1
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Seabaugh JA, Anderson DM. Pathogenicity and virulence of Yersinia. Virulence 2024; 15:2316439. [PMID: 38389313 PMCID: PMC10896167 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2316439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The genus Yersinia includes human, animal, insect, and plant pathogens as well as many symbionts and harmless bacteria. Within this genus are Yersinia enterocolitica and the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis complex, with four human pathogenic species that are highly related at the genomic level including the causative agent of plague, Yersinia pestis. Extensive laboratory, field work, and clinical research have been conducted to understand the underlying pathogenesis and zoonotic transmission of these pathogens. There are presently more than 500 whole genome sequences from which an evolutionary footprint can be developed that details shared and unique virulence properties. Whereas the virulence of Y. pestis now seems in apparent homoeostasis within its flea transmission cycle, substantial evolutionary changes that affect transmission and disease severity continue to ndergo apparent selective pressure within the other Yersiniae that cause intestinal diseases. In this review, we will summarize the present understanding of the virulence and pathogenesis of Yersinia, highlighting shared mechanisms of virulence and the differences that determine the infection niche and disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarett A. Seabaugh
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | - Deborah M. Anderson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
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2
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Dobson GP, Morris JL, Letson HL. Traumatic brain injury: Symptoms to systems in the 21st century. Brain Res 2024:149271. [PMID: 39395646 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2024] [Accepted: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/14/2024]
Abstract
Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a devastating injury with a mortality of ∼ 25-30 %. Despite decades of high-quality research, no drug therapy has reduced mortality. Why is this so? We argue two contributing factors for the lack of effective drug therapies include the use of specific-pathogen free (SPF) animals for translational research and the flawed practice of single-nodal targeting for drug design. A revolution is required to better understand how the whole body responds to TBI, identify new markers of its progression, and discover new system-acting drugs to treat it. In this review, we present a brief history of TBI, discuss its system's pathophysiology and propose a new research strategy for the 21st century. TBI progression develops from injury signals radiating from the primary impact, which can cause local ischemia, hemorrhage, excitotoxicity, cellular depolarization, immune dysfunction, sympathetic hyperactivity, blood brain barrier breach, coagulopathy and whole-body dysfunction. Metabolic reprograming of immune cells drives neuroinflammation and secondary injury processes. We propose if sympathetic hyperactivity and immune cell activation can be corrected early, cardiovascular function and endothelial-glycocalyx-mitochondrial coupling can be restored, and secondary injury minimized with improved patient outcomes. The therapeutic goal is to switch the injury phenotype to a healing phenotype by restoring homeostasis and maintaining sufficient tissue O2 delivery. We have been developing a small-volume fluid therapy comprising adenosine, lidocaine and magnesium (ALM) to treat TBI and have shown that it blunts the CNS-stress response, supports cardiovascular function and reduces secondary injury. Future research will investigate its suitability for human translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey P Dobson
- Heart, Sepsis and Trauma Research Laboratory, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Queensland 4811, Australia.
| | - Jodie L Morris
- Heart, Sepsis and Trauma Research Laboratory, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Queensland 4811, Australia.
| | - Hayley L Letson
- Heart, Sepsis and Trauma Research Laboratory, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Queensland 4811, Australia.
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3
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Zhang Y, Wu K, Mao D, Iberg CA, Yin-Declue H, Sun K, Wikfors HA, Keeler SP, Li M, Young D, Yantis J, Crouch EC, Chartock JR, Han Z, Byers DE, Brody SL, Romero AG, Holtzman MJ. A first-in-kind MAPK13 inhibitor that can correct stem cell reprogramming and post-injury disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.21.608990. [PMID: 39229202 PMCID: PMC11370402 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.21.608990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
The stress kinase MAPK13 (aka p38δ-MAPK) is an attractive entry point for therapeutic intervention because it regulates the structural remodeling that can develop after epithelial barrier injury in the lung and likely other tissue sites. However, a selective, safe, and effective MAPK13 inhibitor is not yet available for experimental or clinical application. Here we identify a first-in-kind MAPK13 inhibitor using structure-based drug design combined with a screening funnel for cell safety and molecular specificity. This inhibitor (designated NuP-4) down-regulates basal-epithelial stem cell reprogramming, structural remodeling, and pathophysiology equivalently to Mapk13 gene-knockout in mouse and mouse organoid models of post-viral lung disease. This therapeutic benefit persists after stopping treatment as a sign of disease modification and attenuates key aspects of inflammation and remodeling as an indication of disease reversal. Similarly, NuP-4 treatment can directly control cytokine-stimulated growth, immune activation, and mucinous differentiation in human basal-cell organoids. The data thereby provide a new tool and potential fix for long-term stem cell reprogramming after viral injury and related conditions that require MAPK13 induction-activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Kangyun Wu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Dailing Mao
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Courtney A Iberg
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Huiqing Yin-Declue
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Kelly Sun
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Hallie A Wikfors
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Shamus P Keeler
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Ming Li
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Deanna Young
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Jennifer Yantis
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Erika C Crouch
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Joshua R Chartock
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Zhenfu Han
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Derek E Byers
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Steven L Brody
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Arthur G Romero
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Michael J Holtzman
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- NuPeak Therapeutics Inc., St. Louis, MO 63105
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4
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Wu K, Zhang Y, Mao D, Iberg CA, Yin-Declue H, Sun K, Keeler SP, Wikfors HA, Young D, Yantis J, Austin SR, Byers DE, Brody SL, Crouch EC, Romero AG, Holtzman MJ. MAPK13 controls structural remodeling and disease after epithelial injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.31.596863. [PMID: 38895360 PMCID: PMC11185504 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.31.596863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
All living organisms are charged with repair after injury particularly at epithelial barrier sites, but in some cases this response leads instead to structural remodeling and long-term disease. Identifying the molecular and cellular control of this divergence is key to disease modification. In that regard, stress kinase control of epithelial stem cells is a rational entry point for study. Here we examine the potential for mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 (MAPK13) regulation of epithelial stem cells using models of respiratory viral injury and post-viral lung disease. We show that Mapk13 gene-knockout mice handle acute infectious illness as expected but are protected against structural remodeling manifest as basal-epithelial stem cell (basal-ESC) hyperplasia-metaplasia, immune activation, and mucinous differentiation. In corresponding cell models, Mapk13-deficiency directly attenuates basal-ESC growth and organoid formation. Extension to human studies shows marked induction/activation of basal-cell MAPK13 in clinical samples of comparable remodeling found in asthma and COPD. Here again, MAPK13 gene-knockdown inhibits human basal-ESC growth in culture. Together, the data identify MAPK13 as a control for structural remodeling and disease after epithelial injury and as a suitable target for down-regulation as a disease-modifying strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangyun Wu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Yong Zhang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Dailing Mao
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Courtney A Iberg
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Huiqing Yin-Declue
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Kelly Sun
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Shamus P Keeler
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Hallie A Wikfors
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Deanna Young
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Jennifer Yantis
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Stephen R Austin
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Derek E Byers
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Steven L Brody
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Erika C Crouch
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Arthur G Romero
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Michael J Holtzman
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- NuPeak Therapeutics Inc., St. Louis, MO 63105
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5
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Dobson GP, Letson HL, Morris JL. Revolution in sepsis: a symptoms-based to a systems-based approach? J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:57. [PMID: 38811967 PMCID: PMC11138085 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01043-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe infection and sepsis are medical emergencies. High morbidity and mortality are linked to CNS dysfunction, excessive inflammation, immune compromise, coagulopathy and multiple organ dysfunction. Males appear to have a higher risk of mortality than females. Currently, there are few or no effective drug therapies to protect the brain, maintain the blood brain barrier, resolve excessive inflammation and reduce secondary injury in other vital organs. We propose a major reason for lack of progress is a consequence of the treat-as-you-go, single-nodal target approach, rather than a more integrated, systems-based approach. A new revolution is required to better understand how the body responds to an infection, identify new markers to detect its progression and discover new system-acting drugs to treat it. In this review, we present a brief history of sepsis followed by its pathophysiology from a systems' perspective and future opportunities. We argue that targeting the body's early immune-driven CNS-response may improve patient outcomes. If the barrage of PAMPs and DAMPs can be reduced early, we propose the multiple CNS-organ circuits (or axes) will be preserved and secondary injury will be reduced. We have been developing a systems-based, small-volume, fluid therapy comprising adenosine, lidocaine and magnesium (ALM) to treat sepsis and endotoxemia. Our early studies indicate that ALM therapy shifts the CNS from sympathetic to parasympathetic dominance, maintains cardiovascular-endothelial glycocalyx coupling, reduces inflammation, corrects coagulopathy, and maintains tissue O2 supply. Future research will investigate the potential translation to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey P Dobson
- Heart, Sepsis and Trauma Research Laboratory, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
| | - Hayley L Letson
- Heart, Sepsis and Trauma Research Laboratory, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Jodie L Morris
- Heart, Sepsis and Trauma Research Laboratory, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
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6
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Saleki K, Alijanizadeh P, Javanmehr N, Rezaei N. The role of Toll-like receptors in neuropsychiatric disorders: Immunopathology, treatment, and management. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:1267-1325. [PMID: 38226452 DOI: 10.1002/med.22012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders denote a broad range of illnesses involving neurology and psychiatry. These disorders include depressive disorders, anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, headaches, and epilepsy. In addition to their main neuropathology that lies in the central nervous system (CNS), lately, studies have highlighted the role of immunity and neuroinflammation in neuropsychiatric disorders. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are innate receptors that act as a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune systems via adaptor proteins (e.g., MYD88) and downstream elements; TLRs are classified into 13 families that are involved in normal function and illnesses of the CNS. TLRs expression affects the course of neuropsychiatric disorders, and is influenced during their pharmacotherapy; For example, the expression of multiple TLRs is normalized during the major depressive disorder pharmacotherapy. Here, the role of TLRs in neuroimmunology, treatment, and management of neuropsychiatric disorders is discussed. We recommend longitudinal studies to comparatively assess the cell-type-specific expression of TLRs during treatment, illness progression, and remission. Also, further research should explore molecular insights into TLRs regulation and related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiarash Saleki
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- USERN Office, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Department of e-Learning, Virtual School of Medical Education and Management, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Parsa Alijanizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- USERN Office, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Nima Javanmehr
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- USERN Office, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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7
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Shan X, Li R, Ma X, Qiu G, Xiang Y, Zhang X, Wu D, Wang L, Zhang J, Wang T, Li W, Xiang Y, Song H, Niu D. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, immune evasion mechanism and vaccine development of porcine Deltacoronavirus. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:79. [PMID: 38653845 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01346-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Coronaviruses have been identified as pathogens of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in humans and various animal species. In recent years, the global spread of new coronaviruses has had profound influences for global public health and economies worldwide. As highly pathogenic zoonotic viruses, coronaviruses have become the focus of current research. Porcine Deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), an enterovirus belonging to the family of coronaviruses, has emerged on a global scale in the past decade and significantly influenced the swine industry. Moreover, PDCoV infects not only pigs but also other species, including humans, chickens and cattles, exhibiting a broad host tropism. This emphasizes the need for in-depth studies on coronaviruses to mitigate their potential threats. In this review, we provided a comprehensive summary of the current studies on PDCoV. We first reviewed the epidemiological investigations on the global prevalence and distribution of PDCoV. Then, we delved into the studies on the pathogenesis of PDCoV to understand the mechanisms how the virus impacts its hosts. Furthermore, we also presented some exploration studies on the immune evasion mechanisms of the virus to enhance the understanding of host-virus interactions. Despite current limitations in vaccine development for PDCoV, we highlighted the inhibitory effects observed with certain substances, which offers a potential direction for future research endeavors. In conclusion, this review summarized the scientific findings in epidemiology, pathogenesis, immune evasion mechanisms and vaccine development of PDCoV. The ongoing exploration of potential vaccine candidates and the insights gained from inhibitory substances have provided a solid foundation for future vaccine development to prevent and control diseases associated with PDCoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco- Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, 666 Wusu street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco- Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, 666 Wusu street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco- Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, 666 Wusu street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- Jinhua Jinfan Feed Co., Ltd, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoqiang Qiu
- Deqing County Ecological Forestry Comprehensive Service Center, Deqing, 313200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Xiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco- Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, 666 Wusu street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- The Central Hospital of Jinhua City, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - De Wu
- Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinhua Development Zone, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Wang
- The Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Jinhua City, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhong Zhang
- The Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Jinhua City, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Nanjing Kgene Genetic Engineering Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 211300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weifen Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun Xiang
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Houhui Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco- Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, 666 Wusu street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Dong Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco- Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, 666 Wusu street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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Adams CS, Kim H, Burtner AE, Lee DS, Dobbins C, Criswell C, Coventry B, Kim HM, King NP. De novo design of protein minibinder agonists of TLR3. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.17.589973. [PMID: 38659926 PMCID: PMC11042314 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.17.589973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Toll-like Receptor 3 (TLR3) is a pattern recognition receptor that initiates antiviral immune responses upon binding double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Several nucleic acid-based TLR3 agonists have been explored clinically as vaccine adjuvants in cancer and infectious disease, but present substantial manufacturing and formulation challenges. Here, we use computational protein design to create novel miniproteins that bind to human TLR3 with nanomolar affinities. Cryo-EM structures of two minibinders in complex with TLR3 reveal that they bind the target as designed, although one partially unfolds due to steric competition with a nearby N-linked glycan. Multimeric forms of both minibinders induce NF-κB signaling in TLR3-expressing cell lines, demonstrating that they may have therapeutically relevant biological activity. Our work provides a foundation for the development of specific, stable, and easy-to-formulate protein-based agonists of TLRs and other pattern recognition receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe S. Adams
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
| | - Hyojin Kim
- Center for Biomolecular & Cellular Structure, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, South Korea
| | - Abigail E. Burtner
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
| | - Dong Sun Lee
- Center for Biomolecular & Cellular Structure, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, South Korea
| | - Craig Dobbins
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
| | - Cameron Criswell
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
| | - Brian Coventry
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
| | - Ho Min Kim
- Center for Biomolecular & Cellular Structure, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Neil P. King
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
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9
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Holtzman MJ, Zhang Y, Wu K, Romero AG. Mitogen-activated protein kinase-guided drug discovery for post-viral and related types of lung disease. Eur Respir Rev 2024; 33:230220. [PMID: 38417971 PMCID: PMC10900067 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0220-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections are a major public health problem, with much of their morbidity and mortality due to post-viral lung diseases that progress and persist after the active infection is cleared. This paradigm is implicated in the most common forms of chronic lung disease, such as asthma and COPD, as well as other virus-linked diseases including progressive and long-term coronavirus disease 2019. Despite the impact of these diseases, there is a lack of small-molecule drugs available that can precisely modify this type of disease process. Here we will review current progress in understanding the pathogenesis of post-viral and related lung disease with characteristic remodelling phenotypes. We will also develop how this data leads to mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in general and MAPK13 in particular as key druggable targets in this pathway. We will also explore recent advances and predict the future breakthroughs in structure-based drug design that will provide new MAPK inhibitors as drug candidates for clinical applications. Each of these developments point to a more effective approach to treating the distinct epithelial and immune cell based mechanisms, which better account for the morbidity and mortality of post-viral and related types of lung disease. This progress is vital given the growing prevalence of respiratory viruses and other inhaled agents that trigger stereotyped progression to acute illness and chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Holtzman
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NuPeak Therapeutics Inc., St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kangyun Wu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Arthur G Romero
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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10
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Winter J, Jepsen S. Role of innate host defense proteins in oral cancerogenesis. Periodontol 2000 2024. [PMID: 38265172 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
It is nowadays well accepted that chronic inflammation plays a pivotal role in tumor initiation and progression. Under this aspect, the oral cavity is predestined to examine this connection because periodontitis is a highly prevalent chronic inflammatory disease and oral squamous cell carcinomas are the most common oral malignant lesions. In this review, we describe how particular molecules of the human innate host defense system may participate as molecular links between these two important chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Specific focus is directed toward antimicrobial polypeptides, such as the cathelicidin LL-37 and human defensins, as well as S100 proteins and alarmins. We report in which way these peptides and proteins are able to initiate and support oral tumorigenesis, showing direct mechanisms by binding to growth-stimulating cell surface receptors and/or indirect effects, for example, inducing tumor-promoting genes. Finally, bacterial challenges with impact on oral cancerogenesis are briefly addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Winter
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Søren Jepsen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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11
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Zhao L, Ma D, Wang L, Su X, Feng L, Zhu L, Chen Y, Hao Y, Wang X, Feng J. Metabolic changes with the occurrence of atherosclerotic plaques and the effects of statins. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1301051. [PMID: 38143759 PMCID: PMC10739339 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1301051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a common cardiovascular disease caused by the abnormal expression of multiple factors and genes influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. The primary manifestation of atherosclerosis is plaque formation, which occurs when inflammatory cells consume excess lipids, affecting their retention and modification within the arterial intima. This triggers endothelial cell (EC) activation, immune cell infiltration, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration, foam cell formation, lipid streaks, and fibrous plaque development. These processes can lead to vascular wall sclerosis, lumen stenosis, and thrombosis. Immune cells, ECs, and VSMCs in atherosclerotic plaques undergo significant metabolic changes and inflammatory responses. The interaction of cytokines and chemokines secreted by these cells leads to the onset, progression, and regression of atherosclerosis. The regulation of cell- or cytokine-based immune responses is a novel therapeutic approach for atherosclerosis. Statins are currently the primary pharmacological agents utilised for managing unstable plaques owing to their ability to enhance endothelial function, regulate VSMC proliferation and apoptosis by reducing cholesterol levels, and mitigate the expression and activity of inflammatory cytokines. In this review, we provide an overview of the metabolic changes associated with atherosclerosis, describe the effects of inflammatory responses on atherosclerotic plaques, and discuss the mechanisms through which statins contribute to plaque stabilisation. Additionally, we examine the role of statins in combination with other drugs in the management of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Di Ma
- Bethune First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - LiJuan Wang
- Bethune First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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12
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Keeler SP, Wu K, Zhang Y, Mao D, Li M, Iberg CA, Austin SR, Glaser SA, Yantis J, Podgorny S, Brody SL, Chartock JR, Han Z, Byers DE, Romero AG, Holtzman MJ. A potent MAPK13-14 inhibitor prevents airway inflammation and mucus production. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 325:L726-L740. [PMID: 37847710 PMCID: PMC11068410 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00183.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Common respiratory diseases continue to represent a major public health problem, and much of the morbidity and mortality is due to airway inflammation and mucus production. Previous studies indicated a role for mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14) in this type of disease, but clinical trials are unsuccessful to date. Our previous work identified a related but distinct kinase known as MAPK13 that is activated in respiratory airway diseases and is required for mucus production in human cell-culture models. Support for MAPK13 function in these models came from effectiveness of MAPK13 versus MAPK14 gene-knockdown and from first-generation MAPK13-14 inhibitors. However, these first-generation inhibitors were incompletely optimized for blocking activity and were untested in vivo. Here we report the next generation and selection of a potent MAPK13-14 inhibitor (designated NuP-3) that more effectively downregulates type-2 cytokine-stimulated mucus production in air-liquid interface and organoid cultures of human airway epithelial cells. We also show that NuP-3 treatment prevents respiratory airway inflammation and mucus production in new minipig models of airway disease triggered by type-2 cytokine challenge or respiratory viral infection. The results thereby provide the next advance in developing a small-molecule kinase inhibitor to address key features of respiratory disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study describes the discovery of a potent mitogen-activated protein kinase 13-14 (MAPK13-14) inhibitor and its effectiveness in models of respiratory airway disease. The findings thereby provide a scheme for pathogenesis and therapy of lung diseases [e.g., asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Covid-19, postviral, and allergic respiratory disease] and related conditions that implicate MAPK13-14 function. The findings also refine a hypothesis for epithelial and immune cell functions in respiratory disease that features MAPK13 as a possible component of this disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamus P Keeler
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Kangyun Wu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Yong Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Dailing Mao
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Ming Li
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Courtney A Iberg
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | | | - Samuel A Glaser
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Jennifer Yantis
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Stephanie Podgorny
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Steven L Brody
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Joshua R Chartock
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Zhenfu Han
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Derek E Byers
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Arthur G Romero
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Michael J Holtzman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- NuPeak Therapeutics Inc., St. Louis, Missouri, United States
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13
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Kang JH, Lee HY, Kim NY, Lee DS, Yim M. Extracellular Prdx1 mediates bacterial infection and inflammatory bone diseases. Life Sci 2023; 333:122140. [PMID: 37797684 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to determine the role of extracellular peroxiredoxin 1 (Prdx1) in the pathogenesis of bacterial infections and inflammatory bone disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS We first investigated the role of Prdx1 using knockout mice. Next, we determined the role of extracellular Prdx1 in bacterial infections by using a neutralizing antibody against Prdx1. We finally investigated whether blockade of extracellular Prdx1 affected high- or low-grade inflammatory bone diseases using calvarial osteolysis, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), and microgravity-induced bone loss in mouse models. KEY FINDINGS The lack of Prdx1 increased susceptibility to infections by Listeria monocytogenes or Escherichia coli. Prdx1 is released into the serum upon E. coli infection, and blockade of extracellular Prdx1 confers significant protection against bacterial infections. Our data suggested that circulating Prdx1 is increased by the development of osteolytic disease, and that blockade of extracellular Prdx1 exerts therapeutic effects against high- and low-grade inflammatory bone loss. In addition, the release of Prdx1 under inflammatory osteolytic conditions partly depends on non-canonical TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF)-caspase-11-gasdemin D (GSDMD) inflammasome pathways. SIGNIFICANCE Extracellular Prdx1 is involved in the development of bacterial infections and inflammatory bone disease. Thus, extracellular Prdx1 may represent a novel therapeutic target for bacterial infections or inflammatory osteolytic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hee Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Yeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijung Yim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Keeler SP, Wu K, Zhang Y, Mao D, Li M, Iberg CA, Austin SR, Glaser SA, Yantis J, Podgorny S, Brody SL, Chartock JR, Han Z, Byers DE, Romero AG, Holtzman MJ. A potent MAPK13-14 inhibitor prevents airway inflammation and mucus production. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.26.542451. [PMID: 37292761 PMCID: PMC10246002 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.26.542451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Common respiratory diseases continue to represent a major public health problem, and much of the morbidity and mortality is due to airway inflammation and mucus production. Previous studies indicated a role for mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14) in this type of disease, but clinical trials are unsuccessful to date. Our previous work identified a related but distinct kinase known as MAPK13 that is activated in respiratory airway diseases and is required for mucus production in human cell-culture models. Support for MAPK13 function in these models came from effectiveness of MAPK13 versus MAPK14 gene-knockdown and from first-generation MAPK13-14 inhibitors. However, these first-generation inhibitors were incompletely optimized for blocking activity and were untested in vivo. Here we report the next generation and selection of a potent MAPK13-14 inhibitor (designated NuP-3) that more effectively down-regulates type-2 cytokine-stimulated mucus production in air-liquid interface and organoid cultures of human airway epithelial cells. We also show that NuP-3 treatment prevents respiratory airway inflammation and mucus production in new minipig models of airway disease triggered by type-2 cytokine challenge or respiratory viral infection. The results thereby provide the next advance in developing a small-molecule kinase inhibitor to address key features of respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamus P. Keeler
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Kangyun Wu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Yong Zhang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Dailing Mao
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Ming Li
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Courtney A. Iberg
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | | | - Samuel A. Glaser
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Jennifer Yantis
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Stephanie Podgorny
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Steven L. Brody
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Joshua R. Chartock
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Zhenfu Han
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Derek E. Byers
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Arthur G. Romero
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Michael J. Holtzman
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- NuPeak Therapeutics Inc., St. Louis, MO 63105
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15
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Attia H, Alzoubi A, Al-anazi N, Alshanwani A, El-Orabi N, Alanteet A, Mohamad R, Ali R. Protective effects of cardamom aqueous extract against tamoxifen-induced pancreatic injury in female rats. Toxicol Res 2023; 39:721-737. [PMID: 37779590 PMCID: PMC10541358 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-023-00198-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) is a commonly used drug for breast cancer treatment. Although effective, TAM has deleterious effects on many organs. The toxic effects of TAM on the pancreas and the underlying mechanisms however, have not fully investigated. In the present study, we investigated the effects of TAM on the pancreatic tissue in female rats. We also examined whether cardamom aqueous extract (CAE) protects against TAM-induced pancreatic injury. TAM-intoxicated rats were injected with 45 mg/kg of TAM for 10 days, whereas rats in the CAE-treated group were administered 10 mL/kg of CAE for 20 days, starting 10 days prior to TAM administration. Treatment with TAM resulted in severe degeneration of the pancreatic acini and marked increases in the serum levels of pancreatic lipase, α-amylase, glucose, fatty acids and triglycerides along with decreased insulin serum levels. TAM led to oxidative stress as evident from a significant increase in the pancreatic levels of lipid peroxides and nitric oxide along with the depletion of reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. Moreover, inflammation was indicated by a significant increase in tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 levels, enhanced expression of the macrophage recruitment marker; CD68 as well as up-regulated protein levels of toll-like receptor 4 and nuclear factor kappa B and increased p-p38/MAPK ratio; which are important signals in the production of inflammatory cytokines. TAM also markedly increased the pancreatic levels of caspase-3 and BAX reflecting its apoptotic effects. The CAE treatment ameliorated all the biochemical and histological changes induced by TAM. The present study revealed, for the first time, that TAM has toxic effects on the pancreatic tissue through oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptotic effects. The present study also provides evidence that CAE exerts cytoprotective effects against these deleterious effects induced by TAM in the pancreatic tissue. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43188-023-00198-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box: 2454, Riyadh, 11495 Saudi Arabia
| | - Afraa Alzoubi
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495 Saudi Arabia
| | - Nour Al-anazi
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495 Saudi Arabia
| | - Aliah Alshanwani
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495 Saudi Arabia
| | - Naglaa El-Orabi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522 Egypt
| | - Alaa Alanteet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box: 2454, Riyadh, 11495 Saudi Arabia
| | - Raeesa Mohamad
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495 Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box: 2454, Riyadh, 11495 Saudi Arabia
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16
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Kunze R, Fischer S, Marti HH, Preissner KT. Brain alarm by self-extracellular nucleic acids: from neuroinflammation to neurodegeneration. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:64. [PMID: 37550658 PMCID: PMC10405513 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00954-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, as well as the neurodegenerative diseases Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease are accompanied or even powered by danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), defined as endogenous molecules released from stressed or damaged tissue. Besides protein-related DAMPs or "alarmins", numerous nucleic acid DAMPs exist in body fluids, such as cell-free nuclear and mitochondrial DNA as well as different species of extracellular RNA, collectively termed as self-extracellular nucleic acids (SENAs). Among these, microRNA, long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs and extracellular ribosomal RNA constitute the majority of RNA-based DAMPs. Upon tissue injury, necrosis or apoptosis, such SENAs are released from neuronal, immune and other cells predominantly in association with extracellular vesicles and may be translocated to target cells where they can induce intracellular regulatory pathways in gene transcription and translation. The majority of SENA-induced signaling reactions in the brain appear to be related to neuroinflammatory processes, often causally associated with the onset or progression of the respective disease. In this review, the impact of the diverse types of SENAs on neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases will be discussed. Based on the accumulating knowledge in this field, several specific antagonistic approaches are presented that could serve as therapeutic interventions to lower the pathological outcome of the indicated brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiner Kunze
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silvia Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hugo H. Marti
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus T. Preissner
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
- Kerckhoff-Heart-Research-Institute, Department of Cardiology, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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17
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Kawamoto Y, Wu Y, Takahashi Y, Takakura Y. Development of nucleic acid medicines based on chemical technology. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114872. [PMID: 37244354 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide-based therapeutics have attracted attention as an emerging modality that includes the modulation of genes and their binding proteins related to diseases, allowing us to take action on previously undruggable targets. Since the late 2010s, the number of oligonucleotide medicines approved for clinical uses has dramatically increased. Various chemistry-based technologies have been developed to improve the therapeutic properties of oligonucleotides, such as chemical modification, conjugation, and nanoparticle formation, which can increase nuclease resistance, enhance affinity and selectivity to target sites, suppress off-target effects, and improve pharmacokinetic properties. Similar strategies employing modified nucleobases and lipid nanoparticles have been used for developing coronavirus disease 2019 mRNA vaccines. In this review, we provide an overview of the development of chemistry-based technologies aimed at using nucleic acids for developing therapeutics over the past several decades, with a specific emphasis on the structural design and functionality of chemical modification strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kawamoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - You Wu
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Takakura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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18
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Nguyen TP, Nguyen BT, Dao TNL, Ho TH, Lee PT. Investigation of the functional role of UNC93B1 in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): mRNA expression, subcellular localization, and physical interaction with fish-specific TLRs. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:108902. [PMID: 37330026 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the major food fish worldwide. The farming business, on the other hand, has faced considerable obstacles, such as disease infestations. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important function in the activation of the innate immune system in response to infections. Unc-93 homolog B1 (UNC93B1) is a key regulator of nucleic acid (NA)-sensing TLRs. Here the UNC93B1 gene, which was cloned from Nile tilapia tissue for this investigation, had the same genetic structure as a homologous gene in humans and mice. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Nile tilapia UNC93B1 clustered with UNC93B1 from other species and separately from the UNC93A clade. The gene structure of the Nile tilapia UNC93B1 was found to be identical to that of human UNC93B1. Our gene expression studies revealed that Nile tilapia UNC93B1 was highly expressed in the spleen, followed by other immune-related tissues such as the head kidney, gills, and intestine. Moreover, Nile tilapia UNC93B1 mRNA transcripts were up-regulated in vivo in the head kidney and spleen tissues from poly I:C and Streptococcus agalactiae injected Nile tilapia, as well as in vitro in LPS stimulated Tilapia head kidney (THK) cells. The Nile tilapia UNC93B1-GFP protein signal was detected in the cytosol of THK cells and was co-localized with endoplasmic reticulum and lysosome but not with mitochondria. Moreover, the results of a co-immunoprecipitation and immunostaining analysis showed that Nile tilapia UNC93B1 can be pulled down with fish-specific TLRs such as TLR18 and TLR25 from Nile tilapia, and was found to be co-localized with these fish-specific TLRs in the THK cells. Overall, our findings highlight the potential role of UNC93B1 as an accessory protein in fish-specific TLR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Phat Nguyen
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Bao Trung Nguyen
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Ngoc Linh Dao
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Thi Hang Ho
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Tsang Lee
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
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19
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Alan E, Daldaban F, Alan A, Aksel EG, Orhan İ, Ulaş Çinar M, Akyüz B, Arslan K. TLR4, MyD88, and TNF-α Expression in the Lungs of Akkaraman and Romanov Lambs in Response to LPS and LTA. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:1488-1502. [PMID: 37488827 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors are involved in the recognition of bacterial toxins, which cause infection in the respiratory system. This study aimed to evaluate microanatomical and histological alterations in the lungs of 24 healthy Akkaraman and Romanov lambs after the administration of lipoteichoic acid (LTA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and LTA + LPS and investigate the gene, protein, and immune expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, and TNF-α molecules, known to have immune functions. Microanatomical examinations showed thickened peribronchial and alveolar walls in the lungs of groups LTA, LPS, and LTA + LPS of both breeds due to immune cell infiltration. TLR4, MyD88, and TNF-α immunoexpressions were positive to varying degrees in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the bronchial and bronchiolar luminal epithelial cells, alveolar epithelial cells, and alveolar macrophages. TLR4 and TNF-α protein expressions were statistically different in the LPS-treated Romanov lambs, compared to the other groups. Among the Akkaraman lambs, TLR4 gene expression was significantly higher in group LPS, and among the Romanov lambs, TLR4, MyD88, and TNF-α gene expressions were significantly higher in group LTA + LPS. Therefore, TLR4, MyD88, and TNF-α molecules, involved in the immune response, were found to be expressed at different levels against LTA and LPS in the lungs of two different sheep breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Alan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Fadime Daldaban
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Aydın Alan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Esma Gamze Aksel
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - İmdat Orhan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ulaş Çinar
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Bilal Akyüz
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Korhan Arslan
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
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20
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Singh L, Kaur N, Bhatti R. Neuroprotective potential of biochanin-A and review of the molecular mechanisms involved. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:5369-5378. [PMID: 37039995 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08397-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Biochanin-A is a naturally occurring plant phytoestrogen, which mimics specific the agonistic activity of estrogens. Biochanin-A is known to possess numerous activities, including neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities, along with the anticancer activity. Neuroinflammation is thought to play a pivotal pathological role in neurodegenerative disease. Sustained neuroinflammatory processes lead to progressive neuronal damage in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Activation of PI3K/Akt cascade and inhibition of MAPK signaling cascade have been observed to be responsible for conferring protection against neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. An increased oxidative stress promotes neuronal apoptosis via potentiating the TLR-4/NF-κB and inhibiting PI3K/Akt signaling mediated increase in pro-apoptotic and decreases in antiapoptotic proteins. Various authors have explored biochanin-A's neuroprotective effect by using various cell lines and animal models. Biochanin-A has been reported to mediate its neuroprotective via reducing the level of oxidants, inflammatory mediators, MAPK, TLR-4, NF-κB, NADPH oxidase, AchE, COX-2 and iNOS. Whereas, it has been observed to increase the level of anti-oxidants, along with phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt proteins. The current review has been designed to provide insights into the neuroprotective effect of biochanin-A and possible signaling pathways leading to protection against neuroinflammation and apoptosis in the central nervous system. This review will be helpful in guiding future researchers to further explore biochanin A at a mechanistic level to obtain useful lead molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovedeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Rajbir Bhatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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21
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Microscopic lesions and modulation of gene expression in cervical medulla during BoAHV-1and BoAHV-5 infection: A mini-review. Res Vet Sci 2023; 156:81-87. [PMID: 36791580 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus (BoAHV) types 1 and 5 are closely-related neurotropic alpha-herpesviruses. BoAHV-1 generally causes respiratory and genital disease but can occasionally cause encephalitis. BoAHV-5 is the causative agent of non suppurative meningoencephalitis in calves. During neuroinvasion, both viruses reach the central and peripheral nervous system. While brain alterations are well-described, the changes that occur in the medulla have not been fully detailed. In this work, we integrated and analyzed the virological findings, the microscopic lesions and the changes that occur in the expression of genes related to the innate immunity, cell cycle and apoptosis in the cervical medulla of calves experimentally-infected with BoAHV-1 and BoAHV-5. This will contribute to the understanding of the differential neuropathogenesis of these alpha-herpesviruses of cattle.
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22
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The association of gene polymorphisms with milk production and mastitis resistance phenotypic traits in dairy cattle. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between gene polymorphisms (SNPs) and mastitis indicators and their relationship with milk production profitability in dairy herd.A functional analysis was also performed of five genes containing the studied SNPs and those located close by. DNA was isolated from the hair bulb of 320 dairy cows kept in three herds and SNP-microarray analysis was performed. The data on 299 cows was subjected to final statistical analysis using AI-REML method with one-trait repeatability test-day animal model and pedigree information using the DMU4 package. Five from 35 SNPs significantly associated with mastitis indicators or production traits and located within a gene or no more than 500,000 nucleotides from the gene were selected for the functional and economic analysis. A questionnaire was also developed to collect associated economic data of 219 cows from three herds, such as the value of milk production and direct costs incurred over three years; this allowed the gross margin, direct profitability index and direct costs incurred to produce one liter of milk to be determined, among others. None of the five studied SNPs were related to protein content. The rs110785912(T/A), found near CXCR4, and rs136813430(T/C), located in the TLR4 gene exon, were associated with lnSCC, while rs110455063(C/G), located near IGFI, was associated with milk yield, fat and total solid contents. rs109421300(T/C), associated with fat/protein content ratio, as well as fat and total solid content, is located in the DGAT1 gene intron. rs41587003(A/C), located in the DLG2 gene intron, was associated with lactose content. The economic analysis revealed differences between the variants of the three tested SNPs. The T/C variant of the rs136813430(T/C) SNP was characterized by the highest gross margin, the highest direct profitability index and the lowest costs incurred to produce 1 liter of milk. The T/A variant of rs110785912(T/A) was related to low lnSCC and was characterized by the highest direct profitability index. In turn, the C/C variant of the rs41587003(T/C) was related to the lowest level of lactose and the highest costs of milk production. It appears that rs136813430(T/C) may be the most promising of the tested SNPs for increasing the profitability of milk production. To our knowledge, it is the first effort to assess directly a correlation between the DNA polymorphism and economic output of a dairy enterprise.
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23
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Ayaki S, Mii T, Matsuno K, Tokuyama T, Tokuyama T, Tokuyama T, Uyama T, Ueda N. β-1,4-Galactan suppresses lipid synthesis in sebaceous gland cells via TLR4. J Biochem 2023; 173:85-94. [PMID: 36288613 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvac085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sebum is a lipid mixture secreted from sebaceous glands of the skin. The excessive secretion of sebum causes acne vulgaris and seborrheic dermatitis, while its deficiency causes xerosis. Therefore, the appropriate control of sebum secretion is crucially important to keep the skin healthy. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of naturally occurring polysaccharides on lipid biosynthesis in hamster sebaceous gland cells. Among the tested polysaccharides, β-1,4-galactan, the main chain of type I arabinogalactan, most potently suppressed lipid synthesis in the sebaceous gland cells as analysed by oil red O staining. Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 inhibitors counteracted this suppressive effect and lipopolysaccharide, a TLR4 ligand, mimicked this effect, suggesting the involvement of the TLR4 signalling pathway. In the cells β-1,4-galactan significantly decreased mRNA levels of lipogenesis-related transcription factors (peroxisomeGraphical Abstract$\includegraphics{\bwartpath }$ proliferator-activated receptor γ and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1) and enzymes (acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase) as well as the glucose transporter GLUT4. Furthermore, β-1,4-galactan increased the production of lactic acid serving as a natural moisturizing factor and enhanced the proliferation of sebaceous gland cells. These results suggest potential of β-1,4-galactan as a material with therapeutic and cosmetic values for the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Ayaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.,Yushin Brewer Co., Ltd., Ayagawa, Kagawa 761-2307, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Mii
- Yushin Brewer Co., Ltd., Ayagawa, Kagawa 761-2307, Japan
| | - Kosuke Matsuno
- Yushin Brewer Co., Ltd., Ayagawa, Kagawa 761-2307, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Toru Uyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Natsuo Ueda
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
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24
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Sánchez MF, Dietz MS, Müller U, Weghuber J, Gatterdam K, Wieneke R, Heilemann M, Lanzerstorfer P, Tampé R. Dynamic in Situ Confinement Triggers Ligand-Free Neuropeptide Receptor Signaling. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8363-8371. [PMID: 36219818 PMCID: PMC9614963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Membrane receptor clustering is fundamental to cell-cell communication; however, the physiological function of receptor clustering in cell signaling remains enigmatic. Here, we developed a dynamic platform to induce cluster formation of neuropeptide Y2 hormone receptors (Y2R) in situ by a chelator nanotool. The multivalent interaction enabled a dynamic exchange of histidine-tagged Y2R within the clusters. Fast Y2R enrichment in clustered areas triggered ligand-independent signaling as determined by an increase in cytosolic calcium and cell migration. Notably, the calcium and motility response to ligand-induced activation was amplified in preclustered cells, suggesting a key role of receptor clustering in sensitizing the dose response to lower ligand concentrations. Ligand-independent versus ligand-induced signaling differed in the binding of arrestin-3 as a downstream effector, which was recruited to the clusters only in the presence of the ligand. This approach allows in situ receptor clustering, raising the possibility to explore different receptor activation modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Florencia Sánchez
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University
Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str.
9, 60438 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
| | - Marina S. Dietz
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe
University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ulrike Müller
- School
of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4600 Wels, Austria
| | - Julian Weghuber
- School
of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4600 Wels, Austria
- FFoQSI
- Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety &
Innovation, FFoQSI GmbH, Technopark 1D, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Karl Gatterdam
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University
Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str.
9, 60438 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
| | - Ralph Wieneke
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University
Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str.
9, 60438 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
| | - Mike Heilemann
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe
University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Lanzerstorfer
- School
of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4600 Wels, Austria
| | - Robert Tampé
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University
Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str.
9, 60438 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
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Suleman M, Rashid F, Ali S, Sher H, Luo S, Xie L, Xie Z. Immunoinformatic-based design of immune-boosting multiepitope subunit vaccines against monkeypox virus and validation through molecular dynamics and immune simulation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1042997. [PMID: 36311718 PMCID: PMC9606240 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1042997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monkeypox virus is the causative agent of monkeypox disease, belonging to an orthopoxvirus genus, with a disease pattern similar to that of smallpox. The number of monkeypox cases have robustly increased recently in several countries around the world, potentially causing an international threat. Therefore, serious measures are indispensable to be taken to mitigate the spread of the disease and hence, under these circumstances, vaccination is the best choice to neutralize the monkeypox virus. In the current study, we used immunoinformatic approaches to target the L1R, B5R, and A33R proteins of the monkeypox virus to screen for immunogenic cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL), helper T-lymphocyte (HTL), and B-cell epitopes to construct multiepitope subunit vaccines. Various online tools predicted the best epitope from immunogenic targets (L1R, B5R, and A33R) of monkeypox virus. The predicted epitopes were joined together by different linkers and subjected to 3D structure prediction. Molecular dynamics simulation analysis confirmed the proper folding of the modeled proteins. The strong binding of the constructed vaccines with human TLR-2 was verified by the molecular docking and determination of dissociation constant values. The GC content and codon adaptation index (CAI) values confirmed the high expression of the constructed vaccines in the pET-28a (+) expression vector. The immune response simulation data delineated that the injected vaccines robustly activated the immune system, triggering the production of high titers of IgG and IgM antibodies. In conclusion, this study provided a solid base of concept to develop dynamic and effective vaccines that contain several monkeypox virus-derived highly antigenic and nonallergenic peptides to control the current pandemic of monkeypox virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Suleman
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Farooq Rashid
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Shahid Ali
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Sher
- Centre for Plant Science and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Sisi Luo
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - Liji Xie
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - Zhixun Xie
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
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Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Propolis and Its Polyphenolic Compounds against Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810479. [PMID: 36142391 PMCID: PMC9499605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, interest in natural products such as alternative sources of pharmaceuticals for numerous chronic diseases, including tumors, has been renewed. Propolis, a natural product collected by honeybees, and polyphenolic/flavonoid propolis-related components modulate all steps of the cancer progression process. Anticancer activity of propolis and its compounds relies on various mechanisms: cell-cycle arrest and attenuation of cancer cells proliferation, reduction in the number of cancer stem cells, induction of apoptosis, modulation of oncogene signaling pathways, inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases, prevention of metastasis, anti-angiogenesis, anti-inflammatory effects accompanied by the modulation of the tumor microenvironment (by modifying macrophage activation and polarization), epigenetic regulation, antiviral and bactericidal activities, modulation of gut microbiota, and attenuation of chemotherapy-induced deleterious side effects. Ingredients from propolis also "sensitize" cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents, likely by blocking the activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). In this review, we summarize the current knowledge related to the the effects of flavonoids and other polyphenolic compounds from propolis on tumor growth and metastasizing ability, and discuss possible molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the modulation of inflammatory pathways and cellular processes that affect survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis of the tumor.
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27
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He J, Hu S, Xie Y, Wei Y, Zhang Q, Pi X, Qi Z. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of TRIF, TRAF6, and TBK1 of golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:604-610. [PMID: 35809882 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-β (TRIF), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) are critical signal transducers in toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling pathway. In the present study, TRIF, TRAF6 and TBK1 were characterized from golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus), named as TroTRIF, TroTRAF6 and TroTBK1, respectively. The full cDNA length of TroTRIF, TroTRAF6 and TroTBK1 was 2297 bp, 2293 bp, and 2482 bp, which respectively encoded 589, 573 and 723 amino acids. The deduced amino acids sequences of TroTRIF, TroTRAF6 and TroTBK1 contained conserved motifs, similar to their counterparts in other vertebrates. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that TroTRIF, TroTRAF6 and TroTBK1 were well clustered with their counterparts in other fish species. Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR) analysis showed that TroTRIF, TroTBK1 and TroTRAF6 were detected in all examined tissues of healthy fish, but shared distinct transcript levels. Moreover, the expressions of TroTRIF, TroTBK1 and TroTRAF6 were generally induced by polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (polyI:C), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and Vibrio alginolyticus stimulation in vivo, indicating their critical roles in the immune defense of golden pompano against pathogen invasion. Our results provide valuable information for understanding the functions of these genes in golden pompano.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinquan He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Autonomous Region, 530004, China
| | - Shu Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Autonomous Region, 530004, China
| | - Yushuai Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Autonomous Region, 530004, China
| | - Youchuan Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Autonomous Region, 530004, China.
| | - Qihuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224051, China
| | - Xiangyu Pi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224051, China
| | - Zhitao Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224051, China.
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28
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Targeting toll-like receptors on T cells as a therapeutic strategy against tumors. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 107:108708. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Dejon-Agobé JC, Edoa JR, Adegnika AA, Grobusch MP. Schistosomiasis in Gabon from 2000 to 2021 - A review. Acta Trop 2022; 228:106317. [PMID: 35051384 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Schistosomiasis is a public health issue of concern in Gabon, with the disease being reported from all regions of the country. The topic has been of interest for the local researchers and physicians for over two decades. The objective of this narrative review was to provide an overview of the research activities in the area from 2000 to early 2021. METHODS We performed a narrative literature review. The search strategy was designed to get a broad overview of the different research topics on schistosomiasis and the national control programme, and included grey literature. RESULTS A total of 159 articles was screened, and 42 were included into the review in addition to the grey literature. During the past two decades, the work on schistosomiasis originated from five out of the nine provinces of the country, with diverse aspects of the disease investigated; including immunology, epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment. Several studies investigated various aspects of schistosomiasis-related morbidity in the respective study populations. The body of work demonstrates that much effort was made to understand the details of the host immune response to schistosomiasis, and the immune profile changes induced in patients treated with praziquantel. Although some MDA campaigns were conducted in the country; little, however, is known on the epidemiological situation of the disease, particularly of its distribution within the population, as well as co-infections with other parasitic diseases also endemic in the area. CONCLUSION Progress has been made over the past two decades in the understanding of schistosomiasis in the country, including disease-related morbidity and its interaction with other parasitic infections, and the immunology and epidemiology of the disease. However, for optimising control of the disease, there is a need to fine-tune these findings with detailed local epidemiological and malacological data. We call for such studies to accomplish the knowledge of schistosomiasis in the country, particularly in areas of moderate or high endemicity, and recommend this approach to comparable schistosomiasis-endemic areas elsewhere.
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Kotlyarov S, Kotlyarova A. Involvement of Fatty Acids and Their Metabolites in the Development of Inflammation in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031308. [PMID: 35163232 PMCID: PMC8835729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite all the advances of modern medicine, atherosclerosis continues to be one of the most important medical and social problems. Atherosclerosis is the cause of several cardiovascular diseases, which are associated with high rates of disability and mortality. The development of atherosclerosis is associated with the accumulation of lipids in the arterial intima and the disruption of mechanisms that maintain the balance between the development and resolution of inflammation. Fatty acids are involved in many mechanisms of inflammation development and maintenance. Endothelial cells demonstrate multiple cross-linkages between lipid metabolism and innate immunity. In addition, these processes are linked to hemodynamics and the function of other cells in the vascular wall, highlighting the central role of the endothelium in vascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Kotlyarova
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia;
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31
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The human fungal pathogen Malassezia and its role in cancer. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Durślewicz J, Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska A, Jóźwicki J, Antosik P, Smolińska-Świtała M, Gagat M, Kowalewski A, Grzanka D. Prognostic Significance of TLR2, SMAD3 and Localization-dependent SATB1 in Stage I and II Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Cancer Control 2021; 28:10732748211056697. [PMID: 34818944 PMCID: PMC8640983 DOI: 10.1177/10732748211056697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the prognostic value of SATB1, SMAD3, and TLR2 expression in non-small-cell lung carcinoma patients with clinical stages I-II. To investigate, we evaluated immunohistochemical staining to each of these markers using tissue sections from 69 patients from our cohort and gene expression data for The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. We found that, in our cohort, high expression levels of nuclear SATB1n and SMAD3 were independent prognostic markers for better overall survival (OS) in NSCLC patients. Interestingly, expression of cytoplasmic SATB1c exhibited a significant but inverse association with survival rate, and it was an independent predictor of unfavorable prognosis. Likewise, TLR2 was a negative outcome biomarker for NSCLC even when adjusting for covariates. Importantly, stratification of NSCLCs with respect to combined expression of the three biomarkers allowed us to identify subgroups of patients with the greatest difference in duration of survival. Specifically, expression profile of SATB1n-high/SMAD3high/TLR2low was associated with the best OS, and it was superior to each single protein alone in predicting patient prognosis. Furthermore, based on the TCGA dataset, we found that overexpression of SATB1 mRNA was significantly associated with better OS, whereas high mRNA levels of SMAD3 and TLR2 with poor OS. In conclusion, the present study identified a set of proteins that may play a significant role in predicting prognosis of NSCLC patients with clinical stages I-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Durślewicz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 49577Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Anna Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 49577Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Jakub Jóźwicki
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 49577Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Paulina Antosik
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 49577Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Marta Smolińska-Świtała
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 49577Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Maciej Gagat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 49577Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Adam Kowalewski
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 49577Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre, Prof Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 49577Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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Khosravi N, Hanson ED, Farajivafa V, Evans WS, Lee JT, Danson E, Wagoner CW, Harrell EP, Sullivan SA, Nyrop KA, Muss HB, Bartlett DB, Jensen BC, Haghighat S, Shamsi MM, Battaglini CL. Exercise-induced modulation of monocytes in breast cancer survivors. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 14:100216. [PMID: 34589753 PMCID: PMC8474256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise training reduces inflammation in breast cancer survivors; however, the mechanism is not fully understood. Objectives The effects of acute and chronic exercise on monocyte toll-like receptor (TLR2 and 4) expression and intracellular cytokine production were examined in sedentary breast cancer survivors. Methods Eleven women with stage I, II, or III breast cancer within one year of treatment completion performed an acute, intermittent aerobic exercise trial. Blood samples were obtained before, immediately, and 1 h after a 45-min acute exercise trial that was performed before and after 16 weeks of combined aerobic and resistance. LPS-stimulated intracellular IL-1ß, TNF, and IL-6 production, and TLR2 and TLR4 expression were evaluated in CD14+CD16- and CD14+CD16+ monocytes using flow cytometry. Results Exercise training decreased IL-1ß+CD14+CD16- proportion (24.6%, p=0.016), IL-1ß+CD14+CD16- mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) (-9989, p=0.014), IL-1ß+CD14+CD16+ MFI (-11101, p=0.02), and IL-6+CD14+CD16- proportion (16.9%, P=0.04). TLR2 and TLR4 expression did not change following exercise training but decreased 1 h after acute exercise in CD14+CD16- (-63, p=0.002) and CD14+CD16+ (-18, p=0.006) monocytes, respectively. Immediately after the acute exercise, both monocyte subgroup cell concentration increased, with CD14+CD16+ concentrations being decreased at 1 h post without changes in intracellular cytokine production. Conclusions Exercise training reduced monocyte intracellular pro-inflammatory cytokine production, especially IL-1ß, although these markers did not change acutely. While acute exercise downregulated the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 on monocytes, this was not sustained over the course of training. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training in breast cancer survivors may be, in part, due to reducing resting monocyte pro-inflammatory cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Khosravi
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Physical Education & Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erik D Hanson
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Vahid Farajivafa
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Physical Education & Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - William S Evans
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jordan T Lee
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Eli Danson
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chad W Wagoner
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Harrell
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie A Sullivan
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kirsten A Nyrop
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Hematology Oncology University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hyman B Muss
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Hematology Oncology University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Brian C Jensen
- Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shahpar Haghighat
- Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Molanouri Shamsi
- Physical Education & Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Claudio L Battaglini
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Novel probiotic yeast from Miso promotes regulatory dendritic cell IL-10 production and attenuates DSS-induced colitis in mice. J Gastroenterol 2021; 56:829-842. [PMID: 34213612 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-021-01804-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yeasts are a type of fungi thought to have probiotic functions. In this study, we isolated a novel probiotic yeast (Zygosaccharomyces sapae strain I-6) from Miso (a traditional Japanese fermented food). We examined its effects on phenotypic changes in intestinal dendritic cells (DCs), and evaluated its anti-inflammatory effects in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. METHODS A single colony was selected from homogenized Miso, based on its ability to produce interleukin (IL)-10 in CD11c+ bone marrow DCs (BMDCs) in vitro. The anti-inflammatory effects of strain I-6 on CD11c+ BMDCs and CD11c+ CD103+ DCs were analyzed in mouse mesenteric lymph nodes in vitro and in a DSS mouse model. RESULTS The IL-10 concentrations in the co-culture BMDC supernatants treated with I-6 were dramatically higher than in those treated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc). IL-10 production is mediated by both TLR2 and Dectin-1. β-Glucan extracted from I-6 also induced higher levels of IL-10 production in BMDCs than β-glucan from Sc. The number of mesenteric lymph node CD11c+ CD103+ DCs was significantly increased by I-6 administration, compared with Sc administration. Strain I-6 showed strong anti-inflammatory effects on DSS-induced colitis compared to Sc. Moreover, the adoptive transfer of I-6-treated BMDCs showed anti-inflammatory effects on DSS-induced colitis in mice without oral administration of I-6 cells. CONCLUSIONS Strain I-6 induced phenotypic changes in intestinal CD11c+ DCs characterized by high IL-10 production and exerted strong anti-inflammatory effects on DSS-induced colitis. Traditional Japanese fermented foods may be a valuable source of probiotic yeasts for effective IBD therapy and treatment.
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Anzaghe M, Kronhart S, Niles MA, Höcker L, Dominguez M, Kochs G, Waibler Z. Type I interferon receptor-independent interferon-α induction upon infection with a variety of negative-strand RNA viruses. J Gen Virol 2021; 102. [PMID: 34269676 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) are a first line of defence against viral infections. Upon infection, a first small wave of early type I IFN, mainly IFN-β and particularly IFN-α4, are induced and bind to the type I IFN receptor (IFNAR) to amplify the IFN response. It was shown for several viruses that robust type I IFN responses require this positive feedback loop via the IFNAR. Recently, we showed that infection of IFNAR knockout mice with the orthomyxovirus Thogoto virus lacking the ML open reading frame (THOV(ML-)) results in the expression of unexpected high amounts of type I IFN. To investigate if IFNAR-independent IFN responses are unique for THOV(ML-), we performed infection experiments with several negative-strand RNA viruses using different routes and dosages for infection. A variety of these viruses induced type I IFN responses IFNAR-independently when using the intraperitoneal (i.p.) route for infection. In vitro studies demonstrated that myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) are capable of producing IFNAR-independent IFN-α responses that are dependent on the expression of the adaptor protein mitochondrial antiviral-signalling protein (MAVS) whereas pDC where entirely depending on the IFNAR feedback loop in vitro. Thus, depending on dose and route of infection, the IFNAR feedback loop is not strictly necessary for robust type I IFN expression and an IFNAR-independent type I IFN production might be the rule rather than the exception for infections with numerous negative-strand RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Anzaghe
- Section 3/1 "Product Testing of Immunological Biomedicines", Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, D-63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kronhart
- Section 3/1 "Product Testing of Immunological Biomedicines", Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, D-63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Marc A Niles
- Section 3/1 "Product Testing of Immunological Biomedicines", Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, D-63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Lena Höcker
- Section 3/1 "Product Testing of Immunological Biomedicines", Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, D-63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Monica Dominguez
- Section 3/1 "Product Testing of Immunological Biomedicines", Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, D-63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Georg Kochs
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zoe Waibler
- Section 3/1 "Product Testing of Immunological Biomedicines", Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, D-63225 Langen, Germany
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Wei R, Li X, Wang X, Zhang N, Wang Y, Zhang X, Gong P, Li J. Trypanosoma evansi evades host innate immunity by releasing extracellular vesicles to activate TLR2-AKT signaling pathway. Virulence 2021; 12:2017-2036. [PMID: 34348595 PMCID: PMC8344757 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1959495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Surra, one of the most important animal diseases with economic consequences in Asia and South America, is caused by Trypanosoma evansi. However, the mechanism of immune evasion by T. evansi has not been extensively studied. In the present study, T. evansi extracellular vesicles (TeEVs) were characterized and the role of TeEVs in T. evansi infection were examined. The results showed that T. evansi and TeEVs could activate TLR2-AKT pathway to inhibit the secretions of IL-12p40, IL-6, and TNF-α in mouse BMDMs. TLR2−/- mice and mice with a blocked AKT pathway were more resistant to T. evansi infection than wild type (WT) mice, with a significantly lower infection rate, longer survival time and less parasite load, as well as an increased secretion level of IL-12p40 and IFN-γ. Kinetoplastid membrane protein-11 (KMP-11) of TeEVs could activate AKT pathway and inhibit the productions of IL-12p40, TNF-α, and IL-6 in vitro. TeEVs and KMP-11 could inhibit the productions of IL-12p40 and IFN-γ, promote T. evansi proliferation and shorten the survival time of infected mice in vivo. In conclusion, T. evansi could escape host immune response through inhibiting the productions of inflammatory cytokines via secreting TeEVs to activate TLR2-AKT pathway. KMP-11 in TeEVs was involved in promoting T. evansi infection. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) activate the TLR2-AKT signaling pathway to inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines, thereby escaping the host’s immune response. Kinetoplastid membrane protein-11 (KMP-11) in EVs is related to the promotion of T.evansi infection via AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wei
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaocen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xichen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pengtao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Su S, Munganga BP, Tian C, Li J, Yu F, Li H, Wang M, He X, Tang Y. Comparative Analysis of the Intermolt and Postmolt Hepatopancreas Transcriptomes Provides Insight into the Mechanisms of Procambarus clarkii Molting Process. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:480. [PMID: 34070595 PMCID: PMC8228513 DOI: 10.3390/life11060480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we used RNA-Seq to investigate the expression changes in the transcriptomes of two molting stages (postmolt (M) and intermolt (NM)) of the red swamp crayfish and identified differentially expressed genes. The transcriptomes of the two molting stages were de novo assembled into 139,100 unigenes with a mean length of 675.59 bp. The results were searched against the NCBI, NR, KEGG, Swissprot, and KOG databases, to annotate gene descriptions, associate them with gene ontology terms, and assign them to pathways. Furthermore, using the DESeq R package, differentially expressed genes were evaluated. The analysis revealed that 2347 genes were significantly (p > 0.05) differentially expressed in the two molting stages. Several genes and other factors involved in several molecular events critical for the molting process, such as energy requirements, hormonal regulation, immune response, and exoskeleton formation were identified and evaluated by correlation and KEGG analysis. The expression profiles of transcripts detected via RNA-Seq were validated by real-time PCR assay of eight genes. The information presented here provides a transient view of the hepatopancreas transcripts available in the postmolt and intermolt stage of crayfish, hormonal regulation, immune response, and skeletal-related activities during the postmolt stage and the intermolt stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyan Su
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China;
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (B.P.M.); (C.T.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (H.L.); (M.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Brian Pelekelo Munganga
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (B.P.M.); (C.T.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (H.L.); (M.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Can Tian
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (B.P.M.); (C.T.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (H.L.); (M.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Jianlin Li
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (B.P.M.); (C.T.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (H.L.); (M.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Fan Yu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (B.P.M.); (C.T.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (H.L.); (M.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Hongxia Li
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (B.P.M.); (C.T.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (H.L.); (M.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Meiyao Wang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (B.P.M.); (C.T.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (H.L.); (M.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Xinjin He
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (B.P.M.); (C.T.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (H.L.); (M.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Yongkai Tang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China;
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (B.P.M.); (C.T.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (H.L.); (M.W.); (X.H.)
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Dalesandro BE, Pires MM. Induction of Endogenous Antibody Recruitment to the Surface of the Pathogen Enterococcus faecium. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1116-1125. [PMID: 33179504 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For the foreseeable future, conventional small molecule antibiotics will continue to be the predominant treatment option due to wide patient coverage and low costs. Today, however, there is already a significant portion of patients that fail to respond to small molecule antibiotics and, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, this number is poised to increase in the coming years. Therefore, this rise in drug resistant bacteria must be countered with the development of nontraditional therapies. We propose a measure based on the re-engagement of the immune system toward pathogenic bacteria by grafting bacterial cell surfaces with immunogenic agents. Herein, we describe a class of cell wall analogues that selectively graft bacterial cell surfaces with epitopes that promote their opsonization. More specifically, synthetic analogues of peptidoglycan conjugated to haptens were designed to be incorporated by the cell wall biosynthetic machinery into live Enterococcus faecium. E. faecium is a formidable human pathogen that poses a considerable burden to healthcare and often results in fatalities. We showed that treatment of E. faecium and vancomycin-resistant strains with the cell wall analogues led to the display of haptens on the cell surface, which induced the recruitment of antibodies existing in the serum of humans. These results demonstrate the feasibility in using cell wall analogues as the basis of a class of bacterial immunotherapies against dangerous pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna E. Dalesandro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Marcos M. Pires
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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Zhao P, Cao L, Wang X, Dong J, Zhang N, Li X, Li J, Zhang X, Gong P. Extracellular vesicles secreted by Giardia duodenalis regulate host cell innate immunity via TLR2 and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009304. [PMID: 33798196 PMCID: PMC8046354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis, also known as G. intestinalis or G. lamblia, is the major cause of giardiasis leading to diarrheal disease with 280 million people infections annually worldwide. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a ubiquitous mechanism participating in cells communications. The aim of this study is to explore the roles of G. duodenalis EVs (GEVs) in host-pathogen interactions using primary mouse peritoneal macrophages as a model. Multiple methods of electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, proteomic assays, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, qPCR, western blot, ELISA, inhibition assays, were used to characterize GEVs, and explore its effects on the host cell innate immunity as well as the underlying mechanism using primary mouse peritoneal macrophages. Results showed that GEVs displayed typical cup-shaped structure with 150 nm in diameter. GEVs could be captured by macrophages and triggered immune response by increasing the production of inflammatory cytokines Il1β, Il6, Il10, Il12, Il17, Ifng, Tnf, Il18, Ccl20 and Cxcl2. Furthermore, activation of TLR2 and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways involved in this process. In addition, CA-074 methyl ester (an inhibitor of cathepsin B) or zVAD-fmk (an inhibitor of pan-caspase) pretreatment entirely diminished these effects triggered by GEVs exposure. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that GEVs could be internalized into mouse peritoneal macrophages and regulate host cell innate immunity via TLR2 and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways. G. duodenalis, one of the most common cause of diarrheal diseases, is widely existed in the contaminated water and threatening the public health especially in developing countries. Along with the increasing resistance to anti-G. duodenalis drugs occurs, new targets against giardiasis are of urgently needed. The innate immune system is the first defense line of organism to resist multiple pathogens invasion through recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), termed Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on the surface of cell membrane and nucleotide oligomerization domain (Nod)-like receptors (NLRs) inside immune cells. Recently, extracellular vesicles have emerged as a ubiquitous mechanism participating in cells communications. In this study, EVs secreted by extracellular protozoan G. duodenalis were obtained and displayed typical cup-shaped structure with 150 nm in diameter. Moreover, GEVs could enter into primary mouse peritoneal macrophages and regulate host cell innate immunity by up-regulation of various inflammatory cytokines expression. Furthermore, TLR2 and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways involved in this process. This study demonstrated that GEVs could be internalized into primary mouse peritoneal macrophages, regulate host cell innate immunity via TLR2 and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways, and may provide new targets against giardiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Lili Cao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaocen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingquan Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xichen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pengtao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- * E-mail:
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Jha AK, Gairola S, Kundu S, Doye P, Syed AM, Ram C, Murty US, Naidu VGM, Sahu BD. Toll-like receptor 4: An attractive therapeutic target for acute kidney injury. Life Sci 2021; 271:119155. [PMID: 33548286 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a progressive renal complication which significantly affects the patient's life with huge economic burden. Untreated acute kidney injury eventually progresses to a chronic form and end-stage renal disease. Although significant breakthroughs have been made in recent years, there are still no effective pharmacological therapies for the treatment of acute kidney injury. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a well-characterized pattern recognition receptor, and increasing evidence has shown that TLR4 mediated inflammatory response plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury. The expression of TLR4 has been seen in resident renal cells, including podocytes, mesangial cells, tubular epithelial cells and endothelial cells. Activation of TLR4 signaling regulates the transcription of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, resulting in renal inflammation. Therefore, targeting TLR4 and its downstream effectors could serve as an effective therapeutic intervention to prevent renal inflammation and subsequent kidney damage. For the first time, this review summarizes the literature on acute kidney injury from the perspective of TLR4 from year 2010 to 2020. In the current review, the role of TLR4 signaling pathway in AKI with preclinical evidence is discussed. Furthermore, we have highlighted several compounds of natural and synthetic origin, which have the potential to avert the renal TLR4 signaling in preclinical AKI models and have shown protection against AKI. This scientific review provides new ideas for targeting TLR4 in the treatment of AKI and provides strategies for the drug development against AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Kumar Jha
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Shobhit Gairola
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Sourav Kundu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Pakpi Doye
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Abu Mohammad Syed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Chetan Ram
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Upadhyayula Suryanarayana Murty
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - V G M Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Bidya Dhar Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari PIN-781101, Assam, India.
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Dobson GP, Biros E, Letson HL, Morris JL. Living in a Hostile World: Inflammation, New Drug Development, and Coronavirus. Front Immunol 2021; 11:610131. [PMID: 33552070 PMCID: PMC7862725 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.610131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a brief history of the immune response and show that Metchnikoff's theory of inflammation and phagocytotic defense was largely ignored in the 20th century. For decades, the immune response was believed to be triggered centrally, until Lafferty and Cunningham proposed the initiating signal came from the tissues. This shift opened the way for Janeway's pattern recognition receptor theory, and Matzinger's danger model. All models failed to appreciate that without inflammation, there can be no immune response. The situation changed in the 1990s when cytokine biology was rapidly advancing, and the immune system's role expanded from host defense, to the maintenance of host health. An inflammatory environment, produced by immune cells themselves, was now recognized as mandatory for their attack, removal and repair functions after an infection or injury. We explore the cellular programs of the immune response, and the role played by cytokines and other mediators to tailor the right response, at the right time. Normally, the immune response is robust, self-limiting and restorative. However, when the antigen load or trauma exceeds the body's internal tolerances, as witnessed in some COVID-19 patients, excessive inflammation can lead to increased sympathetic outflows, cardiac dysfunction, coagulopathy, endothelial and metabolic dysfunction, multiple organ failure and death. Currently, there are few drug therapies to reduce excessive inflammation and immune dysfunction. We have been developing an intravenous (IV) fluid therapy comprising adenosine, lidocaine and Mg2+ (ALM) that confers a survival advantage by preventing excessive inflammation initiated by sepsis, endotoxemia and sterile trauma. The multi-pronged protection appears to be unique and may provide a tool to examine the intersection points in the immune response to infection or injury, and possible ways to prevent secondary tissue damage, such as that reported in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey P. Dobson
- Heart, Trauma and Sepsis Research Laboratory, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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Duan C, Ge X, Wang J, Wei Z, Feng WH, Wang J. Ergosterol peroxide exhibits antiviral and immunomodulatory abilities against porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) via suppression of NF-κB and p38/MAPK signaling pathways in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 93:107317. [PMID: 33493866 PMCID: PMC9412180 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging swine enteropathogenic coronavirus (CoV) that poses economic and public health burdens. Currently, there are no effective antiviral agents against PDCoV. Cryptoporus volvatus often serves as an antimicrobial agent in Traditional Chinese Medicines. This study aimed to evaluate the antiviral activities of ergosterol peroxide (EP) from C. volvatus against PDCoV infection. The inhibitory activity of EP against PDCoV was assessed by using virus titration and performing Quantitative Reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR), Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays in LLC-PK1 cells. The mechanism of EP against PDCoV was analyzed by flow cytometry, RT-qPCR and Western blotting. We found that EP treatment inhibited PDCoV infection in LLC-PK1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Subsequently, we demonstrated that EP blocked virus attachment and entry using RT-qPCR. Time-of-addition assays indicated that EP mainly exerted its inhibitory effect at the early and middle stages in the PDCoV replication cycle. EP also inactivated PDCoV infectivity directly as well as suppressed PDCoV-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, EP treatment decreased the phosphorylation of IκBα and p38 MAPK induced by PDCoV infection as well as the mRNA levels of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-β, Mx1 and PKR). These results imply that EP can inhibit PDCoV infection and regulate host immune responses by downregulating the activation of the NF-κB and p38/MAPK signaling pathways in vitro. EP can be used as a potential candidate for the development of a new anti-PDCoV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinna Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junchi Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhanyong Wei
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Wen-Hai Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jiufeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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43
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Zhang Z, Zou X, Zhang R, Xie Y, Feng Z, Li F, Han J, Sun H, Ouyang Q, Hua S, Lv B, Hua T, Liu Z, Cai Y, Zou Y, Tang Y, Jiang X. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-146a-5p reduces microglial-mediated neuroinflammation via suppression of the IRAK1/TRAF6 signaling pathway after ischemic stroke. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:3060-3079. [PMID: 33479185 PMCID: PMC7880318 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the therapeutic mechanism of action of transplanted stem cells and develop exosome-based nanotherapeutics for ischemic stroke, we assessed the effect of exosomes (Exos) produced by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUMSCs) on microglia-mediated neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke. Our results found that injected hUMSC-Exos were able to access the site of ischemic damage and could be internalized by cells both in vivo and in vitro. In vitro, treatment with hUMSC-Exos attenuated microglia-mediated inflammation after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). In vivo results demonstrated that treatment with hUMSC-Exos significantly reduced infarct volume, attenuated behavioral deficits, and ameliorated microglia activation, as measured three days post-transient brain ischemia. Furthermore, miR-146a-5p knockdown (miR-146a-5p k/d Exos) partially reversed the neuroprotective effect of hUMSC-Exos. Our mechanistic study demonstrated that miR-146a-5p in hUMSC-Exos reduces microglial-mediated neuroinflammatory response through IRAK1/TRAF6 pathway. We conclude that miR-146a-5p derived from hUMSC-Exos can attenuate microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and consequent neural deficits following ischemic stroke. These results elucidate a potential therapeutic mechanism of action of mesenchymal stem cells and provide evidence that hUMSC-Exos represent a potential cell-free therapeutic option for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongfei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Run Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianbang Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Ouyang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiting Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingke Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhizheng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingqian Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxi Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Batool K, Wajid A, Ain Q, Shahid S, Namat T, Batool A, Hussain T, Babar ME. Sequence-Based Structural and Evolution of Polymorphisms in Bovine Toll-Like Receptor2 Gene in Dhanni and Jersey Cattle Breeds. Genetic polymorphisms in bovine TLR2. RUSS J GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795420120030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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45
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Guillen N. Signals and signal transduction pathways in Entamoeba histolytica during the life cycle and when interacting with bacteria or human cells. Mol Microbiol 2020; 115:901-915. [PMID: 33249684 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica is the etiological agent of amebiasis in humans. This ameba parasite resides as a commensal in the intestine where it shares intestinal resources with the bacterial microbiome. In the intestinal ecosystem, the ameba encysts and eventually develops disease by invading the tissues. E. histolytica possesses cell surface receptors for the proper sensing of signals involved in encystation or sustaining parasite interaction with bacteria and human cells. Among those receptors are the Gal/GalNAc lectin, G protein-coupled receptors, and transmembrane kinases. In addition there are recently discovered, promising proteins, including orthologs of Toll-type receptors and β trefoil lectins. These proteins trigger a wide variety of signal transduction pathways; however, most of the players involved in the signaling pathways evoked in this parasite are unknown. This review provides an overview of amoebic receptors and their role in encystation, adherence to bacteria or human cells, as well as the reported intracellular signal transduction processes that they can trigger. This knowledge is essential for understanding the lifestyle of E. histolytica and its cytopathic effect on bacteria and human cells that are responsible for infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Guillen
- Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS-ERL9195, Paris, France
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Methnani J, Amor D, Yousfi N, Bouslama A, Omezzine A, Bouhlel E. Sedentary behavior, exercise and COVID-19: immune and metabolic implications in obesity and its comorbidities. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 61:1538-1547. [PMID: 33305550 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11898-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many reports showed a dramatic decrease in the levels of physical activity during the current pandemic of SARS-CoV-2. This has substantial immune and metabolic implications, especially in those at risk or with metabolic diseases including individuals with obesity and Type 2 diabetes. In this study we discussed the route from physical inactivity to immune and metabolic aberrancies; focusing on how insulin resistance could represent an adaptive mechanism to the low physical activity levels and on how such an adaptive mechanism could shift to a pathognomonic feature of metabolic diseases, creating a vicious circle of immune and metabolic aberrancies. We provide a theoretical framework to the severe immunopathology of COVID-19 in patients with metabolic diseases. We finally discuss the idea of exercise as a potential adjuvant against COVID-19 and emphasize how even interrupting prolonged periods of sitting with short time breaks of very light activity could be a feasible strategy to limit the deleterious effects of the outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabeur Methnani
- University of Manouba, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar Said, Tunis, Tunisia - .,Department of Biochemistry, LR12SP11, Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia - .,Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Physiopathology: from Integrated to Molecular Biology, Medicine and Health, LR19ES09, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia -
| | - Dorra Amor
- Department of Biochemistry, LR12SP11, Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.,University of Monastir, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Nariman Yousfi
- University of Manouba, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar Said, Tunis, Tunisia.,Research Laboratory of "Sport Performance Optimization, " National Center of Medicine and Sport Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ali Bouslama
- Department of Biochemistry, LR12SP11, Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.,University of Monastir, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Asma Omezzine
- Department of Biochemistry, LR12SP11, Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.,University of Monastir, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ezdine Bouhlel
- University of Manouba, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar Said, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Physiopathology: from Integrated to Molecular Biology, Medicine and Health, LR19ES09, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
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47
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Gu T, Li G, Wu X, Zeng T, Xu Q, Li L, Vladyslav S, Chen G, Lu L. Pattern-recognition receptors in duck ( Anas platyrhynchos): identification, expression and function analysis of toll-like receptor 3. Br Poult Sci 2020; 62:346-352. [PMID: 33215508 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1853045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
1. Innate immunity provides the first line of defence against pathogenic organisms through a myriad of germline encoded receptors called pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, as an important member of PRRs, is indispensable for host defence against viral infection by recognising virus-derived RNAs. However, little is known about the structure and function of TLR3 in ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), a natural host for the avian influenza virus.2. This study cloned the full-length cDNA of duck TLR3 using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The cDNA sequence of duck TLR3 was 4046 bp in length and encoded 895 amino acids. Multiple sequence alignment showed that duck TLR3 shared high similarity with that from other vertebrates.3. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis suggested that TLR3 mRNA was constitutively expressed in all tissues tested, having higher levels in the kidney, liver, breast muscle, ovary and heart. After stimulation with viral- or bacterial-mimics, including LPS, poly(I:C), pam3CSK4, FLS-1, FLA-ST and R848, the TLR3 transcript was significantly upregulated. Meanwhile, overexpression of duck TLR3 significantly promoted the transcription of IFN-β, IRF7, TRIF, Mx, STAT1 and STAT2 mRNA after stimulation with poly(I:C).4. These results suggested that TLR3 play an important role in resistance against viral and bacterial infections in ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic, Breeding and Molecular Design, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - G Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - X Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic, Breeding and Molecular Design, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - T Zeng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Q Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic, Breeding and Molecular Design, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - L Li
- Zhuji Poultry Development Co., Ltd, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China
| | - S Vladyslav
- University of Life and Environment Sciences, National Academy Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - G Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic, Breeding and Molecular Design, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - L Lu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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48
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Jiang L, Shao Y, Tian Y, Ouyang C, Wang X. Nuclear Alarmin Cytokines in Inflammation. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:7206451. [PMID: 33344656 PMCID: PMC7732391 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7206451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are some nonspecific and highly conserved molecular structures of exogenous specific microbial pathogens, whose products can be recognized by pattern recognition receptor (PRR) on innate immune cells and induce an inflammatory response. Under physiological stress, activated or damaged cells might release some endogenous proteins that can also bind to PRR and cause a harmful aseptic inflammatory response. These endogenous proteins were named damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) or alarmins. Indeed, alarmins can also play a beneficial role in the tissue repair in certain environments. Besides, some alarmin cytokines have been reported to have both nuclear and extracellular effects. This group of proteins includes high-mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1), interleukin (IL)-33, IL-1α, IL-1F7b, and IL-16. In this article, we review the involvement of nuclear alarmins such as HMGB1, IL-33, and IL-1α under physiological state or stress state and suggest a novel activity of these molecules as central initiators in the development of sterile inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yijia Shao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yao Tian
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Changsheng Ouyang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Geriatric Medical Center, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, China
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49
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Chen K, Zhao F, Ouyang G, Shi Z, Ma L, Wang B, Guo R, Xiao W, Zhu F, Wei K, Xu Z, Ji W. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of Tf_TLR4 and Tf_TRIL in yellow catfish Tachysurus fulvidraco responding to Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:746-755. [PMID: 33278446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors play significant roles in defensing against pathogen invasion. In this study, TLR4 and TRIL from Yellow catfish Tachysurus fulvidraco (Tf), were identified and characterized. The open reading frames of the Tf_TLR4 and Tf_TRIL genes were 2466 bp and 1827 bp in length, encoding 821 and 608 amino acids, respectively. The Tf_TLR4 consists of LRRs, a transmembrane domain and a TIR domain, and Tf_TRIL only contains LRRs and TIR domain. Homologous identity revealed that both Tf_TLR4 and Tf_TRIL have high protein sequence similarity with that of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Both the Tf_TLR4 and Tf_TRIL genes were highly expressed in head kidney and brain, respectively. The mRNA expression levels of Tf_TLR4 and Tf_TRIL genes were up-regulated in intestine and immune-related tissues after challenge of Edwardsiella ictaluri. The microscopic observation of the gut showed that the pathological changes in midgut and hindgut are more obvious than that in foregut after challenged with E. ictaluri. These results indicate that these two genes play potential roles in the host defense against E. ictaluri invasion. This study will provide valuable information to better understand the synergistic roles of TLR4 and TRIL in the innate immune system of yellow catfish and other fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwei Chen
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gang Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zechao Shi
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Lina Ma
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bingchao Wang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ronghuan Guo
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wuhan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Fangzheng Zhu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kaijian Wei
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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50
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Chen X, Xie X, Wu D, Zhang S, Zhang W, Cao Y. The pre-activated immune response induced by LPS protects host from leptospirosis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242742. [PMID: 33232366 PMCID: PMC7685471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is an important global zoonosis caused by pathogenic Leptospira. It is estimated that more than 1 million people are infected by Leptospira each year, and the death toll is about 60,000. Some studies showed that delayed immune response was associated with severe leptospirosis, and TLR4 was very important in the control of leptospirosis. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of the classical activator (LPS) of TLR4 on leptospirosis in susceptible and resistant hosts. The results showed that LPS pretreatment increased the survival rate of hamsters to 80%. And LPS pre-treatment also significantly reduced the leptospiral load and alleviated the pathological injury in organs of hamsters and mice. The result detected by ELISA in mice showed that the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were increased in the LPS-treated group compared to the control group before infection. However, two days after infection, the level of cytokines in LPS group was down-regulated compared with that in control group. In addition, in vitro results showed that LPS pre-treatment enhanced the phagocytosis and bactericidal ability of macrophages on Leptospira. Collectively, our results indicated that the pre-activated immune response induced by LPS enhanced the ability of host against leptospirosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xufeng Xie
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dianjun Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shilei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongguo Cao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
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