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Kim I, Do H, Park ME, Kim HU. Multiple transcription factors of Arabidopsis thaliana that are activated by LEAFY COTYLEDON 2 regulate triacylglycerol biosynthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38594953 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Plant triacylglycerols (TAG) are used in food and various industrial feedstocks. LEAFY COTYLEDON 2 (LEC2), a master positive regulator of TAG biosynthesis, regulates a complex network of transcription factors (TFs) during seed development. Aside from WRINKLED1 (WRI1), the TFs regulated by LEC2 related to TAG biosynthesis have not yet been identified. Previously, we identified 25 seed-expressing TFs that were upregulated in Arabidopsis leaves that overexpressed senescence-induced LEC2. In this study, each of the 25 TFs was transiently expressed in the leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana to identify unknown TFs that regulate TAG biosynthesis. The TAG content of the transformed leaves was analyzed using thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography. We observed that five TFs, ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSIVE REGULATOR 21 (ARR21), AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE 6 (AIL6), APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR 55 (ERF55), WRKY DNA-BINDING PROTEIN 8 (WRKY8), and ARABIDOPSIS NAC DOMAIN CONTAINING PROTEIN 38 (ANAC038) increased TAG synthesis in the leaves. Among these, the promoters of AIL6, ERF55, WRKY8, and ANAC038 contain RY motifs, which are LEC2-binding sites activated by LEC2. AIL6 overexpression in Arabidopsis increased the total fatty acid (FA) content in seeds and altered the FA composition, with increases in 16:0, 18:1, and 18:2 and decreases in 18:0, 18:3, and 20:1 compared with those in the wild type (WT). AIL6 overexpression activates several FA and TAG biosynthesis genes. Therefore, our study successfully identified several new TFs regulated by LEC2 in TAG biosynthesis and showed that AIL6 increased the TAG content in seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inyoung Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungju Do
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Mid-Eum Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
- Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
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2
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Yuan P, Zhou G, Yu M, Hammond JP, Liu H, Hong D, Cai H, Ding G, Wang S, Xu F, Wang C, Shi L. Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase 8 increases photosynthesis and seed yield in Brassica napus. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:437-456. [PMID: 38198218 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) functions as a vital proxy for assessing carbohydrate status in plants. While class II T6P synthases (TPS) do not exhibit TPS activity, they are believed to play pivotal regulatory roles in trehalose metabolism. However, their precise functions in carbon metabolism and crop yield have remained largely unknown. Here, BnaC02.TPS8, a class II TPS gene, is shown to be specifically expressed in mature leaves and the developing pod walls of Brassica napus. Overexpression of BnaC02.TPS8 increased photosynthesis and the accumulation of sugars, starch, and biomass compared to wild type. Metabolomic analysis of BnaC02.TPS8 overexpressing lines and CRISPR/Cas9 mutants indicated that BnaC02.TPS8 enhanced the partitioning of photoassimilate into starch and sucrose, as opposed to glycolytic intermediates and organic acids, which might be associated with TPS activity. Furthermore, the overexpression of BnaC02.TPS8 not only increased seed yield but also enhanced seed oil accumulation and improved the oil fatty acid composition in B. napus under both high nitrogen (N) and low N conditions in the field. These results highlight the role of class II TPS in impacting photosynthesis and seed yield of B. napus, and BnaC02.TPS8 emerges as a promising target for improving B. napus seed yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Microelement Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Guilong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Mingzhu Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Microelement Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - John P Hammond
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Haijiang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Microelement Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Dengfeng Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- National Research Center of Rapeseed Engineering and Technology, National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center (Wuhan Branch), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Hongmei Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Microelement Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Guangda Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Microelement Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Sheliang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Microelement Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Fangsen Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Microelement Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Chuang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Microelement Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Lei Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Microelement Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
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3
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Zhao Q, Wu J, Lan L, Shahid M, Qasim MU, Yu K, Zhang C, Fan C, Zhou Y. Fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of a major QTL for oil content in the seed of Brassica napus. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:256. [PMID: 38010528 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04501-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE By integrating QTL fine mapping and transcriptomics, a candidate gene responsible for oil content in rapeseed was identified. The gene is anticipated to primarily function in photosynthesis and photosystem metabolism pathways. Brassica napus is one of the most important oil crops in the world, and enhancing seed oil content is an important goal in its genetic improvement. However, the underlying genetic basis for the important trait remains poorly understood in this crop. We previously identified a major locus, OILA5 responsible for seed oil content on chromosome A5 through genome-wide association study. To better understand the genetics of the QTL, we performed fine mapping of OILA5 with a double haploid population and a BC3F2 segregation population consisting of 6227 individuals. We narrowed down the QTL to an approximate 43 kb region with twelve annotated genes, flanked by markers ZDM389 and ZDM337. To unveil the potential candidate gene responsible for OILA5, we integrated fine mapping data with transcriptome profiling using high and low oil content near-isogenic lines. Among the candidate genes, BnaA05G0439400ZS was identified with high expression levels in both seed and silique tissues. This gene exhibited homology with AT3G09840 in Arabidopsis that was annotated as cell division cycle 48. We designed a site-specific marker based on resequencing data and confirmed its effectiveness in both natural and segregating populations. Our comprehensive results provide valuable genetic information not only enhancing our understanding of the genetic control of seed oil content but also novel germplasm for advancing high seed oil content breeding in B. napus and other oil crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Lei Lan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Uzair Qasim
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaidi Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuchuan Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongming Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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4
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Xu Y, Singer SD, Chen G. Protein interactomes for plant lipid biosynthesis and their biotechnological applications. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:1734-1744. [PMID: 36762506 PMCID: PMC10440990 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant lipids have essential biological roles in plant development and stress responses through their functions in cell membrane formation, energy storage and signalling. Vegetable oil, which is composed mainly of the storage lipid triacylglycerol, also has important applications in food, biofuel and oleochemical industries. Lipid biosynthesis occurs in multiple subcellular compartments and involves the coordinated action of various pathways. Although biochemical and molecular biology research over the last few decades has identified many proteins associated with lipid metabolism, our current understanding of the dynamic protein interactomes involved in lipid biosynthesis, modification and channelling is limited. This review examines advances in the identification and characterization of protein interactomes involved in plant lipid biosynthesis, with a focus on protein complexes consisting of different subunits for sequential reactions such as those in fatty acid biosynthesis and modification, as well as transient or dynamic interactomes formed from enzymes in cooperative pathways such as assemblies of membrane-bound enzymes for triacylglycerol biosynthesis. We also showcase a selection of representative protein interactome structures predicted using AlphaFold2, and discuss current and prospective strategies involving the use of interactome knowledge in plant lipid biotechnology. Finally, unresolved questions in this research area and possible approaches to address them are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
| | - Stacy D. Singer
- Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development CentreLethbridgeAlbertaCanada
| | - Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional ScienceUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
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5
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Qian X, Zheng W, Hu J, Ma J, Sun M, Li Y, Liu N, Chen T, Wang M, Wang L, Hou X, Cai Q, Ye Z, Zhang F, Zhu Z. Identification and Expression Analysis of DFR Gene Family in Brassica napus L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2583. [PMID: 37447144 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) is a key enzyme in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway and is essential for the formation of plants' color. In this study, 26 BnDFR genes were identified using 6 Arabidopsis DFR genes as reference. The physicochemical properties, subcellular localization, and conserved structure of BnDFR proteins were analyzed; the evolutionary relationship, collinearity analysis, and expression characteristics of BnDFR genes were studied; and the correlation between the expression level of BnDFR genes and anthocyanin content in rape petals were analyzed. The results showed that the 26 BnDFRs were located in chloroplasts, cytoplasm, nuclei, and mitochondria, distributed on 17 chromosomes, and divided into 4 groups; members of the same group have a similar function, which may be related to the environmental response elements and plant hormone response elements. Intraspecific collinearity analysis showed 51 pairs of collinear genes, and interspecific collinearity analysis showed 30 pairs of collinear genes. Analysis of the expression levels of BnDFRs and anthocyanin content in different color rape petals showed that BnDFR6 and BnDFR26 might play an important role in the synthesis of anthocyanins in rape petals. This provides theoretical guidance for further analysis of the anthocyanin anabolism mechanism involved in the DFR gene in Brassica napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhi Qian
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Wenyin Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jian Hu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jinxu Ma
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Mengyuan Sun
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Nian Liu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Tianhua Chen
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Meiqi Wang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xinzhe Hou
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qingao Cai
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhaoshun Ye
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Fugui Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zonghe Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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6
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Zhang Y, Gong H, Cui X, Gao C, Li N, Pu Y, Zhang X, Zhao J. Integrated lipidomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal the mechanism of lipid biosynthesis and accumulation during seed development in sesame. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1211040. [PMID: 37426956 PMCID: PMC10325577 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1211040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Sesame is one of the most important oilseed crops and attracts significant attention because of its huge nutritional capacity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying oil accumulation in sesame remains poorly understood. In this study, lipidomic and transcriptomic analyses in different stages of sesame seed (Luzhi No.1, seed oil content 56%) development were performed to gain insight into the regulatory mechanisms that govern differences in lipid composition, content, biosynthesis, and transport. In total, 481 lipids, including fatty acids (FAs, 38 species), triacylglycerol (TAG, 127 species), ceramide (33 species), phosphatidic acid (20 species), and diacylglycerol (17 species), were detected in developing sesame seed using gas and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Most FAs and other lipids accumulated 21-33 days after flowering. RNA-sequence profiling in developing seed highlighted the enhanced expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis and transport of FAs, TAGs, and membrane lipids, which was similar to that seen during lipid accumulation. Through the differential expression analysis of genes involved in lipid biosynthesis and metabolism during seed development, several candidate genes were found to affect the oil content and FA composition of sesame seed, including ACCase, FAD2, DGAT, G3PDH, PEPCase, WRI1 and WRI1-like genes. Our study reveals the patterns of lipid accumulation and biosynthesis-related gene expression and lays an important foundation for the further exploration of sesame seed lipid biosynthesis and accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Zhang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Huihui Gong
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xinxiao Cui
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Chunhua Gao
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Nana Li
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yanyan Pu
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiurong Zhang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Junsheng Zhao
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
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7
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Liu S, Liu Z, Hou X, Li X. Genetic mapping and functional genomics of soybean seed protein. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2023; 43:29. [PMID: 37313523 PMCID: PMC10248706 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-023-01373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soybean is an utterly important crop for high-quality meal protein and vegetative oil. Soybean seed protein content has become a key factor in nutrients for livestock feed as well as human dietary consumption. Genetic improvement of soybean seed protein is highly desired to meet the demands of rapidly growing world population. Molecular mapping and genomic analysis in soybean have identified many quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying seed protein content control. Exploring the mechanisms of seed storage protein regulation will be helpful to achieve the improvement of protein content. However, the practice of breeding higher protein soybean is challenging because soybean seed protein is negatively correlated with seed oil content and yield. To overcome the limitation of such inverse relationship, deeper insights into the property and genetic control of seed protein are required. Recent advances of soybean genomics have strongly enhanced the understandings for molecular mechanisms of soybean with better seed quality. Here, we review the research progress in the genetic characteristics of soybean storage protein, and up-to-date advances of molecular mappings and genomics of soybean protein. The key factors underlying the mechanisms of the negative correlation between protein and oil in soybean seeds are elaborated. We also briefly discuss the future prospects of breaking the bottleneck of the negative correlation to develop high protein soybean without penalty of oil and yield. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-023-01373-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Zhaojun Liu
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086 China
| | - Xingliang Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025 China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025 China
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8
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Yao S, Xie M, Hu M, Cui X, Wu H, Li X, Hu P, Tong C, Yu X. Genome-wide characterization of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme gene family explores its genetic effects on the oil content and yield of Brassica napus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1118339. [PMID: 37021309 PMCID: PMC10067767 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1118339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (UBC) is a critical part of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and plays crucial roles in growth, development and abiotic stress response in plants. Although UBC genes have been detected in several plant species, characterization of this gene family at the whole-genome level has not been conducted in Brassica napus. In the present study, 200 putative BnUBCs were identified in B. napus, which were clustered into 18 subgroups based on phylogenetic analysis. BnUBCs within each subgroup showed relatively conserved gene architectures and motifs. Moreover, the gene expression patterns in various tissues as well as the identification of cis-acting regulatory elements in BnUBC promoters suggested further investigation of their potential functions in plant growth and development. Furthermore, three BnUBCs were predicted as candidate genes for regulating agronomic traits related to oil content and yield through association mapping. In conclusion, this study provided a wealth of information on the UBC family in B. napus and revealed their effects on oil content and yield, which will aid future functional research and genetic breeding of B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Yao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meili Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - XiaoBo Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoming Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Peng Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chaobo Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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9
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Guan M, Shi X, Chen S, Wan Y, Tang Y, Zhao T, Gao L, Sun F, Yin N, Zhao H, Lu K, Li J, Qu C. Comparative transcriptome analysis identifies candidate genes related to seed coat color in rapeseed. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1154208. [PMID: 36993847 PMCID: PMC10042178 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1154208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Yellow seed coat in rapeseed (Brassica napus) is a desirable trait that can be targeted to improve the quality of this oilseed crop. To better understand the inheritance mechanism of the yellow-seeded trait, we performed transcriptome profiling of developing seeds in yellow- and black-seeded rapeseed with different backgrounds. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during seed development showed significant characteristics, these genes were mainly enriched for the Gene Ontology (GO) terms carbohydrate metabolic process, lipid metabolic process, photosynthesis, and embryo development. Moreover, 1206 and 276 DEGs, which represent candidates to be involved in seed coat color, were identified between yellow- and black-seeded rapeseed during the middle and late stages of seed development, respectively. Based on gene annotation, GO enrichment analysis, and protein-protein interaction network analysis, the downregulated DEGs were primarily enriched for the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. Notably, 25 transcription factors (TFs) involved in regulating flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, including known (e.g., KNAT7, NAC2, TTG2 and STK) and predicted TFs (e.g., C2H2-like, bZIP44, SHP1, and GBF6), were identified using integrated gene regulatory network (iGRN) and weight gene co-expression networks analysis (WGCNA). These candidate TF genes had differential expression profiles between yellow- and black-seeded rapeseed, suggesting they might function in seed color formation by regulating genes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Thus, our results provide in-depth insights that facilitate the exploration of candidate gene function in seed development. In addition, our data lay the foundation for revealing the roles of genes involved in the yellow-seeded trait in rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Guan
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology and Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangtian Shi
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology and Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Si Chen
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology and Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wan
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology and Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunshan Tang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology and Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Tian Zhao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology and Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology and Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Fujun Sun
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology and Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Nengwen Yin
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology and Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Huiyan Zhao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology and Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun Lu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology and Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiana Li
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology and Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Cunmin Qu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology and Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
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10
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Masi A, Leonelli F, Scognamiglio V, Gasperuzzo G, Antonacci A, Terzidis MA. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: A Factory of Nutraceutical and Food Supplements for Human Health. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031185. [PMID: 36770853 PMCID: PMC9921279 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C. reinhardtii) is one of the most well-studied microalgae organisms that revealed important information for the photosynthetic and metabolic processes of plants and eukaryotes. Numerous extensive studies have also underpinned its great potential as a biochemical factory, capable of producing various highly desired molecules with a direct impact on human health and longevity. Polysaccharides, lipids, functional proteins, pigments, hormones, vaccines, and antibodies are among the valuable biomolecules that are produced spontaneously or under well-defined conditions by C. reinhardtii and can be directly linked to human nutrition and diet. The aim of this review is to highlight the recent advances in the field focusing on the most relevant applications related to the production of important biomolecules for human health that are also linked with human nutrition and diet. The limitations and challenges are critically discussed along with the potential future applications of C. reinhardtii biomass and processed products in the field of nutraceuticals and food supplements. The increasing need for high-value and low-cost biomolecules produced in an environmentally and economy sustainable manner also underline the important role of C. reinhardtii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Masi
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, 00010 Montelibretti, Italy
| | - Francesca Leonelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Scognamiglio
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, 00010 Montelibretti, Italy
| | - Giulia Gasperuzzo
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, 00010 Montelibretti, Italy
| | - Amina Antonacci
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, 00010 Montelibretti, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.A.T.); Tel.: +39-0690675597 (A.A.); +30-2310013224 (M.A.T.)
| | - Michael A. Terzidis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Sindos Campus, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.A.T.); Tel.: +39-0690675597 (A.A.); +30-2310013224 (M.A.T.)
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11
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Nawade B, Kumar A, Maurya R, Subramani R, Yadav R, Singh K, Rangan P. Longer Duration of Active Oil Biosynthesis during Seed Development Is Crucial for High Oil Yield-Lessons from Genome-Wide In Silico Mining and RNA-Seq Validation in Sesame. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2980. [PMID: 36365434 PMCID: PMC9657858 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sesame, one of the ancient oil crops, is an important oilseed due to its nutritionally rich seeds with high protein content. Genomic scale information for sesame has become available in the public databases in recent years. The genes and their families involved in oil biosynthesis in sesame are less studied than in other oilseed crops. Therefore, we retrieved a total of 69 genes and their translated amino acid sequences, associated with gene families linked to the oil biosynthetic pathway. Genome-wide in silico mining helped identify key regulatory genes for oil biosynthesis, though the findings require functional validation. Comparing sequences of the SiSAD (stearoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP)-desaturase) coding genes with known SADs helped identify two SiSAD family members that may be palmitoyl-ACP-specific. Based on homology with lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAAT) sequences, an uncharacterized gene has been identified as SiLPAAT1. Identified key regulatory genes associated with high oil content were also validated using publicly available transcriptome datasets of genotypes contrasting for oil content at different developmental stages. Our study provides evidence that a longer duration of active oil biosynthesis is crucial for high oil accumulation during seed development. This underscores the importance of early onset of oil biosynthesis in developing seeds. Up-regulating, identified key regulatory genes of oil biosynthesis during early onset of seed development, should help increase oil yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagwat Nawade
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Rasna Maurya
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Rajkumar Subramani
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Rashmi Yadav
- Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Parimalan Rangan
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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12
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Hu Y, Han Z, Shen W, Jia Y, He L, Si Z, Wang Q, Fang L, Du X, Zhang T. Identification of candidate genes in cotton associated with specific seed traits and their initial functional characterization in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:800-811. [PMID: 36121755 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oilseed crops are used to produce vegetable oil to satisfy the requirements of humans and livestock. Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is of great economic value because it is used as both an important textile commodity and a nutrient-rich resource. Cottonseed oil is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and does not contain trans fatty acids; hence, it is considered a healthy vegetable oil. However, research on the genetic basis for cottonseed protein content, oil production, and fatty acid composition is lacking. Here, we investigated the protein content, oil content, and fatty acid composition in terms of oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2) in mature cottonseeds from 318 Gossypium hirsutum accessions. Moreover, we examined the dynamic change of protein content and lipid composition including palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), and linolenic acid (C18:3) in developing seeds from 258 accessions at 10 and 20 days post-anthesis. Then, we conducted a genome-wide association study and identified 152 trait-associated loci and 64 candidate genes responsible for protein and oil-related contents in mature cottonseeds and ovules. Finally, six candidate genes were experimentally validated to be involved in the regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis through heterologous expression in Arabidopsis. These results comprise a solid foundation for expanding our understanding of lipid biosynthesis in cotton, which will help breeders manipulate protein and oil contents to make it a fully developed 'fiber, food, and oil crop'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zegang Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinhua Jia
- Institute of cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, China
| | - Lu He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhanfeng Si
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiongming Du
- Institute of cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, China
| | - Tianzhen Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Oil-Body-Membrane Proteins in Polyploid Crop Brassica napus. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172241. [PMID: 36079626 PMCID: PMC9460193 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oil-body-membrane proteins (OBMPs) are essential structural molecules of oil bodies and also versatile metabolic enzymes involved in multiple cellular processes such as lipid metabolism, hormone signaling and stress responses. However, the global landscape for OBMP genes in oil crops is still lacking. Here, we performed genome-wide identification and characterization of OBMP genes in polyploid crop Brassica napus. B. napus contains up to 88 BnaOBMP genes including 53 oleosins, 20 caleosins and 15 steroleosins. Both whole-genome and tandem duplications have contributed to the expansion of the BnaOBMP gene family. These BnaOBMP genes have extensive sequence polymorphisms, and some harbor strong selection signatures. Various cis-acting regulatory elements involved in plant growth, phytohormones and abiotic and biotic stress responses are detected in their promoters. BnaOBMPs exhibit differential expression at various developmental stages from diverse tissues. Importantly, some BnaOBMP genes display spatiotemporal patterns of seed-specific expression, which could be orchestrated by transcriptional factors such as EEL, GATA3, HAT2, SMZ, DOF5.6 and APL. Altogether, our data lay the foundations for studying the regulatory mechanism of the seed oil storage process and provide candidate genes and alleles for the genetic improvement and breeding of rapeseed with high seed oil content.
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14
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Nwafor CC, Li D, Qin P, Li L, Zhang W, Zhou Y, Xu J, Yin Y, Cao J, He L, Xiang F, Liu C, Guo L, Zhou Y, Cahoon EB, Zhang C. Genetic and Biochemical Investigation of Seed Fatty Acid Accumulation in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:942054. [PMID: 35909728 PMCID: PMC9328158 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.942054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a vegetable oil, consisting principally of triacylglycerols, is the major storage form of photosynthetically-fixed carbon in oilseeds which are of significant agricultural and industrial value. Photosynthesis in chlorophyll-containing green seeds, along with photosynthesis in leaves and other green organs, generates ATP and reductant (NADPH and NADH) needed for seed fatty acid production. However, contribution of seed photosynthesis to fatty acid accumulation in seeds have not been well-defined. Here, we report the contribution of seed-photosynthesis to fatty acid production by probing segregating green (photosynthetically-competent) and non-green or yellow (photosynthetically-non-competent) seeds in siliques of an Arabidopsis chlorophyll synthase mutant. Using this mutant, we found that yellow seeds lacking photosynthetic capacity reached 80% of amounts of oil in green seeds at maturity. Combining this with studies using shaded siliques, we determined that seed-photosynthesis accounts for 20% and silique and leaf/stem photosynthesis each account for ~40% of the ATP and reductant for seed oil production. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and pyridine nucleotides and ATP analyses revealed that seed photosynthesis provides ATP and reductant for oil production mostly during early development, as evidenced by delayed oil accumulation in non-green seeds. Transcriptomic analyses suggests that the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway could be the source of carbon, energy and reductants required for fatty acid synthesis beyond the early stages of seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinedu Charles Nwafor
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Delin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Long Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yuanwei Zhou
- Yichang Academy of Agricultural Science, Yichang, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongtai Yin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianbo Cao
- Public Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Limin He
- Public Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fu Xiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains and College of Biology and Agriculture Resource, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
| | - Chao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongming Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Edgar B. Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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15
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Alternative Splicing and Its Roles in Plant Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137355. [PMID: 35806361 PMCID: PMC9266299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant metabolism, including primary metabolism such as tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis, shikimate and amino acid pathways as well as specialized metabolism such as biosynthesis of phenolics, alkaloids and saponins, contributes to plant survival, growth, development and interactions with the environment. To this end, these metabolic processes are tightly and finely regulated transcriptionally, post-transcriptionally, translationally and post-translationally in response to different growth and developmental stages as well as the constantly changing environment. In this review, we summarize and describe the current knowledge of the regulation of plant metabolism by alternative splicing, a post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism that generates multiple protein isoforms from a single gene by using alternative splice sites during splicing. Numerous genes in plant metabolism have been shown to be alternatively spliced under different developmental stages and stress conditions. In particular, alternative splicing serves as a regulatory mechanism to fine-tune plant metabolism by altering biochemical activities, interaction and subcellular localization of proteins encoded by splice isoforms of various genes.
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16
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Wallis JG, Bengtsson JD, Browse J. Molecular Approaches Reduce Saturates and Eliminate trans Fats in Food Oils. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:908608. [PMID: 35720592 PMCID: PMC9205222 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.908608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable oils composed of triacylglycerols (TAG) are a major source of calories in human diets. However, the fatty acid compositions of these oils are not ideal for human nutrition and the needs of the food industry. Saturated fatty acids contribute to health problems, while polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) can become rancid upon storage or processing. In this review, we first summarize the pathways of fatty acid metabolism and TAG synthesis and detail the problems with the oil compositions of major crops. Then we describe how transgenic expression of desaturases and downregulation of the plastid FatB thioesterase have provided the means to lower oil saturates. The traditional solution to PUFA rancidity uses industrial chemistry to reduce PUFA content by partial hydrogenation, but this results in the production of trans fats that are even more unhealthy than saturated fats. We detail the discoveries in the biochemistry and molecular genetics of oil synthesis that provided the knowledge and tools to lower oil PUFA content by blocking their synthesis during seed development. Finally, we describe the successes in breeding and biotechnology that are giving us new, high-oleic, low PUFA varieties of soybean, canola and other oilseed crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Browse
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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17
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Rangan P, Maurya R, Singh S. Can omic tools help generate alternative newer sources of edible seed oil? PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e399. [PMID: 35774621 PMCID: PMC9219012 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There are three pathways for triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis: De novo TAG biosynthesis, phosphatidylcholine-derived biosynthesis, and cytosolic TAG biosynthesis. Variability in fatty acid composition is mainly associated with phosphatidylcholine-derived TAG pathway. Mobilization of TAG-formed through cytosolic pathway into lipid droplets is yet unknown. There are multiple regulatory checkpoints starting from acetyl-CoA carboxylase to the lipid droplet biogenesis in TAG biosynthesis. Although a primary metabolism, only a few species synthesize oil in seeds for storage, and less than 10 species are commercially exploited. To meet out the growing demand for oil, diversifying into newer sources is the only choice left. The present review highlights the potential strategies targeting species like Azadirachta, Callophyllum, Madhuca, Moringa, Pongamia, Ricinus, and Simarouba, which are not being used for eating but are otherwise high yielding (ranging from 1.5 to 20 tons per hectare) with seeds having a high oil content (40-60%). Additionally, understanding the toxin biosynthesis in Ricinus and Simarouba would be useful in developing toxin-free oil plants. Realization of the importance of cell cultures as "oil factories" is not too far into the future and would soon be a commercially viable option for producing oils in vitro, round the clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parimalan Rangan
- Division of Genomic ResourcesICAR‐National Bureau of Plant Genetic ResourcesNew Delhi‐12India
| | - Rasna Maurya
- Division of Genomic ResourcesICAR‐National Bureau of Plant Genetic ResourcesNew Delhi‐12India
| | - Shivani Singh
- Division of Genomic ResourcesICAR‐National Bureau of Plant Genetic ResourcesNew Delhi‐12India
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18
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Does Climate Change Affect Rapeseed Production in Exporting and Importing Countries? Evidence from Market Dynamics Syntheses. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14106051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Globally, non-cereal crops such as vegetable oils and their associated products will surpass cereals in demand by 2050, according to the World Bank (WB). Despite being considered an energy-efficient food crop, the production and supply capability of rapeseed is mostly influenced by climate conditions. Aiming in this context, the study explored how temperature and rainfall patterns influence rapeseed production, as well as how rapeseed prices in major trading countries may influence production and consumption patterns in developing countries. To do this, a supply and demand model approach has been employed for major exporting (Canada) and importing countries, i.e., China, the United States (U.S.) along with Bangladesh, a developing nation. The baseline study period was considered from 1991 to 2018, and simulations were performed up to 2040. The findings revealed that the most important effect on rapeseed yield is directly related to changes in temperature, which are positively related to the growing season but negatively related to the maturity stages of rapeseed in all studied countries. Rapeseed exports from Canada are expected to rise by 2040, while imports from China and the U.S. will rise simultaneously. In Canada, the per capita consumption of rapeseed oil is expected to increase from 16 to 24 kg per year between 2019 and 2040. Over the projection period, oil per capita consumption has steadily increased in China, the U.S., and Bangladesh. The relative demand for rapeseed oil is projected to increase by 2060, according to representative concentration pathways (RCPs). Therefore, it is necessary to determine market prices considering the probable climatic effect and increasing market demand for rapeseed to sustain the international market access of trading nations.
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19
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Use of Camelina sativa and By-Products in Diets for Dairy Cows: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091082. [PMID: 35565509 PMCID: PMC9101957 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Camelina sativa, belonging to the Brassicaceae family, has been grown since 4000 B.C. as an oilseed crop that is more drought- and cold-resistant. Increased demand for its oil, meal, and other derivatives has increased researchers’ interest in this crop. Its anti-nutritional factors can be reduced by solvent, enzyme and heat treatments, and genetic engineering. Inclusion of camelina by-products increases branched-chain volatile fatty acids, decreases neutral detergent fiber digestibility, has no effect on acid detergent fiber digestibility, and lowers acetate levels in dairy cows. Feeding camelina meal reduces ruminal methane, an environmental benefit of using camelina by-products in ruminant diets. The addition of camelina to dairy cow diets decreases ruminal cellulolytic bacteria and bio-hydrogenation. This reduced bio-hydrogenation results in an increase in desirable fatty acids and a decrease in saturated fatty acids in milk obtained from cows fed diets with camelina seeds or its by-products. Studies suggest that by-products of C. sativa can be used safely in dairy cows at appropriate inclusion levels. However, suppression in fat milk percentage and an increase in trans fatty acid isomers should be considered when increasing the inclusion rate of camelina by-products, due to health concerns.
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20
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Fine Mapping and Characterization of a Major Gene Responsible for Chlorophyll Biosynthesis in Brassica napus L. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030402. [PMID: 35327594 PMCID: PMC8945836 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is mainly used for oil production and industrial purposes. A high photosynthetic efficiency is the premise of a high yield capable of meeting people’s various demands. Chlorophyll-deficient mutants are ideal materials for studying chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis. In a previous study, we obtained the mutant yl1 for leaf yellowing throughout the growth period by ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis of B. napus. A genetic analysis showed that the yl1 chlorophyll-deficient phenotype was controlled by one incompletely dominant gene, which was mapped on chromosome A03 by a quantitative trait loci sequencing analysis and designated as BnA03.Chd in this study. We constructed an F2 population containing 5256 individuals to clone BnA03.Chd. Finally, BnA03.Chd was fine-mapped to a 304.7 kb interval of the B. napus ‘ZS11’ genome containing 58 annotated genes. Functional annotation, transcriptome, and sequence variation analyses confirmed that BnaA03g0054400ZS, a homolog of AT5G13630, was the most likely candidate gene. BnaA03g0054400ZS encodes the H subunit of Mg-chelatase. A sequence analysis revealed a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), causing an amino-acid substitution from glutamic acid to lysine (Glu1349Lys). In addition, the molecular marker BnaYL1 was developed based on the SNP of BnA03.Chd, which perfectly cosegregated with the chlorophyll-deficient phenotype in two different F2 populations. Our results provide insight into the molecular mechanism underlying chlorophyll synthesis in B. napus.
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21
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Motto M, Sahay S. Energy plants (crops): potential natural and future designer plants. HANDBOOK OF BIOFUELS 2022:73-114. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822810-4.00004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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22
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Ahmad M, Waraich EA, Skalicky M, Hussain S, Zulfiqar U, Anjum MZ, Habib ur Rahman M, Brestic M, Ratnasekera D, Lamilla-Tamayo L, Al-Ashkar I, EL Sabagh A. Adaptation Strategies to Improve the Resistance of Oilseed Crops to Heat Stress Under a Changing Climate: An Overview. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:767150. [PMID: 34975951 PMCID: PMC8714756 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.767150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is one of the decisive environmental factors that is projected to increase by 1. 5°C over the next two decades due to climate change that may affect various agronomic characteristics, such as biomass production, phenology and physiology, and yield-contributing traits in oilseed crops. Oilseed crops such as soybean, sunflower, canola, peanut, cottonseed, coconut, palm oil, sesame, safflower, olive etc., are widely grown. Specific importance is the vulnerability of oil synthesis in these crops against the rise in climatic temperature, threatening the stability of yield and quality. The natural defense system in these crops cannot withstand the harmful impacts of heat stress, thus causing a considerable loss in seed and oil yield. Therefore, a proper understanding of underlying mechanisms of genotype-environment interactions that could affect oil synthesis pathways is a prime requirement in developing stable cultivars. Heat stress tolerance is a complex quantitative trait controlled by many genes and is challenging to study and characterize. However, heat tolerance studies to date have pointed to several sophisticated mechanisms to deal with the stress of high temperatures, including hormonal signaling pathways for sensing heat stimuli and acquiring tolerance to heat stress, maintaining membrane integrity, production of heat shock proteins (HSPs), removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS), assembly of antioxidants, accumulation of compatible solutes, modified gene expression to enable changes, intelligent agricultural technologies, and several other agronomic techniques for thriving and surviving. Manipulation of multiple genes responsible for thermo-tolerance and exploring their high expressions greatly impacts their potential application using CRISPR/Cas genome editing and OMICS technology. This review highlights the latest outcomes on the response and tolerance to heat stress at the cellular, organelle, and whole plant levels describing numerous approaches applied to enhance thermos-tolerance in oilseed crops. We are attempting to critically analyze the scattered existing approaches to temperature tolerance used in oilseeds as a whole, work toward extending studies into the field, and provide researchers and related parties with useful information to streamline their breeding programs so that they can seek new avenues and develop guidelines that will greatly enhance ongoing efforts to establish heat stress tolerance in oilseeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ahmad
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Tropical Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, United States
| | | | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Usman Zulfiqar
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zohaib Anjum
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Habib ur Rahman
- Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
- Crop Science Group, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Disna Ratnasekera
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Kamburupitiya, Sri Lanka
| | - Laura Lamilla-Tamayo
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ibrahim Al-Ashkar
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman EL Sabagh
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, Egypt
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Naji SZ, Tye CT, Abd AA. State of the art of vegetable oil transformation into biofuels using catalytic cracking technology: Recent trends and future perspectives. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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24
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Singer SD, Jayawardhane KN, Jiao C, Weselake RJ, Chen G. The effect of AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE 7 over-expression on seed fatty acid biosynthesis, storage oil accumulation and the transcriptome in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1647-1663. [PMID: 34215912 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02715-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
AIL7 over-expression modulates fatty acid biosynthesis and triacylglycerol accumulation in Arabidopsis developing seeds through the transcriptional regulation of associated genes. Seed fatty acids (FAs) and triacylglycerol (TAG) contribute to many functions in plants, and seed lipids have broad food, feed and industrial applications. As a result, an enormous amount of attention has been dedicated towards uncovering the regulatory cascade responsible for the fine-tuning of the lipid biosynthetic pathway in seeds, which is regulated in part through the action of LEAFY COTYLEDON1, ABSCISSIC ACID INSENSITIVE 3, FUSCA3 and LEC2 (LAFL) transcription factors. Although AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE 7 (AIL7) is involved in meristematic function and shoot phyllotaxy, its effect in the context of lipid biosynthesis has yet to be assessed. Here, we generated AIL7 seed-specific over-expression lines and found that they exhibited significant alterations in FA composition and decreased total lipid accumulation in seeds. Seeds and seedlings from transgenic lines also exhibited morphological deviations compared to wild type. Correspondingly, RNA-Seq analysis demonstrated that the expression of many genes related to FA biosynthesis and TAG breakdown were significantly altered in developing siliques from transgenic lines compared to wild-type plants. The seed-specific over-expression of AIL7 also altered the expression profiles of many genes related to starch metabolism, photosynthesis and stress response, suggesting further roles for AIL7 in plants. These findings not only advance our understanding of the lipid biosynthetic pathway in seeds, but also provide evidence for additional functions of AIL7, which could prove valuable in downstream breeding and/or metabolic engineering endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy D Singer
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada.
| | - Kethmi N Jayawardhane
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Chen Jiao
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
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25
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Evolution and Characterization of Acetyl Coenzyme A: Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Genes in Cotton Identify the Roles of GhDGAT3D in Oil Biosynthesis and Fatty Acid Composition. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071045. [PMID: 34356061 PMCID: PMC8306077 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cottonseed oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and serves as an edible oil in human nutrition. Reports suggest that acyl-coenzyme A: diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT) and wax ester synthase/DGAT (WSD1) genes encode a key group of enzymes that catalyze the final step for triacylglycerol biosynthesis and enable an important rate-limiting process. However, their roles in oil biosynthesis and the fatty acid profile of cotton seed are poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify and characterize DGAT and WSD1 genes in cotton plants and examine their roles in oil biosynthesis, the fatty acid profile of cotton seeds, and abiotic stress responses. In this study, 36 GhDGAT and GhWSD1 genes were identified in upland cotton (G. hirsutum) and found to be clustered into four groups: GhDGAT1, GhDGAT2, GhDGAT3, and GhWSD1. Gene structure and domain analyses showed that the GhDGAT and GhWSD1 genes in each group are highly conserved. Gene synteny analysis indicated that segmental and tandem duplication events occurred frequently during cotton evolution. Expression analysis revealed that GhDGAT and GhWSD1 genes function widely in cotton development and stress responses; moreover, several environmental stress and hormone response-related cis-elements were detected in the GhDGAT and GhWSD1 promoter regions. The predicted target transcription factors and miRNAs imply an extensive role of GhDGAT and GhWSD1 genes in stress responses. Increases in GhDGAT3 gene expression with increases in cottonseed oil accumulation were observed. Transformation study results showed that there was an increase in C18:1 content and a decrease in C18:2 and C18:3 contents in seeds of Arabidopsis transgenic plants overexpressing GhDGAT3D compared with that of control plants. Overall, these findings contributed to the understanding of the functions of GhDGAT and GhWSD1 genes in upland cotton, providing basic information for further research.
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Deepika D, Singh A. Plant phospholipase D: novel structure, regulatory mechanism, and multifaceted functions with biotechnological application. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:106-124. [PMID: 34167393 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1924113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipases D (PLDs) are important membrane lipid-modifying enzymes in eukaryotes. Phosphatidic acid, the product of PLD activity, is a vital signaling molecule. PLD-mediated lipid signaling has been the subject of extensive research leading to discovery of its crystal structure. PLDs are involved in the pathophysiology of several human diseases, therefore, viewed as promising targets for drug design. The availability of a eukaryotic PLD crystal structure will encourage PLD targeted drug designing. PLDs have been implicated in plants response to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the molecular mechanism of response is not clear. Recently, several novel findings have shown that PLD mediated modulation of structural and developmental processes, such as: stomata movement, root growth and microtubule organization are crucial for plants adaptation to environmental stresses. Involvement of PLDs in regulating membrane remodeling, auxin mediated alteration of root system architecture and nutrient uptake to combat nitrogen and phosphorus deficiencies and magnesium toxicity is established. PLDs via vesicle trafficking modulate cytoskeleton and exocytosis to regulate self-incompatibility (SI) signaling in flowering plants, thereby contributes to plants hybrid vigor and diversity. In addition, the important role of PLDs has been recognized in biotechnologically important functions, including oil/TAG synthesis and maintenance of seed quality. In this review, we describe the crystal structure of a plant PLD and discuss the molecular mechanism of catalysis and activity regulation. Further, the role of PLDs in regulating plant development under biotic and abiotic stresses, nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency, magnesium ion toxicity, SI signaling and pollen tube growth and in important biotechnological applications has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Deepika
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Amarjeet Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
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27
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Montoya M, Vallejo A, Corrochano-Monsalve M, Aguilera E, Sanz-Cobena A, Ginés C, González-Murua C, Álvarez JM, Guardia G. Mitigation of yield-scaled nitrous oxide emissions and global warming potential in an oilseed rape crop through N source management. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 288:112304. [PMID: 33773210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced-efficiency nitrogen (N) fertilizers, such as those containing nitrification or urease inhibitors, can mitigate the carbon (C) footprint linked to the production of bioenergy crops through a reduction in direct nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and indirect N2O losses. These indirect emissions are derived from ammonia (NH3) volatilization, which also have important environmental and health implications. The evaluation of the global warming potential (GWP) of different N sources using site-specific data of yield and direct and indirect emissions is needed for oilseed rape under rainfed semi-arid conditions, especially when meteorological variability is taken into account. Using urea as a N source, the N2O mitigation efficacy of the urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) alone or combined with the nitrification inhibitor 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) succinic acid isomeric mixture (DMPSA) was evaluated under field conditions in a rainfed oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) crop. Two additional N sources from calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN), with and without DMPSA, were included. The GWP of the treatments was estimated considering the emissions from inputs, operations and other direct and indirect emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as methane (CH4) and the volatilization of NH3. We also measured the abundance of key genes involved in nitrification and denitrification to improve the understanding of N2O emissions on a biochemical basis under the conditions of our study. The results show that due to the intense rainfall after fertilization and a rewetting event, N2O losses from fertilizers without inhibitors were greater than those previously reported under Mediterranean conditions, while NH3 losses were low and not affected by the urease inhibitor. The cumulative N2O emissions (which were greatly influenced by a rewetting peak three months after fertilization) from the urea fertilization were significantly higher than those from CAN. The presence of NBPT significantly reduced N2O losses by an average of 71%, with respect to urea. The use of DMPSA with CAN resulted in an abatement of N2O emissions (by 57%) and a significant increase in oil yield in comparison with CAN alone. All inhibitor-based treatments were effective in abating N2O emissions during the rewetting peak. The abundances of the nitrifier and denitrifier communities, especially ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), significantly decreased relative to the urea or CAN treatments as inhibitors were applied. Under the conditions of our study, the sustainability of a bioenergy crop such as oilseed rape can be improved by using inhibitors because they mitigated N2O emissions and/or enhanced the oil yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Montoya
- Departamento de Química y Tecnología de Alimentos, ETSI Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Estudios e Investigación para la Gestión de Riesgos Agrarios y Medioambientales (CEIGRAM), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio Vallejo
- Departamento de Química y Tecnología de Alimentos, ETSI Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Estudios e Investigación para la Gestión de Riesgos Agrarios y Medioambientales (CEIGRAM), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Eduardo Aguilera
- Departamento de Química y Tecnología de Alimentos, ETSI Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Estudios e Investigación para la Gestión de Riesgos Agrarios y Medioambientales (CEIGRAM), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Sanz-Cobena
- Departamento de Química y Tecnología de Alimentos, ETSI Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Estudios e Investigación para la Gestión de Riesgos Agrarios y Medioambientales (CEIGRAM), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia Ginés
- Departamento de Química y Tecnología de Alimentos, ETSI Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Estudios e Investigación para la Gestión de Riesgos Agrarios y Medioambientales (CEIGRAM), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen González-Murua
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - José Manuel Álvarez
- Departamento de Química y Tecnología de Alimentos, ETSI Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Estudios e Investigación para la Gestión de Riesgos Agrarios y Medioambientales (CEIGRAM), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Guardia
- Departamento de Química y Tecnología de Alimentos, ETSI Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Estudios e Investigación para la Gestión de Riesgos Agrarios y Medioambientales (CEIGRAM), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
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28
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Liu F, Wang P, Xiong X, Zeng X, Zhang X, Wu G. A Review of Nervonic Acid Production in Plants: Prospects for the Genetic Engineering of High Nervonic Acid Cultivars Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:626625. [PMID: 33747006 PMCID: PMC7973461 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.626625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Nervonic acid (NA) is a very-long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid that plays crucial roles in brain development and has attracted widespread research interest. The markets encouraged the development of a refined, NA-enriched plant oil as feedstocks for the needed further studies of NA biological functions to the end commercial application. Plant seed oils offer a renewable and environmentally friendly source of NA, but their industrial production is presently hindered by various factors. This review focuses on the NA biosynthesis and assembly, NA resources from plants, and the genetic engineering of NA biosynthesis in oil crops, discusses the factors that affect NA production in genetically engineered oil crops, and provides prospects for the application of NA and prospective trends in the engineering of NA. This review emphasizes the progress made toward various NA-related topics and explores the limitations and trends, thereby providing integrated and comprehensive insight into the nature of NA production mechanisms during genetic engineering. Furthermore, this report supports further work involving the manipulation of NA production through transgenic technologies and molecular breeding for the enhancement of crop nutritional quality or creation of plant biochemical factories to produce NA for use in nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Pandi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinhua Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Life Science and Technology Center, China National Seed Group Co. Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
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29
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Romsdahl TB, Kambhampati S, Koley S, Yadav UP, Alonso AP, Allen DK, Chapman KD. Analyzing Mass Spectrometry Imaging Data of 13C-Labeled Phospholipids in Camelina sativa and Thlaspi arvense (Pennycress) Embryos. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11030148. [PMID: 33806402 PMCID: PMC7999836 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11030148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of 13C-isotopic labeling and mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) offers an approach to analyze metabolic flux in situ. However, combining isotopic labeling and MSI presents technical challenges ranging from sample preparation, label incorporation, data collection, and analysis. Isotopic labeling and MSI individually create large, complex data sets, and this is compounded when both methods are combined. Therefore, analyzing isotopically labeled MSI data requires streamlined procedures to support biologically meaningful interpretations. Using currently available software and techniques, here we describe a workflow to analyze 13C-labeled isotopologues of the membrane lipid and storage oil lipid intermediate―phosphatidylcholine (PC). Our results with embryos of the oilseed crops, Camelina sativa and Thlaspi arvense (pennycress), demonstrated greater 13C-isotopic labeling in the cotyledons of developing embryos compared with the embryonic axis. Greater isotopic enrichment in PC molecular species with more saturated and longer chain fatty acids suggest different flux patterns related to fatty acid desaturation and elongation pathways. The ability to evaluate MSI data of isotopically labeled plant embryos will facilitate the potential to investigate spatial aspects of metabolic flux in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor B. Romsdahl
- Department of Biological Sciences & BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA; (T.B.R.); (U.P.Y.); (A.P.A.)
| | | | - Somnath Koley
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA; (S.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Umesh P. Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences & BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA; (T.B.R.); (U.P.Y.); (A.P.A.)
| | - Ana Paula Alonso
- Department of Biological Sciences & BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA; (T.B.R.); (U.P.Y.); (A.P.A.)
| | - Doug K. Allen
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA; (S.K.); (S.K.)
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
- Correspondence: (D.K.A.); or (K.D.C.); Tel.: +1-940-565-2969 (K.D.C.)
| | - Kent D. Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences & BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA; (T.B.R.); (U.P.Y.); (A.P.A.)
- Correspondence: (D.K.A.); or (K.D.C.); Tel.: +1-940-565-2969 (K.D.C.)
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30
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Sergeeva A, Mettler‐Altmann T, Liu H, Mai H, Bauer P. Glycerolipid profile differences between perennial and annual stem zones in the perennial model plant Arabis alpina. PLANT DIRECT 2021; 5:e00302. [PMID: 33506166 PMCID: PMC7814627 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The perennial life style is a successful ecological strategy, and Arabis alpina is a recently developed model Brassicaceae species for studying it. One aspect, poorly investigated until today, concerns the differing patterns of allocation, storage, and metabolism of nutrients between perennials and annuals and the yet unknown signals that regulate this process. A. alpina has a complex lateral stem architecture with a proximal vegetative perennial (PZ) and a distal annual flowering zone (AZ) inside the same stems. Lipid bodies (LBs) with triacylglycerols (TAGs) accumulate in the PZ. To identify potential processes of lipid metabolism linked with the perennial lifestyle, we analyzed lipid species in the PZ versus AZ. Glycerolipid fractions, including neutral lipids with mainly TAGs, phospholipids, and glycolipids, were present at higher levels in the PZ as compared to AZ or roots. Concomitantly, contents of specific long-chain and very long-chain fatty acids increased during formation of the PZ. Corresponding gene expression data, gene ontology term enrichment, and correlation analysis with lipid species pinpoint glycerolipid-related genes to be active during the development of the PZ. Possibilities that lipid metabolism genes may be targets of regulatory mechanisms specifying PZ differentiation in A. alpina are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sergeeva
- Institute of BotanyHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS)Heinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Tabea Mettler‐Altmann
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS)Heinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
- Institute of Plant BiochemistryHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Hongjiu Liu
- Institute of BotanyHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Hans‐Jörg Mai
- Institute of BotanyHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Petra Bauer
- Institute of BotanyHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS)Heinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
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Liu JY, Zhang YW, Han X, Zuo JF, Zhang Z, Shang H, Song Q, Zhang YM. An evolutionary population structure model reveals pleiotropic effects of GmPDAT for traits related to seed size and oil content in soybean. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6988-7002. [PMID: 32926130 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Seed oil traits in soybean that are of benefit to human nutrition and health have been selected for during crop domestication. However, these domesticated traits have significant differences across various evolutionary types. In this study, we found that the integration of evolutionary population structure (evolutionary types) with genome-wide association studies increased the power of gene detection, and it identified one locus for traits related to seed size and oil content on chromosome 13. This domestication locus, together with another one in a 200-kb region, was confirmed by the GEMMA and EMMAX software. The candidate gene, GmPDAT, had higher expressional levels in high-oil and large-seed accessions than in low-oil and small-seed accessions. Overexpression lines had increased seed size and oil content, whereas RNAi lines had decreased seed size and oil content. The molecular mechanism of GmPDAT was deduced based on results from linkage analysis for triacylglycerols and on histocytological comparisons of transgenic soybean seeds. Our results illustrate a new approach for identifying domestication genes with pleiotropic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yang Liu
- Crop Information Center, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-Wen Zhang
- Crop Information Center, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Han
- Crop Information Center, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Fang Zuo
- Crop Information Center, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haihong Shang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qijian Song
- Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuan-Ming Zhang
- Crop Information Center, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Biotechnology tools and applications for development of oilseed crops with healthy vegetable oils. Biochimie 2020; 178:4-14. [PMID: 32979430 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vegetable oils, consisting principally of triacylglycerols (TAG), are major sources of calories and essential fatty acids in the human diet. The fatty acid composition of TAG is a primary determinant of the nutritional quality and health-promoting properties of vegetable oils. TAG fatty acid composition also affects the functionality and properties of vegetable oils in food applications and in food processing and preparation. Vegetable oils with improved nutritional and functional properties have been developed for oilseed crops by selection and breeding of fatty acid biosynthetic mutants. These efforts have been effective at generating vegetable oils with altered relative amounts of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in seed TAG, but are constrained by insufficient genetic diversity for producing oils with "healthy" fatty acids that are not typically found in major oilseeds. The development and application of biotechnological tools have instead enabled the generation of oilseeds that produce novel fatty acid compositions with improved nutritional value by the introduction of genes from alternative sources, including plants, bacteria, and fungi. These tools have also allowed the generation of desired oil compositions that have proven difficult to obtain by breeding without compromised performance in selected oilseed crops. Here, we review biotechnological tools for increasing crop genetic diversity and their application for commercial or proof-of-principal development of oilseeds with expanded utility for food and feed applications and higher value nutritional and nutraceutical markets.
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Mihálik D, Lančaričová A, Mrkvová M, Kaňuková Š, Moravčíková J, Glasa M, Šubr Z, Predajňa L, Hančinský R, Grešíková S, Havrlentová M, Hauptvogel P, Kraic J. Diacylglycerol Acetyltransferase Gene Isolated from Euonymus europaeus L. Altered Lipid Metabolism in Transgenic Plant towards the Production of Acetylated Triacylglycerols. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10090205. [PMID: 32947896 PMCID: PMC7554731 DOI: 10.3390/life10090205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Euonymus species from the Celastraceae family are considered as a source of unusual genes modifying the oil content and fatty acid composition of vegetable oils. Due to the possession of genes encoding enzyme diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (DAcT), Euonymus plants can synthesize and accumulate acetylated triacyglycerols. The gene from Euonymus europaeus (EeDAcT) encoding the DAcT was identified, isolated, characterized, and modified for cloning and genetic transformation of plants. This gene has a unique nucleotide sequence and amino acid composition, different from orthologous genes from other Euonymus species. Nucleotide sequence of original EeDAcT gene was modified, cloned into transformation vector, and introduced into tobacco plants. Overexpression of EeDAcT gene was confirmed, and transgenic host plants produced and accumulated acetylated triacylglycerols (TAGs) in immature seeds. Individual transgenic plants showed difference in amounts of synthesized acetylTAGs and also in fatty acid composition of acetylTAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mihálik
- Research Institute of Plant Production, National Agricultural and Food Center, Bratislavská cesta 122, 92168 Piešt’any, Slovakia; (D.M.); (A.L.); (M.H.); (P.H.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Námestie J. Herdu 2, 91701 Trnava, Slovakia; (M.M.); (Š.K.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Andrea Lančaričová
- Research Institute of Plant Production, National Agricultural and Food Center, Bratislavská cesta 122, 92168 Piešt’any, Slovakia; (D.M.); (A.L.); (M.H.); (P.H.)
| | - Michaela Mrkvová
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Námestie J. Herdu 2, 91701 Trnava, Slovakia; (M.M.); (Š.K.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Šarlota Kaňuková
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Námestie J. Herdu 2, 91701 Trnava, Slovakia; (M.M.); (Š.K.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Jana Moravčíková
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Námestie J. Herdu 2, 91701 Trnava, Slovakia; (M.M.); (Š.K.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Miroslav Glasa
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Námestie J. Herdu 2, 91701 Trnava, Slovakia; (M.M.); (Š.K.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (S.G.)
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Z.Š.); (L.P.)
| | - Zdeno Šubr
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Z.Š.); (L.P.)
| | - Lukáš Predajňa
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Z.Š.); (L.P.)
| | - Richard Hančinský
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Námestie J. Herdu 2, 91701 Trnava, Slovakia; (M.M.); (Š.K.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Simona Grešíková
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Námestie J. Herdu 2, 91701 Trnava, Slovakia; (M.M.); (Š.K.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Michaela Havrlentová
- Research Institute of Plant Production, National Agricultural and Food Center, Bratislavská cesta 122, 92168 Piešt’any, Slovakia; (D.M.); (A.L.); (M.H.); (P.H.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Námestie J. Herdu 2, 91701 Trnava, Slovakia; (M.M.); (Š.K.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Pavol Hauptvogel
- Research Institute of Plant Production, National Agricultural and Food Center, Bratislavská cesta 122, 92168 Piešt’any, Slovakia; (D.M.); (A.L.); (M.H.); (P.H.)
| | - Ján Kraic
- Research Institute of Plant Production, National Agricultural and Food Center, Bratislavská cesta 122, 92168 Piešt’any, Slovakia; (D.M.); (A.L.); (M.H.); (P.H.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Námestie J. Herdu 2, 91701 Trnava, Slovakia; (M.M.); (Š.K.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Knoch D, Abbadi A, Grandke F, Meyer RC, Samans B, Werner CR, Snowdon RJ, Altmann T. Strong temporal dynamics of QTL action on plant growth progression revealed through high-throughput phenotyping in canola. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:68-82. [PMID: 31125482 PMCID: PMC6920335 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge of plant biology is to unravel the genetic basis of complex traits. We took advantage of recent technical advances in high-throughput phenotyping in conjunction with genome-wide association studies to elucidate genotype-phenotype relationships at high temporal resolution. A diverse Brassica napus population from a commercial breeding programme was analysed by automated non-invasive phenotyping. Time-resolved data for early growth-related traits, including estimated biovolume, projected leaf area, early plant height and colour uniformity, were established and complemented by fresh and dry weight biomass. Genome-wide SNP array data provided the framework for genome-wide association analyses. Using time point data and relative growth rates, multiple robust main effect marker-trait associations for biomass and related traits were detected. Candidate genes involved in meristem development, cell wall modification and transcriptional regulation were detected. Our results demonstrate that early plant growth is a highly complex trait governed by several medium and many small effect loci, most of which act only during short phases. These observations highlight the importance of taking the temporal patterns of QTL/allele actions into account and emphasize the need for detailed time-resolved analyses to effectively unravel the complex and stage-specific contributions of genes affecting growth processes that operate at different developmental phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Knoch
- Molecular Genetics/HeterosisLeibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)SeelandGermany
| | - Amine Abbadi
- Norddeutsche Pflanzenzucht Innovation GmbH (NPZi)HoltseeGermany
| | - Fabian Grandke
- Department of Plant BreedingResearch Centre for BiosystemsLand Use and Nutrition (iFZ)Justus‐Liebig‐University GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Rhonda C. Meyer
- Molecular Genetics/HeterosisLeibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)SeelandGermany
| | - Birgit Samans
- Department of Plant BreedingResearch Centre for BiosystemsLand Use and Nutrition (iFZ)Justus‐Liebig‐University GiessenGiessenGermany
- Present address:
Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen (THM), University of Applied SciencesFachbereich Gesundheit35390GiessenGermany
| | - Christian R. Werner
- Department of Plant BreedingResearch Centre for BiosystemsLand Use and Nutrition (iFZ)Justus‐Liebig‐University GiessenGiessenGermany
- Present address:
The Roslin InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEaster Bush CampusMidlothianEH25 9RGUK
| | - Rod J. Snowdon
- Department of Plant BreedingResearch Centre for BiosystemsLand Use and Nutrition (iFZ)Justus‐Liebig‐University GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Thomas Altmann
- Molecular Genetics/HeterosisLeibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)SeelandGermany
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Bai Y, Jing G, Zhou J, Li S, Bi R, Zhao J, Jia Q, Zhang Q, Zhang W. Overexpression of soybean GmPLDγ enhances seed oil content and modulates fatty acid composition in transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 290:110298. [PMID: 31779909 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) hydrolyzes the phosphodiester bond of glycerophospholipids to yield phosphatidic acid (PA) and a free headgroup. PLDs are important for plant growth, development, and responses to external stresses. However, their roles in triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis are still unclear. Here, we report that a soybean (Glycine max) PLDγ (GmPLDγ) is involved in glycerolipid turnover and seed oil production. GmPLDγ was targeted to mitochondria and exhibited PLD activity that was activated by oleate and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2]. Overexpression of GmPLDγ (abbreviated GmPLDγ-OE) in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in enhanced seed weight, elevated levels of TAGs with 18-, 20-, and 22-carbon fatty acids (FAs), and altered oil-body morphology. Furthermore, the levels of membrane lipids in vegetative tissues decreased significantly, whereas no overt changes were found in mature seeds except for a decrease in the digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) level in the GmPLDγ-OE lines. Additionally, the expression of genes involved in glycerolipid metabolism was significantly upregulated in developing siliques in GmPLDγ-OE lines. Together, our data indicate a regulatory role for GmPLDγ in TAG synthesis and fatty-acid remodeling, highlighting the importance of mitochondria-directed glycerophospholipid homeostasis in seed oil accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Guangqin Jing
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Jing Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Shuxiang Li
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Rongrong Bi
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Jiangzhe Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Qianru Jia
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Qun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
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Mapelli-Brahm A, Sánchez R, Pan X, Moreno-Pérez AJ, Garcés R, Martínez-Force E, Weselake RJ, Salas JJ, Venegas-Calerón M. Functional Characterization of Lysophosphatidylcholine: Acyl-CoA Acyltransferase Genes From Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:403. [PMID: 32351524 PMCID: PMC7176023 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT, EC 2.3.1.23) is an evolutionarily conserved key enzyme in the Lands cycle that catalyzes acylation of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) to produce phosphatidylcholine (PC), the main phospholipid in cellular membranes. In this study, three LPCAT genes from sunflower were identified and the corresponding proteins characterized. These HaLPCAT genes encoded functionally active enzymes that were able to complement a deficient yeast mutant. Moreover, enzymatic assays were carried out using microsomal preparations of the yeast cells. When acyl specificities were measured in the forward reaction, these enzymes exhibited a substrate preference for unsaturated acyl-CoAs, especially for linolenoyl-CoA, while in the reverse reaction, linoleoyl or linolenoyl acyl groups were transferred from PC to acyl-CoA to a similar extent. Expression levels of LPCAT genes were studied revealing distinct tissue-specific expression patterns. In summary, this study suggests that the combined forward and reverse reactions catalyzed by sunflower LPCATs facilitate acyl-exchange between the sn-2 position of PC and the acyl-CoA pool. Sunflower LPCATs displayed different characteristics, which could point to different functionalities, favoring the enrichment of seed triacylglycerols (TAGs) with polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mapelli-Brahm
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 410 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rosario Sánchez
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Xue Pan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 410 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Rafael Garcés
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Randall J. Weselake
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 410 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Joaquín J. Salas
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- *Correspondence: Joaquín J. Salas,
| | - Mónica Venegas-Calerón
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Mónica Venegas-Calerón,
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37
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Cenzano AM, Arslan I. Comprehensive and quantitative profiling of lipid molecular species by LC-ESI-MS/MS of four native species from semiarid Patagonian Monte. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 146:447-456. [PMID: 31812010 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of lipid and fatty acids unsaturated composition has been described as one of the mechanisms associated to drought tolerance, but research about the lipid profile in native plants of semiarid environment is still limited. The primary objective was to study whether lipid profiles correlates with drought resistance strategies (tolerant or avoidant) of two life forms (shrubs and grasses). The lipid classes and molecular species of green leaves of Larrea divaricata and Lycium chilense shrubs and Pappostipa speciosa and Poa ligularis grasses were determined using LC-ESI-MS/MS. The soil water content was very low during spring and leaf relative water content was between 47 and 74% in the four species. Lipid profiling was different between both life forms. The prevalent compounds were digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and phosphatidic acid (PA). The lipid signature shows that L. divaricata adjust its lipid composition to tolerate drought, increasing the content of: a) total lipids and total phospholipids, b) structural phospholipids (36:4 and 36:2-PC, phosphatidylcholine; 36:4-PE, phosphatidylethanolamine), c) chloroplast and mitochondria lipids (32:1 and 32:0-PG, phosphatidylglycerol; 34:3, 36:6 and 36:3-DGDG), d) signaling lipids (34:3, 34:2 and 36:5-PA and PI, phosphatidylinositol), and e) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs, 18:3 and 18:2) and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs, in 40:2 and 42:2-PS, phosphatidylserine). This membrane lipid composition contributes to membrane stabilization as metabolic-functional strategy for drought tolerance in the Patagonian Monte. In addition, the 18:3 present in lipids of both grasses could be incorporated to lamb fed based on pastures and result healthy for human dietary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Cenzano
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología y Bioquímica Vegetal (ECOFIVE), Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IPEEC- CONICET), Boulevard Brown 2915, CP 9120, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina.
| | - Idris Arslan
- Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Faculty of Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Department, Incivez, 67100, Zonguldak, Turkey.
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38
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Yuan L, Li R. Metabolic Engineering a Model Oilseed Camelina sativa for the Sustainable Production of High-Value Designed Oils. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:11. [PMID: 32117362 PMCID: PMC7028685 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz is an important Brassicaceae oil crop with a number of excellent agronomic traits including low water and fertilizer input, strong adaptation and resistance. Furthermore, its short life cycle and easy genetic transformation, combined with available data of genome and other "-omics" have enabled camelina as a model oil plant to study lipid metabolism regulation and genetic improvement. Particularly, camelina is capable of rapid metabolic engineering to synthesize and accumulate high levels of unusual fatty acids and modified oils in seeds, which are more stable and environmentally friendly. Such engineered camelina oils have been increasingly used as the super resource for edible oil, health-promoting food and medicine, biofuel oil and high-valued chemical production. In this review, we mainly highlight the latest advance in metabolic engineering towards the predictive manipulation of metabolism for commercial production of desirable bio-based products using camelina as an ideal platform. Moreover, we deeply analysis camelina seed metabolic engineering strategy and its promising achievements by describing the metabolic assembly of biosynthesis pathways for acetyl glycerides, hydroxylated fatty acids, medium-chain fatty acids, ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, palmitoleic acid (ω-7) and other high-value oils. Future prospects are discussed, with a focus on the cutting-edge techniques in camelina such as genome editing application, fine directed manipulation of metabolism and future outlook for camelina industry development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Yuan
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Runzhi Li
- Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
- *Correspondence: Runzhi Li,
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39
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Liao P, Woodfield HK, Harwood JL, Chye ML, Scofield S. Comparative Transcriptomics Analysis of Brassica napus L. during Seed Maturation Reveals Dynamic Changes in Gene Expression between Embryos and Seed Coats and Distinct Expression Profiles of Acyl-CoA-Binding Proteins for Lipid Accumulation. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2812-2825. [PMID: 31504915 PMCID: PMC6896696 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Production of vegetable oils is a vital agricultural resource and oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is the third most important oil crop globally. Although the regulation of lipid biosynthesis in oilseeds is still not fully defined, the acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) have been reported to be involved in such metabolism, including oil accumulation, in several plant species. In this study, progressive changes in gene expression in embryos and seed coats at different stages of seed development were comprehensively investigated by transcriptomic analyses in B. napus, revealing dynamic changes in the expression of genes involved in lipid biosynthesis. We show that genes encoding BnACBP proteins show distinct changes in expression at different developmental stages of seed development and show markedly different expression between embryos and seed coats. Both isoforms of the ankyrin-repeat BnACBP2 increased during the oil accumulation period of embryo development. By contrast, the expression of the three most abundant isoforms of the small molecular mass BnACBP6 in embryos showed progressive reduction, despite having the highest overall expression level. In seed coats, BnACBP3, BnACBP4 and BnACBP5 expression remained constant during development, whereas the two major isoforms of BnACBP6 increased, contrasting with the data from embryos. We conclude that genes related to fatty acid and triacylglycerol biosynthesis showing dynamic expression changes may regulate the lipid distribution in embryos and seed coats of B. napus and that BnACBP2 and BnACBP6 are potentially important for oil accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liao
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
- Corresponding authors: John L. Harwood, E-mail, ; Fax, 00-44-2920-874116; Mee-Len Chye, E-mail, ; Fax, 852-28583477
| | - Mee-Len Chye
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Corresponding authors: John L. Harwood, E-mail, ; Fax, 00-44-2920-874116; Mee-Len Chye, E-mail, ; Fax, 852-28583477
| | - Simon Scofield
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
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40
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Zhao W, Liu H, Zhang L, Hu Z, Liu J, Hua W, Xu S, Liu J. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of FBA Gene Family in Polyploid Crop Brassica napus. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5749. [PMID: 31731804 PMCID: PMC6888112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) is a versatile metabolic enzyme involved in multiple important processes of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and Calvin cycle. Despite its significance in plant biology, the identity of this gene family in oil crops is lacking. Here, we performed genome-wide identification and characterization of FBAs in an allotetraploid species, oilseed rape Brassica napus. Twenty-two BnaFBA genes were identified and divided into two groups based on integrative analyses of functional domains, phylogenetic relationships, and gene structures. Twelve and ten B. napus FBAs (BnaFBAs) were predicted to be localized in the chloroplast and cytoplasm, respectively. Notably, synteny analysis revealed that Brassica-specific triplication contributed to the expansion of the BnaFBA gene family during the evolution of B. napus. Various cis-acting regulatory elements pertinent to abiotic and biotic stresses, as well as phytohormone responses, were detected. Intriguingly, each of the BnaFBA genes exhibited distinct sequence polymorphisms. Among them, six contained signatures of selection, likely having experienced breeding selection during adaptation and domestication. Importantly, BnaFBAs showed diverse expression patterns at different developmental stages and were preferentially highly expressed in photosynthetic tissues. Our data thus provided the foundation for further elucidating the functional roles of individual BnaFBA and also potential targets for engineering to improve photosynthetic productivity in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.Z.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (Z.H.); (J.L.); (W.H.)
| | - Hongfang Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.Z.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (Z.H.); (J.L.); (W.H.)
| | - Liang Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.Z.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (Z.H.); (J.L.); (W.H.)
| | - Zhiyong Hu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.Z.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (Z.H.); (J.L.); (W.H.)
| | - Jun Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.Z.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (Z.H.); (J.L.); (W.H.)
| | - Wei Hua
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.Z.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (Z.H.); (J.L.); (W.H.)
| | - Shouming Xu
- Henan key laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.Z.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (Z.H.); (J.L.); (W.H.)
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Lima RT, Alves AM, de Paula AV, de Castro HF, Andrade GS. Mycelium-bound lipase from Penicillium citrinum as biocatalyst for the hydrolysis of vegetable oils. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kassab E, Fuchs M, Haack M, Mehlmer N, Brueck TB. Engineering Escherichia coli FAB system using synthetic plant genes for the production of long chain fatty acids. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:163. [PMID: 31581944 PMCID: PMC6777021 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1217-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sustainable production of microbial fatty acids derivatives has the potential to replace petroleum based equivalents in the chemical, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. Most fatty acid sources for production oleochemicals are currently plant derived. However, utilization of these crops are associated with land use change and food competition. Microbial oils could be an alternative source of fatty acids, which circumvents the issue with agricultural competition. Results In this study, we generated a chimeric microbial production system that features aspects of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic fatty acid biosynthetic pathways targeted towards the generation of long chain fatty acids. We redirected the type-II fatty acid biosynthetic pathway of Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain by incorporating two homologues of the beta-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase I and II from the chloroplastic fatty acid biosynthetic pathway of Arabidopsis thaliana. The microbial clones harboring the heterologous pathway yielded 292 mg/g and 220 mg/g DCW for KAS I and KAS II harboring plasmids respectively. Surprisingly, beta-ketoacyl synthases KASI/II isolated from A. thaliana showed compatibility with the FAB pathway in E. coli. Conclusion The efficiency of the heterologous plant enzymes supersedes the overexpression of the native enzyme in the E. coli production system, which leads to cell death in fabF overexpression and fabB deletion mutants. The utilization of our plasmid based system would allow generation of plant like fatty acids in E. coli and their subsequent chemical or enzymatic conversion to high end oleochemical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Kassab
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Monika Fuchs
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Martina Haack
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Norbert Mehlmer
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas B Brueck
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany.
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Woodfield HK, Fenyk S, Wallington E, Bates RE, Brown A, Guschina IA, Marillia E, Taylor DC, Fell D, Harwood JL, Fawcett T. Increase in lysophosphatidate acyltransferase activity in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) increases seed triacylglycerol content despite its low intrinsic flux control coefficient. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:700-711. [PMID: 31400160 PMCID: PMC6790676 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidate acyltransferase (LPAAT) catalyses the second step of the Kennedy pathway for triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis. In this study we expressed Trapaeolum majus LPAAT in Brassica napus (B. napus) cv 12075 to evaluate the effects on lipid synthesis and estimate the flux control coefficient for LPAAT. We estimated the flux control coefficient of LPAAT in a whole plant context by deriving a relationship between it and overall lipid accumulation, given that this process is a exponential. Increasing LPAAT activity resulted in greater TAG accumulation in seeds of between 25% and 29%; altered fatty acid distributions in seed lipids (particularly those of the Kennedy pathway); and a redistribution of label from 14 C-glycerol between phosphoglycerides. Greater LPAAT activity in seeds led to an increase in TAG content despite its low intrinsic flux control coefficient on account of the exponential nature of lipid accumulation that amplifies the effect of the small flux increment achieved by increasing its activity. We have also developed a novel application of metabolic control analysis likely to have broad application as it determines the in planta flux control that a single component has upon accumulation of storage products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stepan Fenyk
- Department of BiosciencesDurham UniversityDurhamDH1 3LEUK
| | - Emma Wallington
- The John Bingham LaboratoryNIABHuntingdon RoadCambridgeCB3 0LEUK
| | - Ruth E. Bates
- The John Bingham LaboratoryNIABHuntingdon RoadCambridgeCB3 0LEUK
| | | | | | | | - David C. Taylor
- National Research Council of Canada110 Gymnasium PlaceSaskatoonSKS79 0W9Canada
| | - David Fell
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesOxford Brookes UniversityOxfordOX3 0BPUK
| | | | - Tony Fawcett
- Department of BiosciencesDurham UniversityDurhamDH1 3LEUK
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Wang J, Zhou P, Shi X, Yang N, Yan L, Zhao Q, Yang C, Guan Y. Primary metabolite contents are correlated with seed protein and oil traits in near-isogenic lines of soybean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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45
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Liu F, Ma L, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhang X, Xue F, Nie X, Zhu Q, Sun J. GhFAD2-3 is required for anther development in Gossypium hirsutum. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:393. [PMID: 31500565 PMCID: PMC6734329 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In higher plants, the FAD2 gene encodes the microsomal oleate Δ12-desaturase, one of the key enzymes essential for the biosynthesis of the polyunsaturated lipids that serve many important functions in plant development and stress responses. FAD2 catalyzes the first step, in the biosynthesis of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) found in the cell membrane and cell wall, and it is thus of great importance to investigate the regulatory role of FAD2 in anther development. RESULTS We reported the molecular characterization of the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) GhFAD2 gene family and the essential role of GhFAD2-3 in cotton anther development. G. hirsutum contains four pairs of homoeologous FAD2 genes (GhFAD2-1 to GhFAD2-4). GhFAD2-3 is ubiquitously and relatively highly expressed in all analyzed tissues, particularly in anthers. Specific inhibition of GhFAD2-3 using the RNA interference approach resulted in male sterility due to impaired anther development at the stages from meiosis to maturation. The cellular phenotypic abnormality observed at the meiosis stage of the GhFAD2-3 silenced plant (fad2-3) coincides with the significant reduction of C18:2 in anthers at the same stage. Compared with that of the wild type (WT), the content of C18:1 was 41.48%, which increased by 5 fold in the fad2-3 anther at the pollen maturation stage. Moreover, the ratio of monounsaturated to polyunsaturated fatty acid was 5.43 in fad2-3 anther, which was much higher than that of the WT (only 0.39). Through compositional analysis of anthers cuticle and transcriptome data, we demonstrated it was unfavorable to the development of anther by regulating GhFAD2-3 expression level to increase the oleic acid content. CONCLUSIONS Our work demonstrated the importance of C18:2 and/or C18:3 in the development of the pollen exine and anther cuticle in cotton and provided clue for further investigation of the physiological significance of the fatty acid composition for plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Lihong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Youwu Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, 843300, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Fei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Xinhui Nie
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Qianhao Zhu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, 2601, Australia.
| | - Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China.
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Liu N, Chen J, Wang T, Li Q, Cui P, Jia C, Hong Y. Overexpression of WAX INDUCER1/SHINE1 Gene Enhances Wax Accumulation under Osmotic Stress and Oil Synthesis in Brassica napus. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4435. [PMID: 31505838 PMCID: PMC6771042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
WAX INDUCER1/SHINE1 (WIN1) belongs to the AP2/EREBP transcription factor family and plays an important role in wax and cutin accumulation in plants. Here we show that BnWIN1 from Brassica napus (Bn) has dual functions in wax accumulation and oil synthesis. Overexpression (OE) of BnWIN1 led to enhanced wax accumulation and promoted growth without adverse effects on oil synthesis under salt stress conditions. Lipid profiling revealed that BnWIN1-OE plants accumulated more waxes with elevated C29-alkanes, C31-alkanes, C28-alcohol, and C29-alcohol relative to wild type (WT) under salt stress. Moreover, overexpression of BnWIN1 also increased seed oil content under normal growth conditions. BnWIN1 directly bound to the promoter region of genes encoding biotin carboxyl carrier protein 1 (BCCP1), glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 9 (GPAT9), lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase 5 (LPAT5), and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) involved in the lipid anabolic process. Overexpression of BnWIN1 resulted in upregulated expression of numerous genes involved in de novo fatty acid synthesis, wax accumulation, and oil production. The results suggest that BnWIN1 is a transcriptional activator to regulate the biosynthesis of both extracellular and intracellular lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jie Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Tiehu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Qing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Pengpeng Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Chengxi Jia
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yueyun Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Catalytic amidation of natural and synthetic polyol esters with sulfonamides. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3881. [PMID: 31462632 PMCID: PMC6713792 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11864-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Triacylglycerides are naturally abundant and renewable feedstock for biofuels and chemicals. In this report, these seemingly stable compounds are shown to be reactive toward a variety of sulfonamides under Lewis acid catalysis. In these reactions, alkyl C(sp3)–O bonds are cleaved and C–N bonds constructed, providing functionalized value-added products directly from renewables. Mechanistic and scope study demonstrate that the origin of the reactivity could be the synergy of Lewis acid catalysis and neighboring group participation by the 2- or 3-acyloxy or acylamido group with respect to the reactive site. Since poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), a widely available consumer polyester, also contains 1,2-diol diester group as the repeating unit in the main chain, this chemistry can also be applied to efficient depolymerization of PET. Triacylglycerides are naturally abundant and renewable feedstock, but their chemical transformation is hindered by their stability. Here, under Lewis acid catalysis, the authors report the selective alkyl C–O bond conversion of triglycerides into C–N bonds and even apply this efficient method to PET depolymerization.
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Li X, Guan R, Fan J, Zhu LH. Development of Industrial Oil Crop Crambe abyssinica for Wax Ester Production through Metabolic Engineering and Cross Breeding. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1274-1283. [PMID: 31056666 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As an important industrial feedstock, wax esters (WEs) have been used as lubricants in a number of technical processes. There is however currently no large-scale biological source for WE production and alteration in metabolic pathways of plant oils for producing WEs could be attractive to the commercial markets. Here, we present the breeding results of long-term studies on successful development of new crambe lines producing WEs through genetic engineering and cross breeding. The transgenic crambe lines producing WEs at over 25% of the total seed oil were first generated by introduction of the jojoba WE biosynthetic genes ScFAR and ScWS. Further improvement of the lines aiming at improving oxidative stability of WEs was achieved through introducing the CaFAD2-RNAi gene into these lines by crossing. The hybrid lines possessed similar agronomic traits to the wild type and a stable level of WEs over several generations, suggesting a high potential of crambe as an industrial crop for WE production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Li
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Rui Guan
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Jing Fan
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
- Present address: Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Hua Zhu
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
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Zang X, Geng X, Ma L, Wang N, Pei W, Wu M, Zhang J, Yu J. A genome-wide analysis of the phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase gene family in Gossypium. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:402. [PMID: 31117950 PMCID: PMC6530137 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5728-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is the most important natural fiber crop worldwide, and cottonseed oil is its most important byproduct. Phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT) is important in TAG biosynthesis, as it catalyzes the transfer of a fatty acyl moiety from the sn-2 position of a phospholipid to the sn-3 position of sn-1, 2-diacylglyerol to form triacylglycerol (TAG) and a lysophospholipid. However, little is known about the genes encoding PDATs involved in cottonseed oil biosynthesis. Results A comprehensive genome-wide analysis of G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. arboreum, and G. raimondii herein identified 12, 11, 6 and 6 PDATs, respectively. These genes were divided into 3 subfamilies, and a PDAT-like subfamily was identified in comparison with dicotyledonous Arabidopsis. All GhPDATs contained one or two LCAT domains at the C-terminus, while most GhPDATs contained a preserved single transmembrane region at the N-terminus. A chromosomal distribution analysis showed that the 12 GhPDAT genes in G. hirsutum were distributed in 10 chromosomes. However, none of the GhPDATs was co-localized with quantitative trait loci (QTL) for cottonseed oil content, suggesting that their sequence variations are not genetically associated with the natural variation in cottonseed oil content. Most GhPDATs were expressed during the cottonseed oil accumulation stage. Ectopic expression of GhPDAT1d increased Arabidopsis seed oil content. Conclusions Our comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the cotton PDAT gene family provides a foundation for further studies into the use of PDAT genes to increase cottonseed oil content through biotechnology. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5728-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinshan Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoli Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Lei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Nuohan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Wenfeng Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Man Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Jinfa Zhang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, 88003, USA
| | - Jiwen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
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50
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Zang X, Geng X, Ma L, Wang N, Pei W, Wu M, Zhang J, Yu J. A genome-wide analysis of the phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase gene family in Gossypium. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:402. [PMID: 31117950 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5728-5728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is the most important natural fiber crop worldwide, and cottonseed oil is its most important byproduct. Phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT) is important in TAG biosynthesis, as it catalyzes the transfer of a fatty acyl moiety from the sn-2 position of a phospholipid to the sn-3 position of sn-1, 2-diacylglyerol to form triacylglycerol (TAG) and a lysophospholipid. However, little is known about the genes encoding PDATs involved in cottonseed oil biosynthesis. RESULTS A comprehensive genome-wide analysis of G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. arboreum, and G. raimondii herein identified 12, 11, 6 and 6 PDATs, respectively. These genes were divided into 3 subfamilies, and a PDAT-like subfamily was identified in comparison with dicotyledonous Arabidopsis. All GhPDATs contained one or two LCAT domains at the C-terminus, while most GhPDATs contained a preserved single transmembrane region at the N-terminus. A chromosomal distribution analysis showed that the 12 GhPDAT genes in G. hirsutum were distributed in 10 chromosomes. However, none of the GhPDATs was co-localized with quantitative trait loci (QTL) for cottonseed oil content, suggesting that their sequence variations are not genetically associated with the natural variation in cottonseed oil content. Most GhPDATs were expressed during the cottonseed oil accumulation stage. Ectopic expression of GhPDAT1d increased Arabidopsis seed oil content. CONCLUSIONS Our comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the cotton PDAT gene family provides a foundation for further studies into the use of PDAT genes to increase cottonseed oil content through biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinshan Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoli Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Lei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Nuohan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Wenfeng Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Man Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Jinfa Zhang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, 88003, USA
| | - Jiwen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
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