73%) of S. vitreus. These results demonstrate that, similar to marine fish, freshwater fish also harbor diverse relatives of viruses important to the health of fish and other animals, although it currently remains unknown what effect, if any, the viruses we identified may have on fish health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E. Ford
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (C.E.F.); (C.D.D.)
| | - Christopher D. Dunn
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (C.E.F.); (C.D.D.)
| | - Eric M. Leis
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, La Crosse Fish Health Center—Midwest Fisheries Center, Onalaska, WI 54650, USA;
| | - Whitney A. Thiel
- Robert P. Hanson Laboratories, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | - Tony L. Goldberg
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (C.E.F.); (C.D.D.)
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Muñoz-Restrepo AM, Navas MC, Daza J, Girala M, Ridruejo E, Gerken G, Teufel A. Prevention in Hepatology. J Pers Med 2024; 14:132. [PMID: 38392566 PMCID: PMC10890057 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevention of liver disease has improved significantly in the last few decades, to the point that it can now be considered a true success story. The wide variety of interventions, including comprehensive vaccination strategies, novel medications, lifestyle changes, and even preventive surgeries, have reduced the morbidity and mortality of chronic liver diseases. However, the prevalence of chronic liver diseases is increasing worldwide. Currently, fatty liver disease alone is estimated to be present in as much as 30% of the adult population. Furthermore, there is a trend towards increasing incidences of chronic hepatitis B, and a global lack of success in efforts to eliminate chronic hepatitis C. Thus, improving and efficiently rolling out existing and successful prevention strategies for chronic liver diseases will play an essential role in healthcare throughout the upcoming decades. In this review, we summarize the current options and concepts for preventing chronic liver diseases, highlight their limitations, and provide an outlook on probable future developments to improve awareness, integrated care, and the analysis of big data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Muñoz-Restrepo
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (A.-M.M.-R.); (J.D.)
- Grupo Gastrohepatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Calle 70 # 52-21, Medellin 050010, Colombia;
| | - Maria-Cristina Navas
- Grupo Gastrohepatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Calle 70 # 52-21, Medellin 050010, Colombia;
| | - Jimmy Daza
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (A.-M.M.-R.); (J.D.)
| | - Marcos Girala
- Department of Hepatology, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo 111421, Paraguay;
| | - Ezequiel Ridruejo
- Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine, Center for Medical Education and Clinical Research, Norberto Quirno CEMIC, Buenos Aires 1431, Argentina;
| | - Guido Gerken
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Andreas Teufel
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (A.-M.M.-R.); (J.D.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Healthy Metabolism, Center for Preventive Medicine, and Digital Health (CPD), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69117 Mannheim, Germany
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15
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Yang L, Xie N, Yao Y, Wang C, Tian M, Wang K. Hepatitis B time series in Xinjiang, China (2006-2021): change point detection based on the Mann-Kendall-Sneyers test. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2024; 21:2458-2469. [PMID: 38454691 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2024108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis B is a major global challenge, but there is a lack of epidemiological research on hepatitis B incidence from a change point perspective. This study aimed to fill this gap by identifying significant change points and trends in hepatitis time series in Xinjiang, China. The datasets were obtained from the Xinjiang Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. The Mann-Kendall-Sneyers (MKS) test was used to detect change points and trend changes on the hepatitis B time series of 14 regions in Xinjiang, and the effectiveness of this method was validated by comparing it with the binary segmentation (BS) and segment regression (SR) methods. Based on the results of change point analysis, the prevention and control policies and measures of hepatitis in Xinjiang were discussed. The results showed that 8 regions (57.1%) with at least one change fell within the 95% confidence interval (CI) in all 14 regions by the MKS test, where five regions (Turpan (TP), Hami (HM), Bayingolin (BG), Kyzylsu Kirgiz (KK), Altai (AT)) were identified at one change point, two change points existed for two regions (Aksu (AK), Hotan (HT)) and three change points was detected in 1 region (Bortala (BT)). Most of the change points occurred at both ends of the sequence. More change points indicated an upward trend in the front half of the sequence, while in the latter half, many change points indicated a downward trend prominently. Finally, in comparing the results of the three change point tests, the MKS test showed a 61.5% agreement (8/13) with the BS and SR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Yang
- College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Na Xie
- Department of Immunization Programme, Xinjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Yanru Yao
- College of Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- College of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Maozai Tian
- College of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China
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Yao N, Liu Y, Xu J, Wang Q, Zhou Q, Wang Y, Yi D, Wu Y. Identification of associated risk factors for serological distribution of hepatitis B virus via machine learning models. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:66. [PMID: 38195403 PMCID: PMC10775609 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08911-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The provincial-level sero-survey was launched to learn the updated seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the general population aged 1-69 years in Chongqing and to assess the risk factors for HBV infection to effectively screen persons with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). METHODS A total of 1828 individuals aged 1-69 years were investigated, and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HBsAg (HBsAb), and antibody to B core antigen (HBcAb) were detected. Logistic regression and three machine learning (ML) algorithms, including random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and stochastic gradient boosting (SGB), were developed for analysis. RESULTS The HBsAg prevalence of the total population was 3.83%, and among persons aged 1-14 years and 15-69 years, it was 0.24% and 4.89%, respectively. A large figure of 95.18% (770/809) of adults was unaware of their occult HBV infection. Age, region, and immunization history were found to be statistically associated with HBcAb prevalence with a logistic regression model. The prediction accuracies were 0.717, 0.727, and 0.725 for the proposed RF, SVM, and SGB models, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The logistic regression integrated with ML models could helpfully screen the risk factors for HBV infection and identify high-risk populations with CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yao
- Department of Health Statistics, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, NO.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NO.8 Changjiang 2nd Street, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NO.8 Changjiang 2nd Street, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NO.8 Changjiang 2nd Street, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NO.8 Changjiang 2nd Street, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Quanhua Zhou
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NO.8 Changjiang 2nd Street, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NO.8 Changjiang 2nd Street, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Dong Yi
- Department of Health Statistics, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, NO.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Yazhou Wu
- Department of Health Statistics, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, NO.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Sun T, Xiao S, Wang M, Xie Q, Zhang L, Gong M, Zhang D, Zhou C. Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging Nanozymes: Emerging Therapeutics for Acute Liver Injury Alleviation. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:7901-7922. [PMID: 38148856 PMCID: PMC10750792 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s435544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute liver injury (AIL), a fatal clinical disease featured with a swift deterioration of hepatocyte functions in the short term, has emerged as a serious public health issues that warrants attention. However, the effectiveness of existing small molecular antioxidants and anti-inflammatory medications in alleviating AIL remains uncertain. The unique inherent structural characteristics of liver confer it a natural propensity for nanoparticle capture, which present an opportunity to exploit in the formulation of nanoscale therapeutic agents, enabling their selective accumulation in the liver and thereby facilitating targeted therapeutic interventions. Significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and inflammation response have been evidenced to play crucial roles in occurrence and development of AIL. Nanozymes with ROS-scavenging capacities have demonstrated considerable promise in ROS elimination and inflammation regulation, thereby offering an appealing therapeutic instrument for the management of acute liver injury. In this review, the mechanisms of different type of ALI were summarized. In addition, we provide a comprehensive summary and review of the available ROS-scavenging nanozymes, including transition metal-based nanozymes, noble metal nanozymes, carbon-based nanozymes, and some other nanozymes. Furthermore, the challenges still need to be solved in the field of ROS-scavenging nanozymes for ALI alleviation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shilin Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Xie
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingfu Gong
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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Saseetharran A, Hiebert L, Gupta N, Nyirahabihirwe F, Kamali I, Ward JW. Prevention, testing, and treatment interventions for hepatitis B and C in refugee populations: results of a scoping review. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:866. [PMID: 38071291 PMCID: PMC10709891 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08861-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Refugees are at higher risk for hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV), but often face unique healthcare barriers to vaccination, testing, and treatment. This scoping review aimed to identify and characterize HBV and HCV prevention and care services serving refugee populations globally. METHODS A literature search was conducted on Embase, Cochrane, and PubMed databases. Research studies published in English between January 2010 to July 2022 describing an HBV or HCV prevention, testing, or treatment intervention for refugees were included. RESULTS There were a total of 69 articles reporting viral hepatitis prevalence, implementation of services, or economic modelling. Of the 38 implementation studies, 14 were stand-alone HBV and/or HCV interventions, while 24 studies included HBV and/or HCV in an intervention targeting multiple infectious diseases and/or parasitic infections. Interventions commonly included a testing (n = 30) or referral (n = 24) component. Frequently reported features to promote program accessibility included bilingual services (n = 25), community partnerships (n = 21), and multidisciplinary staff members (n = 18), such as cultural and/or linguistic mediators, community health workers, community health leaders, lay health workers, local health staff, members of the refugee community, and social workers. The most commonly reported challenge was the transience of refugees (n = 5). Twenty studies noted funding sources, of which twelve reported governmental funding (not including national health insurance) and eight reported that refugees received national health insurance. CONCLUSIONS This is the first scoping review to characterize the types of hepatitis prevention, screening, and treatment interventions serving refugee populations globally. Published experiences of HBV and HCV services for refugee populations remain limited. Additional efforts are needed to disseminate models of hepatitis interventions for refugees to ensure access to care for this key population. To achieve hepatitis elimination globally, best practices must be identified and shared to expand access to hepatitis services for refugee populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankeeta Saseetharran
- Coalition for Global Hepatitis Elimination, 330 W Ponce de Leon Ave, Decatur, GA 30030, USA.
| | - Lindsey Hiebert
- Coalition for Global Hepatitis Elimination, 330 W Ponce de Leon Ave, Decatur, GA 30030, USA
| | - Neil Gupta
- Coalition for Global Hepatitis Elimination, 330 W Ponce de Leon Ave, Decatur, GA 30030, USA
| | | | | | - John W Ward
- Coalition for Global Hepatitis Elimination, 330 W Ponce de Leon Ave, Decatur, GA 30030, USA
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Nguyen UD, Le Do Q, Vu QAN, Trieu NT, Dao TT, Van Le N, Nguyen ST, Hoang TT, Nguyen CT, Nguyen TH, Van Nguyen D, Ho TH. Selective detection of HBV pre-genomic RNA in chronic hepatitis B patients using a novel RT-PCR assay. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:5281-5289. [PMID: 37572154 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01162-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
In chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, quantification of HBV pgRNA in plasma has the potential to provide information on disease prognosis and liver injury or histopathology. However, current methods for detecting HBV pgRNA present technical difficulties due to the co-existence of HBV DNA in plasma samples. We have successfully established a novel one-step RT-PCR assay that allows selective quantification of HBV pgRNA. Two cohorts of participants were recruited for assay validation, including treatment-naïve patients with CHB and HBeAg-positive CHB patients who were treated with Tenofovir and monitored for 6 months to assess the predictive value of baseline HBV RNA for HBeAg seroclearance. Statistical analysis was performed using MedCalc version 20.019 software. The novel selective one-step RT-PCR assay for detecting HBV pgRNA was validated with a limit of detection of 100 copies/mL. The assay was able to selectively measure HBV pgRNA even in the presence of excess HBV rcDNA. In treatment-naïve CHB patients, HBV pgRNA levels were significantly lower than HBV DNA concentration. Serum HBV DNA levels and HBeAg status were positively associated with HBV pgRNA. Baseline serum HBV pgRNA levels were found to be strong predictors of HBeAg seroclearance after 6 months of Tenofovir treatment. The study presents a novel RT-PCR assay that allows accurate measurement of plasma HBV pgRNA in chronic hepatitis B patients, even in the presence of excess HBV DNA. The assay is highly selective and represents a significant advancement with potential for further breakthroughs in understanding the clinical significance of HBV pgRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ung Dinh Nguyen
- Department of Genomics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy (IBP), Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Quyen Le Do
- Department of Infectious Disease, 103 Military Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Quynh Anh Nguyen Vu
- Department of Genomics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy (IBP), Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyet Thi Trieu
- Department of Genomics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy (IBP), Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trang Thuy Dao
- Department of Genomics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy (IBP), Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nam Van Le
- Department of Infectious Disease, 103 Military Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Son Thai Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology, 103 Military Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Medical Testing Center, Medlatec Group, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tuyen Tien Hoang
- Department of Infectious Disease, 103 Military Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chinh Trong Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Disease, 103 Military Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thang Hong Nguyen
- Outpatient Department, 103 Military Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dien Van Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Disease, 103 Military Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Tho Huu Ho
- Department of Genomics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy (IBP), Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- Department of Microbiology, 103 Military Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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20
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Yang L, Xie N, Yao Y, Wang C, RiFhat R, Tian M, Wang K. Multiple change point analysis of hepatitis B reports in Xinjiang, China from 2006 to 2021. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1223176. [PMID: 38035295 PMCID: PMC10682783 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1223176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Hepatitis B (HB) is a major global challenge, but there has been a lack of epidemiological studies on HB incidence in Xinjiang from a change-point perspective. This study aims to bridge this gap by identifying significant change points and trends. Method The datasets were obtained from the Xinjiang Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Change points were identified using binary segmentation for full datasets and a segmented regression model for five age groups. Results The results showed four change points for the quarterly HB time series, with the period between the first change point (March 2007) and the second change point (March 2010) having the highest mean number of HB reports. In the subsequent segments, there was a clear downward trend in reported cases. The segmented regression model showed different numbers of change points for each age group, with the 30-50, 51-80, and 15-29 age groups having higher growth rates. Conclusion Change point analysis has valuable applications in epidemiology. These findings provide important information for future epidemiological studies and early warning systems for HB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Yang
- College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
- College of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Na Xie
- Department of Immunization Programme, Xinjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ürümqi, China
| | - Yanru Yao
- College of Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- College of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Ramziya RiFhat
- College of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Maozai Tian
- College of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
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21
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Wang C, Zhang S, Zhao J, Wang M, Lu QB, Liu B, Du J, Cui F. Changes and gaps of global and regional disease burden of hepatitis B infection in children younger than 5 years old between 2015 and 2019: A real-world data review. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29241. [PMID: 38010806 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been declared an ongoing health threat, especially infections among children. We compared and updated the disease burden of HBV infection and the effectiveness of vaccination among children younger than 5 years to offer indications for hepatitis B prevention across the world. The country-level data on the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), the coverages of hepatitis B vaccine birth-dose (HepB-BD), three-dose series (HepB3), income level, population density/size, and human development index were collected from open access databases including WHO, UNICEF, and World Bank. Comparison of the prevalence of HBsAg under 5 years old between 2015 and 2019 based on vaccination coverages was conducted by the gamma generalized linear mixed model. Globally, more than 6.3 million HBV infections were estimated in children under 5 years in 2019, compared to 10.1 million in 2015 within the 179 countries involved. The pooled average prevalence of HBsAg among children younger than 5 years decreased from 1.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-1.8) to 0.9% (95% CI: 0.7-1.2). The rate difference or rate ratio was -0.5% (95% CI: -0.6% to -0.3%) or 0.51(95% CI: 0.44-0.58), respectively. Countries from the African region or with lower income/population density/human development indexes bore the most significant disease burden of hepatitis B. Higher coverages of hepatitis B vaccine birth-dose or primary series correlated with significant HBsAg prevalence decreases and much-decreased ratio, independently. Hepatitis B prevention among children under 5 years has significantly been achieved while remaining the most life-threatening disease burden, unequally distributed worldwide. The hepatitis B vaccination should be prioritized for all newborns, especially in those resource-constrained countries or regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Sihui Zhang
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingting Wang
- Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Bin Lu
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuqiang Cui
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University, Beijing, China
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22
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Roma K, Dossaji Z, Haque L, Laeeq T, Gish RG, Brosgart C. Test All for Hepatitis B Virus: Link to Care and Treatment if Quantitative DNA Positive, Vaccinate if Susceptible. Clin Liver Dis 2023; 27:997-1022. [PMID: 37778782 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B infection affects approximately 262 million people worldwide and is responsible for 900,000 deaths annually. This article reviews the major factors limiting HBV elimination, which includes limited linkage to care and complicated HBV testing and treatment guidelines. The article then provides solutions to these pressing issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Roma
- Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at the University of Nevada, 1701 West Charleston Boulevard - Suite 230, Las Vegas, NV 89102, USA.
| | - Zahra Dossaji
- Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at the University of Nevada, 1701 West Charleston Boulevard - Suite 230, Las Vegas, NV 89102, USA
| | - Lubaba Haque
- Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at the University of Nevada, 1701 West Charleston Boulevard - Suite 230, Las Vegas, NV 89102, USA
| | - Tooba Laeeq
- Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at the University of Nevada, 1701 West Charleston Boulevard - Suite 230, Las Vegas, NV 89102, USA
| | | | - Carol Brosgart
- Medicine, Biostatistics, and Epidemiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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23
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Aliasi-Sinai L, Worthington T, Lange M, Kushner T. Maternal-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis Delta Virus. Clin Liver Dis 2023; 27:917-935. [PMID: 37778777 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Maternal-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) can lead to the risk of progressive liver disease in infants, but fortunately effective interventions exist to decrease transmission. Counseling on the risk of maternal-to-child transmission, care pathways to decrease transmission, and the implications of HBV and HDV on pregnancy outcomes are the key components of caring for pregnant people living with HBV and HDV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theresa Worthington
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Marcia Lange
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Tatyana Kushner
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
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24
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Patel A, Dossaji Z, Gupta K, Roma K, Chandler TM, Minacapelli CD, Catalano K, Gish R, Rustgi V. The Epidemiology, Transmission, Genotypes, Replication, Serologic and Nucleic Acid Testing, Immunotolerance, and Reactivation of Hepatitis B Virus. GASTRO HEP ADVANCES 2023; 3:139-150. [PMID: 39129942 PMCID: PMC11307719 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The epidemiology of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has drastically changed in recent decades due to public health initiatives, including universal infant vaccination programs,urbanization driving global travel, and migration patterns. Despite screening of pregnant women and newborns significantly reducing the rate of perinatal transmission in certain parts of the world, other, perhaps more uncommon, routes (e.g., parenteral) have led to outbreaks in specific areas affected by the opioid epidemic and injection drug use. Although our current understanding of the effect of genetic variants of HBV is lacking, we review current knowledge and patterns of genetic variants with geographical predominance, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations. Serologic and molecular markers are used to screen, identify phase and activity of infection, and monitor response to antivirals and/or reactivation. This review will provide the most up-to-date summary of the epidemiology, transmission, genotype, replication, and current methods of screening to follow the various phases of HBV, including immunotolerance and reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankoor Patel
- Internal Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences (RBHS), Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Zahra Dossaji
- Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Kapil Gupta
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Katerina Roma
- Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Toni-Marie Chandler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Carlos D. Minacapelli
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Center for Liver Diseases and Masses, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Kaitlyn Catalano
- Center for Liver Diseases and Masses, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Robert Gish
- Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, Pennsylvania
| | - Vinod Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Center for Liver Diseases and Masses, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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25
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Patil VS, Harish DR, Charla R, Vetrivel U, Jalalpure SS, Bhandare VV, Deshpande SH, Hegde HV, Roy S. Structural insights into modeling of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase and identification of its inhibitors from potential medicinal plants of Western Ghats: an in silico and in vitro study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37811543 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2264400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study was proposed to model full-length HBV-RT and investigate the intermolecular interactions of known inhibitor and libraries of phytocompounds to probe the potential natural leads by in silico and in vitro studies. Homology modeling of RT was performed by Phyre2 and Modeller and virtual screening of ligands implemented through POAP pipeline. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation (100 ns) and MM-GBSA calculations were performed using Schrodinger Desmond and Prime, respectively. Phytocompounds probable host protein targets gene set pathway enrichment and network analysis were executed by KEGG database and Cytoscape software. Prioritized plant extracts/enriched fraction LC-MS analysis was performed and along with pure compound, RT inhibitory activity, time-dependent HBsAg and HBeAg secretion, and intracellular HBV DNA, and pgRNA by qRT-PCR was performed in HepG2.2.15 cell line. Among the screened chemical library of 268 phytocompounds from 18 medicinal plants, 15 molecules from Terminalia chebula (6), Bidens pilosa (5), and Centella asiatica (4)) were identified as potential inhibitors of YMDD and RT1 motif of HBV-RT. MD simulation demonstrated stable interactions of 15 phytocompounds with HBV-RT, of which 1,2,3,4,6-Pentagalloyl Glucose (PGG) was identified as lead molecule. Out of 15 compounds, 11 were predicted to modulate 39 proteins and 15 molecular pathways associated with HBV infection. TCN and TCW (500 µg/mL) showed potent RT inhibition, decreased intracellular HBV DNA, and pgRNA, and time-dependent inhibition of HBsAg and HBeAg levels compared to PGG and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate. We propose that the identified lead molecules from T. chebula as promising and cost-effective moieties for the management of HBV infection.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal S Patil
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Rajitha Charla
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Umashankar Vetrivel
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sunil S Jalalpure
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Vishwambhar Vishnu Bhandare
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
- Department of Microbiology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay H Deshpande
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Harsha V Hegde
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Subarna Roy
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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26
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Abu Baker F, Davidov Y, Israel A, Green I, Taher R, Ben Ari Z, Abu Mouch S. Chronic hepatitis B infection and diabetes mellitus: a double liver trouble? Minerva Med 2023; 114:658-666. [PMID: 36912857 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.23.08428-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concomitant Diabetes mellitus (DM) is commonly recognized in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection, although its impact on liver-related outcomes remains controversial. We aimed to evaluate the effect of DM on the course, management and outcome of patients with CHB. METHODS We performed a large retrospective cohort study utilizing the Leumit-Health-Service (LHS) database. We reviewed electronic reports of 692106 LHS members from different ethnicities and districts in Israel from 2000-2019 and included patients with CHB diagnosis based on ICD-9-CM codes and supportive serology results. These were divided into two cohorts of patients with CHB and DM (CHD-DM) (N.=252) and those with CHB without DM (N.=964). Clinical parameters, treatment figures and patients' outcomes were compared and multiple regression models and Cox regression analysis were performed to investigate the association between DM and cirrhosis/HCC risk in CHB patients. RESULTS CHD-DM patients were significantly older (49.2±10.9 vs. 37.9±14, P<0.001), and had higher rates of obesity (BMI>30) and NAFLD (47.2% vs. 23.1%, and 27% vs. 12.6%, P<0.001, respectively). Both groups had a predominance of inactive carrier (HBeAg negative infection) state, but the HBeAg seroconversion rate was significantly lower in the CHB-DM group (25% vs. 45.7%; P<0.01). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that DM was independently associated with increased cirrhosis risk (HR 2.63; P=0.002). Older age, advanced fibrosis and DM were associated with HCC, but DM did not reach significance (HR 1.4; P=0.12) possibly due to the small number of HCC cases. CONCLUSIONS Concomitant DM in CHB patients was significantly and independently associated with cirrhosis and possibly with increased risk of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Abu Baker
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion University, Hadera, Israel
| | - Yana Davidov
- Department of Liver Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, University of Tel Aviv, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Ilan Green
- Leumit Health Care Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Randa Taher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion University, Hadera, Israel -
| | - Ziv Ben Ari
- Department of Liver Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, University of Tel Aviv, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Saif Abu Mouch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion University, Hadera, Israel
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27
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Moonsamy S, Pillay P, Prabdial-Sing N. Hepatitis B infection status among South Africans attending public health facilities over a five-year period: 2015 to 2019. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0000992. [PMID: 37747913 PMCID: PMC10519597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B, a potentially life-threatening viral infection of the liver, remains a global public health concern despite the availability of effective vaccines for over three decades. The aim of our study was to provide national data on active hepatitis B infections in the public health sector of South Africa. We conducted retrospective analyses on national laboratory data over the period 2015 to 2019. We identified 176,530 cases who tested positive for HBsAg (active infection) with a test positivity rate of 9.02%. Of these active infections, 11,355 (6.43%) were found to be chronically infected. We linked 24,839 (14.07%) and 2,461 (21.67%) HBeAg positive results to all active HBV infections and identified chronic infections respectively. Clearance of HBsAg was observed in 5,569 cases, inclusive of clearance in 135 chronic cases. Active HBV infections were significantly higher in men than women over the five years (p < 0.0001). Among individuals who were vaccine-eligible as infants (0 to 19 years old), we observed 4,981 active HBV infections, including 1,131 infections under five years old, majority of which (65.78%) were under one year old. In the under five-year age group, the HBsAg population positivity rate was 0.02% and test positivity rate was 4.83%. Among all women with active HBV infections (78,935), 85.17% were of reproductive age and of these, 13.73% were HBeAg positive. Without a birth dose of the HBV vaccine, lack of routine HBsAg screening at antenatal care, and HBsAg and HBeAg prevalence among women of reproductive age, it is likely that the majority of cases under five years old were vertically infected. Optimal HBV vaccine coverage, inclusive of a birth dose, is key to eliminating horizontal and vertical transmission of HBV. Early identification of HBV chronicity through real time data analysis is fundamental in reducing the risk of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelina Moonsamy
- Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Pavitra Pillay
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nishi Prabdial-Sing
- Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Virology, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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28
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Peck ME, Bronson M, Djomand G, Basile I, Collins K, Kankindi I, Kayirangwa E, Malamba SS, Mugisha V, Nsanzimana S, Remera E, Kazaura KJ, Amuri M, Mmbando S, Mgomella GS, Simbeye D, Colletar Awor A, Biraro S, Kabuye G, Kirungi W, Chituwo O, Hanunka B, Kamboyi R, Mulenga L, Musonda B, Muyunda B, Nkumbula T, Malaba R, Mandisarisa J, Musuka G, Peterson AE, Toledo C. HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B virus infection and male circumcision in five Sub-Saharan African countries: Findings from the Population-based HIV Impact Assessment surveys, 2015-2019. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0002326. [PMID: 37721926 PMCID: PMC10506706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) has primarily been promoted for HIV prevention. Evidence also supports that male circumcision offers protection against other sexually transmitted infections. This analysis assessed the effect of circumcision on syphilis, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and HIV. Data from the 2015 to 2019 Population-based HIV Impact Assessments (PHIAs) surveys from Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe were used for the analysis. The PHIA surveys are cross-sectional, nationally representative household surveys that include biomarking testing for HIV, syphilis and HBV infection. This is a secondary data analysis using publicly available PHIA data. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were created using pooled PHIA data across the five countries to assess the effect of male circumcision on HIV, active and ever syphilis, and HBV infection among sexually active males aged 15-59 years. Circumcised men had lower odds of syphilis infection, ever or active infection, and HIV, compared to uncircumcised men, after adjusting for covariates (active syphilis infection = 0.67 adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.52-0.87, ever having had a syphilis infection = 0.85 aOR, 95% CI, 0.73-0.98, and HIV = 0.53 aOR, 95% CI, 0.47-0.61). No difference between circumcised and uncircumcised men was identified for HBV infection (P = 0.75). Circumcised men have a reduced likelihood for syphilis and HIV compared to uncircumcised men. However, we found no statistically significant difference between circumcised and uncircumcised men for HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Peck
- Division of Global HIV & TB, HIV Prevention Branch, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Megan Bronson
- Division of Global HIV & TB, Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Gaston Djomand
- Division of Global HIV & TB, HIV Prevention Branch, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Ikuzo Basile
- Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Center, Kigali City, Rwanda
| | | | - Ida Kankindi
- Division of Global HIV & TB, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Eugenie Kayirangwa
- Division of Global HIV & TB, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Samuel S. Malamba
- Division of Global HIV & TB, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | - Sabin Nsanzimana
- Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Center, Kigali City, Rwanda
| | - Eric Remera
- Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Center, Kigali City, Rwanda
| | - Kokuhumbya J. Kazaura
- Division of Global HIV & TB, Centers for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Mbaraka Amuri
- Division of Global HIV & TB, Centers for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Susan Mmbando
- National AIDS Control Program, Ministry of Health, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania
| | - George S. Mgomella
- Division of Global HIV & TB, Centers for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Daimon Simbeye
- Division of Global HIV & TB, Centers for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Anna Colletar Awor
- Division of Global HIV & TB, Centers for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Geoffrey Kabuye
- Division of Global HIV & TB, Centers for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Omega Chituwo
- Division of Global HIV & TB, Centers for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Brave Hanunka
- Division of Global HIV & TB, Centers for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Royd Kamboyi
- Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Lloyd Mulenga
- Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Bupe Musonda
- Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Brian Muyunda
- Division of Global HIV & TB, Centers for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - Rickie Malaba
- Division of Global HIV & TB, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - John Mandisarisa
- Division of Global HIV & TB, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | | | - Amy E. Peterson
- Division of Global HIV & TB, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Carlos Toledo
- Division of Global HIV & TB, HIV Prevention Branch, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
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Karimi S, Mehdipour F, Sarvari J, Ataollahi MR, Ramezani A, Meri S, Kalantar K. Investigation of the frequencies of various B cell populations in non-responder healthcare workers in comparison with responders to hepatitis B virus vaccination. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2023; 117:628-636. [PMID: 37052149 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trad016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B is a major global health problem. More than 90% of hepatitis B-vaccinated immunocompetent adults become fully immune. The main purpose of vaccination is immunization. Whether non-responders have a lower percentage of total or antigen-specific memory B cells in comparison with responders is still controversial. We aimed to assess and compare the frequency of various B cell subpopulations in non-responders and responders. METHODS Fourteen responders and 14 non-responders of hospital healthcare workers were enrolled in this study. We used flow cytometry to evaluate various CD19+ B cell subpopulations using fluorescent-labeled antibodies against CD19, CD10, CD21, CD27 and IgM and ELISA to evaluate total anti-HBs antibodies. RESULTS We found no significant differences in the frequency of various B cell subpopulations between the non-responder and responder groups. Furthermore, the frequency of the isotype-switched memory B cell population was significantly higher in the atypical memory B cell subset compared with the classical memory B cell subset in the responder and total groups (p=0.010 and 0.003, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Responders and non-responders to HBsAg vaccine had comparable memory B cell populations. Whether anti-HBs Ab production has a correlation with the level of class switching in B lymphocytes in healthy vaccinated individuals needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Karimi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Mehdipour
- Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
| | - Jamal Sarvari
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ataollahi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa 7134845794, Iran
| | - Amin Ramezani
- Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
| | - Seppo Meri
- Department of Bacteriology & Immunology and the Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), University of Helsinki, PO Box 21, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kurosh Kalantar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
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Ayele B, Weldehanna D, Demsiss W. Serological Evidence and Associated Factors of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Among Waste Handlers: A Cross-Sectional Study from Northeastern Ethiopia. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:4881-4890. [PMID: 37525632 PMCID: PMC10387244 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s416409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified viral hepatitis, caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), as one of the main global public health issues. People who work in the collection of waste materials, from either household or medical environments, are at greatest risk. Objective To determine the prevalence of and factors associated with HBV and HCV among medical and domestic waste handlers in Northeast Ethiopia. Methods A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2021 at selected healthcare facilities and municipal settings in Dessie town, Northeast Ethiopia. The sample size was determined using a double population proportion formula, and a simple random sampling technique was employed to select 70 individuals in the medical waste handlers (MWHs) group and 206 in the domestic waste handlers (DWHs) group. Five milliliters of venous blood was collected from each participant and tested for HBV and HCV using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23; the prevalence was computed, Fisher's exact test was used, and logistic regression was applied. Results A total of 276 study participants were enrolled and the overall seroprevalence of hepatitis virus was 5.1%. The seroprevalence of HBV infection among MWHs and DWHs was 8.6% and 1.9%, respectively. The overall seroprevalence of HCV infections among MWHs and DWHs was 4.3% and 0.5%, respectively. Medical waste handling, having a history of needle stick injury, and not using personal protective equipment were factors significantly associated with HBV infection. Conclusion The overall seroprevalence of viral hepatitis was high. The prevalence of HBV infection among MWHs was in line with the high endemicity classification of the WHO, and there was a significant difference in prevalence between DWHs and MWHs. Both groups of waste handlers should receive proper attention to protect them from HBV and HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beju Ayele
- Amhara Public Health Institute, Dessie Branch, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Weldehanna
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Amhara Region, 1145, Ethiopia
| | - Wondmagegn Demsiss
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Amhara Region, 1145, Ethiopia
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Treviño-Juarez AS. More Than Just a Promise. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2023; 98:762-763. [PMID: 36201487 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000004988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Sebastian Treviño-Juarez
- Medical student, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México; ; Twitter: @sebtrevj; OCRID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6366-307X
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Choi Y, Lee GS, Li S, Lee JW, Mixson-Hayden T, Woo J, Xia D, Prausnitz MR, Kamili S, Purdy MA, Tohme RA. Hepatitis B vaccine delivered by microneedle patch: Immunogenicity in mice and rhesus macaques. Vaccine 2023; 41:3663-3672. [PMID: 37179166 PMCID: PMC10961677 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination against hepatitis B using a dissolving microneedle patch (dMNP) could increase access to the birth dose by reducing expertise needed for vaccine administration, refrigerated storage, and safe disposal of biohazardous sharps waste. In this study, we developed a dMNP to administer hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) adjuvant-free monovalent vaccine (AFV) at doses of 5 µg, 10 µg, and 20 µg, and compared its immunogenicity to vaccination with 10 µg of standard monovalent HBsAg delivered by intramuscular (IM) injection either in an AFV format or as aluminum-adjuvanted vaccine (AAV). Vaccination was performed on a three dose schedule of 0, 3, and 9 weeks in mice and 0, 4, and 24 weeks in rhesus macaques. Vaccination by dMNP induced protective levels of anti-HBs antibody responses (≥10 mIU/ml) in mice and rhesus macaques at all three HBsAg doses studied. HBsAg delivered by dMNP induced higher anti-HBsAg antibody (anti-HBs) responses than the 10 µg IM AFV, but lower responses than 10 µg IM AAV, in mice and rhesus macaques. HBsAg-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses were detected in all vaccine groups. Furthermore, we analyzed differential gene expression profiles related to each vaccine delivery group and found that tissue stress, T cell receptor signaling, and NFκB signaling pathways were activated in all groups. These results suggest that HBsAg delivered by dMNP, IM AFV, and IM AAV have similar signaling pathways to induce innate and adaptive immune responses. We further demonstrated that dMNP was stable at room temperature (20 °C-25 °C) for 6 months, maintaining 67 ± 6 % HBsAg potency. This study provides evidence that delivery of 10 µg (birth dose) AFV by dMNP induced protective levels of antibody responses in mice and rhesus macaques. The dMNPs developed in this study could be used to improve hepatitis B birth dose vaccination coverage levels in resource limited regions to achieve and maintain hepatitis B elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youkyung Choi
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Grace Sanghee Lee
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Song Li
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Jeong Woo Lee
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Tonya Mixson-Hayden
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Jungreem Woo
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Dengning Xia
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Saleem Kamili
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Michael A Purdy
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Rania A Tohme
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Lin N, Yin W, Miller H, Byazrova MG, Herrada AA, Benlagha K, Lee P, Guan F, Lei J, Gong Q, Yan Y, Filatov A, Liu C. The role of regulatory T cells and follicular T helper cells in HBV infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1169601. [PMID: 37275865 PMCID: PMC10235474 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1169601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B has become one of the major global health threats, especially in developing countries and regions. Hepatitis B virus infection greatly increases the risk for liver diseases such as cirrhosis and cancer. However, treatment for hepatitis B is limited when considering the huge base of infected people. The immune response against hepatitis B is mediated mainly by CD8+ T cells, which are key to fighting invading viruses, while regulatory T cells prevent overreaction of the immune response process. Additionally, follicular T helper cells play a key role in B-cell activation, proliferation, differentiation, and formation of germinal centers. The pathogenic process of hepatitis B virus is generally the result of a disorder or dysfunction of the immune system. Therefore, we present in this review the critical functions and related biological processes of regulatory T cells and follicular T helper cells during HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengqi Lin
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heather Miller
- Department of Research and Development, BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, United States
| | - Maria G. Byazrova
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrés A. Herrada
- Lymphatic Vasculature and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Kamel Benlagha
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, EMiLy, Paris, France
| | - Pamela Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fei Guan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Lei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Quan Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Youqing Yan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Wuhan No.7 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Alexander Filatov
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Mbenenge N, Subramoney K, Gascua Adu-Gyamfi C, Treurnicht FK. Hepatitis B Virus Immunity Gap: A Six-Year Laboratory Data Review of Hepatitis B Serological Profiles in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Adv Virol 2023; 2023:6374874. [PMID: 37234693 PMCID: PMC10208757 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6374874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In 1995, the hepatitis B vaccine in South Africa was incorporated into the childhood expanded programme of immunization. We report on immunity gaps of laboratory-based hepatitis B virus (HBV) among patients in public facilities in Gauteng Province from 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2019. Methodology. We analyzed HBV serological data extracted from the National Health Laboratory Services Central Data Warehouse (NHLS CDW). A descriptive analysis was performed for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibodies to HBV core (anti-HBc) total, anti-HBc IgM, and antibodies to HBV surface antigen (anti-HBs) according to annual distribution, age groups, and sex. Results The HBsAg positivity rate was 7.0% (75,596/1,095,561; p=0.001): 7.4% (96,532/944,077) in the 25 years and over age group and 4.0% (358/9,268 and 325/10,864) in the under 5 and 13-24 year age groups. The positivity rates of the other HBV serological markers were as follows: anti-HBc total was 37.0% (34,377/93,711; p < 0.001), anti-HBc IgM was 2.4% (5,661/239,237; p=0.05), and anti-HBs was 37.0% (76,302/206,138; p ≤ 0.001). Naturally acquired HBV immunity was detected in 25.7% (11,188/43,536) of patients in the 25 years and over age group, and 9.7% and 8.2% (113/1,158 and 541/6,522) among those under 5 years and 13-24 year age group, respectively (p < 0.001). Vaccine-induced immunity was 56.6% (656/1,158) in children under 5 years and 10.2% (4,425/43,536) among those 25 years and above (p < 0.001). Fifty-six percent (29,404/52,581) of patients were HBV seronegative; predominantly among patients in the 13-24 year age group (60.6%; (3,952/6,522)) and 25 years and over (56.3% (24,524/43,536)) (p=<0.001). Conclusion The HBV infection seroprevalence remains high in South Africa, with Gauteng province having high intermediate endemicity. However, the HBV immunity gap has shifted from younger children to older children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonhlanhla Mbenenge
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kathleen Subramoney
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Clement Gascua Adu-Gyamfi
- Brain Function Research Group (BFRG), School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Florette K. Treurnicht
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Huang S, Wang J, Xiong Y, Liu C, Qi Y, Zou K, Tan J, Sun X. Impact of maternal hepatitis B carrier status on congenital abnormalities: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e066017. [PMID: 36977541 PMCID: PMC10069551 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to explore whether maternal hepatitis B carrier status is associated with an increased risk of congenital abnormalities. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Embase (Ovid), Scopus, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and the Wanfang databases. STUDY SELECTION Five databases were searched systematically from inception to 7 September 2021. Cohort and case-control studies that investigated the association between maternal hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and congenital abnormalities were included. This study was conducted according to MOOSE (Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two reviewers independently collected data, as well as assessed risk of bias by using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We pooled crude relative risk (cRR) and adjusted OR (aOR) by DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model. Heterogeneity was explored by I 2 statistics, Cochran's Q test. Several subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS In total, 14 studies involving 16 205 pregnant women exposed to HBV were included. The pooled cRR of 1.15 (95% CI: 0.92 to 1.45; 14 studies included) showed a marginal but not significant association between maternal HBV-carrier status and congenital abnormalities. However, the pooled aOR of 1.40 (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.93; 8 studies included) indicated that pregnant women with HBV infection might be associated with a higher risk of congenital abnormalities. Subgroup analyses of adjusted data showed a higher pooling cRR or aOR on high prevalence HBV infection populations, as well as studies from Asia and Oceania. CONCLUSIONS Maternal hepatitis B carrier status might be at potential risk for congenital abnormalities. The existing evidence was not sufficient to draw a firm conclusion. Additional studies may be warranted to confirm the association. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020205459.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Huang
- Chinese Evidence-based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Real World Data Research and Evaluation in Hainan, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Evidence-based Medicine Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Chinese Evidence-based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiquan Xiong
- Chinese Evidence-based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Real World Data Research and Evaluation in Hainan, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunrong Liu
- Chinese Evidence-based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Real World Data Research and Evaluation in Hainan, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yana Qi
- Chinese Evidence-based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Real World Data Research and Evaluation in Hainan, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kang Zou
- Chinese Evidence-based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Real World Data Research and Evaluation in Hainan, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Tan
- Chinese Evidence-based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Real World Data Research and Evaluation in Hainan, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Chinese Evidence-based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Real World Data Research and Evaluation in Hainan, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Devarbhavi H, Asrani SK, Arab JP, Nartey YA, Pose E, Kamath PS. Global burden of Liver Disease: 2023 Update. J Hepatol 2023:S0168-8278(23)00194-0. [PMID: 36990226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 308.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Liver disease accounts for 2 million deaths and is responsible for 4% of all deaths (1 out of every 25 deaths worldwide); approximately 2/3 of all liver related deaths occur in men. Deaths are largely attributable to complications of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, with acute hepatitis accounting for a smaller proportion of deaths. The most common causes of cirrhosis worldwide are related to viral hepatitis, alcohol, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hepatotropic viruses are the etiological factor in most cases of acute hepatitis, but drug-induced liver injury increasingly accounts for a significant proportion of cases. This iteration of the global burden of liver disease is an update of the 2019 version and focuses mainly on areas where significant new information is available like alcohol-associated liver disease, NAFLD, viral hepatitis, and HCC. We also devote a separate section to the burden of liver disease in Africa, an area of the world typically neglected in such documents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshad Devarbhavi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Sumeet K Asrani
- Baylor University Medical Center, Baylor Scott and White, Dallas, TX, United States.
| | - Juan Pablo Arab
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University & London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada; Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yvonne Ayerki Nartey
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Elisa Pose
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona. Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)
| | - Patrick S Kamath
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
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Yao Z, Dai C, Yang J, Xu M, Meng H, Hu X, Lin N. Time-trends in liver cancer incidence and mortality rates in the U.S. from 1975 to 2017: a study based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 14:312-324. [PMID: 36915450 PMCID: PMC10007921 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-23-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A previous study has examined the overall cancer statistics. However, more detailed statistics regarding liver cancer have not been provided. We evaluated the incidence and mortality trends of liver and intrahepatic bile duct cancer in the United States from 1975 to 2017 based on the data in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Methods Age, gender, race, metastasis, tumor site, and tumor grade of patients were extracted from the SEER database. Codes C22.0 and C22.1 of the International Classification of Disease for Oncology were applied to identify patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and/or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Age-specified incidence, age-standardized incidence and mortality, 5-year relative survival, race-specific accumulative incidence and mortality, and geographic-specific accumulative mortality were calculated in different groups. Changes in trends of liver cancer incidence and mortality were assessed using Joinpoint regression. Results The overall incidence increased significantly from 2.641/100,000 person-years in 1975 to 8.657/100,000 person-years in 2017 [average annual percent change (AAPC) =3.42, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.28-3.62, P<0.001]. The steepest incidence rate increase was observed in the 60-69-year-old age group (AAPC =4.40, 95% CI: 4.10-4.70, P<0.001). Males exhibited a more rapid increase in cancer incidence, from 3.928/100,000 to 13.128/100,000 person-years (AAPC =3.41, 95% CI: 3.21-3.61, P<0.001), than females [from 1.642/100,000 to 4.783/100,000 person-years (AAPC =3.03, 95% CI: 2.91-3.21, P=0.001)]. The overall mortality rate increased from 2.808/100,000 person-years in 1975 to 6.648/100,000 person-years in 2017 (AAPC =2.41, 95% CI: 2.29-2.51, P<0.001). The highest mortality rate was observed in Hawaii (6.996/100,000 person-years). Conclusions The incidence and mortality rates of HCC and ICC increased from 1975 to 2017, especially in males, non-Hispanic Blacks and older individuals. Comprehensive policy and control measures should be implemented to reduce the burden of disease, particularly through health monitoring and intervention for high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cao Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingxing Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Meng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqiao Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Martinez-Castillo M, Altamirano-Mendoza I, Zielinski R, Priebe W, Piña-Barba C, Gutierrez-Reyes G. Collagen matrix scaffolds: Future perspectives for the management of chronic liver diseases. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:1224-1235. [PMID: 36926129 PMCID: PMC10013111 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i6.1224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 1.5 billion chronic liver disease (CLD) cases have been estimated worldwide, encompassing a wide range of liver damage severities. Moreover, liver disease causes approximately 1.75 million deaths per year. CLD is typically characterized by the silent and progressive deterioration of liver parenchyma due to an incessant inflammatory process, cell death, over deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, and dysregulated regeneration. Overall, these processes impair the correct function of this vital organ. Cirrhosis and liver cancer are the main complications of CLD, which accounts for 3.5% of all deaths worldwide. Liver transplantation is the optimal therapeutic option for advanced liver damage. The liver is one of the most common organs transplanted; however, only 10% of liver transplants are successful. In this context, regenerative medicine has made significant progress in the design of biomaterials, such as collagen matrix scaffolds, to address the limitations of organ transplantation (e.g., low donation rates and biocompatibility). Thus, it remains crucial to continue with experimental and clinical studies to validate the use of collagen matrix scaffolds in liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moises Martinez-Castillo
- Liver, Pancreas and Motility Laboratory, Unit of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City 06726, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, United States
| | - Itzel Altamirano-Mendoza
- Liver, Pancreas and Motility Laboratory, Unit of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City 06726, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafal Zielinski
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, United States
| | - Waldemar Priebe
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, United States
| | - Cristina Piña-Barba
- Materials Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 06726, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Gutierrez-Reyes
- Liver, Pancreas and Motility Laboratory, Unit of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City 06726, Mexico City, Mexico
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Post-Vaccination and Post-Infection Immunity to the Hepatitis B Virus and Circulation of Immune-Escape Variants in the Russian Federation 20 Years after the Start of Mass Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020430. [PMID: 36851307 PMCID: PMC9962567 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A neonatal vaccination against the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was initiated in Russia 20 years ago, with catch-up immunization for adolescents and adults under the age of 60 years launched in 2006. Here, we have assessed the humoral immunity to HBV in different regions of Russia, as well as the infection frequency following 20 years of a nationwide vaccination campaign. We have also evaluated the role of immune-escape variants in continuing HBV circulation. A total of 36,149 healthy volunteers from nine regions spanning the Russian Federation from west to east were tested for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), antibodies to HBV capsid protein (anti-HBc), and antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs). HBV sequences from 481 chronic Hepatitis B patients collected from 2018-2022 were analyzed for HBsAg immune-escape variants, compared with 205 sequences obtained prior to 2010. Overall, the HBsAg detection rate was 0.8%, with this level significantly exceeded only in one study region, the Republic of Dagestan (2.4%, p < 0.0001). Among the generation vaccinated at birth, the average HBsAg detection rate was below 0.3%, ranging from 0% to 0.7% depending on the region. The anti-HBc detection rate in subjects under 20 years was 7.4%, indicating ongoing HBV circulation. The overall proportion of participants under 20 years with vaccine-induced HBV immunity (anti-HBs positive, anti-HBc negative) was 41.7% but below 10% in the Tuva Republic and below 25% in the Sverdlovsk and Kaliningrad regions. The overall prevalence of immune-escape HBsAg variants was 25.2% in sequences obtained from 2018-2022, similar to the prevalence of 25.8% in sequences collected prior to 2010 (p > 0.05). The population dynamics of immune-escape variants predicted by Bayesian analysis have remained stable over the last 20 years, indicating the absence of vaccine-driven positive selection. In contrast, the wild-type HBV population size experienced a rapid decrease starting in the mid-1990s, following the introduction of mass immunization, but it subsequently began to recover, reaching pre-vaccination levels by 2020. Taken together, these data indicate that it is gaps in vaccination, and not virus evolution, that may be responsible for the continued virus circulation despite 20 years of mass vaccination.
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Molecular and Genetic Characterization of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) among Saudi Chronically HBV-Infected Individuals. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020458. [PMID: 36851671 PMCID: PMC9964524 DOI: 10.3390/v15020458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to characterize the genotype and subgenotypes of HBV circulating in Saudi Arabia, the presence of clinically relevant mutations possibly associated with resistance to antivirals or immune escape phenomena, and the possible impact of mutations in the structural characteristics of HBV polymerase. Plasma samples from 12 Saudi Arabian HBV-infected patients were analyzed using an in-house PCR method and direct sequencing. Saudi patients were infected with mainly subgenotype D1. A number of mutations in the RT gene (correlated to antiviral resistance) and within and outside the major hydrophilic region of the S gene (claimed to influence immunogenicity and be related to immune escape) were observed in almost all patients. Furthermore, the presence of mutations in the S region caused a change in the tertiary structure of the protein compared with the consensus region. Clinical manifestations of HBV infection may change dramatically as a result of viral and host factors: the study of mutations and protein-associated cofactors might define possible aspects relevant for the natural and therapeutic history of HBV infection.
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Sullivan RP, Davies J, Binks P, McKinnon M, Dhurrkay RG, Hosking K, Bukulatjpi SM, Locarnini S, Littlejohn M, Jackson K, Tong SYC, Davis JS. Preventing early childhood transmission of hepatitis B in remote aboriginal communities in Northern Australia. Int J Equity Health 2022; 21:186. [PMID: 36575515 PMCID: PMC9795589 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-022-01808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis B is a public health concern in Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory of Australia with prevalence almost four times the non-Aboriginal population. Infection is suspected to mainly occur in early life, however, the mode of transmission and vaccine effectiveness is not known in this population. WHO has set a target for hepatitis B elimination by 2030; elimination in this disproportionately affected population in Australia will require understanding of the modes of transmission and vaccine effectiveness. METHODS We conducted the study at four very remote Aboriginal communities. We approached mothers who had chronic hepatitis B and had given birth between 1988 and 2013 for consent. We obtained hepatitis B serology, immunisation and birth details from the medical record. If both mother and child had hepatitis B viral DNA detected, we performed viral whole genome sequencing. RESULTS We approached 45 women for consent, of whom 23 agreed to participate. We included 20 mothers and 38 of their children. Of the 20 included mothers, 5 (25%) had children who were hepatitis B immune by exposure and 3 (15%) had children with evidence of chronic hepatitis B infection at the time of assessment. Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg) had been given at birth in 29/38 (76.3, 95% CI 59.8-88.6) children, and 26 children (68.4, 95% CI 51.3-82.5) were fully vaccinated. Of the 3 children who had chronic hepatitis B, all had received HBIg at birth and two were fully vaccinated. Of the 5 who were immune by exposure, 4 had received HBIg at birth and one was fully vaccinated. Whole genome sequencing revealed one episode of definite mother to child transmission. There was also one definite case of horizontal transmission. CONCLUSIONS Chronic hepatitis B in this context is a sensitive issue, with a high proportion of women refusing consent. Although uncommon, there is ongoing transmission of hepatitis B to Aboriginal children in remote northern Australia despite vaccination, and this is likely occurring by both vertical and horizontal routes. Prevention will require ongoing investment to overcome the many barriers experienced by this population in accessing care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P. Sullivan
- grid.1043.60000 0001 2157 559XMenzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory Australia ,grid.240634.70000 0000 8966 2764Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Department of Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Sexual Health, St George and Sutherland Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales Australia
| | - Jane Davies
- grid.1043.60000 0001 2157 559XMenzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory Australia ,grid.240634.70000 0000 8966 2764Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory Australia
| | - Paula Binks
- grid.1043.60000 0001 2157 559XMenzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory Australia
| | - Melita McKinnon
- grid.1043.60000 0001 2157 559XMenzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory Australia
| | - Roslyn Gundjirryiir Dhurrkay
- grid.1043.60000 0001 2157 559XMenzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory Australia
| | - Kelly Hosking
- grid.1043.60000 0001 2157 559XMenzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory Australia ,grid.483876.60000 0004 0394 3004Population and Primary Health Care, Top End Health Service, Northern Territory Government, Darwin, Northern Territory Australia
| | | | - Stephen Locarnini
- grid.416153.40000 0004 0624 1200Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Margaret Littlejohn
- grid.416153.40000 0004 0624 1200Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Kathy Jackson
- grid.416153.40000 0004 0624 1200Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Steven Y. C. Tong
- grid.1043.60000 0001 2157 559XMenzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory Australia ,grid.416153.40000 0004 0624 1200Victorian Infectious Disease Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, and Doherty Department University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Joshua S. Davis
- grid.1043.60000 0001 2157 559XMenzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory Australia ,grid.414724.00000 0004 0577 6676John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales Australia
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Dong H, Zhao L, Sun H, Shang M, Lv G, Yu X, Hu B, Huang Y. Coinfection of Clonorchis sinensis and hepatitis B virus: clinical liver indices and interaction in hepatic cell models. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:460. [PMID: 36510325 PMCID: PMC9746095 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05548-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, people infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) are commonly found in areas with a high prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis, a trematode worm. Published studies have reported that the progression of hepatitis B is affected by coinfection C. sinensis. METHODS Clinical data from a total of 72 patients with C. sinensis and HBV (as sole infection or with coinfections) and 29 healthy individuals were analysed. We also incubated the hepatic stellate cell line LX-2 with total proteins from C. sinensis adult worms (CsTPs) and HBV-positive sera. In addition, the human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2.2.15 was treated with the antiviral drug entecavir (ETV), CsTPs and the anti-C. sinensis drug praziquantel (PZQ). RESULTS Our clinical data indicated that the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TB) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were significantly higher in patients with coinfection than in those infected with HBV only. In cell models, compared with the model in which LX-2 cells were incubated with HBV-positive sera (HBV group), transcripts of alpha-smooth muscle actin and types I and III collagen were significantly elevated in the models of LX-2 cells treated with CsTPs and HBV-positive sera (CsTP+HBV group), while the messenger RNA levels of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in the CsTP+HBV group were clearly lower. The HBV surface antigen and hepatitis B e-antigen levels were higher in the HepG2.2.15 cells treated with ETV and CsTPs than in those in the ETV group and in the cells administered a mixture of ETV, CsTPs and PZQ. CONCLUSIONS These results confirmed that C. sinensis and HBV coinfection could aggravate the progression of liver fibrosis. CsTPs might promote chronic inflammation of the liver in individuals with HBV infection, resulting in the development of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Dong
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XKey Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhao
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XKey Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.488525.6Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Hengchang Sun
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XKey Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Shang
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XKey Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Lv
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinbing Yu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XKey Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Hu
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XKey Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
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Tewuhibo D, Asmamaw G, Ayenew W. Cost-effectiveness analysis of current non-mandatory hepatitis B vaccination coverage vs expanding coverage among healthcare workers in Ethiopia. J Pharm Policy Pract 2022; 15:65. [PMID: 36253827 PMCID: PMC9575251 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-022-00458-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethiopia is a country with high endemicity in Hepatitis B (HepB) virus infection. However, only 14% of healthcare workers (HCWs) are currently immunized via a non-mandatory strategy in the country. Hence, this study aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of the current vaccination coverage and increasing coverage among HCWs in Ethiopia. METHODS Based on current practice, the study considered a monovalent HepB vaccine, which has a 90% protection rate with a complete three-dose series for lifelong protection. Markov model for current coverage (14%) and expanding vaccination coverage to 80% (as per World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation) was simulated based on the data got from both primary and secondary data. Secondary data, particularly cost and effectiveness data, were gained from published articles, WHO guidelines, and Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health documents. Cost-related data for vaccination and chronic HepB treatment were also gathered by interviewing expertise from Tikur Anbesa specialized hospital. We conducted the study from a healthcare payer perspective, with a 3% discount rate of cost and health outcome as recommended by the WHO. The primary health outcome was measured by the Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER). We employed deterministic analysis and tornado diagrams to manage parameter uncertainty and show a plausible range of cost and effectiveness of variables. RESULTS Current vaccination program is more expensive (USD 29.99) with a more additional cost of USD 1.32 and with reduced effectiveness of 0.08 Life Years (LYs) compared to the expanded HepB vaccination strategy which costs USD 28.67 and gives a relatively high total LY gain of 28.62. The resulting ICER was USD-16.23 per LYs gained. The negative ICER shows that the expanded HepB vaccination strategy dominated the current vaccination strategy. A one-way sensitivity analysis also revealed that the current vaccine coverage was dominated by an increase in the risk of infection among unvaccinated individuals. CONCLUSIONS Expanded vaccination coverage (to 80%) was found the most cost-effective strategy in Ethiopian HCWs compared to the current non-mandatory vaccine coverage (14%). In addition, the results of one-way and two-way sensitivity analysis reveal the robustness of our model conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinksew Tewuhibo
- Department of Pharmacy, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe, Ethiopia
| | - Getahun Asmamaw
- Department of Pharmacy, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Wondim Ayenew
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Yang Z, Sun B, Xiang J, Wu H, Kan S, Hao M, Chang L, Liu H, Wang D, Liu W. Role of epigenetic modification in interferon treatment of hepatitis B virus infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1018053. [PMID: 36325353 PMCID: PMC9618964 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1018053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a small, enveloped DNA virus that causes acute and chronic hepatitis. Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis. Interferons (IFNs) have been used for the treatment of CHB for a long time, with advantages including less treatment duration and sustained virological response. Presently, various evidence suggests that epigenetic modification of the viral covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and the host genome is crucial for the regulation of viral activity. This modification includes histone acetylation, DNA methylation, N6-methyladenosine, and non-coding RNA modification. IFN treatment for CHB can stimulate multiple IFN-stimulated genes for inhibiting virus replication. IFNs can also affect the HBV life cycle through epigenetic modulation. In this review, we summarized the different mechanisms through which IFN-α inhibits HBV replication, including epigenetic regulation. Moreover, the mechanisms underlying IFN activity are discussed, which indicated its potential as a novel treatment for CHB. It is proposed that epigenetic changes such as histone acetylation, DNA methylation, m6A methylation could be the targets of IFN, which may offer a novel approach to HBV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijing Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Baozhen Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingcheng Xiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shaoning Kan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ming Hao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Chang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Dongxu Wang, ; Weiwei Liu,
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Dongxu Wang, ; Weiwei Liu,
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Dieterich D, Graham C, Wang S, Kwo P, Lim YS, Liu CJ, Agarwal K, Sulkowski M. It Is Time for a Simplified Approach to Hepatitis B Elimination. GASTRO HEP ADVANCES 2022; 2:209-218. [PMID: 39132618 PMCID: PMC11307636 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Background and Aims Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continues to threaten millions of lives across the globe, despite universal vaccination efforts. Current guidelines for screening, vaccination, and treatment are complex and have left too many people undiagnosed or improperly managed. Antiviral therapy has been shown to significantly reduce the incidence of liver-related complications, including liver cancer. However, the complexity of existing guidelines can make it difficult to identify which patients to target for treatment, and recommendations that are difficult to implement in real-world settings pose a barrier to eligible patients to receive therapy and contribute to health disparities in HBV care. The goal of this global expert panel was to gain consensus on a streamlined approach to HBV care to facilitate implementation of HBV intervention and treatment, especially in the primary care setting. Methods A group of 8 liver and infectious disease specialists attended a meeting in January 2021 with the objective of gaining consensus on a streamlined algorithm for HBV care that would encourage implementation of HBV intervention and treatment. Results We have created a comprehensive perspective highlighting screening optimization, diagnostic workup, treatment, and monitoring. This treatment algorithm is designed to provide a streamlined visual pathway for risk stratification and management of patients with HBV that can be adapted in various care settings. Conclusion Simplification of guidelines will be critical to achieving health equity to address this public health threat and achieve HBV elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Dieterich
- Division of Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Camilla Graham
- Division of Infectious Disease, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Su Wang
- Center for Asian Health, Saint Barnabas Medical Center, RWJ Barnabas Health, Florham Park, New Jersey
| | - Paul Kwo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford Medical Center, Pleasanton, California
| | - Young-Suk Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chun-Jen Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center at the National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kosh Agarwal
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, England
| | - Mark Sulkowski
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Wang S, Bai Y, Yuan F, Wang T, Luo W, Luo C, Wang Q, Wang D. Effects of hepatitis B vaccination on hepatitis B surface antigen in neonates and its change in vivo. ASIAN BIOMED 2022; 16:265-272. [PMID: 37551314 PMCID: PMC10321203 DOI: 10.2478/abm-2022-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Vaccination is effective to prevent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, there is still a risk of infection after vaccination. In clinical work, we found that newborns were positive for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) after vaccination. Objectives To determine the effect of hepatitis B vaccination on the detection of HBsAg trend in newborns. Methods We collected data at birth, history of vaccination for hepatitis B, quantitative HBsAg results, and other information about newborns born in our hospital from July 2017 to July 2020. Serum samples from healthy neonates were randomly selected to be supplemented with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine on a concentration gradient, and HBsAg was measured quantitatively. Results Data from 1417 neonates were included in the study; 306 (21.6%) were HBsAg positive within 8 d after vaccination, with levels ranging from 0.104 IU/mL to 0.339 IU/mL. The proportion of neonates with HBsAg-positive serum was significantly correlated with the level of hepatitis B surface antibodies (anti-HBs) in the serum of their mothers (P < 0.01). Experiments in vitro showed that the proportion of neonates with HBsAg-positive serum was correlated with the dose of the hepatitis B vaccine, and when the concentration of the hepatitis B vaccine reached 5 ng/mL and 10 ng/mL, the serum HBsAg levels showed a significant negative correlation with the original concentration of serum anti-HBs. Conclusions Hepatitis B vaccination can affect the level of HBsAg detected in neonatal serum, and the effect could be mitigated by delaying the measurement. Moreover, maternal anti-HBs offset the effects of neonatal vaccination on HBsAg serum levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan637000, China
| | - Yuting Bai
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan637000, China
| | - Fangyuan Yuan
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan637000, China
| | - Ting Wang
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan637000, China
| | - Wenyi Luo
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan637000, China
| | - Can Luo
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan637000, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan637000, China
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan637000, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan610041, China
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Sabeena S, Ravishankar N. Horizontal Modes of Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 51:2181-2193. [PMID: 36415805 PMCID: PMC9647610 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v51i10.10977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Horizontal transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a significant transmission route in households, among contact sport athletes and institutionalized individuals. Children often are infected by non-sexual close contacts with an increased tendency to become chronic carriers. Hence, the awareness about various high-risk behaviours leading to horizontal transmission in the community is essential. A systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out to assess quantitatively the pooled prevalence of horizontally transmitted HBV infection globally. Methods The study was started after ruling out registered or ongoing systematic reviews related to this topic in the PROSPERO database. The study protocol was documented in PROSPERO with a registration number CRD42021235165. We searched electronic databases for published articles in English between 1981 and April 2021 reporting horizontal modes of hepatitis B transmission among unvaccinated contacts. Meta-analysis was carried out in STATA version 13.0 (College Station, Texas 77,845 USA). The forest plots were constructed using metaprop package in STATA. Results Forty-one studies were systematically reviewed and 15 studies were qualified for the meta-analysis, including 1619 hepatitis B cases and 4869 contacts. The overall pooled prevalence of horizontally transmitted HBV infection among the contacts was 38% (95% CI 30%-46%). The pooled prevalence among 3,912 household contacts from nine qualified studies was estimated as 44% (95% CI 35%-54%). The pooled prevalence rates among institutionalized individuals and contact sport athletes were 30% (95% CI 23%-37%) and 18% (95% CI 5%-32%), respectively. Conclusion The likelihood of horizontal transmission of HBV is greater among household contacts of chronic carriers of HBV and institutionalized individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasidharanpillai Sabeena
- Clinical Virology, Allure Residency, Near the British School, Kathmandu, Nepal,Corresponding Author:
| | - Nagaraja Ravishankar
- Department of Biostatistics, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Huang Y, Yang Y, Wu T, Li Z, Xu H, Huang A, Zhao Y. Complementary Presence of HBV Humoral and T-cell Response Provides Protective Immunity after Neonatal Immunization. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022; 10:660-668. [PMID: 36062290 PMCID: PMC9396322 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2021.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatitis B vaccination is the most cost effective way to prevent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) efficacy is usually assessed by anti-hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) level, but there are few reports of humoral and cellular immune responses to HepB in children after neonatal vaccination. METHODS A group of 100 children with a history of primary hepatitis B immunization were included in this study to evaluate the efficacy of HepB. Blood samples were obtained from 80 children before, and 41 children after, a single HepB booster dose. Children with low anti-HBsAg (HBs) titers of <100 mIU/mL received a booster dose after giving their informed consent. Anti-HBsAg, T-cell response and percentage of B-cell subsets were assayed before and after the booster. RESULTS Of the 80 children, 81.36% had positive T cell and anti-HBsAg responses at baseline. After the booster dose, the anti-HBsAg titer (p<0.0001), positive HBsAg-specific T-cell response (p=0.0036), and spot-forming cells (p=0.0003) increased significantly. Compared with pre-existing anti-HBsAg titer <10 mIU/mL, the anti-HBsAg (p=0.0005) and HBsAg-specific T-cell responses (p<0.0001) increased significantly in preexisting anti-HBsAg titer between 10 and 100 mIU/mL group. Change of the HBV-specific humoral response was the reverse of the T-cell response with age. Peripheral blood lymphocytes, B cells, and subset frequency decreased. CONCLUSIONS HBV immunization protection persisted at least 13 years after primary immunization because of the complementary presence of HBV-specific humoral antibodies and a T-cell immune response. One dose of a HepB booster induced protective anti-HBsAg and promoted an HBsAg-specific T-cell response. In HBV endemic regions, a HepB booster is recommended to children without anti-HBsAg because of effectiveness in HBV prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmei Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Infection, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ailong Huang
- Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Correspondence to: Yao Zhao, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4550-9436. Tel: +86-23-6363-3083, Fax: +86-23-6360-2136, E-mail:
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High Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and C Virus Infections among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Borumeda General Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1395238. [PMID: 36072475 PMCID: PMC9441365 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1395238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Viral hepatitis are considered as the cause of solemn health problem for the human kind, particularly among pregnant women in the 21th century. Therefore, this study is aimed at determining the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV infection among pregnant women attending at Borumeda General Hospital, Dessie, Northeast Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Borumeda General Hospital from April to May, 2020. A consecutive total of 124 pregnant women who were attending at the antenatal clinic (ANC) of the hospital were included. A structured questionnaire was used to assess the associated factors and some sociodemographic characteristics. Five milliliters of venous blood was collected from each study participant, and a laboratory test using a rapid HBsAg and anti-HCV kit was done. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22. Results The mean age of the study subjects was 25.81 (±5.967) years. The overall seroprevalence of either HBV or HCV infections among the study participants was 14 (11.3%). HBsAg and anti-HCV were positive among 10 (8.1%) and 4 (3.2%) study participants, respectively. There was no coinfection result between HBV and HCV among pregnant women. Pregnant women who had abortion history [AOR 5.723; 95% CI 1.100-29.785, P value = 0.038] and hospitalization history with IV medication [AOR 6.939; 95% CI 1.017-47.322, P value = 0.048] exhibited statistically significant association with HBV infection. Conclusions Seroprevalence of HBV and HCV infections among pregnant women was high, and the rate of HBV particularly can be considered in the high endemic category of the WHO classification scheme. Continuous screening of pregnant mothers, provision of hepatitis B vaccine for females at the child-bearing age, and health education to create awareness about HBV and HCV should be implemented.
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Dong H, Shang M, Luo M, Chen W, Hu B. Effects of co‐infection with
Clonorchis sinensis
on the sex hormones levels in male patients with chronic hepatitis B. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24663. [PMID: 36082466 PMCID: PMC9459257 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Dong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Mei Shang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Minqi Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Wenya Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
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