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Thomas JL, Keenan-Miller D, Sumner JA, Hammen C. Early Life Adversity and Clinical Intimate Partner Violence in Adulthood: The Mediating Role of Interpersonal Conflict in Adolescence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP21345-NP21365. [PMID: 34870513 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211057267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with adverse outcomes for both victims and perpetrators, though there is significant heterogeneity in manifestations of relationship violence. A growing amount of research has focused on elucidating predictors of clinical IPV-defined as severe violence involving institutional or medical intervention due to actual or potential injury-so as to better understand potential prevention and intervention targets. Early life adversity (ELA) is associated with IPV in adulthood, yet this literature focuses on discrete, retrospectively reported adversities (e.g., physical abuse and neglect) and has yet to consider clinical IPV as an outcome. Little is known about if and how broadly adverse early environments may confer risk for this specific form of relationship violence. We investigated associations between exposure to ELA prior to age five and clinical IPV victimization and perpetration by age 20 in a longitudinal, community-based sample of men and women in Australia (N = 588). Early life adversity was prospectively indexed by maternal reports of financial hardship, child chronic illness, maternal stressful life events, maternal depressive symptoms, parental discord, and parental separation. Youth interpersonal conflict life events at age 15-an interviewer-rated assessment of episodic stressors involving conflict across relationships in mid-adolescence-was tested as a potential mediator for both victims and perpetrators. Among women, ELA predicted IPV victimization and perpetration, and interpersonal conflict life events partially mediated the link between ELA and victimization, but not perpetration. Neither ELA nor interpersonal conflict life events predicted victimization or perpetration among men. Women exposed to ELA are at-risk for conflictual interpersonal relationships later in life, including violent intimate relationships, and deficits in conflict resolution skills may be one mechanism through which ELA leads to IPV victimization among this subgroup. Violence prevention and intervention efforts should target interpersonal skills, including conflict resolution, among women and girls exposed to adverse early environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan L Thomas
- Department of Psychology, 8783University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Jennifer A Sumner
- Department of Psychology, 8783University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Constance Hammen
- Department of Psychology, 8783University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Lee KA, Bright CL, Sacco P, Smith ME. The Influence of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence Among Black Men: The Moderating Role of Alcohol Use. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP17248-NP17275. [PMID: 34192964 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211027997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the moderating role of alcohol use on the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration among Black men in the United States. We conducted bivariate and logistic regression analyses using data from Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Bivariate results revealed significant relationships between eight of the 10 ACE factors physical neglect; emotional, physical and sexual abuse; witnessing a mother being abused; and having a parent guardian with an alcohol and drug problem and who was incarcerated and IPV perpetration. Similarly, examination of the relationship between ACEs and alcohol use in adulthood also revealed significant associations, with the exception of exposure to emotional neglect, emotional and sexual abuse, and witnessing a mother being abused. Findings from the logistic regression models revealed that alcohol use significantly moderated the relationship between ACEs and IPV perpetration, but only for men exposed to 1, 2, and ≥4 adversities in childhood. However, alcohol use appeared to exacerbate the relationship between ACEs and IPV perpetration for men without childhood adversity. Implications for practice, policy, and areas for further research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry A Lee
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Paul Sacco
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Fernández-Montalvo J, Echauri JA, Azcárate JM, Martínez M, Siria S, López-Goñi JJ. What Differentiates Batterer Men with and without Histories of Childhood Family Violence? JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP4558-NP4577. [PMID: 32954956 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520958648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The goals of this study were to explore the prevalence of childhood family violence (CFV) (both suffered and witnessed) among male batterers in treatment, and to analyze the specific psychological profile of those perpetrators with CFV. A sample of 1,421 men recruited from a specialized batterer treatment program was assessed. A description of the sociodemographic, violence, and psychopathological characteristics of the sample was carried out. Moreover, a comparison of all the variables studied between batterer men with and those without CFV was conducted. The results showed that 35.2% (n = 500) of the sample reported having been victims of CFV (67.2% of them directly suffered abuse, and 32.8% witnessed violence between their parents, mainly from father to mother). Batterers with CFV presented with more irrational beliefs both about women and about violence as a strategy to cope with everyday difficulties. Moreover, they had significantly higher scores than batterers without CFV on all psychopathological symptoms as assessed by the SCL-90-R, as well as on most of the STAXI-2 subscales. In the logistic regression analysis, the main variables related to having a history of CFV were low education level, voluntary access to the program, having a previous psychiatric history, being an immigrant, having children, and presenting a greater number of psychopathological symptoms. According to these results, batterers with CFV showed a higher severity in most of the variables studied than those without CFV. Consequently, these findings highlight the importance of tailoring batterer treatment programs to their specific characteristics, particularly those regarding childhood victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fernández-Montalvo
- Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - José A Echauri
- Psimae. Instituto de Psicología Jurídica y Forense, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Juana M Azcárate
- Psimae. Instituto de Psicología Jurídica y Forense, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - María Martínez
- Psimae. Instituto de Psicología Jurídica y Forense, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Sandra Siria
- Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - José J López-Goñi
- Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
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Hoskins N, Kunkel A. "I Didn't Really Have Anybody to Turn To": Barriers to Social Support and the Experiences of Male Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP5317-NP5343. [PMID: 32975463 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520961869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Social support is crucial for adapting to stress and trauma, processing adverse emotions, developing better mental health, and garnering relationship success. Yet, social support may not always be accessible to those who need it the most. Through participant observation and in-depth interviews, this study examined how men who have perpetrated intimate partner violence (IPV) perceived the availability and adequacy of social ties, as well as how they discursively constructed social support during times of childhood adversity. Results indicated a prevalence of trauma in attachment relationships, a lack of perceived social support, and persistent messages that discouraged help seeking and engendered masculine norms (e.g., self-reliance, aggression, rejection of femininity, restrictive emotionality) and communication styles. The current study illustrates how the effects of adverse childhood experiences may be exacerbated by the absence of positive social ties and adherence to masculine gender norms governing communication. Thus, the protective benefit (or the "buffering effect") of social support appears to be inaccessible for this specific population. Findings suggest so-called "batterer intervention program" groups could provide measures to increase perpetrators' sense of social support during the intervention process and work to deconstruct additional masculine gender beliefs (i.e., in addition to power and control) to alleviate some of social and psychological effects of early childhood adversity.
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Priestley S, Lee KA. Understanding IPV Perpetration Among Young Jamaican Men: The Role of Socialization and Attitudinal Factors. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP9053-NP9077. [PMID: 31189370 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519854553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the association among a number of demographic, socialization, and attitudinal factors, and intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration in a sample of young Jamaican men. We conducted bivariate and logistic regression analyses using data from the 2008 Reproductive Health Survey (RHS) administered by the Statistical Institute of Jamaica (STATIN) for the National Family Planning Board. The RHS is a nationally representative sample of Jamaican women of childbearing age and men aged 15-24 years. Findings indicated that being in a co-residential union, residing in an urban area, and having fair or poor health were significant demographic characteristics associated with IPV perpetration. Similarly, witnessing violence between parents in childhood, being physically hit after age 15 years, and having a controlling nature were significant socialization and attitudinal predictors of perpetrating recent IPV. Implications for practice, policy, and areas for further research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kerry A Lee
- University of Maryland School of Social Work, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Gilbar O, Ford J. Indirect effects of PTSD and complex PTSD in the relationship of polyvictimization with intimate partner violence victimization and perpetration among men in mandated treatment. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2020; 11:1794653. [PMID: 33408805 PMCID: PMC7747802 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1794653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Polyvictimization is associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), severe impairment, and re-victimization, including due to intimate partner violence (IPV), but polyvictmization's role in the perpetration of IPV is less clear. Objective: To examine the indirect effect of PTSD and complex PTSD in the relationship between polyvictimization and IPV perpetration. Method: Polyvictims were identified by cluster analysis of self-reported lifetime victimization history data in a random national sample (N = 234) of men at 66 clinical treatment centers for domestic violence perpetrators in Israel. Results: Four sub-groups were identified: low exposure to abuse and physical neglect (C1, N = 105), and three polyvictim sub-groups characterized by multiple forms of past exposure to neglect and verbal abuse (C2, N = 38), to verbal and physical abuse without neglect (C3, N = 46), or to neglect and both verbal and physical abuse (C4, N = 28). Participants also were characterized as having low exposure to traumatic events across the lifespan (cluster L5, N=156), or high exposure to traumatic events across the lifespan (cluster L6, N=78). Complex PTSD symptoms had an indirect effect in the relationship between membership in the C3 and C4 polyvictimization clusters (β=.45, p<.05, β=.60, p<.05; respectively) and severity of psychological IPV victimization, as well as between C3 polyvictimization cluster membership and severity of psychological IPV perpetration (β=.32, p<.05). In contrast, PTSD symptoms had no indirect effect in any relationship between cluster membership and IPV outcomes. High lifetime trauma exposure also was directly associated with sexual IPV victimization. Conclusions: Complex PTSD may be a mechanism linking polyvictimization to the severity of both IPV victimization and perpetration. Clinical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohad Gilbar
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Julian Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
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Domoney J, Trevillion K. Breaking the cycle of intergenerational abuse: A qualitative interview study of men participating in a perinatal program to reduce violence. Infant Ment Health J 2020; 42:206-221. [PMID: 32816315 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Domestic violence and abuse in the perinatal period leads to long-term adverse outcomes for infants, including a greater risk of becoming victims or perpetrators of violence in adulthood. Examining men's beliefs about fatherhood and violence, and their motivations for engaging in programs to reduce violence, is essential to understand how interventions can impact on behavior and break intergenerational cycles of abuse. The aim of this study was to explore the experience of becoming a father in a sample of men who are taking part in a whole-family perinatal program to reduce violence-For Baby's Sake. Ten men who had engaged with For Baby's Sake were interviewed about their experiences and beliefs around fatherhood. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Four themes were identified: making sense of violent behavior, conceptions of fatherhood, an emotional transition, and breaking the cycle. The data provide a unique insight into men's beliefs and behaviors at this transition point in their lives. This can aid the development of interventions aimed at breaking the cycle of abuse, indicating ways to harness the motivation for a new start and support men to overcome unhelpful behavior patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Domoney
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Kylee Trevillion
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
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Gilbar O. Examining the boundaries between ICD-11 PTSD/CPTSD and depression and anxiety symptoms: A network analysis perspective. J Affect Disord 2020; 262:429-439. [PMID: 31744734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two newly identified sibling disorders - ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD - have been well validated in the last few years. Although these trauma-related disorders are suggested to be neatly separated from depression and anxiety, no study has used a network analysis to examine those definitions' construct validity when they also interplay with symptoms of depression and anxiety. Additionally, no research has focused upon the specific boundaries between these four disorders' symptoms, the bridges between them, and the ways they influence each other among clinical populations. METHODS A sample of 234 men drawn randomly from a national sample of 1,600 Jewish men receiving treatment for domestic violence in Israel completed the ICD-11 International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). RESULTS The ICD-11 CPTSD, depression and anxiety clustering network results revealed, within the EGA, a four-cluster solution in which PTSD and CPTSD symptoms are differentiated from two other distinct clusters of anxiety and depression symptoms. Feelings of worthlessness and avoiding internal reminders of the experience were the most central symptoms. LIMITATIONS Due to the use of a cross-sectional design, causal interpretation of the network correlation between symptoms should be made cautiously. CONCLUSIONS These findings strengthen the approach that ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD have a distinct construct; however, they also reflect a strong positive connection to anxiety and depression symptoms and no clear boundaries between disorders. Specifically, dysphoria/avoidance-related symptoms act as a bridge between the disorders, which may be important targets for specific assessments and related interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohad Gilbar
- Boston University, VA Medical Center, Boston, United States; The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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Gilbar O, Dekel R, Hyland P, Cloitre M. The role of complex posttraumatic stress symptoms in the association between exposure to traumatic events and severity of intimate partner violence. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 98:104174. [PMID: 31563703 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symptoms of both posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and disturbances in self-organization (DSO) have been suggested to play a role in the association between an individual's childhood physical abuse and neglect and his/her perpetration of IPV in adulthood; however, the two have yet to be studied in one model. Thus, we aimed to examine the interrelations among childhood exposure to violence and physical neglect, exposure to trauma across one's lifetime, ICD-11 CPTSD symptoms (i.e., PTSD and DSO), and IPV severity. METHODS Participants were 234 men drawn randomly from a national sample of 1600 mandated men receiving treatment for domestic violence in Israel. They completed measures of potentially traumatic exposure, symptoms of CPTSD, child abuse and neglect, and IPV. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine possible direct and indirect effects of the study variables. RESULTS Results confirmed the indirect role of CPTSD symptoms in the association between the following types of traumatic exposure - childhood exposure to violence (B = .03, β = .05, SE = .01, p = .05, CI 90% [.041, .143]), childhood exposure to physical neglect (B = .04, β = .04, SE = .02, p < .01, CI 90% [.014, .092]), and lifetime exposure to potentially traumatic events, or PTEs (B = .04, β = .09, SE = .01, p < .001, CI 90% [.006, .074]) - and the perpetration of psychological IPV as an adult. No significant results were found in relation to the perpetration of physical IPV. CONCLUSIONS The current cross-sectional study findings suggest a preliminary direction regarding the possible direct and indirect effects of ICD-11CPTSD on the severity of IPV psychological perpetration. The clinical implications include the need to focus on both PTSD and DSO symptoms in order to help reduce these potential risk factors for psychological IPV perpetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohad Gilbar
- Boston University, National Center for PTSD, VA Medical Center, Boston, USA; The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
| | - Rachel Dekel
- The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
| | - Philip Hyland
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland.
| | - Marylene Cloitre
- National Center for PTSD Dissemination and Training Division, VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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McDonald SE, Collins EA, Maternick A, Nicotera N, Graham-Bermann S, Ascione FR, Williams JH. Intimate Partner Violence Survivors' Reports of Their Children's Exposure to Companion Animal Maltreatment: A Qualitative Study. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2019; 34:2627-2652. [PMID: 29294633 PMCID: PMC5904016 DOI: 10.1177/0886260516689775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Children living in households where intimate partner violence (IPV) is present are at increased risk of being exposed to concomitant maltreatment of companion animals. Recent research suggests that childhood exposure to maltreatment of companion animals is associated with compromised socioemotional well-being in childhood and adulthood. To date, there is a dearth of qualitative research examining how children experience animal maltreatment in the context of IPV. The current qualitative study explored the following research question in an ethnically diverse sample of IPV survivors: How do maternal caregivers convey the ways in which their children experience animal maltreatment in IPV-affected households? Sixty-five women with at least one child (age 7-12 years) were recruited from domestic violence agencies and described their child(ren)'s experiences of animal maltreatment in the home. Template analysis was used to analyze interview data (KALPHA = .90). Three themes emerged related to children's experiences of animal maltreatment: (a) direct exposure to animal maltreatment and related threats, (b) emotional and behavioral responses to animal maltreatment exposure, and (c) animal maltreatment as coercive control of the child. Results suggest that children's exposure to animal maltreatment is multifaceted and may exacerbate children's risk of negative psychosocial outcomes in the context of co-occurring IPV. Intervention programs designed to assist children exposed to IPV should consider the extent of children's awareness of the abuse of their pets and their strong and deleterious reactions to it.
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Kazemi K, Allahverdipour H, Pourrazavi S, Nadrian H, Asghari Jafarabadi M. What psycho-social factors determine intimate partner violence of men against women? A social cognitive theory-based study. Health Care Women Int 2018; 40:1197-1211. [PMID: 30247987 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2018.1495722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite the multidimensionality of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women, there is a lack of research on the perspectives of men toward the phenomenon. Our aim in this cross-sectional study was to examine the predictability of social cognitive theory in explaining men's violent behaviors against women. We find among a sample of 576 Iranian married men showed a reciprocal determinism between outcome expectancy, attitude toward IPV, and observational learning in formation of men's IPV against women. Therefore, the interactive associations of cognitive and environmental factors, as a comprehensive approach, should be considered while studying the determinants of IPV against women among men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Kazemi
- Department of Health Education & Promotion, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Allahverdipour
- Department of Health Education & Promotion, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Clinical Psychiatry Research Center, Department of Health Education & Promotion, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sara Pourrazavi
- Department of Health Education & Promotion, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Haidar Nadrian
- Department of Health Education & Promotion, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Gennari M, Tamanza G, Molgora S. Intimate Partner Violence and Child Custody Evaluation: A Model for Preliminary Clinical Intervention. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1471. [PMID: 30174634 PMCID: PMC6107842 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Intimate partner violence is defined by the World Health Organization as “any behavior within an intimate relationship that causes physical, psychological, or sexual harm to those in the relationship” and it refers to a specific relationship dynamic. In recent decades, an increasing number of studies have focused on this phenomenon, considering its exponential growth over time. Many studies have focused on risk factors for violence within the couple relationship. This paper specifically analyses the association between violence and separation or divorce. Although many interventions have been developed over the years, the effectiveness of extant interventions on violent behaviors is not yet empirically supported. Since clinical experience allows to affirm that both partners can be involved in treatment for intimate partner violence especially during mandated proceedings, the present study focuses on domestic violence in separated couples involved in a child custody evaluation process. In this case, literature supports the need for individualized assessment in order to promote the best intervention according to the specific conditions of each partner, whether the battered one or the perpetrator. However, little research has been done on child custody evaluation in the presence of violent couples. The aim of the present study is to present a model of couple clinical intervention with a separated violent couple in the context of a child custody evaluation. This model can be defined as relational-intergenerational and its main aim is to understand the exchange between familial generations and to search for factors that safeguard and care for family relations. Furthermore, according also to the therapeutic assessment approach, there is an intrinsic connection between assessment and “family transformative potential.” This paper presents the specific working methodology underlying this model, through the description of a single clinical case. In particular, the proposed model provides a multi-dimensional assessment comprising three levels: individual, evaluating parents' history through representations, thoughts, and feelings; interpersonal, investigating the different relations; discussion and dialogue with the parental couple about findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialuisa Gennari
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Tamanza
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Molgora
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
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Bowen K, Jarrett M, Stahl D, Forrester A, Valmaggia L. The relationship between exposure to adverse life events in childhood and adolescent years and subsequent adult psychopathology in 49,163 adult prisoners: A systematic review. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mancera BM, Mungal AS, De Santis J, Provencio-Vasquez E. Reflections of Men of Mexican Origin: A Grounded Theory Study of Intimate Partner Violence Risk Factors. Am J Mens Health 2018; 12:1784-1798. [PMID: 30014754 PMCID: PMC6142126 DOI: 10.1177/1557988318787617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a societal problem with many repercussions for the health care and judicial systems. In the United States, women of color are frequently affected by IPV and experience negative, physical, and mental ramifications. Increasing IPV perpetration and perpetration recurrence rates among men of Mexican origin (MMO) warrants a better understanding of unique risk factors that can only be described by these men. Qualitative studies regarding MMO and distinct IPV risk factors among this populace are few and infrequent. The purpose of this study was to describe IPV risk factors among men of MMO and to describe the process by which these men are able to overcome IPV perpetration risk factors. Fifty-six men of Mexican origin from a low-income housing community in far-west Texas were recruited for participation in audiotaped focus groups. Grounded theory (GT) methodology techniques were utilized to analyze, translate, and transcribe focus group data. Data collection ended when saturation occurred. Participants described risk factors for IPV. Emerging themes included: environment as a context, societal view of MMO, family of origin, normalcy, male and female contributing factors to IPV, and breaking through. Theme abstractions led to the midrange theory of Change Through Inspired Self-Reflection which describes the process of how MMO move from IPV perpetration to nonviolence. The results of the study provide insight on what MMO believe are IPV risk factors. There are implications for clinicians who provide services to MMO, and provide the impetus for future research among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana M. Mancera
- Director, Community Engagement, Border Biomedical Research Center at The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Angus Shiva Mungal
- Assistant Professor, The University of Texas at El Paso, Educational Leadership and Foundations, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Joseph De Santis
- Associate Professor, University of Miami Coral Gables, School of Nursing and Health Studies, Research Professor, UTEP School of Nursing, Coral Gables, FL, USA
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Gilbar O, Hyland P, Cloitre M, Dekel R. ICD-11 complex PTSD among Israeli male perpetrators of intimate partner violence: Construct validity and risk factors. J Anxiety Disord 2018; 54:49-56. [PMID: 29421372 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The International Classification of Diseases 11th Version (ICD-11) will include Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD) as a unique diagnostic entity comprising core PTSD and DSO (disturbances in self-organization) symptoms. The current study had three aims: (1) assessing the validity of CPTSD in a unique population of male perpetrators of intimate partner violence; (2) examining whether exposure to different types of traumatic events would be associated with the two proposed CPTSD factors, namely PTSD or DSO; and (3) assessing the differential association of various sociodemographic and symptom characteristics with each factor. Participants were 234 males drawn randomly from a sample of 2600 men receiving treatment at 66 domestic violence centers in Israel. Data were collected using the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) - Hebrew version. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the factorial validity of ICD-11 CPTSD. Cumulative lifetime trauma and physical childhood neglect were associated with PTSD and DSO, while cumulative childhood violence exposure was associated only with DSO. Anxiety was associated only with DSO; depression more strongly with DSO than PTSD. Religious level contributed only to PTSD; compulsory military service only to DSO. The study supports the distinction between PTSD and DSO in the CPTSD construct and introduces the role of cultural variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohad Gilbar
- The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
| | - Philip Hyland
- National College of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Marylene Cloitre
- National Center for PTSD Dissemination and Training Division, VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States.
| | - Rachel Dekel
- The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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16
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Hayward RA, Honegger L, Hammock AC. Risk and Protective Factors for Family Violence among Low-Income Fathers: Implications for Violence Prevention and Fatherhood Programs. SOCIAL WORK 2018; 63:57-66. [PMID: 29140526 DOI: 10.1093/sw/swx053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade there has been an increased focus on improving father engagement to improve child and family outcomes. Recent research suggests that child and family outcomes improve with increased fatherhood engagement. This exploratory study examined risk and protective factors associated with approval of family violence among a sample of low-income fathers (N = 686) enrolled in a responsible fatherhood program. The program goals include increasing father involvement and economic stability and encouraging healthy relationships-with a focus on preventing intimate partner violence. Toward these aims, this study explored factors associated with fathers' self-reported approval of family violence. Understanding the prevalence of risk and protective factors in this population and factors associated with fathers' potential for family violence is important in developing programs to address responsible fatherhood and healthy relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Anna Hayward
- R. Anna Hayward, PhD, is associate professor, School of Social Welfare, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook University, HSC Level 2 Room 093-E, Stony Brook, NY 11794; e-mail: . Laura Honegger, PhD, is assistant professor, University of St. Francis, Joliet, IL. Amy Cristina Hammock, PhD, MSW, is assistant professor, School of Social Welfare, and core faculty member, Program in Public Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Laura Honegger
- R. Anna Hayward, PhD, is associate professor, School of Social Welfare, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook University, HSC Level 2 Room 093-E, Stony Brook, NY 11794; e-mail: . Laura Honegger, PhD, is assistant professor, University of St. Francis, Joliet, IL. Amy Cristina Hammock, PhD, MSW, is assistant professor, School of Social Welfare, and core faculty member, Program in Public Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Amy Cristina Hammock
- R. Anna Hayward, PhD, is associate professor, School of Social Welfare, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook University, HSC Level 2 Room 093-E, Stony Brook, NY 11794; e-mail: . Laura Honegger, PhD, is assistant professor, University of St. Francis, Joliet, IL. Amy Cristina Hammock, PhD, MSW, is assistant professor, School of Social Welfare, and core faculty member, Program in Public Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
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17
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MacIsaac MB, Bugeja L, Weiland T, Dwyer J, Selvakumar K, Jelinek GA. Prevalence and Characteristics of Interpersonal Violence in People Dying From Suicide in Victoria, Australia. Asia Pac J Public Health 2017; 30:36-44. [DOI: 10.1177/1010539517743615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Victims of interpersonal violence are known to be at increased risk of suicidal ideation and attempts; however, few data exist on the impact that violence has on the risk of death from suicide. This study examined 2153 suicides (1636 males and 517 females) occurring between 2009 and 2012. Information was sourced from the Coroners Court of Victoria’s Suicide Register, a detailed database containing information on all Victorian suicides. Forty-two percent of women who died from suicide had a history of exposure to interpersonal violence, with 23% having been a victim of physical violence, 18% suffering psychological violence, and 16% experiencing sexual abuse. A large number of men who died from suicide had also been exposed to interpersonal violence, many of whom had perpetrated violence within the 6 weeks prior to their death. Targeted prevention, particularly removing barriers for men to seek help early after perpetrating violence is likely to have benefits in preventing suicide in both men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B MacIsaac
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Emergency Practice Innovation Centre, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lyndal Bugeja
- Coroners Court of Victoria, Southbank, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tracey Weiland
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Emergency Practice Innovation Centre, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeremy Dwyer
- Coroners Court of Victoria, Southbank, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kav Selvakumar
- Coroners Court of Victoria, Southbank, Victoria, Australia
| | - George A Jelinek
- Neuroepidemiology Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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18
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LaMotte AD, Taft CT, Weatherill RP. Mistrust of others as a mediator of the relationship between trauma exposure and use of partner aggression. PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA-THEORY RESEARCH PRACTICE AND POLICY 2017; 8:535-540. [PMID: 27348070 DOI: 10.1037/tra0000157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prior research indicates a connection between the experience of trauma and use of intimate partner aggression (IPA), but little work has focused on core cognitive schemas that can be influenced by trauma. In the current study, we examine the cognitive schema of mistrust in others as a mediator of the relationship between trauma exposure and IPA use. This schema may lead to IPA through distorted social information processing that can escalate relationship conflict. METHOD The sample consisted of 83 heterosexual community couples. All variables were assessed via written questionnaires, and IPA frequency was calculated by incorporating both partners' reports on each member of the couple. RESULTS For males, mistrust significantly mediated the relationships between trauma exposure and both physical and psychological IPA use. For females, mistrust did not mediate the significant relationship between trauma exposure and IPA use. In analyses using the actor-partner interdependence model, both actor and partner mistrust uniquely predicted physical and psychological IPA use. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the study suggest the importance of examining core schemas that may underlie trauma reactions and use of IPA. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D LaMotte
- Behavioral Science Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System
| | - Casey T Taft
- Behavioral Science Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System
| | - Robin P Weatherill
- Behavioral Science Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System
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19
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McDonald SE, Dmitrieva J, Shin S, Hitti SA, Graham-Bermann SA, Ascione FR, Williams JH. The role of callous/unemotional traits in mediating the association between animal abuse exposure and behavior problems among children exposed to intimate partner violence. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2017; 72:421-432. [PMID: 28918233 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Children exposed to intimate partner violence are at increased risk for concomitant exposure to maltreatment of companion animals. There is emerging evidence that childhood exposure to maltreatment of companion animals is associated with psychopathology in childhood and adulthood. However, few studies have explored developmental factors that might help to explain pathways from animal maltreatment exposure to children's maladjustment. The present study addresses this gap in the literature by examining relations between children's exposure to animal maltreatment, callous/unemotional traits (i.e., callousness, uncaring traits, and unemotional traits), and externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. A sample of 291 ethnically diverse children (55% Latino or Hispanic) between the ages of 7 and 12 was recruited from community-based domestic violence services. A meditational path model indicated that child exposure to animal maltreatment was associated with callousness (β=0.14), which in turn was associated with greater internalizing (β=0.32) and externalizing problems (β=0.47). The effect of animal maltreatment exposure on externalizing problems was mediated through callousness. Results suggest that callous/unemotional traits are a potential mechanism through which childhood exposure to animal maltreatment influences subsequent behavior problems. Future research is needed to evaluate the extent to which exposure to animal maltreatment affects children's adjustment over time in the context of other co-occurring adverse childhood experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Dmitrieva
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Sunny Shin
- School of Social Work, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Stephanie A Hitti
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | | | - Frank R Ascione
- Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
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20
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Mancera BM, Dorgo S, Provencio-Vasquez E. Risk Factors for Hispanic Male Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration. Am J Mens Health 2017; 11:969-983. [PMID: 25891392 PMCID: PMC5675314 DOI: 10.1177/1557988315579196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature review analyzed 24 studies that explored male intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration risk factors among men, in particular Hispanics, using the socioecological model framework composed of four socioecological levels for violence prevention. Six databases were reviewed within the EBSCO search engine for articles published from 2000 to 2014. Articles reviewed were specific to risk factors for IPV perpetration among Hispanic men, focusing particularly on Mexican American men. Many key factors have previously been associated with risk for IPV perpetration; however, certain determinants are unique to Hispanics such as acculturation, acculturation stress, and delineated gender roles that include Machismo and Marianismo. These risk factors should be incorporated in future targeted prevention strategies and efforts and capitalize on the positive aspects of each to serve as protective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandor Dorgo
- The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
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21
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Bernardi J, Day A, Bowen E. Brief Report: Associations Between Self-Reported Paternal Relationships, Anger, Alcohol, and Intimate Partner Violence in a Prison Sample. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2017; 61:1063-1070. [PMID: 26449775 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x15609558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the association between family relationships, anger, alcohol use, and self-reported intimate partner violence (IPV). Participants were 55 male prisoners who completed a survey about their family relationships, anger, alcohol use, and aggression. Exposure to parental IPV predicted rates of self-reported perpetration of IPV, suggesting the importance of understanding more about the developmental pathways to IPV if effective prevention, intervention, and assessment strategies are to be developed for use with this high-risk population.
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22
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Gonzalez-Mendez R, Yanes JM, Ramírez-Santana G. Witnessing Partner Violence: Exploring the Role of Partner Preferences on Dating Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2017; 32:1235-1248. [PMID: 26037812 DOI: 10.1177/0886260515588533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Research has shown that witnessing partner violence (WPV) increases the likelihood of experiencing or perpetrating violence in later romantic relationships, but little is known about the mechanisms underlying this process. This study examines the relationships between preference for unsuitable partners and teen dating violence (TDV) among adolescents who have witnessed parental violence or not. Attachment was also considered. Participants were 356 adolescents, both witnesses and non-witnesses of partner violence. Results showed no difference in preferences (for good, risky, or loving partners) between the two groups. However, preference for unsuitable partners did significantly predict TDV perpetration and victimization, but only among witnesses. Also, loving-partner preference moderates the relationship between WPV and TDV perpetration among highly avoidant witnesses. Findings indicate a new avenue for prevention through targeting partner preferences.
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23
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Fowler DR, Cantos AL, Miller SA. Exposure to violence, typology, and recidivism in a probation sample of domestic violence perpetrators. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2016; 59:66-77. [PMID: 27521763 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the predictive utility of self-reported domestic violence perpetrators' exposure to violence in their family of origin and patterns related to this exposure through the use of longitudinal analyses on a sample of 228 men on probation in Lake County, Illinois. Differences in typology, recidivism, recidivism frequency, and violent behavior survival patterns in men with a history of domestic violence perpetration and with varying levels of family of origin violence exposure were examined. Findings suggest that those who witnessed interparental violence (either alone, or in combination with experiencing violence) were most likely to be classified as Generally Violent offenders (e.g., perpetrators who direct violence toward their family and others), compared to those who did not report experiencing or witnessing violence. In addition, results also indicate that men who experienced both witnessing interparental violence and receiving physical abuse in childhood were more likely to recidivate more frequently compared to those who did not report experiencing or witnessing violence. No significant findings for typology and recidivism were noted. Clinical and policy/practice implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew R Fowler
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Science, United States.
| | - Arthur L Cantos
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Science, United States; Universidad Carlos Albizu & Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, United States
| | - Steven A Miller
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Science, United States
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24
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Miller J. A Specification of the Types of Intimate Partner Violence Experienced by Women in the General Population. Violence Against Women 2016; 12:1105-31. [PMID: 17090689 DOI: 10.1177/1077801206293501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzes data from a national, general population sample of respondents (National Violence Against Women Survey) to estimate the prevalence of the different forms of intimate partner violence (IPV) that women experience in the United States. The study's purpose, to differentiate types of IPV, follows the Johnson and Ferraro tradition that distinguishes occasional and random acts of abuse from chronic and controlling forms of violence. When examining the specific types of IPV that the survey respondents disclosed, the author finds that the distribution closely resembles Gordon's epidemiological findings. This study analyzed the variance in the number of types of IPV as a function of the childhood abuse the women experienced and their partner's controlling and threatening behaviors. It concludes with a discussion of the multiple responses to IPV that are necessary in contemporary U.S. society.
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25
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Dowgwillo EA, Ménard KS, Krueger RF, Pincus AL. DSM-5 Pathological Personality Traits and Intimate Partner Violence Among Male and Female College Students. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2016; 31:416-437. [PMID: 27076395 DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-14-00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine associations between pathological personality traits identified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed., DSM-5) Section III alternative model of personality disorder (using the Personality Inventory for DSM-5; PID-5) and intimate partner violence (IPV; using the Conflict Tactics Scale [CTS]) in a sample of male (N = 1,106) and female (N = 1,338) college students. In this sample, self and partner perpetration of CTS Relationship Violence and CTS Negotiation tactics loaded onto 2 separate factors. The PID-5 facets and domains were differentially associated with these factors for both men and women. Facets and domains explained 10.1%-16.1% and 5.8%-10.6% of the variance in CTS Relationship Violence tactics, respectively. For both genders, detachment was positively associated with relationship violence. Antagonism was uniquely associated with relationship violence for women, whereas disinhibition was uniquely associated with relationship violence for men. Associations with lower level pathological personality facets were also examined. Overall, results indicate that DSM-5 pathological personality traits are associated with IPV reported by both men and women.
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26
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Petering R. Sexual risk, substance use, mental health, and trauma experiences of gang-involved homeless youth. J Adolesc 2016; 48:73-81. [PMID: 26897432 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the associations of sexual risk behaviors, substance use, mental health, and trauma with varying levels of gang involvement in a sample of Los Angeles-based homeless youths. Data were collected from 505 homeless youths who self-reported various health information and whether they have ever identified as or been closely affiliated with a gang member. Multivariable logistic regression assessed associations of lifetime gang involvement with risk taking behaviors and negative health outcomes. Results revealed seventeen percent of youths have ever identified as a gang member and 46% as gang affiliated. Both gang members and affiliates were at greater risk of many negative behaviors than non-gang involved youths. Gang members and affiliates were more likely to report recent methamphetamine use, cocaine use, chronic marijuana use, having sex while intoxicated, and symptoms of depression, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. They were also more likely to have experienced childhood sexual abuse and witnessing family violence. Gang members were more likely to ever attempt suicide, experience recent partner violence, and report physical abuse during childhood. Results suggest that lifetime gang involvement is related to a trajectory of negative outcomes and amplified risk for youths experiencing homelessness. Additionally, being closely connected to a gang member appears to have just as much as an impact on risk as personally identifying as a gang member. Given the lack of knowledge regarding the intersection between youth homelessness and gang involvement, future research is needed to inform policies and programs that can address the specific needs of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Petering
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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27
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Ismayilova L. Spousal Violence in 5 Transitional Countries: A Population-Based Multilevel Analysis of Individual and Contextual Factors. Am J Public Health 2015; 105:e12-22. [PMID: 26378858 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2015.302779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES I examined the individual- and community-level factors associated with spousal violence in post-Soviet countries. METHODS I used population-based data from the Demographic and Health Survey conducted between 2005 and 2012. My sample included currently married women of reproductive age (n = 3932 in Azerbaijan, n = 4053 in Moldova, n = 1932 in Ukraine, n = 4361 in Kyrgyzstan, and n = 4093 in Tajikistan). I selected respondents using stratified multistage cluster sampling. Because of the nested structure of the data, multilevel logistic regressions for survey data were fitted to examine factors associated with spousal violence in the last 12 months. RESULTS Partner's problem drinking was the strongest risk factor associated with spousal violence in all 5 countries. In Moldova, Ukraine, and Kyrgyzstan, women with greater financial power than their spouses were more likely to experience violence. Effects of community economic deprivation and of empowerment status of women in the community on spousal violence differed across countries. Women living in communities with a high tolerance of violence faced a higher risk of spousal violence in Moldova and Ukraine. In more traditional countries (Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan), spousal violence was lower in conservative communities with patriarchal gender beliefs or higher financial dependency on husbands. CONCLUSIONS My findings underscore the importance of examining individual risk factors in the context of community-level factors and developing individual- and community-level interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Ismayilova
- Leyla Ismayilova is with the School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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28
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Birkley EL, Eckhardt CI. Anger, hostility, internalizing negative emotions, and intimate partner violence perpetration: A meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2015; 37:40-56. [PMID: 25752947 PMCID: PMC4385442 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prior reviews have identified elevated trait anger as a risk factor for intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration. Given that 10 years have passed since the last comprehensive review of this literature, we provide an updated meta-analytic review examining associations among anger, hostility, internalizing negative emotions, and IPV for male and female perpetrators. One hundred and five effect sizes from 64 independent samples (61 studies) were included for analysis. IPV perpetration was moderately associated with the constructs of anger, hostility, and internalizing negative emotions. This association appeared stronger for those who perpetrated moderate to severe IPV compared to those who perpetrated low to moderate IPV, and did not vary across perpetrator sex, measurement method, relationship type, or perpetrator population. Implications and limitations of findings were reviewed in the context of theoretical models of IPV, and future directions for empirical and clinical endeavors were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Birkley
- Purdue University, Department of Psychological Sciences, 703 Third Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Christopher I Eckhardt
- Purdue University, Department of Psychological Sciences, 703 Third Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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29
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Eriksson L, Mazerolle P. A cycle of violence? Examining family-of-origin violence, attitudes, and intimate partner violence perpetration. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2015; 30:945-64. [PMID: 24997102 DOI: 10.1177/0886260514539759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to violence in the family-of-origin has consistently been linked to intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration in adulthood. However, whether the transmission of violence across generations is role- and gender-specific still remains unclear. The current study examined the effects of experiencing child abuse and observing parental violence on IPV perpetration among a sample of male arrestees (N = 303). The differential effects of observing violence perpetrated by same-sex (father to mother), opposite-sex (mother to father), and both parents on subsequent IPV perpetration were examined. Logistic regression analyses showed that while observing father-only violence and bidirectional interparental violence was predictive of IPV perpetration, observing mother-only violence and direct experiences of child abuse was not. These findings suggest that the transmission of violence across generations is both role- and gender-specific and highlight the importance of examining unique dimensions of partner violence to assess influences on children. The study further examined whether attitudes justifying wife beating mediate the effect of exposure to violence and subsequent IPV perpetration. Results showed that although attitudes were predictive of perpetration, these attitudes did not mediate the relationship.
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30
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Stewart LA, Power J. Profile and programming needs of federal offenders with histories of intimate partner violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2014; 29:2723-2747. [PMID: 24664249 DOI: 10.1177/0886260514526059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study presents data on male perpetrators of domestic violence (DV) in the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) using two samples: (a) a snapshot of all male offenders in CSC who had been assessed for DV (n = 15,166) and (b) a cumulative sample of male offenders in CSC from 2002-2010 who had been assessed as moderate or high risk for further DV (n = 4,261) DV offenders were compared to a cohort sample of non-DV offenders (n = 4,261). Analyses were disaggregated for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal offenders. Results indicated that 40% of the federal male population had a suspected history of DV and were therefore screened in for in-depth DV risk assessment. Of these, 45% were assessed as moderate or high risk for future DV. DV offenders had higher risk and criminogenic need ratings, more learning disabilities, more mental health problems, and more extensive criminal histories than those without DV histories. Aboriginal DV offenders had high levels of alcohol dependence, suggesting a need for substance abuse treatment as part of DV programming. Most federal offenders with DV histories would be described as belonging to the Antisocial/Generalized Aggressive typology and, therefore, adhering to the Risk-Need-Responsivity principles of the effective correctional literature, cognitive-behavioral treatment that focuses on teaching skills of self-management, and changing attitudes supporting relationship violence would be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn A Stewart
- Correctional Services of Canada, Research Branch, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jenelle Power
- Corectional Services of Canada, Research Branch, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada and Carleton University, Ottawa
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31
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Manning LG, Davies PT, Cicchetti D. Interparental violence and childhood adjustment: how and why maternal sensitivity is a protective factor. Child Dev 2014; 85:2263-78. [PMID: 25132541 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study examined sensitive parenting as a protective factor in relations between interparental violence (IPV) and children's coping and psychological adjustment. Using a multimethod approach, a high-risk sample of 201 two-year-olds and their mothers participated in three annual waves of data collection. Moderator analyses revealed that sensitive parenting buffered the risk posed by IPV on children's changes in externalizing and prosocial development over a 2-year period. Tests of mediated moderation further indicated that sensitive parenting protected children from the vulnerability of growing up in a violent home through its association with lower levels of children's angry reactivity to interparental conflict. Results highlight the significance of identifying the mechanisms that mediate protective factors in models of family adversity.
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32
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Hoyt T, Wray AM, Rielage JK. Preliminary investigation of the roles of military background and posttraumatic stress symptoms in frequency and recidivism of intimate partner violence perpetration among court-referred men. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2014; 29:1094-110. [PMID: 24212979 DOI: 10.1177/0886260513506058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Significant rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration have been identified among men with military backgrounds. Research indicates posttraumatic stress symptoms place military men at increased risk for IPV perpetration, but may be negatively associated with IPV among nonmilitary samples. However, no previous studies have directly compared court-referred IPV offenders with and without military experience, which may have clinical implications if posttraumatic stress symptoms are differentially associated with IPV perpetration across these two samples. Twenty court-referred IPV offenders with military background were demographically matched with 40 court-referred IPV offenders without military background. As anticipated, self- and partner-report of physically assaultive acts and injurious acts during baseline assessment showed significantly greater physical assault and injury perpetrated by offenders with military background. However, 1-year follow-up data on convictions indicated a significantly lower rate of recidivism among offenders with military background than among nonmilitary offenders. As hypothesized, symptoms of posttraumatic stress at intake showed a significant positive correlation with IPV perpetration among offenders with military background; however, this relationship showed a negative correlation among offenders without military background. Clinical implications are discussed including treatment avenues, such as Veterans Courts and other incarceration diversion programs, which may be particularly appropriate for offenders with military backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Hoyt
- Madigan Army Medical Center-Tacoma, WA, USA
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Widom CS, Czaja S, Dutton MA. Child abuse and neglect and intimate partner violence victimization and perpetration: a prospective investigation. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2014; 38:650-63. [PMID: 24325940 PMCID: PMC4035378 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the extent to which abused and neglected children report intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and perpetration when followed up into middle adulthood. Using data from a prospective cohort design study, children (ages 0-11) with documented histories of physical and sexual abuse and/or neglect (n=497) were matched with children without such histories (n=395) and assessed in adulthood (Mage=39.5). Prevalence, number, and variety of four types of IPV (psychological abuse, physical violence, sexual violence, and injury) were measured. Over 80% of both groups - childhood abuse and neglect (CAN) and controls - reported some form of IPV victimization during the past year (most commonly psychological abuse) and about 75% of both groups reported perpetration of IPV toward their partner. Controlling for age, sex, and race, overall CAN [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=1.60, 95% CI [1.03, 2.49]], physical abuse (AOR=2.52, 95% CI [1.17, 5.40]), and neglect (AOR=1.64, 95% CI [1.04, 2.59]) predicted increased risk for being victimized by a partner via physical injury. CAN and neglect also predicted being victimized by a greater number and variety of IPV acts. CAN and control groups did not differ in reports of perpetration of IPV, although neglect predicted greater likelihood of perpetrating physical injury to a partner, compared to controls. Abused/neglected females were more likely to report being injured by their partner, whereas maltreated males did not. This study found that child maltreatment increases risk for the most serious form of IPV involving physical injury. Increased attention should be paid to IPV (victimization and perpetration) in individuals with histories of neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Spatz Widom
- Psychology Department, John Jay College, City University of New York, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Sally Czaja
- Psychology Department, John Jay College, City University of New York, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Mary Ann Dutton
- Department of Psychiatry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Cantos AL, O’Leary KD. One Size Does Not Fit All in Treatment of Intimate Partner Violence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1891/1946-6560.5.2.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A critical examination is needed of the often mandated one-size-fits-all Duluth intervention for male perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV). The underlying philosophy of Duluth-based interventions is evaluated as well as the treatment outcome literature for this intervention. There is very little evidence to justify the current legal system practice of mandating all perpetrators to psychological interventions addressing power and control issues. A literature review of scientific findings with IPV perpetrators and the issues that need to be taken into consideration in developing alternative evidence-based interventions are presented. The evidence seems to favor heterogeneity and not homogeneity with respect to both type of perpetrator and type of violence. Assessment and treatment suggestions are made to address this evidence-based heterogeneity and a call is made to those responsible to stop perpetuating the practice of mandating all perpetrators to attend a single intervention for which there is very limited evidence of effectiveness. About two-thirds of male perpetrators of IPV cease being physically aggressive against their partners if they are assigned to a probation officer, but there is minimal evidence that the addition of a Duluth-based intervention makes perpetration less likely.
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Basile KC, Hall JE, Walters ML. Expanding Resource Theory and Feminist-Informed Theory to Explain Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration by Court-Ordered Men. Violence Against Women 2013; 19:848-80. [PMID: 23955930 DOI: 10.1177/1077801213497105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study tested resource and feminist-informed theories to explain physical, sexual, psychological, and stalking intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrated by court-mandated men. Data were obtained from 340 men arrested for physical assault of a partner before their court-ordered treatment. Using path analysis, findings provided partial support for each model. Ineffective arguing and substance-use problems were moderators of resources and perpetration. Dominance mediated early exposures and perpetration in the feminist-informed model. In both models, predictors of stalking were different than those for other types of perpetration. Future studies should replicate this research and determine the utility of combining models.
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Sins of the parents: Self-control as a buffer between supervisors' previous experience of family undermining and subordinates' perceptions of abusive supervision. LEADERSHIP QUARTERLY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mbilinyi LF, Logan-Greene PB, Neighbors C, Walker DD, Roffman RA, Zegree J. EXPOSURE TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AND CHILDHOOD EMOTIONAL ABUSE: Childhood Domestic Violence Exposure among a Community Sample of Adult Perpetrators: What Mediates the Connection? JOURNAL OF AGGRESSION, MALTREATMENT & TRAUMA 2012; 21:171-187. [PMID: 28344435 PMCID: PMC5362255 DOI: 10.1080/10926771.2012.639203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The association between childhood exposure to domestic violence and later intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration in adulthood has been well established in the literature. However, the literature examining the factors of exposure that contribute to perpetration in adulthood is fraught with mixed findings, with some studies finding a direct link between childhood domestic violence exposure and later IPV perpetration and others ruling out a link after controlling for other contextual barriers such as community violence and socioeconomic status. This study examined 124 non-treatment-seeking and unadjudicated adult male IPV perpetrators and found exposure to domestic violence in childhood contributes to the normalization of violence, which could predict future adult IPV perpetration. Practice implications are discussed, namely primary and secondary prevention of intimate partner violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyungai F Mbilinyi
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Clayton Neighbors
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Denise D Walker
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Roger A Roffman
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Joan Zegree
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Pradubmook-Sherer P. Youth attitudes toward dating violence in Thailand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2011; 55:182-206. [PMID: 20181774 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x09360659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the occurrences and intensity of psychological, physical, and sexual attitudes toward dating violence among Thai youths, and examined possible variables related to the formation of these attitudes.The random sample consisted of 1,296 male and female adolescents from high school, vocational school, and out-of-school groups. Thai youths in general reported attitudes that were supportive of dating violence. The variables more closely related to attitudes toward dating violence were personal variables. Peer influence, partner relationships, and family characteristics were related to higher support for dating violence. Females reported higher endorsement of dating violence than males. The theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed, and recommendations for policy makers are drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penchan Pradubmook-Sherer
- Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakornchaisri, Thailand.
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Adulthood stressors, history of childhood adversity, and risk of perpetration of intimate partner violence. Am J Prev Med 2011; 40:128-38. [PMID: 21238860 PMCID: PMC3023909 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2010.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than half a million U.S. women and more than 100,000 men are treated for injuries from intimate partner violence (IPV) annually, making IPV perpetration a major public health problem. However, little is known about causes of perpetration across the life course. PURPOSE This paper examines the role of "stress sensitization," whereby adult stressors increase risk for IPV perpetration most strongly in people with a history of childhood adversity. METHODS The study investigated a possible interaction effect between adulthood stressors and childhood adversities in risk of IPV perpetration, specifically, whether the difference in risk of IPV perpetration associated with past-year stressors varied by history of exposure to childhood adversity. Analyses were conducted in 2010 using de-identified data from 34,653 U.S. adults from the 2004-2005 follow-up wave of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. RESULTS There was a significant stress sensitization effect. For men with high-level childhood adversity, past-year stressors were associated with an 8.8 percentage point (pp) increased risk of perpetrating compared to a 2.3 pp increased risk among men with low-level adversity. Women with high-level childhood adversity had a 14.3 pp increased risk compared with a 2.5 pp increased risk in the low-level adversity group. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with recent stressors and histories of childhood adversity are at particularly elevated risk of IPV perpetration; therefore, prevention efforts should target this population. Treatment programs for IPV perpetrators, which have not been effective in reducing risk of perpetrating, may benefit from further investigating the role of stress and stress reactivity in perpetration.
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Witness of intimate partner violence in childhood and perpetration of intimate partner violence in adulthood. Epidemiology 2011; 21:809-18. [PMID: 20811285 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0b013e3181f39f03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At least half a million women are victims of intimate partner violence in the United States annually, resulting in substantial harm. However, the etiology of violence to intimate partners is not well understood. Witnessing such violence in childhood has been proposed as a principal cause of adulthood perpetration, yet it remains unknown whether the association between witnessing intimate partner violence and adulthood perpetration is causal. METHOD We conducted a propensity-score analysis of intimate partner violence perpetration to determine whether childhood witnessing is associated with perpetration in adulthood, independent of a wide range of potential confounding variables, and therefore might be a causal factor. We used data from 14,564 U.S. men ages 20 and older from the 2004-2005 wave of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. RESULTS Nearly 4% of men reported violent behavior toward an intimate partner in the past year. In unadjusted models, we found a strong association between childhood witnessing of intimate partner violence and adulthood perpetration (for witnessing any intimate partner violence, risk ratio [RR] = 2.6 [95% confidence interval = 2.1-3.2]; for witnessing frequent or serious violence, 3.0 [2.3-3.9]). In propensity-score models, the association was substantially attenuated (for witnessing any intimate partner violence, adjusted RR = 1.6 [1.2-2.0]; for witnessing frequent or serious violence, 1.6 [1.2-2.3]). CONCLUSIONS Men who witness intimate partner violence in childhood are more likely to commit such acts in adulthood, compared with men who are otherwise similar with respect to a large range of potential confounders. Etiological models of intimate partner violence perpetration should consider a constellation of childhood factors.
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Wolfe DA, Crooks CC, Chiodo D, Jaffe P. Child Maltreatment, Bullying, Gender-Based Harassment, and Adolescent Dating Violence: Making the Connections. PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN QUARTERLY 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-6402.2008.01469.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Learning to relate to others begins at birth and carries forward to new relationships, which is why child maltreatment and exposure to intimate partner violence have emerged as powerful risk factors for future coercive and hostile relationship patterns. Although not inevitable, it is more likely that children who are victims of maltreatment will carry forward these behavior patterns into adolescence and adulthood, thus perpetuating bullying and harassment with peers and dating partners. We examine the importance of relationships in understanding how abusive patterns of relating to others are shaped throughout childhood and adolescence and how they can be prevented. While early relationships are very important, they are not deterministic; there are ample opportunities for corrective experiences to offset negative early experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Wolfe
- CAMH Centre for Prevention Science and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto
| | | | | | - Peter Jaffe
- Faculty of Education and Centre for Research and Education on Violence Against Women and Children, The University of Western Ontario
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Francis KJ, Wolfe DA. Cognitive and emotional differences between abusive and non-abusive fathers. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2008; 32:1127-37. [PMID: 19036447 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Revised: 05/21/2008] [Accepted: 05/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abusive fathers perpetrate a substantial portion of child physical abuse. Despite this, little is known about how they differ from non-abusive fathers. This study compared a broad range of cognitive and affective factors between physically abusive and non-abusive fathers. METHODS Abusive (n=24) and non-abusive (n=25) fathers completed standard measures assessing their experience and expression of anger, mental health, parenting stress, and their empathy and perceptions of children's socio-emotional signals. RESULTS Abusive fathers differed from comparisons on almost all constructs. They experienced more anger and were more likely to express that anger aggressively. They reported more mental health concerns (such as depression, hostility, and paranoid ideation), more stress in parenting, and significantly less empathy for their children. They were also more likely to perceive children's emotional expressions as depicting negative emotions, such as anger and disgust. CONCLUSIONS Abusive fathers struggle with a myriad of difficulties that likely contribute to their problematic parenting. These difficulties are both inter- and intra-personal in nature. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The findings suggest that abusive fathers require comprehensive assessment that includes mental health screening. Interventions should be selected carefully to target abusive fathers' high levels of negative affect and negative perceptions. Treatment strategies should address problems related to parenting style (e.g., managing stress and interpretation of children's socioemotional signals) as well as their personal adjustment (e.g., cognitive behavioral strategies for regulating affect and cognitive distortions).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Francis
- McMaster Children's Hospital/McMaster University, Chedoke Site, Hamilton Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada L9C 7N4
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Covington SS, Burke C, Keaton S, Norcott C. Evaluation of a Trauma-Informed and Gender-Responsive Intervention for Women in Drug Treatment. J Psychoactive Drugs 2008; Suppl 5:387-98. [DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2008.10400666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Abstract
Prospective longitudinal studies have shown strong predictions from conduct disorders (CDs) in childhood to antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and violence in adults. However, little is known of the childhood antecedents of serious violence nor whether these may vary depending on the context in which the violence occurs. In this study, 54 men aged 21-40 years serving prison sentences for violent crime were assessed. Standardized interviews of ASPD and violence were conducted independently of interviews covering retrospective recall of childhood psychiatric disorders and adverse experiences. Analyses of the predictors of overall violence suggested a pathway involving childhood CD and adult ASPD associated with interparental discord, and an additional pathway associated with experiencing interparental violence in childhood. Different results were however obtained when account was taken of the context of the violence. The CD-ASPD pathway was associated with social violence, but not with partner violence. Partner violence was predicted by retrospective reports of having been exposed to interparental violence during childhood but not by reports of childhood CD or adult ASPD. Thus developmental pathways to serious violence may be different depending on the social domain in which the violence occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Hill
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Neighbors C, Walker DD, Roffman RA, Mbilinyi LF, Edleson JL. Self-Determination Theory and Motivational Interviewing: Complementary Models to Elicit Voluntary Engagement by Partner-Abusive Men. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FAMILY THERAPY 2008; 36:126-136. [PMID: 22593609 PMCID: PMC3351133 DOI: 10.1080/01926180701236142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Research examining intimate partner violence (IPV) has lacked a comprehensive theoretical framework for understanding and treating behavior. The authors propose two complementary models, a treatment approach (Motivational Interviewing, MI) informed by a theory (Self-Determination Theory; SDT), as a way of integrating existing knowledge and suggesting new directions in intervening early with IPV perpetrators. MI is a client-centered clinical intervention intended to assist in strengthening motivation to change and has been widely implemented in the substance abuse literature. SDT is a theory that focuses on internal versus external motivation and considers elements that impact optimal functioning and psychological well-being. These elements include psychological needs, integration of behavioral regulations, and contextual influences on motivation. Each of these aspects of SDT is described in detail and in the context of IPV etiology and intervention using motivational interviewing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton Neighbors
- University of Washington, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Seattle, Washington, USA
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