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Masin L, Bergmans S, Van Dyck A, Farrow K, De Groef L, Moons L. Local glycolysis supports injury-induced axonal regeneration. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202402133. [PMID: 39352499 PMCID: PMC11451009 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202402133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Successful axonal regeneration following injury requires the effective allocation of energy. How axons withstand the initial disruption in mitochondrial energy production caused by the injury and subsequently initiate regrowth is poorly understood. Transcriptomic data showed increased expression of glycolytic genes after optic nerve crush in retinal ganglion cells with the co-deletion of Pten and Socs3. Using retinal cultures in a multicompartment microfluidic device, we observed increased regrowth and enhanced mitochondrial trafficking in the axons of Pten and Socs3 co-deleted neurons. While wild-type axons relied on mitochondrial metabolism, after injury, in the absence of Pten and Socs3, energy production was supported by local glycolysis. Specific inhibition of lactate production hindered injury survival and the initiation of regrowth while slowing down glycolysis upstream impaired regrowth initiation, axonal elongation, and energy production. Together, these observations reveal that glycolytic ATP, combined with sustained mitochondrial transport, is essential for injury-induced axonal regrowth, providing new insights into the metabolic underpinnings of axonal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Masin
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven Bergmans
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annelies Van Dyck
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karl Farrow
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
- Neuro-Electronics Research Flanders, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Leuven, Belgium
- imec, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lies De Groef
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieve Moons
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
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2
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Hudson HR, Riessland M, Orr ME. Defining and characterizing neuronal senescence, 'neurescence', as G X arrested cells. Trends Neurosci 2024:S0166-2236(24)00178-4. [PMID: 39389805 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a cell state characterized by resistance to apoptosis and stable cell cycle arrest. Senescence was first observed in mitotic cells in vitro. Recent evidence from in vivo studies and human tissue indicates that postmitotic cells, including neurons, may also become senescent. The quiescent cell state of neurons and inconsistent descriptions of neuronal senescence across studies, however, have caused confusion in this burgeoning field. We summarize evidence demonstrating that exit from G0 quiescence may protect neurons against apoptosis and predispose them toward senescence. Additionally, we propose the term 'neurescent' for senescent neurons and introduce the cell state, GX, to describe cell cycle arrest achieved by passing through G0 quiescence. Criteria are provided to identify neurescent cells, distinguish them from G0 quiescent neurons, and compare neurescent phenotypes with classic replicative senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Hudson
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Internal Medicine Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Markus Riessland
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Miranda E Orr
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Internal Medicine Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Salisbury VA Medical Center, Salisbury, NC, USA.
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3
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Sarnyai Z, Ben-Shachar D. Schizophrenia, a disease of impaired dynamic metabolic flexibility: A new mechanistic framework. Psychiatry Res 2024; 342:116220. [PMID: 39369460 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 09/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic, neurodevelopmental disorder with unknown aetiology and pathophysiology that emphasises the role of neurotransmitter imbalance and abnormalities in synaptic plasticity. The currently used pharmacological approach, the antipsychotic drugs, which have limited efficacy and an array of side-effects, have been developed based on the neurotransmitter hypothesis. Recent research has uncovered systemic and brain abnormalities in glucose and energy metabolism, focusing on altered glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. These findings call for a re-conceptualisation of schizophrenia pathophysiology as a progressing bioenergetics failure. In this review, we provide an overview of the fundamentals of brain bioenergetics and the changes identified in schizophrenia. We then propose a new explanatory framework positing that schizophrenia is a disease of impaired dynamic metabolic flexibility, which also reconciles findings of abnormal glucose and energy metabolism in the periphery and in the brain along the course of the disease. This evidence-based framework and testable hypothesis has the potential to transform the way we conceptualise this debilitating condition and to develop novel treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Sarnyai
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Department of Neuroscience, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Department of Psychiatry, Rambam Health Campus, Haifa, Israel; Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
| | - Dorit Ben-Shachar
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Department of Neuroscience, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Department of Psychiatry, Rambam Health Campus, Haifa, Israel.
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4
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Yao G, Yang Z. Glypican-3 knockdown inhibits the cell growth, stemness, and glycolysis development of hepatocellular carcinoma cells under hypoxic microenvironment through lactylation. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024; 130:546-554. [PMID: 37131292 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2023.2206982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumour in China. Glypican-3 (GPC3) is reported to be closely related to the occurrence and development of various tumours. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the role of GPC3 in HCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cell behaviours were investigated using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), Traswell, and sphere formation assays. The protein and mRNA expression levels were detected using western blot and Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) assays. RESULTS The results showed that GPC3 knockdown decreased the cell viability and stemness, glucose uptake, lactate production, and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), while increased the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in hypoxia-treated HCC cells. Additionally, GPC3 knockdown decreased the global lactylation and c-myc lactylation, which further decreased the protein stability and expressions of c-myc. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION GPC3-mediated lactylation modification may be a new direction in HCC treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gebing Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zihua Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
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5
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Bekhbat M. Glycolytic metabolism: Food for immune cells, fuel for depression? Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 40:100843. [PMID: 39263313 PMCID: PMC11387811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is one biological pathway thought to impact the brain to contribute to major depressive disorder (MDD) and is reliably associated with resistance to standard antidepressant treatments. While peripheral immune cells, particularly monocytes, have been associated with aspects of increased inflammation in MDD and symptom severity, significant gaps in knowledge exist regarding the mechanisms by which these cells are activated to contribute to behavioral symptoms in MDD. One concept that has gained recent appreciation is that metabolic rewiring to glycolysis in activated myeloid cells plays a crucial role in facilitating these cells' pro-inflammatory functions, which may underlie myeloid contribution to systemic inflammation and its effects on the brain. Given emerging evidence from translational studies of depression that peripheral monocytes exhibit signs of glycolytic activation, better understanding the immunometabolic phenotypes of monocytes which are known to be elevated in MDD with high inflammation is a critical step toward comprehending and treating the impact of inflammation on the brain. This narrative review examines the extant literature on glycolytic metabolism of circulating monocytes in depression and discusses the functional implications of immunometabolic shifts at both cellular and systemic levels. Additionally, it proposes potential therapeutic applications of existing immunomodulators that target glycolysis and related metabolic pathways in order to reverse the impact of elevated inflammation on the brain and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandakh Bekhbat
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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6
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Chakraborty A, Sreenivasmurthy SG, Miller W, Huai W, Biswas T, Mandal SM, Boscá L, Krishnan B, Ghosh G, Hazra T. Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate restores DNA repair activity of PNKP and ameliorates neurodegenerative symptoms in Huntington's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2406308121. [PMID: 39298485 PMCID: PMC11441552 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2406308121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) and spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) are the two most prevalent polyglutamine (polyQ) neurodegenerative diseases, caused by CAG (encoding glutamine) repeat expansion in the coding region of the huntingtin (HTT) and ataxin-3 (ATXN3) proteins, respectively. We have earlier reported that the activity, but not the protein level, of an essential DNA repair enzyme, polynucleotide kinase 3'-phosphatase (PNKP), is severely abrogated in both HD and SCA3 resulting in accumulation of double-strand breaks in patients' brain genome. While investigating the mechanistic basis for the loss of PNKP activity and accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks leading to neuronal death, we observed that PNKP interacts with the nuclear isoform of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3). Depletion of PFKFB3 markedly abrogates PNKP activity without changing its protein level. Notably, the levels of both PFKFB3 and its product fructose-2,6 bisphosphate (F2,6BP), an allosteric modulator of glycolysis, are significantly lower in the nuclear extracts of postmortem brain tissues of HD and SCA3 patients. Supplementation of F2,6BP restored PNKP activity in the nuclear extracts of patients' brain. Moreover, intracellular delivery of F2,6BP restored both the activity of PNKP and the integrity of transcribed genome in neuronal cells derived from the striatum of the HD mouse. Importantly, supplementing F2,6BP rescued the HD phenotype in Drosophila, suggesting F2,6BP to serve in vivo as a cofactor for the proper functionality of PNKP and thereby, of brain health. Our results thus provide a compelling rationale for exploring the therapeutic use of F2,6BP and structurally related compounds for treating polyQ diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Chakraborty
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | | | - Wyatt Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Weihan Huai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Tapan Biswas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Santi Mohan Mandal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), and Centro de Investigación en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid ES-28040, Spain
| | - Balaji Krishnan
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Gourisankar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Tapas Hazra
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
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7
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Liu J, Zhao F, Qu Y. Lactylation: A Novel Post-Translational Modification with Clinical Implications in CNS Diseases. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1175. [PMID: 39334941 PMCID: PMC11430557 DOI: 10.3390/biom14091175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactate, an important metabolic product, provides energy to neural cells during energy depletion or high demand and acts as a signaling molecule in the central nervous system. Recent studies revealed that lactate-mediated protein lactylation regulates gene transcription and influences cell fate, metabolic processes, inflammation, and immune responses. This review comprehensively examines the regulatory roles and mechanisms of lactylation in neurodevelopment, neuropsychiatric disorders, brain tumors, and cerebrovascular diseases. This analysis indicates that lactylation has multifaceted effects on central nervous system function and pathology, particularly in hypoxia-induced brain damage. Highlighting its potential as a novel therapeutic target, lactylation may play a significant role in treating neurological diseases. By summarizing current findings, this review aims to provide insights and guide future research and clinical strategies for central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education)/NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256600, China
| | - Fengyan Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education)/NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education)/NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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8
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Barros LF, Schirmeier S, Weber B. The Astrocyte: Metabolic Hub of the Brain. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2024; 16:a041355. [PMID: 38438188 PMCID: PMC11368191 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Astrocytic metabolism has taken center stage. Interposed between the neuron and the vasculature, astrocytes exert control over the fluxes of energy and building blocks required for neuronal activity and plasticity. They are also key to local detoxification and waste recycling. Whereas neurons are metabolically rigid, astrocytes can switch between different metabolic profiles according to local demand and the nutritional state of the organism. Their metabolic state even seems to be instructive for peripheral nutrient mobilization and has been implicated in information processing and behavior. Here, we summarize recent progress in our understanding of astrocytic metabolism and its effects on metabolic homeostasis and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Felipe Barros
- Centro de Estudios Científicos, Valdivia 5110465, Chile
- Universidad San Sebastián, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Valdivia 5110693, Chile
| | - Stefanie Schirmeier
- Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Biology, 01217 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bruno Weber
- University of Zurich, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Wang H, Liu S, Sun Y, Chen C, Hu Z, Li Q, Long J, Yan Q, Liang J, Lin Y, Yang S, Lin M, Liu X, Wang H, Yu J, Yi F, Tan Y, Yang Y, Chen N, Ai Q. Target modulation of glycolytic pathways as a new strategy for the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 101:102472. [PMID: 39233146 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is an innate and adaptive immune response initiated by the release of inflammatory mediators from various immune cells in response to harmful stimuli. While initially beneficial and protective, prolonged or excessive neuroinflammation has been identified in clinical and experimental studies as a key pathological driver of numerous neurological diseases and an accelerant of the aging process. Glycolysis, the metabolic process that converts glucose to pyruvate or lactate to produce adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), is often dysregulated in many neuroinflammatory disorders and in the affected nerve cells. Enhancing glucose availability and uptake, as well as increasing glycolytic flux through pharmacological or genetic manipulation of glycolytic enzymes, has shown potential protective effects in several animal models of neuroinflammatory diseases. Modulating the glycolytic pathway to improve glucose metabolism and ATP production may help alleviate energy deficiencies associated with these conditions. In this review, we examine six neuroinflammatory diseases-stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and depression-and provide evidence supporting the role of glycolysis in their treatment. We also explore the potential link between inflammation-induced aging and glycolysis. Additionally, we briefly discuss the critical role of glycolysis in three types of neuronal cells-neurons, microglia, and astrocytes-within physiological processes. This review highlights the significance of glycolysis in the pathology of neuroinflammatory diseases and its relevance to the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlong Wang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changsha Hospital for Matemal&Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ziyi Hu
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Qinqin Li
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Junpeng Long
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Qian Yan
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Jinping Liang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Yuting Lin
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Songwei Yang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Meiyu Lin
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Huiqin Wang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Jingbo Yu
- Technology Innovation Center/National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Chinese Medicine Powders and Innovative Drugs, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Fan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yong Tan
- Nephrology Department, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan 411100, China
| | - Yantao Yang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Naihong Chen
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Qidi Ai
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
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10
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Wang H, Vant JW, Zhang A, Sanchez RG, Wu Y, Micou ML, Luczak V, Whiddon Z, Carlson NM, Yu SB, Jabbo M, Yoon S, Abushawish AA, Ghassemian M, Masubuchi T, Gan Q, Watanabe S, Griffis ER, Hammarlund M, Singharoy A, Pekkurnaz G. Organization of a functional glycolytic metabolon on mitochondria for metabolic efficiency. Nat Metab 2024; 6:1712-1735. [PMID: 39261628 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Glucose, the primary cellular energy source, is metabolized through glycolysis initiated by the rate-limiting enzyme hexokinase (HK). In energy-demanding tissues like the brain, HK1 is the dominant isoform, primarily localized on mitochondria, and is crucial for efficient glycolysis-oxidative phosphorylation coupling and optimal energy generation. This study unveils a unique mechanism regulating HK1 activity, glycolysis and the dynamics of mitochondrial coupling, mediated by the metabolic sensor enzyme O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). OGT catalyses reversible O-GlcNAcylation, a post-translational modification influenced by glucose flux. Elevated OGT activity induces dynamic O-GlcNAcylation of the regulatory domain of HK1, subsequently promoting the assembly of the glycolytic metabolon on the outer mitochondrial membrane. This modification enhances the mitochondrial association with HK1, orchestrating glycolytic and mitochondrial ATP production. Mutation in HK1's O-GlcNAcylation site reduces ATP generation in multiple cell types, specifically affecting metabolic efficiency in neurons. This study reveals a previously unappreciated pathway that links neuronal metabolism and mitochondrial function through OGT and the formation of the glycolytic metabolon, providing potential strategies for tackling metabolic and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Wang
- Neurobiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John W Vant
- Biodesign Institute, The School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Andrew Zhang
- Neurobiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Richard G Sanchez
- Neurobiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Youjun Wu
- Department of Genetics and Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mary L Micou
- Neurobiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vincent Luczak
- Neurobiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Neurocrine Biosciences, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zachary Whiddon
- Neurobiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Natasha M Carlson
- Neurobiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Seungyoon B Yu
- Neurobiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mirna Jabbo
- Neurobiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Seokjun Yoon
- Neurobiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ahmed A Abushawish
- Neurobiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Majid Ghassemian
- Biomolecular and Proteomics Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Takeya Masubuchi
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Quan Gan
- Department of Cell Biology, Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shigeki Watanabe
- Department of Cell Biology, Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric R Griffis
- Nikon Imaging Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Marc Hammarlund
- Department of Genetics and Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Abhishek Singharoy
- Biodesign Institute, The School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Gulcin Pekkurnaz
- Neurobiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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11
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Wolff C, John D, Winkler U, Hochmuth L, Hirrlinger J, Köhler S. Insulin and leptin acutely modulate the energy metabolism of primary hypothalamic and cortical astrocytes. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 39175305 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Astrocytes constitute a heterogeneous cell population within the brain, contributing crucially to brain homeostasis and playing an important role in overall brain function. Their function and metabolism are not only regulated by local signals, for example, from nearby neurons, but also by long-range signals such as hormones. Thus, two prominent hormones primarily known for regulating the energy balance of the whole organism, insulin, and leptin, have been reported to also impact astrocytes within the brain. In this study, we investigated the acute regulation of astrocytic metabolism by these hormones in cultured astrocytes prepared from the mouse cortex and hypothalamus, a pivotal region in the context of nutritional regulation. Utilizing genetically encoded, fluorescent nanosensors, the cytosolic concentrations of glucose, lactate, and ATP, along with glycolytic rate and the NADH/NAD+ redox state were measured. Under basal conditions, differences between the two populations of astrocytes were observed for glucose and lactate concentrations as well as the glycolytic rate. Additionally, astrocytic metabolism responded to insulin and leptin in both brain regions, with some unique characteristics for each cell population. Finally, both hormones influenced how cells responded to elevated extracellular levels of potassium ions, a common indicator of neuronal activity. In summary, our study provides evidence that insulin and leptin acutely regulate astrocytic metabolism within minutes. Additionally, while astrocytes from the hypothalamus and cortex share similarities in their metabolism, they also exhibit distinct properties, further underscoring the growing recognition of astrocyte heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Wolff
- Faculty of Medicine, Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dorit John
- Faculty of Medicine, Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Medical Department II-Division of Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Pneumology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Winkler
- Faculty of Medicine, Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Luise Hochmuth
- Faculty of Medicine, Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Hirrlinger
- Faculty of Medicine, Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Köhler
- Faculty of Medicine, Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Sächsisches Krankenhaus Altscherbitz, Clinic for Neurology, Schkeuditz, Germany
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12
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Yu SB, Wang H, Sanchez RG, Carlson NM, Nguyen K, Zhang A, Papich ZD, Abushawish AA, Whiddon Z, Matysik W, Zhang J, Whisenant TC, Ghassemian M, Koberstein JN, Stewart ML, Myers SA, Pekkurnaz G. Neuronal activity-driven O-GlcNAcylation promotes mitochondrial plasticity. Dev Cell 2024; 59:2143-2157.e9. [PMID: 38843836 PMCID: PMC11338717 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Neuronal activity is an energy-intensive process that is largely sustained by instantaneous fuel utilization and ATP synthesis. However, how neurons couple ATP synthesis rate to fuel availability is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the metabolic sensor enzyme O-linked N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase regulates neuronal activity-driven mitochondrial bioenergetics in hippocampal and cortical neurons. We show that neuronal activity upregulates O-GlcNAcylation in mitochondria. Mitochondrial O-GlcNAcylation is promoted by activity-driven glucose consumption, which allows neurons to compensate for high energy expenditure based on fuel availability. To determine the proteins that are responsible for these adjustments, we mapped the mitochondrial O-GlcNAcome of neurons. Finally, we determine that neurons fail to meet activity-driven metabolic demand when O-GlcNAcylation dynamics are prevented. Our findings suggest that O-GlcNAcylation provides a fuel-dependent feedforward control mechanism in neurons to optimize mitochondrial performance based on neuronal activity. This mechanism thereby couples neuronal metabolism to mitochondrial bioenergetics and plays a key role in sustaining energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyoon B Yu
- Neurobiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Haoming Wang
- Neurobiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Richard G Sanchez
- Neurobiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Natasha M Carlson
- Neurobiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Khanh Nguyen
- Laboratory for Immunochemical Circuits, Center of Autoimmunity and Inflammation, and Division of Signaling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrew Zhang
- Neurobiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zachary D Papich
- Neurobiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ahmed A Abushawish
- Neurobiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zachary Whiddon
- Neurobiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Weronika Matysik
- Neurobiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Neurobiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Thomas C Whisenant
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Majid Ghassemian
- Biomolecular and Proteomics Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - John N Koberstein
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Melissa L Stewart
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Samuel A Myers
- Laboratory for Immunochemical Circuits, Center of Autoimmunity and Inflammation, and Division of Signaling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Program in Immunology, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gulcin Pekkurnaz
- Neurobiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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13
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Leclerc M, Tremblay C, Bourassa P, Schneider JA, Bennett DA, Calon F. Lower GLUT1 and unchanged MCT1 in Alzheimer's disease cerebrovasculature. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:1417-1432. [PMID: 38441044 PMCID: PMC11342728 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x241237484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The brain is a highly demanding organ, utilizing mainly glucose but also ketone bodies as sources of energy. Glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) and monocarboxylates transporter-1 (MCT1) respectively transport glucose and ketone bodies across the blood-brain barrier. While reduced glucose uptake by the brain is one of the earliest signs of Alzheimer's disease (AD), no change in the uptake of ketone bodies has been evidenced yet. To probe for changes in GLUT1 and MCT1, we performed Western immunoblotting in microvessel extracts from the parietal cortex of 60 participants of the Religious Orders Study. Participants clinically diagnosed with AD had lower cerebrovascular levels of GLUT1, whereas MCT1 remained unchanged. GLUT1 reduction was associated with lower cognitive scores. No such association was found for MCT1. GLUT1 was inversely correlated with neuritic plaques and cerebrovascular β-secretase-derived fragment levels. No other significant associations were found between both transporters, markers of Aβ and tau pathologies, sex, age at death or apolipoprotein-ε4 genotype. These results suggest that, while a deficit of GLUT1 may underlie the reduced transport of glucose to the brain in AD, no such impairment occurs for MCT1. This study thus supports the exploration of ketone bodies as an alternative energy source for the aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Leclerc
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Cyntia Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Bourassa
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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14
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Xu W, Borges K. Case for supporting astrocyte energetics in glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome. Epilepsia 2024; 65:2213-2226. [PMID: 38767952 DOI: 10.1111/epi.18013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
In glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome (Glut1DS), glucose transport into brain is reduced due to impaired Glut1 function in endothelial cells at the blood-brain barrier. This can lead to shortages of glucose in brain and is thought to contribute to seizures. Ketogenic diets are the first-line treatment and, among many beneficial effects, provide auxiliary fuel in the form of ketone bodies that are largely metabolized by neurons. However, Glut1 is also the main glucose transporter in astrocytes. Here, we review data indicating that glucose shortage may also impact astrocytes in addition to neurons and discuss the expected negative biochemical consequences of compromised astrocytic glucose transport for neurons. Based on these effects, auxiliary fuels are needed for both cell types and adding medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) to ketogenic diets is a biochemically superior treatment for Glut1DS compared to classical ketogenic diets. MCTs provide medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs), which are largely metabolized by astrocytes and not neurons. MCFAs supply energy and contribute carbons for glutamine and γ-aminobutyric acid synthesis, and decanoic acid can also block α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid glutamate receptors. MCTs do not compete with metabolism of ketone bodies mostly occurring in neurons. Triheptanoin, an anaplerotic but also gluconeogenic uneven MCT, may be another potential addition to ketogenic diets, although maintenance of "ketosis" can be difficult. Gene therapy has also targeted both endothelial cells and astrocytes. Other approaches to increase fuel delivery to the brain currently investigated include exchange of Glut1DS erythrocytes with healthy cells, infusion of lactate, and pharmacological improvement of glucose transport. In conclusion, although it remains difficult to assess impaired astrocytic energy metabolism in vivo, astrocytic energy needs are most likely not met by ketogenic diets in Glut1DS. Thus, we propose prospective studies including monitoring of blood MCFA levels to find optimal doses for add-on MCT to ketogenic diets and assessing of short- and long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Karin Borges
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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15
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Frame AK, Sinka JL, Courchesne M, Muhammad RA, Grahovac-Nemeth S, Bernards MA, Bartha R, Cumming RC. Altered neuronal lactate dehydrogenase A expression affects cognition in a sex- and age-dependent manner. iScience 2024; 27:110342. [PMID: 39055955 PMCID: PMC11269950 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS) model posits that astrocyte-generated lactate is transported to neurons to fuel memory processes. However, neurons express high levels of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), the rate-limiting enzyme of lactate production, suggesting a cognitive role for neuronally generated lactate. It was hypothesized that lactate metabolism in neurons is critical for learning and memory. Here transgenic mice were generated to conditionally induce or knockout (KO) the Ldha gene in CNS neurons of adult mice. High pattern separation memory was enhanced by neuronal Ldha induction in young females, and by neuronal Ldha KO in aged females. In older mice, Ldha induction caused cognitive deficits whereas Ldha KO caused cognitive improvements. Genotype-associated cognitive changes were often only observed in one sex or oppositely in males and females. Thus, neuronal-generated lactate has sex-specific cognitive effects, is largely indispensable at young age, and may be detrimental to learning and memory with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel K. Frame
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Jessica L. Sinka
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Marc Courchesne
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | | | | | - Mark A. Bernards
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Robert Bartha
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Robert C. Cumming
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
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16
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Chakraborty A, Sreenivasmurthy SG, Miller W, Huai W, Biswas T, Mandal SM, Boscá L, Krishnan B, Ghosh G, Hazra T. Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate restores DNA repair activity of PNKP and ameliorates neurodegenerative symptoms in Huntington's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.26.564220. [PMID: 37961108 PMCID: PMC10634858 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.26.564220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) and spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) are the two most prevalent polyglutamine (polyQ) neurodegenerative diseases, caused by CAG (encoding glutamine) repeat expansion in the coding region of the huntingtin (HTT) and ataxin-3 (ATXN3) proteins, respectively. We have earlier reported that the activity, but not the protein level, of an essential DNA repair enzyme, polynucleotide kinase 3'-phosphatase (PNKP), is severely abrogated in both HD and SCA3 resulting in accumulation of double-strand breaks in patients' brain genome. While investigating the mechanistic basis for the loss of PNKP activity and accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks leading to neuronal death, we observed that PNKP interacts with the nuclear isoform of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3). Depletion of PFKFB3 markedly abrogates PNKP activity without changing its protein level. Notably, the levels of both PFKFB3 and its product fructose-2,6 bisphosphate (F2,6BP), an allosteric modulator of glycolysis, are significantly lower in the nuclear extracts of post-mortem brain tissues of HD and SCA3 patients. Supplementation of F2,6BP restored PNKP activity in the nuclear extracts of patients' brain. Moreover, intracellular delivery of F2,6BP restored both the activity of PNKP and the integrity of transcribed genome in neuronal cells derived from striatum of HD mouse. Importantly, supplementing F2,6BP rescued the HD phenotype in Drosophila, suggesting F2,6BP to serve in vivo as a cofactor for the proper functionality of PNKP and thereby, of brain health. Our results thus provide a compelling rationale for exploring the therapeutic use of F2,6BP and structurally related compounds for treating polyQ diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Chakraborty
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | | | - Wyatt Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, LA Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Weihan Huai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, LA Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Tapan Biswas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, LA Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Santi Mohan Mandal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, LA Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (CSIC-UAM), and Centro de Investigación en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Balaji Krishnan
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Gourisankar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, LA Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Tapas Hazra
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
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17
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Jimenez-Blasco D, Agulla J, Lapresa R, Garcia-Macia M, Bobo-Jimenez V, Garcia-Rodriguez D, Manjarres-Raza I, Fernandez E, Jeanson Y, Khoury S, Portais JC, Padro D, Ramos-Cabrer P, Carmeliet P, Almeida A, Bolaños JP. Weak neuronal glycolysis sustains cognition and organismal fitness. Nat Metab 2024; 6:1253-1267. [PMID: 38789798 PMCID: PMC11272580 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The energy cost of neuronal activity is mainly sustained by glucose1,2. However, in an apparent paradox, neurons modestly metabolize glucose through glycolysis3-6, a circumstance that can be accounted for by the constant degradation of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase-fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase-3 (PFKFB3)3,7,8, a key glycolysis-promoting enzyme. To evaluate the in vivo physiological importance of this hypoglycolytic metabolism, here we genetically engineered mice with their neurons transformed into active glycolytic cells through Pfkfb3 expression. In vivo molecular, biochemical and metabolic flux analyses of these neurons revealed an accumulation of anomalous mitochondria, complex I disassembly, bioenergetic deficiency and mitochondrial redox stress. Notably, glycolysis-mediated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) reduction impaired sirtuin-dependent autophagy. Furthermore, these mice displayed cognitive decline and a metabolic syndrome that was mimicked by confining Pfkfb3 expression to hypothalamic neurons. Neuron-specific genetic ablation of mitochondrial redox stress or brain NAD+ restoration corrected these behavioural alterations. Thus, the weak glycolytic nature of neurons is required to sustain higher-order organismal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jimenez-Blasco
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Agulla
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rebeca Lapresa
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marina Garcia-Macia
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Madrid, Spain
| | - Veronica Bobo-Jimenez
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Dario Garcia-Rodriguez
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Madrid, Spain
| | - Israel Manjarres-Raza
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Fernandez
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yannick Jeanson
- RESTORE, University of Toulouse, Inserm U1031, CNRS 5070, UPS, EFS, Toulouse, France
| | - Spiro Khoury
- RESTORE, University of Toulouse, Inserm U1031, CNRS 5070, UPS, EFS, Toulouse, France
- MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Charles Portais
- RESTORE, University of Toulouse, Inserm U1031, CNRS 5070, UPS, EFS, Toulouse, France
- MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, INSA de Toulouse INSA/CNRS 5504, UMR INSA/INRA 792, Toulouse, France
| | - Daniel Padro
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Pedro Ramos-Cabrer
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Angeles Almeida
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan P Bolaños
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Madrid, Spain.
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18
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Pardo B. Neuronal hypoglycolysis sustains body health. Nat Metab 2024; 6:1197-1199. [PMID: 38789797 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Pardo
- Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular-UAM (IUBM-UAM), Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UAM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), UAM, Madrid, Spain.
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19
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Woo MS, Bal LC, Winschel I, Manca E, Walkenhorst M, Sevgili B, Sonner JK, Di Liberto G, Mayer C, Binkle-Ladisch L, Rothammer N, Unger L, Raich L, Hadjilaou A, Noli B, Manai AL, Vieira V, Meurs N, Wagner I, Pless O, Cocco C, Stephens SB, Glatzel M, Merkler D, Friese MA. The NR4A2/VGF pathway fuels inflammation-induced neurodegeneration via promoting neuronal glycolysis. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e177692. [PMID: 39145444 PMCID: PMC11324305 DOI: 10.1172/jci177692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A disturbed balance between excitation and inhibition (E/I balance) is increasingly recognized as a key driver of neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. To understand how chronic hyperexcitability contributes to neuronal loss in MS, we transcriptionally profiled neurons from mice lacking inhibitory metabotropic glutamate signaling with shifted E/I balance and increased vulnerability to inflammation-induced neurodegeneration. This revealed a prominent induction of the nuclear receptor NR4A2 in neurons. Mechanistically, NR4A2 increased susceptibility to excitotoxicity by stimulating continuous VGF secretion leading to glycolysis-dependent neuronal cell death. Extending these findings to people with MS (pwMS), we observed increased VGF levels in serum and brain biopsies. Notably, neuron-specific deletion of Vgf in a mouse model of MS ameliorated neurodegeneration. These findings underscore the detrimental effect of a persistent metabolic shift driven by excitatory activity as a fundamental mechanism in inflammation-induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel S. Woo
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lukas C. Bal
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Winschel
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elias Manca
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, NEF-Laboratory, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mark Walkenhorst
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bachar Sevgili
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jana K. Sonner
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Giovanni Di Liberto
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christina Mayer
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Binkle-Ladisch
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Rothammer
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Unger
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Raich
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexandros Hadjilaou
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine (BNITM), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Noli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, NEF-Laboratory, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio L. Manai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, NEF-Laboratory, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Vanessa Vieira
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nina Meurs
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingrid Wagner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ole Pless
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cristina Cocco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, NEF-Laboratory, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Samuel B. Stephens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Manuel A. Friese
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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20
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Morelli M, Dudzikowska K, Deelchand DK, Quinn AJ, Mullins PG, Apps MAJ, Wilson M. Functional Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Prolonged Motor Activation using Conventional and Spectral GLM Analyses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.15.594270. [PMID: 38798416 PMCID: PMC11118477 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.15.594270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Background Functional MRS (fMRS) is a technique used to measure metabolic changes in response to increased neuronal activity, providing unique insights into neurotransmitter dynamics and neuroenergetics. In this study we investigate the response of lactate and glutamate levels in the motor cortex during a sustained motor task using conventional spectral fitting and explore the use of a novel analysis approach based on the application of linear modelling directly to the spectro-temporal fMRS data. Methods fMRS data were acquired at a field strength of 3 Tesla from 23 healthy participants using a short echo-time (28ms) semi-LASER sequence. The functional task involved rhythmic hand clenching over a duration of 8 minutes and standard MRS preprocessing steps, including frequency and phase alignment, were employed. Both conventional spectral fitting and direct linear modelling were applied, and results from participant-averaged spectra and metabolite-averaged individual analyses were compared. Results We observed a 20% increase in lactate in response to the motor task, consistent with findings at higher magnetic field strengths. However, statistical testing showed some variability between the two averaging schemes and fitting algorithms. While lactate changes were supported by the direct spectral modelling approach, smaller increases in glutamate (2%) were inconsistent. Exploratory spectral modelling identified a 4% decrease in aspartate, aligning with conventional fitting and observations from prolonged visual stimulation. Conclusion We demonstrate that lactate dynamics in response to a prolonged motor task are observed using short-echo time semi-LASER at 3 Tesla, and that direct linear modelling of fMRS data is a useful complement to conventional analysis. Future work includes mitigating spectral confounds, such as scalp lipid contamination and lineshape drift, and further validation of our novel direct linear modelling approach through experimental and simulated datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Morelli
- Centre for Human Brain Health and School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Katarzyna Dudzikowska
- Centre for Human Brain Health and School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dinesh K. Deelchand
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Andrew J. Quinn
- Centre for Human Brain Health and School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Matthew A. J. Apps
- Centre for Human Brain Health and School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martin Wilson
- Centre for Human Brain Health and School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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21
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Dienel GA, Rothman DL. In vivo calibration of genetically encoded metabolite biosensors must account for metabolite metabolism during calibration and cellular volume. J Neurochem 2024; 168:506-532. [PMID: 36726217 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Isotopic assays of brain glucose utilization rates have been used for more than four decades to establish relationships between energetics, functional activity, and neurotransmitter cycling. Limitations of these methods include the relatively long time (1-60 min) for the determination of labeled metabolite levels and the lack of cellular resolution. Identification and quantification of fuels for neurons and astrocytes that support activation and higher brain functions are a major, unresolved issues. Glycolysis is preferentially up-regulated during activation even though oxygen level and supply are adequate, causing lactate concentrations to quickly rise during alerting, sensory processing, cognitive tasks, and memory consolidation. However, the fate of lactate (rapid release from brain or cell-cell shuttling coupled with local oxidation) is long disputed. Genetically encoded biosensors can determine intracellular metabolite concentrations and report real-time lactate level responses to sensory, behavioral, and biochemical challenges at the cellular level. Kinetics and time courses of cellular lactate concentration changes are informative, but accurate biosensor calibration is required for quantitative comparisons of lactate levels in astrocytes and neurons. An in vivo calibration procedure for the Laconic lactate biosensor involves intracellular lactate depletion by intravenous pyruvate-mediated trans-acceleration of lactate efflux followed by sensor saturation by intravenous infusion of high doses of lactate plus ammonium chloride. In the present paper, the validity of this procedure is questioned because rapid lactate-pyruvate interconversion in blood, preferential neuronal oxidation of both monocarboxylates, on-going glycolytic metabolism, and cellular volumes were not taken into account. Calibration pitfalls for the Laconic lactate biosensor also apply to other metabolite biosensors that are standardized in vivo by infusion of substrates that can be metabolized in peripheral tissues. We discuss how technical shortcomings negate the conclusion that Laconic sensor calibrations support the existence of an in vivo astrocyte-neuron lactate concentration gradient linked to lactate shuttling from astrocytes to neurons to fuel neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald A Dienel
- Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Douglas L Rothman
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center and Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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22
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York EM, Miller A, Stopka SA, Martínez-François JR, Hossain MA, Baquer G, Regan MS, Agar NYR, Yellen G. The dentate gyrus differentially metabolizes glucose and alternative fuels during rest and stimulation. J Neurochem 2024; 168:533-554. [PMID: 37929637 PMCID: PMC11070451 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic demands of neuronal activity are both temporally and spatially dynamic, and neurons are particularly sensitive to disruptions in fuel and oxygen supply. Glucose is considered an obligate fuel for supporting brain metabolism. Although alternative fuels are often available, the extent of their contribution to central carbon metabolism remains debated. Differential fuel metabolism likely depends on cell type, location, and activity state, complicating its study. While biosensors provide excellent spatial and temporal information, they are limited to observations of only a few metabolites. On the other hand, mass spectrometry is rich in chemical information, but traditionally relies on cell culture or homogenized tissue samples. Here, we use mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) to focus on the fuel metabolism of the dentate granule cell (DGC) layer in murine hippocampal slices. Using stable isotopes, we explore labeling dynamics at baseline, as well as in response to brief stimulation or fuel competition. We find that at rest, glucose is the predominant fuel metabolized through glycolysis, with little to no measurable contribution from glycerol or fructose. However, lactate/pyruvate, β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB), octanoate, and glutamine can contribute to TCA metabolism to varying degrees. In response to brief depolarization with 50 mM KCl, glucose metabolism was preferentially increased relative to the metabolism of alternative fuels. With an increased supply of alternative fuels, both lactate/pyruvate and βHB can outcompete glucose for TCA cycle entry. While lactate/pyruvate modestly reduced glucose contribution to glycolysis, βHB caused little change in glycolysis. This approach achieves broad metabolite coverage from a spatially defined region of physiological tissue, in which metabolic states are rapidly preserved following experimental manipulation. Using this powerful methodology, we investigated metabolism within the dentate gyrus not only at rest, but also in response to the energetic demand of activation, and in states of fuel competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa M. York
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Anne Miller
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Sylwia A. Stopka
- Surgical Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of
Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Department of Radiology, Brigham
and Women's Hospital; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
| | | | - Md Amin Hossain
- Surgical Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of
Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Department of Radiology, Brigham
and Women's Hospital; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
| | - Gerard Baquer
- Surgical Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of
Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Department of Radiology, Brigham
and Women's Hospital; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
| | - Michael S. Regan
- Surgical Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of
Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Department of Radiology, Brigham
and Women's Hospital; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
| | - Nathalie Y. R. Agar
- Surgical Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of
Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Department of Radiology, Brigham
and Women's Hospital; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
| | - Gary Yellen
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, MA 02115 USA
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23
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Rae CD, Baur JA, Borges K, Dienel G, Díaz-García CM, Douglass SR, Drew K, Duarte JMN, Duran J, Kann O, Kristian T, Lee-Liu D, Lindquist BE, McNay EC, Robinson MB, Rothman DL, Rowlands BD, Ryan TA, Scafidi J, Scafidi S, Shuttleworth CW, Swanson RA, Uruk G, Vardjan N, Zorec R, McKenna MC. Brain energy metabolism: A roadmap for future research. J Neurochem 2024; 168:910-954. [PMID: 38183680 PMCID: PMC11102343 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Although we have learned much about how the brain fuels its functions over the last decades, there remains much still to discover in an organ that is so complex. This article lays out major gaps in our knowledge of interrelationships between brain metabolism and brain function, including biochemical, cellular, and subcellular aspects of functional metabolism and its imaging in adult brain, as well as during development, aging, and disease. The focus is on unknowns in metabolism of major brain substrates and associated transporters, the roles of insulin and of lipid droplets, the emerging role of metabolism in microglia, mysteries about the major brain cofactor and signaling molecule NAD+, as well as unsolved problems underlying brain metabolism in pathologies such as traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, and metabolic downregulation during hibernation. It describes our current level of understanding of these facets of brain energy metabolism as well as a roadmap for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline D. Rae
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2052 & Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joseph A. Baur
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Karin Borges
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Gerald Dienel
- Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Carlos Manlio Díaz-García
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Kelly Drew
- Center for Transformative Research in Metabolism, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - João M. N. Duarte
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, & Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jordi Duran
- Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oliver Kann
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120; Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tibor Kristian
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Center System, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and the Center for Shock, Trauma, and Anesthesiology Research (S.T.A.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dasfne Lee-Liu
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Britta E. Lindquist
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurocritical Care, Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ewan C. McNay
- Behavioral Neuroscience, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Michael B. Robinson
- Departments of Pediatrics and System Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Douglas L. Rothman
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center and Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Rowlands
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timothy A. Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joseph Scafidi
- Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Susanna Scafidi
- Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - C. William Shuttleworth
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Raymond A. Swanson
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gökhan Uruk
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nina Vardjan
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology—Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology—Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mary C. McKenna
- Department of Pediatrics and Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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24
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Dienel GA, Schousboe A, McKenna MC, Rothman DL. A tribute to Leif Hertz: The historical context of his pioneering studies of the roles of astrocytes in brain energy metabolism, neurotransmission, cognitive functions, and pharmacology identifies important, unresolved topics for future studies. J Neurochem 2024; 168:461-495. [PMID: 36928655 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Leif Hertz, M.D., D.Sc. (honōris causā) (1930-2018), was one of the original and noteworthy participants in the International Conference on Brain Energy Metabolism (ICBEM) series since its inception in 1993. The biennial ICBEM conferences are organized by neuroscientists interested in energetics and metabolism underlying neural functions; they have had a high impact on conceptual and experimental advances in these fields and on promoting collaborative interactions among neuroscientists. Leif made major contributions to ICBEM discussions and understanding of metabolic and signaling characteristics of astrocytes and their roles in brain function. His studies ranged from uptake of K+ from extracellular fluid and its stimulation of astrocytic respiration, identification, and regulation of enzymes specifically or preferentially expressed in astrocytes in the glutamate-glutamine cycle of excitatory neurotransmission, a requirement for astrocytic glycogenolysis for fueling K+ uptake, involvement of glycogen in memory consolidation in the chick, and pharmacology of astrocytes. This tribute to Leif Hertz highlights his major discoveries, the high impact of his work on astrocyte-neuron interactions, and his unparalleled influence on understanding the cellular basis of brain energy metabolism. His work over six decades has helped integrate the roles of astrocytes into neurotransmission where oxidative and glycogenolytic metabolism during neurotransmitter glutamate turnover are key aspects of astrocytic energetics. Leif recognized that brain astrocytic metabolism is greatly underestimated unless the volume fraction of astrocytes is taken into account. Adjustment for pathway rates expressed per gram tissue for volume fraction indicates that astrocytes have much higher oxidative rates than neurons and astrocytic glycogen concentrations and glycogenolytic rates during sensory stimulation in vivo are similar to those in resting and exercising muscle, respectively. These novel insights are typical of Leif's astute contributions to the energy metabolism field, and his publications have identified unresolved topics that provide the neuroscience community with challenges and opportunities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald A Dienel
- Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
| | - Arne Schousboe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Mary C McKenna
- Department of Pediatrics and Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, USA
| | - Douglas L Rothman
- Department of Radiology, Magnetic Resonance Research Center (MRRC), Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
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25
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Rose HM, Ferrán B, Ranjit R, Masingale AM, Owen DB, Hussong S, Kinter MT, Galvan V, Logan S, Díaz-García CM. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter deficiency in dentate granule cells remodels neuronal metabolism and impairs reversal learning. J Neurochem 2024; 168:592-607. [PMID: 37415312 PMCID: PMC10770303 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is the main route of calcium (Ca2+) entry into neuronal mitochondria. This channel has been linked to mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and cell death under neurotoxic conditions, but its physiologic roles for normal brain function remain poorly understood. Despite high expression of MCU in excitatory hippocampal neurons, it is unknown whether this channel is required for learning and memory. Here, we genetically down-regulated the Mcu gene in dentate granule cells (DGCs) of the hippocampus and found that this manipulation increases the overall respiratory activity of mitochondrial complexes I and II, augmenting the generation of reactive oxygen species in the context of impaired electron transport chain. The metabolic remodeling of MCU-deficient neurons also involved changes in the expression of enzymes that participate in glycolysis and the regulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, as well as the cellular antioxidant defenses. We found that MCU deficiency in DGCs does not change circadian rhythms, spontaneous exploratory behavior, or cognitive function in middle-aged mice (11-13 months old), when assessed with a food-motivated working memory test with three choices. DGC-targeted down-regulation of MCU significantly impairs reversal learning assessed with an 8-arm radial arm water maze but does not affect their ability to learn the task for the first time. Our results indicate that neuronal MCU plays an important physiologic role in memory formation and may be a potential therapeutic target to develop interventions aimed at improving cognitive function in aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadyn M Rose
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Beatriz Ferrán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Rojina Ranjit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Anthony M Masingale
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Daniel B Owen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Stacy Hussong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Oklahoma City Veterans Health Care System, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Michael T Kinter
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Veronica Galvan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Oklahoma City Veterans Health Care System, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Sreemathi Logan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Carlos Manlio Díaz-García
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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26
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Kann O. Lactate as a supplemental fuel for synaptic transmission and neuronal network oscillations: Potentials and limitations. J Neurochem 2024; 168:608-631. [PMID: 37309602 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lactate shuttled from the blood circulation, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes or even activated microglia (resident macrophages) to neurons has been hypothesized to represent a major source of pyruvate compared to what is normally produced endogenously by neuronal glucose metabolism. However, the role of lactate oxidation in fueling neuronal signaling associated with complex cortex function, such as perception, motor activity, and memory formation, is widely unclear. This issue has been experimentally addressed using electrophysiology in hippocampal slice preparations (ex vivo) that permit the induction of different neural network activation states by electrical stimulation, optogenetic tools or receptor ligand application. Collectively, these studies suggest that lactate in the absence of glucose (lactate only) impairs gamma (30-70 Hz) and theta-gamma oscillations, which feature high energy demand revealed by the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2, set to 100%). The impairment comprises oscillation attenuation or moderate neural bursts (excitation-inhibition imbalance). The bursting is suppressed by elevating the glucose fraction in energy substrate supply. By contrast, lactate can retain certain electric stimulus-induced neural population responses and intermittent sharp wave-ripple activity that features lower energy expenditure (CMRO2 of about 65%). Lactate utilization increases the oxygen consumption by about 9% during sharp wave-ripples reflecting enhanced adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. Moreover, lactate attenuates neurotransmission in glutamatergic pyramidal cells and fast-spiking, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneurons by reducing neurotransmitter release from presynaptic terminals. By contrast, the generation and propagation of action potentials in the axon is regular. In conclusion, lactate is less effective than glucose and potentially detrimental during neural network rhythms featuring high energetic costs, likely through the lack of some obligatory ATP synthesis by aerobic glycolysis at excitatory and inhibitory synapses. High lactate/glucose ratios might contribute to central fatigue, cognitive impairment, and epileptic seizures partially seen, for instance, during exhaustive physical exercise, hypoglycemia and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Kann
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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27
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Deepa SS, Thadathil N, Corral J, Mohammed S, Pham S, Rose H, Kinter MT, Richardson A, Díaz-García CM. MLKL overexpression leads to Ca 2+ and metabolic dyshomeostasis in a neuronal cell model. Cell Calcium 2024; 119:102854. [PMID: 38430790 PMCID: PMC10990772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The necroptotic effector molecule MLKL accumulates in neurons over the lifespan of mice, and its downregulation has the potential to improve cognition through neuroinflammation, and changes in the abundance of synaptic proteins and enzymes in the central nervous system. Notwithstanding, direct evidence of cell-autonomous effects of MLKL expression on neuronal physiology and metabolism are lacking. Here, we tested whether the overexpression of MLKL in the absence of cell death in the neuronal cell line Neuro-2a recapitulates some of the hallmarks of aging at the cellular level. Using genetically-encoded fluorescent biosensors, we monitored the cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ levels, along with the cytosolic concentrations of several metabolites involved in energy metabolism (lactate, glucose, ATP) and oxidative stress (oxidized/reduced glutathione). We found that MLKL overexpression marginally decreased cell viability, however, it led to reduced cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ elevations in response to Ca2+ influx from the extracellular space. On the contrary, Ca2+ signals were elevated after mobilizing Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum. Transient elevations in cytosolic Ca2+, mimicking neuronal stimulation, lead to higher lactate levels and lower glucose concentrations in Neuro-2a cells when overexpressing MLKL, which suggest enhanced neuronal glycolysis. Despite these alterations, energy levels and glutathione redox state in the cell bodies remained largely preserved after inducing MLKL overexpression for 24-48 h. Taken together, our proof-of-concept experiments are consistent with the hypothesis that MLKL overexpression in the absence of cell death contributes to both Ca2+ and metabolic dyshomeostasis, which are cellular hallmarks of brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathyaseelan S Deepa
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, USA; Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Nidheesh Thadathil
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, USA
| | - Jorge Corral
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, USA; Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, USA
| | - Sabira Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, USA; Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sophia Pham
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, USA; Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, USA
| | - Hadyn Rose
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, USA; Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, USA
| | - Michael T Kinter
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Arlan Richardson
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, USA; Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Carlos Manlio Díaz-García
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, USA; Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, USA; Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, USA.
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Kostyuk AI, Rapota DD, Morozova KI, Fedotova AA, Jappy D, Semyanov AV, Belousov VV, Brazhe NA, Bilan DS. Modern optical approaches in redox biology: Genetically encoded sensors and Raman spectroscopy. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 217:68-115. [PMID: 38508405 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The objective of the current review is to summarize the current state of optical methods in redox biology. It consists of two parts, the first is dedicated to genetically encoded fluorescent indicators and the second to Raman spectroscopy. In the first part, we provide a detailed classification of the currently available redox biosensors based on their target analytes. We thoroughly discuss the main architecture types of these proteins, the underlying engineering strategies for their development, the biochemical properties of existing tools and their advantages and disadvantages from a practical point of view. Particular attention is paid to fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy as a possible readout technique, since it is less prone to certain artifacts than traditional intensiometric measurements. In the second part, the characteristic Raman peaks of the most important redox intermediates are listed, and examples of how this knowledge can be implemented in biological studies are given. This part covers such fields as estimation of the redox states and concentrations of Fe-S clusters, cytochromes, other heme-containing proteins, oxidative derivatives of thiols, lipids, and nucleotides. Finally, we touch on the issue of multiparameter imaging, in which biosensors are combined with other visualization methods for simultaneous assessment of several cellular parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I Kostyuk
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Diana D Rapota
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Kseniia I Morozova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Anna A Fedotova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - David Jappy
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Alexey V Semyanov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119435, Russia; College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, 314001, China
| | - Vsevolod V Belousov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, Skolkovo, Moscow, 143025, Russia
| | - Nadezda A Brazhe
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | - Dmitry S Bilan
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia.
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29
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Basu R, Preat T, Plaçais PY. Glial metabolism versatility regulates mushroom body-driven behavioral output in Drosophila. Learn Mem 2024; 31:a053823. [PMID: 38862167 PMCID: PMC11199944 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053823.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Providing metabolic support to neurons is now recognized as a major function of glial cells that is conserved from invertebrates to vertebrates. However, research in this field has focused for more than two decades on the relevance of lactate and glial glycolysis for neuronal energy metabolism, while overlooking many other facets of glial metabolism and their impact on neuronal physiology, circuit activity, and behavior. Here, we review recent work that has unveiled new features of glial metabolism, especially in Drosophila, in the modulation of behavioral traits involving the mushroom bodies (MBs). These recent findings reveal that spatially and biochemically distinct modes of glucose-derived neuronal fueling are implemented within the MB in a memory type-specific manner. In addition, cortex glia are endowed with several antioxidant functions, whereas astrocytes can serve as pro-oxidant agents that are beneficial to redox signaling underlying long-term memory. Finally, glial fatty acid oxidation seems to play a dual fail-safe role: first, as a mode of energy production upon glucose shortage, and, second, as a factor underlying the clearance of excessive oxidative load during sleep. Altogether, these integrated studies performed in Drosophila indicate that glial metabolism has a deterministic role on behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchira Basu
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity (UMR 8249), CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Preat
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity (UMR 8249), CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Plaçais
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity (UMR 8249), CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
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30
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Koveal D. Functional principles of genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors for metabolism and their quantitative use. J Neurochem 2024; 168:496-505. [PMID: 37314388 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors provide an attractive means of measuring chemical changes in single cells on fast timescales (milliseconds to seconds). While their most prominent application has been in tracking neural activity and neurotransmitter release, there has been growing interest in developing and deploying new versions of these tools to study brain metabolism. However, the careful use of these tools and the interpretation of the data they provide remain challenging. Many biosensors are subject to interferences that can alter sensor responses within a single cell or between cells, producing ambiguous results. This presents a challenge for quantitation and for our ability to accurately interpret sensor responses. This review describes current methods of sensor quantitation, with a focus on cellular interferences that commonly affect sensor performance, ways to avoid false inferences, and recent advances in sensor optimization to make them more robust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy Koveal
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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31
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Granath-Panelo M, Kajimura S. Mitochondrial heterogeneity and adaptations to cellular needs. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:674-686. [PMID: 38755301 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Although it is well described that mitochondria are at the epicentre of the energy demands of a cell, it is becoming important to consider how each cell tailors its mitochondrial composition and functions to suit its particular needs beyond ATP production. Here we provide insight into mitochondrial heterogeneity throughout development as well as in tissues with specific energy demands and discuss how mitochondrial malleability contributes to cell fate determination and tissue remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melia Granath-Panelo
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Shingo Kajimura
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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32
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Gallo G. Neuronal glycolysis: focus on developmental morphogenesis and localized subcellular functions. Commun Integr Biol 2024; 17:2343532. [PMID: 38655369 PMCID: PMC11037282 DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2024.2343532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that directly generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP), provides metabolic intermediates for anabolism, and supports mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. This review addresses recent advances in our understanding of the functions of neuronal glycolysis during the development of neuronal morphogenesis, focusing on the emergent concept that neuronal glycolysis serves local subcellular bioenergetic roles in maintaining neuronal function. The current evidence indicates that glycolysis is subcellularly targeted to specific organelles and molecular machinery to locally supply bioenergetic support for defined subcellular mechanisms underlying neuronal morphogenesis (i.e. axon extension, axon retraction and axonal transport). Thus, the concept of glycolysis as a "housekeeping" mechanism in neurons would benefit revision and future work aim to further define its subcellular functions at varied developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Gallo
- Department of Neural Sciences, Shriners Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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33
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Peper CJ, Kilgore MD, Jiang Y, Xiu Y, Xia W, Wang Y, Shi M, Zhou D, Dumont AS, Wang X, Liu N. Tracing the path of disruption: 13C isotope applications in traumatic brain injury-induced metabolic dysfunction. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14693. [PMID: 38544365 PMCID: PMC10973562 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral metabolic dysfunction is a critical pathological hallmark observed in the aftermath of traumatic brain injury (TBI), as extensively documented in clinical investigations and experimental models. An in-depth understanding of the bioenergetic disturbances that occur following TBI promises to reveal novel therapeutic targets, paving the way for the timely development of interventions to improve patient outcomes. The 13C isotope tracing technique represents a robust methodological advance, harnessing biochemical quantification to delineate the metabolic trajectories of isotopically labeled substrates. This nuanced approach enables real-time mapping of metabolic fluxes, providing a window into the cellular energetic state and elucidating the perturbations in key metabolic circuits. By applying this sophisticated tool, researchers can dissect the complexities of bioenergetic networks within the central nervous system, offering insights into the metabolic derangements specific to TBI pathology. Embraced by both animal studies and clinical research, 13C isotope tracing has bolstered our understanding of TBI-induced metabolic dysregulation. This review synthesizes current applications of isotope tracing and its transformative potential in evaluating and addressing the metabolic sequelae of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J. Peper
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and NeurologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Mitchell D. Kilgore
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and NeurologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Yinghua Jiang
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and NeurologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Yuwen Xiu
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and NeurologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Winna Xia
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and NeurologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and NeurologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Mengxuan Shi
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and NeurologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Di Zhou
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and NeurologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Aaron S. Dumont
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and NeurologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and NeurologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain InstituteTulane UniversityNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Ning Liu
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and NeurologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain InstituteTulane UniversityNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- Tulane University Translational Sciences InstituteNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
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34
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Díaz-García CM. Glycogen from spinal astrocytes dials up the pain. Nat Metab 2024; 6:384-386. [PMID: 38443592 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01000-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Manlio Díaz-García
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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35
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Andreyev AY, Yang H, Doulias P, Dolatabadi N, Zhang X, Luevanos M, Blanco M, Baal C, Putra I, Nakamura T, Ischiropoulos H, Tannenbaum SR, Lipton SA. Metabolic Bypass Rescues Aberrant S-nitrosylation-Induced TCA Cycle Inhibition and Synapse Loss in Alzheimer's Disease Human Neurons. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306469. [PMID: 38235614 PMCID: PMC10966553 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), dysfunctional mitochondrial metabolism is associated with synaptic loss, the major pathological correlate of cognitive decline. Mechanistic insight for this relationship, however, is still lacking. Here, comparing isogenic wild-type and AD mutant human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cerebrocortical neurons (hiN), evidence is found for compromised mitochondrial energy in AD using the Seahorse platform to analyze glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Isotope-labeled metabolic flux experiments revealed a major block in activity in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle at the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (αKGDH)/succinyl coenzyme-A synthetase step, metabolizing α-ketoglutarate to succinate. Associated with this block, aberrant protein S-nitrosylation of αKGDH subunits inhibited their enzyme function. This aberrant S-nitrosylation is documented not only in AD-hiN but also in postmortem human AD brains versus controls, as assessed by two separate unbiased mass spectrometry platforms using both SNOTRAP identification of S-nitrosothiols and chemoselective-enrichment of S-nitrosoproteins. Treatment with dimethyl succinate, a cell-permeable derivative of a TCA substrate downstream to the block, resulted in partial rescue of mitochondrial bioenergetic function as well as reversal of synapse loss in AD-hiN. These findings have therapeutic implications that rescue of mitochondrial energy metabolism can ameliorate synaptic loss in hiPSC-based models of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Y. Andreyev
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Neurodegeneration New Medicines CenterThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA92037USA
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
- Northeast Asia Institute of Chinese MedicineChangchun University of Chinese MedicineChangchun130021China
- Present address:
The Public Experiment CenterChangchun University of Chinese MedicineChangchun130117China
| | - Paschalis‐Thomas Doulias
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute and Departments of Pediatrics and PharmacologyRaymond and Ruth Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of BiosciencesUniversity Research Center of IoanninaUniversity of IoanninaIoannina45110Greece
| | - Nima Dolatabadi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Neurodegeneration New Medicines CenterThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA92037USA
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Neurodegeneration New Medicines CenterThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA92037USA
| | - Melissa Luevanos
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Neurodegeneration New Medicines CenterThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA92037USA
| | - Mayra Blanco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Neurodegeneration New Medicines CenterThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA92037USA
| | - Christine Baal
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Neurodegeneration New Medicines CenterThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA92037USA
| | - Ivan Putra
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Neurodegeneration New Medicines CenterThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA92037USA
| | - Tomohiro Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Neurodegeneration New Medicines CenterThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA92037USA
| | - Harry Ischiropoulos
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute and Departments of Pediatrics and PharmacologyRaymond and Ruth Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Steven R. Tannenbaum
- Northeast Asia Institute of Chinese MedicineChangchun University of Chinese MedicineChangchun130021China
| | - Stuart A. Lipton
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Neurodegeneration New Medicines CenterThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA92037USA
- Department of NeurosciencesSchool of MedicineUniversity of California at San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA
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36
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Gliozzi M, Coppoletta AR, Cardamone A, Musolino V, Carresi C, Nucera S, Ruga S, Scarano F, Bosco F, Guarnieri L, Macrì R, Mollace R, Belzung C, Mollace V. The dangerous "West Coast Swing" by hyperglycaemia and chronic stress in the mouse hippocampus: Role of kynurenine catabolism. Pharmacol Res 2024; 201:107087. [PMID: 38301816 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Growing epidemiological studies highlight a bi-directional relationship between depressive symptoms and diabetes mellitus. However, the detrimental impact of their co-existence on mental health suggests the need to treat this comorbidity as a separate entity rather than the two different pathologies. Herein, we characterized the peculiar mechanisms activated in mouse hippocampus from the concurrent development of hyperglycaemia, characterizing the different diabetes subtypes, and chronic stress, recognized as a possible factor predisposing to major depression. Our work demonstrates that kynurenine overproduction, leading to apoptosis in the hippocampus, is triggered in a different way depending on hyperglycaemia or chronic stress. Indeed, in the former, kynurenine appears produced by infiltered macrophages whereas, in the latter, peripheral kynurenine preferentially promotes resident microglia activation. In this scenario, QA, derived from kynurenine catabolism, appears a key mediator causing glutamatergic synapse dysfunction and apoptosis, thus contributing to brain atrophy. We demonstrated that the coexistence of hyperglycaemia and chronic stress worsened hippocampal damage through alternative mechanisms, such as GLUT-4 and BDNF down-expression, denoting mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis on one hand and evoking the compromission of neurogenesis on the other. Overall, in the degeneration of neurovascular unit, hyperglycaemia and chronic stress interacted each other as the partners of a "West Coast Swing" in which the leading role can be assumed alternatively by each partner of the dance. The comprehension of these mechanisms can open novel perspectives in the management of diabetic/depressed patients, but also in the understanding the pathogenesis of other neurodegenerative disease characterized by the compromission of hippocampal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Gliozzi
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Catherine Belzung
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Inserm, Université de Tours, CEDEX 1, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Price MS, Moore TI, Venkatachalam K. Intracellular Lactate Dynamics Reveal the Metabolic Diversity of Drosophila Glutamatergic Neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.26.582095. [PMID: 38464270 PMCID: PMC10925175 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.26.582095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Lactate, an intermediary between glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, reflects the metabolic state of neurons. Here, we utilized a genetically-encoded lactate FRET biosensor to uncover subpopulations of distinct metabolic states among Drosophila glutamatergic neurons. Neurons within specific subpopulations exhibited correlated lactate flux patterns that stemmed from inherent cellular properties rather than neuronal interconnectivity. Further, individual neurons exhibited consistent patterns of lactate flux over time such that stimulus-evoked changes in lactate were correlated with pre-treatment fluctuations. Leveraging these temporal autocorrelations, deep-learning models accurately predicted post-stimulus responses from pre-stimulus fluctuations. These findings point to the existence of distinct neuronal subpopulations, each characterized by unique lactate dynamics, and raise the possibility that neurons with correlated metabolic activities might synchronize across different neural circuits. Such synchronization, rooted in neuronal metabolic states, could influence information processing in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Price
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
- Molecular and Translational Biology Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Travis I. Moore
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Molecular and Translational Biology Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Kartik Venkatachalam
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
- Molecular and Translational Biology Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
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38
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Delgado MG, Delgado R. Transient Synaptic Enhancement Triggered by Exogenously Supplied Monocarboxylate in Drosophila Motoneuron Synapse. Neuroscience 2024; 539:66-75. [PMID: 38220128 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Current evidence suggests that glial cells provide C3 carbon sources to fuel neuronal activity; however, this notion has become challenged by biosensor studies carried out in acute brain slices or in vivo, showing that neuronal activity does not rely on the import of astrocyte-produced L-lactate. Rather, stimulated neurons become net lactate exporters, as it was also shown in Drosophila neurons, in which astrocyte-provided lactate returns as lipid droplets to be stored in glial cells. In this view, we investigate whether exogenously supplied monocarboxylates can support Drosophila motoneuron neurotransmitter release (NTR). By assessing the excitatory post-synaptic current (EPSC) amplitude under voltage-clamp as NTR indicative, we found that both pyruvate and L-lactate, as the only carbon sources in the synapses bathing-solution, cause a large transient NTR enhancement, which declines to reach a synaptic depression state, from which the synapses do not recover. The FM1-43 pre-synaptic loading ability, however, is maintained under monocarboxylate, suggesting that SV cycling should not contribute to the synaptic depression state. The NTR recovery was reached by supplementing the monocarboxylate medium with sucrose. However, monocarboxylate addition to sucrose medium does not enhance NTR, but it does when the disaccharide concentration becomes too reduced. Thus, when pyruvate concentrations become too reduced, exogenously supplied L-lactate could be converted to pyruvate and metabolized by the neural mitochondria, triggering the NTR enhancement. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The question of whether monocarboxylic acids can fuel the Drosophila motoneuron NTR was challenged. Our findings show that exogenously supplied monocarboxylates trigger a large transient synaptic enhancement just under extreme glycolysis reduction but fail to maintain NTR under sustained synaptic demand, still at low frequency stimulation, driven to the synapses to a synaptic depression state. Glycolysis activation, by adding sucrose to the monocarboxylate bath solution, restores the motoneuron NTR ability, giving place to a hexoses role in SV recruitment. Moreover these results suggest exogenously supplied C3 carbon sources could have an additional role beyond providing energetic support for neural activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Graciela Delgado
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, 7800001 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Ricardo Delgado
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, 7800001 Santiago, Chile.
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Gustafsson J, Robinson JL, Zetterberg H, Nielsen J. Brain energy metabolism is optimized to minimize the cost of enzyme synthesis and transport. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2305035121. [PMID: 38315844 PMCID: PMC10873630 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305035121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The energy metabolism of the brain is poorly understood partly due to the complex morphology of neurons and fluctuations in ATP demand over time. To investigate this, we used metabolic models that estimate enzyme usage per pathway, enzyme utilization over time, and enzyme transportation to evaluate how these parameters and processes affect ATP costs for enzyme synthesis and transportation. Our models show that the total enzyme maintenance energy expenditure of the human body depends on how glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration are distributed both across and within cell types in the brain. We suggest that brain metabolism is optimized to minimize the ATP maintenance cost by distributing the different ATP generation pathways in an advantageous way across cell types and potentially also across synapses within the same cell. Our models support this hypothesis by predicting export of lactate from both neurons and astrocytes during peak ATP demand, reproducing results from experimental measurements reported in the literature. Furthermore, our models provide potential explanation for parts of the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle theory, which is recapitulated under some conditions in the brain, while contradicting other aspects of the theory. We conclude that enzyme usage per pathway, enzyme utilization over time, and enzyme transportation are important factors for defining the optimal distribution of ATP production pathways, opening a broad avenue to explore in brain metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Gustafsson
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonathan L. Robinson
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- BioInnovation Institute, CopenhagenDK-2200, Denmark
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal431 30, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal431 30, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, LondonWC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute, University College London, LondonWC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong999077, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53792
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal431 30, Sweden
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40
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Uthayakumar B, Cappelletto NIC, Bragagnolo ND, Chen AP, Ma N, Perks WJ, Endre R, Tam F, Graham SJ, Heyn C, Keshari KR, Soliman H, Cunningham CH. Task Activation Results in Regional 13 C-Lactate Signal Increase in the Human Brain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.01.577808. [PMID: 38352450 PMCID: PMC10862828 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.01.577808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized- 13 C magnetic resonance imaging (HP- 13 C MRI) was used to image changes in 13 C-lactate signal during a visual stimulus condition in comparison to an eyes-closed control condition. Whole-brain 13 C-pyruvate, 13 C-lactate and 13 C-bicarbonate production was imaged in healthy volunteers (N=6, ages 24-33) for the two conditions using two separate hyperpolarized 13 C-pyruvate injections. BOLD-fMRI scans were used to delineate regions of functional activation. 13 C-metabolite signal was normalized by 13 C-metabolite signal from the brainstem and the percentage change in 13 C-metabolite signal conditions was calculated. A one-way Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed a significant increase in 13 C-lactate in regions of activation when compared to the remainder of the brain ( p = 0.02, V = 21). No significant increase was observed in 13 C-pyruvate ( p = 0.11, V = 17) or 13 C-bicarbonate ( p = 0.95, V = 3) signal. The results show an increase in 13 C-lactate production in the activated region that is measurable with HP- 13 C MRI.
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Wolfe AD, Koberstein JN, Smith CB, Stewart ML, Gonzalez IJ, Hammarlund M, Hyman AA, Stork PJS, Goodman RH, Colón-Ramos DA. Local and dynamic regulation of neuronal glycolysis in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314699121. [PMID: 38198527 PMCID: PMC10801914 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314699121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Energy metabolism supports neuronal function. While it is well established that changes in energy metabolism underpin brain plasticity and function, less is known about how individual neurons modulate their metabolic states to meet varying energy demands. This is because most approaches used to examine metabolism in living organisms lack the resolution to visualize energy metabolism within individual circuits, cells, or subcellular regions. Here, we adapted a biosensor for glycolysis, HYlight, for use in Caenorhabditis elegans to image dynamic changes in glycolysis within individual neurons and in vivo. We determined that neurons cell-autonomously perform glycolysis and modulate glycolytic states upon energy stress. By examining glycolysis in specific neurons, we documented a neuronal energy landscape comprising three general observations: 1) glycolytic states in neurons are diverse across individual cell types; 2) for a given condition, glycolytic states within individual neurons are reproducible across animals; and 3) for varying conditions of energy stress, glycolytic states are plastic and adapt to energy demands. Through genetic analyses, we uncovered roles for regulatory enzymes and mitochondrial localization in the cellular and subcellular dynamic regulation of glycolysis. Our study demonstrates the use of a single-cell glycolytic biosensor to examine how energy metabolism is distributed across cells and coupled to dynamic states of neuronal function and uncovers unique relationships between neuronal identities and metabolic landscapes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D. Wolfe
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06536
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06536
| | | | - Chadwick B. Smith
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR97239
| | | | - Ian J. Gonzalez
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06536
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06536
| | - Marc Hammarlund
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06536
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06536
| | - Anthony A. Hyman
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden01307, Germany
| | | | - Richard H. Goodman
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06536
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06536
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR97239
| | - Daniel A. Colón-Ramos
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06536
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06536
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT06510
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42
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Zhang Y, Sun M, Zhao H, Wang Z, Shi Y, Dong J, Wang K, Wang X, Li X, Qi H, Zhao X. Neuroprotective Effects and Therapeutic Potential of Dichloroacetate: Targeting Metabolic Disorders in Nervous System Diseases. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:7559-7581. [PMID: 38106446 PMCID: PMC10725694 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s439728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dichloroacetate (DCA) is an investigational drug used to treat lactic acidosis and malignant tumours. It works by inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and increasing the rate of glucose oxidation. Some studies have documented the neuroprotective benefits of DCA. By reviewing these studies, this paper shows that DCA has multiple pharmacological activities, including regulating metabolism, ameliorating oxidative stress, attenuating neuroinflammation, inhibiting apoptosis, decreasing autophagy, protecting the blood‒brain barrier, improving the function of endothelial progenitor cells, improving mitochondrial dynamics, and decreasing amyloid β-protein. In addition, DCA inhibits the enzyme that metabolizes it, which leads to peripheral neurotoxicity due to drug accumulation that may be solved by individualized drug delivery and nanovesicle delivery. In summary, in this review, we analyse the mechanisms of neuroprotection by DCA in different diseases and discuss the causes of and solutions to its adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiyan Sun
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxiang Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengyan Wang
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Shi
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Dong
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaifang Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, Shanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingyue Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
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43
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Santos R, Lokmane L, Ozdemir D, Traoré C, Agesilas A, Hakibilen C, Lenkei Z, Zala D. Local glycolysis fuels actomyosin contraction during axonal retraction. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202206133. [PMID: 37902728 PMCID: PMC10616508 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202206133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to repulsive cues, axonal growth cones can quickly retract. This requires the prompt activity of contractile actomyosin, which is formed by the non-muscle myosin II (NMII) bound to actin filaments. NMII is a molecular motor that provides the necessary mechanical force at the expense of ATP. Here, we report that this process is energetically coupled to glycolysis and is independent of cellular ATP levels. Induction of axonal retraction requires simultaneous generation of ATP by glycolysis, as shown by chemical inhibition and genetic knock-down of GAPDH. Co-immunoprecipitation and proximal-ligation assay showed that actomyosin associates with ATP-generating glycolytic enzymes and that this association is strongly enhanced during retraction. Using microfluidics, we confirmed that the energetic coupling between glycolysis and actomyosin necessary for axonal retraction is localized to the growth cone and near axonal shaft. These results indicate a tight coupling between on-demand energy production by glycolysis and energy consumption by actomyosin contraction suggesting a function of glycolysis in axonal guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Santos
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Laboratory of Dynamics of Neuronal Structure in Health and Disease, Paris, France
- Institut des Sciences Biologiques, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Ludmilla Lokmane
- Institut de Biologie de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, École Normale Supérieure, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Dersu Ozdemir
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Laboratory of Dynamics of Neuronal Structure in Health and Disease, Paris, France
| | - Clément Traoré
- Brain Plasticity Unit, École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles–ParisTech, Paris, France
| | - Annabelle Agesilas
- Brain Plasticity Unit, École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles–ParisTech, Paris, France
| | - Coralie Hakibilen
- Brain Plasticity Unit, École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles–ParisTech, Paris, France
| | - Zsolt Lenkei
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Laboratory of Dynamics of Neuronal Structure in Health and Disease, Paris, France
- Brain Plasticity Unit, École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles–ParisTech, Paris, France
- GHU-Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, Paris, France
| | - Diana Zala
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Laboratory of Dynamics of Neuronal Structure in Health and Disease, Paris, France
- Brain Plasticity Unit, École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles–ParisTech, Paris, France
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Wei Y, Miao Q, Zhang Q, Mao S, Li M, Xu X, Xia X, Wei K, Fan Y, Zheng X, Fang Y, Mei M, Zhang Q, Ding J, Fan Y, Lu M, Hu G. Aerobic glycolysis is the predominant means of glucose metabolism in neuronal somata, which protects against oxidative damage. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:2081-2089. [PMID: 37996529 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01476-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
It is generally thought that under basal conditions, neurons produce ATP mainly through mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and glycolytic activity only predominates when neurons are activated and need to meet higher energy demands. However, it remains unknown whether there are differences in glucose metabolism between neuronal somata and axon terminals. Here, we demonstrated that neuronal somata perform higher levels of aerobic glycolysis and lower levels of OXPHOS than terminals, both during basal and activated states. We found that the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase 2 (PKM2) is localized predominantly in the somata rather than in the terminals. Deletion of Pkm2 in mice results in a switch from aerobic glycolysis to OXPHOS in neuronal somata, leading to oxidative damage and progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons. Our findings update the conventional view that neurons uniformly use OXPHOS under basal conditions and highlight the important role of somatic aerobic glycolysis in maintaining antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - QianQian Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiyu Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengke Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xian Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinlei Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinquan Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Mei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhua Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Akter M, Hasan M, Ramkrishnan AS, Iqbal Z, Zheng X, Fu Z, Lei Z, Karim A, Li Y. Astrocyte and L-lactate in the anterior cingulate cortex modulate schema memory and neuronal mitochondrial biogenesis. eLife 2023; 12:e85751. [PMID: 37960975 PMCID: PMC10645423 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocyte-derived L-lactate was shown to confer beneficial effects on synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions. However, how astrocytic Gi signaling in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) modulates L-lactate levels and schema memory is not clear. Here, using chemogenetic approach and well-established behavioral paradigm, we demonstrate that astrocytic Gi pathway activation in the ACC causes significant impairments in flavor-place paired associates (PAs) learning, schema formation, and PA memory retrieval in rats. It also impairs new PA learning even if a prior associative schema exists. These impairments are mediated by decreased L-lactate in the ACC due to astrocytic Gi activation. Concurrent exogenous L-lactate administration bilaterally into the ACC rescues these impairments. Furthermore, we show that the impaired schema memory formation is associated with a decreased neuronal mitochondrial biogenesis caused by decreased L-lactate level in the ACC upon astrocytic Gi activation. Our study also reveals that L-lactate-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis is dependent on monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2) and NMDA receptor activity - discovering a previously unrecognized signaling role of L-lactate. These findings expand our understanding of the role of astrocytes and L-lactate in the brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mastura Akter
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Mahadi Hasan
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Aruna Surendran Ramkrishnan
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of SciencesHong Kong SARChina
| | - Xianlin Zheng
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Zhongqi Fu
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of SciencesHong Kong SARChina
| | - Zhuogui Lei
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Anwarul Karim
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of SciencesHong Kong SARChina
- Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
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Soltanzadeh M, Blanchard S, Soucy JP, Benali H. Lactate's behavioral switch in the brain: An in-silico model. J Theor Biol 2023; 575:111648. [PMID: 37865309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence emphasizes lactate's involvement in both physiological processes (energy metabolism, memory, etc.) and disease (traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, etc.). Furthermore, the usefulness of mathematical modeling in deciphering underlying dynamics of the brain to investigate lactate roles and mechanisms of action has been well established. Here, we analyze a novel mathematical model of brain lactate exchanges between four compartments: neurons, astrocytes, capillaries, and extracellular space. A system of four ordinary differential equations is proposed to explain interactions between these compartments. We first optimize and analyze the model's parameters under normal, resting state conditions, and then use it to simulate changes linked to elevated arterial lactate. Our results show that even though increased arterial lactate results in increased uptake by astrocytes and release to the extracellular space, it cannot strongly recover the initial drop in neuronal lactate concentration. Also, we show that the direction of lactate transport between the compartments is influenced by the maximum astrocyte production rate and the transport rate between astrocytes and extracellular space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Soltanzadeh
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada; Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Solenna Blanchard
- University of Rennes, INSERM, LTSI-UMR 1099, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Paul Soucy
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada; Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Habib Benali
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada; Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.
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Xie H, Li J, Lian N, Xie M, Wu M, Tang K, Kang Y, Lu P, Li T. Defective branched-chain amino acid catabolism in dorsal root ganglia contributes to mechanical pain. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56958. [PMID: 37721527 PMCID: PMC10626448 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202356958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism has recently been implicated in the development of mechanical pain, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Here, we report that defective BCAA catabolism in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons sensitizes mice to mechanical pain by increasing lactate production and expression of the mechanotransduction channel Piezo2. In high-fat diet-fed obese mice, we observed the downregulation of PP2Cm, a key regulator of the BCAA catabolic pathway, in DRG neurons. Mice with conditional knockout of PP2Cm in DRG neurons exhibit mechanical allodynia under normal or SNI-induced neuropathic injury conditions. Furthermore, the VAS scores in the plasma of patients with peripheral neuropathic pain are positively correlated with BCAA contents. Mechanistically, defective BCAA catabolism in DRG neurons promotes lactate production through glycolysis, which increases H3K18la modification and drives Piezo2 expression. Inhibition of lactate production or Piezo2 silencing attenuates the pain phenotype of knockout mice in response to mechanical stimuli. Therefore, our study demonstrates a causal role of defective BCAA catabolism in mechanical pain by enhancing metabolite-mediated epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Nan Lian
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of RadiologyWest China Hospital of Sichuan University, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengduChina
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Minming Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Kuo Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yi Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Peilin Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Jaraíz-Rodríguez M, Del Prado L, Balsa E. Metabolic remodeling in astrocytes: Paving the path to brain tumor development. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 188:106327. [PMID: 37839712 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is a highly metabolic organ, composed of multiple cell classes, that controls crucial functions of the body. Although neurons have traditionally been the main protagonist, astrocytes have gained significant attention over the last decade. In this regard, astrocytes are a type of glial cells that have recently emerged as critical regulators of central nervous system (CNS) function and play a significant role in maintaining brain energy metabolism. However, in certain scenarios, astrocyte behavior can go awry, which poses a significant threat to brain integrity and function. This is definitively the case for mutations that turn normal astrocytes and astrocytic precursors into gliomas, an aggressive type of brain tumor. In addition, healthy astrocytes can interact with tumor cells, becoming part of the tumor microenvironment and influencing disease progression. In this review, we discuss the recent evidence suggesting that disturbed metabolism in astrocytes can contribute to the development and progression of fatal human diseases such as cancer. Emphasis is placed on detailing the molecular bases and metabolic pathways of this disease and highlighting unique metabolic vulnerabilities that can potentially be exploited to develop successful therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Jaraíz-Rodríguez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Del Prado
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Balsa
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular - IUBM (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain.
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Rabah Y, Francés R, Minatchy J, Guédon L, Desnous C, Plaçais PY, Preat T. Glycolysis-derived alanine from glia fuels neuronal mitochondria for memory in Drosophila. Nat Metab 2023; 5:2002-2019. [PMID: 37932430 PMCID: PMC10663161 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00910-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Glucose is the primary source of energy for the brain; however, it remains controversial whether, upon neuronal activation, glucose is primarily used by neurons for ATP production or if it is partially oxidized in astrocytes, as proposed by the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle model for glutamatergic neurons. Thus, an in vivo picture of glucose metabolism during cognitive processes is missing. Here, we uncover in Drosophila melanogaster a glia-to-neuron alanine transfer involving alanine aminotransferase that sustains memory formation. Following associative conditioning, glycolysis in glial cells produces alanine, which is back-converted into pyruvate in cholinergic neurons of the olfactory memory center to uphold their increased mitochondrial needs. Alanine, as a mediator of glia-neuron coupling, could be an alternative to lactate in cholinergic systems. In parallel, a dedicated glial glucose transporter imports glucose specifically for long-term memory, by directly transferring it to neurons for use by the pentose phosphate pathway. Our results demonstrate in vivo the compartmentalization of glucose metabolism between neurons and glial cells during memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Rabah
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Raquel Francés
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Julia Minatchy
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Laura Guédon
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Coraline Desnous
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Plaçais
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
| | - Thomas Preat
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
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Vu CQ, Arai S. Quantitative Imaging of Genetically Encoded Fluorescence Lifetime Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:939. [PMID: 37887132 PMCID: PMC10605767 DOI: 10.3390/bios13100939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Genetically encoded fluorescence lifetime biosensors have emerged as powerful tools for quantitative imaging, enabling precise measurement of cellular metabolites, molecular interactions, and dynamic cellular processes. This review provides an overview of the principles, applications, and advancements in quantitative imaging with genetically encoded fluorescence lifetime biosensors using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (go-FLIM). We highlighted the distinct advantages of fluorescence lifetime-based measurements, including independence from expression levels, excitation power, and focus drift, resulting in robust and reliable measurements compared to intensity-based approaches. Specifically, we focus on two types of go-FLIM, namely Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-FLIM and single-fluorescent protein (FP)-based FLIM biosensors, and discuss their unique characteristics and benefits. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers interested in leveraging fluorescence lifetime imaging to study molecular interactions and cellular metabolism with high precision and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Quang Vu
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Satoshi Arai
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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