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Yoneda T, Pauly T, Ram N, Kolodziejczak-Krupp K, Ashe MC, Madden K, Drewelies J, Gerstorf D, Hoppmann CA. "What's yours is mine": Partners' everyday emotional experiences and cortisol in older adult couples. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 167:107118. [PMID: 38954980 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The existing literature consistently finds that emotional experiences and cortisol secretion are linked at the within-person level. Further, relationship partners tend to covary in emotional experience, and in cortisol secretion. However, we are only beginning to understand whether and how an individuals' emotions are linked to their relationship partners' cortisol secretion. In this project, we harmonized data from three intensive measurement studies originating from Canada and Germany to investigate the daily dynamics of emotions and cortisol within 321 older adult couples (age range=56-87 years). Three-level multilevel models accounted for the nested structure of the data (repeated assessments within individuals within couples). Actor-Partner Interdependence Models were used to examine the effect of own emotional experiences (actor effects) and partner emotional experiences (partner effects) on momentary and daily cortisol secretion. Adjusting for age, sex, education, comorbidities, assay version, diurnal cortisol rhythm, time spent together, medication, and time-varying behaviors that may increase cortisol secretion, results suggest that higher relationship partner's positive emotions are linked with lower momentary cortisol and total daily cortisol. Further, this association was stronger for older participants and those who reported higher relationship satisfaction. We did not find within-couple links between negative emotions and cortisol. Overall, our results suggest that one's relationship partner's positive emotional experience may be a protective factor for their physiological responding, and that these more fleeting and day-to-day fluctuations may accumulate over time, contributing to overall relationship satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomiko Yoneda
- Department of Psychology, University of California Davis, Davis, USA.
| | - Theresa Pauly
- Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nilam Ram
- Departments of Psychology and Communication, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | | | - Maureen C Ashe
- Department of Family Practice, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kenneth Madden
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Johanna Drewelies
- Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychology, Humboldt Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Denis Gerstorf
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Bowen HJ, Madan CR. Untangling the threads of motivated memory: Independent influences of reward and emotion. Psychon Bull Rev 2024:10.3758/s13423-024-02546-9. [PMID: 39085568 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02546-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Motivational and emotional influences on memory have been studied extensively; however, despite the link between these constructs, they have been studied in separate lines of research, with very little work examining their effects concurrently. The current study takes a novel approach to manipulate motivational and emotional influences orthogonally, and within the same task, to test their interplay on intentional memory formation. If emotion and reward motivation are tightly linked, they may rely on overlapping cognitive mechanisms, thus we would not expect emotion and reward to interact in memory. Alternatively, they could be distinct constructs and therefore would boost memory when both are included in the same experimental trial, above and beyond additive effects. To test these competing predictions, in Experiment 1, participants (n = 180) completed an old/new recognition memory task with emotional (negative, positive) and neutral words intentionally encoded with high or low reward anticipation cues. In Experiment 2, participants (n = 159) encoded emotional and neutral words with a high or low reward cue, but memory was tested with free recall using study-test blocks. The findings from both experiments converged. There were main effects of emotion and reward in generally hypothesized directions, but no evidence of an interaction between these factors. This is in line with the prediction that emotion and reward motivation are similar constructs. Their combination within a trial does not boost memory above and beyond either of these factors alone perhaps indicating these constructs have similar cognitive mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly J Bowen
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, PO Box 750442, Dallas, TX, 75275-0442, USA.
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3
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Ader L, Schick A, Vaessen T, Morgan C, Kempton MJ, Valmaggia L, McGuire P, Myin-Germeys I, Lafit G, Reininghaus U. The Role of Childhood Trauma in Affective Stress Recovery in Early Psychosis: An Experience Sampling Study. Schizophr Bull 2024; 50:891-902. [PMID: 38366989 PMCID: PMC11283188 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESES Affective recovery, operationalized as the time needed for affect to return to baseline levels after daily stressors, may be a putative momentary representation of resilience. This study aimed to investigate affective recovery in positive and negative affect across subclinical and clinical stages of psychosis and whether this is associated with exposure to childhood trauma (sexual, physical, and emotional abuse). STUDY DESIGN We used survival analysis to predict the time-to-recovery from a daily event-related stressor in a pooled sample of 3 previously conducted experience sampling studies including 113 individuals with first-episode psychosis, 162 at-risk individuals, and 94 controls. STUDY RESULTS Negative affective recovery (ie, return to baseline following an increase in negative affect) was longer in individuals with first-episode psychosis compared with controls (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI; 1.03, 2.61], P = .04) and in at-risk individuals exposed to high vs low levels of emotional abuse (HR = 1.31, 95% CI [1.06, 1.62], P = .01). Positive affective recovery (ie, return to baseline following a decrease in positive affect) did not differ between groups and was not associated with childhood trauma. CONCLUSIONS Our results give first indications that negative affective recovery may be a putative momentary representation of resilience across stages of psychosis and may be amplified in at-risk individuals with prior experiences of emotional abuse. Understanding how affective recovery contributes to the development of psychosis may help identify new targets for prevention and intervention to buffer risk or foster resilience in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Ader
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anita Schick
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Vaessen
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Psychology, Health & Technology, Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences (BMS), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosciences, Mind Body Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Craig Morgan
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew J Kempton
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Lucia Valmaggia
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ginette Lafit
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, Faculty of Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King’s College London, London, UK
- Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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4
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Morganti F. Longevity as a Responsibility: Constructing Healthy Aging by Enacting within Contexts over the Entire Lifespan. Geriatrics (Basel) 2024; 9:93. [PMID: 39051257 PMCID: PMC11270264 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics9040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Studying aging now requires going beyond the bio-psycho-social model and incorporating a broader multidisciplinary view capable of capturing the ultimate complexity of being human that is expressed as individuals age. Current demographic trends and the lengthening of life expectancies allow the observation of long-lived individuals in full health. These super-agers are no longer an exception. Indeed, individuals can have a good quality of life even over age 70 and living with chronic or neurodegenerative diseases. This change is driven in part by the cohort effect observed in people who are about to age today (e.g., better schooling, more advanced health conditions, and technologization) but more so by the gradual overcoming of ageist views. An aged person is no longer seen as a quitter but rather as one empowered to direct their own trajectory of potentially healthy longevity. According to this vision, this article proposes a situated lifespan perspective for the study of aging that integrates pedagogical models of developmental ecology with psychological theories of optimal experience to understand the individual motivational perspective on aging. At the same time, it does not disregard analyzing the daily and cultural contexts in which everyone situates and that guide aging trajectories. Nor does it forget that aging people are body-mind (embodied) organisms that, with contexts and through motivations, seize opportunities for action (affordances) to evolve in an optimal way during their lifespan. This theoretical reflection sheds new light on the aging process and on future trends in healthy longevity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Morganti
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, I-24129 Bergamo, Italy; or ; Tel.: +39-035-2052060
- CHL—Centre for Healthy Longevity, University of Bergamo, I-24129 Bergamo, Italy
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Witzel DD, Cerino ES, Turner SG, Stawski RS, Mejia ST, Hooker K. 'With or without you': associations between noteworthy events and cognitive complaints across 100 days. Aging Ment Health 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38835228 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2024.2361723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Daily noteworthy events have implications for physical and mental health, but less is known about the role daily events have for self-reported cognition and whether the involvement of close social partners differentiates these associations. The current study examined how daily positive and negative noteworthy events relate to subjective memory and attentional difficulties and whether close social partners moderated associations. METHOD We used data from a 100-day microlongitudinal web-based study of 104 older adults (Nobservations=7,051; Mage=63.13 years, SDage=7.81, 88.46% Female). Participants reported on exposure to and valence of noteworthy events, involvement of close social partners, and subjective cognitive complaints at the end of each day. RESULTS Logistic multilevel models revealed that days with a negative event were associated with increased odds of forgetting something and trouble concentrating whereas days with positive events were associated with decreased odds of trouble concentrating. Close social partner involvement did not moderate within-person associations. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that day-to-day events are correlates of cognitive complaints regardless of close social partner involvement in the events. Research should clarify the role of daily positive and negative events in personalized interventions and determine whether this person-centered approach to self-reported cognitive health helps inform diagnostic practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakota D Witzel
- Center for Healthy Aging, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Eric S Cerino
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Shelbie G Turner
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert S Stawski
- Institute of Public Health and Wellbeing, and School of Health and Social Care, University of Essex, Essex, UK
| | - Shannon T Mejia
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Karen Hooker
- College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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Viher PV, Seitz-Holland J, Schulz MS, Kensinger EA, Karmacharya S, Swisher T, Lyall AE, Makris N, Bouix S, Shenton ME, Kubicki M, Waldinger RJ. More organized white matter is associated with positivity bias in older adults. Brain Imaging Behav 2024; 18:555-565. [PMID: 38270836 PMCID: PMC11222031 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-024-00850-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
On average, healthy older adults prefer positive over neutral or negative stimuli. This positivity bias is related to memory and attention processes and is linked to the function and structure of several interconnected brain areas. However, the relationship between the positivity bias and white matter integrity remains elusive. The present study examines how white matter organization relates to the degree of the positivity bias among older adults. We collected imaging and behavioral data from 25 individuals (12 females, 13 males, and a mean age of 77.32). Based on a functional memory task, we calculated a Pos-Neg score, reflecting the memory for positively valenced information over negative information, and a Pos-Neu score, reflecting the memory for positively valenced information over neutral information. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging data were processed using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics. We performed two non-parametric permutation tests to correlate whole brain white matter integrity and the Pos-Neg and Pos-Neu scores while controlling for age, sex, and years of education. We observed a statistically significant positive association between the Pos-Neu score and white matter integrity in multiple brain connections, mostly frontal. The results did not remain significant when including verbal episodic memory as an additional covariate. Our study indicates that the positivity bias in memory in older adults is associated with more organized white matter in the connections of the frontal brain. While these frontal areas are critical for memory and executive processes and have been related to pathological aging, more extensive studies are needed to fully understand their role in the positivity bias and the potential for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra V Viher
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Johanna Seitz-Holland
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Marc S Schulz
- Department of Psychology, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, PA, USA
| | | | - Sarina Karmacharya
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Talis Swisher
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda E Lyall
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Nikos Makris
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marek Kubicki
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Robert J Waldinger
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Reed RG, Hillmann AR, Presnell SR, Al-Attar A, Lutz CT, Segerstrom SC. Lifespan Socioeconomic Context Is Associated With Cytomegalovirus and Late-Differentiated CD8 + T and Natural Killer Cells: Initial Results in Older Adults. Psychosom Med 2024; 86:443-452. [PMID: 37982534 PMCID: PMC11096264 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lower socioeconomic status (SES) can accelerate immune aging; however, it is unknown whether and how lifespan socioeconomic context (SEC)-the relative wealth and quality of the communities an individual lives in across their lifespan-impacts immune aging. We examined the effects of childhood and adulthood SEC on late-differentiated immune cells and investigated the mediating and moderating role of cytomegalovirus (CMV), a key driver of immune aging. METHODS Adults 60 years and older ( N = 109) reported their addresses from birth to age 60 years, which were coded for county-level employment, education, and income to construct a latent SEC variable, averaged across ages 0 to 18 years (childhood SEC) and 19 to 60 years (adulthood SEC). Blood was drawn semiannually for 5 years for CMV serostatus and flow cytometry estimates of late-differentiated CD8 + T and natural killer cells. Models were adjusted for chronological age, time, sex, and individual SES (current income and education). RESULTS Lower childhood SEC was associated with higher percentages of late-differentiated CD8 + T and natural killer cells via CMV seropositivity (indirect effects, p values = .015-.028). In addition, an interaction between CMV serostatus and SEC on CD8 + T-cell aging ( p = .049) demonstrated that adulthood SEC was negatively associated with immune aging among CMV- but not CMV+ adults. CONCLUSIONS Beyond current SES, SEC related to immune aging in distinct patterns by lifespan phase. Lower childhood SEC importantly may influence who acquires CMV, which in turn predicts higher levels of immune aging, whereas higher adulthood SEC was protective against immune aging among CMV- older adults. These initial results need to be explored in larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steven R. Presnell
- Departments of Chemistry and of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky
| | - Ahmad Al-Attar
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center
| | - Charles T. Lutz
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics and of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky
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Schrimpf A, Scheiwe E, Bleckwenn M. Insights from end-of-career general practitioners on changing working conditions and generational differences: considerations for future strategies. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2024; 25:171. [PMID: 38762452 PMCID: PMC11102275 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-024-02419-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The landscape of general practice has experienced notable transformations in recent decades, profoundly influencing the working conditions of general practitioners (GPs). This study aimed to examine the most salient changes affecting GPs' daily practices. Through semi-structured qualitative interviews with 15 end-of-career GPs, the study explored how these changes affected work organization, equipment, working hours, work-life balance, job satisfaction, training, patient relationships, and reputation. The interviews revealed that these changes were perceived as barriers, opportunities, or a complex interplay of both for general practice. While the interviewed GPs valued technological advancements and reported positive developments in working conditions, challenges included a gradual reduction in the range of tasks, growing administrative burdens, and less practical training for young physicians. Other changes, such as new doctor-patient dynamics, the transition from single to group practice, and differing professional expectations of the younger generation, were seen as both challenging and strengthening for general practice. By combining these factors and trade-offs observed by end-of-career GPs in our study over the past few decades with general societal changes, we provide ideas for the design of future framework conditions in general practice that might enhance the attractiveness of the profession. These insights offer key considerations that can guide future strategies for general practice and medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Schrimpf
- Institute for General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 55, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth Scheiwe
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Bleckwenn
- Institute for General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 55, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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9
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Geschke K, Wuttke A. [Positive aging-How does it work? : Contribution of resilience to the prevention of depressive disorders in old age]. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 57:179-185. [PMID: 38634908 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-024-02296-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the prevalence of depressive disorders in old age is high, many older people succeed in staying healthy despite age-related stressors. The individual resilience or mental power of resistance can explain these differences. OBJECTIVE It is shown how resilience factors or strategies of healthy aging can be used for the primary prevention of depressive disorders in old age. MATERIAL AND METHODS The article summarizes the practically relevant age-specific aspects of resilience obtained through a narrative literature search and evaluates the relevant state of knowledge, also with respect to the consecutive development of primary preventive measures to avoid depressive disorders. RESULTS Individual psychological strategies for promoting resilience include "stay active", and "mindfulness towards positive things", social strategies "remain socially connected" and "acceptance of support options". In addition to this individual level, which aims at every single person, the social dimension of resilience also includes strategies that start at the social level. Above all, this includes the esteem of older people in society as well as improved opportunities for participation. CONCLUSION Age-specific aspects of resilience can be specifically used for the prevention of depressive disorders in old age. They enable a framework to establish resource-promoting and activating interventions, to counteract the deficit perspective on ageing. At the same time, there are clear limits to individual prevention and resilience. The responsibility cannot be seen solely for each individual but above all social structures and framework conditions must enable successful implementation in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Geschke
- Zentrale Forschungseinheit für psychische Gesundheit im Alter, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Deutschland.
| | - Alexandra Wuttke
- Zentrale Forschungseinheit für psychische Gesundheit im Alter, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Deutschland
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Zentrum für psychische Gesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Deutschland
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10
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Jonauskaite D, Epicoco D, Al-Rasheed AS, Aruta JJBR, Bogushevskaya V, Brederoo SG, Corona V, Fomins S, Gizdic A, Griber YA, Havelka J, Hirnstein M, John G, Jopp DS, Karlsson B, Konstantinou N, Laurent É, Marquardt L, Mefoh PC, Oberfeld D, Papadatou-Pastou M, Perchtold-Stefan CM, Spagnulo GFM, Sultanova A, Tanaka T, Tengco-Pacquing MC, Uusküla M, Wąsowicz G, Mohr C. A comparative analysis of colour-emotion associations in 16-88-year-old adults from 31 countries. Br J Psychol 2024; 115:275-305. [PMID: 38041610 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
As people age, they tend to spend more time indoors, and the colours in their surroundings may significantly impact their mood and overall well-being. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence to provide informed guidance on colour choices, irrespective of age group. To work towards informed choices, we investigated whether the associations between colours and emotions observed in younger individuals also apply to older adults. We recruited 7393 participants, aged between 16 and 88 years and coming from 31 countries. Each participant associated 12 colour terms with 20 emotion concepts and rated the intensity of each associated emotion. Different age groups exhibited highly similar patterns of colour-emotion associations (average similarity coefficient of .97), with subtle yet meaningful age-related differences. Adolescents associated the greatest number but the least positively biased emotions with colours. Older participants associated a smaller number but more intense and more positive emotions with all colour terms, displaying a positivity effect. Age also predicted arousal and power biases, varying by colour. Findings suggest parallels in colour-emotion associations between younger and older adults, with subtle but significant age-related variations. Future studies should next assess whether colour-emotion associations reflect what people actually feel when exposed to colour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domicele Jonauskaite
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Déborah Epicoco
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Sanne G Brederoo
- University Center for Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Violeta Corona
- School of Economics and Business Administration, Universidad Panamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
- Business Management Department, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergejs Fomins
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Physics, Mathematics and Optometry, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Alena Gizdic
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yulia A Griber
- Department of Sociology and Philosophy, Smolensk State University, Smolensk, Russia
| | | | - Marco Hirnstein
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - George John
- Department of Biotechnology, Government of India (formerly), New Delhi, India
| | - Daniela S Jopp
- Institute of Psychology and LIVES Center of Competence, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bodil Karlsson
- Division Built Environment, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nikos Konstantinou
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Éric Laurent
- Laboratoire de recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et psychologie Cognitive (LINC), Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Lynn Marquardt
- Section for Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Philip C Mefoh
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Daniel Oberfeld
- Institute of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Takumi Tanaka
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology and Faculty of Letters, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Mari Uusküla
- School of Humanities, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Grażyna Wąsowicz
- Department of Economic Psychology, Kozminski University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Christine Mohr
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Di Crosta A, La Malva P, Ceccato I, Prete G, Mammarella N, Di Domenico A, Palumbo R. Age-related differences on temporal source memory by using dynamic stimuli: the effects of POV and emotional valence. Cogn Emot 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38626112 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2342384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have highlighted that temporal source memory can be influenced by factors such as the individual's age and the emotional valence of the event to be remembered. In this study, we investigated how the different points of view (POVs) from which an event is presented could interact with the relationship between age-related differences and emotional valence on temporal source memory. One hundred and forty-one younger adults (aged 18-30) and 90 older adults (aged 65-74) were presented with a series of emotional videos shot from different POVs (first vs. third-person) in three sessions. In the fourth session, participants were asked to indicate in which session (1, 2, or 3) they viewed each video. The results indicated that the first-person POV amplified the effects of the emotional valence on temporal source memory. Only in this experimental condition, older adults "pushed away" negative stimuli by perceiving them as more distant in time, and "kept closer" positive stimuli by perceiving them as more recent. In comparison, younger adults "kept closer" positive stimuli. These findings add to the existing literature on the positivity effect on temporal source memory and highlighted the importance of considering the POV in relation to the emotional valence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Di Crosta
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Pasquale La Malva
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Irene Ceccato
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giulia Prete
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nicola Mammarella
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alberto Di Domenico
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rocco Palumbo
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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12
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Seiter CR, Zhao X, Rossheim ME. Valence of YouTube Comments and College Student Reactions Towards Electronic Nicotine Product Counter-Marketing Messages. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 39:592-602. [PMID: 36794383 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2177795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Advertisements promoting and discouraging electronic nicotine products (ENPs) are widespread on social media. User interaction is a hallmark feature of social media sites. This study examined how user-comment valence (i.e. positive versus negative comments) influences attitudes toward counter-marketing ads, and determinants of ENP abstinence according to the theory of planned behavior (TPB). College students were randomly assigned to one of three conditions, a positive comment condition (n = 121), in which they were shown a YouTube comment section with eight positive comments and two negative comments; a negative comment condition (n = 126), in which they were shown a YouTube comment section with eight negative and two positive comments; and a control condition (n = 128). Then, all groups were shown a YouTube video advocating for ENP abstinence and completed measures about their attitudes toward the ad (Aad), attitudes toward ENP abstinence, injunctive and descriptive norms about ENP abstinence, perceived behavioral control (PBC) toward ENP abstinence, and intention to abstain from ENPs. Results indicated that exposure to negative comments yielded significantly less favorable Aad when compared to the positive condition, but no difference in Aad was observed between the negative and control conditions, or between the positive and control conditions. Further, there were no differences for any determinants of ENP abstinence. Additionally, Aad mediated the effects of negative comments on attitudes toward ENP abstinence, injunctive norms and descriptive norms about ENP abstinence, and behavioral intention. Findings indicate that negative user comments depress attitudes toward counter-persuasion ads targeting ENP use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian R Seiter
- Department of Human Communication Studies, California State University, Fullerton
| | - Xiaoquan Zhao
- Department of Communication, George Mason University
| | - Matthew E Rossheim
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center
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13
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Weissberger GH, Bergman YS. Reflective Functioning and Financial Exploitation Vulnerability in Older Adults: The Importance of Significant Others. Clin Gerontol 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38389427 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2024.2320921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Financial exploitation of older adults results in devastating economic, social, and psychological losses to older adults, their families, and society at large. This study examined the relationship between reflective functioning and financial exploitation vulnerability (FEV) and whether relationship status moderated the association. METHODS A community-based sample of 156 Israeli older adults age 60 and over responded to demographic questions and questionnaires assessing reflective functioning and FEV. RESULTS A hierarchical linear regression analysis covarying for age, sex, education, income, and sum of illnesses, revealed that higher reflective functioning was associated with lower FEV (p = .011). A main effect of relationship status was not found, but a significant interaction of reflective functioning × relationship status was discovered (p = .008), adding 4.2% to the total variance of the model. Probing the interaction revealed that the reflective functioning-FEV association was significant only for older adults not in a relationship. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that low reflective functioning may be associated with increased risk of financial exploitation, specifically in certain populations of older adults. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Care providers of older adults may consider assessing for, and identifying older adults with low reflective functioning, in order to prevent or intervene in the event of a potentially exploitative situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gali H Weissberger
- Department of Social and Health Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Yoav S Bergman
- Faculty of Social Work, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon, Israel
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14
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Li Y, Wang J, Liang J, Zhu C, Zhang Z, Luo W. The impact of degraded vision on emotional perception of audiovisual stimuli: An event-related potential study. Neuropsychologia 2024; 194:108785. [PMID: 38159799 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Emotion recognition will be challenged for individuals when visual signals are degraded in real-life scenarios. Recently, researchers have conducted many studies on the distinct neural activity between clear and degraded audiovisual stimuli. These findings addressed the "how" question, but the precise stage of the distinct activity that occurred remains unknown. Therefore, it is crucial to use event-related potential (ERP) to explore the "when" question, just the time course of the neural activity of degraded audiovisual stimuli. In the present research, we established two conditions: clear auditory + degraded visual (AcVd) and clear auditory + clear visual (AcVc) multisensory conditions. We enlisted 31 participants to evaluate the emotional valence of audiovisual stimuli. The resulting data were analyzed using ERP in time domains and Microstate analysis. Current results suggest that degraded vision impairs the early-stage processing of audiovisual stimuli, with the superior parietal lobule (SPL) regulating audiovisual processing in a top-down fashion. Additionally, our findings indicate that negative and positive stimuli elicit greater EPN compared to neutral stimuli, pointing towards a subjective motivation-related attentional regulation. To sum up, in the early stage of emotional audiovisual processing, the degraded visual signal affected the perception of the physical attributes of audiovisual stimuli and had a further influence on emotion extraction processing, leading to the different regulation of top-down attention resources in the later stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Li
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Institute of Psychology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 216053, China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Dalian, 116029, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Dalian, 116029, China
| | - Junyu Liang
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Dalian, 116029, China
| | - Chuanlin Zhu
- School of Educational Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China.
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Institute of Psychology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 216053, China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Dalian, 116029, China.
| | - Wenbo Luo
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Dalian, 116029, China.
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15
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Castel AD. Memory selectivity in older age. Curr Opin Psychol 2024; 55:101744. [PMID: 38043146 PMCID: PMC10842126 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Memory often declines with age, but older adults can off-set memory challenges by selectively remembering important information. When encountering large amounts of information and knowing that memory is limited, older adults may choose to focus on what is most important and forget less relevant details. Prioritizing what to remember becomes essential when memory is limited, and influences what information can be off-loaded. While forgetting can be frustrating and consequential, a lifetime of these experiences may help older adults learn to focus on strategically remembering important information and life events. Curiosity and emotion may also guide what older adults remember, such that selective remembering can be an adaptive way to use memory efficiently in older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Castel
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1285 Psychology Building, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA.
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16
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Niu X, Utayde MF, Sanders KEG, Denis D, Kensinger EA, Payne JD. Age-related positivity effect in emotional memory consolidation from middle age to late adulthood. Front Behav Neurosci 2024; 18:1342589. [PMID: 38328467 PMCID: PMC10847278 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1342589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background While younger adults are more likely to attend to, process, and remember negative relative to positive information, healthy older adults show the opposite pattern. The current study evaluates when, exactly, this positivity shift begins, and how it influences memory performance for positive, negative, and neutral information. Methods A total of 274 healthy early middle-aged (35-47), late middle-aged (48-59), and older adults (>59) viewed scenes consisting of a negative, positive, or a neutral object placed on a plausible neutral background, and rated each scene for its valence and arousal. After 12 h spanning a night of sleep (n = 137) or a day of wakefulness (n = 137), participants completed an unexpected memory test during which they were shown objects and backgrounds separately and indicated whether the scene component was the "same," "similar," or "new" to what they viewed during the study session. Results and conclusions We found that both late middle-aged and older adults rated positive and neutral scenes more positively compared to early middle-aged adults. However, only older adults showed better memory for positive objects relative to negative objects, and a greater positive memory trade-off magnitude (i.e., remembering positive objects at the cost of their associated neutral backgrounds) than negative memory trade-off magnitude (i.e., remembering negative objects at the cost of their associated neutral backgrounds). Our findings suggest that while the positivity bias may not emerge in memory until older adulthood, a shift toward positivity in terms of processing may begin in middle age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Niu
- Sleep, Stress, and Memory Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Mia F. Utayde
- Sleep, Stress, and Memory Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Kristin E. G. Sanders
- Sleep, Stress, and Memory Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Dan Denis
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A. Kensinger
- Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Jessica D. Payne
- Sleep, Stress, and Memory Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
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17
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East K, Taylor E, Simonavičius E, Nottage M, Reid JL, Burkhalter R, Brose L, Wackowski OA, Liber AC, McNeill A, Hammond D. Noticing education campaigns or public health messages about vaping among youth in the United States, Canada and England from 2018 to 2022. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2024; 39:12-28. [PMID: 38165724 PMCID: PMC10805379 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Public health campaigns have the potential to correct vaping misperceptions. However, campaigns highlighting vaping harms to youth may increase misperceptions that vaping is equally/more harmful than smoking. Vaping campaigns have been implemented in the United States and Canada since 2018 and in England since 2017 but with differing focus: youth vaping prevention (United States/Canada) and smoking cessation (England). We therefore examined country differences and trends in noticing vaping campaigns among youth and, using 2022 data only, perceived valence of campaigns and associations with harm perceptions. Seven repeated cross-sectional surveys of 16-19 year-olds in United States, Canada and England (2018-2022, n = 92 339). Over half of youth reported noticing vaping campaigns, and noticing increased from August 2018 to February 2020 (United States: 55.2% to 74.6%, AOR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.18-1.24; Canada: 52.6% to 64.5%, AOR = 1.13, 1.11-1.16; England: 48.0% to 53.0%, AOR = 1.05, 1.02-1.08) before decreasing (Canada) or plateauing (England/United States) to August 2022. Increases were most pronounced in the United States, then Canada. Noticing was most common on websites/social media, school and television/radio. In 2022 only, most campaigns were perceived to negatively portray vaping and this was associated with accurately perceiving vaping as less harmful than smoking among youth who exclusively vaped (AOR = 1.46, 1.09-1.97). Consistent with implementation of youth vaping prevention campaigns in the United States and Canada, most youth reported noticing vaping campaigns/messages, and most were perceived to negatively portray vaping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine East
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Addictions Sciences Building, 4 Windsor Walk, London SE5 8BB, UK
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Eve Taylor
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Addictions Sciences Building, 4 Windsor Walk, London SE5 8BB, UK
| | - Erikas Simonavičius
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Addictions Sciences Building, 4 Windsor Walk, London SE5 8BB, UK
| | - Matilda Nottage
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Addictions Sciences Building, 4 Windsor Walk, London SE5 8BB, UK
| | - Jessica L Reid
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Robin Burkhalter
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Leonie Brose
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Addictions Sciences Building, 4 Windsor Walk, London SE5 8BB, UK
| | - Olivia A Wackowski
- School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Alex C Liber
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Ann McNeill
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Addictions Sciences Building, 4 Windsor Walk, London SE5 8BB, UK
| | - David Hammond
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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18
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Mehl K, Reschke-Hernandez AE, Hanson J, Linhardt L, Frame J, Dew M, Kickbusch E, Johnson C, Bai E, Belfi AM. Music-Evoked Autobiographical Memories are Associated with Negative Affect in Younger and Older Adults. Exp Aging Res 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38217422 PMCID: PMC11245592 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2024.2302785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Music evokes strong and persistent emotional responses. However, the mechanisms underlying the emotional effects of music, particularly in older adults, are largely unknown. One purported mechanism by which music evokes emotions is through memory - that is, music evokes personal, autobiographical memories that then lead to emotional responses. METHOD Here, we investigated whether memory-evoking music induces stronger and longer-lasting emotional responses than non-memory-evoking music, and whether these emotional responses differ between younger and older adults. Older (N = 30) and younger adults (N =30) listened to two blocks of self-selected music (one block of memory-evoking music and one block of familiar but non-memory-evoking music). Participants reported their emotions prior to and at three timepoints post-listening. RESULTS Older adults reported higher levels of positive affect than younger adults. For both groups, positive affect increased after listening to both memory-evoking and non-memory-evoking music. However, negative affect only increased after listening to memory-evoking music. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that both memory-evoking and non-memory-evoking music generate strong emotions in younger and older adults, but music that conjures personal memories is more likely to elicit mixed emotions. Our results have important clinical implications when designing music-based interventions for mood and affect, particularly in older adult populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra Mehl
- Department of Psychological Science, Missouri University of Science and Technology
| | | | - Julien Hanson
- Department of Psychological Science, Missouri University of Science and Technology
| | - Lauren Linhardt
- Department of Psychological Science, Missouri University of Science and Technology
| | - Jessica Frame
- Department of Psychological Science, Missouri University of Science and Technology
| | - Matthew Dew
- Department of Psychological Science, Missouri University of Science and Technology
| | - Elizabeth Kickbusch
- Department of Psychological Science, Missouri University of Science and Technology
| | - Chase Johnson
- Department of Psychological Science, Missouri University of Science and Technology
| | - Elena Bai
- Department of Psychological Science, Missouri University of Science and Technology
| | - Amy M. Belfi
- Department of Psychological Science, Missouri University of Science and Technology
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19
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Santistevan AC, Moadab G, Fiske O, Nord CM, Isaacowitz DM, Bliss-Moreau E. Cardiac psychophysiological tuning to socioaffective content is disrupted in aged rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14410. [PMID: 37850617 PMCID: PMC10842326 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Aging ushers in numerous disruptions to autonomic nervous system (ANS) function. Although the effects of aging on ANS function at rest are well characterized, there is surprising variation in reports of age-related differences in ANS reactivity to psychosocial stressors, with some reports of decreases and other reports of increases in reactivity with age. The sources of variation in age-related differences are largely unknown. Nonhuman primate models of socioaffective aging may help to uncover sources of this variation as nonhuman primates share key features of human ANS structure and function and researchers have precise control over the environments in which they age. In this report, we assess how response patterns to dynamic socioaffective stimuli in the parasympathetic and sympathetic branches of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) ANS differ in aged compared to middle-aged monkeys. We find that respiratory sinus arrhythmia, a cardiac indicator of activity in the parasympathetic branch of the ANS, exhibits age-related disruptions in responding while monkeys view videos of conspecifics. This suggests that there are evolutionarily conserved mechanisms responsible for the patterns of affective aging observed in humans and that aged rhesus monkeys are a robust translational model for human affective aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Santistevan
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Gilda Moadab
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Olivia Fiske
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Christina M Nord
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Derek M Isaacowitz
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eliza Bliss-Moreau
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
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20
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Abiodun SJ, Salerno JM, McAllister GA, Samanez-Larkin GR, Seaman KL. Adult Age Differences in Evoked Emotional Responses to Dynamic Facial Expressions. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2024; 79:gbad141. [PMID: 37756631 PMCID: PMC11058419 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbad141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Facial expressions are powerful social signals that motivate feelings and actions in the observer. Research on face processing has overwhelmingly used static facial images, which have limited ecological validity. Previous research on the age-related positivity effect and age differences in social motivation suggest that older adults might experience different evoked emotional responses to facial expressions than younger adults. Here, we introduce a new method to explore age-related differences in evoked responses to dynamic facial expressions across adulthood. METHODS We used dynamic facial expressions which varied by expression type (happy, sad, and angry) and expression magnitude (low, medium, and full) to gather participant ratings on their evoked emotional response to these stimuli along the dimensions of valence (positive vs negative) and arousal. RESULTS As predicted, older adults rated the emotions evoked by positive facial expressions (happy) more positively than younger adults. Furthermore, older adults rated the emotion evoked by negative facial expressions (angry and sad) more negatively than younger adults. Contrary to our predictions, older adults did not differ significantly in arousal to negative expressions compared with younger adults. Across all ages, individuals rated positive expressions as more arousing than negative expressions. DISCUSSION The findings provide some evidence that older adults may be more sensitive to variations in dynamic facial expressions than younger adults, particularly in terms of their estimates of valence. These dynamic facial stimuli that vary in magnitude are promising for future studies of more naturalistic affect elicitation, studies of social incentive processing, and use in incentive-driven choice tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sade J Abiodun
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joanna M Salerno
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Galen A McAllister
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Kendra L Seaman
- Center for Vital Longevity, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
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21
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Devarayapuram Ramakrishnan S, Kausar H, Barber SJ. Younger and older adults' memory of past feelings surrounding an election. Memory 2024; 32:11-24. [PMID: 37930779 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2023.2272780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
People often misremember their past feelings, especially when recalling their prior mood as opposed to their specific emotions in response to events. A previous study also found that the direction of memory errors varies based on feeling type; younger adults overestimated the intensity of prior moods but underestimated the intensity of prior event-specific emotions. This study aimed to replicate these patterns and test whether they vary with age. In doing so, we also tested whether an age-related positivity effect would emerge, such that older adults would be relatively more likely to overestimate past positive feelings and underestimate past negative feelings. Using a sample of American voters, who reported their feelings following the 2020 United States presidential election, we found that both younger and older adults subsequently overestimated the intensity of their past mood in the week following the election but were relatively accurate in recalling the intensity of their prior emotions about the election result. Unexpectedly, among election losers, we also observed an age-related negativity effect in recall for prior mood. When faced with negative real-world events, older adults may not show the same positivity biases that are observed in lab studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiba Kausar
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sarah J Barber
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
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22
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Welhaf MS, Banks JB, Bugg JM. Age-Related Differences in Mind Wandering: The Role of Emotional Valence. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2024; 79:gbad151. [PMID: 37813376 PMCID: PMC10745276 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbad151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Older adults consistently report fewer experiences of mind wandering compared to younger adults. Aging is also associated with a shift in the emotional focus of our thoughts, with older adults tending to experience an increase in attention toward positive information, or a "positivity bias," relative to younger adults. Here, we tested if the positivity bias associated with aging can also predict age-related changes in the content of older adults' mind wandering. METHOD Older adults and younger adults completed a go/no-go task with periodic thought probes to assess rates of emotionally valenced mind wandering. RESULTS Older adults reported significantly less negatively and neutrally valenced mind wandering compared to younger adults, but there was no age difference in reports of positively valenced mind wandering. Overall rates of mind wandering predicted poorer task performance for both age groups: Individuals who mind wandered more, performed worse, but this did not differ by the emotional valence. Both older adults and younger adults showed similar in-the-moment performance deficits, with mind wandering reports being associated with worse immediate no-go accuracy and faster reaction times, consistent with mindless responding. DISCUSSION Focusing on different dimensions of thought content, such as emotional valence, can provide new insight into age-related differences in mind wandering. Older adults' mind wandering reports were less negative and neutral compared to younger adults' reports suggesting a positivity bias for older adults. However, this positivity bias does not seem to affect task performance. We discuss the implications of the findings for mind wandering theories and the positivity bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Welhaf
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jonathan B Banks
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Julie M Bugg
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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23
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Amanzio M, Cipriani GE, Canessa N, Borghesi F, Chirico A, Cipresso P. A unique neuropsychophysiological approach to objectify emotion (dys)regulation in healthy older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2023; 13:23093. [PMID: 38155179 PMCID: PMC10754879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50310-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The response of older people to the COVID-19 pandemic has attracted much attention as they are at increased risk of adverse outcomes. A longitudinal study has shown that improvement in global cognitive, executive and language functioning in healthy older adults enrolled at the University of the Third Age appears to play a protective role against emotional dysregulation and mood changes during the pandemic. To date, no study has examined emotional dysregulation through COVID-19-related images using facial electromyographic recordings in healthy older adults. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the relationships between zygomaticus and corrugator reactivity, neuropsychological measures, and the affective dimensions of arousal, dominance, and valence. The results showed an unexpected association between higher zygomaticus activity and higher levels of apathy, depression, and anxiety. In contrast, increased contracture of the corrugator was associated with poorer performance on cognitive tests (global cognition, memory, executive functions) and physical status, i.e., walking speed. These results are consistent with the reappraisal of emotional stimuli in response to the challenges of the pandemic. Interestingly, COVID-19-related stimuli triggered the activation of bottom-up affectivity strategies associated with higher mood levels and interacted with top-down factors that play an important role in the dysregulation of cognitive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Amanzio
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10024, Turin, Italy.
| | | | - Nicola Canessa
- ICoN Center, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory of Pavia Institute, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Alice Chirico
- Department of Psychology, Research Center in Communication Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Cipresso
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10024, Turin, Italy
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, 20145, Milan, Italy
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24
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Johnston CR, Quarmley M, Nelson BD, Helion C, Murty VP, Jarcho JM. Social feedback biases emerge during recall but not prediction and shift across the development of social anxiety. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2308593120. [PMID: 38117853 PMCID: PMC10756286 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2308593120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory is a reconstructive process that can result in events being recalled as more positive or negative than they actually were. While positive recall biases may contribute to well-being, negative recall biases may promote internalizing symptoms, such as social anxiety. Adolescence is characterized by increased salience of peers and peak incidence of social anxiety. Symptoms often wax and wane before becoming more intractable during adulthood. Open questions remain regarding how and when biases for social feedback are expressed and how individual differences in biases may contribute to social anxiety across development. Two studies used a social feedback and cued response task to assess biases about being liked or disliked when retrieving memories vs. making predictions. Findings revealed a robust positivity bias about memories for social feedback, regardless of whether memories were true or false. Moreover, memory bias was associated with social anxiety in a developmentally sensitive way. Among adults (study 1), more severe symptoms of social anxiety were associated with a negativity bias. During the transition from adolescence to adulthood (study 2), age strengthened the positivity bias in those with less severe symptoms and strengthened the negativity bias in those with more severe symptoms. These patterns of bias were isolated to perceived memory retrieval and did not generalize to predictions about social feedback. These results provide initial support for a model by which schemas may infiltrate perceptions of memory for past, but not predictions of future, social events, shaping susceptibility for social anxiety, particularly during the transition into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille R. Johnston
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA19122
| | - Megan Quarmley
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA19122
| | - Brady D. Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY11794
| | - Chelsea Helion
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA19122
| | - Vishnu P. Murty
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA19122
| | - Johanna M. Jarcho
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA19122
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25
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Crawford MT, Marsh C. Time heals all wounds? Naïve theories about the fading of affect associated with autobiographical events. Mem Cognit 2023; 51:1715-1728. [PMID: 37093460 PMCID: PMC10638185 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-023-01426-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The current research examined the naïve theories that individuals hold about how affect fades over time. In three studies (with various replications), participants read about positive and negative events and estimated the emotional impact of those events on either themselves or a hypothetical other over different time frames (i.e., 1 week, 1 month, 1 year-Studies 1a-1c) or how long it would take for specific amounts of fade to occur (Studies 2a & 2b). In a final study, participants were directly asked about their beliefs regarding affect fade. Results demonstrated that people have inaccurate expectations about affect fade for positive and negative events. Specifically, participants rate that positive events fade more in the short term, but that negative events fade more in the long term. Results are discussed in terms of how these (incorrect) naïve theories of affect fade relate to metacognitive biases in memory and emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Crawford
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Claire Marsh
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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26
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Barlow MA, Willroth EC, Wrosch C, John OP, Mauss IB. When daily emotions spill into life satisfaction: Age differences in emotion globalizing. Psychol Aging 2023; 38:644-655. [PMID: 37616073 PMCID: PMC10841306 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Although the objective conditions of people's lives are fairly stable from day to day, daily life can feel like an emotional rollercoaster. For some people, life satisfaction hitches a ride on the emotional rollercoaster (i.e., momentary emotions spill over into broader evaluations of life). The extent to which positive and negative emotions spill over into life satisfaction is referred to as positive and negative emotion globalizing. Initial evidence suggests that emotion globalizing varies between individuals and is linked to a maladaptive psychological profile. Integrating a lifespan perspective, this is the first study to identify and describe age differences in emotion globalizing using data from two adult community samples (Study 1: N = 133 women, age range = 23-78; Study 2: N = 137, age range = 18-95). Further, we tested key boundary conditions of emotion globalizing by examining two types of emotions (i.e., current or after most stressful event of the day) and two types of satisfaction (i.e., overall life satisfaction [life satisfaction] or current day satisfaction [day satisfaction]). Specifically, we investigated how younger and older adults differed in the associations of current emotions with life satisfaction (i.e., emotion globalizing; Study 1), stressor-related emotions with life satisfaction (i.e., stressor-related emotion globalizing; Study 1), and stressor-related emotions with day satisfaction (Study 2). Results revealed that older (compared to younger) adults exhibited less negative (but not positive) emotion globalizing and stressor-related emotion globalizing. We found no age differences in the association between stressor-related emotions and day satisfaction. These findings extend insights into emotion globalizing and inform theories of emotional aging. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily C Willroth
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University
| | | | - Oliver P John
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Iris B Mauss
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
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27
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Rothwell ES, Carp SB, Bliss-Moreau E. The importance of social behavior in nonhuman primate studies of aging: A mini-review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 154:105422. [PMID: 37806369 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Social behavior plays an important role in supporting both psychological and physical health across the lifespan. People's social lives change as they age, and the nature of these changes differ based on whether people are on healthy aging trajectories or are experiencing neurodegenerative diseases that cause dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Nonhuman primate models of aging have provided a base of knowledge comparing aging trajectories in health and disease, but these studies rarely emphasize social behavior changes as a consequence of the aging process. What data exist hold particular value, as negative effects of disease and aging on social behavior are likely to have disproportionate impacts on quality of life. In this mini review, we examine the literature on nonhuman primate models of aging with a focus on social behavior, in the context of both health and disease. We propose that adopting a greater focus on social behavior outcomes in nonhuman primates will improve our understanding of the intersection of health, aging and sociality in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Rothwell
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Biomedical Science Tower 3, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Sarah B Carp
- Neuroscience & Behavior Unit, California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, County Road 98 at Hutchinson Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Eliza Bliss-Moreau
- Neuroscience & Behavior Unit, California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, County Road 98 at Hutchinson Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California Davis, County Road 98 at Hutchinson Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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28
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Karl V, Rohe T. Structural brain changes in emotion recognition across the adult lifespan. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:nsad052. [PMID: 37769357 PMCID: PMC10627307 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotion recognition (ER) declines with increasing age, yet little is known whether this observation is based on structural brain changes conveyed by differential atrophy. To investigate whether age-related ER decline correlates with reduced grey matter (GM) volume in emotion-related brain regions, we conducted a voxel-based morphometry analysis using data of the Human Connectome Project-Aging (N = 238, aged 36-87) in which facial ER was tested. We expected to find brain regions that show an additive or super-additive age-related change in GM volume indicating atrophic processes that reduce ER in older adults. The data did not support our hypotheses after correction for multiple comparisons. Exploratory analyses with a threshold of P < 0.001 (uncorrected), however, suggested that relationships between GM volume and age-related general ER may be widely distributed across the cortex. Yet, small effect sizes imply that only a small fraction of the decline of ER in older adults can be attributed to local GM volume changes in single voxels or their multivariate patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Karl
- Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0424, Norway
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0373, Norway
| | - Tim Rohe
- Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
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29
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La Malva P, Ceccato I, Di Crosta A, D'Angelo N, Marin A, Bartolini E, D'Intino E, Mammarella N, Palumbo R, Palumbo R, Di Domenico A. Pleasure before business: emotions and age effects on daily activity scheduling. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18190. [PMID: 37875478 PMCID: PMC10598225 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44245-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Activity scheduling represents a key process in daily life, involving the evaluation of the costs and benefits of the resources to be invested, but also a preference for when to engage in pleasant or unpleasant activities. Aging affects the evaluation processes and individual preferences due to changes in cognitive functioning and life perspectives. The present study investigated the differences between younger adults (age range 19-33) and older adults (age range 65-87) in a task assessing preferential scheduling of activities. Participants were asked to schedule thirty emotional activities (positive, negative, or neutral) within a 30-day time window, assigning one activity for each day. Results indicated that older adults, but not younger adults, planned positive activities closer in time, supporting the "positivity effect". Also, both younger and older adults tended to postpone negative activities, scheduling them in the last days. Finally, for older adults only, negative affect was associated with the tendency to put positive activities closer in time. Present findings showed age-specific effects of emotional content on daily activity scheduling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale La Malva
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 31, Via Dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Irene Ceccato
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 31, Via Dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Adolfo Di Crosta
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 31, Via Dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nico D'Angelo
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 31, Via Dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Anna Marin
- Center for Translational Cognitive Neuroscience, Boston University, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emanuela Bartolini
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Eleonora D'Intino
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nicola Mammarella
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 31, Via Dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Riccardo Palumbo
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rocco Palumbo
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 31, Via Dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Alberto Di Domenico
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 31, Via Dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
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30
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Yeung MK. Effects of age, gender, and education on task performance and prefrontal cortex processing during emotional and non-emotional verbal fluency tests. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2023; 245:105325. [PMID: 37748413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The emotional semantic fluency test (SFT) is an emerging verbal fluency test that requires controlled access to emotional lexical information. Currently, how demographic variables influence neurocognitive processing during this test remains elusive. The present study compared the effects of age, gender, and education on task performance and prefrontal cortex (PFC) processing during the non-emotional and emotional SFTs. One-hundred and thirty-three Cantonese-speaking adults aged 18-79 performed the non-emotional and emotional SFTs while their PFC activation was measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Results showed that more education predicted better non-emotional SFT performance, whereas younger age, being female, and more education predicted better emotional SFT performance. Only age significantly affected PFC activation during the SFTs, and the effect was comparable between the two SFTs. Thus, compared with its non-emotional analog, the emotional SFT is influenced by overlapping yet distinct demographic variables. There is a similar age-related reorganization of PFC function across SFT performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Yeung
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; University Research Facility in Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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31
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Schick B, Mayer B, Hensel C, Schmid S, Jungwirth B, Barth E, Muth CM, Katzenschlager S, Schönfeldt-Lecuona C. Medical experience as an influencing parameter in emergency medical care for psychiatric emergencies: retrospective analysis of a multicenter survey. BMC Emerg Med 2023; 23:112. [PMID: 37740210 PMCID: PMC10517561 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-023-00883-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prehospital care of psychiatric patients often relies on the medical experience of prehospital emergency physicians (PHEPs). The psychiatrists (PSs) involved in the further treatment of psychiatric patients also often rely on their experience. Furthermore, the interaction between PHEPs and PSs is characterized by interaction problems and different approaches in the prehospital care of the psychiatric emergency. OBJECTIVES To analyze the phenomenon of "medical experience" as a cause of possible interaction-related problems and assess its impact on the prehospital decision-making process between prehospital emergency physicians and psychiatrists. METHODS The retrospective data analysis was conducted between November 2022 and March 2023. Medical experience was defined as follows, based on the demographic information collected in the questionnaires: For PHEPs, the period since obtaining the additional qualification in emergency medicine was defined as a surrogate marker of medical experience: (i) inexperienced: < 1 year, (ii) experienced: 1-5 years, (iii) very experienced: > 5 years. For PSs, age in years was used as a surrogate parameter of medical experience: (i) inexperienced: 25-35 years, (ii) experienced: 35-45 years, (iii) very experienced: > 45 years. RESULTS Inexperienced PSs most frequently expressed anxiety about the psychiatric emergency referred by a PHEP (27.9%). Experienced PHEPs most frequently reported a lack of qualifications in handling the care of psychiatric emergencies (p = 0.002). Very experienced PHEPs were significantly more likely to have a referral refused by the acute psychiatric hospital if an inexperienced PS was on duty (p = 0.01). Experienced PHEPs apply an intravenous hypnotic significantly more often (almost 15%) than PSs of all experience levels (p = 0.001). In addition, very experienced PHEPs sought prehospital phone contact with acute psychiatry significantly more often (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION PHEPs should be aware that the PS on duty may be inexperienced and that treating emergency patients may cause him/her anxiety. On the other hand, PHEPs should be receptive to feedback from PS who have identified a qualification deficiency in them. Jointly developed, individualized emergency plans could lead to better prehospital care for psychiatric emergency patients. Further training in the prehospital management of psychiatric disorders is needed to minimize the existing skills gap among PHEPs in the management of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Schick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Mayer
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Schwabstraße 13, 89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - Constanze Hensel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schmid
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bettina Jungwirth
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Eberhard Barth
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Claus-Martin Muth
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephan Katzenschlager
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carlos Schönfeldt-Lecuona
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University Hospital Ulm, Leimgrubenweg 12-14, 89075, Ulm, Germany
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32
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Bruner E. Cognitive Archeology and the Attentional System: An Evolutionary Mismatch for the Genus Homo. J Intell 2023; 11:183. [PMID: 37754912 PMCID: PMC10532831 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence11090183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain evolution is a key topic in evolutionary anthropology. Unfortunately, in this sense the fossil record can usually support limited anatomical and behavioral inferences. Nonetheless, information from fossil species is, in any case, particularly valuable, because it represents the only direct proof of cerebral and behavioral changes throughout the human phylogeny. Recently, archeology and psychology have been integrated in the field of cognitive archeology, which aims to interpret current cognitive models according to the evidence we have on extinct human species. In this article, such evidence is reviewed in order to consider whether and to what extent the archeological record can supply information regarding changes of the attentional system in different taxa of the human genus. In particular, behavioral correlates associated with the fronto-parietal system and working memory are employed to consider recent changes in our species, Homo sapiens, and a mismatch between attentional and visuospatial ability is hypothesized. These two functional systems support present-moment awareness and mind-wandering, respectively, and their evolutionary unbalance can explain a structural sensitivity to psychological distress in our species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Bruner
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana, Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca 3, 09002 Burgos, Spain
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33
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Fry R, Tanaka J, Cohan S, Wilmer J, Germine LT, DeGutis J. Effects of age on face perception: Reduced eye region discrimination ability but intact holistic processing. Psychol Aging 2023; 38:548-561. [PMID: 37589691 PMCID: PMC10521214 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
While age-related decline in face recognition memory is well-established, the degree of decline in face perceptual abilities across the lifespan and the underlying mechanisms are incompletely characterized. In the present study, we used the part-whole task to examine lifespan changes in holistic and featural processing. After studying an intact face, participants are tested for memory of a face part (eyes, nose, mouth) with the target and foil part presented either in isolation or in the context of the whole face. To the extent that parts are encoded into a holistic face representation, an advantage is expected for part recognition when tested in the whole face condition. The task therefore provides measures of holistic processing (whole-over-isolated-part trial advantage) and featural processing for each part when tested in isolation. Using a large sample of 3,341 online participants aged 18-69 years, we found that while discrimination of the eye region decreased beginning in the 50s, both mouth discrimination accuracy and the holistic advantage of whole versus part trial discrimination were stable with age. In separate analyses by gender, we found that age-related declines in eye region accuracy were more pronounced in males than females. We discuss potential mechanistic explanations for this eye region-specific decline with age, including age-related hearing loss directing attention toward the mouth. Further, we discuss how this could be related to the age-related positivity effect, which is associated with reduced sensitivity to eye-related emotions (e.g., anger) but preserved mouth-related emotion sensitivity (e.g., happiness). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Regan Fry
- Boston Attention and Learning Laboratory, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James Tanaka
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sarah Cohan
- Vision Sciences Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Harvard University, USA
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeremy Wilmer
- Department of Psychology, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, USA
| | - Laura T. Germine
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Joseph DeGutis
- Boston Attention and Learning Laboratory, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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34
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Thompson González N, Machanda Z, Emery Thompson M. Age-related social selectivity: An adaptive lens on a later life social phenotype. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105294. [PMID: 37380041 PMCID: PMC10529433 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Age-related social selectivity is a process in which older humans reduce their number of social partners to a subset of positive and emotionally fulfilling relationships. Although selectivity has been attributed to humans' unique perceptions of time horizons, recent evidence demonstrates that these social patterns and processes occur in other non-human primates, suggesting an evolutionarily wider phenomenon. Here, we develop the hypothesis that selective social behavior is an adaptive strategy that allows social animals to balance the costs and benefits of navigating social environments in the face of age-related functional declines. We first aim to distinguish social selectivity from the non-adaptive social consequences of aging. We then outline multiple mechanisms by which social selectivity in old age may enhance fitness and healthspan. Our goal is to lay out a research agenda to identify selective strategies and their potential benefits. Given the importance of social support for health across primates, understanding why aging individuals lose social connections and how they can remain resilient has vital applications to public health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Thompson González
- Integrative Anthropological Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Zarin Machanda
- Department of Anthropology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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35
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Britz S, Rader L, Gauggel S, Mainz V. An English list of trait words including valence, social desirability, and observability ratings. Behav Res Methods 2023; 55:2669-2686. [PMID: 35962307 PMCID: PMC10439032 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-022-01921-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To enable flexible and controlled research on personality, information processing, and interactions in socio-emotional contexts, the availability of highly controlled stimulus material, especially trait words and related attributes, is indispensable. Existing word databases contain mainly nouns and rating dimensions, and their role in studies within socio-emotional contexts are limited. This study aimed to create an English list of traits (ELoT), a database containing 500 trait adjectives rated by a large sample (n = 822, 57.42% female). The rating categories refer to the perceived valence associated with the traits and their social desirability and observability. Participants of different ages (18 to 65 years of age) and educational levels rated the words in an online survey. Both valence and social desirability ratings showed a bimodal distribution, indicating that most traits were rated either positive (respectively socially desirable) or negative (respectively socially undesirable), with fewer words rated as neutral. For observability, a bell-shaped distribution was found. Results indicated a strong association between valence and social desirability, whereas observability ratings were only moderately associated with the other ratings. Valence and social desirability ratings were not related to participants' age or gender, but observability ratings were different for females and males, and for younger, middle-aged, and older participants. The ELoT is an extensive, freely available database of trait norms. The large sample and the balanced age and gender distributions allow to account for age- and gender-specific effects during stimulus selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Britz
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Lena Rader
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Siegfried Gauggel
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Verena Mainz
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Chaudhary S, Zhang S, Zhornitsky S, Chen Y, Chao HH, Li CSR. Age-related reduction in trait anxiety: Behavioral and neural evidence of automaticity in negative facial emotion processing. Neuroimage 2023; 276:120207. [PMID: 37263454 PMCID: PMC10330646 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Trait anxiety diminishes with age, which may result from age-related decline in registering salient emotional stimuli and/or enhancement in emotion regulation. We tested the hypotheses in 88 adults 21 to 85 years of age and studied with fMRI of the Hariri task. Age-related decline in stimulus registration would manifest in delayed reaction time (RT) and diminished saliency circuit activity in response to emotional vs. neutral stimuli. Enhanced control of negative emotions would manifest in diminished limbic/emotional circuit and higher prefrontal cortical (PFC) responses to negative emotion. The results showed that anxiety was negatively correlated with age. Age was associated with faster RT and diminished activation of the medial PFC, in the area of the dorsal and rostral anterior cingulate cortex (dACC/rACC) - a hub of the saliency circuit - during matching of negative but not positive vs. neutral emotional faces. A slope test confirmed the differences in the regressions. Further, age was not associated with activation of the PFC in whole-brain regression or in region-of-interest analysis of the dorsolateral PFC, an area identified from meta-analyses of the emotion regulation literature. Together, the findings fail to support either hypothesis; rather, the findings suggest age-related automaticity in processing negative emotions as a potential mechanism of diminished anxiety. Automaticity results in faster RT and diminished anterior cingulate activity in response to negative but not positive emotional stimuli. In support, analyses of psychophysiological interaction demonstrated higher dACC/rACC connectivity with the default mode network, which has been implicated in automaticity in information processing. As age increased, individuals demonstrated faster RT with higher connectivity during matching of negative vs. neutral images. Automaticity in negative emotion processing needs to be investigated as a mechanism of age-related reduction in anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefali Chaudhary
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, United States.
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, United States.
| | - Simon Zhornitsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, United States.
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, United States.
| | - Herta H Chao
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, United States; Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, United States.
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States; Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
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Trepka MJ, Ward MK, Fennie K, Sheehan DM, Fernandez SB, Li T, Jean-Gilles M, Dévieux JG, Ibañez GE, Gwanzura T, Nawfal E, Gray A, Beach MC, Ladner R. Patient-Provider Relationships and Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence and Durable Viral Suppression Among Women with HIV, Miami-Dade County, Florida, 2021-2022. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2023; 37:361-372. [PMID: 37432309 PMCID: PMC10354312 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2023.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Women with HIV in the United States are more negatively affected by adverse social determinants such as low education and poverty than men, and thus, especially need a supportive health care system. This cross-sectional study assessed the role of the patient-provider relationship on antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and durable viral suppression among women with HIV (WHIV) in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Patient-provider relationship was measured, in part, using the Health Care Relationship Trust Scale and Consumer Assessment of Health Care Providers and Systems. The survey was administered by telephone to women in the Ryan White Program June 2021-March 2022. Adherence was defined as 90% adherent on the average of three self-reported items. Lack of durable viral suppression was defined by at least one viral load ≥200 copies/mL among all tests conducted in a year. Logistic regression models were generated using backward stepwise modeling. Of 560 cis-gender women, 401 (71.6%) were adherent, and 450 (80.4%) had durable viral suppression. In the regression model, adherence was associated with higher patient-provider trust and provider communication as well as excellent perceived health, lack of significant depressive symptoms, no alcohol use within the last 30 days, and lack of transportation problems. In the regression model using provider as a random effect, durable viral suppression was associated with older age, Hispanic ethnicity, and lack of illegal drug use. While the results show that a strong patient-provider relationship facilitates ART adherence in WHIV, there was no association with durable viral suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Jo Trepka
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Research Center for Minority Institutions, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Melissa K. Ward
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Research Center for Minority Institutions, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Diana M. Sheehan
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Research Center for Minority Institutions, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sofia Beatriz Fernandez
- Research Center for Minority Institutions, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- School of Social Work, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Tan Li
- Research Center for Minority Institutions, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Michele Jean-Gilles
- Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jessy G. Dévieux
- Research Center for Minority Institutions, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Gladys E. Ibañez
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Tendai Gwanzura
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ekpereka Nawfal
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Aaliyah Gray
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Mary Catherine Beach
- Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert Ladner
- Behavioral Science Research Corp., Coral Gables, Florida, USA
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Li J, Li D, Chen Y, Chen W, Xu J, Gao L. Gut Microbiota and Aging: Traditional Chinese Medicine and Modern Medicine. Clin Interv Aging 2023; 18:963-986. [PMID: 37351381 PMCID: PMC10284159 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s414714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The changing composition of gut microbiota, much like aging, accompanies people throughout their lives, and the inextricable relationship between both has recently attracted extensive attention as well. Modern medical research has revealed that a series of changes in gut microbiota are involved in the aging process of organisms, which may be because gut microbiota modulates aging-related changes related to innate immunity and cognitive function. At present, there is no definite and effective method to delay aging. However, Nobel laureate Tu Youyou's research on artemisinin has inspired researchers to study the importance of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). TCM, as an ancient alternative medicine, has unique advantages in preventive health care and in treating diseases as it already has formed an independent understanding of the aging system. TCM practitioners believe that the mechanism of aging is mainly deficiency, and pathological states such as blood stasis, qi stagnation and phlegm coagulation can exacerbate the process of aging, which involves a series of organs, including the brain, kidney, heart, liver and spleen. Our current understanding of aging has led us to realise that TCM can indeed make some beneficial changes, such as the improvement of cognitive impairment. However, due to the multi-component and multi-target nature of TCM, the exploration of its mechanism of action has become extremely complex. While analysing the relationship between gut microbiota and aging, this review explores the similarities and differences in treatment methods and mechanisms between TCM and Modern Medicine, in order to explore a new approach that combines TCM and Modern Medicine to regulate gut microbiota, improve immunity and delay aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfan Li
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Diabetes, Licheng District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajie Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation and Health Care, Jinan Vocational College of Nursing, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Gao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
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González-González E, Requena C. Practices of Self-Care in Healthy Old Age: A Field Study. Geriatrics (Basel) 2023; 8:geriatrics8030054. [PMID: 37218834 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics8030054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Two competing psychological approaches for how to care for oneself to stay healthy in old age have coexisted and dominated the scientific literature. OBJECTIVE Identify the self-care practices of healthy older adults and establish the relationship between these practices and the cognitive processes involved. METHOD 105 healthy older people (83.91% women) recorded their self-care practices using the Care Time Test and underwent a cognitive evaluation. RESULTS The frequency and variety of different activities that participants spent performing on a day of the week where they had the fewest obligations are as follows: nearly 7 h on seven survival activities, 4 h and 30 min on three maintenance of functional independence activities and 1 h on one activity that promoted personal development. Older people who carry out activities in a developmental approach showed better everyday memory (8.63 points) and attention levels (7.00 points) than older people who carry out activities using a conservative approach (memory: 7.43; attention level: 6.40). CONCLUSION The results evidenced that the frequency and variety of activities that promote personal development are associated with better attention and memory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Requena
- Department of Psychology, Sociology and Philosophy, University of León, 24004 Leon, Spain
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40
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Camblats AM, Mathey S, Robert C, Estival S, Chevalère J, Maire J, Tauber M, Laurier V, Tricot J, Mourre F, Postal V. Interference effect of food and emotional stimuli in Stroop-like tasks for children and adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37113059 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2023.2207777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Interference effect of food and emotional stimuli in Stroop-like tasks for children and adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome. The aim of this work was to study the way items related to food or emotion are processed by a population known to have difficulties with dietary restriction, namely individuals with Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS). Given the presence of intellectual disability (ID) in PWS, our experiments were designed to examine whether these difficulties were specific to PWS or linked with their ID. Two modified Stroop tasks (i.e., a food version and an emotional version) were administered to seventy-four children (aged between 6 and 16 years old) divided into three groups (one with PWS, one with ID matched on age and Intellectual Quotient (IQ), and one healthy group matched on age) and to eighty-four adults (aged between 18 and 48 years old) distributed in the same three groups. For both tasks, a picture version was used for the children and a word version for the adults. For the food Stroop task, (Experiment 1), materials were composed of low or high-caloric food items and stimuli not related to food. The results show a food Stroop effect for children and adults with PWS that was absent in the group of healthy participants. Moreover, a food Stroop effect was also significant for adults with ID. For the emotional Stroop task (Experiment 2), materials were composed of negative, positive and neutral stimuli. The emotional Stroop effect was also obtained for children and adults with PWS as well as for the healthy group, but not for the age- and IQ-matched group. For the PWS groups, results show a preservation to process positive pictures for children and difficulties to process negative stimuli for both age-groups. These results suggest that people with PWS have difficulties in disengaging their attention when food stimuli are present in their environment and poorer abilities to process negative ones. These difficulties endure in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stéphanie Mathey
- laboratoire de Psychologie EA4139, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christelle Robert
- laboratoire de Psychologie EA4139, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Séverine Estival
- laboratoire de Psychologie EA4139, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Johann Chevalère
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (LAPSCO), UMR 6024, CNRS & Université Clermont-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jenna Maire
- Unité de recherche CERES, Institut Catholique de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Maïthé Tauber
- Centre de Référence du Syndrome de Prader-Willi, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Virginie Laurier
- Centre de Référence des maladies rares PRADORT pour le Syndrome de Prader-Willi et autres et autres Obésités Rares avec TCA, AP-HP Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France
| | - Julie Tricot
- Centre de Référence des maladies rares PRADORT pour le Syndrome de Prader-Willi et autres et autres Obésités Rares avec TCA, AP-HP Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France
| | - Fabien Mourre
- Centre de Référence des maladies rares PRADORT pour le Syndrome de Prader-Willi et autres et autres Obésités Rares avec TCA, AP-HP Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France
| | - Virginie Postal
- laboratoire de Psychologie EA4139, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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Hasler BS, Leshem OA, Hasson Y, Landau DH, Krayem Y, Blatansky C, Baratz G, Friedman D, Psaltis C, Cakal H, Cohen-Chen S, Halperin E. Young generations' hopelessness perpetuates long-term conflicts. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4926. [PMID: 36966154 PMCID: PMC10039691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31667-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming long-term conflicts into peaceful intergroup relations is one of the most difficult challenges for humanity. Such meaningful social changes are often driven by young people. But do young people living in contexts of long-term conflicts believe that change is even possible? In a series of six studies (Ntotal = 119,671) over two decades and across two unrelated intractable conflicts in Israel/Palestine and Cyprus, we found that younger (compared to older) generations from both respective rival groups have less hope for peace, and consequently less conciliatory attitudes. We also show that this gradual improvement of peace-promoting emotions and attitudes with increasing age can be experimentally accelerated in young people through a virtual reality-based aging simulation. These findings provide a new perspective on the fundamental question of why long-term conflicts are so difficult to resolve and highlight the importance of instilling hope in young generations to advance peace processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice S Hasler
- Sammy Ofer School of Communications, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel.
| | - Oded A Leshem
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yossi Hasson
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Daniel H Landau
- Sammy Ofer School of Communications, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
- Department of Media, School of Arts, Design and Architecture, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Yara Krayem
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Chen Blatansky
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Guy Baratz
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Doron Friedman
- Sammy Ofer School of Communications, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Charis Psaltis
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | - Eran Halperin
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Jean Francois G, Carr D, Meynadasy MA, Sachs-Ericsson N. Prediction of COVID-19-related distress: the role of anxiety and resiliency. Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:572-579. [PMID: 35658654 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2084714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Among older adults, anxiety is a likely risk factor for COVID-19-related distress, whereas psychological resilience may attenuate the negative impact of the pandemic. In this longitudinal study, we hypothesized that pre-pandemic anxiety would predict higher COVID-19-related distress, whereas resiliency would predict lower distress. Further we hypothesized that resilience would moderate the association between anxiety and distress. METHODS Pre-pandemic data (July 2018) was obtained from a community sample of older adults and included measures of anxiety and resiliency. We conducted a follow-up survey (n = 571) during the pandemic (June 2020) and evaluated COVID-19-related distress. We used OLS regression to test our hypotheses. RESULTS Anxiety symptoms predicted higher COVID-19-related distress; resiliency predicted lower distress. Resiliency did not moderate the association between anxiety and distress. High levels of resiliency, compared to low levels, attenuated the influence of anxiety on COVID-19-related distress, but only among those with low-to-moderate levels of anxiety. CONCLUSION Older adults with anxiety may be more susceptible to COVID-19 related distress. Interventions that increase resilience, may mitigate distress, and promote healthy aging for those with low-to-moderate anxiety. Further research, however, is needed to help those older adults with high anxiety contend with such adverse experiences and build on psychological resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dawn Carr
- Department of Sociology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Calvey B, Maguire R, de Andrade Moral R, McHugh Power J. Health asymmetry as a predictor of depressive symptomatology over time among older European adults: A growth curve analysis. J Psychosom Res 2023; 166:111158. [PMID: 36731198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Subjective (SH) and objective health (OH) measures are associated with depressive symptomatology in older adults. We explored whether the discrepancy between SH and OH (operationalised as 'health asymmetry' with four categories: 'health optimistic', 'health pessimistic' and 'good health realistic' and 'poor health realistic') may also relate to depressive symptomatology 1) cross-sectionally, and 2) longitudinally, among older European adults. METHODS Adults (n = 26,520), aged 50+, from 11 European countries, were assessed over six waves of data collection (2006-2020) in the SHARE study. A hierarchical multi-level growth curve model explored whether health asymmetry was associated with depressive symptomology at baseline, and with depressive symptom trajectories across time, accounting for country of origin. RESULTS At baseline, 11.8% of older adults were classified as health pessimistic, with 15.5% being health optimistic, 42.9% being poor health realistic and 29.8% being good health realistic. A positive linear trend in depressive symptomatology was noted across 14 years of SHARE data (β = 0.11, p < .001). Health pessimists displayed higher levels of depressive symptoms than both health realistic groups and health optimists. However, health pessimists experienced a less steep increase in depressive symptoms across time (β = -0.10, p < .001), relative to good health realists. CONCLUSION Health pessimists experience elevated levels of depressive symptoms, but show less growth in depressive symptomatology than expected. Further research is required to understand the underlying causes of the varying depressive symptom trajectories among these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bill Calvey
- Hamilton Institute, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
| | - Rebecca Maguire
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Rafael de Andrade Moral
- Hamilton Institute, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Maynooth University, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Joanna McHugh Power
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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Ng ZZ, Li G, Flynn S, Yow WQ. How COVID-19 News Affect Older Adults' Mental Health-Evidence of a Positivity Bias. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3950. [PMID: 36900959 PMCID: PMC10002267 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Media affects the trajectory of many individuals' mental health-with media news, individuals experience negative bias more than positive bias. However, there is also evidence of an age-related positivity effect, with negativity bias generally fading with age. With the rise of COVID-19 cases, older adults (aged 55 years and older) who consume media frequently are at a high risk for declining mental health. To date, there has been no research on the positivity vs. negativity bias of media news on older adults. Here, we investigated whether positivity or negativity bias plays a larger role in affecting how older adults react to COVID-19 news. METHODS Sixty-nine older adults (aged 55-95) answered questions about their weekly media consumption and how closely they followed news relating to COVID-19. They also completed a general health questionnaire. They were then randomly assigned to read either positive or negative COVID-19 news (n = 35 and 34, respectively). The adults were asked if the news made them feel happy or fearful, and if they wanted to read more about the news or ignore the news. RESULTS An analysis revealed that the more often older adults consumed media and the more closely they followed COVID-19 news, the more they felt unhappy and depressed. Importantly, older adults who read positive news reported stronger responses than those who read negative news. Older adults appeared to have a strong positivity bias for COVID-19 news, reporting feeling happy and wanting to read about positive news. In contrast, negative COVID-19 news did not evoke similar levels of response from the older adults. CONCLUSIONS Media consumption of COVID-19 news does negatively impact the mental well-being of older adults, but older adults appear to have a strong positivity bias and a lack of negativity bias for COVID-19 news. These findings suggest that older adults can remain hopeful and positive during periods of public health crises and intense stress, which is essential to sustaining their mental well-being during difficult times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Ziyi Ng
- Raffles Institution, 1 Raffles Institution Lane, Singapore 575954, Singapore
| | - Grace Li
- Palo Alto Senior High School, 50 Embarcadero Road, Palo Alto, CA 94301, USA
| | - Suzanne Flynn
- Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - W. Quin Yow
- Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
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Lifespan effects of current age and of age at the time of remembered events on the affective tone of life narrative memories: Early adolescence and older age are more negative. Mem Cognit 2023:10.3758/s13421-023-01401-x. [PMID: 36813991 PMCID: PMC10368566 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-023-01401-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The affective tone of autobiographical memories may be influenced by age in two ways-by the current age of the remembering individual and by the age of the remembered self at the time of the remembered event. While aging has been associated with more positive autobiographical memories, young adulthood is remembered more positively than other parts of life. We tested whether these effects also show in life story memories and how they act jointly on affective tone; also, we wanted to explore their effects on remembered lifetimes other than early adulthood. We tested effects of current age and age at event on affective tone with brief entire life narratives provided up to five times across 16 years by 172 Germans of both genders, ages 8 to 81 years. Multilevel analyses found an unexpected negativity effect of aging for current age and confirmed a "golden 20s" effect of remembered age. In addition, women told more negative life stories, and affective tone dipped in early adolescence for current age and was remembered as such up to mid-adulthood. Thus, the affective tone of life story memories is jointly influenced by current and remembered age. The absence of a positivity effect in aging is explained by the specific requirements of telling an entire life. We suggest the turmoil of puberty as a reason for the early adolescence dip. Gender differences are potentially explained by differences in narrative style, in depression rates, and in real-life challenges.
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Negative comments and social media: How cognitive biases relate to body image concerns. Body Image 2023; 45:54-64. [PMID: 36812802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Body image concern (BIC) is a prevalent issue thought to be exacerbated by social media. In addition to sociocultural factors, cognitive biases may also contribute to BIC. We explore whether cognitive biases in memory for body image-related words, presented in a mock social-media context, are associated with BIC in young adult women. A sample of 150 University students was presented with a series of body image-related comments aimed at either themselves, a close friend, or a celebrity in a recognisable social media context. Afterwards, a surprise memory task was completed that assessed the participant's memory for body image-related words (item memory), their insight (metamemory), and to whom a specific word was directed (source memory). Self-referential biases were identified for both item memory and source memory. Individuals with greater BIC displayed a greater self-referential bias for correctly and incorrectly sourcing negative words to themselves compared with both friend and celebrity. A greater self-referential effect in metacognitive sensitivity was also associated with higher BIC. We provide novel evidence for a cognitive bias in sourcing negative body image-related information to the self in individuals with higher BIC. The results should inform cognitive remediation programmes aimed at treating individuals with body and eating-related disorders.
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Crawford MT, Hammond MD, Marsh C. Holding on & letting go: romantic attachment and fading affect bias. THE JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 163:1-18. [PMID: 34935589 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2021.2017254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The current research examined the phenomenon of fading affect bias - the tendency for affect associated with negative events to fade more than affect associated with positive events - within the context of romantic relationships. Participants recalled and evaluated positive and negative relationship-specific and non-relationship autobiographical events. Participants also completed measures of attachment avoidance and anxiety. Multi-level modeling demonstrated fading affect bias for relationship and non-relationship events, but that affect fade was shaped by attachment orientations. Specifically, higher attachment anxiety, and lower attachment avoidance predicted greater importance of relationship events which predicted lower fading of affective intensity of memories. Thus, attachment anxiety sustained, while attachment avoidance suppressed the affect of relational memories. We discuss implications of these findings for relationship maintenance.
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James TA, Duarte A. Depressive symptoms are associated with reduced positivity preferences in episodic memory in aging. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 121:38-51. [PMID: 36371815 PMCID: PMC11212072 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Age-related positivity preferences are represented as greater memory benefits for positive and/or reduced benefits for negative material with age. It is unknown if positivity preferences are limited to older adults without depressive symptoms. In this fMRI study, adults across the lifespan with a range of depressive symptoms were scanned as they rated emotional intensity of images and subsequently completed a recognition memory task. Behavioral, univariate, and functional connectivity analyses provided evidence for interactive effects between age and depressive symptoms. With low depressive symptoms, typical age-related emotional preferences emerged: younger age was associated with better memory for negative images, and this benefit was reduced with older age. With increasing depressive symptoms in older age, positivity preferences were reduced, manifesting as improvements in negative memory. The neural data highlighted potential underlying mechanisms, including reductions in prefrontal cortex connectivity reflecting diminished ability to engage regulatory processes to reduce negative affect in older participants with higher depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that depressive symptoms in older adulthood reduce positivity preferences through alterations in neural networks underlying emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A James
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Audrey Duarte
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Agostino C, Sheldon S. Aging alters the details recollected from emotional narratives. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2023; 30:34-52. [PMID: 34420482 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2021.1962792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although it is known that aging impairs episodic memory, the precise effect of aging on emotional memory is not fully understood. In this study, younger and older adults listened to narratives that contained general and emotional (positive, negative, or neutral) details as they viewed related images. When participants later recalled the narratives, both age groups remembered more emotional details from the negative than the positive or neutral narratives. Interestingly, the enhanced recall for the negative narratives came with a reduced ability to remember the associated images for both younger and older adults. For all narrative types, older adults recalled a similar number of general but fewer emotional details than younger adults. Although there were no age-specific emotional effects, memory functioning of the older adults related to better recall of the positive narratives and associated images. These results provide insight into the similarities and differences in how younger and older adults encode and retrieve complex emotional memories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Signy Sheldon
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Zhang M, Siegle GJ. Linking Affective and Hearing Sciences-Affective Audiology. Trends Hear 2023; 27:23312165231208377. [PMID: 37904515 PMCID: PMC10619363 DOI: 10.1177/23312165231208377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing number of health-related sciences, including audiology, have increasingly recognized the importance of affective phenomena. However, in audiology, affective phenomena are mostly studied as a consequence of hearing status. This review first addresses anatomical and functional bidirectional connections between auditory and affective systems that support a reciprocal affect-hearing relationship. We then postulate, by focusing on four practical examples (hearing public campaigns, hearing intervention uptake, thorough hearing evaluation, and tinnitus), that some important challenges in audiology are likely affect-related and that potential solutions could be developed by inspiration from affective science advances. We continue by introducing useful resources from affective science that could help audiology professionals learn about the wide range of affective constructs and integrate them into hearing research and clinical practice in structured and applicable ways. Six important considerations for good quality affective audiology research are summarized. We conclude that it is worthwhile and feasible to explore the explanatory power of emotions, feelings, motivations, attitudes, moods, and other affective processes in depth when trying to understand and predict how people with hearing difficulties perceive, react, and adapt to their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Greg J. Siegle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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