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Luo F, Zhang C, Shi Z, Mao T, Jin LH. Notch signaling promotes differentiation, cell death and autophagy in Drosophila hematopoietic system. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 173:104176. [PMID: 39168254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Notch signaling is a highly conserved pathway between mammals and Drosophila and plays a key role in various biological processes. Drosophila has emerged as a powerful model for studying hematopoiesis and leukemia. In exception to crystal cells, the strength of Notch signaling in Drosophila lymph gland cortical zone (CZ)/intermediate zone (IZ) cells is weak. However, the influence of Notch activation in the lymph gland CZ/IZ cells and circulating hemocytes on hematopoietic homeostasis maintenance is unclear. Here, we showed that Notch activation in lymph gland CZ/IZ cells induced overdifferentiation of progenitors. Moreover, Notch activation promoted lamellocyte generation via NFκB/Toll signaling activation and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, we found that Notch activation in lymph gland CZ/IZ cells and circulating hemocytes caused caspase-independent and nonautophagic cell death. However, crystal cell autophagy was activated by upregulation of the expression of the target gene of the Hippo/Yki pathway Diap1. Moreover, we showed that Notch activation could alleviate cytokine storms and improve the survival of Rasv12 leukemia model flies. Our study revealed the various mechanisms of hematopoietic dysregulation induced by Notch activation in healthy flies and the therapeutic effect of Notch activation on leukemia model flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhengqi Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Tong Mao
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Hua Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.
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2
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Huang YT, Hesting LL, Calvi BR. An unscheduled switch to endocycles induces a reversible senescent arrest that impairs growth of the Drosophila wing disc. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011387. [PMID: 39226333 PMCID: PMC11398662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
A programmed developmental switch to G / S endocycles results in tissue growth through an increase in cell size. Unscheduled, induced endocycling cells (iECs) promote wound healing but also contribute to cancer. Much remains unknown, however, about how these iECs affect tissue growth. Using the D. melanogaster wing disc as model, we find that populations of iECs initially increase in size but then subsequently undergo a heterogenous arrest that causes severe tissue undergrowth. iECs acquired DNA damage and activated a Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, but, unlike other stressed cells, were apoptosis-resistant and not eliminated from the epithelium. Instead, iECs entered a JNK-dependent and reversible senescent-like arrest. Senescent iECs promoted division of diploid neighbors, but this compensatory proliferation did not rescue tissue growth. Our study has uncovered unique attributes of iECs and their effects on tissue growth that have important implications for understanding their roles in wound healing and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Huang
- Department of Biology, Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Lauren L Hesting
- Department of Biology, Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Brian R Calvi
- Department of Biology, Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
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3
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Camilleri-Robles C, Amador R, Tiebe M, Teleman A, Serras F, Guigó R, Corominas M. Long non-coding RNAs involved in Drosophila development and regeneration. NAR Genom Bioinform 2024; 6:lqae091. [PMID: 39157585 PMCID: PMC11327875 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqae091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery of functional long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) changed their initial concept as transcriptional noise. LncRNAs have been identified as regulators of multiple biological processes, including chromatin structure, gene expression, splicing, mRNA degradation, and translation. However, functional studies of lncRNAs are hindered by the usual lack of phenotypes upon deletion or inhibition. Here, we used Drosophila imaginal discs as a model system to identify lncRNAs involved in development and regeneration. We examined a subset of lncRNAs expressed in the wing, leg, and eye disc development. Additionally, we analyzed transcriptomic data from regenerating wing discs to profile the expression pattern of lncRNAs during tissue repair. We focused on the lncRNA CR40469, which is upregulated during regeneration. We generated CR40469 mutant flies that developed normally but showed impaired wing regeneration upon cell death induction. The ability of these mutants to regenerate was restored by the ectopic expression of CR40469. Furthermore, we found that the lncRNA CR34335 has a high degree of sequence similarity with CR40469 and can partially compensate for its function during regeneration in the absence of CR40469. Our findings point to a potential role of the lncRNA CR40469 in trans during the response to damage in the wing imaginal disc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Camilleri-Robles
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Raziel Amador
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marcel Tiebe
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division B140, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aurelio A Teleman
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division B140, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florenci Serras
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Roderic Guigó
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montserrat Corominas
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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4
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Esteban-Collado J, Fernández-Mañas M, Fernández-Moreno M, Maeso I, Corominas M, Serras F. Reactive oxygen species activate the Drosophila TNF receptor Wengen for damage-induced regeneration. EMBO J 2024; 43:3604-3626. [PMID: 39020149 PMCID: PMC11377715 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00155-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs) control pleiotropic pro-inflammatory functions that range from apoptosis to cell survival. The ability to trigger a particular function will depend on the upstream cues, association with regulatory complexes, and downstream pathways. In Drosophila melanogaster, two TNFRs have been identified, Wengen (Wgn) and Grindelwald (Grnd). Although several reports associate these receptors with JNK-dependent apoptosis, it has recently been found that Wgn activates a variety of other functions. We demonstrate that Wgn is required for survival by protecting cells from apoptosis. This is mediated by dTRAF1 and results in the activation of p38 MAP kinase. Remarkably, Wgn is required for apoptosis-induced regeneration and is activated by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced following apoptosis. This ROS activation is exclusive for Wgn, but not for Grnd, and can occur after knocking down Eiger/TNFα. The extracellular cysteine-rich domain of Grnd is much more divergent than that of Wgn, which is more similar to TNFRs from other animals, including humans. Our results show a novel TNFR function that responds to stressors by ensuring p38-dependent regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Esteban-Collado
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Fernández-Mañas
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Fernández-Moreno
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Biodiversity Research (IRBio), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Maeso
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Biodiversity Research (IRBio), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Corominas
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Florenci Serras
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain.
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5
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Klemm J, Van Hazel C, Harris R. Regeneration following tissue necrosis is mediated by non-apoptotic caspase activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.26.605350. [PMID: 39091851 PMCID: PMC11291143 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.26.605350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Tissue necrosis is a devastating complication for many human diseases and injuries. Unfortunately, our understanding of necrosis and how it impacts surrounding healthy tissue - an essential consideration when developing methods to treat such injuries - has been limited by a lack of robust genetically tractable models. Our lab previously established a method to study necrosis-induced regeneration in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc, which revealed a unique phenomenon whereby cells at a distance from the injury upregulate caspase activity in a process called Necrosis-induced Apoptosis (NiA) that is vital for regeneration. Here we have further investigated this phenomenon, showing that NiA is predominantly associated with the highly regenerative pouch region of the disc, shaped by genetic factors present in the presumptive hinge. Furthermore, we find that a proportion of NiA fail to undergo apoptosis, instead surviving effector caspase activation to persist within the tissue and stimulate reparative proliferation late in regeneration. This proliferation relies on the initiator caspase Dronc, and occurs independent of JNK, ROS or mitogens associated with the previously characterized Apoptosis-induced Proliferation (AiP) mechanism. These data reveal a new means by which non-apoptotic Dronc signaling promotes regenerative proliferation in response to necrotic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Klemm
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Life Sciences E (LSE) 354, 427 Tyler Mall, Tempe, Arizona, 85287-4501
| | - Chloe Van Hazel
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Life Sciences E (LSE) 354, 427 Tyler Mall, Tempe, Arizona, 85287-4501
| | - Robin Harris
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Life Sciences E (LSE) 354, 427 Tyler Mall, Tempe, Arizona, 85287-4501
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6
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Samantsidis GR, Kwon H, Wendland M, Fonder C, Smith RC. TNF signaling mediates cellular immune function and promotes malaria parasite killing in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.02.592209. [PMID: 38746363 PMCID: PMC11092648 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.02.592209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) is a proinflammatory cytokine and a master regulator of immune cell function in vertebrates. While previous studies have implicated TNF signaling in invertebrate immunity, the roles of TNF in mosquito innate immunity and vector competence have yet to be explored. Herein, we confirm the identification of a conserved TNF-α pathway in Anopheles gambiae consisting of the TNF-α ligand, Eiger, and its cognate receptors Wengen and Grindelwald. Through gene expression analysis, RNAi, and in vivo injection of recombinant TNF-α, we provide direct evidence for the requirement of TNF signaling in regulating mosquito immune cell function by promoting granulocyte midgut attachment, increased granulocyte abundance, and oenocytoid rupture. Moreover, our data demonstrate that TNF signaling is an integral component of anti-Plasmodium immunity that limits malaria parasite survival. Together, our data support the existence of a highly conserved TNF signaling pathway in mosquitoes that mediates cellular immunity and influences Plasmodium infection outcomes, offering potential new approaches to interfere with malaria transmission by targeting the mosquito host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyeogsun Kwon
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Megan Wendland
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Catherine Fonder
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Ryan C. Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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7
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Huang YT, Hesting LL, Calvi BR. An unscheduled switch to endocycles induces a reversible senescent arrest that impairs growth of the Drosophila wing disc. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.14.585098. [PMID: 38559130 PMCID: PMC10980049 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.14.585098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
A programmed developmental switch to G / S endocycles results in tissue growth through an increase in cell size. Unscheduled, induced endocycling cells (iECs) promote wound healing but also contribute to cancer. Much remains unknown, however, about how these iECs affect tissue growth. Using the D. melanogasterwing disc as model, we find that populations of iECs initially increase in size but then subsequently undergo a heterogenous arrest that causes severe tissue undergrowth. iECs acquired DNA damage and activated a Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, but, unlike other stressed cells, were apoptosis-resistant and not eliminated from the epithelium. Instead, iECs entered a JNK-dependent and reversible senescent-like arrest. Senescent iECs promoted division of diploid neighbors, but this compensatory proliferation did not rescue tissue growth. Our study has uncovered unique attributes of iECs and their effects on tissue growth that have important implications for understanding their roles in wound healing and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Huang
- Department of Biology, Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Lauren L. Hesting
- Department of Biology, Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Brian R. Calvi
- Department of Biology, Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
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8
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Baena-Lopez LA, Wang L, Wendler F. Cellular stress management by caspases. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 86:102314. [PMID: 38215516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Cellular stress plays a pivotal role in the onset of numerous human diseases. Consequently, the removal of dysfunctional cells, which undergo excessive stress-induced damage via various cell death pathways, including apoptosis, is essential for maintaining organ integrity and function. The evolutionarily conserved family of cysteine-aspartic-proteases, known as caspases, has been a key player in orchestrating apoptosis. However, recent research has unveiled the capability of these enzymes to govern fundamental cellular processes without triggering cell death. Remarkably, some of these non-lethal functions of caspases may contribute to restoring cellular equilibrium in stressed cells. This manuscript discusses how caspases can function as cellular stress managers and their potential impact on human health and disease. Additionally, it sheds light on the limitations of caspase-based therapies, given our still incomplete understanding of the biology of these enzymes, particularly in non-apoptotic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Wang
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13RE, UK
| | - Franz Wendler
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13RE, UK. https://twitter.com/wendlerfranz
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9
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Deshpande P, Chen CY, Chimata AV, Li JC, Sarkar A, Yeates C, Chen CH, Kango-Singh M, Singh A. miR-277 targets the proapoptotic gene-hid to ameliorate Aβ42-mediated neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's model. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:71. [PMID: 38238337 PMCID: PMC10796706 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06361-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), an age-related progressive neurodegenerative disorder, exhibits reduced cognitive function with no cure to date. One of the reasons for AD is the accumulation of Amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ42) plaque(s) that trigger aberrant gene expression and signaling, which results in neuronal cell death by an unknown mechanism(s). Misexpression of human Aβ42 in the developing retina of Drosophila exhibits AD-like neuropathology. Small non-coding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of their target genes and thereby regulate different signaling pathways. In a forward genetic screen, we identified miR-277 (human ortholog is hsa-miR-3660) as a genetic modifier of Aβ42-mediated neurodegeneration. Loss-of-function of miR-277 enhances the Aβ42-mediated neurodegeneration. Whereas gain-of-function of miR-277 in the GMR > Aβ42 background downregulates cell death to maintain the number of neurons and thereby restores the retinal axonal targeting defects indicating the functional rescue. In addition, gain-of-function of miR-277 rescues the eclosion- and climbing assays defects observed in GMR > Aβ42 background. Thus, gain-of-function of miR-277 rescues both structurally as well as functionally the Aβ42-mediated neurodegeneration. Furthermore, we identified head involution defective (hid), an evolutionarily conserved proapoptotic gene, as one of the targets of miR-277 and validated these results using luciferase- and qPCR -assays. In the GMR > Aβ42 background, the gain-of-function of miR-277 results in the reduction of hid transcript levels to one-third of its levels as compared to GMR > Aβ42 background alone. Here, we provide a novel molecular mechanism where miR-277 targets and downregulates proapoptotic gene, hid, transcript levels to rescue Aβ42-mediated neurodegeneration by blocking cell death. These studies shed light on molecular mechanism(s) that mediate cell death response following Aβ42 accumulation seen in neurodegenerative disorders in humans and provide new therapeutic targets for neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chao-Yi Chen
- Institution of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Jian-Chiuan Li
- Institution of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ankita Sarkar
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA
| | - Catherine Yeates
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA
| | - Chun-Hong Chen
- Institution of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
| | - Madhuri Kango-Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA.
- Premedical Program, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA.
- Integrative Science and Engineering (ISE), University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA.
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA.
- Premedical Program, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA.
- Integrative Science and Engineering (ISE), University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA.
- Center for Genomic Advocacy (TCGA), Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA.
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10
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Hersperger F, Meyring T, Weber P, Chhatbar C, Monaco G, Dionne MS, Paeschke K, Prinz M, Groß O, Classen AK, Kierdorf K. DNA damage signaling in Drosophila macrophages modulates systemic cytokine levels in response to oxidative stress. eLife 2024; 12:RP86700. [PMID: 38189792 PMCID: PMC10945508 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors, infection, or injury can cause oxidative stress in diverse tissues and loss of tissue homeostasis. Effective stress response cascades, conserved from invertebrates to mammals, ensure reestablishment of homeostasis and tissue repair. Hemocytes, the Drosophila blood-like cells, rapidly respond to oxidative stress by immune activation. However, the precise signals how they sense oxidative stress and integrate these signals to modulate and balance the response to oxidative stress in the adult fly are ill-defined. Furthermore, hemocyte diversification was not explored yet on oxidative stress. Here, we employed high-throughput single nuclei RNA-sequencing to explore hemocytes and other cell types, such as fat body, during oxidative stress in the adult fly. We identified distinct cellular responder states in plasmatocytes, the Drosophila macrophages, associated with immune response and metabolic activation upon oxidative stress. We further define oxidative stress-induced DNA damage signaling as a key sensor and a rate-limiting step in immune-activated plasmatocytes controlling JNK-mediated release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine unpaired-3. We subsequently tested the role of this specific immune activated cell stage during oxidative stress and found that inhibition of DNA damage signaling in plasmatocytes, as well as JNK or upd3 overactivation, result in a higher susceptibility to oxidative stress. Our findings uncover that a balanced composition and response of hemocyte subclusters is essential for the survival of adult Drosophila on oxidative stress by regulating systemic cytokine levels and cross-talk to other organs, such as the fat body, to control energy mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Hersperger
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Faculty of Biology, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Tim Meyring
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Pia Weber
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Chintan Chhatbar
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Gianni Monaco
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center-University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Marc S Dionne
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Katrin Paeschke
- Department of Oncology, Haematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital BonnBonnGermany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Olaf Groß
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Anne-Kathrin Classen
- Hilde-Mangold-Haus, Faculty of Biology, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Katrin Kierdorf
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
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11
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Fu Q, Zhang F, Vijayalakshmi A. The Protective Effect of Sanggenol L Against DMBA-induced Hamster Buccal Pouch Carcinogenesis Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Cell Proliferative Signalling Pathway. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:885-893. [PMID: 37496247 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230726140706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has a poor prognosis when treated with surgery and chemotherapy. Therefore, a new therapy and preventative strategy for OSCC and its underlying mechanisms are desperately needed. The purpose of this study was to examine the chemopreventive effects of sanggenol L on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The research focused on molecular signalling pathways in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch (HBP) carcinogenesis. AIM The purpose of this study was to look at the biochemical and chemopreventive effects of sanggenol L on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced HBP (hamster buccal pouch) carcinogenesis via cell proliferation and the apoptotic pathway. METHODS After developing squamous cell carcinoma, oral tumours continued to progress leftward into the pouch 3 times per week for 10 weeks while being exposed to 0.5 % reactive DMBA three times per week. Tumour growth was caused by biochemical abnormalities that induced inflammation, increased cell proliferation, and decreased apoptosis. RESULTS Oral sanggenol L (10 mg/kg bw) supplementation with cancer-induced model DMBApainted hamsters prevented tumour occurrences, improved biochemistry, inhibited inflammatory markers, decreased cell proliferation marker expression of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α), nuclear factor (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION Sanggenol L could be developed into a new medicine for the treatment of oral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Fu
- Department of Stomatology, People's Hospital of Qijiang District, Chongqing, 401420, China
| | - Fangming Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Fifth People's Hospital Of Wuxi, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Annamalai Vijayalakshmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Rabiammal Ahamed Maideen College for Women, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, 610001, India
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12
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Mirzoyan Z, Valenza A, Zola S, Bonfanti C, Arnaboldi L, Ferrari N, Pollard J, Lupi V, Cassinelli M, Frattaroli M, Sahin M, Pasini ME, Bellosta P. A Drosophila model targets Eiger/TNFα to alleviate obesity-related insulin resistance and macrophage infiltration. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050388. [PMID: 37828911 PMCID: PMC10651092 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with various metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation (ATM), characterized by macrophage infiltration into adipose cells. This study presents a new Drosophila model to investigate the mechanisms underlying these obesity-related pathologies. We employed genetic manipulation to reduce ecdysone levels to prolong the larval stage. These animals are hyperphagic and exhibit features resembling obesity in mammals, including increased lipid storage, adipocyte hypertrophy and high circulating glucose levels. Moreover, we observed significant infiltration of immune cells (hemocytes) into the fat bodies, accompanied by insulin resistance. We found that attenuation of Eiger/TNFα signaling reduced ATM and improved insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, using metformin and the antioxidants anthocyanins, we ameliorated both phenotypes. Our data highlight evolutionarily conserved mechanisms allowing the development of Drosophila models for discovering therapeutic pathways in adipose tissue immune cell infiltration and insulin resistance. Our model can also provide a platform to perform genetic screens or test the efficacy of therapeutic interventions for diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhasmine Mirzoyan
- Department of Computational, Cellular and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Alice Valenza
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sheri Zola
- Department of Computational, Cellular and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Carola Bonfanti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Nicholas Ferrari
- Department of Computational, Cellular and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - John Pollard
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Lupi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Mehtap Sahin
- Department of Computational, Cellular and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Ankara, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Paola Bellosta
- Department of Computational, Cellular and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 10016 New York, USA
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13
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Colombani J, Andersen DS. Drosophila TNF/TNFRs: At the crossroad between metabolism, immunity, and tissue homeostasis. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2416-2432. [PMID: 37567762 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a highly conserved proinflammatory cytokine with important functions in immunity, tissue repair, and cellular homeostasis. Due to the simplicity of the Drosophila TNF-TNF receptor (TNFR) system and a broad genetic toolbox, the fly has played a pivotal role in deciphering the mechanisms underlying TNF-mediated physiological and pathological functions. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in our understanding of how local and systemic sources of Egr/TNF contribute to its antitumor and tumor-promoting properties, and its emerging functions in adaptive growth responses, sleep regulation, and adult tissue homeostasis. The recent annotation of TNF as an adipokine and its indisputable contribution to obesity- and cancer-associated metabolic diseases have provoked a new area of research focusing on its dual function in regulating immunity and energy homeostasis. Here, we discuss the role of TNFR signaling in coupling immune and metabolic processes and how this might be relevant in the adaption of host to environmental stresses, or, in the case of obesity, promote metabolic derangements and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Colombani
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ditte S Andersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Khalili D, Mohammed M, Kunc M, Sindlerova M, Ankarklev J, Theopold U. Single-cell sequencing of tumor-associated macrophages in a Drosophila model. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1243797. [PMID: 37795097 PMCID: PMC10546068 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1243797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tumor-associated macrophages may act to either limit or promote tumor growth, yet the molecular basis for either path is poorly characterized. Methods We use a larval Drosophila model that expresses a dominant-active version of the Ras-oncogene (RasV12) to study dysplastic growth during early tumor progression. We performed single-cell RNA-sequencing of macrophage-like hemocytes to characterize these cells in tumor- compared to wild-type larvae. Hemocytes included manually extracted tumor-associated- and circulating cells. Results and discussion We identified five distinct hemocyte clusters. In addition to RasV12 larvae, we included a tumor model where the activation of effector caspases was inhibited, mimicking an apoptosis-resistant setting. Circulating hemocytes from both tumor models differ qualitatively from control wild-type cells-they display an enrichment for genes involved in cell division, which was confirmed using proliferation assays. Split analysis of the tumor models further reveals that proliferation is strongest in the caspase-deficient setting. Similarly, depending on the tumor model, hemocytes that attach to tumors activate different sets of immune effectors-antimicrobial peptides dominate the response against the tumor alone, while caspase inhibition induces a shift toward members of proteolytic cascades. Finally, we provide evidence for transcript transfer between hemocytes and possibly other tissues. Taken together, our data support the usefulness of Drosophila to study the response against tumors at the organismic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilan Khalili
- The Wenner-Gren Institute, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mubasher Mohammed
- The Wenner-Gren Institute, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Kunc
- The Wenner-Gren Institute, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martina Sindlerova
- The Wenner-Gren Institute, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Ankarklev
- The Wenner-Gren Institute, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrich Theopold
- The Wenner-Gren Institute, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Chandra S, Chatterjee R, Olmsted ZT, Mukherjee A, Paluh JL. Axonal transport during injury on a theoretical axon. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1215945. [PMID: 37636588 PMCID: PMC10450981 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1215945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopment, plasticity, and cognition are integral with functional directional transport in neuronal axons that occurs along a unique network of discontinuous polar microtubule (MT) bundles. Axonopathies are caused by brain trauma and genetic diseases that perturb or disrupt the axon MT infrastructure and, with it, the dynamic interplay of motor proteins and cargo essential for axonal maintenance and neuronal signaling. The inability to visualize and quantify normal and altered nanoscale spatio-temporal dynamic transport events prevents a full mechanistic understanding of injury, disease progression, and recovery. To address this gap, we generated DyNAMO, a Dynamic Nanoscale Axonal MT Organization model, which is a biologically realistic theoretical axon framework. We use DyNAMO to experimentally simulate multi-kinesin traffic response to focused or distributed tractable injury parameters, which are MT network perturbations affecting MT lengths and multi-MT staggering. We track kinesins with different motility and processivity, as well as their influx rates, in-transit dissociation and reassociation from inter-MT reservoirs, progression, and quantify and spatially represent motor output ratios. DyNAMO demonstrates, in detail, the complex interplay of mixed motor types, crowding, kinesin off/on dissociation and reassociation, and injury consequences of forced intermingling. Stalled forward progression with different injury states is seen as persistent dynamicity of kinesins transiting between MTs and inter-MT reservoirs. DyNAMO analysis provides novel insights and quantification of axonal injury scenarios, including local injury-affected ATP levels, as well as relates these to influences on signaling outputs, including patterns of gating, waves, and pattern switching. The DyNAMO model significantly expands the network of heuristic and mathematical analysis of neuronal functions relevant to axonopathies, diagnostics, and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyadeep Chandra
- Electrical and Computer Science Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Rounak Chatterjee
- Department of Electronics, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Zachary T. Olmsted
- Nanobioscience, College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Nanobioscience, College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY, United States
- School of Computing, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham (University), Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Janet L. Paluh
- Nanobioscience, College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY, United States
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16
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Deshpande P, Chimata AV, Snider E, Singh A, Kango-Singh M, Singh A. N-Acetyltransferase 9 ameliorates Aβ42-mediated neurodegeneration in the Drosophila eye. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:478. [PMID: 37507384 PMCID: PMC10382493 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05973-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, manifests as accumulation of amyloid-beta-42 (Aβ42) plaques and intracellular accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) that results in microtubule destabilization. Targeted expression of human Aβ42 (GMR > Aβ42) in developing Drosophila eye retinal neurons results in Aβ42 plaque(s) and mimics AD-like extensive neurodegeneration. However, there remains a gap in our understanding of the underlying mechanism(s) for Aβ42-mediated neurodegeneration. To address this gap in information, we conducted a forward genetic screen, and identified N-acetyltransferase 9 (Mnat9) as a genetic modifier of GMR > Aβ42 neurodegenerative phenotype. Mnat9 is known to stabilize microtubules by inhibiting c-Jun-N- terminal kinase (JNK) signaling. We found that gain-of-function of Mnat9 rescues GMR > Aβ42 mediated neurodegenerative phenotype whereas loss-of-function of Mnat9 exhibits the converse phenotype of enhanced neurodegeneration. Here, we propose a new neuroprotective function of Mnat9 in downregulating the JNK signaling pathway to ameliorate Aβ42-mediated neurodegeneration, which is independent of its acetylation activity. Transgenic flies expressing human NAT9 (hNAT9), also suppresses Aβ42-mediated neurodegeneration thereby suggesting functional conservation in the interaction of fly Mnat9 or hNAT9 with JNK-mediated neurodegeneration. These studies add to the repertoire of molecular mechanisms that mediate cell death response following accumulation of Aβ42 and may provide new avenues for targeting neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emily Snider
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA
| | - Aditi Singh
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Studies, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA
| | - Madhuri Kango-Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA
- Premedical Program, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA
- The Integrative Science and Engineering Center, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA.
- Premedical Program, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA.
- The Integrative Science and Engineering Center, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA.
- Center for Genomic Advocacy (TCGA), Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA.
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17
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Fort L. Messenger functions of cell death during development and homeostasis. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:759-769. [PMID: 37021685 PMCID: PMC11149382 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
In our human society, would you not want to know if your neighbor suddenly passed away? Tissues and cells are not that different. Cell death is an inevitable part of tissue homeostasis and comes in different flavors that can either be a consequence of an injury or a regulated phenomenon (such as programed cell death). Historically, cell death was viewed as a way to discard cells, without functional consequences. Today, this view has evolved and recognizes an extra layer of complexity: dying cells can provide physical or chemical signals to notify their neighbors. Like any type of communication, signals can only be read if surrounding tissues have evolved to recognize them and functionally adapt. This short review aims to provide a summary of recent work interrogating the messenger functions and consequences of cell death in various model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loic Fort
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, U.S.A
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18
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Giacomini C, Granéli C, Hicks R, Dazzi F. The critical role of apoptosis in mesenchymal stromal cell therapeutics and implications in homeostasis and normal tissue repair. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:570-582. [PMID: 37185486 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been extensively tested for the treatment of numerous clinical conditions and have demonstrated good safety but mixed efficacy. Although this outcome can be attributed in part to the heterogeneity of cell preparations, the lack of mechanistic understanding and tools to establish cell pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, as well as the poorly defined criteria for patient stratification, have hampered the design of informative clinical trials. We and others have demonstrated that MSCs can rapidly undergo apoptosis after their infusion. Apoptotic MSCs are phagocytosed by monocytes/macrophages that are then reprogrammed to become anti-inflammatory cells. MSC apoptosis occurs when the cells are injected into patients who harbor activated cytotoxic T or NK cells. Therefore, the activation state of cytotoxic T or NK cells can be used as a biomarker to predict clinical responses to MSC treatment. Building on a large body of preexisting data, an alternative view on the mechanism of MSCs is that an inflammation-dependent MSC secretome is largely responsible for their immunomodulatory activity. We will discuss how these different mechanisms can coexist and are instructed by two different types of MSC "licensing": one that is cell-contact dependent and the second that is mediated by inflammatory cytokines. The varied and complex mechanisms by which MSCs can orchestrate inflammatory responses and how this function is specifically driven by inflammation support a physiological role for tissue stroma in tissue homeostasis, and it acts as a sensor of damage and initiator of tissue repair by reprogramming the inflammatory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giacomini
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Cecilia Granéli
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D Cell Therapy Department, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ryan Hicks
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D Cell Therapy Department, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Francesco Dazzi
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D Cell Therapy Department, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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19
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Hill C, Dellar ER, Baena‐Lopez LA. Caspases help to spread the message via extracellular vesicles. FEBS J 2023; 290:1954-1972. [PMID: 35246932 PMCID: PMC10952732 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cell communication is an essential aspect of multicellular life, key for coordinating cell proliferation, growth, and death in response to environmental changes. Whilst caspases are well-known for facilitating apoptotic and pyroptotic cell death, several recent investigations are uncovering new roles for these enzymes in biological scenarios requiring long-range intercellular signalling mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are small membrane-bound nanoparticles released from cells that may carry and deliver cargo between distant cells, thus helping to coordinate their behaviour. Intriguingly, there is emerging evidence indicating a key contribution of caspases in the biogenesis of EVs, the selection of their cargo content, and EV uptake/function in recipient cells. Here, we discuss the latest findings supporting the interplay between caspases and EVs, and the biological relevance of this molecular convergence for cellular signalling, principally in non-apoptotic scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Hill
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordUK
| | - Elizabeth R. Dellar
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordUK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordUK
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20
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Zhong J, Jing A, Zheng S, Li S, Zhang X, Ren C. Physiological and molecular mechanisms of insect appendage regeneration. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 12:9. [PMID: 36859631 PMCID: PMC9978051 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-022-00156-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration, as a fascinating scientific field, refers to the ability of animals replacing lost tissue or body parts. Many metazoan organisms have been reported with the regeneration phenomena, but showing evolutionarily variable abilities. As the most diverse metazoan taxon, hundreds of insects show strong appendage regeneration ability. The regeneration process and ability are dependent on many factors, including macroscopic physiological conditions and microscopic molecular mechanisms. This article reviews research progress on the physiological conditions and internal underlying mechanisms controlling appendage regeneration in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiru Zhong
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
| | - Andi Jing
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
| | - Shaojuan Zheng
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
| | - Sheng Li
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China ,grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, 514779 China
| | - Xiaoshuai Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Chonghua Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China. .,Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, 514779, China.
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21
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de Lima FMR, Abrahão I, Pentagna N, Carneiro K. Gradual specialization of phagocytic ameboid cells may have impaired regenerative capacities in metazoan lineages. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:343-362. [PMID: 36205096 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal regeneration is a fascinating field of research that has captured the attention of many generations of scientists. Among the cellular mechanisms underlying tissue and organ regeneration, we highlight the role of phagocytic ameboid cells (PACs). Beyond their ability to engulf nutritional particles, microbes, and apoptotic cells, their involvement in regeneration has been widely documented. It has been extensively described that, at least in part, animal regenerative mechanisms rely on PACs that serve as a hub for a range of critical physiological functions, both in health and disease. Considering the phylogenetics of PAC evolution, and the loss and gain of nutritional, immunological, and regenerative potential across Metazoa, we aim to discuss when and how phagocytic activity was first co-opted to regenerative tissue repair. We propose that the gradual specialization of PACs during metazoan derivation may have contributed to the loss of regenerative potential in animals, with critical impacts on potential translational strategies for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Matheus Ribeiro de Lima
- Laboratory of Cellular Proliferation and Differentiation, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Developmental Biology, Postgraduate Program in Morphological Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabella Abrahão
- Laboratory of Cellular Proliferation and Differentiation, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Pentagna
- Laboratory of Cellular Proliferation and Differentiation, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine (Pathological Anatomy), Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Katia Carneiro
- Laboratory of Cellular Proliferation and Differentiation, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Developmental Biology, Postgraduate Program in Morphological Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine (Pathological Anatomy), Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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22
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Kietz C, Meinander A. Drosophila caspases as guardians of host-microbe interactions. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:227-236. [PMID: 35810247 PMCID: PMC9950452 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01038-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An intact cell death machinery is not only crucial for successful embryonic development and tissue homeostasis, but participates also in the defence against pathogens and contributes to a balanced immune response. Centrally involved in the regulation of both cell death and inflammatory immune responses is the evolutionarily conserved family of cysteine proteases named caspases. The Drosophila melanogaster genome encodes for seven caspases, several of which display dual functions, participating in apoptotic signalling and beyond. Among the Drosophila caspases, the caspase-8 homologue Dredd has a well-characterised role in inflammatory signalling activated by bacterial infections, and functions as a driver of NF-κB-mediated immune responses. Regarding the other Drosophila caspases, studies focusing on tissue-specific immune signalling and host-microbe interactions have recently revealed immunoregulatory functions of the initiator caspase Dronc and the effector caspase Drice. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the signalling cascades involved in the Drosophila humoral innate immune response against pathogens and of their caspase-mediated regulation. Furthermore, the apoptotic role of caspases during antibacterial and antiviral immune activation will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Kietz
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, BioCity, Turku, Finland
| | - Annika Meinander
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, BioCity, Turku, Finland.
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
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23
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Sobrido-Cameán D, Oswald MCW, Bailey DMD, Mukherjee A, Landgraf M. Activity-regulated growth of motoneurons at the neuromuscular junction is mediated by NADPH oxidases. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 16:1106593. [PMID: 36713781 PMCID: PMC9880070 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1106593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons respond to changes in the levels of activity they experience in a variety of ways, including structural changes at pre- and postsynaptic terminals. An essential plasticity signal required for such activity-regulated structural adjustments are reactive oxygen species (ROS). To identify sources of activity-regulated ROS required for structural plasticity in vivo we used the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction as a highly tractable experimental model system. For adjustments of presynaptic motor terminals, we found a requirement for both NADPH oxidases, Nox and dual oxidase (Duox), that are encoded in the Drosophila genome. This contrasts with the postsynaptic dendrites from which Nox is excluded. NADPH oxidases generate ROS to the extracellular space. Here, we show that two aquaporins, Bib and Drip, are necessary ROS conduits in the presynaptic motoneuron for activity regulated, NADPH oxidase dependent changes in presynaptic motoneuron terminal growth. Our data further suggest that different aspects of neuronal activity-regulated structural changes might be regulated by different ROS sources: changes in bouton number require both NADPH oxidases, while activity-regulated changes in the number of active zones might be modulated by other sources of ROS. Overall, our results show NADPH oxidases as important enzymes for mediating activity-regulated plasticity adjustments in neurons.
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24
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Actin remodeling mediates ROS production and JNK activation to drive apoptosis-induced proliferation. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010533. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced cell death, mainly apoptosis, and its subsequent tissue repair is interlinked although our knowledge of this connection is still very limited. An intriguing finding is apoptosis-induced proliferation (AiP), an evolutionary conserved mechanism employed by apoptotic cells to trigger compensatory proliferation of their neighboring cells. Studies using Drosophila as a model organism have revealed that apoptotic caspases and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling play critical roles to activate AiP. For example, the initiator caspase Dronc, the caspase-9 ortholog in Drosophila, promotes activation of JNK leading to release of mitogenic signals and AiP. Recent studies further revealed that Dronc relocates to the cell cortex via Myo1D, an unconventional myosin, and stimulates production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to trigger AiP. During this process, ROS can attract hemocytes, the Drosophila macrophages, which further amplify JNK signaling cell non-autonomously. However, the intrinsic components connecting Dronc, ROS and JNK within the stressed signal-producing cells remain elusive. Here, we identified LIM domain kinase 1 (LIMK1), a kinase promoting cellular F-actin polymerization, as a novel regulator of AiP. F-actin accumulates in a Dronc-dependent manner in response to apoptotic stress. Suppression of F-actin polymerization in stressed cells by knocking down LIMK1 or expressing Cofilin, an inhibitor of F-actin elongation, blocks ROS production and JNK activation, hence AiP. Furthermore, Dronc and LIMK1 genetically interact. Co-expression of Dronc and LIMK1 drives F-actin accumulation, ROS production and JNK activation. Interestingly, these synergistic effects between Dronc and LIMK1 depend on Myo1D. Therefore, F-actin remodeling plays an important role mediating caspase-driven ROS production and JNK activation in the process of AiP.
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Gong J, Chen J, Gu P, Shang Y, Ruppell KT, Yang Y, Wang F, Wen Q, Xiang Y. Shear stress activates nociceptors to drive Drosophila mechanical nociception. Neuron 2022; 110:3727-3742.e8. [PMID: 36087585 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical nociception is essential for animal survival. However, the forces involved in nociceptor activation and the underlying mechanotransduction mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we address these problems by investigating nocifensive behavior in Drosophila larvae. We show that strong poking stimulates nociceptors with a mixture of forces including shear stress and stretch. Unexpectedly, nociceptors are selectively activated by shear stress, but not stretch. Both the shear stress responses of nociceptors and nocifensive behavior require transient receptor potential A1 (TrpA1), which is specifically expressed in nociceptors. We further demonstrate that expression of mammalian or Drosophila TrpA1 in heterologous cells confers responses to shear stress but not stretch. Finally, shear stress activates TrpA1 in a membrane-delimited manner, through modulation of membrane fluidity. Together, our study reveals TrpA1 as an evolutionarily conserved mechanosensitive channel specifically activated by shear stress and suggests a critical role of shear stress in activating nociceptors to drive mechanical nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Gong
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jiazhang Chen
- Department of Physics, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Pengyu Gu
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ye Shang
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Kendra Takle Ruppell
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Qi Wen
- Department of Physics, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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26
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Serras F. The sooner, the better: ROS, kinases and nutrients at the onset of the damage response in Drosophila. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1047823. [PMID: 36353511 PMCID: PMC9637634 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1047823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main topics in regeneration biology is the nature of the early signals that trigger the damage response. Recent advances in Drosophila point to the MAP3 kinase Ask1 as a molecular hub that integrates several signals at the onset of regeneration. It has been discovered that reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in damaged imaginal discs and gut epithelia will activate the MAP3 kinase Ask1. Severely damaged and apoptotic cells produce an enormous amount of ROS, which ensures their elimination by activating Ask1 and in turn the pro-apoptotic function of JNK. However, this creates an oxidative stress environment with beneficial effects that is sensed by neighboring healthy cells. This environment, in addition to the Pi3K/Akt nutrient sensing pathway, can be integrated into Ask1 to launch regeneration. Ultimately the activity of Ask1 depends on these and other inputs and modulates its signaling to achieve moderate levels of p38 and low JNK signaling and thus promote survival and regeneration. This model based on the dual function of Ask1 for early response to damage is discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florenci Serras
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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27
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Yarikipati P, Bergmann A. In Vitro Cleavage Assays using Purified Recombinant Drosophila Caspases for Substrate Screening. J Vis Exp 2022:10.3791/64392. [PMID: 36282715 PMCID: PMC10321544 DOI: 10.3791/64392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Caspases are very specific cell death proteases that are involved in apoptotic and non-apoptotic processes. While the role of caspases during apoptosis has been very well defined and many apoptotic proteolytic substrates of caspases have been identified and characterized, the role of caspases for non-apoptotic processes is not well understood. In particular, few non-apoptotic substrates of caspases have been identified thus far. Here, in order to facilitate the identification and characterization of potential caspase substrates, a protocol that allows the testing of candidate substrates in caspase cleavage assays in vitro is described. This protocol includes the production and purification of recombinant caspase proteins, the production of the candidate substrates either recombinantly or in a cell-free expression system, and the actual in vitro cleavage reaction followed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. This protocol is tailored for the Drosophila caspases Dronc and Drice but can easily be adapted for caspases from other organisms, including mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Bergmann
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, UMass Chan Medical School;
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28
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Baek M, Jang W, Kim C. Dual Oxidase, a Hydrogen-Peroxide-Producing Enzyme, Regulates Neuronal Oxidative Damage and Animal Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132059. [PMID: 35805145 PMCID: PMC9265666 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducing the oxidative stress in neurons extends lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster, highlighting the crucial role of neuronal oxidative damage in lifespan determination. However, the source of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) that provoke oxidative stress in neurons is not clearly defined. Here, we identify dual oxidase (duox), a calcium-activated ROS-producing enzyme, as a lifespan determinant. Due to the lethality of duox homozygous mutants, we employed a duox heterozygote that exhibited normal appearance and movement. We found that duox heterozygous male flies, which were isogenized with control flies, demonstrated extended lifespan. Neuronal knockdown experiments further suggested that duox is crucial to oxidative stress in neurons. Our findings suggest duox to be a source of neuronal oxidative stress associated with animal lifespan.
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29
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Shields A, Amcheslavsky A, Brown E, Lee TV, Nie Y, Tanji T, Ip YT, Bergmann A. Toll-9 interacts with Toll-1 to mediate a feedback loop during apoptosis-induced proliferation in Drosophila. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110817. [PMID: 35584678 PMCID: PMC9211775 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila Toll-1 and all mammalian Toll-like receptors regulate innate immunity. However, the functions of the remaining eight Toll-related proteins in Drosophila are not fully understood. Here, we show that Drosophila Toll-9 is necessary and sufficient for a special form of compensatory proliferation after apoptotic cell loss (undead apoptosis-induced proliferation [AiP]). Mechanistically, for AiP, Toll-9 interacts with Toll-1 to activate the intracellular Toll-1 pathway for nuclear translocation of the NF-κB-like transcription factor Dorsal, which induces expression of the pro-apoptotic genes reaper and hid. This activity contributes to the feedback amplification loop that operates in undead cells. Given that Toll-9 also functions in loser cells during cell competition, we define a general role of Toll-9 in cellular stress situations leading to the expression of pro-apoptotic genes that trigger apoptosis and apoptosis-induced processes such as AiP. This work identifies conceptual similarities between cell competition and AiP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Shields
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Alla Amcheslavsky
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Elizabeth Brown
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Tom V Lee
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yingchao Nie
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Takahiro Tanji
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Y Tony Ip
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Andreas Bergmann
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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30
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Mlih M, Karpac J. Integrin-ECM interactions and membrane-associated Catalase cooperate to promote resilience of the Drosophila intestinal epithelium. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001635. [PMID: 35522719 PMCID: PMC9116668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Balancing cellular demise and survival constitutes a key feature of resilience mechanisms that underlie the control of epithelial tissue damage. These resilience mechanisms often limit the burden of adaptive cellular stress responses to internal or external threats. We recently identified Diedel, a secreted protein/cytokine, as a potent antagonist of apoptosis-induced regulated cell death in the Drosophila intestinal midgut epithelium during aging. Here, we show that Diedel is a ligand for RGD-binding Integrins and is thus required for maintaining midgut epithelial cell attachment to the extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived basement membrane. Exploiting this function of Diedel, we uncovered a resilience mechanism of epithelial tissues, mediated by Integrin-ECM interactions, which shapes cell death spreading through the regulation of cell detachment and thus cell survival. Moreover, we found that resilient epithelial cells, enriched for Diedel-Integrin-ECM interactions, are characterized by membrane association of Catalase, thus preserving extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance to maintain epithelial integrity. Intracellular Catalase can relocalize to the extracellular membrane to limit cell death spreading and repair Integrin-ECM interactions induced by the amplification of extracellular ROS, which is a critical adaptive stress response. Membrane-associated Catalase, synergized with Integrin-ECM interactions, likely constitutes a resilience mechanism that helps balance cellular demise and survival within epithelial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mlih
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jason Karpac
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
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31
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Abstract
Eukaryotic cells have developed complex systems to regulate the production and response to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Different ROS control diverse aspects of cell behaviour from signalling to death, and deregulation of ROS production and ROS limitation pathways are common features of cancer cells. ROS also function to modulate the tumour environment, affecting the various stromal cells that provide metabolic support, a blood supply and immune responses to the tumour. Although it is clear that ROS play important roles during tumorigenesis, it has been difficult to reliably predict the effect of ROS modulating therapies. We now understand that the responses to ROS are highly complex and dependent on multiple factors, including the types, levels, localization and persistence of ROS, as well as the origin, environment and stage of the tumours themselves. This increasing understanding of the complexity of ROS in malignancies will be key to unlocking the potential of ROS-targeting therapies for cancer treatment.
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32
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Xu DC, Wang L, Yamada KM, Baena-Lopez LA. Non-apoptotic activation of Drosophila caspase-2/9 modulates JNK signaling, the tumor microenvironment, and growth of wound-like tumors. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110718. [PMID: 35443185 PMCID: PMC9082238 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to apoptosis due to caspase deregulation is considered one of the main hallmarks of cancer. However, the discovery of novel non-apoptotic caspase functions has revealed unknown intricacies about the interplay between these enzymes and tumor progression. To investigate this biological problem, we capitalized on a Drosophila tumor model with human relevance based on the simultaneous overactivation of the EGFR and the JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Our data indicate that widespread non-apoptotic activation of initiator caspases limits JNK signaling and facilitates cell fate commitment in these tumors, thus preventing the overgrowth and exacerbation of malignant features of transformed cells. Intriguingly, caspase activity also reduces the presence of macrophage-like cells with tumor-promoting properties in the tumor microenvironment. These findings assign tumor-suppressing activities to caspases independent of apoptosis, while providing molecular details to better understand the contribution of these enzymes to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Cui Xu
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4370, USA; Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Li Wang
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Kenneth M Yamada
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4370, USA.
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33
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de Vreede G, Gerlach SU, Bilder D. Epithelial monitoring through ligand-receptor segregation ensures malignant cell elimination. Science 2022; 376:297-301. [PMID: 35420935 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl4213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Animals have evolved mechanisms, such as cell competition, to remove dangerous or nonfunctional cells from a tissue. Tumor necrosis factor signaling can eliminate clonal malignancies from Drosophila imaginal epithelia, but why this pathway is activated in tumor cells but not normal tissue is unknown. We show that the ligand that drives elimination is present in basolateral circulation but remains latent because it is spatially segregated from its apically localized receptor. Polarity defects associated with malignant transformation cause receptor mislocalization, allowing ligand binding and subsequent apoptotic signaling. This process occurs irrespective of the neighboring cells' genotype and is thus distinct from cell competition. Related phenomena at epithelial wound sites are required for efficient repair. This mechanism of polarized compartmentalization of ligand and receptor can generally monitor epithelial integrity to promote tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert de Vreede
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Stephan U Gerlach
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - David Bilder
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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34
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Caravello G, Franchet A, Niehus S, Ferrandon D. Phagocytosis Is the Sole Arm of Drosophila melanogaster Known Host Defenses That Provides Some Protection Against Microsporidia Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:858360. [PMID: 35493511 PMCID: PMC9043853 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.858360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites able to infest specifically a large range of species, including insects. The knowledge about the biology of microsporidial infections remains confined to mostly descriptive studies, including molecular approaches such as transcriptomics or proteomics. Thus, functional data to understand insect host defenses are currently lacking. Here, we have undertaken a genetic analysis of known host defenses of the Drosophila melanogaster using an infection model whereby Tubulinosema ratisbonensis spores are directly injected in this insect. We find that phagocytosis does confer some protection in this infection model. In contrast, the systemic immune response, extracellular reactive oxygen species, thioester proteins, xenophagy, and intracellular antiviral response pathways do not appear to be involved in the resistance against this parasite. Unexpectedly, several genes such as PGRP-LE seem to promote this infection. The prophenol oxidases that mediate melanization have different functions; PPO1 presents a phenotype similar to that of PGRP-LE whereas that of PPO2 suggests a function in the resilience to infection. Similarly, eiger and Unpaired3, which encode two cytokines secreted by hemocytes display a resilience phenotype with a strong susceptibility to T. ratisbonensis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dominique Ferrandon
- UPR9022, University of Strasbourg, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IBMC), Modèles Insectes D’Immunité Innée (M3I) Unité Propre Recherche (UPR) 9022 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Strasbourg, France
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35
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Nociception and hypersensitivity involve distinct neurons and molecular transducers in Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2113645119. [PMID: 35294287 PMCID: PMC8944580 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2113645119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
SignificanceFunctional plasticity of the nociceptive circuit is a remarkable feature and is of clinical relevance. As an example, nociceptors lower their threshold upon tissue injury, a process known as allodynia that would facilitate healing by guarding the injured areas. However, long-lasting hypersensitivity could lead to chronic pain, a debilitating disease not effectively treated. Therefore, it is crucial to dissect the mechanisms underlying basal nociception and nociceptive hypersensitivity. In both vertebrate and invertebrate species, conserved transient receptor potential (Trp) channels are the primary transducers of noxious stimuli. Here, we provide a precedent that in Drosophila larvae, heat sensing in the nociception and hypersensitivity states is mediated by distinct heat-sensitive neurons and TrpA1 alternative isoforms.
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36
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Wang Y, Khan HM, Zhou C, Liao X, Tang P, Song P, Gui X, Li H, Chen Z, Liu S, Cen Y, Zhang Z, Li Z. Apoptotic cells derived micro/nano-sized extracellular vesicles in tissue regeneration. NANOTECHNOLOGY REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ntrev-2022-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), products released by cells in multiple biological activities, are currently widely accepted as functional particles and intercellular communicators. From the orthodox perspective, EVs derived from apoptotic cells (apoEVs) are responsible for cell debris clearance, while recent studies have demonstrated that apoEVs participate in tissue regeneration. However, the underlying mechanisms and particular functions in tissue regeneration promotion of apoEVs remain ambiguous. Some molecules, such as caspases, active during apoptosis also function in tissue regeneration triggered by apoptosis,. ApoEVs are generated in the process of apoptosis, carrying cell contents to manifest biological effects, and possessing biomarkers to target phagocytes. The regenerative effect of apoEVs might be due to their abilities to facilitate cell proliferation and regulate inflammation. Such regenerative effect has been observed in various tissues, including skin, bone, cardiovascular system, and kidney. Engineered apoEVs are produced to amplify the biological benefits of apoEVs, rendering them optional for drug delivery. Meanwhile, challenges exist in thorough mechanistic exploration and standardization of production. In this review, we discussed the link between apoptosis and regeneration, current comprehension of the origination and investigation strategies of apoEVs, and mechanisms in tissue regeneration by apoEVs and their applications. Challenges and prospects are also discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixi Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , 610041 , Chengdu , China
| | - Haider Mohammed Khan
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu Sichuan, 610041 , China
| | - Changchun Zhou
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Xiaoxia Liao
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , 610041 , Chengdu , China
| | - Pei Tang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , 610041 , Chengdu , China
| | - Ping Song
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Xingyu Gui
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Hairui Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , 610041 , Chengdu , China
| | - Zhixing Chen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , 610041 , Chengdu , China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research, Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi’an , Shaanxi, 710032 , China
| | - Ying Cen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , 610041 , Chengdu , China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , 610041 , Chengdu , China
| | - Zhengyong Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , 610041 , Chengdu , China
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37
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Colon-Plaza S, Su TT. Non-Apoptotic Role of Apoptotic Caspases in the Drosophila Nervous System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:839358. [PMID: 35223857 PMCID: PMC8863954 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.839358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies demonstrate that cells can activate apoptotic caspases but not die and, instead, display profound changes in cellular structure and function. In this minireview, we will discuss observations in the nervous system of Drosophila melanogaster that illustrate non-apoptotic roles of apoptotic caspases. We will preface these examples with similar observations in other experimental systems and end with a discussion of how apoptotic caspase activity might be constrained to provide non-lethal functions without killing the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Colon-Plaza
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Tin Tin Su
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
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38
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Gao H, Xu C, Liang J, Ge S, Zhang F, Tuo Y, Shi H, Han A. Pan-cancer analysis of oncogenic role of Programmed Cell Death 2 Like (PDCD2L) and validation in colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:100. [PMID: 35216602 PMCID: PMC8881831 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02525-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Programmed Cell Death 2 Like (PDCD2L) correlates with cell proliferation, apoptosis and mouse embryonic development. However, the role of PDCD2L in human cancers is unclear. Methods Multiple bioinformatic methods, in vitro function experiments and validation were performed to clarify the oncogenic role of PDCD2L in human cancers. Results Our study found that PDCD2L was aberrantly expressed in multiple types of human cancers, and associated with clinical stage and molecular subtype. Furthermore, overexpression of PDCD2L predicted poor overall survival in adrenocortical carcinoma(ACC), kidney chromophobe(KICH), acute myeloid leukemia(LAML), brain lower grade glioma(LGG),liver hepatocellular carcinoma(LIHC), mesothelioma(MESO), uveal melanoma(UVM) and poor diseases free survival in ACC, bladder urothelial carcinoma(BLCA), cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC), kidney renal clear cell carcinoma(KIRC), kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma(KIRP), LGG, LIHC, and UVM. PDCD2L expression was negatively associated with cancer associated fibroblast in breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA), lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), sarcoma (SARC), stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) and testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT). Mechanically, we found that PDCD2L expression was associated with apoptosis, invasion and cell cycle by investigating single cell sequencing data. For further validation, PDCD2Lwas highly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines and tissue samples compared with the normal colon cell line and non-tumor adjacent colorectal mucosa tissues. PDCD2L knockdown induced the apoptosis and proliferation of CRC cells. Conclusions Our study shows that the oncogenic role of PDCD2L in various cancers and PDCD2L could be served as a biomarker of CRC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-022-02525-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabin Gao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58, Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58, Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiangtao Liang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58, Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Songhan Ge
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58, Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Fenfen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58, Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ying Tuo
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58, Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Huijuan Shi
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58, Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Anjia Han
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58, Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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39
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Apoptotic cell-derived micro/nanosized extracellular vesicles in tissue regeneration. NANOTECHNOLOGY REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ntrev-2022-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), products released by cells in multiple biological activities, are currently widely accepted as functional particles and intercellular communicators. From the orthodox perspective, EVs derived from apoptotic cells (apoEVs) are responsible for cell debris clearance, while recent studies have demonstrated that apoEVs participate in tissue regeneration. However, the underlying mechanisms and particular functions in tissue regeneration promotion of apoEVs remain ambiguous. Some molecules active during apoptosis also function in tissue regeneration triggered by apoptosis, such as caspases. ApoEVs are generated in the process of apoptosis, carrying cell contents to manifest biological effects and possess biomarkers to target phagocytes. The regenerative effect of apoEVs might be due to their abilities to facilitate cell proliferation and regulate inflammation. Such regenerative effect has been observed in various tissues, including skin, bone, cardiovascular system, and kidneys. Engineered apoEVs are produced to amplify the biological benefits of apoEVs, rendering them optional for drug delivery. Meanwhile, challenges exist in thorough mechanistic exploration and standardization of production. In this review, we discussed the link between apoptosis and regeneration, current comprehension of the origination and investigation strategies of apoEVs, and mechanisms in tissue regeneration of apoEVs and their applications. Challenges and prospects are also addressed here.
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Abstract
The Drosophila wing imaginal disc is a tissue of undifferentiated cells that are precursors of the wing and most of the notum of the adult fly. The wing disc first forms during embryogenesis from a cluster of ∼30 cells located in the second thoracic segment, which invaginate to form a sac-like structure. They undergo extensive proliferation during larval stages to form a mature larval wing disc of ∼35,000 cells. During this time, distinct cell fates are assigned to different regions, and the wing disc develops a complex morphology. Finally, during pupal stages the wing disc undergoes morphogenetic processes and then differentiates to form the adult wing and notum. While the bulk of the wing disc comprises epithelial cells, it also includes neurons and glia, and is associated with tracheal cells and muscle precursor cells. The relative simplicity and accessibility of the wing disc, combined with the wealth of genetic tools available in Drosophila, have combined to make it a premier system for identifying genes and deciphering systems that play crucial roles in animal development. Studies in wing imaginal discs have made key contributions to many areas of biology, including tissue patterning, signal transduction, growth control, regeneration, planar cell polarity, morphogenesis, and tissue mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipin Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Waksman Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Kenneth D Irvine
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Waksman Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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41
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Executioner caspases 3 and 7 are dispensable for intestinal epithelium turnover and homeostasis at steady state. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2024508119. [PMID: 35105800 PMCID: PMC8832966 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024508119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, programmed cell death by apoptosis is considered crucial for proper intestinal organogenesis and gut homeostasis. To challenge this concept, we generated caspase-3 and -7 double knockout mice specifically in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). However, absence of apoptosis in IECs elicits neither morphological and inflammatory changes nor intestinal dysbiosis during gut homeostasis at steady state. This demonstrates the robustness of intestinal homeostasis at steady state for the absence of caspase-3/7 and shows that in contrast to caspase-8, which keeps necroptosis and associated inflammation in check, caspase-3/7–dependent apoptosis of IECs in homeostatic conditions is dispensable for normal intestinal development, immune cell composition, and microbiome control. Apoptosis is widely believed to be crucial for epithelial cell death and shedding in the intestine, thereby shaping the overall architecture of the gastrointestinal tract, but also regulating tolerance induction, pinpointing a role of apoptosis intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) turnover and maintenance of barrier function, and in maintaining immune homeostasis. To experimentally address this concept, we generated IEC-specific knockout mice that lack both executioner caspase-3 and caspase-7 (Casp3/7ΔIEC), which are the converging point of the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Surprisingly, the overall architecture, cellular landscape, and proliferation rate remained unchanged in these mice. However, nonapoptotic cell extrusion was increased in Casp3/7ΔIEC mice, compensating apoptosis deficiency, maintaining the same physiological level of IEC shedding. Microbiome richness and composition stayed unaffected, bearing no sign of dysbiosis. Transcriptome and single-cell RNA sequencing analyses of IECs and immune cells revealed no differences in signaling pathways of differentiation and inflammation. These findings demonstrate that during homeostasis, apoptosis per se is dispensable for IEC turnover at the top of intestinal villi intestinal tissue dynamics, microbiome, and immune cell composition.
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42
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Neuron-derived neuropeptide Y fine-tunes the splenic immune responses. Neuron 2022; 110:1327-1339.e6. [PMID: 35139365 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The nervous and immune systems are closely entwined to maintain the immune balance in health and disease. Here, we showed that LPS can activate suprarenal and celiac ganglia (SrG-CG) neurons and upregulate NPY expression in rats. Single-cell sequencing analysis revealed that knockdown of the NPY gene in SrG-CG altered the proliferation and activation of splenic lymphocytes. In a neuron and splenocyte coculture system and in vivo experiments, neuronal NPY in SrG-CG attenuated the splenic immune response. Notably, we demonstrated that neuronal NPF in Drosophila exerted a conservative immunomodulatory effect. Moreover, numerous SNPs in NPY and its receptors were significantly associated with human autoimmune diseases, which was further supported by the autoimmune disease patients and mouse model experiments. Together, we demonstrated that NPY is an ancient language for nervous-immune system crosstalk and might be utilized to alleviate inflammatory storms during infection and to modulate immune balance in autoimmune diseases.
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43
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Thauvin M, de Sousa RM, Alves M, Volovitch M, Vriz S, Rampon C. An early Shh-H2O2 reciprocal regulatory interaction controls the regenerative program during zebrafish fin regeneration. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274206. [PMID: 35107164 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), originally classified as toxic molecules, have attracted increasing interest given their actions in cell signaling. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the major ROS produced by cells, acts as a second messenger to modify redox-sensitive proteins or lipids. After caudal fin amputation, tight spatiotemporal regulation of ROS is required first for wound healing and later to initiate the regenerative program. However, the mechanisms carrying out this sustained ROS production and their integration with signaling pathways are still poorly understood. We focused on the early dialog between H2O2 and Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) during fin regeneration. We demonstrate that H2O2 controls Shh expression and that Shh in turn regulates the H2O2 level via a canonical pathway. Moreover, the means of this tight reciprocal control change during the successive phases of the regenerative program. Dysregulation of the Hedgehog pathway has been implicated in several developmental syndromes, diabetes and cancer. These data support the existence of an early positive crosstalk between Shh and H2O2 that might be more generally involved in various processes paving the way to improve regenerative processes, particularly in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Thauvin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Rodolphe Matias de Sousa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Marine Alves
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Faculty of Sciences, Paris, France
| | - Michel Volovitch
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Department of Biology, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Vriz
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Faculty of Sciences, Paris, France
| | - Christine Rampon
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Faculty of Sciences, Paris, France
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44
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Bindhani B, Maity S, Chakrabarti I, Saha SK. Roles of matrix metalloproteinases in development, immunology, and ovulation in fruit Fly (Drosophila). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 109:e21849. [PMID: 34779010 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), a protease enzyme, participates in proteolytic cleavage of extracellular matrix proteins from Drosophila and mammals. But, recent studies have revealed other physiologically important roles of MMP in Drosophila. MMP contributes to cardioblast movement and distribution of collagen proteins during cardiogenesis in developing Drosophila. Tissue remodeling, especially tracheal development is also maintained by MMP. MMP regulates certain immunological functions in Drosophila such as wound repairing, plasmatocyte assemblage at the injured site of the basement membrane and glial response to axon degeneration in Drosophila nervous system. But, the contribution of MMP to tumor formation and metastasis in Drosophila has made it an interesting topic among researchers. Ovulation and egg laying are also found to be affected positively by MMP in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banani Bindhani
- Department of Zoology, Dinabandhu Andrews College (affiliated to University of Calcutta), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sulagna Maity
- Department of Zoology, Dinabandhu Andrews College (affiliated to University of Calcutta), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ipsit Chakrabarti
- Department of Zoology, Dinabandhu Andrews College (affiliated to University of Calcutta), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Samir Kumar Saha
- Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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45
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Klemm J, Stinchfield MJ, Harris RE. Necrosis-induced apoptosis promotes regeneration in Drosophila wing imaginal discs. Genetics 2021; 219:6365941. [PMID: 34740246 PMCID: PMC8570793 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Regeneration is a complex process that requires a coordinated genetic response to tissue loss. Signals from dying cells are crucial to this process and are best understood in the context of regeneration following programmed cell death, like apoptosis. Conversely, regeneration following unregulated forms of death, such as necrosis, have yet to be fully explored. Here, we have developed a method to investigate regeneration following necrosis using the Drosophila wing imaginal disc. We show that necrosis stimulates regeneration at an equivalent level to that of apoptosis-mediated cell death and activates a similar response at the wound edge involving localized JNK signaling. Unexpectedly, however, necrosis also results in significant apoptosis far from the site of ablation, which we have termed necrosis-induced apoptosis (NiA). This apoptosis occurs independent of changes at the wound edge and importantly does not rely on JNK signaling. Furthermore, we find that blocking NiA limits proliferation and subsequently inhibits regeneration, suggesting that tissues damaged by necrosis can activate programmed cell death at a distance from the injury to promote regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Klemm
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85728, USA
| | | | - Robin E Harris
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85728, USA
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46
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Lantz C, Becker A, Thorp EB. Can polarization of macrophage metabolism enhance cardiac regeneration? J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 160:87-96. [PMID: 34293342 PMCID: PMC8571050 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
While largely appreciated for their antimicrobial and repair functions, macrophages have emerged as indispensable for the development, homeostasis, and regeneration of tissue, including regeneration of the neonatal heart. Upon activation, mammalian neonatal macrophages express and secrete factors that coordinate angiogenesis, resolution of inflammation, and ultimately cardiomyocyte proliferation. This is contrary to adult macrophages in the adult heart, which are incapable of inducing significant levels of cardiac regeneration. The underlying mechanisms by which pro-regenerative macrophages are activated and regulated remain vague. A timely hypothesis is that macrophage metabolism contributes to this proliferative and regenerative potential. This is because we now appreciate the significant contributions of metabolites to immune cell programming and function, beyond solely bioenergetics. After birth, the metabolic milieu of the neonate is subject to significant alterations in oxygenation and nutrient supply, which will affect how metabolic substrates are catabolized. In this context, we discuss potential roles for select macrophage metabolic pathways during cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Lantz
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amanda Becker
- Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; The Division of Critical Care Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Edward B Thorp
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; The Heart Center, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA.
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47
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Eleftherianos I, Heryanto C, Bassal T, Zhang W, Tettamanti G, Mohamed A. Haemocyte-mediated immunity in insects: Cells, processes and associated components in the fight against pathogens and parasites. Immunology 2021; 164:401-432. [PMID: 34233014 PMCID: PMC8517599 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The host defence of insects includes a combination of cellular and humoral responses. The cellular arm of the insect innate immune system includes mechanisms that are directly mediated by haemocytes (e.g., phagocytosis, nodulation and encapsulation). In addition, melanization accompanying coagulation, clot formation and wound healing, nodulation and encapsulation processes leads to the formation of cytotoxic redox-cycling melanin precursors and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. However, demarcation between cellular and humoral immune reactions as two distinct categories is not straightforward. This is because many humoral factors affect haemocyte functions and haemocytes themselves are an important source of many humoral molecules. There is also a considerable overlap between cellular and humoral immune functions that span from recognition of foreign intruders to clot formation. Here, we review these immune reactions starting with the cellular mechanisms that limit haemolymph loss and participate in wound healing and clot formation and advancing to cellular functions that are critical in restricting pathogen movement and replication. This information is important because it highlights that insect cellular immunity is controlled by a multilayered system, different components of which are activated by different pathogens or during the different stages of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Eleftherianos
- Infection and Innate Immunity LaboratoryDepartment of Biological SciencesInstitute for Biomedical SciencesThe George Washington UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Christa Heryanto
- Infection and Innate Immunity LaboratoryDepartment of Biological SciencesInstitute for Biomedical SciencesThe George Washington UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Taha Bassal
- Department of EntomologyFaculty of ScienceCairo UniversityGizaEgypt
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringKey Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of EducationGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Gianluca Tettamanti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life SciencesUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
- BAT Center‐Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro‐Environmental TechnologyUniversity of Napoli Federico IINapoliItaly
| | - Amr Mohamed
- Department of EntomologyFaculty of ScienceCairo UniversityGizaEgypt
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48
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An Open Question: Is Non-Ionizing Radiation a Tool for Controlling Apoptosis-Induced Proliferation? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011159. [PMID: 34681819 PMCID: PMC8537877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-ionizing radiation is commonly used in the clinical setting, despite its known ability to trigger oxidative stress and apoptosis, which can lead to damage and cell death. Although induction of cell death is typically considered harmful, apoptosis can also be beneficial in the right context. For example, cell death can serve as the signal for new tissue growth, such as in apoptosis-induced proliferation. Recent data has shown that exposure to non-ionizing radiation (such as weak static magnetic fields, weak radiofrequency magnetic fields, and weak electromagnetic fields) is able to modulate proliferation, both in cell culture and in living organisms (for example during tissue regeneration). This occurs via in vivo changes in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are canonical activators of apoptosis. This review will describe the literature that highlights the tantalizing possibility that non-ionizing radiation could be used to manipulate apoptosis-induced proliferation to either promote growth (for regenerative medicine) or inhibit it (for cancer therapies). However, as uncontrolled growth can lead to tumorigenesis, much more research into this exciting and developing area is needed in order to realize its promise.
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49
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Buhlman LM, Krishna G, Jones TB, Thomas TC. Drosophila as a model to explore secondary injury cascades after traumatic brain injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112079. [PMID: 34463269 PMCID: PMC8458259 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophilae are emerging as a valuable model to study traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced secondary injury cascades that drive persisting neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative pathology that imposes significant risk for long-term neurological deficits. As in mammals, TBI in Drosophila triggers axonal injury, metabolic crisis, oxidative stress, and a robust innate immune response. Subsequent neurodegeneration stresses quality control systems and perpetuates an environment for neuroprotection, regeneration, and delayed cell death via highly conserved cell signaling pathways. Fly injury models continue to be developed and validated for both whole-body and head-specific injury to isolate, evaluate, and modulate these parallel pathways. In conjunction with powerful genetic tools, the ability for longitudinal evaluation, and associated neurological deficits that can be tested with established behavioral tasks, Drosophilae are an attractive model to explore secondary injury cascades and therapeutic intervention after TBI. Here, we review similarities and differences between mammalian and fly pathophysiology and highlight strategies for their use in translational neurotrauma research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori M Buhlman
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA.
| | - Gokul Krishna
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - T Bucky Jones
- Department of Anatomy, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Theresa Currier Thomas
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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50
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Hounsell C, Fan Y. The Duality of Caspases in Cancer, as Told through the Fly. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8927. [PMID: 34445633 PMCID: PMC8396359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspases, a family of cysteine-aspartic proteases, have an established role as critical components in the activation and initiation of apoptosis. Alongside this a variety of non-apoptotic caspase functions in proliferation, differentiation, cellular plasticity and cell migration have been reported. The activity level and context are important factors in determining caspase function. As a consequence of their critical role in apoptosis and beyond, caspases are uniquely situated to have pathological roles, including in cancer. Altered caspase function is a common trait in a variety of cancers, with apoptotic evasion defined as a "hallmark of cancer". However, the role that caspases play in cancer is much more complex, acting both to prevent and to promote tumourigenesis. This review focuses on the major findings in Drosophila on the dual role of caspases in tumourigenesis. This has major implications for cancer treatments, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, with the activation of apoptosis being the end goal. However, such treatments may inadvertently have adverse effects on promoting tumour progression and acerbating the cancer. A comprehensive understanding of the dual role of caspases will aid in the development of successful cancer therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yun Fan
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
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