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Memelink RG, Njemini R, de Bos Kuil MJJ, Wopereis S, de Vogel-van den Bosch J, Schoufour JD, Tieland M, Weijs PJM, Bautmans I. The effect of a combined lifestyle intervention with and without protein drink on inflammation in older adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Exp Gerontol 2024; 190:112410. [PMID: 38527636 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic low-grade inflammatory profile (CLIP) is one of the pathways involved in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Currently, there is limited evidence for ameliorating effects of combined lifestyle interventions on CLIP in type 2 diabetes. We investigated whether a 13-week combined lifestyle intervention, using hypocaloric diet and resistance exercise plus high-intensity interval training with or without consumption of a protein drink, affected CLIP in older adults with T2D. METHODS In this post-hoc analysis of the PROBE study 114 adults (≥55 years) with obesity and type 2 (pre-)diabetes had measurements of C-reactive protein (CRP), pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, tumor-necrosis-factor (TNF)-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, IL-1 receptor antagonist (RA), and soluble tumor-necrosis-factor receptor (sTNFR)1, adipokines leptin and adiponectin, and glycation biomarkers carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) from fasting blood samples. A linear mixed model was used to evaluate change in inflammatory biomarkers after lifestyle intervention and effect of the protein drink. Linear regression analysis was performed with parameters of body composition (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and parameters of insulin resistance (by oral glucose tolerance test). RESULTS There were no significant differences in CLIP responses between the protein and the control groups. For all participants combined, IL-1RA, leptin and adiponectin decreased after 13 weeks (p = 0.002, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001), while ratios TNF-α/IL-10 and TNF-α/IL-1RA increased (p = 0.003 and p = 0.035). CRP increased by 12 % in participants with low to average CLIP (pre 1.91 ± 0.39 mg/L, post 2.13 ± 1.16 mg/L, p = 0.006) and decreased by 36 % in those with high CLIP (pre 5.14 mg/L ± 1.20, post 3.30 ± 2.29 mg/L, p < 0.001). Change in leptin and IL-1RA was positively associated with change in fat mass (β = 0.133, p < 0.001; β = 0.017, p < 0.001) and insulin resistance (β = 0.095, p = 0.024; β = 0.020, p = 0.001). Change in lean mass was not associated with any of the biomarkers. CONCLUSION 13 weeks of combined lifestyle intervention, either with or without protein drink, reduced circulating adipokines and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1RA, and increased inflammatory ratios TNF-α/IL-10 and TNF-α/IL-1RA in older adults with obesity and T2D. Effect on CLIP was inversely related to baseline inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Memelink
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (AUAS), 1067 SM Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Movement Sciences research institute, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Gerontology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Rose Njemini
- Frailty & Resilience in Ageing (FRIA) research department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Minse J J de Bos Kuil
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (AUAS), 1067 SM Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Suzan Wopereis
- Research group Microbiology & Systems Biology, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 BE Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Josje D Schoufour
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (AUAS), 1067 SM Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Tieland
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (AUAS), 1067 SM Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J M Weijs
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (AUAS), 1067 SM Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Movement Sciences research institute, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ivan Bautmans
- Gerontology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Frailty & Resilience in Ageing (FRIA) research department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Geriatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; SOMT University of Physiotherapy, 3821 BN Amersfoort, the Netherlands
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Mun CJ, Speed TJ, Finan PH, Wideman TH, Quartana PJ, Smith MT. A Preliminary Examination of the Effects and Mechanisms of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia on Systemic Inflammation Among Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis. Int J Behav Med 2024; 31:305-314. [PMID: 37231221 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-023-10184-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic inflammation, particularly the elevation of interleukin-6 (IL-6), plays an important role in the maintenance and progression of knee osteoarthritis. Insomnia, being highly prevalent in knee osteoarthritis, is understood to be a risk factor for systemic inflammation. The present study examined if cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) would reduce circulating IL-6 levels to a larger extent than the active control condition via greater improvement in sleep maintenance disturbance at mid-treatment, among individuals with knee osteoarthritis and insomnia disorder. METHODS This is an ancillary study (N = 64) from a larger double-blind, randomized, active controlled clinical trial. Serum IL-6 was measured at baseline, post-treatment, and 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Sleep was measured by daily sleep diaries. RESULTS Overall, there was no significant IL-6 trajectory differences between CBT-I and the active control (p = .64). Compared to the active control, CBT-I demonstrated greater improvement in sleep maintenance disturbance at mid-treatment (p = .01), which, in turn, was significantly associated with lower levels of IL-6 at 3-month follow-up (p < .05). Sleep maintenance disturbance at mid-treatment did not significantly predict changes in IL-6 levels at post-treatment (p = .43) and 6-month follow-up (p = .90). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that CBT-I can be efficacious in improving sleep maintenance disturbance among individuals with knee osteoarthritis and insomnia disorder. However, no convincing evidence was found that CBT-I can substantially reduce IL-6 levels via improvement in sleep. CBT-I alone may not be effective in reducing systematic inflammation in this clinical population. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT00592449.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Jung Mun
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
| | - Traci J Speed
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Patrick H Finan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Timothy H Wideman
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Phillip J Quartana
- Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, USA
| | - Michael T Smith
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, USA
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Kalaitzakis ZE, Giahnakis E, Koutroubakis IE, Mouzas IA, Kalaitzakis E. Bariatric Nutritional Intervention in Obese Patients with Compensated Liver Cirrhosis: A Four-Year Prospective Study. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:1467-1478. [PMID: 38411795 PMCID: PMC11026188 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08223-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and liver cirrhosis represent significant health challenges, often leading to various complications. AIMS This prospective study aimed to investigate the impact of a four-year bariatric intervention, focusing on adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, on anthropometric, hematologic, and biochemical parameters in obese patients with compensated liver cirrhosis. Additionally, the study evaluated the concurrent contribution of weight loss to these health indicators. METHODS The study involved 62 patients with compensated liver cirrhosis (mean age 65.87 ± 6 years) and 44 healthy controls (mean age 59.11 ± 8 years), all with a BMI > 30 kg/m2. Both groups underwent a weight loss intervention based on the Mediterranean diet, with a four-year follow-up. Anthropometric, biochemical and hematologic parameters were evaluated at several time points during the study and their statistical significance was assessed. RESULTS Anthropometric parameters, including weight, BMI, waist and hip circumference, percentage of fat mass, and handgrip strength, exhibited significant improvements (p < 0.05), particularly within the first year of the intervention. Liver function tests and lipid profiles of the patients also showed significant enhancements (p < 0.05). Hematological and biochemical indices, such as hematocrit and ferritin, experienced discreet improvements in the patient cohort (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the potential of a structured bariatric intervention rooted in the Mediterranean diet to positively influence the health of obese patients with compensated liver cirrhosis. The observed improvements in anthropometric, biochemical, and hematologic parameters, particularly within the first year of the intervention, suggest the importance of dietary modifications in managing the health of this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ioannis E Koutroubakis
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ioannis A Mouzas
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Evangelos Kalaitzakis
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Landgren AJ, Jonsson CA, Bilberg A, Eliasson B, Torres L, Dehlin M, Jacobsson L, Gjertsson I, Larsson I, Klingberg E. Sex differences in cytokines and adipokines in obese patients with PsA and controls undergoing a weight loss intervention. RMD Open 2024; 10:e003821. [PMID: 38519111 PMCID: PMC10961525 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2023-003821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this post hoc analysis of a previously published study, we compared cytokines and adipokine levels in women and men with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) at baseline (BL) and 6 months (M6) following a weight loss intervention. METHODS Patients with PsA (n=41) between 25 and 75 years of age, with body mass index (BMI)≥33 kg/m2 were included in a weight loss intervention with a very low energy diet (VLED) for 12 or 16 weeks depending on BL BMI<40 or ≥40 kg/m2. As controls (n=39), obese individuals, already planned for VLED treatment were recruited and matched for sex, age and weight to the patients with PsA. Cytokines and adipokines were measured at BL and M6. RESULTS At BL, serum levels of interleukin (IL)-23, leptin and high molecular weight-adiponectin were higher in women with PsA compared with men, whereas serum levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-12/IL-23 p40 and IL-13 were significantly lower in women. Serum IL-23 was significantly reduced at M6 compared with BL in women but not in men with PsA. In women with PsA, the reduction in IL-23 at M6, ∆IL-23, were positively correlated with ∆Disease Activity Score 28 C reactive protein (CRP) (Spearman's correlation (rS)=0.486, p=0.016), ∆CRP (rS=0.468, p=0.021), ∆leptin (rS=0.683, p<0.001) and negatively correlated with ∆total-adiponectin (rS=-0.433, p=0.035). Also in women, ∆Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis was positively correlated with ∆tumour necrosis factor-α (rS=0.417, p=0.034), ∆IL-1β (rS=0.550, p=0.034), ∆IFN-γ (rS=0.414, p=0.035) and ∆leptin (rS=0.410, p=0.038). None of these correlations were significant in men with PsA. CONCLUSIONS Women and men with PsA differed with regard to serum levels of cytokines and adipokines before and after weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Jonatan Landgren
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Research and Development Primary Health Care, Södra Bohuslän, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Charlotte A Jonsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annelie Bilberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Section of Health and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Eliasson
- Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linda Torres
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Dehlin
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lennart Jacobsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Inger Gjertsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Larsson
- Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Klingberg
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Cho SY, Choi JS, Jung UJ. Effects of Ecklonia stolonifera Extract on Metabolic Dysregulation in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. J Med Food 2024; 27:242-249. [PMID: 38354279 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.k.0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to test the hypothesis that long-term and low-dose supplementation with an ethanol extract of Ecklonia stolonifera may confer protection against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into two groups, one of which was fed an HFD (40 kcal% fat) and the other an HFD+E. stolonifera (0.006%, w/w, ∼5 mg/kg body weight/day) for 16 weeks. E. stolonifera supplementation significantly reduced body weight from week 3 and until the end of the experiment. E. stolonifera-supplemented mice also exhibited lower fat mass (epididymal, perirenal, and mesenteric fat) and smaller adipocyte size than HFD control mice. The two groups displayed similar food intakes, but E. stolonifera markedly decreased lipogenesis and increased lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation in adipose tissue. Moreover, E. stolonifera significantly decreased plasma and hepatic lipid levels, hepatic lipid droplet accumulation, plasma aminotransferase levels, and liver weight by decreasing lipogenesis and increasing fatty acid oxidation. As E. stolonifera-supplemented mice showed improvements in hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and inflammation, compared to control mice, it is possible that the beneficial effects of E. stolonifera on obesity might be associated with decreased inflammation and insulin resistance. Collectively, these results indicate that E. stolonifera could be used as a novel means of preventing and treating obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yeon Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Un Ju Jung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
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Di Bello M, Chang C, McIntosh R. Dynamic vagal-mediated connectivity of cortical and subcortical central autonomic hubs predicts chronotropic response to submaximal exercise in healthy adults. Brain Cogn 2024; 175:106134. [PMID: 38266398 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite accumulation of a substantial body of literature supporting the role of exercise on frontal lobe functioning, relatively less is understood of the interconnectivity of ventromedial prefrontal cortical (vmPFC) regions that underpin cardio-autonomic regulation predict cardiac chronotropic competence (CC) in response to sub-maximal exercise. METHODS Eligibility of 161 adults (mean age = 48.6, SD = 18.3, 68% female) was based upon completion of resting state brain scan and sub-maximal bike test. Sliding window analysis of the resting state signal was conducted over 45-s windows, with 50% overlap, to assess how changes in photoplethysmography-derived HRV relate to vmPFC functional connectivity with the whole brain. CC was assessed based upon heart rate (HR) changes during submaximal exercise (HR change /HRmax (206-0.88 × age) - HRrest). RESULTS During states of elevated HRV the vmPFC showed greater rsFC with an 83-voxel region of the hypothalamus (p < 0.001, uncorrected). Beta estimates of vmPFC connectivity extracted from a 6-mm sphere around this region emerged as the strongest predictor of CC (b = 0.283, p <.001) than age, BMI, and resting HRV F(8,144) = 6.30, p <.001. CONCLUSION Extensive glutamatergic innervation of the hypothalamus by the vmPFC allows for top-down control of the hypothalamus and its various autonomic efferents which facilitate chronotropic response during sub-maximal exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Di Bello
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Catie Chang
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Roger McIntosh
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA.
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Hove C, Chua KJ, Martin MA, Hubble M, Boddy AM. Variation in maternal lactation practices associated with changes in diurnal maternal inflammation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4376. [PMID: 38388564 PMCID: PMC10883910 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54963-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
While the importance of human milk in shaping infant immune function is well established, the impact of at-the-nipple (ATN) breastfeeding on maternal immune status has been understudied. Since lactation evolved to support infant survival and boost maternal fitness, we predict that ATN breastfeeding will confer benefits on maternal immune function. We measure the absolute and relative frequency of different infant feeding methods (ATN breastfeeding, pumping, donated milk, other supplementation) used by postpartum women in Seattle, WA (USA). We implement Bayesian modeling to estimate the effects of ATN breastfeeding on diurnal change in secretion rate of "pro-inflammatory" salivary cytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP). Our results show that most mothers in our sample used a variety of infant feeding methods, with pumping as the most common alternative to ATN breastfeeding. We find that ATN breastfeeding is associated with non-linear effects on diurnal IL-8 and CRP. Furthermore, we find that women who report zero versus ubiquitous ATN breastfeeding exhibit opposing diurnal patterns in CRP secretion rate. This study provides evidence that variation in maternal lactation practices corresponds to differences in maternal immune responses, highlighting how measuring lactation as a continuous variable can further enhance understanding of postpartum maternal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Hove
- University of California, Santa Barbara, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Amy M Boddy
- University of California, Santa Barbara, USA.
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Nagayoshi M, Hishida A, Shimizu T, Kato Y, Kubo Y, Okada R, Tamura T, Otonari J, Ikezaki H, Hara M, Nishida Y, Oze I, Koyanagi YN, Nakamura Y, Kusakabe M, Ibusuki R, Shibuya K, Suzuki S, Nishiyama T, Koyama T, Ozaki E, Kuriki K, Takashima N, Nakamura Y, Katsuura-Kamano S, Arisawa K, Nakatochi M, Momozawa Y, Takeuchi K, Wakai K. BMI and Cardiometabolic Traits in Japanese: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Epidemiol 2024; 34:51-62. [PMID: 36709979 PMCID: PMC10751192 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20220154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many observational studies have demonstrated significant relationships between obesity and cardiometabolic traits, the causality of these relationships in East Asians remains to be elucidated. METHODS We conducted individual-level Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses targeting 14,083 participants in the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study and two-sample MR analyses using summary statistics based on genome-wide association study data from 173,430 Japanese. Using 83 body mass index (BMI)-related loci, genetic risk scores (GRS) for BMI were calculated, and the effects of BMI on cardiometabolic traits were examined for individual-level MR analyses using the two-stage least squares estimator method. The β-coefficients and standard errors for the per-allele association of each single-nucleotide polymorphism as well as all outcomes, or odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated in the two-sample MR analyses. RESULTS In individual-level MR analyses, the GRS of BMI was not significantly associated with any cardiometabolic traits. In two-sample MR analyses, higher BMI was associated with increased risks of higher blood pressure, triglycerides, and uric acid, as well as lower high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and eGFR. The associations of BMI with type 2 diabetes in two-sample MR analyses were inconsistent using different methods, including the directions. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that, even among the Japanese, an East Asian population with low levels of obesity, higher BMI could be causally associated with the development of a variety of cardiometabolic traits. Causality in those associations should be clarified in future studies with larger populations, especially those of BMI with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mako Nagayoshi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Asahi Hishida
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomonori Shimizu
- Undergraduate Course, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Kato
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoko Kubo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rieko Okada
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Tamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun Otonari
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ikezaki
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Comprehensive General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Megumi Hara
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Nishida
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuriko N. Koyanagi
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yohko Nakamura
- Cancer Prevention Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Miho Kusakabe
- Cancer Prevention Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Rie Ibusuki
- Department of International Island and Community Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Keiichi Shibuya
- Department of International Island and Community Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
- Department of Emergency, Kagoshima Prefectural Oshima Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Sadao Suzuki
- Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishiyama
- Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Teruhide Koyama
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Etsuko Ozaki
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Kuriki
- Laboratory of Public Health, Division of Nutritional Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Takashima
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nakamura
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- Yamashina Racto Clinic and Medical Examination Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sakurako Katsuura-Kamano
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kokichi Arisawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Public Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Takeuchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kenji Wakai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Paris T, Daly RM, Abbott G, Sood S, Freer CL, Ryan MC, George ES. Diet Overall and Hypocaloric Diets Are Associated With Improvements in Depression but Not Anxiety in People With Metabolic Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100169. [PMID: 38184198 PMCID: PMC10847486 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The risk of depression and anxiety is higher in people with metabolic conditions, but whether dietary approaches, which are central to the management of metabolic conditions, can also improve depression and anxiety is uncertain. The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of dietary interventions on depression and anxiety in adults with metabolic conditions. The secondary aim was to evaluate the effects of hypocaloric and isocaloric dietary interventions on these outcomes. Four databases (MEDLINE, PsychINFO, EMBASE, and CINAHL) were searched from inception to March 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including dietary interventions in adults with metabolic conditions (type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and/or overweight/obesity) that assessed depression and/or anxiety as outcomes were included. Overall, 13 RCTs were included in the systematic review, ≤13 of which were included in the meta-analysis. Estimates were pooled using random-effect meta-analysis for dietary interventions compared with controls. Improvements in depression scores were found in meta-analytic models including all dietary interventions [pooled estimate for the standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.20 (95% CI: -0.35, -0.05); P = 0.007] and hypocaloric only diets [SMD = -0.27 (95% CI: -0.44, -0.10); P = 0.002]. There were no improvements in depression scores with isocaloric dietary interventions only [SMD = -0.14 (95% CI: -0.38, 0.10); P = 0.27]. In addition, there were no significant effects of any dietary interventions on anxiety scores. In adults with metabolic conditions, all dietary interventions and hypocaloric diets improved depression, but not anxiety. These findings suggest that dietary interventions including hypocaloric diets can play an important role in the management of depression in people with metabolic conditions. This systematic review and meta-analysis has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021252307).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya Paris
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robin M Daly
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gavin Abbott
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Surbhi Sood
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christine L Freer
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marno C Ryan
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elena S George
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
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10
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Ji J, Fotros D, Sohouli MH, Velu P, Fatahi S, Liu Y. The effect of a ketogenic diet on inflammation-related markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev 2024:nuad175. [PMID: 38219223 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Despite the important role of inflammation-related factors on the occurrence of chronic diseases, there is still conflicting evidence about the effects of the ketogenic diet (KD) on these factors. OBJECTIVE In order to obtain a better viewpoint, this study aimed to comprehensively investigate the effects of a KD on inflammation-related markers. DATA SOURCES To find pertinent randomized controlled trials up to August 2023, databases including PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Embase were searched. DATA EXTRACTION This study included all randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of a KD on C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-10 levels. Pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were achieved by random-effects model analysis for the best estimation of outcomes. DATA ANALYSIS Forty-four studies were included in this article. The pooled findings showed that a KD has an effect on lowering TNF-α (WMD: -0.32 pg/mL; 95% CI: -0.55, -0.09; P = 0.007) and IL-6 (WMD: -0.27 pg/mL; 95% CI: -0.52, -0.02; P = 0.036) compared with control groups. However, no significant effect was reported for others inflammation marker-related levels. The results of the subgroup analysis showed that, in trials following the KD for ≤8 weeks and in people aged ≤50 years, the reduction in TNF-α levels was significantly higher than in other groups. In addition, in people with a body mass index greater than 30 kg/m2 compared to a body mass index ≤30 kg/m2, IL-6 levels decreased to a greater extent after receiving the KD. CONCLUSIONS Consequently, adherence to a KD appears to improve some markers associated with inflammation, including TNF-α and IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Danial Fotros
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Sohouli
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Periyannan Velu
- Galileovasan Offshore and Research and Development Pvt Ltd, Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Somaye Fatahi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yinghao Liu
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
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11
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Jabłonowska-Lietz B, Nowicka G, Włodarczyk M, Rejowski S, Stasiowska M, Wrzosek M. Initial Weight Loss, Anthropometric Parameters, and Proinflammatory Transcript Levels in Patients with Class I Obesity. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2304. [PMID: 37626800 PMCID: PMC10452077 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Research into early predictors of effective weight loss could help determine more effective therapeutic interventions. In this study, 106 subjects with class I obesity, genotyped with the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) rs9930506 gene variant, were enrolled into a 12-week weight loss program (WLP). Anthropometric and body composition measurements were controlled with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) at baseline and after 4 and 12 weeks. Biopsies of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) and venous blood samples were collected to monitor changes in interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) mRNA levels in white blood cells (WBCs) and to assess if changes in WBC gene expression reflected changes in adipose tissue. The FTO rs9930506 variant had no effect on weight loss and no reduction in proinflammatory transcripts in WBCs or AT. Changes in anthropometric parameters were associated with changes in carbohydrate metabolism. A linear regression model showed that initial weight loss (after 4 weeks of the WLP) was the most predictive factor of weight loss success after 12 weeks of the WLP. Changes in plasma lipids or proinflammatory transcript levels in WBCs or AT were not associated with weight loss effectiveness. However, the gene expression in WBCs did reflect changes occurring in subcutaneous AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Jabłonowska-Lietz
- Medical Center, National Institute of Public Health NIH—National Research Institute, 24 Chocimska St., 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Nowicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Włodarczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Rejowski
- Liver and Internal Medicine Unit, Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 1A Banacha St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Stasiowska
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University College London Hospital, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Małgorzata Wrzosek
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Landgren AJ, Jonsson CA, Bilberg A, Eliasson B, Torres L, Dehlin M, Jacobsson LTH, Gjertsson I, Larsson I, Klingberg E. Serum IL-23 significantly decreased in obese patients with psoriatic arthritis six months after a structured weight loss intervention. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:131. [PMID: 37501212 PMCID: PMC10373368 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are frequently obese. We have previously shown decreased disease activity in patients with PsA with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 33 kg/m2 following weight loss treatment with Very Low Energy Diet (VLED), resulting in a median weight loss of 18.6% at six months (M6) after baseline (BL). In this study we assessed the effects of VLED on cytokines and adipokines at M6 in the same patients with PsA and controls (matched on sex, age and weight). METHODS VLED (640 kcal/day) during 12 or 16 weeks, depending on BL BMI < 40 or ≥ 40 kg/m2, was taken and followed by an energy-restricted diet. Cytokines and adipokines were measured with Magnetic Luminex Assays at BL and M6. RESULTS Serum interleukin (IL)-23, (median (interquartile range) 0.40 (0.17-0.54) ng/mL vs. 0.18 (0.10-0.30) ng/mL, p < 0.001) and leptin (26.28 (14.35-48.73) ng/mL vs. 9.25 (4.40-16.24) ng/mL, p < 0.001) was significantly decreased in patients with PsA. Serum total (tot)-adiponectin and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin increased significantly. Similar findings were found in controls. Also, in patients with PsA, ∆BMI was positively correlated with ∆IL-23 (rS = 0.671, p < 0.001). In addition, significant positive correlations were found between ΔBMI and ΔDisease Activity Score (DAS28CRP), ΔCRP, Δtumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, ΔIL-13, ∆IL-17 and Δleptin, and negative correlations between ΔBMI and Δtot-adiponectin. CONCLUSIONS Weight loss was associated with decreased levels of leptin and cytokines, in particular IL-23. These findings may partly explain the anti-inflammatory effect of weight reduction in PsA. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02917434, registered on September 21, 2016, retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Landgren
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Region Västra Götaland, Research and Development Primary Health Care, Gothenburg, Södra Bohuslän, Sweden.
| | - C A Jonsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Bilberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Section of Health and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - B Eliasson
- Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - L Torres
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Dehlin
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - L T H Jacobsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - I Gjertsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - I Larsson
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - E Klingberg
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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13
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Yang S, Zhu T, Wakefield JS, Mauro TM, Elias PM, Man MQ. Link between obesity and atopic dermatitis: Does obesity predispose to atopic dermatitis, or vice versa? Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:975-985. [PMID: 37029451 PMCID: PMC10524376 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Two serious health conditions, obesity and atopic dermatitis (AD), share some pathological features such as insulin resistance, leptin resistance and inflammation, and a growing body of evidence suggests a link between obesity and AD. Obesity predisposes an individual to and/or worsens AD, whereas AD increases the risk of obesity. Obesity and AD's interactions are mediated by cytokines, chemokines and immune cells. Obese individuals with AD are more resistant to anti-inflammatory therapy, while weight loss can alleviate AD. In this review, we summarize the evidence linking AD and obesity. We also discuss the pathogenic role of obesity in AD, and vice versa. Because of the connection between these two conditions, mitigation of one could possibly prevent the development of or alleviate the other condition. Effective management of AD and weight loss can enhance the wellness of individuals with both of these conditions. However, proper clinical studies are warranted to validate this speculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The People’s Hospital of Baoshan, Yunnan, China
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco, and Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco, and Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Joan S. Wakefield
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco, and Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Theodora M. Mauro
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco, and Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peter M. Elias
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco, and Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mao-Qiang Man
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco, and Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 510091, China
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14
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Na W, Yu TY, Sohn C. Evaluation of medical nutrition therapy using the food-based index of dietary inflammatory potential (FBDI) in diabetes mellitus patients. Nutr Res Pract 2023; 17:529-540. [PMID: 37266119 PMCID: PMC10232197 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.3.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Inflammation is often associated with chronic diseases, and numerous studies suggest that certain foods can modulate inflammatory status. This study aimed to assess the impact of intensive nutrition education on glycemic control and inflammation in patients with diabetes mellitus using the Korean food-based index of dietary inflammatory potential (FBDI). SUBJECTS/METHODS A total of 120 patients (male: 70, 58.3%) were randomly divided into two groups of 60 each, to be given intensive nutritional education (IE) and basic nutritional education (BE), respectively. As part of the nutrition education intervention, basic diabetes-related nutrition education was provided to both groups initially. In addition, the IE was provided two face-to-face nutrition education sessions based on FBDI over six months, and text transmissions were made at least eight times. We surveyed the anthropometric measurements, biochemical indicators, inflammatory markers, and dietary intake before and after the interventions. We analyzed the effects of the intensive nutrition education using the t-test, χ2 test and paired t-test. RESULTS Of the subjects, 76.7% (46/60) of the IE and 86.7% (52/60) of the BE completed the study. The results of the paired t-test to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition education using FBDI showed that high density lipoprotein-cholesterol increased significantly from 42.6 mg/dL before intervention to 49.2 mg/dL after intervention (P = 0.009), tumor necrosis factor-α significantly decreased from 1.25 pg/mL before intervention to 1.11 pg/mL after intervention (P =.012) in the IE. Also, glycated hemoglobin decreased from 8.0% to 7.5% in the IE but increased from 7.4% to 7.7% in the BE, and the differences between the groups were significant (P = 0.008). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that providing intensive FBDI-based education on anti-inflammatory foods positively affected glycemic control and inflammatory status in diabetes patients. Therefore, practical dietary plans using FBDI should be considered for diabetes patients to prevent increased inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woori Na
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Tae Yang Yu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Cheongmin Sohn
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
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15
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The Role of Nutrition in Mitigating the Effects of COVID-19 from Infection through PASC. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040866. [PMID: 36839224 PMCID: PMC9961621 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The expansive and rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has resulted in a global pandemic of COVID-19 infection and disease. Though initially perceived to be acute in nature, many patients report persistent and recurrent symptoms beyond the infectious period. Emerging as a new epidemic, "long-COVID", or post-acute sequelae of coronavirus disease (PASC), has substantially altered the lives of millions of people globally. Symptoms of both COVID-19 and PASC are individual, but share commonality to established respiratory viruses, which include but are not limited to chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, along with adverse metabolic and pulmonary health effects. Nutrition plays a critical role in immune function and metabolic health and thus is implicated in reducing risk or severity of symptoms for both COVID-19 and PASC. However, despite the impact of nutrition on these key physiological functions related to COVID-19 and PASC, the precise role of nutrition in COVID-19 infection and PASC onset or severity remains to be elucidated. This narrative review will discuss established and emerging nutrition approaches that may play a role in COVID-19 and PASC, with references to the established nutrition and clinical practice guidelines that should remain the primary resources for patients and practitioners.
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16
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Ezzati A, Rosenkranz SK, Phelan J, Logan C. The Effects of Isocaloric Intermittent Fasting vs Daily Caloric Restriction on Weight Loss and Metabolic Risk Factors for Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled or Comparative Trials. J Acad Nutr Diet 2023; 123:318-329.e1. [PMID: 36126910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intermittent fasting (IF) has gained favor as an alternative regimen to daily caloric restriction (DCR). Therefore, there is a need for systematic reviews of randomized controlled/comparison trials examining the effects of isocaloric IF vs DCR on metabolic risk factors for noncommunicable chronic diseases. OBJECTIVE To systematically investigate the effects of isocaloric IF vs DCR on metabolic risk factors for noncommunicable chronic diseases in adults with overweight and obesity. METHODS Five online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar) were searched for articles published from January 2000 through April 2022. The updated Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment tool for randomized controlled/comparison trials was used to assess risk of bias in the included studies. This review includes randomized controlled/comparison trials with matched energy intakes (isocaloric) between IF and DCR among adults with overweight and obesity with ≥8-week durations, that assessed risk factors related to obesity and for diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. RESULTS Thirteen randomized controlled/comparison trials with matched energy intakes (isocaloric) between IF and DCR were identified. The effects of IF on weight loss and metabolic risk markers of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers were varied but generally comparable with DCR. IF (4:3 and 5:2 diets) was superior to DCR for improving insulin sensitivity in two studies. Reductions in body fat were significantly greater with IF (5:2 diet and time-restricted eating) than DCR in two studies of isocaloric diets. CONCLUSIONS With matched energy intakes, IF interventions produced similar beneficial effects for weight loss and chronic disease risk factors compared with DCR. Very limited evidence suggests that IF may be more effective vs DCR for fat loss and insulin sensitivity, but conclusions cannot be drawn based on the current evidence. Future clinical studies with larger populations and longer durations are needed for further elucidation of any potential effects of IF regimens for prevention of noncommunicable chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Ezzati
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas; Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, College of Health and Human Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas; Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, College of Health and Human Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas; Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada.
| | - Jessica Phelan
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas; Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, College of Health and Human Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Cindy Logan
- Academic Services, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
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17
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Mazaheri-Tehrani S, Yazdi M, Heidari-Beni M, Yazdani Z, Kelishadi R. The association between vitamin C dietary intake and its serum levels with anthropometric indices: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2023; 51:101733. [PMID: 36774847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2023.101733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND studies showed inflammatory background of overweight and obesity. Prevalence of weight disorders has dramatically increased over the past few decades. Vitamin C is an antioxidant and may be associated with weight disorders. This study aims to systematically review the relationship between dietary and serum vitamin C levels with anthropometric indices. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in Medline database (PubMed), Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane library and Google Scholar up to the end of August 2021. All observational studies that assessed the relationship between dietary or circulating vitamin C levels and body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) on adults were included. The quality of included studies was assessed using the National Institute of Health quality assessment tool. RESULTS Among 11,689 studies, 47 and 37 articles were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. There was an inverse significant correlation between WC and serum vitamin C levels (r = -0.28, 95% CI: -0.35,-0.21, I2 = 14.2%) and between BMI and serum vitamin C levels (r = -0.17, 95% CI: -0.25, -0.09, I2 = 72.8%). Higher vitamin C consumption was significantly associated with lower BMI. There were no significant differences in serum vitamin C levels between normal-weight and overweight subjects, but serum vitamin C levels were significantly higher in obese subjects in comparison with normal-weight subjects. CONCLUSION Results showed that both dietary and serum vitamin C levels were inversely associated with BMI and WC. More well-designed clinical trials are needed to assess the effect of vitamin C supplementation in prevention and treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Mazaheri-Tehrani
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Yazdi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Motahar Heidari-Beni
- Department of Nutrition, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Zahra Yazdani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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18
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Monomeric C-Reactive Protein in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Advances and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032079. [PMID: 36768404 PMCID: PMC9917083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aimed to trace the inflammatory pathway from the NLRP3 inflammasome to monomeric C-reactive protein (mCRP) in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. CRP is the final product of the interleukin (IL)-1β/IL-6/CRP axis. Its monomeric form can be produced at sites of local inflammation through the dissociation of pentameric CRP and, to some extent, local synthesis. mCRP has a distinct proinflammatory profile. In vitro and animal-model studies have suggested a role for mCRP in: platelet activation, adhesion, and aggregation; endothelial activation; leukocyte recruitment and polarization; foam-cell formation; and neovascularization. mCRP has been shown to deposit in atherosclerotic plaques and damaged tissues. In recent years, the first published papers have reported the development and application of mCRP assays. Principally, these studies demonstrated the feasibility of measuring mCRP levels. With recent advances in detection techniques and the introduction of first assays, mCRP-level measurement should become more accessible and widely used. To date, anti-inflammatory therapy in atherosclerosis has targeted the NLRP3 inflammasome and upstream links of the IL-1β/IL-6/CRP axis. Large clinical trials have provided sufficient evidence to support this strategy. However, few compounds target CRP. Studies on these agents are limited to animal models or small clinical trials.
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Farhadnejad H, Teymoori F, Jahromi MK, Mokhtari E, Asghari G, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. High dietary and lifestyle inflammatory scores are associated with increased risk of chronic kidney disease in Iranian adults. Nutr J 2023; 22:1. [PMID: 36609337 PMCID: PMC9824923 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-023-00835-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic inflammation can be the initiator in developing chronic diseases that may be affected by the lifestyle and diet of individuals. In the current study, we aimed to assess the association of the inflammatory potential of diet and lifestyle, determined by the food-based index of dietary inflammatory potential (FBDI), dietary inflammation score (DIS), and lifestyle inflammation score (LIS), with risk of chronic kidney disease(CKD) in Iranian adults. METHODS A total of 6044 CKD-free individuals aged ≥ 18 years, were recruited from among participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study(surveys 3 and 4) and followed a mean of 6.03 years(follow-up rate:94.95%). Data on dietary intakes were determined using a food frequency questionnaire. The inflammatory potential of diet and lifestyle were determined based on three indices, including FBDI, DIS, and LIS. Using the National Kidney Foundation guidelines, we defined CKD as eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. RESULTS Mean ± SD age of the study population(54.3% women) was 37.8 ± 12.8 years. We identified 1216(20.1%) new cases of CKD during the 6.03 years of follow-up (46,889.8 person-years). In the multivariable-adjusted model, the risk of CKD incident is increased across quartiles of FBDI (HR = 1.21;95%CI:1.03-1.42, Ptrend:0.014) and LIS (HR = 1.28;95%CI:1.07-1.55,Ptrend:0.006). However, no significant relationship was observed between the higher DIS score and CKD risk. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that a higher inflammatory potential of diet and lifestyle, characterized by a higher score of FBDI and LIS, was related to increased incidence of CKD, while no significant relationship was reported between the DIS score and CKD incident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Farhadnejad
- grid.411600.2Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411600.2Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Teymoori
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mitra Kazemi Jahromi
- grid.412237.10000 0004 0385 452XEndocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mokhtari
- grid.411600.2Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golaleh Asghari
- grid.411600.2Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- grid.411600.2Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Skupnevskii SV, Pukhaeva EG, Badtiev AK, Rurua FK, Batagova FE, Farnieva ZG. Improving safety of oil adjuvant-based vaccines. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND IMMUNITY 2022. [DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-iso-1897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
High adjuvant reactogenicity is the main limitation for increasing the effectiveness of vaccine therapy. The aim was to reduce the immunotoxicity effects of complete Freunds adjuvant (CFA) in warm-blooded animals. Materials and methods. The study examined Wistar rats by dividing animals into negative control (solvents); positive control (single subcutaneous CFA injection of 0.1 ml/200 g body weight (b.w.)); the minimum and maximum (per os administration of 1:4 citric and succinic acids in ratio of 17 and 88 mg/kg b.w. during 4 weeks after immunization of CFA) experiment. Body weight, hematological (complete blood count) and biochemical (hydroperoxides, malondialdehyde, catalase activity, mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity) parameters were dynamically investigated. At the end of the experiment, necropsy was performed and the relative internal organ mass coefficients were calculated. The spleen and connective tissue (knee joint) were examined histologically. The median, C25C75 quartiles, MannWhitney U-test were calculated. Results and discussion. it was found that parameters examined were within normal range in animals of negative control group. Immunization of warm-blooded animals with CFA was accompanied by transition of acute-to- chronic inflammatory reaction (week 3 and week 7, respectively). The total leukocyte count increased from 12.5 109 (negative control) up to 26.6 109/L (P = 0.01) on week 3 followed by its decline down to 19.2 109/L (P = 0.01) by week 7. Platelet count also increased significantly: from 506 109 (negative control) up to 656 109/L (P = 0.01, week 3) followed by decrease down to 610 109/L by week 7 (P = 0.01). Activation of lipid peroxidation was manifested by malondialdehyde (MDA) level elevated by 55.861.8% (P = 0.01); the general CFA-related toxic effect resulted in 11.7% weight loss (P = 0.01), spleen swelling and thymus reduction. Administration of antioxidant acids led to a dose-dependent decline in inflammation (leukocyte count at the minimum dosage 19.6 10920.9 109/L; at the maximum 16.6 10916.0 109/L), as well as normalized the platelet/leukocyte index up to 29.536.3 (positive control 24.6, negative control 40.5). The acid-related protective effect was also manifested as maintained body weight, activated catalase and inhibited lipid peroxidation. The therapeutic effect in alleviated degenerative changes in the spleen and connective tissue were revealed: reduced hemorrhagic focuses and swelling as well as preserved histoarchitectonics. Conclusion. The use of citric and succinic acids contributes to profoundly lowered CFA toxicity due to increased total antioxidant status, inhibited lipid peroxidation, improved mitochondrial metabolic activity, which ultimately lead to a decline in general systemic inflammation and allows to recommend such acids as immunoprotectors from oil adjuvant-coupled effects.
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21
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Philippou E, Nikiphorou E. Gluten or no gluten for rheumatic diseases? Joint Bone Spine 2022; 89:105453. [PMID: 35964884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2022.105453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Philippou
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Elena Nikiphorou
- Department of Rheumatology, King's College Hospital, London, UK; Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, King's College London, London, UK.
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22
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Elma Ö, Brain K, Dong HJ. The Importance of Nutrition as a Lifestyle Factor in Chronic Pain Management: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195950. [PMID: 36233817 PMCID: PMC9571356 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In everyday clinical practice, healthcare professionals often meet chronic pain patients with a poor nutritional status. A poor nutritional status such as malnutrition, unhealthy dietary behaviors, and a suboptimal dietary intake can play a significant role in the occurrence, development, and prognosis of chronic pain. The relationship between nutrition and chronic pain is complex and may involve many underlying mechanisms such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and glucose metabolism. As such, pain management requires a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach that includes nutrition. Nutrition is the top modifiable lifestyle factor for chronic non-communicable diseases including chronic pain. Optimizing one’s dietary intake and behavior needs to be considered in pain management. Thus, this narrative review reports and summarizes the existing evidence regarding (1) the nutrition-related health of people experiencing pain (2) the underlying potential mechanisms that explain the interaction between nutrition and chronic pain, and (3) the role of nutrition screening, assessment and evaluation for people experiencing pain and the scope of nutrition practice in pain management. Future directions in the nutrition and chronic pain field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Elma
- Pain in Motion International Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Physical Medicine and Physiotherapy, University Hospital Brussels, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Katherine Brain
- School of Health Science, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Integrated Pain Service, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia
| | - Huan-Ji Dong
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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23
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Arjmand G, Abbas-Zadeh M, Fardaei M, Eftekhari MH. The Effect of Short-term Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) Diet on Hunger Hormones, Anthropometric Parameters, and Brain Structures in Middle-aged Overweight and Obese Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 47:422-432. [PMID: 36117580 PMCID: PMC9445865 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2021.90829.2180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background The rising prevalence of obesity, as well as its detrimental effects on the brain, has drawn attention to specific dietary patterns. This study aimed to examine the effect of the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) pattern on anthropometric parameters, hunger hormones, and brain structures in overweight and obese women. Methods This randomized trial was conducted in Shiraz between October 2018 and March 2019. We analyzed 37 healthy women with a mean age of 48±5.38 years and a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 32±0.69 Kg/m2. Participants were randomly allocated to a hypocaloric modified MIND diet or a hypocaloric control diet. Differences in anthropometric, laboratory analysis, and brain structure were determined at baseline and three-month follow-up. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Independent and paired sample t test were used to determine between and within differences. We also used mixed-model ANOVA to compare the mean differences between two-factor groups. Results A more significant weight reduction (P<0.0001), BMI (P<0.0001), percentage of body fat (P=0.03), waist circumference (P=0.01), and Leptin concentration (P=0.03) were found in the MIND diet group. The results also showed a significant increase in Ghrelin (P=0.002) and GLP-1 (P=0.01) levels in the MIND diet group. The findings revealed no differences in the whole and regional brain structures between the two groups. Conclusion For the first time, this study showed that the MIND diet intervention could improve the devastating effect of obesity on metabolic profiles and anthropometric parameters. However, we could not find its effect on brain structures.Trial registration number: IRCT20190427043387N1.A preprint of this study was published at https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.28.20142018v1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnaz Arjmand
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Abbas-Zadeh
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Fardaei
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Eftekhari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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24
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Castela I, Rodrigues C, Ismael S, Barreiros-Mota I, Morais J, Araújo JR, Marques C, Silvestre MP, Ângelo-Dias M, Martins C, Borrego LM, Monteiro R, Coutinho SR, Calhau C, Faria A, Pestana D, Martins C, Teixeira D. Intermittent energy restriction ameliorates adipose tissue-associated inflammation in adults with obesity: A randomised controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:1660-1666. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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25
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Chen L, Ming J, Chen T, Hébert JR, Sun P, Zhang L, Wang H, Wu Q, Zhang C, Shivappa N, Ban B. Association between dietary inflammatory index score and muscle mass and strength in older adults: a study from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2002. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:4077-4089. [PMID: 35809101 PMCID: PMC9596556 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02941-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic low-grade systemic inflammation affects muscle protein metabolism. The dietary inflammatory index (DII®) is a tool designed to assess the inflammatory potential of the diet. The available data on the association between DII and sarcopenia are limited. We aimed to investigate the association of the DII with components of sarcopenia in individuals over 50 years of age. METHODS This cross-sectional study used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2002 dataset. Body composition was measured, and isokinetic strength of the knee extensors (peak force) was evaluated. Low muscle mass and strength were defined using sex-specific thresholds. Energy-adjusted DII (E-DII™) scores were calculated using 24-h dietary recall data. Regression models were fit to evaluate the association between E-DII scores and low muscle mass and low muscle strength, alone and combined. RESULTS Mean age of study participants was 62.1 ± 9.5 years, and 138 participants (7.4%) belonged to the combination group of low muscle mass and low muscle strength. In multivariable-adjusted regression models, higher E-DII score was associated with lower appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI) (β = - 0.03, P < 0.001, P trend <0.001), and lower peak force (β = -2.15, P = 0.04, P trend = 0.01) and higher likelihood for these components combined (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.01-1.25, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION Higher E-DII score is associated with lower muscle mass and muscle strength, and increased likelihood for the combination of low muscle mass and low muscle strength in older adults. This has important implications for healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Chen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China.
| | - Jingjing Ming
- Department of Emergency Trauma Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China.,School of Nursing, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Tianyi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - James R Hébert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Suite 200, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Suite 400, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations, LLC, 1417 Gregg Street, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Yan Tai Yu Huang Ding Hospital, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Hongya Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China
| | - Qingkuo Wu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Tumor Hospital of Jining, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China
| | - Cancan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Suite 200, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Suite 400, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations, LLC, 1417 Gregg Street, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA
| | - Bo Ban
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China. .,Chinese Research Center for Behavior Medicine in Growth and Development, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China.
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26
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Binou P, Yanni AE, Kartsioti K, Barmpagianni A, Konstantopoulos P, Karathanos VT, Kokkinos A. Wheat Biscuits Enriched with Plant-Based Protein Contribute to Weight Loss and Beneficial Metabolic Effects in Subjects with Overweight/Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122516. [PMID: 35745249 PMCID: PMC9231350 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the impact of daily consumption of a snack fortified with plant proteins with high content in amino acids with appetite regulating properties (BCAAs and L-arginine), as part of a dietary intervention, on weight loss. Seventy adults without diabetes (26 male, 44 female) and with overweight/obesity participated in a 12-week restricted dietary intervention and were randomized to either a control or an intervention group, consuming daily 70 g of conventional wheat biscuits (CB) or an isocaloric amount of wheat biscuits enriched with plant proteins (PB) originating from legumes and seeds, respectively. Anthropometric characteristics were measured and venous blood samples were collected at baseline and at the end of the intervention. Decreases in body weight, body fat mass and waist circumference were observed in both groups. Participants in the intervention group experienced greater weight loss (7.6 ± 2.7 vs. 6.2 ± 2.7%, p = 0.025) and marginally significant larger decrease in body fat mass (4.9 ± 2.2 vs. 3.9 ± 2.4 kg, p = 0.059). A moderate reduction in IL-1β levels (p = 0.081), a significantly higher decrease in TNF-α levels (p < 0.001) and a marginally significant greater leptin decrease (p = 0.066) in subjects of the PB group were noticed. Greater reductions in caloric and carbohydrate intake and a trend towards a higher decrease in fat intake were also observed in participants of this group. Incorporation of plant-based proteins with high content in amino acids with appetite-regulating properties in wheat biscuits may contribute to greater weight loss and improvement of metabolic parameters in subjects who are overweight or obese. Protein enrichment of snacks offers a beneficial qualitative manipulation that could be successfully incorporated in a diet plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Binou
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 17671 Athens, Greece; (P.B.); (K.K.); (V.T.K.)
| | - Amalia E. Yanni
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 17671 Athens, Greece; (P.B.); (K.K.); (V.T.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2109549174
| | - Klio Kartsioti
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 17671 Athens, Greece; (P.B.); (K.K.); (V.T.K.)
| | - Aikaterini Barmpagianni
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Panagiotis Konstantopoulos
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgery Research, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Vaios T. Karathanos
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 17671 Athens, Greece; (P.B.); (K.K.); (V.T.K.)
| | - Alexander Kokkinos
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.B.); (A.K.)
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Osmancik P, Havránek Š, Bulková V, Chovančík J, Roubíček T, Heřman D, Čarná Z, Tuka V, Matoulek M, Fiala M, Jiravský O, Stregl-Hruskova S, Latiňák A, Kotryová J, Jarkovský J. Catheter ablation versus antiarrhythmic drugs with risk factor modification for treatment of atrial fibrillation: a protocol of a randomised controlled trial (PRAGUE-25 trial). BMJ Open 2022; 12:e056522. [PMID: 35705334 PMCID: PMC9204431 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atrial fibrillation (AF), with a prevalence of 2%, is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. Catheter ablation (CA) has been documented to be superior to treatment by antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) in terms of sinus rhythm maintenance. However, in obese patients, substantial weight loss was also associated with AF reduction. So far, no study has compared the modern non-invasive (AADs combined with risk factor modification (RFM)) approach with modern invasive (CA) treatment. The aim of the trial is to compare the efficacy of modern invasive (CA) and non-invasive (AADs with risk factor management) treatment of AF. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The trial will be a prospective, multicentre, randomised non-inferiority trial. Patients with symptomatic AF and a body mass index >30 will be enrolled and randomised to the CA or RFM arm (RFM+AAD) in a 1:1 ratio. In the CA arm, pulmonary vein isolation (in combination with additional lesion sets in non-paroxysmal patients) will be performed. For patients in the RFM+AAD arm, the aim will be a 10% weight loss over 6-12 months, increased physical fitness and a reduction in alcohol consumption. The primary endpoint will be an episode of AF or regular atrial tachycardia lasting >30 s. The secondary endpoints include AF burden, clinical endpoints associated with AF reoccurrence, changes in the quality of life assessed using dedicated questionnaires, changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic endpoints. An AF freedom of 65% in the RFM+AAD and of 60% in the CA is expected; therefore, 202 patients will be enrolled to achieve the non-inferiority with 80% power, 5% one-sided alpha and a non-inferiority margin of 12%. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The PRAGUE-25 trial will determine if modern non-invasive AF treatment strategies are non-inferior to CA. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady. Results of the study will be disseminated on scientific conferences and in peer-reviewed scientific journals. After the end of follow-up, data will be available upon request to principal investigator. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT04011800).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Osmancik
- Department of Cardiology, Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Cardiology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Štěpán Havránek
- Cardiocenter, Second Internal Clinic-Cardiology and Angiology, Charles University, General Faculty Hospital, Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Bulková
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Chovančík
- Department of Cardiology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Roubíček
- Department of Cardiology, Regional Hospital Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Heřman
- Department of Cardiology, Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Cardiology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Čarná
- Department of Cardiology, Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Cardiology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Tuka
- Cardiocenter, Second Internal Clinic-Cardiology and Angiology, Charles University, General Faculty Hospital, Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Matoulek
- Cardiocenter, Second Internal Clinic-Cardiology and Angiology, Charles University, General Faculty Hospital, Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Fiala
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Otakar Jiravský
- Department of Cardiology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Adam Latiňák
- Department of Cardiology, Regional Hospital Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jiří Jarkovský
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
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Ožvald I, Božičević D, Duh L, Vinković Vrček I, Domijan AM, Milić M. Changes in anthropometric, biochemical, oxidative, and DNA damage parameters after 3-weeks-567-kcal-hospital-controlled-VLCD in severely obese patients with BMI ≥ 35 kg m -2. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 49:319-327. [PMID: 35623833 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Severe obesity and its comorbidities relate to increased genomic instability/cancer risk. Obesity in Croatia is rapidly increasing, and long diets are sometimes the reason for obese to quit health improvement programs. A shorter diet with more strict calorie reduction could also lead to weight reduction and health improvements, but data are scarce. We tested for the first time if a very low-calorie diet (VLCD) can improve anthropometric, biochemical and genomic stability parameters in severely obese with BMI ≥ 35 kg m-2. METHODS 22 participants were chosen among those regularly attending the hospital for obesity control, with no other previous treatment for bodyweight reduction. Under 24 h medical surveillance, patients received 3-weeks-567-kcal-hospital-controlled-VLCD composed of 50-60% complex carbohydrates, 20-25% proteins, and 25-30% fat, with the attention to food carbo-glycemic index, in 3 meals freshly prepared in hospital. We analyzed changes in body weight, BMI, basal metabolism rate, waist-hip ratio, visceral fat level, body fat mass, percent body fat, skeletal muscle mass, basal metabolism, energy intake, lipid profile, thyroid hormones, TSH, and genomic instability (alkaline and oxidative FPG comet assay) before and on the last VLCD day. RESULTS Diet caused BMI reduction (in average 3-4 BMI units' loss), excessive weight loss (between 10 and 35%), significant weight loss (average 9 kg, range 4.8-14.4 kg) and a significant decrease in glucose, insulin, urea, cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, oxidative (FPG) and DNA damage (alkaline comet assay) levels. CONCLUSIONS The diet can lead to ≥10% excessive weight loss, significant health, and genomic stability improvement, and keep severely obese interest in maintaining healthy habits. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT05007171 (10.08.2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ožvald
- Special Hospital for Extended Treatment of Duga Resa, 47250 Duga Resa, Croatia
| | - Dragan Božičević
- Special Hospital for Extended Treatment of Duga Resa, 47250 Duga Resa, Croatia
| | - Lidija Duh
- Special Hospital for Extended Treatment of Duga Resa, 47250 Duga Resa, Croatia
| | - Ivana Vinković Vrček
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health (IMROH), 10 001 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana-Marija Domijan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirta Milić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health (IMROH), 10 001 Zagreb, Croatia.
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"HIIT the Inflammation": Comparative Effects of Low-Volume Interval Training and Resistance Exercises on Inflammatory Indices in Obese Metabolic Syndrome Patients Undergoing Caloric Restriction. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14101996. [PMID: 35631137 PMCID: PMC9145085 DOI: 10.3390/nu14101996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise is a cornerstone in metabolic syndrome (MetS) treatment. However, the effects of low-volume exercise modalities on MetS-associated low-grade inflammation are unclear. A total of 106 MetS patients (53.7 ± 11.4 years) were randomized to low-volume high-intensity interval training (LOW-HIIT, 14 min/session), single-set resistance training (1-RT, ~15 min/session), whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS, 20 min/session), three-set resistance training (3-RT, ~50 min/session), each performed 2 ×/week for 12 weeks, or a control group (CON). All groups received nutritional counseling for weight loss. Inflammatory and cardiometabolic indices were analyzed pre- and post-intervention. All groups significantly reduced body weight by an average of 3.6%. Only LOW-HIIT reduced C-reactive protein (CRP) (−1.6 mg/L, p = 0.001) and interleukin-6 (−1.1 pg/mL, p = 0.020). High-sensitivity CRP and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein decreased following LOW-HIIT (−1.4 mg/L, p = 0.001 and −2.1 ng/mL, p = 0.004) and 3-RT (−0.6 mg/L, p = 0.044 and −2.0 ng/mL, p < 0.001). MetS severity score improved with LOW-HIIT (−1.8 units, p < 0.001), 1-RT (−1.6 units, p = 0.005), and 3-RT (−2.3 units, p < 0.001). Despite similar effects on body weight, low-volume exercise modalities have different impact on inflammatory and cardiometabolic outcomes in MetS patients. LOW-HIIT has superior efficacy for improving inflammation compared to 1-RT and WB-EMS. Resistance-based exercise appears to require a higher volume to promote beneficial impact on inflammation.
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Whole-Body Cryostimulation: A Rehabilitation Booster in Post-COVID Patients? A Case Series. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12104830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Given the severity and prevalence of post-COVID-19 symptoms in the general population, the identification of boosters for rehabilitation programs appears to be of paramount importance. The purpose of this case series is to provide some preliminary evidence about the role of whole-body cryostimulation (WBC) as an effective adjuvant for the recovery of patients with the post-COVID-19 condition (PCC). We recruited seven patients with previously confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and symptoms of PCC of different severities for a comprehensive rehabilitation program, including WBC. The main symptoms were dyspnea, chronic and muscular fatigue, chronic pain, and poor sleep quality. Moreover, some patients presented high levels of hematological markers of inflammation. Because we provided a range of interventions, including nutritional and psychological support along with physical exercise and physiotherapy, we could not determine to what extent WBC may per se have accounted for the clinical and functional improvements. However, for all reported cases, it was observed that the introduction of WBC sessions represented a turning point in the patient’s subjective and objective improvements related to health and functioning.
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31
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Barrea L, Caprio M, Watanabe M, Cammarata G, Feraco A, Muscogiuri G, Verde L, Colao A, Savastano S. Could very low-calorie ketogenic diets turn off low grade inflammation in obesity? Emerging evidence. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8320-8336. [PMID: 35373658 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2054935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an emerging non-communicable disease associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress, compounded by the development of many obesity-related diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and a range of cancers. Originally developed for the treatment of epilepsy in drug non-responder children, the ketogenic diet (KD) is being increasingly used in the treatment of many diseases, including obesity and obesity-related conditions. The KD is a dietary pattern characterized by high fat intake, moderate to low protein consumption, and very low carbohydrate intake (<50 g) that has proved to be an effective and weight-loss tool. In addition, it also appears to be a dietary intervention capable of improving the inflammatory state and oxidative stress in individuals with obesity by means of several mechanisms. The main activity of the KD has been linked to improving mitochondrial function and decreasing oxidative stress. β-hydroxybutyrate, the most studied ketone body, has been shown to reduce the production of reactive oxygen species, improving mitochondrial respiration. In addition, KDs exert anti-inflammatory activity through several mechanisms, e.g., by inhibiting activation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, and the inflammatory nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3, and inhibiting histone deacetylases. Given the rising interest in the topic, this review looks at the underlying anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms of KDs and their possible recruitment in the treatment of obesity and obesity-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barrea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Napoli, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Mikiko Watanabe
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cammarata
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Feraco
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ludovica Verde
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Yurtdaş G, Akbulut G, Baran M, Yılmaz C. The effects of Mediterranean diet on hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation in adolescents with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12872. [PMID: 34881510 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common liver disease in children and adolescents. The optimal dietary strategy to improve hepatic stetatosis and reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in adolescents is unknown. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Mediterranean diet (MD) versus low-fat diet (LFD) on hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in adolescents with obesity and NAFLD. METHODS Adolescents diagnosed with NAFLD between the ages of 11-18 years were randomized to either a MD or conventional LFD (control diet) for 12 weeks. Dietary status, anthropometry, body composition, and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Hepatic steatosis was determined by ultrasonography. RESULTS A total of 44 participants completed the study. At the end of the study, severity of hepatic steatosis, serum transaminase levels, and insulin resistance decreased significantly in both groups with no significant differences between groups except for aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The amount of decrease in AST levels in the MD group was greater than the LFD group (p < 0.05). In the MD group, serum total antioxidant capacity, paraoxanase-1, and glutathione peroxidase levels increased (p < 0.05); it did not change in the LFD group compared to baseline (p > 0.05). C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels decreased only in the MD group (p = 0.008), interleukine-6 decreased only in the LFD group (p = 0.031). CONCLUSION Consumption of MD and LFD for 12 weeks in adolescents with obesity and NAFLD reduced BMI, fat mass, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance, improved high transaminase levels, and had positive effects on inflammation and oxidative stress. Registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT04845373.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Yurtdaş
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gamze Akbulut
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Maşallah Baran
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Canan Yılmaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Bloom O, Tracey KJ, Pavlov VA. Exploring the vagus nerve and the inflammatory reflex for therapeutic benefit in chronic spinal cord injury. Curr Opin Neurol 2022; 35:249-257. [PMID: 35102123 PMCID: PMC9258775 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000001036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To describe features and implications of chronic systemic inflammation in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to summarize the growing therapeutic possibilities to explore the vagus nerve-mediated inflammatory reflex in this context. RECENT FINDINGS The discovery of the inflammatory reflex provides a rationale to explore neuromodulation modalities, that is, electrical vagus nerve stimulation and pharmacological cholinergic modalities to regulate inflammation after SCI. SUMMARY Inflammation in individuals with SCI may negatively impact functional recovery and medical consequences after SCI. Exploring the potential of the vagus nerve-based inflammatory reflex to restore autonomic regulation and control inflammation may provide a novel approach for functional improvement in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ona Bloom
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Kevin J. Tracey
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Valentin A. Pavlov
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York, USA
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Lazzer S, D’Alleva M, Vaccari F, Tringali G, De Micheli R, Sartorio A. Effects of a 3-Week Inpatient Multidisciplinary Body Weight Reduction Program on Body Composition and Physical Capabilities in Adolescents and Adults With Obesity. Front Nutr 2022; 9:840018. [PMID: 35433781 PMCID: PMC9008348 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.840018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the present study was to examine the short-term changes in body composition and physical capabilities in subjects with obesity during a multidisciplinary inpatient body weight reduction program (BWRP). Methods One hundred thirty-nine adolescents (56 boys and 83 girls; BMI: 37.1 ± 6.5 kg/m2; Fat Mass, FM: 45.3 ± 7.2%) and 71 adults (27 males and 44 females; BMI: 44 ± 4.7 kg/m2; FM: 51.4 ± 4.7%) followed a 3-week inpatient BWRP consisting of regular physical activity, moderate energy restriction, nutritional education and psychological counseling. Before (T0) and after the end of the BWRP (T21), body composition was assessed with an impedancemeter, lower limb muscle power with Margaria Stair Climbing Test (SCT), lower limb functionality with Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and the capacity of performing activity of daily living (ADL) with Physical Performance Test (PPT). Results At T21, obese adolescents showed a 4% reduction in body mass (BM) (p < 0.001), associated with a FM reduction in boys (−10%) and girls (−6%) (p < 0.001) and with a 3% reduction in fat-free mass (FFM) recorded only in boys (p = 0.013). Obese adults showed a 5% BM reduction (p < 0.001), associated with a 2% FFM and 9% FM reduction (p < 0.001) in males, and 7% FM reduction in females (p < 0.001). Regarding physical capabilities, at T21 in obese adolescents, PPT score increased by 4% (p < 0.001), SCT decreased by −5% (boys) and −7% (girls) (p < 0.001), while SPPB score did not change significantly. In obese adults at T21, PPT score increased by 9% (p < 0.001), SCT decreased by −16% (p < 0.001) only in females, and SPPB score increased by 7% (males) and 10% (females) (p < 0.01). Conclusion In conclusion, moderate energy restriction and regular physical activity determine a 4-5% BM reduction during a 3-week inpatient BWRP, improve physical capabilities and induce beneficial changes in body composition in adolescents and adults with obesity. Trial registration This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Istituto Auxologico Italiano (Milan, Italy; research code: 01C124; acronym: PRORIPONATFIS). Registered 11 November 2020 - Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Lazzer
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Mattia D’Alleva
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- *Correspondence: Mattia D’Alleva,
| | - Filippo Vaccari
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tringali
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Scientific Institute for Hospitalization and Care (IRCCS), Piancavallo, Italy
| | - Roberta De Micheli
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Scientific Institute for Hospitalization and Care (IRCCS), Piancavallo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Scientific Institute for Hospitalization and Care (IRCCS), Piancavallo, Italy
- Division of Auxology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Scientific Institute for Hospitalization and Care (IRCCS), Piancavallo, Italy
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Min J, Chang JS, Choi JY, Kong ID. Association Between Skeletal Muscle Mass, Physical Activity, and Metabolic Syndrome: the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2011. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2021; 20:156-165. [PMID: 34941432 DOI: 10.1089/met.2021.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Skeletal muscle mass (SM) and physical activity (PA) are major modifiable factors that can moderate and prevent the occurrence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the joint association between SM and PA guidelines in MetS remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to examine the relationship between SM and PA with MetS among Korean adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed 18,090 adults from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2011. We used the value of appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by body mass index as SM. We decided on the PA guidelines using the American College of Sports Medicine guidelines. After adjusting for confounding factors, we performed logistic regression analysis to calculate the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of MetS associated with SM and PA guidelines. Results: Participants from the highest SM quartile showed a decreased MetS risk of 58%-75%. Those who met both aerobic and resistance exercise guidelines were more likely to have lower MetS risk than those who neither. In addition, even with the same PA guideline status, participants with the highest muscle mass decreased MetS risk by 29%-81% compared with participants with the lowest muscle mass. Conclusions: Our results showed that increased SM and meeting PA guidelines are significantly associated with a decreased risk of MetS. To prevent MetS, customized strategies are needed for improving muscle mass and PA according to age and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihee Min
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea.,Yonsei Institute of Sports Science and Exercise Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Jae Seung Chang
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea.,Yonsei Institute of Sports Science and Exercise Medicine, Wonju, South Korea.,Mitohormesis Research Center, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Ji Yeong Choi
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea.,Yonsei Institute of Sports Science and Exercise Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - In Deok Kong
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea.,Yonsei Institute of Sports Science and Exercise Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
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Ožvald I, Božičević D, Duh L, Vinković Vrček I, Pavičić I, Domijan AM, Milić M. Effects of a 3-Week Hospital-Controlled Very-Low-Calorie Diet in Severely Obese Patients. Nutrients 2021; 13:4468. [PMID: 34960018 PMCID: PMC8703721 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) is considered safe and has demonstrated benefits among other types of diets, data are scarce concerning its effects on improving health and weight loss in severely obese patients. As part of the personalized weight loss program developed at the Duga Resa Special Hospital for Extended Treatment, Croatia, we evaluated anthropometric, biochemical, and permanent DNA damage parameters (assessed with the cytochalasin B-blocked micronucleus cytome assay-CBMN) in severely obese patients (BMI ≥ 35 kg m-2) after 3-weeks on a 567 kcal, hospital-controlled VLCD. This is the first study on the permanent genomic (in)stability in such VLCD patients. VLCDs caused significant decreases in weight (loss), parameters of the lipid profile, urea, insulin resistance, and reduced glutathione (GSH). Genomic instability parameters were lowered by half, reaching reference values usually found in the healthy population. A correlation was found between GSH decrease and reduced DNA damage. VLCDs revealed susceptible individuals with remaining higher DNA damage for further monitoring. In a highly heterogeneous group (class II and III in obesity, differences in weight, BMI, and other categories) consisting of 26 obese patients, the approach demonstrated its usefulness and benefits in health improvement, enabling an individual approach to further monitoring, diagnosis, treatment, and risk assessment based on changing anthropometric/biochemical VLCD parameters, and CBMN results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ožvald
- Duga Resa Special Hospital for Extended Treatment, 47250 Duga Resa, Croatia; (I.O.); (D.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Dragan Božičević
- Duga Resa Special Hospital for Extended Treatment, 47250 Duga Resa, Croatia; (I.O.); (D.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Lidija Duh
- Duga Resa Special Hospital for Extended Treatment, 47250 Duga Resa, Croatia; (I.O.); (D.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Ivana Vinković Vrček
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health (IMROH), Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10001 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ivan Pavičić
- Radiation Dosimetry and Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health (IMROH), Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10001 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ana-Marija Domijan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Mirta Milić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health (IMROH), Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10001 Zagreb, Croatia
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Norouzian Ostad A, Barghchi H, Jangjoo A, Ranjbar G, Rezvani R, Bahrami LS, Goshayeshi L, Khadem-Rezaiyan M, Nematy M. Macro- and Micro-nutrient Intake Adequacy in Gastric Bypass Patients after 24 Months: a Cross-sectional Study. Clin Nutr Res 2021; 10:341-352. [PMID: 34796138 PMCID: PMC8575647 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2021.10.4.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreased food intake is an effective mechanism for gastric bypass surgery (GBS) for successful weight loss. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess dietary intake, micro-and macro-nutrients in the patients undergoing GBS and determine the possible associations with weight changes. We assessed anthropometric indices and food intake at 24 month-post gastric bypass surgery. Dietary data was evaluated using three-day food records. After the 24 months of surgery, among 35 patients (mean age: 43.5 ± 11.2 years; 82.85% females), with the mean body mass index (BMI) of 30.5 ± 4.5 kg/m2, 17 cases were < 50% of their excess weight. The average daily calorie intake was 1,733 ± 630 kcal, with 14.88% of calories from protein. Consumption amounts of protein (0.82 ± 0.27 g/kg of the current weight), as well as fiber, and some micro-nutrients (vitamin B9, E, K, B5, and D3) were lower than recommended amounts. Patients were classified into three groups based on their success in weight loss after surgery. Calorie intake was not significantly different between groups, but successful groups consumed considerably more protein and less carbohydrate than the unsuccessful group (p < 0.05). Based on our findings, the patients undergoing GBS had inadequate macro- and micro-nutrient intake after 24 months. However, protein intake can affect patients' success in achieving better weight loss. Long-term cohort and clinical studies need to be conducted to comprehend this process further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andisheh Norouzian Ostad
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91779-48564, Iran
| | - Hanieh Barghchi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91779-48564, Iran
| | - Ali Jangjoo
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91779-48564, Iran
| | - Golnaz Ranjbar
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91779-48564, Iran
| | - Reza Rezvani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91779-48564, Iran
| | - Leila Sadat Bahrami
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91779-48564, Iran
| | - Ladan Goshayeshi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91779-48564, Iran.,Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91779-48564, Iran
| | - Majid Khadem-Rezaiyan
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of medicine, Mashhad university of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91779-48564, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nematy
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91779-48564, Iran
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Koelman L, Egea Rodrigues C, Aleksandrova K. Effects of Dietary Patterns on Biomarkers of Inflammation and Immune Responses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:101-115. [PMID: 34607347 PMCID: PMC8803482 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered immune cell phenotype and chronic inflammation are key features shared by various chronic diseases. Evidence from nutritional interventions aimed at alleviating inflammation could be a promising approach for the prevention of adverse health outcomes. We therefore aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to summarize the recent evidence on the effects of dietary patterns on inflammatory and immune-related biomarkers in humans. PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science databases were searched for publications up to October 2020. In total, 22 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The Mediterranean diet appeared as the dietary pattern that showed the most prominent reductions of inflammatory biomarkers such as IL-6 [mean difference (MD): -1.07 pg/mL (95% CI: -1.94, -0.20); I2: 96%], IL-1β [MD: -0.46 pg/mL (95% CI: -0.66, -0.25); I2: 0%], and C-reactive protein [MD: -1.00 mg/L (95% CI: -2.02, 0.01); I2: 100%]. No substantial effects were observed for the additional dietary patterns studied in intervention research, including the Dietary Adherence to Stop Hypertension diet, and the vegetarian or vegan diets. Future large-scale multifactorial intervention studies are warranted to allow direct comparison of various dietary patterns in relation to a range of biomarkers reflecting multiple inflammatory and immune-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liselot Koelman
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany,Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Caue Egea Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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High prevalence of clinical and biological features of metabolic syndrome in patients with epidural lipomatosis: A single-center, retrospective study. Joint Bone Spine 2021; 89:105271. [PMID: 34536624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2021.105271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Van de Velde F, Ouwens DM, Batens AH, Van Nieuwenhove Y, Lapauw B. Divergent dynamics in systemic and tissue-specific metabolic and inflammatory responses during weight loss in subjects with obesity. Cytokine 2021; 144:155587. [PMID: 34052657 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Dysfunction of adipose and muscle tissue associates with obesity-related co-morbidities such as insulin resistance (IR) and inflammation. This study investigates changes in systemic and tissue-specific markers of IR and inflammation after gastric bypass surgery (GBS) in subjects with obesity. METHODS Prospective study, twenty subjects with obesity (50 ± 10 years, 14 men). Prior to, and six months and one year after GBS, subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAT), skeletal muscle and fasting serum samples were collected. Serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), glucose and insulin were determined using standard laboratory assays and serum IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α levels were determined using ELISA. Tissue mRNA expression of inflammation and insulin/glucose metabolism markers were analyzed using qPCR. RESULTS After GBS, HOMA-IR, CRP and IL-6 serum levels decreased. In SAT, expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), IL-6, IL-10 and MCP1 decreased and GLUT4 increased (all p < 0.05). In muscle, expression of BMP4, GLUT4 and IL-6 decreased and of MCP1 and IRS-1 increased (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Systemic improvements in inflammation and IR after GBS are only partially mirrored by corresponding changes in adipokine and myokine expression patterns. As changes in expression of other markers of inflammation and insulin/glucose metabolism appear less consistent and even divergent between tissues, the inflammatory and IR status at systemic level cannot be extrapolated to the situation in metabolically active tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D Margriet Ouwens
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Duesseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Muenchen-Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Yves Van Nieuwenhove
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno Lapauw
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Boldrup L, Coates P, Gu X, Wang L, Fåhraeus R, Wilms T, Sgaramella N, Nylander K. Low potential of circulating interleukin 1 receptor antagonist as a prediction marker for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. J Oral Pathol Med 2021; 50:785-794. [PMID: 33880804 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating markers are attractive molecules for prognosis and management of cancer that allow sequential monitoring of patients during and after treatment. Based on previous protein profiling data, circulating interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) was evaluated as a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker for squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN). In this study, we aimed at confirming the clinical relevance of plasma IL-1Ra in SCCHN and exploring its potential as a prediction marker for SCCHN. METHODS Plasma from 87 patients with SCCHN, control plasma from 28 healthy individuals and pre-diagnostic plasma from 44 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue (SCCOT) and 88 matched controls were analysed with IL-1Ra electrochemiluminescence immunoassays from mesoscale diagnostics. RESULTS Plasma IL-1Ra was found to be up-regulated in patients with oral tongue, gingiva and base of tongue tumours compared to healthy individuals (p < 0.01). IL-1Ra levels positively correlated with tumour size (p < 0.01) and body mass index (p = 0.013). Comparing pre-diagnostic plasma to the matched controls, similar IL1-Ra levels were seen (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1Ra could be a diagnostic marker for SCCHN, whereas its potential as a cancer prediction marker was not supported by our data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Boldrup
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Philip Coates
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Xiaolian Gu
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lixiao Wang
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Robin Fåhraeus
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Molecular Genetics, University of Paris St. Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Torben Wilms
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Karin Nylander
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Georgoulis M, Yiannakouris N, Tenta R, Fragopoulou E, Kechribari I, Lamprou K, Perraki E, Vagiakis E, Kontogianni MD. A weight-loss Mediterranean diet/lifestyle intervention ameliorates inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: results of the "MIMOSA" randomized clinical trial. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3799-3810. [PMID: 33839919 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02552-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inflammation and oxidative stress are implicated in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) pathophysiology. We aimed at exploring whether the combination of a weight-loss Mediterranean diet/lifestyle intervention with OSA standard care, i.e., continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) prescription, can lead to greater improvements in inflammation and oxidative stress, compared to standard care alone. METHODS This was a randomized controlled clinical trial in 187 adult, overweight patients with moderate-to-severe OSA. Participants were randomized to a standard care (SCG, n = 65), a Mediterranean diet (MDG, n = 62) or a Mediterranean lifestyle group (MLG, n = 60). All groups received OSA standard care. Intervention arms participated in a 6-month behavioral weight-loss intervention based on the Mediterranean diet, while the MLG also received counselling on physical activity and sleep habits. RESULTS Seven patients were excluded and 53/180 were lost to follow-up. In intention to treat analysis (n = 180), the SCG did not exhibit changes in any of the markers assessed. Post-intervention age-, sex-, baseline- and CPAP use-adjusted plasma high sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (mg/L) were lower in the MDG and the MLG compared to the SCG (mean difference - 1.33, P = 0.039 and - 1.68, P = 0.007, respectively). The MLG also exhibited lower urinary 8-iso prostaglandin F2a levels (ng/mg creatinine) compared to the SCG and the MDG (mean difference - 1.10, P < 0.0001 and - 0.80, P = 0.001, respectively). Adiponectin and oxidized guanine levels were not altered in any of the study groups. Results were similar in per protocol analysis (n = 127). CONCLUSION A weight-loss Mediterranean diet/lifestyle intervention on top of CPAP has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits in OSA. REGISTRATION The trial was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02515357) on August 4, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Georgoulis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou Str., 17671, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Yiannakouris
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou Str., 17671, Athens, Greece
| | - Roxane Tenta
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou Str., 17671, Athens, Greece
| | - Elizabeth Fragopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou Str., 17671, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Kechribari
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou Str., 17671, Athens, Greece
| | - Kallirroi Lamprou
- Center of Sleep Disorders, 1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, Medical School of Athens University, 45-47 Ipsilantou Str., 10676, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Perraki
- Center of Sleep Disorders, 1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, Medical School of Athens University, 45-47 Ipsilantou Str., 10676, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanοuil Vagiakis
- Center of Sleep Disorders, 1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, Medical School of Athens University, 45-47 Ipsilantou Str., 10676, Athens, Greece
| | - Meropi D Kontogianni
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou Str., 17671, Athens, Greece.
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Metabolic and Hepatic Effects of Energy-Reduced Anti-Inflammatory Diet in Younger Adults with Obesity. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 2021:6649142. [PMID: 33628758 PMCID: PMC7886596 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6649142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associated with epidemics of obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming the most prevalent liver disease worldwide. The cornerstone of therapy for NAFLD is lifestyle intervention, mainly focused on weight loss. Significant weight loss results from energy-restricted diets, regardless of macronutrient distribution. An anti-inflammatory diet was related to lower odds of NAFLD among daily alcohol drinkers and individuals with metabolic syndrome. This study aims to evaluate the effect of an energy-reduced anti-inflammatory diet on liver status in younger adults with obesity after a 6-month follow-up. METHODS A two-arm randomized controlled trial surveyed 81 participants' (mean age, 43 years) anthropometric and body composition changes. Metabolic status was determined with glycaemic and lipid status, inflammatory status with hs-CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α, and liver status with liver enzymes, NAFLD-FLS, FLI, and FIB-4 indices. The inflammatory potential of the diet was assessed by the Dietary Inflammatory Index, DII®. RESULTS Energy-restricted anti-inflammatory diet resulted in significant weight loss (-7.1%, p < 0.001), in reducing the visceral adiposity (-22.3%, p < 0.001), metabolic (HOMA-IR, -15.5%; total cholesterol, -5.3%; LDL-C, -4.6%; triglycerides, -12.2%), and inflammatory biomarkers (hs-CRP, -29.5%; IL-6, -18.2%; TNF-α, -34.2%), with significant improvement of liver parameters (NAFLD-FLS, -143.4%; FLI, -14.3%; FIB-4, -2.5%). CONCLUSION The study showed the effectiveness of the anti-inflammatory diet with significant improvement of liver parameters in younger adults with obesity, which may reinforce the effectiveness of nutrition-based lifestyle programs, with an anti-inflammatory dietary approach for the treatment and resolution of NAFLD.
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Shemirani F, Golzarand M, Salari-Moghaddam A, Mahmoudi M. Effect of low-carbohydrate diet on adiponectin level in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:3969-3978. [PMID: 33455438 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1871588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To the best of our knowledge, no previous study has reported findings on the effects of low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) on adiponectin concentration. OBJECTIVE The current systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis was carried out to systematically review the available controlled clinical trials about the effect of LCD on adiponectin level in adults. METHODS Literature searches of PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Web of Sciences were conducted up to August 2019. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which assessed the effect of LCD on the adiponectin level were selected. RESULTS Eleven studies, including 1047 participants (LCD = 534 and control = 513), were included in the meta-analysis. Proportion of carbohydrate from calorie was from 4 to 34%. Time of the follow-up varied between studies and ranged from 6 to 152 weeks. LCD intake mildly but significantly increased adiponectin (0.02 µg/ml, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.03, P < 0.001). Dose-response analysis indicated a nonlinear association between the percentage of carbohydrate and change in adiponectin level from baseline (P = 0.04). After subgroup analysis based on the proportion of carbohydrate from calorie, there was a significant increase in adiponectin concentration in studies that prescribed <30% of calorie from carbohydrates (0.12 µg/ml, 95% CI: 0.07-0.18). In contrast, diets which consisted ≥30% of carbohydrates had no significant effect on adiponectin (0.50 µg/ml, 95% CI: -0.46 to 1.48). Also, meta-regression analysis revealed that age (β = 0.04, P = 0.15), baseline BMI (β= -0.15, P = 0.15), time of follow-up (β = 0.01, P = 0.17), percentage of carbohydrates (β = 0.004, P = 0.90), percentage of protein (β= -0.12, P = 0.08), percentage of fat (β = 0.20, P = 0.61) and baseline adiponectin (β = 0.001, P = 0.97) are not sources of heterogeneity. CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated a mild but significant effect of LCD on adiponectin concentration compared to control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnoosh Shemirani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Golzarand
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asma Salari-Moghaddam
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoudi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Tabucanon T, Wilcox J, Tang WHW. Does Weight Loss Improve Clinical Outcomes in Overweight and Obese Patients with Heart Failure? Curr Diab Rep 2020; 20:75. [PMID: 33231788 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-020-01367-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity increases the risk of new onset heart failure (HF), and particularly HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Despite the observations of favorable clinical outcomes in HF patients with obesity in general, sometimes referred to as the "obesity paradox," it is important to recognize that severe obesity is associated with worse clinical outcomes. This review summarizes the effects of obesity treatment on cardiovascular health and HF clinical outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Treatment for obesity utilizes a variety of modalities to achieve purposeful weight loss including lifestyle intervention, medications, and bariatric surgery. There are a cluster of benefits of obesity treatment in terms of clinical outcomes in HF. The mechanisms of these benefits include both weight loss-dependent and weight loss-independent mechanisms. Obesity treatment is safe and associated with favorable clinical outcomes across the spectrum of the HF population. The potential benefits are facilitated through multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thida Tabucanon
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Kaufman Center for Heart Failure Treatment and Recovery, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk J3-4, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Thammasat Heart Center, Thammasat University Hospital, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Jennifer Wilcox
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Kaufman Center for Heart Failure Treatment and Recovery, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk J3-4, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Kenđel Jovanović G, Mrakovcic-Sutic I, Pavičić Žeželj S, Šuša B, Rahelić D, Klobučar Majanović S. The Efficacy of an Energy-Restricted Anti-Inflammatory Diet for the Management of Obesity in Younger Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113583. [PMID: 33266499 PMCID: PMC7700374 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence of the dietary impact on obesity-induced low-grade chronic inflammation and the associated chronic non-communicable diseases modification. We determined changes in body composition and cardiometabolic and inflammatory status of participants with obesity after 24 weeks of a dietary intervention based on an energy-reduced anti-inflammatory diet and examined the relationship of these changes with changes in the inflammatory potential of the diet. The anthropometric and body composition parameters of 81 participants (average age of 43 years, 74 women) were assessed. Metabolic status was determined using the glycemic and lipid statuses, and the cardiometabolic index and inflammatory status were determined using the concentration of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). The inflammatory potential of the diet was assessed using the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®). Intervention with an anti-inflammatory diet resulted in a significant reduction in body weight and visceral adipose tissue and caused improvements in the participants’ cardiometabolic and inflammatory statuses. The anti-inflammatory diet was shown to be effective regarding obesity management. The study data could advance current scientific knowledge in the field of inflammation and diet, provide guidelines for obesity management, and find its application in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Kenđel Jovanović
- Department of Health Ecology, Teaching Institute of Public Health of Primorsko-goranska County, Krešimirova 52a, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-51-358-751
| | - Ines Mrakovcic-Sutic
- Department of Physiology, Immunology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20/1, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Sandra Pavičić Žeželj
- Department of Health Ecology, Teaching Institute of Public Health of Primorsko-goranska County, Krešimirova 52a, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
- Department of Health Ecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20/1, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Branislav Šuša
- General Hospital Pula, Santoriova 24a, 52100 Pula, Croatia;
| | - Dario Rahelić
- Vuk Vrhovac University Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Merkur University Hospital, Dugi dol 4a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata ul. 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Sanja Klobučar Majanović
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20/1, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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Field R, Pourkazemi F, Turton J, Rooney K. Dietary Interventions Are Beneficial for Patients with Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. PAIN MEDICINE 2020; 22:694-714. [DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnaa378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The standard Western diet is high in processed hyperpalatable foods that displace nutrient-dense whole foods, leading to inflammation and oxidative stress. There is limited research on how these adverse metabolic drivers may be associated with maladaptive neuroplasticity seen in chronic pain and whether this could be attenuated by a targeted nutritional approach. The aim of this study was to review the evidence for whole-food dietary interventions in chronic pain management.
Method
A structured search of eight databases was performed up to December 2019. Two independent reviewers screened studies and evaluated risk of bias by using the National Institutes of Health assessment tool for controlled or pre–post studies and the Joanna Briggs checklist for case reports. A meta-analysis was performed in Review Manager.
Results
Forty-three studies reporting on 48 chronic pain groups receiving a whole-food dietary intervention were identified. These included elimination protocols (n = 11), vegetarian/vegan diets (n = 11), single-food changes (n = 11), calorie/macronutrient restriction (n = 8), an omega-3 focus (n = 5), and Mediterranean diets (n = 2). A visual analog scale was the most commonly reported pain outcome measure, with 17 groups reporting a clinically objective improvement (a two-point or 33% reduction on the visual analog scale). Twenty-seven studies reported significant improvement on secondary metabolic measures. Twenty-five groups were included in a meta-analysis that showed a significant finding for the effect of diet on pain reduction when grouped by diet type or chronic pain type.
Conclusion
There is an overall positive effect of whole-food diets on pain, with no single diet standing out in effectiveness. This suggests that commonalities among approaches (e.g., diet quality, nutrient density, weight loss) may all be involved in modulating pain physiology. Further research linking how diet can modulate physiology related to pain (such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and nervous system excitability) is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowena Field
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fereshteh Pourkazemi
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Kieron Rooney
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Braga TG, Graças Coelho de Souza MD, Menezes M, Nogueira Neto JF, Dellatorre-Teixeira L, Bouskela E, le Roux CW, Kraemer-Aguiar LG. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity, lipopolysaccharide, C-reactive protein, glucose metabolism, and gut peptides 3 months after bariatric surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2020; 17:113-120. [PMID: 33036944 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2020.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery induces weight loss, but changes in glucose metabolism, gut peptides, and inflammatory biomarkers still have conflicting results. SETTINGS University hospital. OBJECTIVES We investigated glucose metabolism, gut hormones, and inflammatory profile after bariatric surgery and medical treatment. METHODS Forty patients with obesity were recruited and were subjected to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (n = 15; Bariatric Surgery Group - BSG) or received medical care (n = 20; MG). Sleeve gastrectomy was performed in five patients who were excluded from analysis. Glucose, insulin, homeostatic model for the assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), glucagon, ghrelin, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) activity, circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS-binding protein (LPB) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were evaluated before and three months after each treatment. Except for HOMA-IR, hs-CRP, and LBP, all variables were assessed at fasting and 30- and 60-minutes after a standard meal. RESULTS After 3 months, both groups lost weight. However, BSG had a more extensive reduction than MG (respectively, 17.6% vs. 4.25%; P < 0.01). Except for LPS levels, higher on BSG than MG (1.38 ± 0.96 vs. 0.83 ± 0.60 EU/ml, P < 0.01), groups were similar before treatment. In respect to metabolic/hormonal changes, the BSG showed higher glucose, insulin, GLP-1, and GIP levels at 30-min and also GLP-1 at 30- and 60-minutes. DPP-4 activity, HOMA-IR, and fasting LBP did not change. LPS levels at 60-minutes decreased after surgery in the BSG. hs-CRP decreased on BSG compared to MG. CONCLUSIONS Bariatric surgery resulted in more extensive effects on glucose metabolism, gut hormones, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassia Gomide Braga
- Postgraduate Program in Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Das Graças Coelho de Souza
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology, Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Eliete Bouskela
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology, Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carel W le Roux
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre Conway Institute University College, Dublin, Ireland; Investigate Science, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luiz Guilherme Kraemer-Aguiar
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology, Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Obesity Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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49
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Valenzuela PL, Carrera-Bastos P, Gálvez BG, Ruiz-Hurtado G, Ordovas JM, Ruilope LM, Lucia A. Lifestyle interventions for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 18:251-275. [PMID: 33037326 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-020-00437-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension affects approximately one third of the world's adult population and is a major cause of premature death despite considerable advances in pharmacological treatments. Growing evidence supports the use of lifestyle interventions for the prevention and adjuvant treatment of hypertension. In this Review, we provide a summary of the epidemiological research supporting the preventive and antihypertensive effects of major lifestyle interventions (regular physical exercise, body weight management and healthy dietary patterns), as well as other less traditional recommendations such as stress management and the promotion of adequate sleep patterns coupled with circadian entrainment. We also discuss the physiological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of these lifestyle interventions on hypertension, which include not only the prevention of traditional risk factors (such as obesity and insulin resistance) and improvements in vascular health through an improved redox and inflammatory status, but also reduced sympathetic overactivation and non-traditional mechanisms such as increased secretion of myokines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Carrera-Bastos
- Centre for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skane, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Beatriz G Gálvez
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Ruiz-Hurtado
- Research Institute of the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER-CV, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Ordovas
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.,IMDEA Alimentacion, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M Ruilope
- Research Institute of the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER-CV, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. .,Research Institute of the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
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50
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Cuellar-Tamez RX, Villarreal-Calderon JR, Rubio-Infante N, Castillo EC, García-Garza M, Elizondo-Montemayor L, García-Rivas G. Bariatric surgery-induced weight loss reduces B cell activating cytokines and IgG immunoglobulins related to autoimmunity. Surg Endosc 2020; 35:5147-5158. [DOI: 10.1007/s00464-020-08004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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