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Wang J, Huang P, Hou F, Hao D, Li W, Jin H. Predicting gestational diabetes mellitus risk at 11-13 weeks' gestation: the role of extrachromosomal circular DNA. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:289. [PMID: 39113025 PMCID: PMC11304788 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) significantly impacts maternal and infant health both immediately and over the long term, yet effective early diagnostic biomarkers are currently lacking. Thus, it is essential to identify early diagnostic biomarkers for GDM risk screening. Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA), being more stable than linear DNA and involved in disease pathologies, is a viable biomarker candidate for diverse conditions. In this study, eccDNA biomarkers identified for early diagnosis and assessment of GDM risk were explored. METHODS Using Circle-seq, we identified plasma eccDNA profiles in five pregnant women who later developed GDM and five matched healthy controls at 11-13 weeks of gestation. These profiles were subsequently analyzed through bioinformatics and validated through outward PCR combined with Sanger sequencing. Furthermore, candidate eccDNA was validated by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in a larger cohort of 70 women who developed GDM and 70 normal glucose-tolerant (NGT) subjects. A ROC curve assessed the eccDNA's diagnostic potential for GDM. RESULTS 2217 eccDNAs were differentially detected between future GDM patients and controls, with 1289 increased and 928 decreased in abundance. KEGG analysis linked eccDNA genes mainly to GDM-related pathways such as Rap1, MAPK, and PI3K-Akt, and Insulin resistance, among others. Validation confirmed a significant decrease in eccDNA PRDM16circle in the plasma of 70 women who developed GDM compared to 70 NGT women, consistent with the eccDNA-seq results. PRDM16circle showed significant diagnostic value in 11-13 weeks of gestation (AUC = 0.941, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study first demonstrats that eccDNAs are aberrantly produced in women who develop GDM, including PRDM16circle, which can predict GDM at an early stage of pregnancy, indicating its potential as a biomarker. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR2300075971, http://www.chictr.org.cn . Registered 20 September 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Jinan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No.2, Jianguo Xiaojing Roud, Jinan, 250002, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyu Huang
- Fujian Provincial Sperm Bank, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Hou
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Jinan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No.2, Jianguo Xiaojing Roud, Jinan, 250002, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Hao
- Department of Family Planning, Jinan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wushan Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Jinan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Jin
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Jinan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No.2, Jianguo Xiaojing Roud, Jinan, 250002, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Schwartz L, Simoni A, Yan P, Salamon K, Turkoglu A, Vasquez Martinez G, Zepeda-Orozco D, Eichler T, Wang X, Spencer JD. Insulin receptor orchestrates kidney antibacterial defenses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400666121. [PMID: 38976738 PMCID: PMC11260129 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400666121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) commonly afflicts people with diabetes. This augmented infection risk is partly due to deregulated insulin receptor (IR) signaling in the kidney collecting duct. The collecting duct is composed of intercalated cells (ICs) and principal cells (PCs). Evidence suggests that ICs contribute to UTI defenses. Here, we interrogate how IR deletion in ICs impacts antibacterial defenses against uropathogenic Escherichia coli. We also explore how IR deletion affects immune responses in neighboring PCs with intact IR expression. To accomplish this objective, we profile the transcriptomes of IC and PC populations enriched from kidneys of wild-type and IC-specific IR knock-out mice that have increased UTI susceptibility. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrates that IR deletion suppresses IC-integrated stress responses and innate immune defenses. To define how IR shapes these immune defenses, we employ murine and human kidney cultures. When challenged with bacteria, murine ICs and human kidney cells with deregulated IR signaling cannot engage central components of the integrated stress response-including activating transcriptional factor 4 (ATF4). Silencing ATF4 impairs NFkB activation and promotes infection. In turn, NFkB silencing augments infection and suppresses antimicrobial peptide expression. In diabetic mice and people with diabetes, collecting duct cells show reduced IR expression, impaired integrated stress response engagement, and compromised immunity. Collectively, these translational data illustrate how IR orchestrates collecting duct antibacterial responses and the communication between ICs and PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schwartz
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH43205
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH43205
| | - Aaron Simoni
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH43205
| | - Pearlly Yan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH43210
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH43210
| | - Kristin Salamon
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH43205
| | - Altan Turkoglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH43210
| | - Gabriela Vasquez Martinez
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH43205
| | - Diana Zepeda-Orozco
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH43205
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH43205
| | - Tad Eichler
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH43205
| | - Xin Wang
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH43205
| | - John David Spencer
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH43205
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH43205
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3
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Jin Z, Hammoud H, Bhandage AK, Korol SV, Trujeque-Ramos O, Koreli S, Gong Z, Chowdhury AI, Sandbaumhüter FA, Jansson ET, Lindsay RS, Christoffersson G, Andrén PE, Carlsson PO, Bergsten P, Kamali-Moghaddam M, Birnir B. GABA-mediated inhibition of human CD4 + T cell functions is enhanced by insulin but impaired by high glucose levels. EBioMedicine 2024; 105:105217. [PMID: 38943728 PMCID: PMC11260598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), known as the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, exerts immunomodulatory functions by interaction with immune cells, including T cells. Metabolic programs of T cells are closely linked to their effector functions including proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine production. The physiological molecules glucose and insulin may provide environmental cues and guidance, but whether they coordinate to regulate GABA-mediated T cell immunomodulation is still being examined. METHODS CD4+ T cells that were isolated from blood samples from healthy individuals and from patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) were activated in vitro. We carried out metabolic assays, multiple proximity extension assay (PEA), ELISA, qPCR, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry analysis, MS-based proteomics, as well as electrophysiology and live-cell Ca2+ imaging. FINDINGS We demonstrate that GABA-mediated reduction of metabolic activity and the release of inflammatory proteins, including IFNγ and IL-10, were abolished in human CD4+ T cells from healthy individuals and patients with T1D when the glucose concentration was elevated above levels typically observed in healthy people. Insulin increased GABAA receptor-subunit ρ2 expression, enhanced the GABAA receptors-mediated currents and Ca2+ influx. GABA decreased, whereas insulin sustained, hexokinase activity and glycolysis in a glucose concentration-dependent manner. INTERPRETATION These findings support that metabolic factors, such as glucose and insulin, influence the GABA-mediated immunomodulation of human primary T cells effector functions. FUNDING The Swedish Children's Diabetes Foundation, The Swedish Diabetes Foundation, The Swedish Research Council 2018-02952, EXODIAB, The Ernfors Foundation, The Thurings Foundation and the Science for Life Laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Jin
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hayma Hammoud
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Stasini Koreli
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zhitao Gong
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Erik Tomas Jansson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Per Erik Andrén
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per-Ola Carlsson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Masood Kamali-Moghaddam
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bryndis Birnir
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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4
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Mathyk BA, Tabetah M, Karim R, Zaksas V, Kim J, Anu RI, Muratani M, Tasoula A, Singh RS, Chen YK, Overbey E, Park J, Cope H, Fazelinia H, Povero D, Borg J, Klotz RV, Yu M, Young SL, Mason CE, Szewczyk N, St Clair RM, Karouia F, Beheshti A. Spaceflight induces changes in gene expression profiles linked to insulin and estrogen. Commun Biol 2024; 7:692. [PMID: 38862620 PMCID: PMC11166981 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Organismal adaptations to spaceflight have been characterized at the molecular level in model organisms, including Drosophila and C. elegans. Here, we extend molecular work to energy metabolism and sex hormone signaling in mice and humans. We found spaceflight induced changes in insulin and estrogen signaling in rodents and humans. Murine changes were most prominent in the liver, where we observed inhibition of insulin and estrogen receptor signaling with concomitant hepatic insulin resistance and steatosis. Based on the metabolic demand, metabolic pathways mediated by insulin and estrogen vary among muscles, specifically between the soleus and extensor digitorum longus. In humans, spaceflight induced changes in insulin and estrogen related genes and pathways. Pathway analysis demonstrated spaceflight induced changes in insulin resistance, estrogen signaling, stress response, and viral infection. These data strongly suggest the need for further research on the metabolic and reproductive endocrinologic effects of space travel, if we are to become a successful interplanetary species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begum Aydogan Mathyk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Marshall Tabetah
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Rashid Karim
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Victoria Zaksas
- Center for Translational Data Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Clever Research Lab, Springfield, IL, 62704, USA
| | - JangKeun Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and World Quant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - R I Anu
- Department of Cancer Biology & Therapeutics, Precision Oncology and Multi-omics clinic, Genetic counseling clinic. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, MVR Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Calicut, India
| | - Masafumi Muratani
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Alexia Tasoula
- Department of Life Science Engineering, FH Technikum, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Yen-Kai Chen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Eliah Overbey
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and World Quant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Jiwoon Park
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and World Quant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Henry Cope
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Hossein Fazelinia
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics and Proteomics Core Facility, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Davide Povero
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Joseph Borg
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Msida, MSD2090, Malta
| | - Remi V Klotz
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven L Young
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christopher E Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and World Quant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Nathaniel Szewczyk
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Riley M St Clair
- Department of Life Sciences, Quest University, Squamish, BC, Canada
| | - Fathi Karouia
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
- Space Research Within Reach, San Francisco, CA, USA; Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Afshin Beheshti
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.
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5
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Huang X, Huang J, Li X, Fan J, Zhou D, Qu HQ, Glessner JT, Ji D, Jia Q, Ding Z, Wang N, Wei W, Lyu X, Li MJ, Liu Z, Liu W, Wei Y, Hakonarson H, Xia Q, Li J. Target genes regulated by CLEC16A intronic region associated with common variable immunodeficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:1668-1680. [PMID: 38191060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CLEC16A intron 19 has been identified as a candidate locus for common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). OBJECTIVES This study sought to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which variants at the CLEC16A intronic locus may contribute to the pathogenesis of CVID. METHODS The investigators performed fine-mapping of the CLEC16A locus in a CVID cohort, then deleted the candidate functional SNP in T-cell lines by the CRISPR-Cas9 technique and conducted RNA-sequencing to identify target gene(s). The interactions between the CLEC16A locus and its target genes were identified using circular chromosome conformation capture. The transcription factor complexes mediating the chromatin interactions were determined by proteomic approach. The molecular pathways regulated by the CLEC16A locus were examined by RNA-sequencing and reverse phase protein array. RESULTS This study showed that the CLEC16A locus is an enhancer regulating expression of multiple target genes including a distant gene ATF7IP2 through chromatin interactions. Distinct transcription factor complexes mediate the chromatin interactions in an allele-specific manner. Disruption of the CLEC16A locus affects the AKT signaling pathway, as well as the molecular response of CD4+ T cells to immune stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Through multiomics and targeted experimental approaches, this study elucidated the underlying target genes and signaling pathways involved in the genetic association of CLEC16A with CVID, and highlighted plausible molecular targets for developing novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubo Huang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinxia Huang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiumei Li
- Department of Cell Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingxian Fan
- Department of Cell Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Desheng Zhou
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Qi Qu
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Joseph T Glessner
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa; Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Dandan Ji
- Department of Cell Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Jia
- International School of Information Science Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Zhiyong Ding
- Mills Institute for Personalized Cancer Care, Fynn Biotechnologies Ltd, Jinan, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Mills Institute for Personalized Cancer Care, Fynn Biotechnologies Ltd, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Lyu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mulin Jun Li
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Tianjin Children's Hospital (Tianjin University Children's Hospital), Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongjie Wei
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa; Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Qianghua Xia
- Department of Cell Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Cell Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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6
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Yang Y, Wang X, Li M, Wang S, Wang H, Chen Q, Lu S. Identification of potential obese-specific biomarkers and pathways associated with abdominal subcutaneous fat deposition in pig using a comprehensive bioinformatics strategy. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17486. [PMID: 38832038 PMCID: PMC11146330 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Abdominal subcutaneous fat deposition (ASFD) is not only related to meat quality in the pig industry but also to human health in medicine. It is of great value to elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms of ASFD. The present study aims to identify obese-specific biomarkers and key pathways correlated with ASFD in pigs. The ASF-related mRNA expression dataset GSE136754 was retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and systematically analyzed using a comprehensive bioinformatics method. A total of 565 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between three obese and three lean pigs, and these DEGs were mainly involved in the p53 signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway and fatty acid metabolism. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, consisting of 540 nodes and 1,065 edges, was constructed, and the top ten genes with the highest degree scores-ABL1, HDAC1, CDC42, HDAC2, MRPS5, MRPS10, MDM2, JUP, RPL7L1 and UQCRFS1-were identified as hub genes in the whole PPI network. Especially HDAC1, MDM2, MRPS10 and RPL7L1 were identified as potential robust obese-specific biomarkers due to their significant differences in single gene expression levels and high ROC area; this was further verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) on abdominal subcutaneous fat samples from obese-type (Saba) and lean-type (Large White) pigs. Additionally, a mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA ceRNA network consisting of four potential biomarkers, 15 miRNAs and 51 lncRNAs was established, and two targeted lncRNAs with more connections, XIST and NEAT1, were identified as potentially important regulatory factors. The findings of this study may provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism involved in ASFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Yang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricuture University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricuture University, Kunming, China
| | - Mingli Li
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricuture University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuyan Wang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricuture University, Kunming, China
| | - Huiyu Wang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricuture University, Kunming, China
- Faculty of Animal Science, Xichang University, Xichang, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricuture University, Kunming, China
| | - Shaoxiong Lu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricuture University, Kunming, China
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7
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Guo Y, Mao W, Bai N, Jin L, Tang S, Lin X, Ni J, Liu X, Fu H, Shou Q. Integrated network pharmacological analysis revealed that Smilax glabra Roxb. alleviates IMQ-induced psoriatic skin inflammation through regulating T cell immune response. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117836. [PMID: 38301985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease characterized by dysfunctional T cells and dysregulated immune responses. Smilax glabra Roxb. (SGR) is a formulation used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for the treatment of inflammatory skin disorders, including psoriasis. This study explores the scientific basis for its use by examining the effects of SGR on T cell differentiation and insulin receptor signaling, relevant pathways implicated in the pathophysiology of psoriasis. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigates the therapeutic potential of SGR (a Chinese medicine) in psoriasis and its impact on T cell differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS An integrated network pharmacology and bioinformatics approach was employed to elucidate the mechanisms of SGR in regulating T cell differentiation. A psoriasis mouse model was utilized to evaluate the effects of SGR on T cell subsets. Immunohistochemistry and gene expression analyses were conducted to investigate the modulation of insulin receptor signaling pathways by SGR. RESULTS SGR treatment effectively reset the expression of various T cell subsets in the psoriasis mouse model, suggesting its ability to regulate T cell differentiation and immune function. Furthermore, SGR treatment inhibited insulin receptor signaling and downstream pathways, including PI3K/AKT and ERK, in psoriatic skin lesions. This indicates that SGR may exert its therapeutic effects through modulation of the insulin receptor signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel insights into the therapeutic potential of SGR in psoriasis. By modulating T cell differentiation and targeting the insulin receptor signaling pathway, SGR holds promise as a potential treatment option for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Guo
- Second Clinical Medical College, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Weiye Mao
- Second Clinical Medical College, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China; Zhezhong Laboratory, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Ningning Bai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Lu Jin
- Second Clinical Medical College, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Shuiyan Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Xiaochen Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Jianyu Ni
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Huiying Fu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.
| | - Qiyang Shou
- Second Clinical Medical College, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China; Zhezhong Laboratory, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.
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8
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Piro A, Cufaro MC, Lanuti P, Brocco D, De Lellis L, Florio R, Pilato S, Pagotto S, De Fabritiis S, Vespa S, Catitti G, Verginelli F, Simeone P, Pieragostino D, Del Boccio P, Fontana A, Grassadonia A, Di Ianni M, Cama A, Veschi S. Exploring the Immunomodulatory Potential of Pancreatic Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles through Proteomic and Functional Analyses. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1795. [PMID: 38791876 PMCID: PMC11120044 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) has a poor prognosis and displays resistance to immunotherapy. A better understanding of tumor-derived extracellular vesicle (EV) effects on immune responses might contribute to improved immunotherapy. EVs derived from Capan-2 and BxPC-3 PC cells isolated by ultracentrifugation were characterized by atomic force microscopy, Western blot (WB), nanoparticle tracking analysis, and label-free proteomics. Fresh PBMCs from healthy donors were treated with PC- or control-derived heterologous EVs, followed by flow cytometry analysis of CD8+ and CD4+ lymphocytes. The proteomics of lymphocytes sorted from EV-treated or untreated PBMCs was performed, and the IFN-γ concentration was measured by ELISA. Notably, most of the proteins identified in Capan-2 and BxPC-3 EVs by the proteomic analysis were connected in a single functional network (p = 1 × 10-16) and were involved in the "Immune System" (FDR: 1.10 × 10-24 and 3.69 × 10-19, respectively). Interestingly, the treatment of healthy donor-derived PBMCs with Capan-2 EVs but not with BxPC-3 EVs or heterologous control EVs induced early activation of CD8+ and CD4+ lymphocytes. The proteomics of lymphocytes sorted from EV-treated PBMCs was consistent with their activation by Capan-2 EVs, indicating IFN-γ among the major upstream regulators, as confirmed by ELISA. The proteomic and functional analyses indicate that PC-EVs have pleiotropic effects, and some may activate early immune responses, which might be relevant for the development of highly needed immunotherapeutic strategies in this immune-cold tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Piro
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.P.)
| | - Maria Concetta Cufaro
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Davide Brocco
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura De Lellis
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.P.)
| | - Rosalba Florio
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.P.)
| | - Serena Pilato
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.P.)
- UdA–TechLab, Research Center, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Sara Pagotto
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Simone De Fabritiis
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Simone Vespa
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giulia Catitti
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Fabio Verginelli
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.P.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Pasquale Simeone
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Damiana Pieragostino
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Odontoiatry, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Piero Del Boccio
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.P.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonella Fontana
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.P.)
- UdA–TechLab, Research Center, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonino Grassadonia
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Odontoiatry, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Ianni
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Hematology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Santo Spirito Hospital, 65124 Pescara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cama
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.P.)
| | - Serena Veschi
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.P.)
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9
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Joshi G, Das A, Verma G, Guchhait P. Viral infection and host immune response in diabetes. IUBMB Life 2024; 76:242-266. [PMID: 38063433 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder disrupting blood sugar regulation, has emerged as a prominent silent pandemic. Uncontrolled diabetes predisposes an individual to develop fatal complications like cardiovascular disorders, kidney damage, and neuropathies and aggravates the severity of treatable infections. Escalating cases of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes correlate with a global upswing in diabetes-linked mortality. As a growing global concern with limited preventive interventions, diabetes necessitates extensive research to mitigate its healthcare burden and assist ailing patients. An altered immune system exacerbated by chronic hyperinflammation heightens the susceptibility of diabetic individuals to microbial infections, including notable viruses like SARS-CoV-2, dengue, and influenza. Given such a scenario, we scrutinized the literature and compiled molecular pathways and signaling cascades related to immune compartments in diabetics that escalate the severity associated with the above-mentioned viral infections in them as compared to healthy individuals. The pathogenesis of these viral infections that trigger diabetes compromises both innate and adaptive immune functions and pre-existing diabetes also leads to heightened disease severity. Lastly, this review succinctly outlines available treatments for diabetics, which may hold promise as preventive or supportive measures to effectively combat these viral infections in the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Joshi
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Anushka Das
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Garima Verma
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Prasenjit Guchhait
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
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10
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Ma S, Ming Y, Wu J, Cui G. Cellular metabolism regulates the differentiation and function of T-cell subsets. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:419-435. [PMID: 38565887 PMCID: PMC11061161 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01148-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
T cells are an important component of adaptive immunity and protect the host from infectious diseases and cancers. However, uncontrolled T cell immunity may cause autoimmune disorders. In both situations, antigen-specific T cells undergo clonal expansion upon the engagement and activation of antigens. Cellular metabolism is reprogrammed to meet the increase in bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands associated with effector T cell expansion. Metabolites not only serve as building blocks or energy sources to fuel cell growth and expansion but also regulate a broad spectrum of cellular signals that instruct the differentiation of multiple T cell subsets. The realm of immunometabolism research is undergoing swift advancements. Encapsulating all the recent progress within this concise review in not possible. Instead, our objective is to provide a succinct introduction to this swiftly progressing research, concentrating on the metabolic intricacies of three pivotal nutrient classes-lipids, glucose, and amino acids-in T cells. We shed light on recent investigations elucidating the roles of these three groups of metabolites in mediating the metabolic and immune functions of T cells. Moreover, we delve into the prospect of "editing" metabolic pathways within T cells using pharmacological or genetic approaches, with the aim of synergizing this approach with existing immunotherapies and enhancing the efficacy of antitumor and antiinfection immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yanan Ming
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jingxia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Guoliang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230601, China.
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11
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Schwartz L, Salamon K, Simoni A, Eichler T, Jackson AR, Murtha M, Becknell B, Kauffman A, Linn-Peirano S, Holdsworth N, Tyagi V, Tang H, Rust S, Cortado H, Zabbarova I, Kanai A, Spencer JD. Insulin receptor signaling engages bladder urothelial defenses that limit urinary tract infection. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114007. [PMID: 38517889 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) commonly afflict people with diabetes. To better understand the mechanisms that predispose diabetics to UTIs, we employ diabetic mouse models and altered insulin signaling to show that insulin receptor (IR) shapes UTI defenses. Our findings are validated in human biosamples. We report that diabetic mice have suppressed IR expression and are more susceptible to UTIs caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Systemic IR inhibition increases UPEC susceptibility, while IR activation reduces UTIs. Localized IR deletion in bladder urothelium promotes UTI by increasing barrier permeability and suppressing antimicrobial peptides. Mechanistically, IR deletion reduces nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-dependent programming that co-regulates urothelial tight junction integrity and antimicrobial peptides. Exfoliated urothelial cells or urine samples from diabetic youths show suppressed expression of IR, barrier genes, and antimicrobial peptides. These observations demonstrate that urothelial insulin signaling has a role in UTI prevention and link IR to urothelial barrier maintenance and antimicrobial peptide expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schwartz
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Kristin Salamon
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Aaron Simoni
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Tad Eichler
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Ashley R Jackson
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Matthew Murtha
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Brian Becknell
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Andrew Kauffman
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Sarah Linn-Peirano
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Natalie Holdsworth
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Vidhi Tyagi
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Hancong Tang
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Steve Rust
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Hanna Cortado
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Irina Zabbarova
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Anthony Kanai
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - John David Spencer
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
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12
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Braga Tibaes JR, Barreto Silva MI, Wollin B, Vine D, Tsai S, Richard C. Sex differences in systemic inflammation and immune function in diet-induced obesity rodent models: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13665. [PMID: 38072656 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Understanding sex differences in immunological responses in the context of obesity is important to improve health outcomes. This systematic review aimed to investigate sex differences in systemic inflammation, immune cell phenotype, and function in diet-induced obesity (DIO) animal models. A systematic search in Medline, Embase, and CINAHL from inception to April 2023 was conducted, using a combination of the following concepts: sex, obesity, cytokines, and immune cell phenotypes/function. Forty-one publications reporting on systemic inflammation (61%), cell phenotype (44%), and/or function (7%) were included. Females had lower systemic inflammation compared with males in response to DIO intervention and a higher proportion of macrophage (M)2-like cells compared with males that had a higher proportion of M1-like in adipose tissue. Although there were no clear sex differences in immune function, high-fat DIO intervention remains an important factor in the development of immune dysfunction in both males and females, including disturbances in cytokine production, proliferation, and migration of immune cells. Yet, the mechanistic links between diet and obesity on such immune dysfunction remain unclear. Future studies should investigate the role of diet and obesity in the functionality of immune cells and employ adequate methods for a high-quality investigation of sex differences in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Ines Barreto Silva
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Applied Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bethany Wollin
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Donna Vine
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sue Tsai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Caroline Richard
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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13
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Zhang X, Gao Y, Tang K, Li Z, Halberstam AA, Zhou L, Perry RJ. Thiazolidinedione enhances the efficacy of anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody in murine melanoma. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E341-E350. [PMID: 38294697 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00346.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Several clinical studies observed a surprising beneficial effect of obesity on enhancing immunotherapy responsiveness in patients with melanoma, highlighting an as-yet insufficiently understood relationship between metabolism and immunogenicity. Here, we demonstrate that the thiazolidinedione (TZD) rosiglitazone, a drug commonly used to treat diabetes by sequestering fatty acids in metabolically inert subcutaneous adipose tissue, improved sensitivity to anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) treatment in YUMMER1.7 tumor-bearing mice, an initially immunotherapy-sensitive murine melanoma model. We observed a transition from high to intermediate PD-1 expression in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Moreover, TZD inhibited PD-1 expression in mouse and human T cells treated in vitro. In addition to its direct impact on immune cells, TZD also decreased circulating insulin concentrations, while insulin induced T cell exhaustion in culture. In TZD-treated mice, we observed higher fatty acid concentrations in the tumor microenvironment, with fatty acids protecting against exhaustion in culture. Together, these data are consistent with an indirect mechanism of TZD inhibiting T cell exhaustion. Finally, we analyzed imaging data from patients with melanoma before and after anti-PD-1 treatment, confirming the beneficial effect of increased subcutaneous fat on anti-PD-1 responsiveness in patients. We also found that the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), the canonical activator of lipid uptake and adipogenesis activated by TZD, correlated with overall survival time. Taken together, these data identify a new adjuvant to enhance immunotherapy efficacy in YUMMER1.7 melanoma mice, and discover a new metabolism-based prognostic marker in human melanoma.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Zhang et al. demonstrate that the diabetes drug rosiglitazone improves the efficacy of immunotherapy in mouse melanoma. This effect is both direct and indirect: TZD directly reduces PD-1 expression in CD8+ T cells (i.e., reduces exhaustion), and indirectly reduces exhaustion by lowering insulin levels and increasing local fat. Finally, they demonstrate that hallmarks of TZD action (such as PPARγ expression and subcutaneous fat content) correlate with improved immunotherapy efficacy in humans with melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhang
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Keyun Tang
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zongyu Li
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Alexandra A Halberstam
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Liqun Zhou
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Rachel J Perry
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
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14
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Pan J, Ye F, Li H, Yu C, Mao J, Xiao Y, Chen H, Wu J, Li J, Fei L, Wu Y, Meng X, Guo G, Wang Y. Dissecting the immune discrepancies in mouse liver allograft tolerance and heart/kidney allograft rejection. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13555. [PMID: 37748771 PMCID: PMC10905343 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is the most tolerogenic of transplanted organs. However, the mechanisms underlying liver transplant tolerance are not well understood. The comparison between liver transplantation tolerance and heart/kidney transplantation rejection will deepen our understanding of tolerance and rejection in solid organs. Here, we built a mouse model of liver, heart and kidney allograft and performed single-cell RNA sequencing of 66,393 cells to describe the cell composition and immune cell interactions at the early stage of tolerance or rejection. We also performed bulk RNA-seq of mouse liver allografts from Day 7 to Day 60 post-transplantation to map the dynamic transcriptional variation in spontaneous tolerance. The transcriptome of lymphocytes and myeloid cells were characterized and compared in three types of organ allografts. Cell-cell interaction networks reveal the coordinated function of Kupffer cells, macrophages and their associated metabolic processes, including insulin receptor signalling and oxidative phosphorylation in tolerance induction. Cd11b+ dendritic cells (DCs) in liver allografts were found to inhibit cytotoxic T cells by secreting anti-inflammatory cytokines such as Il10. In summary, we profiled single-cell transcriptome analysis of mouse solid organ allografts. We characterized the immune microenvironment of mouse organ allografts in the acute rejection state (heart, kidney) and tolerance state (liver).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Pan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Fang Ye
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multiorgan Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Chengxuan Yu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Jiajia Mao
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yanyu Xiao
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Haide Chen
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Junqing Wu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Lijiang Fei
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Yijun Wu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoming Meng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of PharmacyAnhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti‐inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of EducationHefeiChina
| | - Guoji Guo
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineDr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yingying Wang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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15
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Shaikh SR, Beck MA, Alwarawrah Y, MacIver NJ. Emerging mechanisms of obesity-associated immune dysfunction. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:136-148. [PMID: 38129700 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00932-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with a wide range of complications, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Obesity also increases the incidence and progression of cancers, autoimmunity and infections, as well as lowering vaccine responsiveness. A unifying concept across these differing diseases is dysregulated immunity, particularly inflammation, in response to metabolic overload. Herein, we review emerging mechanisms by which obesity drives inflammation and autoimmunity, as well as impairing tumour immunosurveillance and the response to infections. Among these mechanisms are obesity-associated changes in the hormones that regulate immune cell metabolism and function and drive inflammation. The cargo of extracellular vesicles derived from adipose tissue, which controls cytokine secretion from immune cells, is also dysregulated in obesity, in addition to impairments in fatty acid metabolism related to inflammation. Furthermore, an imbalance exists in obesity in the biosynthesis and levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid-derived oxylipins, which control a range of outcomes related to inflammation, such as immune cell chemotaxis and cytokine production. Finally, there is a need to investigate how obesity influences immunity using innovative model systems that account for the heterogeneous nature of obesity in the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Melinda A Beck
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Yazan Alwarawrah
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nancie J MacIver
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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16
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Kiernan K, Alwarawrah Y, Nichols AG, Danzaki K, MacIver NJ. Insulin and IGF-1 have both overlapping and distinct effects on CD4 + T cell mitochondria, metabolism, and function. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4331. [PMID: 38383709 PMCID: PMC10881490 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54836-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) are metabolic hormones with known effects on CD4+ T cells through insulin receptor (IR) and IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling. Here, we describe specific and distinct roles for these hormones and receptors. We have found that IGF-1R, but not IR, expression is increased following CD4+ T cell activation or following differentiation toward Th17 cells. Although both insulin and IGF-1 increase the metabolism of CD4+ T cells, insulin has a more potent effect. However, IGF-1 has a unique role and acts specifically on Th17 cells to increase IL-17 production and Th17 cell metabolism. Furthermore, IGF-1 decreases mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) in Th17 cells, providing a cytoprotective effect. Interestingly, both IR and IGF-1R are required for this effect of IGF-1 on mitochondria, which suggests that the hybrid IR/IGF-1R may be required for mediating the effect of IGF-1 on mitochondrial membrane potential and mROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Kiernan
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yazan Alwarawrah
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amanda G Nichols
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Keiko Danzaki
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nancie J MacIver
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine and Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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17
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Corrêa MSL, Silva EN, Dos Santos TCF, Simielli Fonseca LF, Magalhães AFB, Verardo LL, de Albuquerque LG, Silva DBDS. A network-based approach to understanding gene-biological processes affecting economically important traits of Nelore cattle. Anim Genet 2024; 55:55-65. [PMID: 38112158 DOI: 10.1111/age.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to build gene-biological process networks with differentially expressed genes associated with economically important traits of Nelore cattle from 17 previous studies. The genes were clustered into three groups by evaluated traits: group 1, production traits; group 2, carcass traits; and group 3, meat quality traits. For each group, a gene-biological process network analysis was performed with the differentially expressed genes in common. For production traits, 37 genes were found in common, of which 13 genes were enriched for six Gene Ontology (GO) terms; these terms were not functionally grouped. However, the enriched GO terms were related to homeostasis, the development of muscles and the immune system. For carcass traits, four genes were found in common. Thus, it was not possible to functionally group these genes into a network. For meat quality traits, the analysis revealed 222 genes in common. CSRP3 was the only gene differentially expressed in all three groups. Non-redundant biological terms for clusters of genes were functionally grouped networks, reflecting the cross-talk between all biological processes and genes involved. Many biological processes and pathways related to muscles, the immune system and lipid metabolism were enriched, such as striated muscle cell development and triglyceride metabolic processes. This study provides insights into the genetic mechanisms of production, carcass and meat quality traits of Nelore cattle. This information is fundamental for a better understanding of the complex traits and could help in planning strategies for the production and selection systems of Nelore cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evandro Neves Silva
- Professor Edson Antônio Velano University (UNIFENAS), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thaís Cristina Ferreira Dos Santos
- Professor Edson Antônio Velano University (UNIFENAS), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- National Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Fabrícia Braga Magalhães
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucas Lima Verardo
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucia Galvão de Albuquerque
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielly Beraldo Dos Santos Silva
- Professor Edson Antônio Velano University (UNIFENAS), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Li T, Han B, Wang L, Sun L, Cai Y, Yu M, Xiao W, Yang H. Activation of mucosal insulin receptor exacerbates intestinal inflammation by promoting tissue resident memory T cells differentiation through EZH2. J Transl Med 2024; 22:78. [PMID: 38243324 PMCID: PMC10797971 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04789-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), an autoimmune disease characterised by abnormal intestinal immunity, are related to vital morbidity around the world. However, therapeutic agents for IBD have not achieved desired benefit. Exploring new therapeutic targets for IBD, especially based on its abnormally intestinal immunity, could alleviate the flare-up and worsening of IBD. Tissue resident memory T cells (TRM) are core of multiple autoimmune diseases, including IBD. However, the mechanism of TRM differentiation remains to be investigated. METHODS The alterations in mRNA and lncRNA profile of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), the largest component of intestinal TRM, were analyzed in DSS-induced chronic colitis. Based on it, we examined the function of rectal insulin instillation in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induced chronic colitis. Furthermore, we investigated the downstream-target of the insulin pathway-EZH2 and the crucial role of EZH2 in intestinal tissue resident memory T cell differentiation by utilizing EZH2fl/flCD4cre mice. RESULTS Insulin receptor (INSR) expression was found to be significantly reduced. Activation of mucosal insulin pathway by rectal insulin instillation exacerbated colitis by disrupting IELs subgroups and up-regulating TNF-ɑ and IL-17 expression. Rectal insulin instillation promoted EZH2 expression and EZH2 inhibition alleviated chronic colitis. EZH2fl/flCD4cre mice restored the normal IEL subgroups and suppressed TNF-ɑ and IL-17 expression, exhibiting alleviated colitis. IELs from EZH2fl/flCD4cre mice exhibit significant changes in TRM related phenotype. CD4+TRM was significantly increased in chronic colitis and decreased in EZH2fl/flCD4cre mice. CONCLUSION Insulin receptor of intestinal mucosal T-cells could promote intestinal TRM differentiation via EZH2. Our discoveries suggest that therapies targeting colonic INSR and EZH2 could be potential treatment for IBD based on its regulatory effects on TRM. Insulin receptor inhibitors rather than insulin should be applied during colitis-active phase. In addition, EZH2 shows to be a downstream signal of the insulin pathway and EZH2 inhibitor could alleviating intestinal inflammation. However, the critical role of EZH2 in TRM differentiation restricts the anti-tumor effects of EZH2 inhibitor in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teming Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
- Department of General Surgery, Army 953 Hospital, Shigatse Branch of Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Shigatse, 857000, China
| | - Ben Han
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Liucan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Lihua Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yujiao Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, 401147, China.
| | - Weidong Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, 401147, China.
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19
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Nettelfield S, Yu D, Cañete PF. Systemic immunometabolism and responses to vaccines: insights from T and B cell perspectives. Int Immunol 2023; 35:571-582. [PMID: 37330692 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxad021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination stands as the cornerstone in the battle against infectious diseases, and its efficacy hinges on several host-related factors like genetics, age, and metabolic status. Vulnerable populations, such as malnourished individuals, the obese, and the elderly, commonly exhibit diminished vaccine responses and efficacy. While the specific factors contributing to this impairment may vary, these individuals typically display a degree of metabolic dysregulation, thereby underscoring its potential significance as a fundamental determinant of suboptimal vaccine responses. The emerging field of immunometabolism aims to unravel the intricate interplay between immune regulation and metabolic pathways, and recent research has revealed diverse metabolic signatures linked to various vaccine responses and outcomes. In this review, we summarize the major metabolic pathways utilized by B and T cells during vaccine responses, their complex and varied metabolic requirements, and the impact of micronutrients and metabolic hormones on vaccine outcomes. Furthermore, we examine how systemic metabolism influences vaccine responses and the evidence suggesting that metabolic dysregulation in vulnerable populations can lead to impaired vaccine responses. Lastly, we reflect on the challenge of proving causality with respect to the contribution of metabolic dysregulation to poor vaccine outcomes, and highlight the need for a systems biology approach that combines multimodal profiling and mathematical modelling to reveal the underlying mechanisms of such complex interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Nettelfield
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Di Yu
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Ian Frazer Centre for Children's Immunotherapy Research, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Pablo F Cañete
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Ian Frazer Centre for Children's Immunotherapy Research, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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20
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Li J, Xue C, Yang H, Zhang J, Li G, Li J, Kuang F, Chen J, Zhang S, Gao F, Kou Z, Zhang X, Dong L. Simulated weightlessness induces hippocampal insulin resistance and cognitive impairment. Life Sci 2023; 333:122112. [PMID: 37758017 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence highlights the potential consequences of long-term spaceflight, including gray matter volume reduction and cognitive dysfunction with subclinical manifestations of diabetes mellitus among astronauts, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we found that long-term simulated weightlessness induced hippocampal insulin resistance and subsequent neuronal damage and cognitive impairment in rats. Rats subjected to 4-week tail suspension exhibited peripheral insulin resistance, evidenced by increased fasting blood glucose and abnormal glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance, alongside reduced spontaneous activity and impaired recognition memory. In addition, 4 weeks of simulated weightlessness induced neuronal apoptosis and degeneration in the hippocampus, as evidenced by increased TUNEL and Fluoro-Jade B staining-positive neurons. Mechanistically, insulin-stimulated hippocampal Akt phosphorylation was decreased, while PTEN, the negative regulator of insulin signaling, was increased in the hippocampus in tail-suspended rats. Interestingly, treatment with berberine, an insulin sensitizer, partly reversed the above-mentioned effects induced by simulated weightlessness. These data suggest that long-term simulated weightlessness induces cognitive impairment as well as neuronal apoptosis and neural degeneration, partially through hippocampal insulin resistance via PTEN up-regulation. Berberine treatment attenuates hippocampal insulin resistance and improves cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Li
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Psychology, Air Force Hospital, Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Caiyan Xue
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guohua Li
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jijun Li
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang Kuang
- Department of Neurobiology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenzhen Kou
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Ling Dong
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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21
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Blachman-Braun R, Gurayah AA, Mason MM, Hougen HY, Gonzalgo ML, Nahar B, Punnen S, Parekh DJ, Ritch CR. Incidence and predictors of deep incisional and organ/space surgical site infection following radical cystectomy. Urol Oncol 2023; 41:455.e17-455.e24. [PMID: 37524577 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate clinical risk factors associated with postoperative deep incisional or organ/space surgical site infections (SSI) following radical cystectomy (RC) in a well characterized and large contemporary cohort. METHODS We used the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database to identify adult patients who underwent RC for bladder cancer between 2015 and 2020 (n = 13,081). We conducted multivariable-adjusted logistic regression and Cox adjusted proportional hazards regression analysis to identify clinical predictors of deep incisional or organ/space SSI in the 30-day postoperative-period following RC. RESULTS Deep incisional or organ/space SSI risk increased with continent urinary diversion (HR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.38-1.88; P < 0.001), obesity (HR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.35-1.90; P < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (HR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.13-1.51; P < 0.001), and being functionally dependent before surgery (HR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.44-3.03; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Postoperative deep incisional or organ/space SSIs following RC occur more frequently in patients who were obese, diabetic, functionally dependent before surgery, and those who underwent continent urinary diversion. These findings may assist urologists in preoperative counseling, medical optimization, and choice of urinary diversion approach, as well as improved patient monitoring and identification of candidates for intervention postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Blachman-Braun
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.
| | | | | | - Helen Y Hougen
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Mark L Gonzalgo
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL
| | - Bruno Nahar
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL
| | - Sanoj Punnen
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL
| | - Dipen J Parekh
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL
| | - Chad R Ritch
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL
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22
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Burwitz BJ, Yusova S, Robino JJ, Takahashi D, Luo A, Slayden OD, Bishop CV, Hennebold JD, Roberts CT, Varlamov O. Western-style diet in the presence of elevated circulating testosterone induces adipocyte hypertrophy without proinflammatory responses in rhesus macaques. Am J Reprod Immunol 2023; 90:e13773. [PMID: 37766405 PMCID: PMC10544858 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Anovulatory infertility is commonly associated with hyperandrogenemia (elevated testosterone, T), insulin resistance, obesity, and white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction associated with adipocyte hypertrophy. However, whether hyperandrogenemia and adipocyte hypertrophy per se induce a proinflammatory response is unknown. METHOD OF STUDY Young adult female rhesus macaques were exposed to an obesogenic Western-style diet (WSD) in the presence of elevated circulating testosterone (T+WSD) or a low-fat control diet with no exogenous T. Immune cells residing in visceral omental white adipose tissue (OM-WAT), corpus luteum and the contralateral ovary, endometrium, lymph nodes, bone marrow, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were characterized by flow cytometry during the luteal phase of the reproductive cycle. RESULTS Following one year of treatment, T+WSD animals became more insulin-resistant and exhibited increased body fat and adipocyte hypertrophy compared to controls. T+WSD treatment did not induce macrophage polarization toward a proinflammatory phenotype in the tissues examined. Additionally, T+WSD treatment did not affect TNFα production by bone marrow macrophages in response to toll-like receptor agonists. While the major lymphoid subsets were not significantly affected by T+WSD treatment, we observed a significant reduction in the frequency of effector memory CD8+ T-cells (Tem) in OM-WAT, but not in other tissues. Notably, OM-WAT Tem frequencies were negatively correlated with insulin resistance as assessed by the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). CONCLUSION This study shows that short-term T+WSD treatment induces weight gain, insulin resistance, and adipocyte hypertrophy, but does not have a significant effect on systemic and tissue-resident proinflammatory markers, suggesting that adipocyte hypertrophy and mild hyperandrogenemia alone are not sufficient to induce a proinflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Burwitz
- Divisions of Pathobiology and Immunology
- Divisions of Metabolic Health and Disease
| | | | | | | | - Addie Luo
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center
| | - Ov D. Slayden
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center
| | - Cecily V. Bishop
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Jon D. Hennebold
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center
| | - Charles T. Roberts
- Divisions of Metabolic Health and Disease
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center
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23
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Ivanov SM, Tarasova OA, Poroikov VV. Transcriptome-based analysis of human peripheral blood reveals regulators of immune response in different viral infections. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1199482. [PMID: 37795081 PMCID: PMC10546413 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1199482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There are difficulties in creating direct antiviral drugs for all viruses, including new, suddenly arising infections, such as COVID-19. Therefore, pathogenesis-directed therapy is often necessary to treat severe viral infections and comorbidities associated with them. Despite significant differences in the etiopathogenesis of viral diseases, in general, they are associated with significant dysfunction of the immune system. Study of common mechanisms of immune dysfunction caused by different viral infections can help develop novel therapeutic strategies to combat infections and associated comorbidities. Methods To identify common mechanisms of immune functions disruption during infection by nine different viruses (cytomegalovirus, Ebstein-Barr virus, human T-cell leukemia virus type 1, Hepatitis B and C viruses, human immunodeficiency virus, Dengue virus, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2), we analyzed the corresponding transcription profiles from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using the originally developed pipeline that include transcriptome data collection, processing, normalization, analysis and search for master regulators of several viral infections. The ten datasets containing transcription data from patients infected by nine viruses and healthy people were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus. The analysis of the data was performed by Genome Enhancer pipeline. Results We revealed common pathways, cellular processes, and master regulators for studied viral infections. We found that all nine viral infections cause immune activation, exhaustion, cell proliferation disruption, and increased susceptibility to apoptosis. Using network analysis, we identified PBMC receptors, representing proteins at the top of signaling pathways that may be responsible for the observed transcriptional changes and maintain the current functional state of cells. Discussion The identified relationships between some of them and virus-induced alteration of immune functions are new and have not been found earlier, e.g., receptors for autocrine motility factor, insulin, prolactin, angiotensin II, and immunoglobulin epsilon. Modulation of the identified receptors can be investigated as one of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of severe viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey M. Ivanov
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Bioinformatics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga A. Tarasova
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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24
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Khan S, Chakraborty M, Wu F, Chen N, Wang T, Chan YT, Sayad A, Vásquez JDS, Kotlyar M, Nguyen K, Huang Y, Alibhai FJ, Woo M, Li RK, Husain M, Jurisica I, Gehring AJ, Ohashi PS, Furman D, Tsai S, Winer S, Winer DA. B Cells Promote T Cell Immunosenescence and Mammalian Aging Parameters. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.12.556363. [PMID: 38529494 PMCID: PMC10962733 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.12.556363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
A dysregulated adaptive immune system is a key feature of aging, and is associated with age-related chronic diseases and mortality. Most notably, aging is linked to a loss in the diversity of the T cell repertoire and expansion of activated inflammatory age-related T cell subsets, though the main drivers of these processes are largely unknown. Here, we find that T cell aging is directly influenced by B cells. Using multiple models of B cell manipulation and single-cell omics, we find B cells to be a major cell type that is largely responsible for the age-related reduction of naive T cells, their associated differentiation towards pathogenic immunosenescent T cell subsets, and for the clonal restriction of their T cell receptor (TCR). Accordingly, we find that these pathogenic shifts can be therapeutically targeted via CD20 monoclonal antibody treatment. Mechanistically, we uncover a new role for insulin receptor signaling in influencing age-related B cell pathogenicity that in turn induces T cell dysfunction and a decline in healthspan parameters. These results establish B cells as a pivotal force contributing to age-associated adaptive immune dysfunction and healthspan outcomes, and suggest new modalities to manage aging and related multi-morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Khan
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Mainak Chakraborty
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Fei Wu
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Nan Chen
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Yi Tao Chan
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Azin Sayad
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Juan Diego Sánchez Vásquez
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Max Kotlyar
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, and Data Science Discovery Centre for Chronic Diseases, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Khiem Nguyen
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Yingxiang Huang
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Faisal J. Alibhai
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Minna Woo
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ren-Ke Li
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON M5G IL7, Canada
| | - Mansoor Husain
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, and Data Science Discovery Centre for Chronic Diseases, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Computer Science, and Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, ON M5S 2E4, Canada
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Adam J. Gehring
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto Center for Liver Disease & Schwartz Reisman Liver Research Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pamela S. Ohashi
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - David Furman
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Sue Tsai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2RS, Canada
| | - Shawn Winer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Daniel A. Winer
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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25
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Mallu ACT, Sivagurunathan S, Paul D, Aggarwal H, Nathan AA, Manikandan A, Ravi MM, Boppana R, Jagavelu K, Santra MK, Dixit M. Feeding enhances fibronectin adherence of quiescent lymphocytes through non-canonical insulin signalling. Immunology 2023; 170:60-82. [PMID: 37185810 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional availability during fasting and refeeding affects the temporal redistribution of lymphoid and myeloid immune cells among the circulating and tissue-resident pools. Conversely, nutritional imbalance and impaired glucose metabolism are associated with chronic inflammation, aberrant immunity and anomalous leukocyte trafficking. Despite being exposed to periodic alterations in blood insulin levels upon fasting and feeding, studies exploring the physiological effects of these hormonal changes on quiescent immune cell function and trafficking are scanty. Here, we report that oral glucose load in mice and healthy men enhances the adherence of circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and lymphocytes to fibronectin. Adherence to fibronectin is also observed upon regular intake of breakfast following overnight fasting in healthy subjects. This glucose load-induced phenomenon is abrogated in streptozotocin-injected mice that lack insulin. Intra-vital microscopy in mice demonstrated that oral glucose feeding enhances the homing of PBMCs to injured blood vessels in vivo. Furthermore, employing flow cytometry, Western blotting and adhesion assays for PBMCs and Jurkat-T cells, we elucidate that insulin enhances fibronectin adherence of quiescent lymphocytes through non-canonical signalling involving insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) autophosphorylation, phospholipase C gamma-1 (PLCγ-1) Tyr783 phosphorylation and inside-out activation of β-integrins respectively. Our findings uncover the physiological relevance of post-prandial insulin spikes in regulating the adherence and trafficking of circulating quiescent T-cells through fibronectin-integrin interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhiram Charan Tej Mallu
- Centre of Excellence (CoE) in Molecular Medicine, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Sivapriya Sivagurunathan
- Centre of Excellence (CoE) in Molecular Medicine, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Debasish Paul
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Hobby Aggarwal
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Abel Arul Nathan
- Centre of Excellence (CoE) in Molecular Medicine, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Amrutha Manikandan
- Centre of Excellence (CoE) in Molecular Medicine, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Mahalakshmi M Ravi
- Institute Hospital, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Ramanamurthy Boppana
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | | | - Manas Kumar Santra
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Madhulika Dixit
- Centre of Excellence (CoE) in Molecular Medicine, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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26
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Zhong X, Lv M, Ma M, Huang Q, Hu R, Li J, Yi J, Sun J, Zhou X. State of CD8 + T cells in progression from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma: From pathogenesis to immunotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115131. [PMID: 37429231 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
With the obesity epidemic, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is emerging as the fastest growing potential cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NASH has been demonstrated to establish a tumor-prone liver microenvironment where both innate and adaptive immune systems are involved. As the most typical anti-tumor effector, the cell function of CD8+ T cells is remodeled by chronic inflammation, metabolic alteration, lipid toxicity and oxidative stress in the liver microenvironment along the NASH to HCC transition. Unexpectedly, NASH may blunt the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy against HCC due to the dysregulated CD8+ T cells. Growing evidence has supported that NASH is likely to facilitate the state transition of CD8+ T cells with changes in cell motility, effector function, metabolic reprogramming and gene transcription according to single-cell sequencing. However, the mechanistic insight of CD8+ T cell states in the NASH-driven HCC is not comprehensive. Herein, we focus on the characterization of state phenotypes of CD8+ T cells with both functional and metabolic signatures in NASH-driven fibrosis and HCC. The NASH-specific CD8+ T cells are speculated to mainly have a dualist effect, where its aberrant activated phenotype sustains chronic inflammation in NASH but subsequently triggers its exhaustion in HCC. As the exploration of CD8+ T cells on the distribution and phenotypic shifts will provide a new direction for the intervention strategies against HCC, we also discuss the implications for targeting different phenotypes of CD8+ T cells, shedding light on the personalized immunotherapy for NASH-driven HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhong
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Liver Disease, the fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Minling Lv
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Liver Disease, the fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - MengQing Ma
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Liver Disease, the fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Liver Disease, the fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Liver Disease, the fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Liver Disease, the fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinyu Yi
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Liver Disease, the fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jialing Sun
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Liver Disease, the fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaozhou Zhou
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Liver Disease, the fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Talamantes S, Lisjak M, Gilglioni EH, Llamoza-Torres CJ, Ramos-Molina B, Gurzov EN. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes mellitus as growing aetiologies of hepatocellular carcinoma. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100811. [PMID: 37575883 PMCID: PMC10413159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related complications such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are well-established risk factors for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This review provides insights into the molecular mechanisms that underlie the role of steatosis, hyperinsulinemia and hepatic inflammation in HCC development and progression. We focus on recent findings linking intracellular pathways and transcription factors that can trigger the reprogramming of hepatic cells. In addition, we highlight the role of enzymes in dysregulated metabolic activity and consequent dysfunctional signalling. Finally, we discuss the potential uses and challenges of novel therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat NAFLD/T2D-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Talamantes
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, Brussels, 1070, Belgium
| | - Michela Lisjak
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, Brussels, 1070, Belgium
| | - Eduardo H. Gilglioni
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, Brussels, 1070, Belgium
| | - Camilo J. Llamoza-Torres
- Department of Hepatology, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, 30120, Spain
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, 30120, Spain
| | - Bruno Ramos-Molina
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, 30120, Spain
| | - Esteban N. Gurzov
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, Brussels, 1070, Belgium
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, 30120, Spain
- WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Avenue Pasteur 6, Wavre, 1300, Belgium
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28
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Baechle JJ, Chen N, Makhijani P, Winer S, Furman D, Winer DA. Chronic inflammation and the hallmarks of aging. Mol Metab 2023; 74:101755. [PMID: 37329949 PMCID: PMC10359950 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the hallmarks of aging were updated to include dysbiosis, disabled macroautophagy, and chronic inflammation. In particular, the low-grade chronic inflammation during aging, without overt infection, is defined as "inflammaging," which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in the aging population. Emerging evidence suggests a bidirectional and cyclical relationship between chronic inflammation and the development of age-related conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, cancer, and frailty. How the crosstalk between chronic inflammation and other hallmarks of aging underlies biological mechanisms of aging and age-related disease is thus of particular interest to the current geroscience research. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review integrates the cellular and molecular mechanisms of age-associated chronic inflammation with the other eleven hallmarks of aging. Extra discussion is dedicated to the hallmark of "altered nutrient sensing," given the scope of Molecular Metabolism. The deregulation of hallmark processes during aging disrupts the delicate balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signaling, leading to a persistent inflammatory state. The resultant chronic inflammation, in turn, further aggravates the dysfunction of each hallmark, thereby driving the progression of aging and age-related diseases. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The crosstalk between chronic inflammation and other hallmarks of aging results in a vicious cycle that exacerbates the decline in cellular functions and promotes aging. Understanding this complex interplay will provide new insights into the mechanisms of aging and the development of potential anti-aging interventions. Given their interconnectedness and ability to accentuate the primary elements of aging, drivers of chronic inflammation may be an ideal target with high translational potential to address the pathological conditions associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan J Baechle
- Buck Artificial Intelligence Platform, the Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Priya Makhijani
- Buck Artificial Intelligence Platform, the Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shawn Winer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Furman
- Buck Artificial Intelligence Platform, the Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA; Stanford 1000 Immunomes Project, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), Universidad Austral, CONICET, Pilar, Argentina.
| | - Daniel A Winer
- Buck Artificial Intelligence Platform, the Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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29
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Parihar A, Malviya S, Khan R, Kaushik A, Mostafavi E. COVID-19 associated thyroid dysfunction and other comorbidities and its management using phytochemical-based therapeutics: a natural way. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20230293. [PMID: 37212057 PMCID: PMC10372472 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20230293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The present severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2) mediated Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) and post-COVID-19 complications affect human life drastically. Patients who have been cured of COVID-19 infection are now experiencing post-COVID-19 associated comorbidities, which have increased mortality rates. The SARS-CoV-2 infection distresses the lungs, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and various endocrine glands, including the thyroid. The emergence of variants which includes Omicron (B.1.1.529) and its lineages threaten the world severely. Among different therapeutic approaches, phytochemical-based therapeutics are not only cost-effective but also have lesser side effects. Recently a plethora of studies have shown the therapeutic efficacy of various phytochemicals for the treatment of COVID-19. Besides this, various phytochemicals have been found efficacious in treating several inflammatory diseases, including thyroid-related anomalies. The method of the phytochemical formulation is quick and facile and the raw materials for such herbal preparations are approved worldwide for human use against certain disease conditions. Owing to the advantages of phytochemicals, this review primarily discusses the COVID-19-related thyroid dysfunction and the role of key phytochemicals to deal with thyroid anomaly and post-COVID-19 complications. Further, this review shed light on the mechanism via which COVID-19 and its related complication affect organ function of the body, along with the mechanistic insight into the way by which phytochemicals could help to cure post-COVID-19 complications in thyroid patients. Considering the advantages offered by phytochemicals as a safer and cost-effective medication they can be potentially used to combat COVID-19-associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Parihar
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, MP, India
| | - Shivani Malviya
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah University, Habib Ganj, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462026, India
| | - Raju Khan
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, MP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL 33805, U.S.A
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, U.S.A
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, U.S.A
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30
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Ajie M, van Heck JIP, Janssen AWM, Meijer RI, Tack CJ, Stienstra R. Disease Duration and Chronic Complications Associate With Immune Activation in Individuals With Longstanding Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:1909-1920. [PMID: 36800223 PMCID: PMC10348469 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with alterations of the immune response which persist even after the autoimmunity aspect is resolved. Clinical factors that cause dysregulation, however, are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE To identify clinical factors that affect immune dysregulation in people with longstanding T1D. DESIGN In this cross-sectional study, 243 participants with longstanding T1D were recruited between February 2016 and June 2017 at the Radboudumc, the Netherlands. Blood was drawn to determine immune cell phenotype and functionality, as well as circulating inflammatory proteome. Multivariate linear regression was used to determine the association between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, duration of diabetes, insulin need, and diabetes complications with inflammation. RESULTS HbA1c level is positively associated with circulating inflammatory markers (P < .05), but not with immune cell number and phenotype. Diabetes duration is associated with increased number of circulating immune cells (P < .05), inflammatory proteome (P < .05), and negatively associated with adaptive immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Rhizopus oryzae (P < .05). Diabetes nephropathy is associated with increased circulating immune cells (P < .05) and inflammatory markers (P < .05). CONCLUSION Disease duration and chronic complications associate with persistent alterations in the immune response of individuals with long standing T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandala Ajie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Julia I P van Heck
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna W M Janssen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rick I Meijer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cees J Tack
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rinke Stienstra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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31
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Jia S, Li X, Du Q. Host insulin resistance caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis-review of recent progresses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1209381. [PMID: 37520442 PMCID: PMC10373507 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1209381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is a Gram-negative oral anaerobic bacterium that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. P. gingivalis expresses a variety of virulence factors that disrupt innate and adaptive immunity, allowing P. gingivalis to survive and multiply in the host and destroy periodontal tissue. In addition to periodontal disease, P.gingivalis is also associated with systemic diseases, of which insulin resistance is an important pathological basis. P. gingivalis causes a systemic inflammatory response, disrupts insulin signaling pathways, induces pancreatic β-cell hypofunction and reduced numbers, and causes decreased insulin sensitivity leading to insulin resistance (IR). In this paper, we systematically review the studies on the mechanism of insulin resistance induced by P. gingivalis, discuss the association between P. gingivalis and systemic diseases based on insulin resistance, and finally propose relevant therapeutic approaches. Overall, through a systematic review of the mechanisms related to systemic diseases caused by P. gingivalis through insulin resistance, we hope to provide new insights for future basic research and clinical interventions for related systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Du
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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32
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DeBerge M, Chaudhary R, Schroth S, Thorp EB. Immunometabolism at the Heart of Cardiovascular Disease. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2023; 8:884-904. [PMID: 37547069 PMCID: PMC10401297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Immune cell function among the myocardium, now more than ever, is appreciated to regulate cardiac function and pathophysiology. This is the case for both innate immunity, which includes neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages, as well as adaptive immunity, which includes T cells and B cells. This function is fueled by cell-intrinsic shifts in metabolism, such as glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, as well as metabolite availability, which originates from the surrounding extracellular milieu and varies during ischemia and metabolic syndrome. Immune cell crosstalk with cardiac parenchymal cells, such as cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts, is also regulated by complex cellular metabolic circuits. Although our understanding of immunometabolism has advanced rapidly over the past decade, in part through valuable insights made in cultured cells, there remains much to learn about contributions of in vivo immunometabolism and directly within the myocardium. Insight into such fundamental cell and molecular mechanisms holds potential to inform interventions that shift the balance of immunometabolism from maladaptive to cardioprotective and potentially even regenerative. Herein, we review our current working understanding of immunometabolism, specifically in the settings of sterile ischemic cardiac injury or cardiometabolic disease, both of which contribute to the onset of heart failure. We also discuss current gaps in knowledge in this context and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Edward B. Thorp
- Address for correspondence: Dr Edward B. Thorp, Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue Ward 4-116, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
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33
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Song W, Wen J, Zhang J, Luo M, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Fan G, Zhao L. Short-Term Effect of Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion and Multiple Daily Injection in Perioperative Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2023; 2023:8542262. [PMID: 37396491 PMCID: PMC10313463 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8542262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperglycemia is common and difficult to control in perioperative patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which impacts their prognosis after operation. Our study investigated the short-term effect of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and multiple daily injection (MDI) in perioperative T2DM patients using the data envelopment analysis (DEA). Methods T2DM patients (n = 639) who underwent surgeries in Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2009.01-2017.12) were included. Insulin was provided to each patient during the study and separated into a CSII group (n = 369) and an MDI group (n = 270). DEA was performed to compare the therapeutic indexes and investigate the short-term effect of the CSII group and MDI group. Results Scale efficiencies of the CSII group with CCR model and BCC model were better than that of the MDI group. Regarding slack variables, with higher surgical levels, the CSII group was closer to the ideal state than the MDI group, which indicated in improving the average fasting blood glucose (AFBG), antibiotic use days (AUD), preoperative blood glucose control time (PBGCT), first postoperative day fasting blood glucose (FPDFBG), and postoperative hospitalization days (PHD). Conclusion CSII could effectively control blood glucose levels and shorten perioperative hospitalizing time for T2DM patients, indicating that CSII was beneficial in perioperative period and should be promoted clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510210 Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianxuan Wen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510210 Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510210 Guangdong Province, China
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Huizhou Hospital of Guangzhou, University of Chinese Medicine, Huizhou, 516000 Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Second Clinical College of Guangzhou, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Second Clinical College of Guangzhou, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guanjie Fan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510210 Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510210 Guangdong Province, China
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34
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Abstract
The insulin receptor (IR) is a type II receptor tyrosine kinase that plays essential roles in metabolism, growth, and proliferation. Dysregulation of IR signaling is linked to many human diseases, such as diabetes and cancers. The resolution revolution in cryo-electron microscopy has led to the determination of several structures of IR with different numbers of bound insulin molecules in recent years, which have tremendously improved our understanding of how IR is activated by insulin. Here, we review the insulin-induced activation mechanism of IR, including (a) the detailed binding modes and functions of insulin at site 1 and site 2 and (b) the insulin-induced structural transitions that are required for IR activation. We highlight several other key aspects of the activation and regulation of IR signaling and discuss the remaining gaps in our understanding of the IR activation mechanism and potential avenues of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhee Choi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA;
| | - Xiao-Chen Bai
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA;
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Vittal A, Abdul Majeed N, Garabedian E, Marko J, Kleiner DE, Sokolic R, Candotti F, Malech H, Heller T, Koh C. Severe combined immunodeficiency: improved survival leading to detection of underlying liver disease. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:166. [PMID: 37208598 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02782-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine deaminase deficiency (ADA) is an autosomal recessive disorder leading to severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). It is characterized patho-physiologically by intracellular accumulation of toxic products affecting lymphocytes. Other organ systems are known to be affected causing non-immune abnormalities. We aimed to conduct a cross sectional study to describe liver disease in autosomal recessive ADA-SCID. METHODS Single center retrospective analysis of genetically confirmed autosomal recessive ADA-SCID was performed. Liver disease was defined as ≥1.5x the gender specific upper limit of normal (ULN; 33 IU/L for males and 25 IU/L for females) alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or moderate and severe increase in liver echogenicity on ultrasound. RESULTS The cohort included 18 patients with 11 males. The median age was 11.5 (3.5-30.0 years) and median BMI percentile was 75.5 [36.75, 89.5]. All patients received enzyme replacement therapy at the time of evaluation. Seven (38%) and five (27%) patients had gene therapy (GT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) in the past. Five patients had 1.5x ALT level more than 1.5x the U. Liver echogenicity was mild in 6 (33%), moderate in 2 (11%) and severe in 2 (11%) patients. All patients had normal Fibrosis-4 Index and Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis biomarker scores indicating absence of advanced fibrosis in our cohort. Of 5 patients who had liver biopsies, steatohepatitis was noted in 3 patients (NAS score of 3,3,4). DISCUSSION Non-immunologic manifestations of ADA-SCID have become more apparent in recent years as survival improved. We concluded that steatosis is the most common finding noted in our ADA-SCID cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Vittal
- Clinical Research Section, Liver Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nehna Abdul Majeed
- Clinical Research Section, Liver Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Jamie Marko
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Rob Sokolic
- Translational Hepatology Section, Liver Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- IQVIA Biotech, Sharon, MA, MD, USA
| | - Fabio Candotti
- Translational Hepatology Section, Liver Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harry Malech
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Theo Heller
- Translational Hepatology Section, Liver Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Christopher Koh
- Clinical Research Section, Liver Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Translational Hepatology Section, Liver Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Melis MJ, Miller M, Peters VBM, Singer M. The role of hormones in sepsis: an integrated overview with a focus on mitochondrial and immune cell dysfunction. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:707-725. [PMID: 37144447 PMCID: PMC10167421 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a dysregulated host response to infection that results in life-threatening organ dysfunction. Virtually every body system can be affected by this syndrome to greater or lesser extents. Gene transcription and downstream pathways are either up- or downregulated, albeit with considerable fluctuation over the course of the patient's illness. This multi-system complexity contributes to a pathophysiology that remains to be fully elucidated. Consequentially, little progress has been made to date in developing new outcome-improving therapeutics. Endocrine alterations are well characterised in sepsis with variations in circulating blood levels and/or receptor resistance. However, little attention has been paid to an integrated view of how these hormonal changes impact upon the development of organ dysfunction and recovery. Here, we present a narrative review describing the impact of the altered endocrine system on mitochondrial dysfunction and immune suppression, two interlinked and key aspects of sepsis pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda J Melis
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Muska Miller
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vera B M Peters
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mervyn Singer
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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Lin P, Xu M, Yang Q, Chen M, Guo S. Inoculation of Freund's adjuvant in European eel (Anguilla anguilla) revealed key KEGG pathways and DEGs of host anti-Edwardsiella anguillarum infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 136:108708. [PMID: 36997037 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Freund's complete (FCA) and incomplete adjuvants (FIA), generally applied in subunit fishery vaccine, have not been explored on the molecular mechanism of the nonspecific immune enhancement. In this study, we examined the RNA-seq in the spleen of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) inoculated with FCA and FIA (FCIA group) to elucidate the key KEGG pathways and differential expressed genes (DEGs) in the process of Edwardsiella anguillarum infection and A. anguilla anti-E. anguillarum infection using genome-wide transcriptome. After eels were challenged by E. anguillarum at 28 d post the first inoculation (dpi), compared to the control uninfected eels (Con group), the control infected eels (Con_inf group) showed severe pathological changes in the liver, kidney and spleen, although infected eels post the inoculation of FCIA (FCIA_inf group) also formed slight bleeding. Compared to the FCIA_inf group, there was more than 10 times colony forming unit (cfu) in the Con_inf group per 100 μg spleen, kidney or blood, and the relative percent survival (RPS) of eels was 44.4% in FCIA_inf vs Con_inf. Compared to the Con group, the SOD activity in the FCIA group increased significantly in the liver and spleen. Using high-throughput transcriptomics, DEGs were identified and 29 genes were verified using fluorescence real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The result of DEGs clustering showed 9 samples in 3 groups of Con, FCIA and FCIA_inf were similar, contrast to distinct differences of 3 samples in the Con_inf group. We found 3795 up and 3548 down regulated DEGs in the compare of FCIA_inf vs Con_inf, of which 5 enriched KEGG pathways of "Lysosome", "Autophagy", "Apoptosis", "C-type lectin receptor signaling" and "Insulin signaling" were ascertained, and 26 of 30 top GO terms in the compare were significantly enriched. Finally, protein-protein interactions between the DEGs of the 5 KEGG pathways and other DEGs were explored using Cytoscape 3.9.1. The compare of FCIA_inf vs Con_inf showed 110 DEGs from the 5 pathways and 718 DEGs from other pathways formed total of 9747° in a network, of which 9 hub DEGs play vital roles in anti-infection or apoptosis. Together, the interaction networks revealed that 9 DEGs involved in the 5 pathways underlies the key process of A. anguilla anti-E. anguillarum infection or host cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lin
- Fisheries College, Jimei University /Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel, Ministry of Education of PRC, Xiamen, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xiamen, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Fisheries College, Jimei University /Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel, Ministry of Education of PRC, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiuhua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen, China
| | - Minxia Chen
- Fisheries College, Jimei University /Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel, Ministry of Education of PRC, Xiamen, China
| | - Songlin Guo
- Fisheries College, Jimei University /Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel, Ministry of Education of PRC, Xiamen, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xiamen, China.
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Sukhikh S, Babich O, Prosekov A, Kalashnikova O, Noskova S, Bakhtiyarova A, Krol O, Tsvetkova E, Ivanova S. Antidiabetic Properties of Plant Secondary Metabolites. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040513. [PMID: 37110171 PMCID: PMC10144365 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is one of the major medical problems that the modern world is currently facing. Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus both result in early disability and death, as well as serious social and financial problems. In some cases, synthetic drugs can be quite effective in the treatment of diabetes, though they have side effects. Plant-derived pharmacological substances are of particular interest. This review aims to study the antidiabetic properties of secondary plant metabolites. Existing review and research articles on the investigation of the antidiabetic properties of secondary plant metabolites, the methods of their isolation, and their use in diabetes mellitus, as well as separate articles that confirm the relevance of the topic and expand the understanding of the properties and mechanisms of action of plant metabolites, were analyzed for this review. The structure and properties of plants used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, including plant antioxidants, polysaccharides, alkaloids, and insulin-like plant substances, as well as their antidiabetic properties and mechanisms for lowering blood sugar, are presented. The main advantages and disadvantages of using phytocomponents to treat diabetes are outlined. The types of complications of diabetes mellitus and the effects of medicinal plants and their phytocomponents on them are described. The effects of phytopreparations used to treat diabetes mellitus on the human gut microbiota are discussed. Plants with a general tonic effect, plants containing insulin-like substances, plants-purifiers, and plants rich in vitamins, organic acids, etc. have been shown to play an important role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the prevention of its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Sukhikh
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Olga Babich
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Alexander Prosekov
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street 6, 650043 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Olga Kalashnikova
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Svetlana Noskova
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Alina Bakhtiyarova
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Olesia Krol
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Elena Tsvetkova
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Department of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana Ivanova
- Natural Nutraceutical Biotesting Laboratory, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street 6, 650043 Kemerovo, Russia
- Department of TNSMD Theory and Methods, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street 6, 650043 Kemerovo, Russia
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Ruiz-Pacheco JA, Castillo-Díaz LA, Arreola-Torres R, Fonseca-Coronado S, Gómez-Navarro B. Diabetes mellitus: Lessons from COVID-19 for monkeypox infection. Prim Care Diabetes 2023; 17:113-118. [PMID: 36737358 PMCID: PMC9884624 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is known to be linked to malfunctioning antiviral defense; however, its association with the severity of monkeypox is poorly understood. In this review, we discuss key immunological mechanisms in the antiviral response affected by poor glucose control that could impact the susceptibility and severity of monkeypox infection, leading to a heightened emphasis on the use of the available antidiabetic drugs. METHODS We searched PubMed and Google scholar for articles published from January 1985 to August 2022. No criteria for publication data were set, and all articles in English were included. RESULTS Currently, there are no studies about the risk or consequences of monkeypox infection in the diabetic population. A high incidence of diabetes is reported in countries such as China, India, Pakistan, EUA, Indonesia, Brazil, Mexico, Bangladesh, Japan, and Egypt, where unfortunately imported cases of monkeypox have been reported and the infection continues to spread. CONCLUSIONS High incidence of diabetes together with the cessation of smallpox vaccination has left large numbers of the human population unprotected against monkeypox. The best option for the population remains confined to the prevention of infection as well as the use of hypoglycemic agents that have also been shown to improve immune mechanisms associated with viral protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Ruiz-Pacheco
- Investigador por México-CONACYT, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
| | - L A Castillo-Díaz
- Departamento de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, México
| | - R Arreola-Torres
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - S Fonseca-Coronado
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Estado de México, México
| | - B Gómez-Navarro
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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Pari B, Gallucci M, Ghigo A, Brizzi MF. Insight on Infections in Diabetic Setting. Biomedicines 2023; 11:971. [PMID: 36979949 PMCID: PMC10046483 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The correlation between diabetes mellitus and infectious diseases is widely recognized. DM patients are characterized by the impaired function of the immune system. This translates into the occurrence of a variety of infections, including urinary tract, skin and surgical site infections, pneumonia, tuberculosis, and, more recently, SARS-CoV-2. Hyperglycemia has been identified as a relevant factor contributing to unfavorable outcomes in hospitalized patients including SARS-CoV-2 patients. Several studies have been performed proving that to maintain the proper and stringent monitoring of glycemia, a balanced diet and physical activity is mandatory to reduce the risk of infections and their associated complications. This review is focused on the mechanisms accounting for the increased susceptibility of DM patients to infections, with particular attention to the impact of newly introduced hypoglycemic drugs in sepsis management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Felice Brizzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy
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Makhijani P, Basso PJ, Chan YT, Chen N, Baechle J, Khan S, Furman D, Tsai S, Winer DA. Regulation of the immune system by the insulin receptor in health and disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1128622. [PMID: 36992811 PMCID: PMC10040865 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1128622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The signaling pathways downstream of the insulin receptor (InsR) are some of the most evolutionarily conserved pathways that regulate organism longevity and metabolism. InsR signaling is well characterized in metabolic tissues, such as liver, muscle, and fat, actively orchestrating cellular processes, including growth, survival, and nutrient metabolism. However, cells of the immune system also express the InsR and downstream signaling machinery, and there is increasing appreciation for the involvement of InsR signaling in shaping the immune response. Here, we summarize current understanding of InsR signaling pathways in different immune cell subsets and their impact on cellular metabolism, differentiation, and effector versus regulatory function. We also discuss mechanistic links between altered InsR signaling and immune dysfunction in various disease settings and conditions, with a focus on age related conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, cancer and infection vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Makhijani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Buck Institute for Research in Aging, Novato, CA, United States
| | - Paulo José Basso
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yi Tao Chan
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nan Chen
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jordan Baechle
- Buck Institute for Research in Aging, Novato, CA, United States
- Buck Artificial Intelligence Platform, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
| | - Saad Khan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Furman
- Buck Institute for Research in Aging, Novato, CA, United States
- Buck Artificial Intelligence Platform, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
- Stanford 1, 000 Immunomes Project, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), Universidad Austral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Pilar, Argentina
| | - Sue Tsai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel A. Winer
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Buck Institute for Research in Aging, Novato, CA, United States
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Buck Artificial Intelligence Platform, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Ruggieri L, Moretti A, Berardi R, Cona MS, Dalu D, Villa C, Chizzoniti D, Piva S, Gambaro A, La Verde N. Host-Related Factors in the Interplay among Inflammation, Immunity and Dormancy in Breast Cancer Recurrence and Prognosis: An Overview for Clinicians. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054974. [PMID: 36902406 PMCID: PMC10002538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of patients treated for early breast cancer develop medium-term and late distant recurrence. The delayed manifestation of metastatic disease is defined as "dormancy". This model describes the aspects of the clinical latency of isolated metastatic cancer cells. Dormancy is regulated by extremely complex interactions between disseminated cancer cells and the microenvironment where they reside, the latter in turn influenced directly by the host. Among these entangled mechanisms, inflammation and immunity may play leading roles. This review is divided into two parts: the first describes the biological underpinnings of cancer dormancy and the role of the immune response, in particular, for breast cancer; the second provides an overview of the host-related factors that may influence systemic inflammation and immune response, subsequently impacting the dynamics of breast cancer dormancy. The aim of this review is to provide physicians and medical oncologists a useful tool to understand the clinical implications of this relevant topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Ruggieri
- Medical Oncology Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Via G.B. Grassi, n° 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Moretti
- Medical Oncology Unit, S. Carlo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20153 Milan, Italy
| | - Rossana Berardi
- Department of Oncology, Università Politecnica delle Marche—AOU delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Silvia Cona
- Medical Oncology Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Via G.B. Grassi, n° 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Dalu
- Medical Oncology Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Via G.B. Grassi, n° 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Villa
- Medical Oncology Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Via G.B. Grassi, n° 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Chizzoniti
- Medical Oncology Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Via G.B. Grassi, n° 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Sheila Piva
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Gambaro
- Medical Oncology Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Via G.B. Grassi, n° 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicla La Verde
- Medical Oncology Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Via G.B. Grassi, n° 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-3904-2492
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Preweaning Nutrition and Its Effects on the Growth, Immune Competence and Metabolic Characteristics of the Dairy Calf. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050829. [PMID: 36899685 PMCID: PMC10000027 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Feeding increased volumes of milk in the preweaning phase has been shown to improve growth, morbidity and mortality rates in calves (Bos Taurus). This experiment enlisted 20 Holstein-Friesian dairy replacement calves from birth until weaning (at 10 weeks of age) and assessed the effect of feeding either 4 L (Low) or 8 L (High) of milk per calf per day on their growth, immune competence and metabolic characteristics. The responsiveness of these systems was compared through a vaccination immune challenge. Calves in the High treatment group were significantly heavier from two weeks of age and were 19 kg heavier than calves in the Low treatment group at weaning. Calves in the High treatment group also exhibited greater immune responses, with significantly higher white cell counts and neutrophil counts than calves in the Low treatment group post-vaccination. Calves in the High treatment group also had lower beta-hydroxybutyrate both pre- and post-vaccination, and higher glucose and insulin levels post-vaccination, indicating superior metabolic characteristics. Calves had ad libitum access to lucerne hay (Medicago sativa) and a commercial concentrate. Solid feed intakes were mostly the same between treatments, with differences in hay intake only detected at 7 and 8 weeks of age. Results from this experiment are indicative of a positive influence of accelerated preweaning nutrition on growth, immune response and metabolic characteristics.
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Bretin A, Zou J, San Yeoh B, Ngo VL, Winer S, Winer DA, Reddivari L, Pellizzon M, Walters WA, Patterson AD, Ley R, Chassaing B, Vijay-Kumar M, Gewirtz AT. Psyllium Fiber Protects Against Colitis Via Activation of Bile Acid Sensor Farnesoid X Receptor. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 15:1421-1442. [PMID: 36828279 PMCID: PMC10148163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Fiber-rich foods promote health, but mechanisms by which they do so remain poorly defined. Screening fiber types, in mice, revealed psyllium had unique ability to ameliorate 2 chronic inflammatory states, namely, metabolic syndrome and colitis. We sought to determine the mechanism of action of the latter. METHODS Mice were fed grain-based chow, which is naturally rich in fiber or compositionally defined diets enriched with semi-purified fibers. Mice were studied basally and in models of chemical-induced and T-cell transfer colitis. RESULTS Relative to all diets tested, mice consuming psyllium-enriched compositionally defined diets were markedly protected against both dextran sulfate sodium- and T-cell transfer-induced colitis, as revealed by clinical-type, histopathologic, morphologic, and immunologic parameters. Such protection associated with stark basal changes in the gut microbiome but was independent of fermentation and, moreover, maintained in mice harboring a minimal microbiota (ie, Altered Schaedler Flora). Transcriptomic analysis revealed psyllium induced expression of genes mediating bile acids (BA) secretion, suggesting that psyllium's known ability to bind BA might contribute to its ability to prevent colitis. As expected, psyllium resulted in elevated level of fecal BA, reflecting their removal from enterohepatic circulation but, in stark contrast to the BA sequestrant cholestyramine, increased serum BA levels. Moreover, the use of BA mimetics that activate the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), as well as the use of FXR-knockout mice, suggested that activation of FXR plays a central role in psyllium's protection against colitis. CONCLUSIONS Psyllium protects against colitis via altering BA metabolism resulting in activation of FXR, which suppresses pro-inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Bretin
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jun Zou
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Beng San Yeoh
- University of Toledo Microbiome Consortium, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Vu L Ngo
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shawn Winer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel A Winer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California
| | - Lavanya Reddivari
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | | | - William A Walters
- Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Ruth Ley
- Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- INSERM U1016, Team "Mucosal Microbiota in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases," CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- University of Toledo Microbiome Consortium, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Andrew T Gewirtz
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia.
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Bao H, Shen Y. Unmasking BACE1 in aging and age-related diseases. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:99-111. [PMID: 36509631 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The beta-site amyloid precursor protein (APP)-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) has long been considered a conventional target for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Unfortunately, AD clinical trials of most BACE1 inhibitors were discontinued due to ineffective cognitive improvement or safety challenges. Recent studies investigating the involvement of BACE1 in metabolic, vascular, and immune functions have indicated a role in aging, diabetes, hypertension, and cancer. These novel BACE1 functions have helped to identify new 'druggable' targets for BACE1 against aging comorbidities. In this review, we discuss BACE1 regulation during aging, and then provide recent insights into its enzymatic and nonenzymatic involvement in aging and age-related diseases. Our study not only proposes the perspective of BACE1's actions in various systems, but also provides new directions for using BACE1 inhibitors and modulators to delay aging and to treat age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Bao
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Shen
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Division of Biological and Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Raber J, Rhea EM, Banks WA. The Effects of Viruses on Insulin Sensitivity and Blood-Brain Barrier Function. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2377. [PMID: 36768699 PMCID: PMC9917142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review manuscript, we discuss the effects of select common viruses on insulin sensitivity and blood-brain barrier (BBB) function and the potential overlapping and distinct mechanisms involved in these effects. More specifically, we discuss the effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpes, hepatitis, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and SARS-CoV-2 viruses on insulin sensitivity and BBB function and the proposed underlying mechanisms. These viruses differ in their ability to be transported across the BBB, disrupt the BBB, and/or alter the function of the BBB. For RSV and SARS-CoV-2, diabetes increases the risk of infection with the virus, in addition to viral infection increasing the risk for development of diabetes. For HIV and hepatitis C and E, enhanced TNF-a levels play a role in the detrimental effects. The winter of 2022-2023 has been labeled as a tridemic as influenza, RSV, and COVID-19 are all of concern during this flu season. There is an ongoing discussion about whether combined viral exposures of influenza, RSV, and COVID-19 have additive, synergistic, or interference effects. Therefore, increased efforts are warranted to determine how combined viral exposures affect insulin sensitivity and BBB function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Raber
- Departments of Behavioral Neuroscience, Neurology and Radiation Medicine; Affiliate Scientist, Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Rhea
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - William A. Banks
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
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Redox Remodeling by Nutraceuticals for Prevention and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010132. [PMID: 36670995 PMCID: PMC9855137 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant-rich dietary regimens are considered the best practice to maintain health, control inflammation, and prevent inflammatory diseases. Yet, nutraceuticals as food supplements are self-prescribed and purchasable over the counter by healthy individuals for the purpose of beneficial effects on fitness and aging. Hence, the effectiveness, safety, and correct intake of these compounds need to be better explored. Since redox-modulating activity of these compounds appears to be involved in activation and or suppression of immune cells, the preventive use of nutraceuticals is very attractive even for healthy people. This review focuses on redox- and immunomodulating nutraceuticals in the context of diabetes mellitus (DM). In fact, DM is an illustrative disease of latent and predictable inflammatory pathogenetic processes set out and sustained by oxidative stress. DM has been thoroughly investigated through in vitro and in vivo models. Furthermore, human DM is characterized by uncontrolled levels of glucose, a pivotal factor shaping immune responses. Hence, antioxidant nutraceuticals with multifaced activities, including glucose keeping, are described here. A greater number of such multi-player nutraceuticals might be identified using DM animal models and validated in clinical settings on genetic and environmental high-risk individuals.
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Zhou YD, Liang FX, Tian HR, Luo D, Wang YY, Yang SR. Mechanisms of gut microbiota-immune-host interaction on glucose regulation in type 2 diabetes. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1121695. [PMID: 36891383 PMCID: PMC9986296 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1121695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal absorption of food is one of the sources of glucose. Insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance caused by lifestyle and diet are the precursors of type 2 diabetes. Patients with type 2 diabetes have trouble controlling their blood sugar levels. For long-term health, strict glycemic management is necessary. Although it is thought to be well correlated with metabolic diseases like obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes, its molecular mechanism is still not completely understood. Disturbed microbiota triggers the gut immune response to reshape the gut homeostasis. This interaction not only maintains the dynamic changes of intestinal flora, but also preserves the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Meanwhile, the microbiota establishes a systemic multiorgan dialog on the gut-brain and gut-liver axes, intestinal absorption of a high-fat diet affects the host's feeding preference and systemic metabolism. Intervention in the gut microbiota can combat the decreased glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity linked to metabolic diseases both centrally and peripherally. Moreover, the pharmacokinetics of oral hypoglycemic medications are also influenced by gut microbiota. The accumulation of drugs in the gut microbiota not only affects the drug efficacy, but also changes the composition and function of them, thus may help to explain individual therapeutic variances in pharmacological efficacy. Regulating gut microbiota through healthy dietary patterns or supplementing pro/prebiotics can provide guidance for lifestyle interventions in people with poor glycemic control. Traditional Chinese medicine can also be used as complementary medicine to effectively regulate intestinal homeostasis. Intestinal microbiota is becoming a new target against metabolic diseases, so more evidence is needed to elucidate the intricate microbiota-immune-host relationship, and explore the therapeutic potential of targeting intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Dian Zhou
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hebei, China
| | - Feng-Xia Liang
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hebei, China
| | - Hao-Ran Tian
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hebei, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Respiratory Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, Hebei, China
| | - Ya-Yuan Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hebei, China
| | - Shu-Rui Yang
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hebei, China
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49
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Franklin A, Wurster S, Axell-House DB, Jiang Y, Kontoyiannis DP. Impact of Hyperglycemia and Diabetes Mellitus on Breakthrough Mucormycosis Outcomes in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies-Complex and Intriguing Associations. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 9:jof9010045. [PMID: 36675866 PMCID: PMC9860539 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucormycosis (MCR) is frequently associated with diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemia, as well as hematologic malignancies (HMs) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, little is known about the effect of hyperglycemia on MCR outcomes in patients with HMs. We therefore conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients hospitalized with MCR and HM or HSCT (n = 103) at MD Anderson Cancer Center from April 2000 through to April 2020. Twenty-three patients (22%) had documented episodes of severe hyperglycemia. Sixty patients had >5 serum glucose measurements within 28 days prior to MCR symptom onset; of those, 14 (23%) met the criteria for persistent hyperglycemia. Sixteen patients (16%) received insulin prior to admission. The crude mortality 42 days from the onset of MCR symptoms in our cohort was 31%. Neither severe nor persistent hyperglycemia were associated with excess mortality. Insulin use prior to index admission was associated with decreased 42-day mortality on univariate analysis (p = 0.031). In conclusion, in a setting of high crude mortality, severe and/or persistent hyperglycemia do not appear to be associated with excess mortality in patients with HM or HSCT developing MCR. Insulin use prior to MCR diagnosis may be associated with decreased mortality, although further research is needed to validate this effect and to study its mechanistic underpinnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Franklin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sebastian Wurster
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dierdre B. Axell-House
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist Hospital and Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence:
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50
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Lucchinetti E, Lou PH, Holtzhauer G, Noureddine N, Wawrzyniak P, Hartling I, Lee M, Strachan E, Clemente-Casares X, Tsai S, Rogler G, Krämer SD, Hersberger M, Zaugg M. Novel lipid emulsion for total parenteral nutrition based on 18-carbon n-3 fatty acids elicits a superior immunometabolic phenotype in a murine model compared with standard lipid emulsions. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:1805-1819. [PMID: 36166844 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While lipid emulsions in modern formulations for total parenteral nutrition (TPN) provide essential fatty acids and dense calories, they also promote inflammation and immunometabolic disruptions. OBJECTIVES We aimed to develop a novel lipid emulsion for TPN use with superior immunometabolic actions compared with available standard lipid emulsions. METHODS A novel lipid emulsion [Vegaven (VV)] containing 30% of 18-carbon n-3 fatty acids (α-linolenic acid and stearidonic acid) was developed for TPN (VV-TPN) and compared with TPN containing soybean oil-based lipid emulsion (IL-TPN) and fish-oil-based lipid emulsion (OV-TPN). In vivo studies were performed in instrumented male C57BL/6 mice subjected to 7-d TPN prior to analysis of cytokines, indices of whole-body and hepatic glucose metabolism, immune cells, lipid mediators, and mucosal bowel microbiome. RESULTS IL-6 to IL-10 ratios were significantly lower in liver and skeletal muscle of VV-TPN mice when compared with IL-TPN or OV-TPN mice. VV-TPN and OV-TPN each increased hepatic insulin receptor abundance and resulted in similar HOMA-IR values, whereas only VV-TPN increased hepatic insulin receptor substrate 2 and maintained normal hepatic glycogen content, effects that were IL-10-dependent and mediated by glucokinase activation. The percentages of IFN-γ- and IL-17-expressing CD4+ T cells were increased in livers of VV-TPN mice, and liver macrophages exhibited primed phenotypes when compared with IL-TPN. This immunomodulation was associated with successful elimination of the microinvasive bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila from the bowel mucosa by VV-TPN as opposed to standard lipid emulsions. Assay of hepatic lipid mediators revealed a distinct profile with VV-TPN, including increases in 9(S)-hydroxy-octadecatrienoic acid. When co-administered with IL-TPN, hydroxy-octadecatrienoic acids mimicked the VV-TPN immunometabolic phenotype. CONCLUSIONS We here report the unique anti-inflammatory, insulin-sensitizing, and immunity-enhancing properties of a newly developed lipid emulsion designed for TPN use based on 18-carbon n-3 fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Lucchinetti
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Phing-How Lou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Nazek Noureddine
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paulina Wawrzyniak
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Hartling
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Megan Lee
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Erin Strachan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Sue Tsai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie D Krämer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hersberger
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Zaugg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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