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Choy O, Raine A. The neurobiology of antisocial personality disorder. Neuropharmacology 2024; 261:110150. [PMID: 39244014 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Despite increasing recognition that there is a neurobiological basis of antisocial behavior in addition to its psychosocial foundation, much less is known about the specificity of the neurobiological findings to the psychiatric condition of antisocial personality disorder (APD). This article provides a review of research on genetic, brain imaging, neurocognitive, and psychophysiological factors in relation to assessments of APD. Findings show that there are significant genetic effects on APD, particularly related to the serotonergic system, as well as abnormalities in brain regions such as the frontal lobe. Associations between psychophysiological measures of autonomic nervous system functioning and APD are more mixed. Results indicating that APD has a significant genetic basis and is characterized by abnormalities in brain structure/function and neurocognitive impairments provide additional evidence that supports the conceptualization of APD as a neurodevelopmental disorder. Findings may also help inform treatment approaches that target neurobiological risks for APD symptoms. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Personality Disorders".
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Choy
- Department of Psychology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
| | - Adrian Raine
- Departments of Criminology, Psychiatry, and Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, USA.
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2
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Korem N, Duek O, Ben-Zion Z, Spiller TR, Gordon C, Amen S, Levy I, Harpaz-Rotem I. Post-treatment alterations in white matter integrity in PTSD: Effects on symptoms and functional connectivity a secondary analysis of an RCT. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2024; 343:111864. [PMID: 39111111 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been linked to altered communication within the limbic system, including reduced structural connectivity in the uncinate fasciculus (UNC; i.e., decreased fractional anisotropy; FA) and reduced resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) between the hippocampus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Previous research has demonstrated attenuation of PTSD symptoms and alterations in RSFC following exposure-based psychotherapy. However, the relationship between changes in structural and functional connectivity patterns and PTSD symptoms following treatment remains unclear. To investigate this, we conducted a secondary analysis of data from a randomized clinical trial of intensive exposure therapy, evaluating alterations in UNC FA, hippocampus-vmPFC RSFC, and PTSD symptoms before (pre-treatment), 7 days after (post-treatment), and 30 days after (follow-up) the completion of therapy. Our results showed that post-treatment changes in RSFC were positively correlated with post-treatment and follow-up changes in UNC FA and that post-treatment changes in UNC FA were positively correlated with post-treatment and follow-up changes in PTSD symptoms. These findings suggest that early changes in functional connectivity are associated with sustained changes in anatomical connectivity, which in turn are linked to reduced PTSD symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nachshon Korem
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Or Duek
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Community Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ziv Ben-Zion
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tobias R Spiller
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA; Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Charles Gordon
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shelley Amen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ifat Levy
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA; Yale University Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, New Haven, CT, USA; Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ilan Harpaz-Rotem
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA; Yale University Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, New Haven, CT, USA; Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Schmidt L, Pfarr JK, Meller T, Evermann U, Nenadić I. Structural connectivity of grandiose versus vulnerable narcissism as models of social dominance and subordination. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16098. [PMID: 37752194 PMCID: PMC10522767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Social dominance and subordination have been linked to fronto-limbic and fronto-thalamic networks and are related to phenotypes such as grandiose vs. vulnerable narcissistic traits. The latter have been linked to clinical features such as empathy and emotional regulation. In this study we tested the hypotheses that narcissistic traits are associated with white matter integrity in fasciculus uncinate, cingulum, and anterior thalamic radiation (ATR). We applied the Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI) to assess narcissistic traits in a sample of 267 psychiatrically healthy individuals. We used 3 T MRI to acquire Diffusion Tensor Imaging data for analysis with TBSS in FSL applying TFCE to test for correlations of fractional anisotropy (FA) and PNI scales. We detected a significant positive correlation of PNI total and FA in the right posterior cingulum. PNI Vulnerability was significantly correlated with FA in the left anterior and right posterior cingulum. We did not find overall correlations with PNI Grandiosity, but additional analyses showed significant effects with FA of ATR. Our results strengthen network models for narcissism underlying both personality variation and pathology. Especially associations of narcissistic vulnerability within fronto-limbic tracts suggest overlaps within neural correlates of related phenotypes like neuroticism, social subordination, and negative emotionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Schmidt
- Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Marburg University Hospital - UKGM, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Julia-Katharina Pfarr
- Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tina Meller
- Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ulrika Evermann
- Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
- Marburg University Hospital - UKGM, Marburg, Germany.
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
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Zhao J, Song Z, Zhao Y, Thiebaut de Schotten M, Altarelli I, Ramus F. White matter connectivity in uncinate fasciculus accounts for visual attention span in developmental dyslexia. Neuropsychologia 2022; 177:108414. [PMID: 36343707 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the role of connectivity disruptions in two fiber pathways, the uncinate fasciculus (UF) and the frontal aslant tract (FAT), in developmental dyslexia and determine the relationship between the connectivity of these pathways and behavioral performance in children with dyslexia. A total of 26 French children with dyslexia and 31 age-matched control children were included. Spherical deconvolution tractography was used to reconstruct the two fiber pathways. Hindrance-modulated oriented anisotropy (HMOA) was used to measure the connectivity of each fiber pathway in both hemispheres. Only boys with dyslexia showed reduced HMOA in the UF compared to control boys. Furthermore, HMOA of the UF correlated with individual differences in the visual attention span in participants with dyslexia. All significant results found in HMOA of the UF were verified in fractional anisotropy (FA) of the UF using standard diffusion imaging model. This study suggests a differential sex effect on the connectivity disruption in the UF in developmental dyslexia. It also indicates that the UF may play an essential role in the visual attention span deficit in developmental dyslexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhao
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Zujun Song
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yueye Zhao
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Michel Thiebaut de Schotten
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives-UMR5293, CNRS, CEA, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Brain Connectivity and Behavior Laboratory, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
| | - Irene Altarelli
- LaPsyDÉ Laboratory (UMR 8240), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Franck Ramus
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique (ENS, EHESS, CNRS), Département D'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Paris, France.
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5
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Palser ER, Miller ZA, Licata AE, Yabut NA, Sudarsan SP, Tee BL, Deleon JA, Mandelli ML, Caverzasi E, Sturm VE, Hendren R, Possin KL, Miller BL, Tempini MLG, Pereira CW. Visual and social differences in dyslexia: deep phenotyping of four cases with spared phonology. Neurocase 2022; 28:419-431. [PMID: 36450280 PMCID: PMC9957930 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2022.2145905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Diagnostic criteria for dyslexia describe specific reading difficulties, and single-deficit models, including the phonological deficit theory, have prevailed. Children seeking diagnosis, however, do not always show phonological deficits, and may present with strengths and challenges beyond reading. Through extensive neurological, neuropsychological, and academic evaluation, we describe four children with visuospatial, socio-emotional, and attention impairments and spared phonology, alongside long-standing reading difficulties. Diffusion tensor imaging revealed white matter alterations in inferior longitudinal, uncinate, and superior longitudinal fasciculi versus neurotypical children. Findings emphasize that difficulties may extend beyond reading in dyslexia and underscore the value of deep phenotyping in learning disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor R. Palser
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Zachary A. Miller
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Abigail E. Licata
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nicole A. Yabut
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Swati P Sudarsan
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Boon Lead Tee
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jessica A. Deleon
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Mandelli
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Eduardo Caverzasi
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Virginia E. Sturm
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94131, USA
| | - Robert Hendren
- Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94131, USA
| | - Katherine L. Possin
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Bruce L. Miller
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Gorno Tempini
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94131, USA
| | - Christa Watson Pereira
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Maurer JM, Paul S, Edwards BG, Anderson NE, Nyalakanti PK, Harenski CL, Decety J, Kiehl KA. Reduced structural integrity of the uncinate fasciculus in incarcerated women scoring high on psychopathy. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:2141-2149. [PMID: 35882762 PMCID: PMC11423388 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00684-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Both men and women scoring high on psychopathy exhibit similar structural and functional neural abnormalities, including reduced volume of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and reduced hemodynamic activity in the amygdala during affective processing experimental paradigms. The uncinate fasciculus (UF) is a white matter (WM) tract that connects the amygdala to the OFC. Reduced structural integrity of the UF, measured via fractional anisotropy (FA), is commonly associated with men scoring high on psychopathy. However, only one study to date has investigated the relationship between psychopathic traits and UF structural integrity in women, recruiting participants from a community sample. Here, we investigated whether Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) facet scores (measuring interpersonal, affective, lifestyle/behavioral, and antisocial psychopathic traits, respectively) were associated with reduced FA in the left and right UF in a sample of 254 incarcerated women characterized by a wide range of psychopathy scores. We observed that PCL-R Facet 3 scores, assessing lifestyle/behavioral psychopathic traits, were associated with reduced FA in the left and right UF, even when controlling for participant's age and history of previous substance use. The results obtained in the current study help improve our understanding of structural abnormalities associated with women scoring high on psychopathy. Specifically, reduced UF structural integrity may contribute to some of the deficits commonly associated with women scoring high on psychopathy, including emotion dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Maurer
- The Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Boulevard NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA.
| | - Subhadip Paul
- School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute (RKMVERI), Narendrapur, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- JIVAN- Centre for Research in Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute (RKMVERI), Narendrapur, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute (RKMVERI), P.O.: Belur Math, Howrah, West Bengal, India
| | - Bethany G Edwards
- The Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Boulevard NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | | | - Carla L Harenski
- The Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Boulevard NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
| | - Jean Decety
- Department of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kent A Kiehl
- The Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Boulevard NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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Teeuw J, Klein M, Mota NR, Brouwer RM, van ‘t Ent D, Al-Hassaan Z, Franke B, Boomsma DI, Hulshoff Pol HE. Multivariate Genetic Structure of Externalizing Behavior and Structural Brain Development in a Longitudinal Adolescent Twin Sample. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063176. [PMID: 35328598 PMCID: PMC8949114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Externalizing behavior in its more extreme form is often considered a problem to the individual, their families, teachers, and society as a whole. Several brain structures have been linked to externalizing behavior and such associations may arise if the (co)development of externalizing behavior and brain structures share the same genetic and/or environmental factor(s). We assessed externalizing behavior with the Child Behavior Checklist and Youth Self Report, and the brain volumes and white matter integrity (fractional anisotropy [FA] and mean diffusivity [MD]) with magnetic resonance imaging in the BrainSCALE cohort, which consisted of twins and their older siblings from 112 families measured longitudinally at ages 10, 13, and 18 years for the twins. Genetic covariance modeling based on the classical twin design, extended to also include siblings of twins, showed that genes influence externalizing behavior and changes therein (h2 up to 88%). More pronounced externalizing behavior was associated with higher FA (observed correlation rph up to +0.20) and lower MD (rph up to −0.20), with sizeable genetic correlations (FA ra up to +0.42; MD ra up to −0.33). The cortical gray matter (CGM; rph up to −0.20) and cerebral white matter (CWM; rph up to +0.20) volume were phenotypically but not genetically associated with externalizing behavior. These results suggest a potential mediating role for global brain structures in the display of externalizing behavior during adolescence that are both partially explained by the influence of the same genetic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalmar Teeuw
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (R.M.B.); (Z.A.-H.); (H.E.H.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-(088)-75-53-387
| | - Marieke Klein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (N.R.M.); (B.F.)
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nina Roth Mota
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (N.R.M.); (B.F.)
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel M. Brouwer
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (R.M.B.); (Z.A.-H.); (H.E.H.P.)
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis van ‘t Ent
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.v.‘t.E.); (D.I.B.)
| | - Zyneb Al-Hassaan
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (R.M.B.); (Z.A.-H.); (H.E.H.P.)
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (N.R.M.); (B.F.)
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.v.‘t.E.); (D.I.B.)
- Amsterdam Public Health (APH) Research Institute, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (R.M.B.); (Z.A.-H.); (H.E.H.P.)
- Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Hong WK, Yoon JH, Jang H, Yoon SJ, Moon SY, Kim HJ, Na DL. Honorific Speech Impairment: A Characteristic Sign of Frontotemporal Dementia. Cogn Behav Neurol 2021; 34:275-287. [PMID: 34851865 DOI: 10.1097/wnn.0000000000000284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) exhibit various levels of abulia, disinhibition, impaired judgment, and decline in executive function. Empirical evidence has shown that individuals with bvFTD also often exhibit difficulty using honorific speech, which expresses respect to another party or addressee. OBJECTIVE To analyze differences in the ability to use honorific speech among individuals with bvFTD, individuals with dementia of the Alzheimer type (AD dementia), and individuals with normal cognition (NC). METHOD A total of 53 native Korean speakers (13 bvFTD, 20 AD dementia, and 20 NC) completed an experimental honorific speech task (HST) that involved both expressive and receptive tasks. We analyzed the number of correct responses and error patterns separately for an expressive task and for a receptive task. RESULTS The bvFTD group had significantly fewer correct responses on the HST compared with the AD dementia and NC groups. The bvFTD group exhibited more misjudgment errors in identifying nonhonorific speech as honorific speech in the expressive task, and significantly longer response times in the receptive task, than the AD dementia and NC groups. Significant associations were identified between HST scores and cortical atrophy in the temporal and frontotemporal lobes. CONCLUSION A decline in the ability to use honorific speech may be a diagnosable behavioral and psychiatric symptom for bvFTD in Korean-speaking individuals. This decline in individuals with bvFTD could be attributed to multiple factors, including social manners (politeness) and impaired social language use ability (pragmatics).
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Affiliation(s)
- Weon Kyeong Hong
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Yoon
- Division of Speech Pathology and Audiology, College of Natural Sciences, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Audiology and Speech Pathology Research Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Jang
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Samsung Alzheimer's Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jin Yoon
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Moon
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk L Na
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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9
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Tesli N, Westlye LT, Storvestre GB, Gurholt TP, Agartz I, Melle I, Andreassen OA, Haukvik UK. White matter microstructure in schizophrenia patients with a history of violence. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:623-634. [PMID: 30694361 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-019-00988-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is associated with increased risk of violence compared to the general population. Neuroimaging research suggests SCZ to be a disorder of disrupted connectivity, with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) indicating white matter (WM) abnormalities. It has been hypothesized that SCZ patients with a history of violence (SCZ-V) have brain abnormalities distinguishing them from SCZ patients with no history of violence (SCZ-NV). Yet, a thorough investigation of the neurobiological underpinnings of state and trait measures of violence and aggression in SCZ derived from DTI indices is lacking. Using tract-based spatial statistics, we compared DTI-derived microstructural indices: fractional anisotropy (FA), mean, axial (AD) and radial diffusivity across the brain; (1) between SCZ-V (history of murder, attempted murder, or severe assault towards other people, n = 24), SCZ-NV (n = 52) and healthy controls (HC, n = 94), and (2) associations with current aggression scores among both SCZ groups. Then, hypothesis-driven region of interest analyses of the uncinate fasciculus and clinical characteristics including medication use were performed. SCZ-V and SCZ-NV showed decreased FA and AD in widespread regions compared to HC. There were no significant differences on any DTI-based measures between SCZ-V and SCZ-NV, and no significant associations between state or trait measures of aggression and any of the DTI metrics in the ROI analyses. The DTI-derived WM differences between SCZ and HC are in line with previous findings, but the results do not support the hypothesis of specific brain WM microstructural correlates of violence or aggression in SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Tesli
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T Westlye
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, P.O. Box 4956, 0424, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Tiril P Gurholt
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, P.O. Box 4956, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, P.O. Box 4956, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, P.O. Box 4956, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Unn K Haukvik
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, P.O. Box 4956, 0424, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Adult Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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10
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Conca F, Borsa VM, Cappa SF, Catricalà E. The multidimensionality of abstract concepts: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:474-491. [PMID: 33979574 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The neuroscientific study of conceptual representation has largely focused on categories of concrete entities (biological entities, tools…), while abstract knowledge has been less extensively investigated. The possible presence of a categorical organization of abstract knowledge is a debated issue. An embodied cognition framework predicts an organization of the abstract domain into different dimensions, grounded in the brain regions engaged by the corresponding experience. Here we review the types of experience that have been proposed to characterize different categories of abstract concepts, and the evidence supporting a corresponding organization derived from behavioural, neuroimaging (i.e., fMRI, MRI, PET, SPECT), EEG, and neurostimulation (i.e., TMS) studies in healthy and clinical populations. The available data provide substantial converging evidence in favour of the presence of distinct neural representations of social and emotional knowledge, mental states and magnitude concepts, engaging brain systems involved in the corresponding experiences. This evidence is supporting an extension of embodied models of semantic memory organization to several types of abstract knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Conca
- Institute for Advanced Studies, IUSS, Pavia, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Casimiro Mondino, Pavia, Italy
| | - V M Borsa
- Università degli Studi di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - S F Cappa
- Institute for Advanced Studies, IUSS, Pavia, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Casimiro Mondino, Pavia, Italy.
| | - E Catricalà
- Institute for Advanced Studies, IUSS, Pavia, Italy
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11
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Childhood conduct problems are associated with reduced white matter fibre density and morphology. J Affect Disord 2021; 281:638-645. [PMID: 33239244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Childhood conduct problems are an important public health issue as these children are at-risk of adverse outcomes. Studies using diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) have found that conduct problems in adults are characterised by abnormal white-matter microstructure within a range of white matter pathways underpinning socio-emotional processing, while evidence within children and adolescents has been less conclusive based on non-specific diffusion tensor imaging metrics. Fixel-based analysis (FBA) provides measures of fibre density and morphology that are more sensitive to developmental changes in white matter microstructure. The current study used FBA to investigate whether childhood conduct problems were related both cross-sectionally and longitudinally to microstructural alterations within the fornix, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), and the uncinate fasciculus (UF). dMRI data was obtained for 130 children across two time-points in a community sample with high levels of externalising difficulties (age: time-point 1 = 9.47 - 11.86 years, time-point 2 = 10.67 -13.45 years). Conduct problems were indexed at each time-point using the Conduct Problems subscale of the parent-informant Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Conduct problems were related to lower fibre density in the fornix at both time-points, and in the ILF at time-point 2. We also observed lower fibre cross-section in the UF at time-point 1. The change in conduct problems did not predict longitudinal changes in white-matter microstructure across time-points. The current study suggests that childhood conduct problems are related to reduced fibre-specific microstructure within white matter fibre pathways implicated in socio-emotional functioning.
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12
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Jiang W, Zhang H, Zeng L, Shen H, Qin J, Thung K, Yap P, Liu H, Hu D, Wang W, Shen D. Dynamic neural circuit disruptions associated with antisocial behaviors. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:329-344. [PMID: 33064332 PMCID: PMC7776000 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antisocial behavior (ASB) is believed to have neural substrates; however, the association between ASB and functional brain networks remains unclear. The temporal variability of the functional connectivity (or dynamic FC) derived from resting-state functional MRI has been suggested as a useful metric for studying abnormal behaviors including ASB. This is the first study using low-frequency fluctuations of the dynamic FC to unravel potential system-level neural correlates with ASB. Specifically, we individually associated the dynamic FC patterns with the ASB scores (measured by Antisocial Process Screening Device) of the male offenders (age: 23.29 ± 3.36 years) based on machine learning. Results showed that the dynamic FCs were associated with individual ASB scores. Moreover, we found that it was mainly the inter-network dynamic FCs that were negatively associated with the ASB severity. Three major high-order cognitive functional networks and the sensorimotor network were found to be more associated with ASB. We further found that impaired behavior in the ASB subjects was mainly associated with decreased FC dynamics in these networks, which may explain why ASB subjects usually have impaired executive control and emotional processing functions. Our study shows that temporal variation of the FC could be a promising tool for ASB assessment, treatment, and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiong Jiang
- Department of Radiology and BRICUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Information Science and EngineeringHunan First Normal UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Radiology and BRICUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Ling‐Li Zeng
- College of Intelligence Science and TechnologyNational University of Defense TechnologyChangshaHunanChina
| | - Hui Shen
- College of Intelligence Science and TechnologyNational University of Defense TechnologyChangshaHunanChina
| | - Jian Qin
- College of Intelligence Science and TechnologyNational University of Defense TechnologyChangshaHunanChina
| | - Kim‐Han Thung
- Department of Radiology and BRICUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Pew‐Thian Yap
- Department of Radiology and BRICUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Huasheng Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Dewen Hu
- College of Intelligence Science and TechnologyNational University of Defense TechnologyChangshaHunanChina
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Dinggang Shen
- Department of Radiology and BRICUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Artificial IntelligenceKorea UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
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13
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Kelleher-Unger I, Tajchman Z, Chittano G, Vilares I. Meta-Analysis of white matter diffusion tensor imaging alterations in borderline personality disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 307:111205. [PMID: 33158715 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Borderline personality disorder (BorPD) is characterized by instability and mood dysregulation, unstable relationships and distorted self-image. Identification of underlying anatomical and physiological changes is crucial to refine current treatments and develop new ones. In this perspective, previous magnetic resonance imaging studies have highlighted alterations associated with BorPD phenotype. In particular, diffusion-weighted imaging/Diffusion tensor imaging (DWI/DTI) has identified many white matter structural alterations in individuals with this diagnosis. Although in its infancy, limiting this line of investigation is a lack of direction at the field level. Hence, the present paper aims to conduct a meta-analysis of DWI/DTI findings in individuals with a diagnosis of BorPD, testing the hypothesis that there are specific white matter alterations associated with BorPD. To this end, we performed a meta-analysis of the existing literature of DWI/DTI in BorPD representing a total of 123 individuals with BorPD and 117 Controls. Our results indicated that individuals with BorPD show regions of reduced fractional anisotropy in the corpus callosum and fornix. These results survived all jack-knife reshuffles and showed no publication bias. This suggests that alterations in these structures may contribute to psychopathology. Further, the present results lend support to extant psychological and biological models of BorPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Kelleher-Unger
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Anaesthesia, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Zuzanna Tajchman
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Gabriella Chittano
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iris Vilares
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.
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14
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Abstract
Humans are highly social animals whose survival and well-being depend on their capacity to cooperate in complex social settings. Advances in anthropology and psychology have demonstrated the importance of cooperation for enhancing social cohesion and minimizing conflict. The understanding of social behavior is informed by the notion of social cognition, a set of mental operations including emotion perception, mentalizing, and empathy. The social brain hypothesis posits that the mammalian brain has enlarged over evolution to meet the challenges of social life, culminating in a large human brain well adapted for social cognition. The structures subserving social cognition are mainly located in the frontal and temporal lobes, and although gray matter is critical, social cognition also requires white matter. Whereas the social brain hypothesis assumes that brain enlargement has been driven by neocortical expansion, cerebral white matter has expanded even more robustly than the neocortex, coinciding with the emergence of social cognition. White matter expansion is most evident in the frontal and temporal lobes, where it enhances connectivity between regions critical for social cognition. Myelination has, in turn, conferred adaptive social advantages by enabling prompt empathic concern for offspring and by strengthening networks that support cooperation and the related capacities of altruism and morality. Social cognition deficits related to myelinated tract involvement occur in many disorders, including stroke, Binswanger disease, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, glioma, and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. The contribution of white matter to social cognition can be conceptualized as the enhancement of cooperation through brain connectivity.
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Tractography-Based Analysis of Morphological and Anatomical Characteristics of the Uncinate Fasciculus in Human Brains. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10100709. [PMID: 33036125 PMCID: PMC7601025 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10100709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The uncinate fasciculus (UF) is a white matter bundle connecting the prefrontal cortex and temporal lobe. The functional role of the uncinate fasciculus is still uncertain. The role of the UF is attributed to the emotional empathy network. The present study aimed to more accurately the describe anatomical variability of the UF by focusing on the volume of fibers and testing for correlations with sex and age. (2) Material and Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging of adult patients with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed on 34 patients. The total number of fibers, volume of UF, and number of tracts were processed using DSI studio software. The DSI studio allows for mapping of different nerve pathways and visualizing of the obtained results using spatial graphics. (3) Results: The total number of UF tracts was significantly higher in the right hemisphere compared to the left hemisphere (right M ± SD = 52 ± 24; left: 39 ± 25, p < 0.05). A hook-shaped UF was the most common variant (91.7%). The UF volumes were larger in men (1410 ± 150.7 mm3) as compared to women (1325 ± 133.2 mm3) (p < 0.05). The mean fractional anisotropy (FA) values of the UF were significantly larger on the left side 0.597, while the right UF had an average of 0.346 (p < 0.05). Patients older than 50 years old had a significantly higher value of mean diffusivity (MD) (p = 0.034). In 73.5% of patients, a greater number of fibers terminated in the inferior part of the inferior frontal gyrus. (4) Conclusions: The morphological characteristics of the UF, unlike the shape, are associated with sex and are characterized by hemispheric dominance. These findings confirm the results of the previous studies. Future research should examine the potential correlation among the UF volume, number of fibers, and total brain volume in both sexes and patient psychological state.
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16
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Kaya Ş, Özsoy F, Taşcı G, Kalaycı M. Nesfatin-1 Hormone Levels in Patients with Antisocial Personality Disorder and Their Relationship with Clinical Variables. Psychiatry Investig 2020; 17:889-895. [PMID: 32894929 PMCID: PMC7538249 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the levels of nesfatin-1-hormone in patients with Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) and their relationship with clinical variables. METHODS A total of 90 people (45 ASPD, 45 controls) were included in our study. Sociodemographic Data Form, Beck-Depression-Inventory (BDI), Beck-Anxiety-Inventory (BAI), Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11), Buss-Durkee-Hostility-Inventory (BDHI) were applied to all participants. Venous blood samples were taken from participants at the same time of the day when they were hungry. RESULTS It was found that the BDI and BAI scores of the ASPD were higher than those of the controls (p<0.001, for both scales). The scores in BIS-11; motor and nonplanning-impulsivity subscales were higher than those of the controls (p<0.001, 0.036, respectively). The scores obtained by the ASPD were higher in all subscales of BDHI (p<0.001). For the nesfatin-1-hormone, the values of the ASPD were lower than those of the controls (p=0.044). No relationship was found between the nesfatin-1-hormone and any other laboratory parameters and applied scales (p>0.05). CONCLUSION This is the first study to examine the nesfatin-1-hormone levels in patients with any personality disorder. Further studies with more participants are needed in different types of personality disorders to understand the relationship between personality disorder and nesfatin-1-hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şüheda Kaya
- Elazığ Mental Health and Diseases Hospital, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Filiz Özsoy
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokat State Hospital, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Gülay Taşcı
- Elazığ Fethi Sekin City Hospital, Elazığ, Turkey
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17
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Parthimos TP, Karavasilis E, Rankin KP, Seimenis I, Leftherioti K, Papanicolaou AC, Miller B, Papageorgiou SG, Papatriantafyllou JD. The Neural Correlates of Impaired Self-Monitoring Among Individuals With Neurodegenerative Dementias. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 31:201-209. [PMID: 30605361 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.17120349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Self-monitoring is a crucial component of human empathy and necessary for the formation and repair of social relations. Several studies have brought to light possible neuronal substrates associated with self-monitoring, but the information that they have provided is inconclusive. The authors, therefore, studied a large group of patients with dementia to assess what brain structures are necessary for the self-monitoring function.Methods: Seventy-seven patients with dementia of various types were screened using voxel-based morphometry to assess possible volume reduction in the brain structures of patients with self-monitoring problems, and the decrease of socioemotional expressiveness and modification of self-presentation was estimated using the Revised Self-Monitoring Scale. Regression analysis was employed to investigate the correlation between gray matter loss and deficient self-monitoring.Results: The socioemotional expressiveness scores were associated with decreased gray matter volume in the right olfactory cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, superior temporal pole, parahippocampal gyrus, insula, and medial temporal gyrus bilaterally. Self-presentation scores were associated with bilateral gray matter volume reduction in the olfactory cortex, insula, rectus gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus, right superior temporal pole, and parahippocampal gyrus, as well as the left medial temporal gyrus and anterior superior frontal gyrus.Conclusions: These results suggest that patients with dementia present decreased ability of self-monitoring, probably due to impaired insula and orbitofrontal cortex and their disconnection from structures of the salience network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore P Parthimos
- The 3rd Age Day Care Center IASIS, Glyfada, Greece (Parthimos, Leftherioti, Papatriantafyllou); the Department of Medical Physics, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece (Karavasilis, Seimenis); the Second Department of Radiology, University General Hospital Attikon, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (Karavasilis); the Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco (Rankin, Miller); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Neuroscience Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (Papanicolaou); and the Second Department of Neurology, University General Hospital Attikon, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (Papageorgiou)
| | - Efstratios Karavasilis
- The 3rd Age Day Care Center IASIS, Glyfada, Greece (Parthimos, Leftherioti, Papatriantafyllou); the Department of Medical Physics, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece (Karavasilis, Seimenis); the Second Department of Radiology, University General Hospital Attikon, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (Karavasilis); the Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco (Rankin, Miller); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Neuroscience Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (Papanicolaou); and the Second Department of Neurology, University General Hospital Attikon, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (Papageorgiou)
| | - Katherine P Rankin
- The 3rd Age Day Care Center IASIS, Glyfada, Greece (Parthimos, Leftherioti, Papatriantafyllou); the Department of Medical Physics, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece (Karavasilis, Seimenis); the Second Department of Radiology, University General Hospital Attikon, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (Karavasilis); the Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco (Rankin, Miller); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Neuroscience Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (Papanicolaou); and the Second Department of Neurology, University General Hospital Attikon, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (Papageorgiou)
| | - Ioannis Seimenis
- The 3rd Age Day Care Center IASIS, Glyfada, Greece (Parthimos, Leftherioti, Papatriantafyllou); the Department of Medical Physics, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece (Karavasilis, Seimenis); the Second Department of Radiology, University General Hospital Attikon, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (Karavasilis); the Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco (Rankin, Miller); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Neuroscience Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (Papanicolaou); and the Second Department of Neurology, University General Hospital Attikon, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (Papageorgiou)
| | - Katerina Leftherioti
- The 3rd Age Day Care Center IASIS, Glyfada, Greece (Parthimos, Leftherioti, Papatriantafyllou); the Department of Medical Physics, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece (Karavasilis, Seimenis); the Second Department of Radiology, University General Hospital Attikon, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (Karavasilis); the Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco (Rankin, Miller); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Neuroscience Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (Papanicolaou); and the Second Department of Neurology, University General Hospital Attikon, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (Papageorgiou)
| | - Andrew C Papanicolaou
- The 3rd Age Day Care Center IASIS, Glyfada, Greece (Parthimos, Leftherioti, Papatriantafyllou); the Department of Medical Physics, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece (Karavasilis, Seimenis); the Second Department of Radiology, University General Hospital Attikon, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (Karavasilis); the Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco (Rankin, Miller); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Neuroscience Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (Papanicolaou); and the Second Department of Neurology, University General Hospital Attikon, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (Papageorgiou)
| | - Bruce Miller
- The 3rd Age Day Care Center IASIS, Glyfada, Greece (Parthimos, Leftherioti, Papatriantafyllou); the Department of Medical Physics, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece (Karavasilis, Seimenis); the Second Department of Radiology, University General Hospital Attikon, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (Karavasilis); the Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco (Rankin, Miller); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Neuroscience Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (Papanicolaou); and the Second Department of Neurology, University General Hospital Attikon, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (Papageorgiou)
| | - Sokratis G Papageorgiou
- The 3rd Age Day Care Center IASIS, Glyfada, Greece (Parthimos, Leftherioti, Papatriantafyllou); the Department of Medical Physics, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece (Karavasilis, Seimenis); the Second Department of Radiology, University General Hospital Attikon, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (Karavasilis); the Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco (Rankin, Miller); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Neuroscience Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (Papanicolaou); and the Second Department of Neurology, University General Hospital Attikon, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (Papageorgiou)
| | - John D Papatriantafyllou
- The 3rd Age Day Care Center IASIS, Glyfada, Greece (Parthimos, Leftherioti, Papatriantafyllou); the Department of Medical Physics, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece (Karavasilis, Seimenis); the Second Department of Radiology, University General Hospital Attikon, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (Karavasilis); the Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco (Rankin, Miller); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Neuroscience Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (Papanicolaou); and the Second Department of Neurology, University General Hospital Attikon, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (Papageorgiou)
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18
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Mithani K, Davison B, Meng Y, Lipsman N. The anterior limb of the internal capsule: Anatomy, function, and dysfunction. Behav Brain Res 2020; 387:112588. [PMID: 32179062 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The last two decades have seen a re-emergence of neurosurgery for severe, refractory psychiatric diseases, largely due to the advent of more precise and safe operative techniques. Nevertheless, the optimal targets for these surgeries remain a matter of debate, and are often grandfathered from experiences in the late 20th century. To better explore the rationale for one target in particular - the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) - we comprehensively reviewed all available literature on its role in the pathophysiology and treatment of mental illness. We first provide an overview of its functional anatomy, followed by a discussion on its role in several prevalent psychiatric diseases. Given its structural integration into the limbic system and involvement in a number of cognitive and emotional processes, the ALIC is a robust target for surgical treatment of refractory psychiatric diseases. The advent of novel neuroimaging techniques, coupled with image-guided therapeutics and neuromodulatory treatments, will continue to enable study on the ALIC in mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Mithani
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ying Meng
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nir Lipsman
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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19
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Maurer JM, Paul S, Anderson NE, Nyalakanti PK, Kiehl KA. Youth with elevated psychopathic traits exhibit structural integrity deficits in the uncinate fasciculus. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 26:102236. [PMID: 32182577 PMCID: PMC7076567 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Youth with elevated psychopathic traits represent a particularly severe subgroup of adolescents characterized by extreme behavioral problems and exhibit comparable neurocognitive deficits as adult offenders with psychopathic traits. A consistent finding among adults with elevated psychopathic traits is reduced white matter structural integrity of the right uncinate fasciculus (UF). The UF is a major white matter tract that connects regions of the anterior temporal lobe (i.e., the amygdala) to higher-order executive control regions, including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. However, the relationship between youth psychopathic traits and structural integrity of the UF has been mixed, with some studies identifying a negative relationship between adolescent psychopathy scores and FA in the UF, and others identifying a positive relationship. Here, we investigated structural integrity of the left and right UF using fractional anisotropy (FA) in a large sample of n = 254 male adolescent offenders recruited from maximum-security juvenile correctional facilities. Psychopathic traits were assessed using the Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV). Consistent with hypotheses, interpersonal and affective traits (i.e., PCL:YV Factor 1 and Facet 1 scores) were associated with reduced FA in the right UF. Additionally, lifestyle traits (i.e., PCL:YV Facet 3 scores) were associated with increased FA in the left UF. Results are consistent with previously published studies reporting reduced FA in the right UF in adult psychopathic offenders and increased left UF FA in youth meeting criteria for certain externalizing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Maurer
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA; The Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Subhadip Paul
- The Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Nathaniel E Anderson
- The Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Prashanth K Nyalakanti
- The Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Kent A Kiehl
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA; The Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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20
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review recent neuro-imaging findings with respect to conduct disorder and callous-unemotional traits in childhood and comparable psychopathy in adult-hood that deepen the literature in important ways. RECENT FINDINGS Recent structural findings particularly bring clarity to the literature. First, they reinforce previous work indicating that severity of psychopathy is positively associated with extent of cavum septum pellucidum. This suggests psychopathy is associated with early neurodevelopmental disruption within limbic structures. Second, they clarify the direction of the association between conduct disorder and particularly callous-unemotional traits and white matter tract abnormalities even if it remains less transparent exactly which tracts are disrupted. However, conclusions based on recent functional imaging studies are more equivocal with inconsistencies in direction of emotional (albeit with notably more work confirming the previous reports of hypo-responsiveness in limbic regions) and reward responsiveness. SUMMARY The recent data are, for the most part, consistent with a view that callous-unemotional traits/psychopathy represents an early appearing neuro-developmental disorder particularly associated with compromised emotional (limbic) functioning. However, some patients presenting with severe antisocial behavior may also show hyper-threat sensitivity, perhaps reflecting trauma exposure, and require different clinical interventions.
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21
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Hodgins S. Sex differences in antisocial and aggressive disorders that onset in childhood and persist into adulthood. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2020; 175:405-422. [PMID: 33008540 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64123-6.00027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As many as 10.7% of males and 7.5% of females display early-onset, stable, antisocial and aggressive behavior (ESAAB). Most research has focused on males. These individuals are diagnosed with conduct disorder in childhood and antisocial personality disorder in adulthood, and a very few, almost all males, present the syndrome of psychopathy. ESAAB includes three subgroups: (1) conduct problems and callousness; (2) conduct problems, callousness, and anxiety; and (3) conduct problems. Heritability of the first two subtypes is high. This high heritability derives, at least in part, from genes involved in regulating serotonergic functioning early in life and to genotypes that confer sensitivity to trauma. The first subtype is rare and characterized by difficulty in face emotion recognition, especially fear and sadness, and hypoarousal as indexed by both autonomic and neural measures, and by structural brain abnormalities. By contrast, those with conduct problems, callousness, and anxiety are more common. They include a greater proportion of females and show hypersensitivity to threat that triggers reactive aggression and that is reflected in both autonomic and neural functioning. In sum, fewer females than males present ESAAB, but many characteristics, autonomic and neural correlates, and etiology are similar. Importantly, however, females with ESAAB play a critical role in the intergenerational transfer of antisocial behavior. Despite higher prevalence of EASSB in males than females, few sex differences in neural abnormalities have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheilagh Hodgins
- Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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22
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Alterations in the fronto-limbic network and corpus callosum in borderline-personality disorder. Brain Cogn 2019; 138:103596. [PMID: 31877433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2019.103596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuroimaging research provides evidence of grey matter changes in the prefrontal-limbic network in borderline personality disorder (BPD), yet research scarcely examines the white matter (WM) within this circuitry. The present study aimed to explore WM in prefrontal-limbic brain networks within BPD. Quantitative diffusion tensor imaging (DTI-MRI) measures of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusion (MD) were used to analyze the neural pathways in fifteen individuals with BPD (M = 25, SD = 6.76), in comparison to thirteen healthy individuals (M = 27.92, SD = 8.41). Quantitative DTI-MRI measures of FA and MD were evaluated for the cingulum, the fornix, the corpus callosum (CC), the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) and the uncinate fasciculus (UF). Lower FA values for both the left and the right cingulum, the genu, body, and splenium of the CC, left ILF and right SLF were found in BPD, compared to healthy individuals. MD values were higher for the genu and splenium of the CC in BPD. The findings indicate that a large-scale emotional brain network is affected in BPD with alterations in MD and FA of WM prefrontal-limbic pathways of the heteromodal association cortex involved in emotion processing and emotion regulation.
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23
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Puzzo I, Seunarine K, Sully K, Darekar A, Clark C, Sonuga-Barke EJS, Fairchild G. Altered White-Matter Microstructure in Conduct Disorder Is Specifically Associated with Elevated Callous-Unemotional Traits. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 46:1451-1466. [PMID: 29273881 PMCID: PMC6132987 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-017-0375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents with conduct disorder (CD) and elevated callous-unemotional (CU) traits have been reported to present with a more severe and persistent pattern of antisocial behaviour than those with low levels of CU traits. However, relatively few studies have investigated whether there are differences in brain structure between these subgroups.We acquired diffusion tensor imaging data and used tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) to compare adolescents with CD and high levels of CU traits (CD/CU+; n = 18, CD and low levels of CU traits (CD/CU-; n = 17) and healthy controls (HC; n = 32) on measures of fractional anisotropy (FA), axial (AD), radial (RD) and mean (MD) diffusivity. Compared to CD/CU- adolescents, those with CD/CU+ presented increased FA and reduced RD and MD (lower diffusivity) in several tracts including: body and splenium of the corpus callosum, right inferior longitudinal fasciculus, ILF; right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, IFOF; left superior longitudinal fasciculus, SLF; left cerebral peduncle, bilateral internal capsule, left superior and posterior corona radiata, bilateral thalamic radiation and left external capsule. In addition, relative to CD/CU- individuals, adolescents with CD/CU+ showed lower diffusivity (indexed by reduced RD and MD) in left uncinate fasciculus and bilateral fornix. Finally, relative to healthy controls, CD/CU+ individuals showed lower diffusivity (reduced RD) in the genu and body of the corpus callosum and left anterior corona radiata. These results suggest that CD/CU+ individuals present with white-matter microstructural abnormalities compared to both CD/CU- individuals and age-matched healthy controls. This finding is consistent with emerging evidence suggesting that CD/CU+ represents a distinct subtype of CD, and illustrates the importance of accounting for heterogeneity within CD populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazio Puzzo
- Forensic Research & Development Domain, Broadmoor High Secure Hospital, West London Mental Health Trust, Southall, UK.
| | - Kiran Seunarine
- Developmental Imaging and Biophysics Section, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | - Angela Darekar
- Department of Medical Physics, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Chris Clark
- Developmental Imaging and Biophysics Section, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Smaragdi A, Chavez S, Lobaugh NJ, Meyer JH, Kolla NJ. Differential levels of prefrontal cortex glutamate+glutamine in adults with antisocial personality disorder and bipolar disorder: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 93:250-255. [PMID: 30959086 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, glutamate, as measured in combination with glutamine (Glx), is implicated in several psychopathologies when levels are aberrant. One illness that shows heightened Glx levels is bipolar disorder (BD), an illness characterized by high impulsivity. In addition, although animal studies have reported elevated levels of Glx in aggressive and impulsive phenotypes, no study, to our knowledge, has reported Glx in the human cortex in relation to aggression. Here, we addressed the question of whether elevated levels of Glx would be present in patients with BD and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), a condition associated with aggression and, like BD, also presents high impulsivity. We recruited individuals with ASPD (n = 18), individuals with BD (n = 16), and a healthy control group (n = 24). We used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure relative neurometabolite concentrations in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and supra-genual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), two brain regions associated with impulsivity and behavior control. We found significantly elevated levels of Glx in the ASPD group relative to the BD and healthy control groups in the dlPFC (p = .014), and a positive correlation between Glx levels and aggression in the dlPFC in the ASPD group alone (r = .59, p = .026). These findings suggest a link between aggression in ASPD and Glx levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areti Smaragdi
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Violence Prevention Neurobiological Research Unit, Forensic Psychiatry, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada; Child Development Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sofia Chavez
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nancy J Lobaugh
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey H Meyer
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nathan J Kolla
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Violence Prevention Neurobiological Research Unit, Forensic Psychiatry, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Criminology and Sociological Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, ON, Canada.
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25
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Dotterer HL, Waller R, Shaw DS, Plass J, Brang D, Forbes EE, Hyde LW. Antisocial behavior with callous-unemotional traits is associated with widespread disruptions to white matter structural connectivity among low-income, urban males. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 23:101836. [PMID: 31077985 PMCID: PMC6514428 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Antisocial behavior (AB), including violence, criminality, and substance abuse, is often linked to deficits in emotion processing, reward-related learning, and inhibitory control, as well as their associated neural networks. To better understand these deficits, the structural connections between brain regions implicated in AB can be examined using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), which assesses white matter microstructure. Prior studies have identified differences in white matter microstructure of the uncinate fasciculus (UF), primarily within offender samples. However, few studies have looked beyond the UF or determined whether these relationships are present dimensionally across the range of AB and callous-unemotional (CU) traits. In the current study, we examined associations between AB and white matter microstructure from major fiber tracts, including the UF. Further, we explored whether these associations were specific to individuals high on CU traits. Within a relatively large community sample of young adult men from low-income, urban families (N = 178), we found no direct relations between dimensional, self-report measures of either AB or CU traits and white matter microstructure. However, we found significant associations between AB and white matter microstructure of several tracts only for those with high co-occurring levels of CU traits. In general, these associations did not differ according to race, socioeconomic status, or comorbid psychiatric symptoms. The current results suggest a unique neural profile of severe AB in combination with CU traits, characterized by widespread differences in white matter microstructure, which differs from either AB or CU traits in isolation and is not specific to hypothesized tracts (i.e., the UF).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Waller
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Daniel S Shaw
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - John Plass
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - David Brang
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Luke W Hyde
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA; Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA; Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
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26
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Rasmussen JM, Graham AM, Entringer S, Gilmore JH, Styner M, Fair DA, Wadhwa PD, Buss C. Maternal Interleukin-6 concentration during pregnancy is associated with variation in frontolimbic white matter and cognitive development in early life. Neuroimage 2019; 185:825-835. [PMID: 29654875 PMCID: PMC6181792 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal inflammation during pregnancy can alter the trajectory of fetal brain development and increase risk for offspring psychiatric disorders. However, the majority of relevant research to date has been conducted in animal models. Here, in humans, we focus on the structural connectivity of frontolimbic circuitry as it is both critical for socioemotional and cognitive development, and commonly altered in a range of psychiatric disorders associated with intrauterine inflammation. Specifically, we test the hypothesis that elevated maternal concentration of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) during pregnancy will be associated with variation in microstructural properties of this circuitry in the neonatal period and across the first year of life. Pregnant mothers were recruited in early pregnancy and maternal blood samples were obtained for assessment of maternal IL-6 concentrations in early (12.6 ± 2.8 weeks [S.D.]), mid (20.4 ± 1.5 weeks [S.D.]) and late (30.3 ± 1.3 weeks [S.D.]) gestation. Offspring brain MRI scans were acquired shortly after birth (N = 86, scan age = 3.7 ± 1.7 weeks [S.D.]) and again at 12-mo age (N = 32, scan age = 54.0 ± 3.1 weeks [S.D.]). Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) was used to characterize fractional anisotropy (FA) along the left and right uncinate fasciculus (UF), representing the main frontolimbic fiber tract. In N = 30 of the infants with serial MRI data at birth and 12-mo age, cognitive and socioemotional developmental status was characterized using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. All analyses tested for potentially confounding influences of household income, prepregnancy Body-Mass-Index, obstetric risk, smoking during pregnancy, and infant sex, and outcomes at 12-mo age were additionally adjusted for the quality of the postnatal caregiving environment. Maternal IL-6 concentration (averaged across pregnancy) was prospectively and inversely associated with FA (suggestive of reduced integrity under high inflammatory conditions) in the newborn offspring (bi-lateral, p < 0.01) in the central portion of the UF proximal to the amygdala. Furthermore, maternal IL-6 concentration was positively associated with rate of FA increase across the first year of life (bi-lateral, p < 0.05), resulting in a null association between maternal IL-6 and UF FA at 12-mo age. Maternal IL-6 was also inversely associated with offspring cognition at 12-mo age, and this association was mediated by FA growth across the first year of postnatal life. Findings from the current study support the premise that susceptibility for cognitive impairment and potentially psychiatric disorders may be affected in utero, and that maternal inflammation may constitute an intrauterine condition of particular importance in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerod M Rasmussen
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, 92697, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 92697, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Alice M Graham
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, 92697, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 92697, Irvine, CA, USA; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - John H Gilmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599, North Carolina, USA
| | - Martin Styner
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599, North Carolina, USA
| | - Damien A Fair
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Pathik D Wadhwa
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, 92697, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 92697, Irvine, CA, USA; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Epidemiology, University of California, 92697, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Claudia Buss
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, 92697, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 92697, Irvine, CA, USA; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany.
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Pujol J, Harrison BJ, Contreras-Rodriguez O, Cardoner N. The contribution of brain imaging to the understanding of psychopathy. Psychol Med 2019; 49:20-31. [PMID: 30207255 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718002507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Psychopathy is a personality type characterized by both callous emotional dysfunction and deviant behavior that affects society in the form of actions that harm others. Historically, researchers have been concerned with seeking data and arguments to support a neurobiological foundation of psychopathy. In the past few years, increasing research has begun to reveal brain alterations putatively underlying the enigmatic psychopathic personality. In this review, we describe the brain anatomical and functional features that characterize psychopathy from a synthesis of available neuroimaging research and discuss how such brain anomalies may account for psychopathic behavior. The results are consistent in showing anatomical alterations involving primarily a ventral system connecting the anterior temporal lobe to anterior and ventral frontal areas, and a dorsal system connecting the medial frontal lobe to the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus complex and, in turn, to medial structures of the temporal lobe. Functional imaging data indicate that relevant emotional flow breakdown may occur in both these brain systems and suggest specific mechanisms via which emotion is anomalously integrated into cognition in psychopathic individuals during moral challenge. Directions for future research are delineated emphasizing, for instance, the relevance of further establishing the contribution of early life stress to a learned blockage of emotional self-exposure, and the potential role of androgenic hormones in the development of cortical anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Pujol
- MRI Research Unit, Department of Radiology,Hospital del Mar,CIBERSAM G21, Barcelona,Spain
| | - Ben J Harrison
- Department of Psychiatry,Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health,Melbourne,Australia
| | - Oren Contreras-Rodriguez
- Psychiatry Department,Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL,CIBERSAM G17, Barcelona,Spain
| | - Narcis Cardoner
- Department of Mental Health, Corporació Sanitaria Parc Taulí, Sabadell, and Department of Psychiatry,Autonomous University of Barcelona,Barcelona,Spain
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Johanson M, Vaurio O, Tiihonen J, Lähteenvuo M. A Systematic Literature Review of Neuroimaging of Psychopathic Traits. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:1027. [PMID: 32116828 PMCID: PMC7016047 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.01027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Core psychopathy is characterized by grandiosity, callousness, manipulativeness, and lack of remorse, empathy, and guilt. It is often comorbid with conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Psychopathy is present in forensic as well as prison and general populations. In recent years, an increasing amount of neuroimaging studies has been conducted in order to elucidate the obscure neurobiological etiology of psychopathy. The studies have yielded heterogenous results, and no consensus has been reached. AIMS This study systematically reviewed and qualitatively summarized functional and structural neuroimaging studies conducted on individuals with psychopathic traits. Furthermore, this study aimed to evaluate whether the findings from different MRI modalities could be reconciled from a neuroanatomical perspective. MATERIALS AND METHODS After the search and auditing processes, 118 neuroimaging studies were included in this systematic literature review. The studies consisted of structural, functional, and diffusion tensor MRI studies. RESULTS Psychopathy was associated with numerous neuroanatomical abnormalities. Structurally, gray matter anomalies were seen in frontotemporal, cerebellar, limbic, and paralimbic regions. Associated gray matter volume (GMV) reductions were most pronounced particularly in most of the prefrontal cortex, and temporal gyri including the fusiform gyrus. Also decreased GMV of the amygdalae and hippocampi as well the cingulate and insular cortices were associated with psychopathy, as well as abnormal morphology of the hippocampi, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens. Functionally, psychopathy was associated with dysfunction of the default mode network, which was also linked to poor moral judgment as well as deficient metacognitive and introspective abilities. Second, reduced white matter integrity in the uncinate fasciculus and dorsal cingulum were associated with core psychopathy. Third, emotional detachment was associated with dysfunction of the posterior cerebellum, the human mirror neuron system and the Theory of Mind denoting lack of empathy and persistent failure in integrating affective information into cognition. CONCLUSIONS Structural and functional aberrancies involving the limbic and paralimbic systems including reduced integrity of the uncinate fasciculus appear to be associated with core psychopathic features. Furthermore, this review points towards the idea that ASPD and psychopathy might stem from divergent biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Johanson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olli Vaurio
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Tiihonen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Lähteenvuo
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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Prosser A, Friston KJ, Bakker N, Parr T. A Bayesian Account of Psychopathy: A Model of Lacks Remorse and Self-Aggrandizing. COMPUTATIONAL PSYCHIATRY (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2018; 2:92-140. [PMID: 30381799 PMCID: PMC6184370 DOI: 10.1162/cpsy_a_00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This article proposes a formal model that integrates cognitive and psychodynamic psychotherapeutic models of psychopathy to show how two major psychopathic traits called lacks remorse and self-aggrandizing can be understood as a form of abnormal Bayesian inference about the self. This model draws on the predictive coding (i.e., active inference) framework, a neurobiologically plausible explanatory framework for message passing in the brain that is formalized in terms of hierarchical Bayesian inference. In summary, this model proposes that these two cardinal psychopathic traits reflect entrenched maladaptive Bayesian inferences about the self, which defend against the experience of deep-seated, self-related negative emotions, specifically shame and worthlessness. Support for the model in extant research on the neurobiology of psychopathy and quantitative simulations are provided. Finally, we offer a preliminary overview of a novel treatment for psychopathy that rests on our Bayesian formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Prosser
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Karl J. Friston
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nathan Bakker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Thomas Parr
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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30
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Marín-Navarrete R, Toledo-Fernández A, Villalobos-Gallegos L, Pérez-López A, Medina-Mora ME. Neuropsychiatric characterization of individuals with inhalant use disorder and polysubstance use according to latent profiles of executive functioning. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 190:104-111. [PMID: 30005309 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhalant use disorder (IUD) is associated with deficits in executive functions (EFs). We described latent profiles of EFs and distribution of neuropsychiatric disorders and patterns of severity of use across these profiles. METHODS Individuals with IUD were recruited at community-based residential facilities for substance use treatment in Mexico City. Latent profile analysis was conducted with the following tasks: self-ordered pointing, Stroop, Iowa gambling, Wisconsin Card Sorting and Tower of Hanoi. RESULTS Three latent profiles were extracted from n = 165: lowest performances of inhibition of response and processing speed; lowest performance of self-monitoring, intermediate performance of inhibition of response and relatively spared processing speed; and intermediate performance of processing speed and self-monitoring, and relatively spared inhibition of response. CONCLUSION Between-group differences were observed mainly for antisocial personality disorder and lifetime suicidal. Findings remark the need for identifying distinct profiles of EFs within these populations to better understand the transdiagnostic heterogeneity of EFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Marín-Navarrete
- Clinical Trials Unit on Addiction and Mental Health, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, México-Xochimilco 101, Tlalpan, 14370, Mexico City, Mexico; National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, México-Xochimilco 101, Tlalpan, 14370, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Aldebarán Toledo-Fernández
- Clinical Trials Unit on Addiction and Mental Health, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, México-Xochimilco 101, Tlalpan, 14370, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Villalobos-Gallegos
- Clinical Trials Unit on Addiction and Mental Health, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, México-Xochimilco 101, Tlalpan, 14370, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Pérez-López
- Clinical Trials Unit on Addiction and Mental Health, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, México-Xochimilco 101, Tlalpan, 14370, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Elena Medina-Mora
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, México-Xochimilco 101, Tlalpan, 14370, Mexico City, Mexico
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Abstract
Studies on antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) subjects focus on brain functional alterations in relation to antisocial behaviors. Neuroimaging research has identified a number of focal brain regions with abnormal structures or functions in ASPD. However, little is known about the connections among brain regions in terms of inter-regional whole-brain networks in ASPD patients, as well as possible alterations of brain functional topological organization. In this study, we employ resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI) to examine functional connectome of 32 ASPD patients and 35 normal controls by using a variety of network properties, including small-worldness, modularity, and connectivity. The small-world analysis reveals that ASPD patients have increased path length and decreased network efficiency, which implies a reduced ability of global integration of whole-brain functions. Modularity analysis suggests ASPD patients have decreased overall modularity, merged network modules, and reduced intra- and inter-module connectivities related to frontal regions. Also, network-based statistics show that an internal sub-network, composed of 16 nodes and 16 edges, is significantly affected in ASPD patients, where brain regions are mostly located in the fronto-parietal control network. These results suggest that ASPD is associated with both reduced brain integration and segregation in topological organization of functional brain networks, particularly in the fronto-parietal control network. These disruptions may contribute to disturbances in behavior and cognition in patients with ASPD. Our findings may provide insights into a deeper understanding of functional brain networks of ASPD.
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Blair R, Veroude K, Buitelaar J. Neuro-cognitive system dysfunction and symptom sets: A review of fMRI studies in youth with conduct problems. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 91:69-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Lindner P, Flodin P, Budhiraja M, Savic I, Jokinen J, Tiihonen J, Hodgins S. Associations of Psychopathic Traits With Local and Global Brain Network Topology in Young Adult Women. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2018; 3:1003-1012. [PMID: 29945829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychopathic traits vary dimensionally in the population and are associated with multiple negative outcomes. The impaired integration theory (IIT) proposes that psychopathic traits are associated with abnormal neural network topology, such that disturbed integration of neural networks results in a self-perpetuating impairment in rapid integration and learning from multiple components of information. The IIT is based on findings from male offenders presenting high scores on all psychopathic traits. The present study investigated whether IIT predictions of topology abnormalities were associated with psychopathic traits, measured dimensionally, in young adult women with subsyndromal scores. METHODS Seventy-three women, with an average age of 25 years, were assessed using the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised and completed resting-state magnetic resonance imaging. Preprocessed time series from 90 anatomical regions were extracted to form connectivity matrices and used to calculate network topology based on graph theory. Correlations between total psychopathy and factor scores with both the raw connectivity matrix and global and local graph theory measures were computed. RESULTS Total psychopathy scores and behavioral factor scores were related to connectivity between several pairs of regions, primarily limbic/paralimbic. Psychopathic traits were not associated with global topology measures. Topology abnormalities, robust across network formation thresholds, were found in nodes of the default mode network and in hubs connecting several resting-state networks. CONCLUSIONS IIT predictions of abnormal topology of hubs and default mode network nodes with dimensionally measured psychopathic traits were confirmed in a sample of young women. Regional abnormalities, accompanied by preserved global topology, may underlie context-specific abnormal information processing and integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Lindner
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Dependency Disorders, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Pär Flodin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Center for Aging and Demographic Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Meenal Budhiraja
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ivanka Savic
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Neurology Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jussi Jokinen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jari Tiihonen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sheilagh Hodgins
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Département de Psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Dailey NS, Smith R, Bajaj S, Alkozei A, Gottschlich MK, Raikes AC, Satterfield BC, Killgore WDS. Elevated Aggression and Reduced White Matter Integrity in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A DTI Study. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:118. [PMID: 30013466 PMCID: PMC6036267 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) remains the most commonly reported head injury in the United States, and is associated with a wide range of post-concussive symptoms including physical, cognitive and affective impairments. Elevated aggression has been documented in mTBI; however, the neural mechanisms associated with aggression at the chronic stage of recovery remain poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the association between white matter integrity and aggression in mTBI using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Twenty-six age-matched adults participated in the study, including 16 healthy controls (HCs) and 10 individuals in the chronic stage of recovery (either 6-months or 12 months post-mTBI). Psychological measures of aggression included the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire and the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). Axonal pathways implicated in affective processing were studied, including the corpus callosum, anterior thalamic radiation, cingulum and uncinate fasciculus, and measures of white matter integrity included fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD) and axial diffusivity (AD). We found that adults with mTBI in the chronic stage of recovery had higher levels aggression. Individuals with mTBI also had greater RD in the corpus callosum compared to HCs, indicating reduced fiber integrity. Furthermore, we observed a significant association between reduced white matter integrity in the corpus callosum and greater aggression. Our findings provide additional evidence for underlying neuroanatomical mechanisms of aggression, although future research will be necessary to characterize the specific relationship between aggression and the white matter pathways we identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie S Dailey
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ryan Smith
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Sahil Bajaj
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Anna Alkozei
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Melissa K Gottschlich
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Adam C Raikes
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Brieann C Satterfield
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - William D S Killgore
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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Miskovich TA, Anderson NE, Harenski CL, Harenski KA, Baskin-Sommers AR, Larson CL, Newman JP, Hanson JL, Stout DM, Koenigs M, Shollenbarger SG, Lisdahl KM, Decety J, Kosson DS, Kiehl KA. Abnormal cortical gyrification in criminal psychopathy. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 19:876-882. [PMID: 29946511 PMCID: PMC6008502 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by interpersonal and emotional abnormalities (e.g., lack of empathy and guilt) and antisocial behavior. Psychopathy has been associated with a number of structural brain abnormalities, most notably in orbital frontal and anterior/medial temporal regions, that may underlie psychopathic individuals' problematic behaviors. Past research evaluating cortical structure in psychopathy has considered thickness and volume, but to date no study has investigated differences in cortical gyrification, a measure of cortical complexity thought to reflect early neurodevelopmental cortical connectivity. Methods We measured the local gyrification index (LGI) in a sample of 716 adult male inmates and performed a whole brain analysis assessing the relationship between LGI and total and factor scores on the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). Results PCL-R scores were negatively associated with LGI measures within the right hemisphere in the midcingulate cortex (MCC) and adjacent regions of the superior frontal gyrus as well as lateral superior parietal cortex. Additionally, PCL-R Factor 1 scores (interpersonal/affective traits) predicted less LGI within the right MCC and adjacent dorsomedial frontal cortex and greater LGI in bilateral occipital cortex. Scores on PCL-R Factor 2, indicating impulsivity and antisocial behaviors, did not predict LGI in any regions. Conclusions These findings suggest that psychopathy, particularly the interpersonal and affective traits, are associated with specific structural abnormalities that form during neurodevelopment and these abnormalities may underlie aberrant brain functioning in regions important in emotional processing and cognitive control. We examined cortical gyrification associations with psychopathy in a sample of 716 incarcerated individuals. Psychopathy was negatively associated with gyrification in the midcingulate cortex and superior parietal cortex. Factor 1 scores negatively predicted gyrification in the midcingulate cortex, but positively in bilateral occipital cortex. These results may represent a vulnerability for psychopathy, which may help elucidate the etiology of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara A Miskovich
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Nathaniel E Anderson
- The nonprofit Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Carla L Harenski
- The nonprofit Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Keith A Harenski
- The nonprofit Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | | | - Christine L Larson
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Joseph P Newman
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Jessica L Hanson
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Daniel M Stout
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, United States
| | - Michael Koenigs
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | | | - Krista M Lisdahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Jean Decety
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - David S Kosson
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kent A Kiehl
- The nonprofit Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, United States; Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States.
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Lindner P, Budhiraja M, Westerman J, Savic I, Jokinen J, Tiihonen J, Hodgins S. White matter correlates of psychopathic traits in a female community sample. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 12:1500-1510. [PMID: 28992269 PMCID: PMC5629821 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsx070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychopathy comprises interpersonal, affective, lifestyle and antisocial facets that vary dimensionally in the population and are associated with criminal offending and adverse psychosocial outcomes. Evidence associating these facets with white matter microstructure of the uncinate fasciculus and the cingulum tracts is inconsistent and derives principally from studies of male offenders. In a sample of 99 young women presenting a range of scores on the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version, we used Diffusion Tensor Imaging, tractography and Tract-Based Spatial Statistics to investigate microstructure across the brain and of the uncinate fasciculus and cingulum. Right uncinate fasciculus microstructure was negatively associated with the interpersonal facet, while cingulum integrity was not associated with any facet of psychopathy. Whole-brain analyses revealed that both affective and lifestyle facets were negatively correlated with white matter microstructure adjacent to the fusiform gyrus, and the interpersonal facet correlated negatively with the integrity of the fornix. Findings survived adjustment for the other facet scores, and age, verbal and performance IQ. A similar negative association between the interpersonal facet and uncinate fasciculus integrity was previously observed in male offenders. Thus, previous evidence showing that psychopathic traits are associated with functional and structural abnormalities within limbic networks may also apply to females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Lindner
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meenal Budhiraja
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Westerman
- Maria Ungdom Research Center, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ivanka Savic
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Neurology Clinic, Karoliniska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jussi Jokinen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jari Tiihonen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sheilagh Hodgins
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Département de Psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Coad BM, Postans M, Hodgetts CJ, Muhlert N, Graham KS, Lawrence AD. Structural connections support emotional connections: Uncinate Fasciculus microstructure is related to the ability to decode facial emotion expressions. Neuropsychologia 2017; 145:106562. [PMID: 29122609 PMCID: PMC7534036 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Uncinate Fasciculus (UF) is an association fibre tract connecting regions in the frontal and anterior temporal lobes. UF disruption is seen in several disorders associated with impaired social behaviour, but its functional role is unclear. Here we set out to test the hypothesis that the UF is important for facial expression processing, an ability fundamental to adaptive social behaviour. In two separate experiments in healthy adults, we used high-angular resolution diffusion-weighted imaging (HARDI) and constrained spherical deconvolution (CSD) tractography to virtually dissect the UF, plus a control tract (the corticospinal tract (CST)), and quantify, via fractional anisotropy (FA), individual differences in tract microstructure. In Experiment 1, participants completed the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task (RMET), a well-validated assay of facial expression decoding. In Experiment 2, a different set of participants completed the RMET, plus an odd-emotion-out task of facial emotion discrimination. In both experiments, participants also completed a control odd-identity-out facial identity discrimination task. In Experiment 1, FA of the right-, but not the left-hemisphere, UF was significantly correlated with performance on the RMET task, specifically for emotional, but not neutral expressions. UF FA was not significantly correlated with facial identity discrimination performance. In Experiment 2, FA of the right-, but not left-hemisphere, UF was again significantly correlated with performance on emotional items from the RMET, together with performance on the facial emotion discrimination task. Again, no significant association was found between UF FA and facial identity discrimination performance. Our findings highlight the contribution of right-hemisphere UF microstructure to inter-individual variability in the ability to decode facial emotion expressions, and may explain why disruption of this pathway affects social behaviour. We studied white matter microstructure correlates of facial emotion decoding skills. Focused on the role of a key limbic tract, the Uncinate Fasciculus (UF). Right UF microstructure linked to facial expression decoding skills. UF microstructure not related to facial identity discrimination skills. Right UF has a distinct role in the processing of facial expressions of emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany M Coad
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Mark Postans
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Carl J Hodgetts
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Nils Muhlert
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, UK; Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kim S Graham
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Andrew D Lawrence
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, UK.
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Cantor JM, Lafaille SJ, Hannah J, Kucyi A, Soh DW, Girard TA, Mikulis DJ. Independent Component Analysis of Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Pedophiles. J Sex Med 2017; 13:1546-54. [PMID: 27641922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuroimaging and other studies have changed the common view that pedophilia is a result of childhood sexual abuse and instead is a neurologic phenomenon with prenatal origins. Previous research has identified differences in the structural connectivity of the brain in pedophilia. AIM To identify analogous differences in functional connectivity. METHODS Functional magnetic resonance images were recorded from three groups of participants while they were at rest: pedophilic men with a history of sexual offenses against children (n = 37) and two control groups: non-pedophilic men who committed non-sexual offenses (n = 28) and non-pedophilic men with no criminal history (n = 39). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were subjected to independent component analysis to identify known functional networks of the brain, and groups were compared to identify differences in connectivity with those networks (or "components"). RESULTS The pedophilic group demonstrated wide-ranging increases in functional connectivity with the default mode network compared with controls and regional differences (increases and decreases) with the frontoparietal network. Of these brain regions (total = 23), 20 have been identified by meta-analytic studies to respond to sexually relevant stimuli. Conversely, of the brain areas known to be those that respond to sexual stimuli, nearly all emerged in the present data as significantly different in pedophiles. CONCLUSION This study confirms the presence of significant differences in the functional connectivity of the brain in pedophilia consistent with previously reported differences in structural connectivity. The connectivity differences detected here and elsewhere are opposite in direction from those associated with anti-sociality, arguing against anti-sociality and for pedophilia as the source of the neuroanatomic differences detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Cantor
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Complex Mental Illness Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - S J Lafaille
- Complex Mental Illness Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Hannah
- Complex Mental Illness Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - A Kucyi
- Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D W Soh
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - T A Girard
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D J Mikulis
- Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Microstructural White Matter Alterations in the Corpus Callosum of Girls With Conduct Disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 56:258-265.e1. [PMID: 28219492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies in adolescent conduct disorder (CD) have demonstrated white matter alterations of tracts connecting functionally distinct fronto-limbic regions, but only in boys or mixed-gender samples. So far, no study has investigated white matter integrity in girls with CD on a whole-brain level. Therefore, our aim was to investigate white matter alterations in adolescent girls with CD. METHOD We collected high-resolution DTI data from 24 girls with CD and 20 typically developing control girls using a 3T magnetic resonance imaging system. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were analyzed for whole-brain as well as a priori-defined regions of interest, while controlling for age and intelligence, using a voxel-based analysis and an age-appropriate customized template. RESULTS Whole-brain findings revealed white matter alterations (i.e., increased FA) in girls with CD bilaterally within the body of the corpus callosum, expanding toward the right cingulum and left corona radiata. The FA and MD results in a priori-defined regions of interest were more widespread and included changes in the cingulum, corona radiata, fornix, and uncinate fasciculus. These results were not driven by age, intelligence, or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder comorbidity. CONCLUSION This report provides the first evidence of white matter alterations in female adolescents with CD as indicated through white matter reductions in callosal tracts. This finding enhances current knowledge about the neuropathological basis of female CD. An increased understanding of gender-specific neuronal characteristics in CD may influence diagnosis, early detection, and successful intervention strategies.
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Reduced White Matter Integrity in Antisocial Personality Disorder: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43002. [PMID: 28223713 PMCID: PMC5320449 DOI: 10.1038/srep43002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging neuroimaging research suggests that antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) may be linked to abnormal brain anatomy, but little is known about possible impairments of white matter microstructure in ASPD, as well as their relationship with impulsivity or risky behaviors. In this study, we systematically investigated white matter abnormalities of ASPD using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures: fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD). Then, we further investigated their correlations with the scores of impulsivity or risky behaviors. ASPD patients showed decreased FA in multiple major white matter fiber bundles, which connect the fronto-parietal control network and the fronto-temporal network. We also found AD/RD deficits in some additional white matter tracts that were not detected by FA. More interestingly, several regions were found correlated with impulsivity or risky behaviors in AD and RD values, although not in FA values, including the splenium of corpus callosum, left posterior corona radiate/posterior thalamic radiate, right superior longitudinal fasciculus, and left inferior longitudinal fasciculus. These regions can be the potential biomarkers, which would be of great interest in further understanding the pathomechanism of ASPD.
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White-matter tract abnormalities and antisocial behavior: A systematic review of diffusion tensor imaging studies across development. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017; 14:201-215. [PMID: 28180079 PMCID: PMC5280002 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Antisocial behavior (AB), including aggression, violence, and theft, is thought be underpinned by abnormal functioning in networks of the brain critical to emotion processing, behavioral control, and reward-related learning. To better understand the abnormal functioning of these networks, research has begun to investigate the structural connections between brain regions implicated in AB using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), which assesses white-matter tract microstructure. This systematic review integrates findings from 22 studies that examined the relationship between white-matter microstructure and AB across development. In contrast to a prior hypothesis that AB is associated with greater diffusivity specifically in the uncinate fasciculus, findings suggest that adult AB is associated with greater diffusivity across a range of white-matter tracts, including the uncinate fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, cingulum, corticospinal tract, thalamic radiations, and corpus callosum. The pattern of findings among youth studies was inconclusive with both higher and lower diffusivity found across association, commissural, and projection and thalamic tracts. Antisocial behavior (AB) is characterized by impaired emotion and reward processing. These behaviors may develop from microstructural abnormalities of white-matter tracts. We provide a systematic review of 22 diffusion tensor imaging studies of AB. Adult AB was linked to greater diffusivity (“poorer integrity”) across a range of white-matter tracts. For youth AB, there were mixed findings.
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Key Words
- AB, antisocial behavior
- AD, axial diffusivity
- APD, antisocial personality disorder
- Antisocial behavior
- CD, conduct disorder
- CU, callous-unemotional
- Callous-unemotional traits
- DMN, default mode network
- DTI, diffusion tensor imaging
- Diffusion tensor imaging
- FA, fractional anisotropy
- IFOF, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus
- ILF, inferior longitudinal fasciculus
- MD, mean diffusivity
- Neuroimaging
- Psychopathy
- RD, radial diffusivity
- SLF, superior longitudinal fasciculus
- Systematic review
- UF, uncinate fasciculus
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Ortega-Escobar J, Alcázar-Córcoles MÁ, Puente-Rodríguez L, Peñaranda-Ramos E. Psychopathy: Legal and neuroscientific aspects. ANUARIO DE PSICOLOGÍA JURÍDICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apj.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Zorlu N, Angelique Di Biase M, Kalaycı ÇÇ, Zalesky A, Bağcı B, Oğuz N, Gelal F, Beşiroğlu L, Gülseren Ş, Sarıçiçek A, Bora E, Pantelis C. Abnormal white matter integrity in synthetic cannabinoid users. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:1818-1825. [PMID: 27617779 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic cannabinoids have become increasingly popular in the last few years especially among adolescents and young adults. However, no previous studies have assessed the effects of synthetic cannabinoids on the structure of the human brain. Understanding the harms of synthetic cannabinoid use on brain structure is therefore crucial given its increasing use. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed in 22 patients who used synthetic cannabinoids more than five times a week for at least 1 year and 18 healthy controls. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was significantly reduced in the cannabinoid group compared to controls in a cluster of white matter voxels spanning the left temporal lobe, subcortical structures and brainstem. This cluster was predominantly traversed by the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, fornix, cingulum-hippocampus and corticospinal tracts. Long-term use of synthetic cannabinoids is associated with white matter abnormalities in adolescents and young adults. Disturbed brain connectivity in synthetic cannabinoid users may underlie cognitive impairment and vulnerability to psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabi Zorlu
- Department of Psychiatry, Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Maria Angelique Di Biase
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
| | - Çiğdem Çolak Kalaycı
- Department of Psychiatry, Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
| | - Başak Bağcı
- Department of Psychiatry, Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nihan Oğuz
- Department of Psychiatry, Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fazıl Gelal
- Department of Radiodiagnostics, Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Lütfullah Beşiroğlu
- Department of Psychiatry, Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Şeref Gülseren
- Department of Psychiatry, Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aybala Sarıçiçek
- Department of Psychiatry, Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Emre Bora
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia; Centre for Neural Engineering (CfNE), Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, VIC, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience & Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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44
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Lee R, Arfanakis K, Evia AM, Fanning J, Keedy S, Coccaro EF. White Matter Integrity Reductions in Intermittent Explosive Disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:2697-703. [PMID: 27206265 PMCID: PMC5026737 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Intermittent explosive disorder (IED), as described in DSM-5, is the categorical expression of pathological impulsive aggression. Previous work has identified neurobiological correlates of the disorder in patterns of frontal-limbic brain activity and dysregulation of serotonergic neurotransmission. Given the importance of short- and-long range white matter connections of the brain in social and emotional behavior, studies of white matter connectivity in impulsive aggression are warranted. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies in the related conditions of antisocial and borderline personality disorder have produced preliminary evidence of disturbed white matter connectivity in these disorders, but to date there have been no DTI studies in IED. A total of 132 male and female adults between the ages of 18 and 55 years underwent Turboprop-DTI on a 3-Tesla MRI scanner. Of these, 42 subjects had IED, 40 were normal controls, and 50 were clinical psychiatric controls with psychiatric disorders without IED. All subjects were free of alcohol, psychotropic medications, or drugs of abuse. The diffusion tensor was calculated in each voxel and maps of fractional anisotropy (FA) were generated. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) were used to compare FA along the white matter skeleton among the three subject groups. IED was associated with lower FA in two clusters located in the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) when compared with the psychiatric and healthy controls. Impulsive aggression and borderline personality disorder, but not psychopathy or antisocial personality disorder, was associated with lower FA in the two clusters within the SLF. In conclusion, IED was associated with lower white matter integrity in long-range connections between the frontal and temporoparietal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Royce Lee
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Tel: +1 773 834 5673, Fax: +1 773 834 4536, E-mail:
| | - Konstantinos Arfanakis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arnold M Evia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer Fanning
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarah Keedy
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emil F Coccaro
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Sarkar S, Dell’Acqua F, Froudist Walsh S, Blackwood N, Scott S, Craig MC, Deeley Q, Murphy DGM. A Whole-Brain Investigation of White Matter Microstructure in Adolescents with Conduct Disorder. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155475. [PMID: 27271503 PMCID: PMC4894575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biological basis of severe antisocial behaviour in adolescents is poorly understood. We recently reported that adolescents with conduct disorder (CD) have significantly increased fractional anisotropy (FA) of the uncinate fasciculus (a white matter (WM) tract that connects the amygdala to the frontal lobe) compared to their non-CD peers. However, the extent of WM abnormality in other brain regions is currently unclear. METHODS We used tract-based spatial statistics to investigate whole brain WM microstructural organisation in 27 adolescent males with CD, and 21 non-CD controls. We also examined relationships between FA and behavioural measures. Groups did not differ significantly in age, ethnicity, or substance use history. RESULTS The CD group, compared to controls, had clusters of significantly greater FA in 7 brain regions corresponding to: 1) the bilateral inferior and superior cerebellar peduncles, corticopontocerebellar tract, posterior limb of internal capsule, and corticospinal tract; 2) right superior longitudinal fasciculus; and 3) left cerebellar WM. Severity of antisocial behavior and callous-unemotional symptoms were significantly correlated with FA in several of these regions across the total sample, but not in the CD or control groups alone. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with CD have significantly greater FA than controls in WM regions corresponding predominantly to the fronto-cerebellar circuit. There is preliminary evidence that variation in WM microstructure may be dimensionally related to behaviour problems in youngsters. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that antisocial behaviour in some young people is associated with abnormalities in WM 'connectivity'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagari Sarkar
- King’s College London, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment and the Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College London, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Flavio Dell’Acqua
- King’s College London, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment and the Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College London, Natbrainlab, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Seán Froudist Walsh
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Nigel Blackwood
- King’s College London, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment and the Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College London, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Scott
- King’s College London, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael C. Craig
- King’s College London, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment and the Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College London, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Quinton Deeley
- King’s College London, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment and the Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College London, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Declan G. M. Murphy
- King’s College London, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment and the Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College London, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
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Ma G, Fan H, Shen C, Wang W. Genetic and Neuroimaging Features of Personality Disorders: State of the Art. Neurosci Bull 2016; 32:286-306. [PMID: 27037690 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-016-0027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Personality disorders often act as a common denominator for many psychiatric problems, and studies on personality disorders contribute to the etiopathology, diagnosis, and treatment of many mental disorders. In recent years, increasing evidence from various studies has shown distinctive features of personality disorders, and that from genetic and neuroimaging studies has been especially valuable. Genetic studies primarily target the genes encoding neurotransmitters and enzymes in the serotoninergic and dopaminergic systems, and neuroimaging studies mainly focus on the frontal and temporal lobes as well as the limbic-paralimbic system in patients with personality disorders. Although some studies have suffered due to unclear diagnoses of personality disorders and some have included few patients for a given personality disorder, great opportunities remain for investigators to launch new ideas and technologies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorong Ma
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University College of Science, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Hongying Fan
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chanchan Shen
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University College of Science, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University College of Science, Hangzhou, 310007, China.
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47
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Lewis GJ, Cox SR, Booth T, Muñoz Maniega S, Royle NA, Valdés Hernández M, Wardlaw JM, Bastin ME, Deary IJ. Trait conscientiousness and the personality meta-trait stability are associated with regional white matter microstructure. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2016; 11:1255-61. [PMID: 27013101 PMCID: PMC4967799 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Establishing the neural bases of individual differences in personality has been an enduring topic of interest. However, while a growing literature has sought to characterize grey matter correlates of personality traits, little attention to date has been focused on regional white matter correlates of personality, especially for the personality traits agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness. To rectify this gap in knowledge we used a large sample (n > 550) of older adults who provided data on both personality (International Personality Item Pool) and white matter tract-specific fractional anisotropy (FA) from diffusion tensor MRI. Results indicated that conscientiousness was associated with greater FA in the left uncinate fasciculus (β = 0.17, P < 0.001). We also examined links between FA and the personality meta-trait ‘stability’, which is defined as the common variance underlying agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism/emotional stability. We observed an association between left uncinate fasciculus FA and stability (β = 0.27, P < 0.001), which fully accounted for the link between left uncinate fasciculus FA and conscientiousness. In sum, these results provide novel evidence for links between regional white matter microstructure and key traits of human personality, specifically conscientiousness and the meta-trait, stability. Future research is recommended to replicate and address the causal directions of these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary J Lewis
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Department of Psychology Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tom Booth
- Department of Psychology Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Susana Muñoz Maniega
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK Brain Research Imaging Centre, Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Natalie A Royle
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK Brain Research Imaging Centre, Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Maria Valdés Hernández
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK Brain Research Imaging Centre, Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK Brain Research Imaging Centre, Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Mark E Bastin
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK Brain Research Imaging Centre, Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Department of Psychology Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
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A common NTRK2 variant is associated with emotional arousal and brain white-matter integrity in healthy young subjects. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e758. [PMID: 26978740 PMCID: PMC4872446 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of emotional arousal is observed in many psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia, mood and anxiety disorders. The neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 2 gene (NTRK2) has been associated with these disorders. Here we investigated the relation between genetic variability of NTRK2 and emotional arousal in healthy young subjects in two independent samples (n1=1171; n2=707). In addition, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data in a subgroup of 342 participants were used to identify NTRK2-related white-matter structure differences. After correction for multiple testing, we identified a NTRK2 single nucleotide polymorphism associated with emotional arousal in both samples (n1: Pnominal=0.0003, Pcorrected=0.048; n2: Pnominal=0.0141, Pcorrected=0.036). DTI revealed significant, whole-brain corrected correlations between emotional arousal and brain white-matter mean diffusivity (MD), as well as significant, whole-brain corrected NTRK2 genotype-related differences in MD (PFWE<0.05). Our study demonstrates that genetic variability of NTRK2, a susceptibility gene for psychiatric disorders, is related to emotional arousal and-independently-to brain white-matter properties in healthy individuals.
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49
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Charpentier J, Dzemidzic M, West J, Oberlin BG, Eiler WJA, Saykin AJ, Kareken DA. Externalizing personality traits, empathy, and gray matter volume in healthy young drinkers. Psychiatry Res 2016; 248:64-72. [PMID: 26778367 PMCID: PMC4760619 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Externalizing psychopathology has been linked to prefrontal abnormalities. While clinically diagnosed subjects show altered frontal gray matter, it is unknown if similar deficits relate to externalizing traits in non-clinical populations. We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to retrospectively analyze the cerebral gray matter volume of 176 young adult social to heavy drinkers (mean age=24.0±2.9, male=83.5%) from studies of alcoholism risk. We hypothesized that prefrontal gray matter volume and externalizing traits would be correlated. Externalizing personality trait components-Boredom Susceptibility-Impulsivity (BS/IMP) and Empathy/Low Antisocial Behaviors (EMP/LASB)-were tested for correlations with gray matter partial volume estimates (gmPVE). Significantly large clusters (pFWE<0.05, family-wise whole-brain corrected) of gmPVE correlated with EMP/LASB in dorsolateral and medial prefrontal regions, and in occipital cortex. BS/IMP did not correlate with gmPVE, but one scale of impulsivity (Eysenck I7) correlated positively with bilateral inferior frontal/orbitofrontal, and anterior insula gmPVE. In this large sample of community-dwelling young adults, antisocial behavior/low empathy corresponded with reduced prefrontal and occipital gray matter, while impulsivity correlated with increased inferior frontal and anterior insula cortical volume. These findings add to a literature indicating that externalizing personality features involve altered frontal architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Charpentier
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mario Dzemidzic
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - John West
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Brandon G Oberlin
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - William J A Eiler
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - David A Kareken
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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50
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Lederer K, Fouche JP, Wilson D, Stein DJ, Uhlmann A. Frontal white matter changes and aggression in methamphetamine dependence. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:53-62. [PMID: 26671551 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-015-9775-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic methamphetamine (MA) use can lead to white matter (WM) changes and increased levels of aggression. While previous studies have examined WM abnormalities relating to cognitive impairment, associations between WM integrity and aggression in MA dependence remain unclear. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) was used to investigate WM changes in 40 individuals with MA dependence and 40 matched healthy controls. A region of interest (ROI) approach using tract based spatial statistics (TBSS) in FSL was performed. We compared fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), parallel diffusivity (λ║) and perpendicular diffusivity (λ┴) in WM tracts of the frontal brain. A relationship of WM with aggression scores from the Buss & Perry Questionnaire was investigated. Mean scores for anger (p < 0.001), physical aggression (p = 0.032) and total aggression (p = 0.021) were significantly higher in the MA group relative to controls. ROI analysis showed increased MD (U = 439.5, p = 0.001) and λ┴ (U = 561.5, p = 0.021) values in the genu of the corpus callosum, and increased MD (U = 541.5, p = 0.012) values in the right cingulum in MA dependence. None of the WM changes were significantly associated with aggression scores. This study provides evidence of frontal WM changes and increased levels of aggression in individuals with MA dependence. The lack of significant associations between WM and aggressive behaviour may reflect methodological issues in measuring such behaviour, or may indicate that the neurobiology of aggression is not simply correlated with WM damage but is more complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Lederer
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, J-Block, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Jean-Paul Fouche
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, J-Block, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Don Wilson
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, J-Block, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, J-Block, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Anne Uhlmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, J-Block, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa.
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