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Xu H, Luo Y, Li Q, Zhu H. Acupuncture influences multiple diseases by regulating gut microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1371543. [PMID: 39040602 PMCID: PMC11260648 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1371543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture, an important green and side effect-free therapy in traditional Chinese medicine, is widely use both domestically and internationally. Acupuncture can interact with the gut microbiota and influence various diseases, including metabolic diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, mental disorders, nervous system diseases, and other diseases. This review presents a thorough analysis of these interactions and their impacts and examines the alterations in the gut microbiota and the potential clinical outcomes following acupuncture intervention to establish a basis for the future utilization of acupuncture in clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Xu
- Department of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingzhe Luo
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiaoqi Li
- Department of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Wang ZJ, Ma P, Xu CY, Xu TS, Zhang L, He P, Hou BY, Yang XY, Du GH, Ji TF, Qiang GF. Identification of a novel hypoglycemic small molecule, trans-2, 4-dimethoxystilbene by rectifying gut microbiota and activating hepatic AMPKα-PPARγ pathway through gut-liver axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116760. [PMID: 38788595 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
With the increasing prevalence of metabolic disorders, hyperglycemia has become a common risk factor that endangers people's lives and the need for new drug solutions is burgeoning. Trans-2, 4-dimethoxystilbene (TDMS), a synthetic stilbene, has been found as a novel hypoglycemic small molecule from glucose consumption test. Normal C57BL/6 J mice, mouse models of type 1 diabetes mellitus and diet-induced obesity subjected to TDMS gavage were found with lower glycemic levels and better glycemic control. TDMS significantly improved the symptoms of polydipsia and wasting in type 1 diabetic mice, and could rise their body temperature at the same time. It was found that TDMS could promote the expression of key genes of glucose metabolism in HepG2, as do in TDMS-treated liver, while it could improve the intestinal flora and relieve intestinal metabolic dysbiosis in hyperglycemic models, which in turn affected its function in the liver, forming the gut-liver axis. We further fished PPARγ by virtual screening that could be promoted by TDMS both in-vitro and in-vivo, which was regulated by upstream signaling of AMPKα phosphorylation. As a novel hypoglycemic small molecule, TDMS was proven to be promising with its glycemic improvements and amelioration of diabetes symptoms. It promoted glucose absorption and utilization by the liver and improved the intestinal flora of diabetic mice. Therefore, TDMS is expected to become a new hypoglycemic drug that acts through gut-liver axis via AMPKα-PPARγ signaling pathway in improving glycemic metabolism, bringing new hope to patients with diabetes and glucose metabolism disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Peng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chun-Yang Xu
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Tian-Shu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ping He
- College of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Bi-Yu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiu-Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Teng-Fei Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Gui-Fen Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China.
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Das S, Mukhuty A, Mullen GP, Rudolph MC. Adipocyte Mitochondria: Deciphering Energetic Functions across Fat Depots in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6681. [PMID: 38928386 PMCID: PMC11203708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue, a central player in energy balance, exhibits significant metabolic flexibility that is often compromised in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Mitochondrial dysfunction within adipocytes leads to inefficient lipid handling and increased oxidative stress, which together promote systemic metabolic disruptions central to obesity and its complications. This review explores the pivotal role that mitochondria play in altering the metabolic functions of the primary adipocyte types, white, brown, and beige, within the context of obesity and T2D. Specifically, in white adipocytes, these dysfunctions contribute to impaired lipid processing and an increased burden of oxidative stress, worsening metabolic disturbances. Conversely, compromised mitochondrial function undermines their thermogenic capabilities, reducing the capacity for optimal energy expenditure in brown adipocytes. Beige adipocytes uniquely combine the functional properties of white and brown adipocytes, maintaining morphological similarities to white adipocytes while possessing the capability to transform into mitochondria-rich, energy-burning cells under appropriate stimuli. Each type of adipocyte displays unique metabolic characteristics, governed by the mitochondrial dynamics specific to each cell type. These distinct mitochondrial metabolic phenotypes are regulated by specialized networks comprising transcription factors, co-activators, and enzymes, which together ensure the precise control of cellular energy processes. Strong evidence has shown impaired adipocyte mitochondrial metabolism and faulty upstream regulators in a causal relationship with obesity-induced T2D. Targeted interventions aimed at improving mitochondrial function in adipocytes offer a promising therapeutic avenue for enhancing systemic macronutrient oxidation, thereby potentially mitigating obesity. Advances in understanding mitochondrial function within adipocytes underscore a pivotal shift in approach to combating obesity and associated comorbidities. Reigniting the burning of calories in adipose tissues, and other important metabolic organs such as the muscle and liver, is crucial given the extensive role of adipose tissue in energy storage and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehasis Das
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Alpana Mukhuty
- Department of Zoology, Rampurhat College, Rampurhat 731224, India
| | - Gregory P. Mullen
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Michael C. Rudolph
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Wang B, Luan Y. Evaluation of normalization methods for predicting quantitative phenotypes in metagenomic data analysis. Front Genet 2024; 15:1369628. [PMID: 38903761 PMCID: PMC11188486 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1369628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Genotype-to-phenotype mapping is an essential problem in the current genomic era. While qualitative case-control predictions have received significant attention, less emphasis has been placed on predicting quantitative phenotypes. This emerging field holds great promise in revealing intricate connections between microbial communities and host health. However, the presence of heterogeneity in microbiome datasets poses a substantial challenge to the accuracy of predictions and undermines the reproducibility of models. To tackle this challenge, we investigated 22 normalization methods that aimed at removing heterogeneity across multiple datasets, conducted a comprehensive review of them, and evaluated their effectiveness in predicting quantitative phenotypes in three simulation scenarios and 31 real datasets. The results indicate that none of these methods demonstrate significant superiority in predicting quantitative phenotypes or attain a noteworthy reduction in Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of the predictions. Given the frequent occurrence of batch effects and the satisfactory performance of batch correction methods in predicting datasets affected by these effects, we strongly recommend utilizing batch correction methods as the initial step in predicting quantitative phenotypes. In summary, the performance of normalization methods in predicting metagenomic data remains a dynamic and ongoing research area. Our study contributes to this field by undertaking a comprehensive evaluation of diverse methods and offering valuable insights into their effectiveness in predicting quantitative phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Nonlinear Expectations, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
- Research Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yihui Luan
- Frontier Science Center for Nonlinear Expectations, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
- Research Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Shi L, Yang J, Tao Z, Zheng L, Bui T, Alonso R, Yue F, Cheng Z. Loss of FoxO1 activates an alternate mechanism of mitochondrial quality control for healthy adipose browning. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:371-385. [PMID: 38469619 PMCID: PMC10932742 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Browning of white adipose tissue is hallmarked by increased mitochondrial density and metabolic improvements. However, it remains largely unknown how mitochondrial turnover and quality control are regulated during adipose browning. In the present study, we found that mice lacking adipocyte FoxO1, a transcription factor that regulates autophagy, adopted an alternate mechanism of mitophagy to maintain mitochondrial turnover and quality control during adipose browning. Post-developmental deletion of adipocyte FoxO1 (adO1KO) suppressed Bnip3 but activated Fundc1/Drp1/OPA1 cascade, concurrent with up-regulation of Atg7 and CTSL. In addition, mitochondrial biogenesis was stimulated via the Pgc1α/Tfam pathway in adO1KO mice. These changes were associated with enhanced mitochondrial homeostasis and metabolic health (e.g., improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity). By contrast, silencing Fundc1 or Pgc1α reversed the changes induced by silencing FoxO1, which impaired mitochondrial quality control and function. Ablation of Atg7 suppressed mitochondrial turnover and function, causing metabolic disorder (e.g., impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity), regardless of elevated markers of adipose browning. Consistently, suppression of autophagy via CTSL by high-fat diet was associated with a reversal of adO1KO-induced benefits. Our data reveal a unique role of FoxO1 in coordinating mitophagy receptors (Bnip3 and Fundc1) for a fine-tuned mitochondrial turnover and quality control, underscoring autophagic clearance of mitochondria as a prerequisite for healthy browning of adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Shi
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A
- Interdisciplinary Nutritional Sciences Doctoral Program, Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, U.S.A
| | - Jinying Yang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A
- Interdisciplinary Nutritional Sciences Doctoral Program, Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A
| | - Zhipeng Tao
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, U.S.A
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, U.S.A
| | - Louise Zheng
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, U.S.A
| | - Tyler F. Bui
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A
| | - Ramon L. Alonso
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A
| | - Zhiyong Cheng
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A
- Interdisciplinary Nutritional Sciences Doctoral Program, Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, U.S.A
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, U.S.A
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Chen X, Hou Y, Liao A, Pan L, Yang S, Liu Y, Wang J, Xue Y, Zhang M, Zhu Z, Huang J. Integrated Analysis of Gut Microbiome and Adipose Transcriptome Reveals Beneficial Effects of Resistant Dextrin from Wheat Starch on Insulin Resistance in Kunming Mice. Biomolecules 2024; 14:186. [PMID: 38397423 PMCID: PMC10886926 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic chronic inflammation is recognized as a significant contributor to the development of obesity-related insulin resistance. Previous studies have revealed the physiological benefits of resistant dextrin (RD), including obesity reduction, lower fasting glucose levels, and anti-inflammation. The present study investigated the effects of RD intervention on insulin resistance (IR) in Kunming mice, expounding the mechanisms through the gut microbiome and transcriptome of white adipose. In this eight-week study, we investigated changes in tissue weight, glucose-lipid metabolism levels, serum inflammation levels, and lesions of epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) evaluated via Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining. Moreover, we analyzed the gut microbiota composition and transcriptome of eWAT to assess the potential protective effects of RD intervention. Compared with a high-fat, high-sugar diet (HFHSD) group, the RD intervention significantly enhanced glucose homeostasis (e.g., AUC-OGTT, HOMA-IR, p < 0.001), and reduced lipid metabolism (e.g., TG, LDL-C, p < 0.001) and serum inflammation levels (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, p < 0.001). The RD intervention also led to changes in the gut microbiota composition, with an increase in the abundance of probiotics (e.g., Parabacteroides, Faecalibaculum, and Muribaculum, p < 0.05) and a decrease in harmful bacteria (Colidextribacter, p < 0.05). Moreover, the RD intervention had a noticeable effect on the gene transcription profile of eWAT, and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that differential genes were enriched in PI3K/AKT, AMPK, in glucose-lipid metabolism, and in the regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes signaling pathways. The findings demonstrated that RD not only ameliorated IR, but also remodeled the gut microbiota and modified the transcriptome profile of eWAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Chen
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China; (X.C.); (Y.H.); (A.L.); (L.P.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (M.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yinchen Hou
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China; (X.C.); (Y.H.); (A.L.); (L.P.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (M.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
| | - Aimei Liao
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China; (X.C.); (Y.H.); (A.L.); (L.P.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (M.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Long Pan
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China; (X.C.); (Y.H.); (A.L.); (L.P.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (M.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shengru Yang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
| | - Yingying Liu
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China; (X.C.); (Y.H.); (A.L.); (L.P.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (M.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China; (X.C.); (Y.H.); (A.L.); (L.P.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (M.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yingchun Xue
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China; (X.C.); (Y.H.); (A.L.); (L.P.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (M.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mingyi Zhang
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China; (X.C.); (Y.H.); (A.L.); (L.P.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (M.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhitong Zhu
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China; (X.C.); (Y.H.); (A.L.); (L.P.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (M.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jihong Huang
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China; (X.C.); (Y.H.); (A.L.); (L.P.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (M.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, China
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Liang Y, Liu D, Li Y, Hou H, Li P, Ma X, Li P, Zhan J, Wang P. Maternal polysorbate 80 intake promotes offspring metabolic syndrome through vertical microbial transmission in mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 909:168624. [PMID: 37979881 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Polysorbate 80 (P80) is an emulsifier extensively produced, consumed and discharged into the environment, consequently making human exposure inevitable. Despite evidence suggesting that P80 intake causes metabolic syndrome (MS) in mammals via microbial perturbation, limited data exist on its transgenerational impacts on offspring. In this study, we found that maternal P80 treatment impaired intestinal barrier integrity, leading to metabolic endotoxemia, low-grade inflammation and MS-related symptoms in C57BL/6J female offspring. Further analysis of the gut microbiome revealed MS-related changes in the offspring of P80-treated dams. Fecal microbiota transplantation experiment confirmed the crucial role of the altered microbiome in offspring in the transgenerational impacts of P80. Furthermore, we found that the P80-induced microbial alterations were directly transmitted from P80-treated mothers to their offspring and that interrupting vertical microbial transmission through cesarean section and foster nursing blocked the transgenerational impacts of P80 on the offspring microbiome and metabolic health. Moreover, maternal pectin supplementation also effectively mitigated P80-induced microbial alterations and MS-associated phenotypes in offspring. Together, our results indicated that maternal P80 intake could impair offspring metabolic health through the mother-to-offspring transmission of the microbiome, and maternal pectin supplementation might be a promising strategy for reducing the adverse effects of P80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Liang
- College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, No. 30, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Haonan Hou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengxi Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoran Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Peize Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
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Huang X, Luo Z, Shen T, He G, Yu X, Liu Y, Tan Y, Wang Z, Li P, Zhang B, Zhou H, Chen X, Wang Y, Yu S, Luo X, Yang X. Holistic view of heat acclimation alleviated intestinal lesion in mice with heat stroke based on microbiome-metabolomics analysis. Microb Biotechnol 2023; 16:2114-2130. [PMID: 37792264 PMCID: PMC10616642 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The severity of heat stroke (HS) is associated with intestinal injury, which is generally considered an essential issue for HS. Heat acclimation (HA) is considered the best strategy to protect against HS. In addition, HA has a protective effect on intestinal injuries caused by HS. Considering the essential role of gut microbes in intestinal structure and function, we decided to investigate the potential protective mechanism of HA in reducing intestinal injury caused by HS. HA model was established by male C57BL/6J mice (5-6 weeks old, 17-19 g) were exposed at (34 ± 0.7)°C for 4 weeks to establish an animal HA model. The protective effect of HA on intestinal barrier injury in HS was investigated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and nontargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomics. According to the experimental results, HA can change the composition of the gut microbiota, which increases the proportion of lactobacilli, faecal bacteria, and urinobacteria but decreases the proportion of deoxycholic acid. Moreover, HA can reduce liver and kidney injury and systemic inflammation caused by HS and reduce intestinal injury by enhancing the integrity of the intestinal barrier. In addition, HA regulates inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB signalling and increasing tight junction protein expression in HS mice. HA induces changes in the gut microbiota, which may enhance tight junction protein expression, thereby reducing intestinal inflammation, promoting bile acid metabolism, and ultimately maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier. In conclusion, HA induced changes in the gut microbiota. Among the gut microbiota, lactobacilli may play a key role in the potential protective mechanism of HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Huang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive MedicineArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of ChinaChongqingChina
| | - Zhen Luo
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive MedicineArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of ChinaChongqingChina
| | - Tingting Shen
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive MedicineArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of ChinaChongqingChina
| | - Genlin He
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive MedicineArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of ChinaChongqingChina
| | - Xueting Yu
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive MedicineArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of ChinaChongqingChina
| | - Yishan Liu
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive MedicineArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of ChinaChongqingChina
| | - Yulong Tan
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive MedicineArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of ChinaChongqingChina
| | - Zeze Wang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive MedicineArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of ChinaChongqingChina
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive MedicineArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of ChinaChongqingChina
| | - Boyi Zhang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive MedicineArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of ChinaChongqingChina
| | - Huan Zhou
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive MedicineArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of ChinaChongqingChina
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- The Center of Emergency and Trauma, Southwest HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive MedicineArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of ChinaChongqingChina
| | - Shasha Yu
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive MedicineArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of ChinaChongqingChina
| | - Xue Luo
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive MedicineArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of ChinaChongqingChina
| | - Xuesen Yang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive MedicineArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of ChinaChongqingChina
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9
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Li H, Tan H, Liu Z, Pan S, Tan S, Zhu Y, Wang Q, Su G, Zhou C, Cao Q, Yang P. Succinic acid exacerbates experimental autoimmune uveitis by stimulating neutrophil extracellular traps formation via SUCNR1 receptor. Br J Ophthalmol 2023; 107:1744-1749. [PMID: 35346946 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-320880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effect of succinic acid on the development of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) and the underlying mechanism. METHODS Succinic acid was administrated intraperitoneally to evaluate its effects on immune response and EAU in mice. Intraocular inflammation was evaluated by histopathological scoring. Frequencies of Th1/Th17 cells were measured by flow cytometry. Concentrations of IFN-γ/IL-17A, neutrophil elastase (NE) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent test. Infiltration of neutrophils and generation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) within the eye were assessed by immumofluorescence. NETs formation in extracellular matrix was visualised by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Succinate receptor (SUCNR1) antagonist was used to investigate its effect on the generation of NETs. RESULTS Intraperitoneal injection of succinic acid exacerbated EAU severity as evidenced by severe histological changes in association with elevated frequencies of splenic Th1/Th17 cells, and upregulated levels of IFN-γ/IL-17A and NETs in plasma. In vitro experiments showed that succinic acid could promote the generation of NETs by neutrophils as shown by increased expression of NE and MPO.NETs could increase the frequencies of Th1/Th17 cells in CD4+ T cells and their expression of IFN-γ/IL-17A. In the experiment of receptor antagonism, the upregulatory effect of succinic acid on NETs could be significantly blocked by SUCNR1 antagonist. CONCLUSIONS Succinic acid could worsen EAU induced by IRBP in mice. This effect was possibly mediated by its upregulation on NETs generation and frequencies of Th1/Th17 cells in affiliation with increased production of IFN-γ/IL-17A through succinic acid-SUCNR1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxi Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Handan Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhangluxi Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Su Pan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiyao Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunyun Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingfeng Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guannan Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunjiang Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingfeng Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peizeng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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10
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Frazier K, Manzoor S, Carroll K, DeLeon O, Miyoshi S, Miyoshi J, St. George M, Tan A, Chrisler EA, Izumo M, Takahashi JS, Rao MC, Leone VA, Chang EB. Gut microbes and the liver circadian clock partition glucose and lipid metabolism. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e162515. [PMID: 37712426 PMCID: PMC10503806 DOI: 10.1172/jci162515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms govern glucose homeostasis, and their dysregulation leads to complex metabolic diseases. Gut microbes exhibit diurnal rhythms that influence host circadian networks and metabolic processes, yet underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we showed hierarchical, bidirectional communication among the liver circadian clock, gut microbes, and glucose homeostasis in mice. To assess this relationship, we utilized mice with liver-specific deletion of the core circadian clock gene Bmal1 via Albumin-cre maintained in either conventional or germ-free housing conditions. The liver clock, but not the forebrain clock, required gut microbes to drive glucose clearance and gluconeogenesis. Liver clock dysfunctionality expanded proportions and abundances of oscillating microbial features by 2-fold relative to that in controls. The liver clock was the primary driver of differential and rhythmic hepatic expression of glucose and fatty acid metabolic pathways. Absent the liver clock, gut microbes provided secondary cues that dampened these rhythms, resulting in reduced lipid fuel utilization relative to carbohydrates. All together, the liver clock transduced signals from gut microbes that were necessary for regulating glucose and lipid metabolism and meeting energy demands over 24 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya Frazier
- Department of Medicine and
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jun Miyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Evan A. Chrisler
- Department of Animal & Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Joseph S. Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience and
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Vanessa A. Leone
- Department of Animal & Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Eugene B. Chang
- Department of Medicine and
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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11
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Kim HJ, Kim YJ, Kim YJ, Baek JH, Kim HS, Kim IY, Seong JK. Microbiota influences host exercise capacity via modulation of skeletal muscle glucose metabolism in mice. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1820-1830. [PMID: 37542180 PMCID: PMC10474268 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01063-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota enhances exercise performance and regulates host physiology and energy metabolism by producing beneficial metabolites via bacterial fermentation. In this study, we discovered that germ-free (GF) mice had a reduced capacity for aerobic exercise as well as low oxygen consumption rates and glucose availability. Surprisingly, GF mice showed lower body weight gain and lower fat mass than specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice. Therefore, we hypothesized that these paradoxical phenotypes could be mediated by a compensatory increase in lipolysis in adipose tissues owing to impaired glucose utilization in skeletal muscle. Our data revealed that gut microbiota depletion impairs host aerobic exercise capacity via the deterioration of glucose storage and utilization. The improved browning ability of GF mice may have contributed to the lean phenotype and negatively affected energy generation. These adaptations limit obesity in GF mice but impede their immediate fuel supply during exercise, resulting in decreased exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Ju Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jae Kim
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Baek
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Su Kim
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Yong Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, Program for Cancer Biology and BIO-MAX/N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Hylander BL, Qiao G, Cortes Gomez E, Singh P, Repasky EA. Housing temperature plays a critical role in determining gut microbiome composition in research mice: Implications for experimental reproducibility. Biochimie 2023; 210:71-81. [PMID: 36693616 PMCID: PMC10953156 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical mouse models are widely used for studying mechanisms of disease and responses to therapeutics, however there is concern about the lack of experimental reproducibility and failure to predict translational success. The gut microbiome has emerged as a regulator of metabolism and immunological processes in health and disease. The gut microbiome of mice differs by supplier and this affects experimental outcomes. We have previously reported that the mandated, mildly cool housing temperature for research mice (22°-26 °C) induces chronic adrenergic stress which suppresses anti-tumor immunity and promotes tumor growth compared to thermoneutral housing (30 °C). Therefore, we wondered how housing temperature affects the microbiome. Here, we demonstrate that the gut microbiome of BALB/c mice is easily modulated by a few degrees difference in temperature. Our results reveal significant differences between the gut microbiome of mice housed at 22°-23 °C vs. 30 °C. Although the genera vary, we consistently observed an enrichment of members of the family Lachnospiraceae when mice are housed at 22°-23 °C. These findings demonstrate that adrenergic stress and need for increased energy harvest to support thermogenesis, in addition to other factors such as diet, modulates the gut microbiome and this could be one mechanism by which housing temperature affects experimental outcomes. Additionally, tumor growth in mice housed at 30 °C also increases the proportion of Lachnospiraceae. The idea that stress can alter the gut microbiome and cause differences in experimental outcomes is applicable to mouse studies in general and is a variable that has significant potential to affect experimental reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie L Hylander
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
| | - Guanxi Qiao
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
| | - Eduardo Cortes Gomez
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
| | - Prashant Singh
- Genomics Shared Resource, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Repasky
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
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13
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Ding L, Teng R, Zhu Y, Liu F, Wu L, Qin L, Wu X, Liu T. Electroacupuncture treatment ameliorates metabolic disorders in obese ZDF rats by regulating liver energy metabolism and gut microbiota. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1207574. [PMID: 37441502 PMCID: PMC10335763 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1207574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders represent a major therapeutic challenge to public health worldwide due to their dramatically increasing prevalence. Acupuncture is widely used as adjuvant therapy for multiple metabolic diseases. However, detailed biological interpretation of the acupuncture stimulations is still limited. The gut and the liver are intrinsically connected and related to metabolic function. Microbial metabolites might affect the gut-liver axis through multiple mechanisms. Liver metabolomics and 16S rRNA sequencing were used to explore the specific mechanism of electroacupuncture in treating ZDF rats in this study. Electroacupuncture effectively improved glycolipid metabolism disorders of the ZDF rats. Histopathology confirmed that electroacupuncture improved diffuse hepatic steatosis and hepatocyte vacuolation, and promoted glycogen accumulation in the liver. The treatment significantly improved microbial diversity and richness and upregulated beneficial bacteria that maintain intestinal epithelial homeostasis and decreased bacteria with detrimental metabolic features on host metabolism. Liver metabolomics showed that the main effects of electroacupuncture include reducing the carbon flow and intermediate products in the TCA cycle, regulating the metabolism of various amino acids, and inhibiting hepatic glucose output and de novo lipogenesis. The gut-liver axis correlation analysis showed a strong correlation between the liver metabolites and the gut microbiota, especially allantoin and Adlercreutzia. Electroacupuncture treatment can improve abnormal energy metabolism by reducing oxidative stress, ectopic fat deposition, and altering metabolic fluxes. Our results will help us to further understand the specific mechanism of electroacupuncture in the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rufeng Teng
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Zhu
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fengming Liu
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Wu
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Qin
- Department of Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Department of Education, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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14
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Chen Q, Ma X, Xing Z, Zhao X, Zu H, Guo Z, Li B. Antibiotic Conditioning Shapes Pseudosterile Mouse Models by Deleting Colonic Microbes Rather than Small Intestinal Microbes. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0081423. [PMID: 37074200 PMCID: PMC10269458 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00814-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple model of alternative microbiota in the developing intestinal environment has been highly desirable for the study of health and disease in the gut. The pattern of antibiotic depletion of natural gut microbes is necessary for this model. However, the effects and loci of antibiotic deletion of gut microbes remain unclear. In this study, a mixture of three proven broad-spectrum antibiotics was selected to study their effects on microbial deletions in the jejunum, ileum, and colon of mice. The 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that antibiotics significantly reduced colonic microbial diversity, with limited effects on the jejunum and ileum. At the level of microbial genera, only 93.38% of Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia and 5.89% of Enterorhabdus were present in the colon after antibiotic treatment. However, such changes were not observed in the microbial composition of the jejunum and ileum. Our results suggest that the antibiotics depleted intestinal microorganisms by acting primarily in the colon and not in the small intestine (jejunum and ileum). IMPORTANCE Many studies have applied antibiotics to delete intestinal microbes to shape pseudosterile mouse models and further used for fecal microbial transplantation. However, few studies have explored the spatial location of antibiotic action in the intestine. This study shows that the selected antibiotics effectively deleted microbiota in the colon of mice, with limited effects on microbes in the jejunum and ileum. Our study provides guidance for the application of a mouse model of antibiotic deletion of intestinal microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhishuang Xing
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- CABIO Biotech (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Hang Zu
- Heilongjiang Ubayt Dairy Group Co., Ltd., Qiqihaer, China
| | - Zengwang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Bailiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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15
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Druzak SA, Tardelli M, Mays SG, El Bejjani M, Mo X, Maner-Smith KM, Bowen T, Cato ML, Tillman MC, Sugiyama A, Xie Y, Fu H, Cohen DE, Ortlund EA. Ligand dependent interaction between PC-TP and PPARδ mitigates diet-induced hepatic steatosis in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2748. [PMID: 37173315 PMCID: PMC10182070 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38010-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PC-TP; synonym StarD2) is a soluble lipid-binding protein that transports phosphatidylcholine (PC) between cellular membranes. To better understand the protective metabolic effects associated with hepatic PC-TP, we generated a hepatocyte-specific PC-TP knockdown (L-Pctp-/-) in male mice, which gains less weight and accumulates less liver fat compared to wild-type mice when challenged with a high-fat diet. Hepatic deletion of PC-TP also reduced adipose tissue mass and decreases levels of triglycerides and phospholipids in skeletal muscle, liver and plasma. Gene expression analysis suggest that the observed metabolic changes are related to transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferative activating receptor (PPAR) family members. An in-cell protein complementation screen between lipid transfer proteins and PPARs uncovered a direct interaction between PC-TP and PPARδ that was not observed for other PPARs. We confirmed the PC-TP- PPARδ interaction in Huh7 hepatocytes, where it was found to repress PPARδ-mediated transactivation. Mutations of PC-TP residues implicated in PC binding and transfer reduce the PC-TP-PPARδ interaction and relieve PC-TP-mediated PPARδ repression. Reduction of exogenously supplied methionine and choline reduces the interaction while serum starvation enhances the interaction in cultured hepatocytes. Together our data points to a ligand sensitive PC-TP- PPARδ interaction that suppresses PPAR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Druzak
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matteo Tardelli
- Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Suzanne G Mays
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mireille El Bejjani
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xulie Mo
- Department of Chemical Biology and Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kristal M Maner-Smith
- Emory Integrated Lipidomics and Metabolomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas Bowen
- Emory Integrated Lipidomics and Metabolomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael L Cato
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew C Tillman
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Akiko Sugiyama
- Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yang Xie
- Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David E Cohen
- Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric A Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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16
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Liu Y, Han L, Zhu P, Song M, Zhang Y, Meng L, Zhang W, Zhang C, Zhong M. PTPN2 targets TAK1 for dephosphorylation to improve cellular senescence and promote adipose tissue browning in T2DM. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1124633. [PMID: 37251330 PMCID: PMC10213551 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1124633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The energy imbalance when energy intake exceeds expenditure acts as an essential factor in the development of insulin resistance (IR). The activity of brown adipose tissue, which is involved in the dissipation of energy via heat expenditure decreases under type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) state when the number of pathological aging adipocytes increases. Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) regulates several biological processes by dephosphorylating several cellular substrates; however, whether PTPN2 regulates cellular senescence in adipocytes and the underlying mechanism has not been reported. Methods: We constructed a model of type 2 diabetic mice with PTPN2 overexpression to explore the role of PTPN2 in T2DM. Results: We revealed that PTPN2 facilitated adipose tissue browning by alleviating pathological senescence, thus improving glucose tolerance and IR in T2DM. Mechanistically, we are the first to report that PTPN2 could bind with transforming growth factor-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) directly for dephosphorylation to inhibit the downstream MAPK/NF-κB pathway in adipocytes and regulate cellular senescence and the browning process subsequently. Discussion: Our study revealed a critical mechanism of adipocytes browning progression and provided a potential target for the treatment of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapeng Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lu Han
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of General Practice, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Song
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yaoyuan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Linlin Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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17
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Li J, Bates KA, Hoang KL, Hector TE, Knowles SCL, King KC. Experimental temperatures shape host microbiome diversity and composition. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:41-56. [PMID: 36251487 PMCID: PMC10092218 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change has led to more extreme thermal events. Plants and animals harbour diverse microbial communities, which may be vital for their physiological performance and help them survive stressful climatic conditions. The extent to which microbiome communities change in response to warming or cooling may be important for predicting host performance under global change. Using a meta-analysis of 1377 microbiomes from 43 terrestrial and aquatic species, we found a decrease in the amplicon sequence variant-level microbiome phylogenetic diversity and alteration of microbiome composition under both experimental warming and cooling. Microbiome beta dispersion was not affected by temperature changes. We showed that the host habitat and experimental factors affected microbiome diversity and composition more than host biological traits. In particular, aquatic organisms-especially in marine habitats-experienced a greater depletion in microbiome diversity under cold conditions, compared to terrestrial hosts. Exposure involving a sudden long and static temperature shift was associated with microbiome diversity loss, but this reduction was attenuated by prior-experimental lab acclimation or when a ramped regime (i.e., warming) was used. Microbial differential abundance and co-occurrence network analyses revealed several potential indicator bacterial classes for hosts in heated environments and on different biome levels. Overall, our findings improve our understanding on the impact of global temperature changes on animal and plant microbiome structures across a diverse range of habitats. The next step is to link these changes to measures of host fitness, as well as microbial community functions, to determine whether microbiomes can buffer some species against a more thermally variable and extreme world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingdi Li
- Department of BiologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Kim L. Hoang
- Department of BiologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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18
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Mitchelson KAJ, Tran TTT, Dillon ET, Vlckova K, Harrison SM, Ntemiri A, Cunningham K, Gibson I, Finucane FM, O'Connor EM, Roche HM, O'Toole PW. Yeast β-Glucan Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Mice Humanized with Obese Type 2 Diabetic Gut Microbiota. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100819. [PMID: 36038526 PMCID: PMC9787509 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Gut microbiota alterations are associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Yeast β-glucans are potential modulators of the innate immune-metabolic response, by impacting glucose, lipid, and cholesterol homeostasis. The study examines whether yeast β-glucan interacts differentially with either an obese healthy or obese diabetic gut microbiome, to impact metabolic health through hepatic effects under high-fat dietary challenge. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6J mice are pre-inoculated with gut microbiota from obese healthy (OBH) or obese type 2 diabetic (OBD) subjects, in conjunction with a high-fat diet (HFD) with/without yeast β-glucan. OBD microbiome colonization adversely impacts metabolic health compared to OBH microbiome engraftment. OBD mice are more insulin resistant and display hepatic lipotoxicity compared to weight matched OBH mice. Yeast β-glucan supplementation resolves this adverse metabolic phenotype, coincident with increasing the abundance of health-related bacterial taxa. Hepatic proteomics demonstrates that OBD microbiome transplantation increases HFD-induced hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction, disrupts oxidative phosphorylation, and reduces protein synthesis, which are partly reverted by yeast β-glucan supplementation. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic metabolism is adversely affected by OBD microbiome colonization with high-fat feeding, but partially resolved by yeast β-glucan. More targeted dietary interventions that encompass the interactions between diet, gut microbiota, and host metabolism may have greater treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A. J. Mitchelson
- Nutrigenomics Research Group and Institute of Food and HealthUniversity College DublinDublinDublin 4Republic of Ireland
| | - Tam T. T. Tran
- APC Microbiome IrelandUniversity College CorkCorkT12 K8AFRepublic of Ireland,School of MicrobiologyUniversity College CorkCorkT12 K8AFRepublic of Ireland,Present address:
Vietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology of HanoiHanoiVietnam
| | - Eugene T. Dillon
- Mass Spectrometry ResourceConway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical ResearchUniversity College DublinDublinDublin 4Republic of Ireland
| | - Klara Vlckova
- APC Microbiome IrelandUniversity College CorkCorkT12 K8AFRepublic of Ireland,School of MicrobiologyUniversity College CorkCorkT12 K8AFRepublic of Ireland
| | - Sabine M. Harrison
- UCD School of Agriculture & Food ScienceUniversity College DublinDublinDublin 4Republic of Ireland
| | - Alexandra Ntemiri
- APC Microbiome IrelandUniversity College CorkCorkT12 K8AFRepublic of Ireland,School of MicrobiologyUniversity College CorkCorkT12 K8AFRepublic of Ireland
| | - Katie Cunningham
- Bariatric Medicine ServiceCentre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismGalway University HospitalsGalwayH91 YR71Republic of Ireland,Heart and Stroke CentreCroiThe West of Ireland Cardiac FoundationMoyola Lane, NewcastleGalwayGalwayH91 FF68Republic of Ireland
| | - Irene Gibson
- Heart and Stroke CentreCroiThe West of Ireland Cardiac FoundationMoyola Lane, NewcastleGalwayGalwayH91 FF68Republic of Ireland
| | - Francis M. Finucane
- Bariatric Medicine ServiceCentre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismGalway University HospitalsGalwayH91 YR71Republic of Ireland,HRB Clinical Research FacilityNational University of IrelandGalwayH91 TK33Republic of Ireland
| | - Eibhlís M. O'Connor
- APC Microbiome IrelandUniversity College CorkCorkT12 K8AFRepublic of Ireland,Department of Biological SciencesSchool of Natural SciencesUniversity of LimerickLimerickV94 T9PXRepublic of Ireland,Health Research InstituteUniversity of LimerickLimerickV94 T9PXRepublic of Ireland
| | - Helen M. Roche
- Nutrigenomics Research Group and Institute of Food and HealthUniversity College DublinDublinDublin 4Republic of Ireland,Diabetes Complications Research CentreUniversity College DublinDublinDublin 4Republic of Ireland,The Institute for Global Food SecuritySchool of Biological SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastBT9 5DLUK
| | - Paul W. O'Toole
- APC Microbiome IrelandUniversity College CorkCorkT12 K8AFRepublic of Ireland,School of MicrobiologyUniversity College CorkCorkT12 K8AFRepublic of Ireland
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19
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Qi R, Wang J, Sun J, Qiu X, Liu X, Wang Q, Yang F, Ge L, Liu Z. The effects of gut microbiota colonizing on the porcine hypothalamus revealed by whole transcriptome analysis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:970470. [PMID: 36312924 PMCID: PMC9606227 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.970470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of the microbe-gut-brain axis in metabolic homeostasis, development, and health are well-known. The hypothalamus integrates the higher nerve center system and functions to regulate energy balance, feeding, biological rhythms and mood. However, how the hypothalamus is affected by gut microbes in mammals is unclear. This study demonstrated differences in hypothalamic gene expression between the germ-free (GF) pigs and pigs colonized with gut microbiota (CG) by whole-transcriptome analysis. A total of 938 mRNAs, 385 lncRNAs and 42 miRNAs were identified to be differentially expressed between the two groups of pigs. An mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA competing endogenous RNA network was constructed, and miR-22-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-136-3p, miR-143-3p, and miR-545-3p located in the net hub. Gene function and pathway enrichment analysis showed the altered mRNAs were mainly related to developmental regulation, mitochondrial function, the nervous system, cell signaling and neurodegenerative diseases. Notably, the remarkable upregulation of multiple genes in oxidative phosphorylation enhanced the GF pigs’ hypothalamic energy expenditure. Additionally, the reduction in ATP content and the increase in carnitine palmitoyl transterase-1 (CPT1) protein level also confirmed this fact. Furthermore, the hypothalamic cell apoptosis rate in the CG piglets was significantly higher than that in the GF piglets. This may be due to the elevated concentrations of pro-inflammatory factors produced by gut bacteria. The obtained results collectively suggest that the colonization of gut microbes has a significant impact on hypothalamic function and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renli Qi
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Renli Qi,
| | - Jing Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Qiu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Feiyun Yang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Liangpeng Ge
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, China
| | - Zuohua Liu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, China
- Zuohua Liu,
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20
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Metabolic reconstitution of germ-free mice by a gnotobiotic microbiota varies over the circadian cycle. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001743. [PMID: 36126044 PMCID: PMC9488797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity of the intestinal microbiota to degrade otherwise indigestible diet components is known to greatly improve the recovery of energy from food. This has led to the hypothesis that increased digestive efficiency may underlie the contribution of the microbiota to obesity. OligoMM12-colonized gnotobiotic mice have a consistently higher fat mass than germ-free (GF) or fully colonized counterparts. We therefore investigated their food intake, digestion efficiency, energy expenditure, and respiratory quotient using a novel isolator-housed metabolic cage system, which allows long-term measurements without contamination risk. This demonstrated that microbiota-released calories are perfectly balanced by decreased food intake in fully colonized versus gnotobiotic OligoMM12 and GF mice fed a standard chow diet, i.e., microbiota-released calories can in fact be well integrated into appetite control. We also observed no significant difference in energy expenditure after normalization by lean mass between the different microbiota groups, suggesting that cumulative small differences in energy balance, or altered energy storage, must underlie fat accumulation in OligoMM12 mice. Consistent with altered energy storage, major differences were observed in the type of respiratory substrates used in metabolism over the circadian cycle: In GF mice, the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was consistently lower than that of fully colonized mice at all times of day, indicative of more reliance on fat and less on glucose metabolism. Intriguingly, the RER of OligoMM12-colonized gnotobiotic mice phenocopied fully colonized mice during the dark (active/eating) phase but phenocopied GF mice during the light (fasting/resting) phase. Further, OligoMM12-colonized mice showed a GF-like drop in liver glycogen storage during the light phase and both liver and plasma metabolomes of OligoMM12 mice clustered closely with GF mice. This implies the existence of microbiota functions that are required to maintain normal host metabolism during the resting/fasting phase of circadian cycle and which are absent in the OligoMM12 consortium.
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21
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Harshaw C, Kojima S, Wellman CL, Demas GE, Morrow AL, Taft DH, Kenkel WM, Leffel JK, Alberts JR. Maternal antibiotics disrupt microbiome, behavior, and temperature regulation in unexposed infant mice. Dev Psychobiol 2022; 64:e22289. [PMID: 35748626 PMCID: PMC9236156 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Maternal antibiotic (ABx) exposure can significantly perturb the transfer of microbiota from mother to offspring, resulting in dysbiosis of potential relevance to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Studies in rodent models have found long-term neurobehavioral effects in offspring of ABx-treated dams, but ASD-relevant behavior during the early preweaning period has thus far been neglected. Here, we exposed C57BL/6J mouse dams to ABx (5 mg/ml neomycin, 1.25 μg/ml pimaricin, .075% v/v acetic acid) dissolved in drinking water from gestational day 12 through offspring postnatal day 14. A number of ASD-relevant behaviors were assayed in offspring, including ultrasonic vocalization (USV) production during maternal separation, group huddling in response to cold challenge, and olfactory-guided home orientation. In addition, we obtained measures of thermoregulatory competence in pups during and following behavioral testing. We found a number of behavioral differences in offspring of ABx-treated dams (e.g., modulation of USVs by pup weight, activity while huddling) and provide evidence that some of these behavioral effects can be related to thermoregulatory deficiencies, particularly at younger ages. Our results suggest not only that ABx can disrupt microbiomes, thermoregulation, and behavior, but that metabolic effects may confound the interpretation of behavioral differences observed after early-life ABx exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sayuri Kojima
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Cara L. Wellman
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | | | - Ardythe L. Morrow
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Diana Hazard Taft
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - William M. Kenkel
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
| | - Joseph K. Leffel
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Jeffrey R. Alberts
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
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22
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Lv Q, Li Z, Sui A, Yang X, Han Y, Yao R. The role and mechanisms of gut microbiota in diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy and cardiovascular diseases. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:977187. [PMID: 36060752 PMCID: PMC9433831 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.977187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and T2DM-related complications [such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)] are the most prevalent metabolic diseases. Intriguingly, overwhelming findings have shown a strong association of the gut microbiome with the etiology of these diseases, including the role of aberrant gut bacterial metabolites, increased intestinal permeability, and pathogenic immune function affecting host metabolism. Thus, deciphering the specific microbiota, metabolites, and the related mechanisms to T2DM-related complications by combined analyses of metagenomics and metabolomics data can lead to an innovative strategy for the treatment of these diseases. Accordingly, this review highlights the advanced knowledge about the characteristics of the gut microbiota in T2DM-related complications and how it can be associated with the pathogenesis of these diseases. Also, recent studies providing a new perspective on microbiota-targeted therapies are included.
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23
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Ben Fradj S, Nédélec E, Salvi J, Fouesnard M, Huillet M, Pallot G, Cansell C, Sanchez C, Philippe C, Gigot V, Lemoine A, Trompier D, Henry T, Petrilli V, Py BF, Guillou H, Loiseau N, Ellero-Simatos S, Nahon JL, Rovère C, Grober J, Boudry G, Douard V, Benani A. Evidence for Constitutive Microbiota-Dependent Short-Term Control of Food Intake in Mice: Is There a Link with Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Endotoxemia, and GLP-1? Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:349-369. [PMID: 35166124 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Although prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal transplantation can alter the sensation of hunger and/or feeding behavior, the role of the constitutive gut microbiota in the short-term regulation of food intake during normal physiology is still unclear. Results: An antibiotic-induced microbiota depletion study was designed to compare feeding behavior in conventional and microbiota-depleted mice. Tissues were sampled to characterize the time profile of microbiota-derived signals in mice during consumption of either standard or high-fat food for 1 h. Pharmacological and genetic tools were used to evaluate the contribution of postprandial endotoxemia and inflammatory responses in the short-term regulation of food intake. We observed constitutive microbial and macronutrient-dependent control of food intake at the time scale of a meal; that is, within 1 h of food introduction. Specifically, microbiota depletion increased food intake, and the microbiota-derived anorectic effect became significant during the consumption of high-fat but not standard food. This anorectic effect correlated with a specific postprandial microbial metabolic signature, and did not require postprandial endotoxemia or an NOD-, LRR-, and Pyrin domain-containing protein 3-inflammasome-mediated inflammatory response. Innovation and Conclusion: These findings show that the gut microbiota controls host appetite at the time scale of a meal under normal physiology. Interestingly, a microbiota-derived anorectic effect develops specifically with a high-fat meal, indicating that gut microbiota activity is involved in the satietogenic properties of foods. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 349-369.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Ben Fradj
- CSGA, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS (UMR6265), INRAE (UMR1324), Institut Agro Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Nédélec
- CSGA, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS (UMR6265), INRAE (UMR1324), Institut Agro Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Juliette Salvi
- CSGA, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS (UMR6265), INRAE (UMR1324), Institut Agro Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Mélanie Fouesnard
- Institut Micalis, INRAE (UMR1319), AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Institut NuMeCan, INRAE (UMR1341), INSERM (UMR1241), Université de Rennes 1, St-Gilles, France
| | - Marine Huillet
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse 3, INRAE (UMR1331), ENVT, INP-Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Gaëtan Pallot
- Centre de Recherche Lipides, Nutrition, Cancer, INSERM (UMR1231), Institut Agro Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Céline Cansell
- IPMC, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS (UMR7275), Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Clara Sanchez
- IPMC, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS (UMR7275), Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Catherine Philippe
- Institut Micalis, INRAE (UMR1319), AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Vincent Gigot
- CSGA, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS (UMR6265), INRAE (UMR1324), Institut Agro Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Aleth Lemoine
- CSGA, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS (UMR6265), INRAE (UMR1324), Institut Agro Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Doriane Trompier
- CSGA, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS (UMR6265), INRAE (UMR1324), Institut Agro Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Thomas Henry
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm (U1111), CNRS (UMR5308), ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Virginie Petrilli
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm (U1052), CNRS (UMR5286), Université de Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Benedicte F Py
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm (U1111), CNRS (UMR5308), ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse 3, INRAE (UMR1331), ENVT, INP-Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Loiseau
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse 3, INRAE (UMR1331), ENVT, INP-Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Ellero-Simatos
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse 3, INRAE (UMR1331), ENVT, INP-Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Louis Nahon
- IPMC, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS (UMR7275), Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Carole Rovère
- IPMC, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS (UMR7275), Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Jacques Grober
- Centre de Recherche Lipides, Nutrition, Cancer, INSERM (UMR1231), Institut Agro Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Gaelle Boudry
- Institut NuMeCan, INRAE (UMR1341), INSERM (UMR1241), Université de Rennes 1, St-Gilles, France
| | - Véronique Douard
- Institut Micalis, INRAE (UMR1319), AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Alexandre Benani
- CSGA, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS (UMR6265), INRAE (UMR1324), Institut Agro Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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24
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Tholen S, Patel R, Agas A, Kovary KM, Rabiee A, Nicholls HT, Bielczyk-Maczyńska E, Yang W, Kraemer FB, Teruel MN. Flattening of circadian glucocorticoid oscillations drives acute hyperinsulinemia and adipocyte hypertrophy. Cell Rep 2022; 39:111018. [PMID: 35767959 PMCID: PMC9391061 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of circadian glucocorticoid oscillations in Cushing's disease and chronic stress results in obesity and adipocyte hypertrophy, which is believed to be a main source of the harmful effects of obesity. Here, we recapitulate stress due to jet lag or work-life imbalances by flattening glucocorticoid oscillations in mice. Within 3 days, mice achieve a metabolic state with persistently high insulin, but surprisingly low glucose and fatty acids in the bloodstream, that precedes a more than 2-fold increase in brown and white adipose tissue mass within 3 weeks. Transcriptomic and Cd36-knockout mouse analyses show that hyperinsulinemia-mediated de novo fatty acid synthesis and Cd36-mediated fatty acid uptake drive fat mass increases. Intriguingly, this mechanism by which glucocorticoid flattening causes acute hyperinsulinemia and adipocyte hypertrophy is unexpectedly beneficial in preventing high levels of circulating fatty acids and glucose for weeks, thus serving as a protective response to preserve metabolic health during chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Tholen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Roma Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and the Gale and Ira Drukier Institute of Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Agnieszka Agas
- Department of Biochemistry and the Gale and Ira Drukier Institute of Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyle M Kovary
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Atefeh Rabiee
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hayley T Nicholls
- Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ewa Bielczyk-Maczyńska
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wenting Yang
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Fredric B Kraemer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mary N Teruel
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biochemistry and the Gale and Ira Drukier Institute of Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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25
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Zhang Y, Sun L, Zhu R, Zhang S, Liu S, Wang Y, Wu Y, Xing S, Liao X, Mi J. Porcine gut microbiota in mediating host metabolic adaptation to cold stress. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:18. [PMID: 35383199 PMCID: PMC8983680 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00283-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a key role in host metabolic thermogenesis by activating UCP1 and increasing the browning process of white adipose tissue (WAT), especially in cold environments. However, the crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the host, which lacks functional UCP1, making them susceptible to cold stress, has rarely been illustrated. We used male piglets as a model to evaluate the host response to cold stress via the gut microbiota (four groups: room temperature group, n = 5; cold stress group, n = 5; cold stress group with antibiotics, n = 5; room temperature group with antibiotics, n = 3). We found that host thermogenesis and insulin resistance increased the levels of serum metabolites such as glycocholic acid (GCA) and glycochenodeoxycholate acid (GCDCA) and altered the compositions and functions of the cecal microbiota under cold stress. The gut microbiota was characterized by increased levels of Ruminococcaceae, Prevotellaceae, and Muribaculaceae under cold stress. We found that piglets subjected to cold stress had increased expression of genes related to bile acid and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolism in their liver and fat lipolysis genes in their fat. In addition, the fat lipolysis genes CLPS, PNLIPRP1, CPT1B, and UCP3 were significantly increased in the fat of piglets under cold stress. However, the use of antibiotics showed a weakened or strengthened cold tolerance phenotype, indicating that the gut microbiota plays important role in host thermogenesis. Our results demonstrate that the gut microbiota-blood-liver and fat axis may regulate thermogenesis during cold acclimation in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lan Sun
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Run Zhu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yinbao Wu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Sicheng Xing
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xindi Liao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Jiandui Mi
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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26
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Dieckmann S, Strohmeyer A, Willershäuser M, Maurer SF, Wurst W, Marschall S, de Angelis MH, Kühn R, Worthmann A, Fuh MM, Heeren J, Köhler N, Pauling JK, Klingenspor M. Susceptibility to diet-induced obesity at thermoneutral conditions is independent of UCP1. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E85-E100. [PMID: 34927460 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00278.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Activation of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) upon cold stimulation leads to substantial increase in energy expenditure to defend body temperature. Increases in energy expenditure after a high-caloric food intake, termed diet-induced thermogenesis, are also attributed to BAT. These properties render BAT a potential target to combat diet-induced obesity. However, studies investigating the role of UCP1 to protect against diet-induced obesity are controversial and rely on the phenotyping of a single constitutive UCP1-knockout model. To address this issue, we generated a novel UCP1-knockout model by Cre-mediated deletion of exon 2 in the UCP1 gene. We studied the effect of constitutive UCP1 knockout on metabolism and the development of diet-induced obesity. UCP1 knockout and wild-type mice were housed at 30°C and fed a control diet for 4 wk followed by 8 wk of high-fat diet. Body weight and food intake were monitored continuously over the course of the study, and indirect calorimetry was used to determine energy expenditure during both feeding periods. Based on Western blot analysis, thermal imaging and noradrenaline test, we confirmed the lack of functional UCP1 in knockout mice. However, body weight gain, food intake, and energy expenditure were not affected by loss of UCP1 function during both feeding periods. We introduce a novel UCP1-KO mouse enabling the generation of conditional UCP1-knockout mice to scrutinize the contribution of UCP1 to energy metabolism in different cell types or life stages. Our results demonstrate that UCP1 does not protect against diet-induced obesity at thermoneutrality.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We provide evidence that the abundance of UCP1 does not influence energy metabolism at thermoneutrality studying a novel Cre-mediated UCP1-KO mouse model. This model will be a foundation for a better understanding of the contribution of UCP1 in different cell types or life stages to energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Dieckmann
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Akim Strohmeyer
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Monja Willershäuser
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Stefanie F Maurer
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Munich, Germany
| | - Susan Marschall
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Kühn
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Anna Worthmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marceline M Fuh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nikolai Köhler
- LipiTUM, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Josch K Pauling
- LipiTUM, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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27
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Secombe KR, Al-Qadami GH, Subramaniam CB, Bowen JM, Scott J, Van Sebille YZ, Snelson M, Cowan C, Clarke G, Gheorghe CE, Cryan JF, Wardill HR. Guidelines for reporting on animal fecal transplantation (GRAFT) studies: recommendations from a systematic review of murine transplantation protocols. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1979878. [PMID: 34586011 PMCID: PMC8489962 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1979878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is a powerful tool used to connect changes in gut microbial composition with a variety of disease states and pathologies. While FMT enables potential causal relationships to be identified, the experimental details reported in preclinical FMT protocols are highly inconsistent and/or incomplete. This limitation reflects a current lack of authoritative guidance on reporting standards that would facilitate replication efforts and ultimately reproducible science. We therefore systematically reviewed all FMT protocols used in mouse models with the goal of formulating recommendations on the reporting of preclinical FMT protocols. Search strategies were applied across three databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and Ovid Medline) until June 30, 2020. Data related to donor attributes, stool collection, processing/storage, recipient preparation, administration, and quality control were extracted. A total of 1753 papers were identified, with 241 identified for data extraction and analysis. Of the papers included, 92.5% reported a positive outcome with FMT intervention. However, the vast majority of studies failed to address core methodological aspects including the use of anaerobic conditions (91.7% of papers lacked information), storage (49.4%), homogenization (33.6%), concentration (31.5%), volume (19.9%) and administration route (5.3%). To address these reporting limitations, we developed theGuidelines for Reporting Animal Fecal Transplant (GRAFT) that guide reporting standards for preclinical FMT. The GRAFT recommendations will enable robust reporting of preclinical FMT design, and facilitate high-quality peer review, improving the rigor and translation of knowledge gained through preclinical FMT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate R. Secombe
- School of Biomedicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,CONTACT Kate R. Secombe The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Ghanyah H. Al-Qadami
- School of Biomedicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Courtney B. Subramaniam
- School of Biomedicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Joanne M. Bowen
- School of Biomedicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jacqui Scott
- School of Biomedicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,Precision Medicine Theme (Cancer), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Matthew Snelson
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Caitlin Cowan
- School of Psychology and Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gerard Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cassandra E. Gheorghe
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F. Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Hannah R. Wardill
- School of Biomedicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,Precision Medicine Theme (Cancer), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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28
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A murine commensal protozoan influences host glucose homeostasis by facilitating free choline generation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0241321. [PMID: 35080909 PMCID: PMC8939315 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02413-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent progress indicates that the gut microbiota plays important role in regulating the host’s glucose homeostasis. However, the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we reported that one integral member of the murine gut microbiota, the protozoan Tritrichomonas musculis could drive the host’s glucose metabolic imbalance. Using metabolomics analysis and in vivo assays, we found that mechanistically this protozoan influences the host glucose metabolism by facilitating the production of a significant amount of free choline. Free choline could be converted sequentially by choline-utilizing bacteria and then the host to a final product trimethylamine N-oxide, which promoted hepatic gluconeogenesis. Together, our data reveal a previously underappreciated gut eukaryotic microorganism by working together with other members of microbiota to influence the host’s metabolism. Our study underscores the importance and prevalence of metabolic interactions between the gut microbiota and the host in modulating the host’s metabolic health. IMPORTANCE Blood glucose levels are important for human health and can be influenced by gut microbes. However, its mechanism of action was previously unknown. In this study, researchers identify a unique member of the gut microbes in mice that can influence glucose metabolism by promoting the host’s ability to synthesis glucose by using nonglucose materials. This is because of its ability to generate the essential nutrient choline, and choline, aided by other gut bacteria and the host, is converted to trimethylamine N-oxide, which promotes glucose production. These studies show how gut microbes promote metabolic dysfunction and suggest novel approaches for treating patients with blood glucose abnormality.
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29
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Cortopassi MD, Ramachandran D, Rubio WB, Hochbaum D, Sabatini BL, Banks AS. Analysis of Thermogenesis Experiments with CalR. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2448:43-72. [PMID: 35167089 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2087-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Modern indirect calorimetry systems allow for high-frequency time series measurements of the factors affected by thermogenesis: energy intake and energy expenditure. These indirect calorimetry systems generate a flood of raw data recording oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, physical activity, and food intake among other factors. Analysis of these data requires time-consuming manual manipulation for formatting, data cleaning, quality control, and visualization. Beyond data handling, analyses of indirect calorimetry experiments require specialized statistical treatment to account for differential contributions of fat mass and lean mass to metabolic rates.Here we describe how to use the software package CalR version 1.2, to analyze indirect calorimetry data from three examples of thermogenesis, cold exposure, adrenergic agonism, and hyperthyroidism in mice, by providing standardized methods for reproducible research. CalR is a free online tool with an easy-to-use graphical user interface to import data files from the Columbus Instruments' CLAMS, Sable Systems' Promethion, and TSE Systems' PhenoMaster. Once loaded, CalR can quickly visualize experimental results and perform basic statistical analyses. We present a framework that standardizes the data structures and analyses of indirect calorimetry experiments to provide reusable and reproducible methods for the physiological data affecting body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa D Cortopassi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deepti Ramachandran
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William B Rubio
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Hochbaum
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernardo L Sabatini
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander S Banks
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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30
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Wu D, Wang H, Xie L, Hu F. Cross-Talk Between Gut Microbiota and Adipose Tissues in Obesity and Related Metabolic Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:908868. [PMID: 35865314 PMCID: PMC9294175 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.908868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid increase of obesity and associated diseases has become a major global health problem. Adipose tissues are critical for whole-body homeostasis. The gut microbiota has been recognized as a significant environmental factor in the maintenance of energy homeostasis and host immunity. A growing body of evidence suggests that the gut microbiota regulates host metabolism through a close cross-talk with adipose tissues. It modulates energy expenditure and alleviates obesity by promoting energy expenditure, but it also produces specific metabolites and structural components that may act as the central factors in the pathogenesis of inflammation, insulin resistance, and obesity. Understanding the relationship between gut microbiota and adipose tissues may provide potential intervention strategies to treat obesity and associated diseases. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the gut microbiota and its actions on adipose tissues and highlight the joint actions of the gut microbiota and adipose tissue with each other in the regulation of energy metabolism.
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31
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Cheng L, Wang J, Dai H, Duan Y, An Y, Shi L, Lv Y, Li H, Wang C, Ma Q, Li Y, Li P, Du H, Zhao B. Brown and beige adipose tissue: a novel therapeutic strategy for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Adipocyte 2021; 10:48-65. [PMID: 33403891 PMCID: PMC7801117 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2020.1870060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian adipose tissue can be divided into two major types, namely, white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). According to classical view, the main function of WAT is to store excess energy in the form of triglycerides, while BAT is a thermogenic tissue that acts a pivotal part in maintaining the core body temperature. White adipocytes display high plasticity and can transdifferentiate into beige adipocytes which have many similar morphological and functional properties with brown adipocytes under the stimulations of exercise, cold exposure and other factors. This phenomenon is also known as 'browning of WAT'. In addition to transdifferentiation, beige adipocytes can also come from de novo differentiation from tissue-resident progenitors. Activating BAT and inducing browning of WAT can accelerate the intake of glycolipids and reduce the insulin secretion requirement, which may be a new strategy to improve glycolipids metabolism and insulin resistance of obese and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This review mainly discusses the significance of brown and beige adipose tissues in the treatment of obesity and T2DM, and focuses on the effect of the browning agent on obesity and T2DM, which provides a brand-new theoretical reference for the prevention and treatment of obesity and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Jingkang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Hongyu Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Yuhui Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Yongcheng An
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Yinglan Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Huimin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Quantao Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Yaqi Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Haifeng Du
- The Third Municipal Hospital of Chengde, Chengde, China
| | - Baosheng Zhao
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
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32
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Ma X, Yang Z, Xu T, Qian M, Jiang X, Zhan X, Han X. Chlortetracycline alters microbiota of gut or faeces in pigs and leads to accumulation and migration of antibiotic resistance genes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 796:148976. [PMID: 34273831 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of long-term use of chlortetracycline (CTC) on the gut microbiota composition and metabolism profiles in pigs, and the variation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and microbial communities in faeces and manure during aerobic composting (AC) and anaerobic digestion (AD). The pigs were fed the same basal diet supplemented with or without 75 mg/kg CTC, and fresh faeces of 30-, 60-, 90-, and 120-day-old pigs were collected from the CTC group. The results showed that CTC reduced the diversity of the gut microbiota significantly and changed its structure. Metabolomics analysis of intestinal contents revealed 23 differentially abundant metabolites, mainly organic acids, carbohydrates, and amino acids. Metabolic pathways, such as the TCA cycle, propionate metabolism, and pyruvate metabolism, were changed. From 30 to 120 days of age, the amount of CTC residues in faeces and the abundance of 3 tetracycline resistance genes increased significantly, and it was positively correlated with tetC, tetG, tetW, sul1 and intI2. CTC residue levels and ARGs abundance gradually decreased with fermentation time, and AC was better than AD at reducing ARGs abundance. The results suggest that in-feed CTC can reduce the diversity of the gut microbiota, change the structure, function and metabolism of the bacterial community, and increase the abundance of ARGs in faeces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiren Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Hainan, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengqi Qian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiuan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xinyan Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Hainan, China.
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33
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Zhao J, Liu S, Yan J, Zhu X. The Impact of Gut Microbiota on Post-Stroke Management. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:724376. [PMID: 34712621 PMCID: PMC8546011 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.724376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Zhao
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingyi Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xinzhou Zhu
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
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34
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Osada Y, Nakagawa S, Ishibe K, Takao S, Shimazaki A, Itohara K, Imai S, Yonezawa A, Nakagawa T, Matsubara K. Antibiotic-induced microbiome depletion alters renal glucose metabolism and exacerbates renal injury after ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F455-F465. [PMID: 34423680 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00111.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed the impact of antibiotic-induced microbiome depletion (AIMD) on host glucose homeostasis. The kidney has a critical role in systemic glucose homeostasis; however, information regarding the association between AIMD and renal glucose metabolism remains limited. Hence, we aimed to determine the effects of AIMD on renal glucose metabolism by inducing gut microbiome depletion using an antibiotic cocktail (ABX) composed of ampicillin, vancomycin, and levofloxacin in mice. The results showed that bacterial 16s rRNA expression, luminal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids and bile acids, and plasma glucose levels were significantly lower in ABX-treated mice than in vehicle-treated mice. In addition, ABX treatment significantly reduced renal glucose and pyruvate levels. mRNA expression levels of glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in the renal cortex were significantly higher in ABX-treated mice than in vehicle-treated mice. We further examined the impact of AIMD on the altered metabolic status in mice after ischemia-induced kidney injury. After exposure to ischemia for 60 min, renal pyruvate concentrations were significantly lower in ABX-treated mice than in vehicle-treated mice. ABX treatment caused a more severe tubular injury after ischemia-reperfusion. Our findings confirm that AIMD is associated with decreased pyruvate levels in the kidney, which may have been caused by the activation of renal gluconeogenesis. Thus, we hypothesized that AIMD would increase the vulnerability of the kidney to ischemia-reperfusion injury.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study aimed to determine the impact of antibiotic-induced microbiome depletion (AIMD) on renal glucose metabolism in mice. This is the first report confirming that AIMD is associated with decreased levels of pyruvate, a key intermediate in glucose metabolism, which may have been caused by activation of renal gluconeogenesis. We hypothesized that AIMD can increase the susceptibility of the kidney to ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuika Osada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shunsaku Nakagawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kanako Ishibe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shota Takao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Aimi Shimazaki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kotaro Itohara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Imai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yonezawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuo Matsubara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
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35
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Taylor SR, Ramsamooj S, Liang RJ, Katti A, Pozovskiy R, Vasan N, Hwang SK, Nahiyaan N, Francoeur NJ, Schatoff EM, Johnson JL, Shah MA, Dannenberg AJ, Sebra RP, Dow LE, Cantley LC, Rhee KY, Goncalves MD. Dietary fructose improves intestinal cell survival and nutrient absorption. Nature 2021; 597:263-267. [PMID: 34408323 PMCID: PMC8686685 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03827-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fructose consumption is linked to the rising incidence of obesity and cancer, which are two of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally1,2. Dietary fructose metabolism begins at the epithelium of the small intestine, where fructose is transported by glucose transporter type 5 (GLUT5; encoded by SLC2A5) and phosphorylated by ketohexokinase to form fructose 1-phosphate, which accumulates to high levels in the cell3,4. Although this pathway has been implicated in obesity and tumour promotion, the exact mechanism that drives these pathologies in the intestine remains unclear. Here we show that dietary fructose improves the survival of intestinal cells and increases intestinal villus length in several mouse models. The increase in villus length expands the surface area of the gut and increases nutrient absorption and adiposity in mice that are fed a high-fat diet. In hypoxic intestinal cells, fructose 1-phosphate inhibits the M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase to promote cell survival5-7. Genetic ablation of ketohexokinase or stimulation of pyruvate kinase prevents villus elongation and abolishes the nutrient absorption and tumour growth that are induced by feeding mice with high-fructose corn syrup. The ability of fructose to promote cell survival through an allosteric metabolite thus provides additional insights into the excess adiposity generated by a Western diet, and a compelling explanation for the promotion of tumour growth by high-fructose corn syrup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Taylor
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell-Rockefeller-Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD program, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shakti Ramsamooj
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roger J Liang
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alyna Katti
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rita Pozovskiy
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Neil Vasan
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Breast Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seo-Kyoung Hwang
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Navid Nahiyaan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nancy J Francoeur
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emma M Schatoff
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell-Rockefeller-Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD program, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jared L Johnson
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manish A Shah
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew J Dannenberg
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert P Sebra
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Sema4, Stamford, CT, USA
| | - Lukas E Dow
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyu Y Rhee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcus D Goncalves
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Al Rijjal D, Liu Y, Lai M, Song Y, Danaei Z, Wu A, Mohan H, Wei L, Schopfer FJ, Dai FF, Wheeler MB. Vascepa protects against high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and impaired β-cell function. iScience 2021; 24:102909. [PMID: 34458694 PMCID: PMC8379293 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acid prescription drugs, Vascepa (≥96% eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] ethyl ester) and Lovaza (46.5% EPA and 37.5% docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester) are known therapeutic regimens to treat hypertriglyceridemia. However, their impact on glucose homeostasis, progression to type 2 diabetes, and pancreatic beta cell function are not well understood. In the present study, mice were treated with Vascepa or Lovaza for one week prior to six weeks of high-fat diet feeding. Vascepa but not Lovaza led to reduced insulin resistance, reduced fasting insulin and glucose, and improved glucose intolerance. Vascepa improved beta cell function, reduced liver triglycerides with enhanced expression of hepatic fatty acid oxidation genes, and altered microbiota composition. Vascepa has protective effects on diet-induced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Al Rijjal
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Science Building Rm#3352, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Science Building Rm#3352, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Metabolism, Toronto General Research Institute, ON, Canada
| | - Mi Lai
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Science Building Rm#3352, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Metabolism, Toronto General Research Institute, ON, Canada
| | - Youchen Song
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Science Building Rm#3352, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Zahra Danaei
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Science Building Rm#3352, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Anne Wu
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Science Building Rm#3352, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Haneesha Mohan
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Science Building Rm#3352, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Francisco J. Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Feihan F. Dai
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Science Building Rm#3352, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Michael B. Wheeler
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Science Building Rm#3352, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Metabolism, Toronto General Research Institute, ON, Canada
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37
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Li M, Li L, Li B, Hambly C, Wang G, Wu Y, Jin Z, Wang A, Niu C, Wolfrum C, Speakman JR. Brown adipose tissue is the key depot for glucose clearance in microbiota depleted mice. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4725. [PMID: 34354051 PMCID: PMC8342435 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24659-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota deficient mice demonstrate accelerated glucose clearance. However, which tissues are responsible for the upregulated glucose uptake remains unresolved, with different studies suggesting that browning of white adipose tissue, or modulated hepatic gluconeogenesis, may be related to enhanced glucose clearance when the gut microbiota is absent. Here, we investigate glucose uptake in 22 different tissues in 3 different mouse models. We find that gut microbiota depletion via treatment with antibiotic cocktails (ABX) promotes glucose uptake in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and cecum. Nevertheless, the adaptive thermogenesis and the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) are dispensable for the increased glucose uptake and clearance. Deletion of Ucp1 expressing cells blunts the improvement of glucose clearance in ABX-treated mice. Our results indicate that BAT and cecum, but not white adipose tissue (WAT) or liver, contribute to the glucose uptake in the gut microbiota depleted mouse model and this response is dissociated from adaptive thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China ,grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland UK
| | - Li Li
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China ,grid.267313.20000 0000 9482 7121Hypothalamic Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Baoguo Li
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China ,grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Catherine Hambly
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland UK
| | - Guanlin Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China ,grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland UK
| | - Yingga Wu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China ,grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland UK
| | - Zengguang Jin
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Anyongqi Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chaoqun Niu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health and Department of Health Sciences and Technology (ETH), Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - John R. Speakman
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China ,grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland UK ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics (CCEAEG), Beijing, PR China ,grid.458489.c0000 0001 0483 7922Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, PR China
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Chau J, Zhang J. Tying Small Changes to Large Outcomes: The Cautious Promise in Incorporating the Microbiome into Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157900. [PMID: 34360663 PMCID: PMC8347117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the microbiome in immunology is a rapidly burgeoning topic of study. Given the increasing use of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in cancers, along with the recognition that carcinogenesis has been linked to dysregulations of the immune system, much attention is now directed at potentiation of ICI efficacy, as well as minimizing the incidence of treatment-associated immune-related adverse events (irAEs). We provide an overview of the major research establishing links between the microbiome to tumorigenesis, chemotherapy and radiation potentiation, and ICI efficacy and irAE development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Chau
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA;
| | - Jun Zhang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(913)-588-8150; Fax: +1-(913)-588-4085
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Surviving winter on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: Pikas suppress energy demands and exploit yak feces to survive winter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2100707118. [PMID: 34282012 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100707118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, with low precipitation, low oxygen partial pressure, and temperatures routinely dropping below -30 °C in winter, presents several physiological challenges to its fauna. Yet it is home to many endemic mammalian species, including the plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae). How these small animals that are incapable of hibernation survive the winter is an enigma. Measurements of daily energy expenditure (DEE) using the doubly labeled water method show that pikas suppress their DEE during winter. At the same body weight, pikas in winter expend 29.7% less than in summer, despite ambient temperatures being approximately 25 °C lower. Combined with resting metabolic rates (RMRs), this gives them an exceptionally low metabolic scope in winter (DEE/RMRt = 1.60 ± 0.30; RMRt is resting metabolic rate at thermoneutrality). Using implanted body temperature loggers and filming in the wild, we show that this is achieved by reducing body temperature and physical activity. Thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) measurements indicate this metabolic suppression is probably mediated via the thyroid axis. Winter activity was lower at sites where domestic yak (Bos grunniens) densities were higher. Pikas supplement their food intake at these sites by eating yak feces, demonstrated by direct observation, identification of yak DNA in pika stomach contents, and greater convergence in the yak/pika microbiotas in winter. This interspecific coprophagy allows pikas to thrive where yak are abundant and partially explains why pika densities are higher where domestic yak, their supposed direct competitors for food, are more abundant.
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40
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Khan S, Luck H, Winer S, Winer DA. Emerging concepts in intestinal immune control of obesity-related metabolic disease. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2598. [PMID: 33972511 PMCID: PMC8110751 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22727-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal immune system is an important modulator of glucose homeostasis and obesity-associated insulin resistance. Dietary factors, the intestinal microbiota and their metabolites shape intestinal immunity during obesity. The intestinal immune system in turn affects processes such as intestinal permeability, immune cell trafficking, and intestinal hormone availability, impacting systemic insulin resistance. Understanding these pathways might identify mechanisms underlying treatments for insulin resistance, such as metformin and bariatric surgery, or aid in developing new therapies and vaccination approaches. Here, we highlight evolving concepts centered on intestinal immunity, diet, and the microbiota to provide a working model of obesity-related metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Khan
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Helen Luck
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shawn Winer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel A Winer
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
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Liu J, Tan Y, Ao H, Feng W, Peng C. Aqueous extracts of Aconite promote thermogenesis in rats with hypothermia via regulating gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism. Chin Med 2021; 16:29. [PMID: 33741035 PMCID: PMC7980327 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00437-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intermittent or prolonged exposure to severe cold stress disturbs energy homeostasis and can lead to hypothermia, heart failure, Alzheimer’s disease, and so on. As the typical “hot” traditional Chinese medicine, Aconite has been widely used to treat cold-associated diseases for thousands of years, but its critical mechanisms for the promotion of thermogenesis are not fully resolved. Gut microbiota and its metabolites play a crucial role in maintaining energy homeostasis. Here, we investigated whether the aqueous extracts of Aconite (AA) can enhance thermogenesis through modulation of the composition and metabolism of gut microbiota in hypothermic rats. Methods The therapeutic effects of AA on body temperature, energy intake, and the histopathology of white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue of hypothermic rats were assessed. Microbiota analysis based on 16 S rRNA and targeted metabolomics for bile acids (BAs) were used to evaluate the composition of gut microbiota and BAs pool. The antibiotic cocktail treatment was adopted to further confirm the relationship between the gut microbiota and the thermogenesis-promoting effects of AA. Results Our results showed a sharp drop in rectal temperature and body surface temperature in hypothermic rats. Administration of AA can significantly increase core body temperature, surface body temperature, energy intake, browning of white adipose tissue, and thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue. Importantly, these ameliorative effects of AA were accompanied by the shift of the disturbed composition of gut microbiota toward a healthier profile and the increased levels of BAs. In addition, the depletion of gut microbiota and the reduction of BAs caused by antibiotic cocktails reduced the thermogenesis-promoting effect of AA. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that AA promoted thermogenesis in rats with hypothermia via regulating gut microbiota and BAs metabolism. Our findings can also provide a novel solution for the treatment of thermogenesis-associated diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China.,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuzhu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hui Ao
- National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wuwen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China. .,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China. .,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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42
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Lee SY, Yuk HG, Ko SG, Cho SG, Moon GS. Gut Microbiome Prolongs an Inhibitory Effect of Korean Red Ginseng on High-Fat-Diet-Induced Mouse Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030926. [PMID: 33809267 PMCID: PMC7999605 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the anti-obesity effect of Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) has been revealed, its underlying mechanisms are not clearly understood. Here, we demonstrate an involvement of gut microbiome in the inhibitory effect of Korean red ginseng on high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced mouse obesity, and further provides information on the effects of saponin-containing red ginseng extract (SGE) and saponin-depleted red ginseng extract (GE). Mice were fed with either SGE or GE every third day for one month, and their food intakes, fat weights, plasma glucose, and insulin and leptin levels were measured. Immunofluorescence assays were conducted to measure pancreatic islet size. Stools from the mice were subjected to metagenomic analysis. Both SGE and GE attenuated HFD-induced gain of body weight, reducing HFD-induced increase of food intakes and fat weights. They also reduced HFD-increased plasma glucose, insulin, and leptin levels, decreased both fasting and postprandial glucose concentrations, and improved both insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Immunofluorescence assays revealed that they blocked HFD-induced increase of pancreatic islet size. Our pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V3 region from stools revealed that both SGE and GE modulated HFD-altered composition of gut microbiota. Therefore, we conclude that Korean red ginseng inhibits HFD-induced obesity and diabetes by altering gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Yeon Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea; (S.Y.L.); (S.G.K.)
| | - Hyun Gyun Yuk
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Korea National University of Transportation, 61 Daehak-ro, Jeungpyeong, Chungbuk 27909, Korea;
| | - Seong Gyu Ko
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea; (S.Y.L.); (S.G.K.)
| | - Sung-Gook Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, 61 Daehak-ro, Jeungpyeong, Chungbuk 27909, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-G.C.); (G.-S.M.); Tel.: +82-43-820-5254 (S.-G.C.); +82-43-820-5272 (G.-S.M.)
| | - Gi-Seong Moon
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, 61 Daehak-ro, Jeungpyeong, Chungbuk 27909, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-G.C.); (G.-S.M.); Tel.: +82-43-820-5254 (S.-G.C.); +82-43-820-5272 (G.-S.M.)
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43
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Yu B, Liu J, Cheng J, Zhang L, Song C, Tian X, Fan Y, Lv Y, Zhang X. A Static Magnetic Field Improves Iron Metabolism and Prevents High-Fat-Diet/Streptozocin-Induced Diabetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2:100077. [PMID: 34557734 PMCID: PMC8454665 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder with high prevalence and severe complications that has recently been indicated to be treatable by a combined static magnetic field (SMF) and electric field. We systematically compared four types of SMFs and found that a downward SMF of ∼100 mT could effectively reduce the development of hyperglycemia, fatty liver, weight gain, and tissue injury in high-fat-diet (HFD)/streptozocin-induced T2D mice, but not the upward SMF. The downward SMF markedly restored the Bacteroidetes population and reversed the iron complex outer membrane receptor gene reduction in the mice gut microbiota, and reduced iron deposition in the pancreas. SMF also reduced the labile iron and reactive oxygen species level in pancreatic Min6 cells in vitro and prevented palmitate-induced Min6 cell number reduction. Therefore, this simple SMF setting could partially prevent HFD-induced T2D development and ameliorate related symptoms, which could provide a low-cost and non-invasive physical method to prevent and/or treat T2D in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Yu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China.,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Jing Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Chao Song
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China.,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Tian
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China.,Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Yixiang Fan
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China.,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Yue Lv
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China.,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China.,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China.,Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
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44
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Muller PA, Matheis F, Schneeberger M, Kerner Z, Jové V, Mucida D. Microbiota-modulated CART + enteric neurons autonomously regulate blood glucose. Science 2020; 370:314-321. [PMID: 32855216 PMCID: PMC7886298 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd6176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota affects tissue physiology, metabolism, and function of both the immune and nervous systems. We found that intrinsic enteric-associated neurons (iEANs) in mice are functionally adapted to the intestinal segment they occupy; ileal and colonic neurons are more responsive to microbial colonization than duodenal neurons. Specifically, a microbially responsive subset of viscerofugal CART+ neurons, enriched in the ileum and colon, modulated feeding and glucose metabolism. These CART+ neurons send axons to the prevertebral ganglia and are polysynaptically connected to the liver and pancreas. Microbiota depletion led to NLRP6- and caspase 11-dependent loss of CART+ neurons and impaired glucose regulation. Hence, iEAN subsets appear to be capable of regulating blood glucose levels independently from the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Muller
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Fanny Matheis
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc Schneeberger
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zachary Kerner
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Veronica Jové
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Behavior, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Mucida
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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45
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Abstract
Observational findings achieved during the past two decades suggest that the intestinal microbiota may contribute to the metabolic health of the human host and, when aberrant, to the pathogenesis of various common metabolic disorders including obesity, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic liver disease, cardio-metabolic diseases and malnutrition. However, to gain a mechanistic understanding of how the gut microbiota affects host metabolism, research is moving from descriptive microbiota census analyses to cause-and-effect studies. Joint analyses of high-throughput human multi-omics data, including metagenomics and metabolomics data, together with measures of host physiology and mechanistic experiments in humans, animals and cells hold potential as initial steps in the identification of potential molecular mechanisms behind reported associations. In this Review, we discuss the current knowledge on how gut microbiota and derived microbial compounds may link to metabolism of the healthy host or to the pathogenesis of common metabolic diseases. We highlight examples of microbiota-targeted interventions aiming to optimize metabolic health, and we provide perspectives for future basic and translational investigations within the nascent and promising research field.
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46
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Corrigan JK, Ramachandran D, He Y, Palmer CJ, Jurczak MJ, Chen R, Li B, Friedline RH, Kim JK, Ramsey JJ, Lantier L, McGuinness OP, Banks AS. A big-data approach to understanding metabolic rate and response to obesity in laboratory mice. eLife 2020; 9:e53560. [PMID: 32356724 PMCID: PMC7274785 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining a healthy body weight requires an exquisite balance between energy intake and energy expenditure. To understand the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the regulation of body weight, an important first step is to establish the normal range of metabolic values and primary sources contributing to variability. Energy metabolism is measured by powerful and sensitive indirect calorimetry devices. Analysis of nearly 10,000 wild-type mice from two large-scale experiments revealed that the largest variation in energy expenditure is due to body composition, ambient temperature, and institutional site of experimentation. We also analyze variation in 2329 knockout strains and establish a reference for the magnitude of metabolic changes. Based on these findings, we provide suggestions for how best to design and conduct energy balance experiments in rodents. These recommendations will move us closer to the goal of a centralized physiological repository to foster transparency, rigor and reproducibility in metabolic physiology experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- June K Corrigan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Deepti Ramachandran
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Yuchen He
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Colin J Palmer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Michael J Jurczak
- Division of Endocrinology, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
| | - Bingshan Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
| | - Randall H Friedline
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Jason K Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Jon J Ramsey
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Louise Lantier
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
| | - Owen P McGuinness
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
| | - Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center Energy Balance Working Group
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Division of Endocrinology, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Alexander S Banks
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
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47
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Abstract
The gut microbiota plays an important role for the absorption of nutrients and the maintenance of metabolism, potentially impacting the development of human metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Krisko et al. (2020) demonstrate that the gut microbiota regulates glucose homeostasis solely via hepatic gluconeogenesis and not via thermogenic adipose tissue as suggested previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jastroch
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Siegfried Ussar
- RG Adipocytes & Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes & Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Keipert
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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