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Rodríguez-Míguez Y, Lozano-Ordaz V, Ortiz-Cabrera AE, Barrios-Payan J, Mata-Espinosa D, Huerta-Yepez S, Baay-Guzman G, Hernández-Pando R. Effect of IL-17A on the immune response to pulmonary tuberculosis induced by high- and low-virulence strains of Mycobacterium bovis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307307. [PMID: 39024223 PMCID: PMC11257284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious, chronic, and progressive disease occurring globally. Human TB is caused mainly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), while the main causative agent of bovine TB is Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis). The latter is one of the most important cattle pathogens and is considered the main cause of zoonotic TB worldwide. The mechanisms responsible for tissue damage (necrosis) during post-primary TB remain elusive. Recently, IL-17A was reported to be important for protection against M. tuberculosis infection, but it is also related to the production of an intense inflammatory response associated with necrosis. We used two M. bovis isolates with different levels of virulence and high IL-17A production to study this important cytokine's contrasting functions in a BALB/c mouse model of pulmonary TB. In the first part of the study, the gene expression kinetics and cellular sources of IL-17A were determined by real time PCR and immunohistochemistry respectively. Non-infected lungs showed low production of IL-17A, particularly by the bronchial epithelium, while lungs infected with the low-virulence 534 strain showed high IL-17A expression on Day 3 post-infection, followed by a decrease in expression in the early stage of the infection and another increase during late infection, on Day 60, when very low bacillary burdens were found. In contrast, infection with the highly virulent strain 04-303 induced a peak of IL-17A expression on Day 14 of infection, 1 week before extensive pulmonary necrosis was seen, being lymphocytes and macrophages the most important sources. In the second part of the study, the contribution of IL-17A to immune protection and pulmonary necrosis was evaluated by suppressing IL-17A via the administration of specific blocking antibodies. Infection with M. bovis strain 534 and treatment with IL-17A neutralizing antibodies did not affect mouse survival but produced a significant increase in bacillary load and a non-significant decrease in inflammatory infiltrate and granuloma area. In contrast, mice infected with the highly virulent 04-303 strain and treated with IL-17A blocking antibodies showed a significant decrease in survival, an increase in bacillary loads on Day 24 post-infection, and significantly more and earlier necrosis. Our results suggest that high expression of IL-17A is more related to protection than necrosis in a mouse model of pulmonary TB induced by M. bovis strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadira Rodríguez-Míguez
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Patología, Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vasti Lozano-Ordaz
- Departamento de Patología, Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angel E. Ortiz-Cabrera
- Departamento de Patología, Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Barrios-Payan
- Departamento de Patología, Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dulce Mata-Espinosa
- Departamento de Patología, Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sara Huerta-Yepez
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital Infantil de México “Federico Gómez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermina Baay-Guzman
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital Infantil de México “Federico Gómez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Departamento de Patología, Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
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Mukhopadhyay S, Pahuja I, Okieh AA, Pandey D, Yadav V, Bhaskar A, Dwivedi VP. Bergenin potentiates BCG efficacy by enriching mycobacteria-specific adaptive memory responses via the Akt-Foxo-Stat4 axis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2024; 147:102517. [PMID: 38733881 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2024.102517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The extensive inability of the BCG vaccine to produce long-term immune protection has not only accelerated the disease burden but also progressed towards the onset of drug resistance. In our previous study, we have reported the promising effects of Bergenin (Berg) in imparting significant protection as an adjunct immunomodulator against tuberculosis (TB). In congruence with our investigations, we delineated the impact of Berg on T cells, wherein it enhanced adaptive memory responses by modulating key transcription factors, STAT4 and Akt. We translated this finding into the vaccine model of TB and observed a notable reduction in the burden of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) in BCG-Berg co-immunized mice as compared to BCG vaccination. Moreover, Berg, along with BCG, also aided in a heightened proinflammatory response milieu that corroborates the host protective immune response against TB. Furthermore, this response aligns with the escalated central and resident memory responses by modulating the Akt-Foxo-Stat4 axis, which plays a crucial role in enhancing the vaccine efficacy of BCG. These findings showcase the utilization of immunomodulator Berg as an immunoprophylactic agent to upgrade immunological memory, making it a more effective defender against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suparba Mukhopadhyay
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Isha Pahuja
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ahmed Abdallah Okieh
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Darshana Pandey
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India; Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Vinod Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Ashima Bhaskar
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ved Prakash Dwivedi
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
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Pahuja I, Verma A, Ghoshal A, Mukhopadhyay S, Kumari A, Shaji A, Chaturvedi S, Dwivedi VP, Bhaskar A. Biapenem, a Carbapenem Antibiotic, Elicits Mycobacteria Specific Immune Responses and Reduces the Recurrence of Tuberculosis. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0085823. [PMID: 37272833 PMCID: PMC10434282 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00858-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) still tops the list of global health burdens even after COVID-19. However, it will sooner transcend the current pandemic due to the prevailing risk of reactivation of latent TB in immunocompromised individuals. The indiscriminate misuse and overuse of antibiotics have resulted in the emergence of deadly drug-resistant variants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). This study aims to characterize the functionality of the carbapenem antibiotic-Biapenem (BPM) in generating long-lasting immunity against TB. BPM treatment significantly boosted the activation status of the innate immune arm-macrophages by augmenting p38 signaling. Macrophages further primed and activated the adaptive immune cells CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in the lung and spleen of the infected mice model. Furthermore, BPM treatment significantly amplified the polarization of T lymphocytes toward inflammatory subsets, such as Th1 and Th17. The treatment also helped generate a long-lived central memory T-cell subset. The generation of central memory T lymphocyte subset upon BPM treatment in the murine model led to a significant curtailing in the recurrence of TB due to reactivation and reinfection. These results suggest the potentiality of BPM as a potent adjunct immunomodulator to improve host defense against M.tb by enriching long-term protective memory cells. IMPORTANCE Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) tops the list of infectious killers around the globe. The emergence of drug-resistant variants of M.tb has been a major hindrance toward realizing the "END TB" goal. Drug resistance has amplified the global burden toward the quest for novel drug molecules targeting M.tb. Host-directed therapy (HDT) offers a lucrative alternative to tackle emerging drug resistance and disease relapse by strengthening the host's immunity. Through our present study, we have tried to characterize the functionality of the carbapenem antibiotic-Biapenem (BPM). BPM treatment significantly augmented long-lasting immunity against TB by boosting the innate and adaptive immune arms. The generation of long-lived central memory T lymphocyte subset significantly improved the disease outcome and provided sterilizing immunity in the murine model of TB. The present investigation's encouraging results have helped us depict BPM as a potent adjunct immunomodulator for treating TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Pahuja
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Antara Ghoshal
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Suparba Mukhopadhyay
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Anjna Kumari
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Aishwarya Shaji
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivam Chaturvedi
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ved Prakash Dwivedi
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashima Bhaskar
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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Lupea-Chilom DS, Solovan CS, Farcas SS, Gogulescu A, Andreescu NI. Latent Tuberculosis in Psoriasis Patients on Biologic Therapies: Real-World Data from a Care Center in Romania. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1015. [PMID: 37374219 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59061015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Psoriasis is a chronic and inflammatory condition that has a huge impact on the patient's quality of life. Biological treatment improved psoriasis therapy, with impressive results seen in the evolution of the disease and the patient's quality of life. However, the risk of mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection reactivation is well-known to biological therapy, which raises problems especially in an endemic country. Materials and Methods: In this study, we followed moderate to severe psoriasis patients who had latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) following treatment with a biological therapy approved in Romania. Results: The patients were evaluated at baseline and then followed-up with Mantoux tests and chest X-rays every year, resulting in 54 patients being diagnosed with LTBI. At the initial evaluation, 30 patients with LTBI were identified, and 24 more were identified during biological therapy. These patients were given prophylactic treatment. Out of the 97 participants in this retrospective study, 25 required association of methotrexate (MTX) alongside biological therapy. We compared the prevalence of positive Mantoux tests in patients with combined therapy with that of patients only on biological treatment, and the results were higher in the combined therapy group. Conclusion: All the patients in the study were vaccinated against tuberculosis (TB) after birth, and none were diagnosed with active tuberculosis (aTB) before or after the start of therapy according to the pulmonologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doriana-Sorina Lupea-Chilom
- Department of Dermatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babeş", Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Caius Silviu Solovan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babeş", Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Simona Sorina Farcas
- Department of Microscopic Morphology-Genetics, Center of Genomic Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Armand Gogulescu
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babeş", Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Ioana Andreescu
- Department of Microscopic Morphology-Genetics, Center of Genomic Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Kathamuthu GR, Moideen K, Sridhar R, Baskaran D, Babu S. Systemic Levels of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Post-Treatment Modulation in Tuberculous Lymphadenitis. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8030150. [PMID: 36977151 PMCID: PMC10053505 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8030150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokines are potent stimulators of inflammation and immunity and markers of infection severity and bacteriological burden in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Interferons could have both host-protective and detrimental effects on tuberculosis disease. However, their role has not been studied in tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBL). Thus, we evaluated the systemic pro-inflammatory (interleukin (IL)-12, IL-23, interferon (IFN)α, and IFNβ) cytokine levels in TBL, latent tuberculosis (LTBI), and healthy control (HC) individuals. In addition, we also measured the baseline (BL) and post-treatment (PT) systemic levels in TBL individuals. We demonstrate that TBL individuals are characterized by increased pro-inflammatory (IL-12, IL-23, IFNα, IFNβ) cytokines when compared to LTBI and HC individuals. We also show that after anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT) completion, the systemic levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly modulated in TBL individuals. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed IL-23, IFNα, and IFNβ significantly discriminated TBL disease from LTBI and/or HC individuals. Hence, our study demonstrates the altered systemic levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and their reversal after ATT, suggesting that they are markers of disease pathogenesis/severity and altered immune regulation in TBL disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Raj Kathamuthu
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai 600 031, India
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai 600 031, India
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Solna, Sweden
- Correspondence:
| | - Kadar Moideen
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai 600 031, India
| | | | - Dhanaraj Baskaran
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai 600 031, India
| | - Subash Babu
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai 600 031, India
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0425, USA
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Liang Y, Li X, Yang Y, Xiao L, Liang Y, Mi J, Xue Y, Gong W, Wang L, Wang J, Zhang J, Shi Y, Peng B, Chen X, Zhao W, Wu X. Preventive effects of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA vaccines on the mouse model with latent tuberculosis infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1110843. [PMID: 36860878 PMCID: PMC9968874 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1110843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background About a quarter of the world's population with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) are the main source of active tuberculosis. Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) cannot effectively control LTBI individuals from developing diseases. Latency-related antigens can induce T lymphocytes of LTBI individuals to produce higher IFN-γ levels than tuberculosis patients and normal subjects. Herein, we firstly compared the effects of M. tuberculosis (MTB) ag85ab and 7 latent DNA vaccines on clearing latent MTB and preventing its activation in the mouse LTBI model. Methods A mouse LTBI model was established, and then immunized respectively with PBS, pVAX1 vector, Vaccae vaccine, ag85ab DNA and 7 kinds of latent DNAs (including rv1733c, rv2660c, rv1813c, rv2029c, rv2628, rv2659c and rv3407) for three times. The mice with LTBI were injected with hydroprednisone to activate the latent MTB. Then, the mice were sacrificed for the bacterial count, histopathological examination, and immunological evaluation. Results Using chemotherapy made the MTB latent in the infected mice, and then using hormone treatment reactivated the latent MTB, indicating that the mouse LTBI model was successfully established. After the mouse LTBI model was immunized with the vaccines, the lung colony-forming units (CFUs) and lesion degree of mice in all vaccines group were significantly decreased than those in the PBS group and vector group (P<0.0001, P<0.05). These vaccines could induce antigen-specific cellular immune responses. The number of IFN-γ effector T cells spots secreted by spleen lymphocytes in the ag85ab DNA group was significantly increased than those in the control groups (P<0.05). In the splenocyte culture supernatant, IFN-γ and IL-2 levels in the ag85ab, rv2029c, and rv2659c DNA groups significantly increased (P<0.05), and IL-17A levels in ag85ab and rv2659c DNA groups also significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the PBS and vector groups, the proportion of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in spleen lymphocytes of ag85ab, rv2660c, rv2029c, and rv3407 DNA groups were significantly reduced (P<0.05). Conclusions MTB ag85ab and 7 kinds of latent DNA vaccines showed immune preventive efficacies on a mouse model of LTBI, especially the rv2659c, and rv1733c DNA. Our findings will provide candidates for the development of new multi-stage vaccines against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,Department of Respiration, Hengdong People’s Hospital, Hengyang, China
| | - Yourong Yang
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Respiration, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yumei Liang
- Department of Pathology, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Mi
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Xue
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenping Gong
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junxian Zhang
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchang Shi
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bizhen Peng
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weiguo Zhao
- Department of Respiration, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Weiguo Zhao, ; Xueqiong Wu,
| | - Xueqiong Wu
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Weiguo Zhao, ; Xueqiong Wu,
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Zhou Y, Xiang C, Wang N, Zhang X, Xie Y, Yang H, Guo G, Liu K, Li Y, Shi Y. Acinetobacter baumannii reinforces the pathogenesis by promoting IL-17 production in a mouse pneumonia model. Med Microbiol Immunol 2023; 212:65-73. [PMID: 36463365 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-022-00757-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is involved in host defense against bacterial infection. Little is known about the role of IL-17 in A. baumannii-infected pneumonia. Our objective was to investigate the role of IL-17 in pulmonary A. baumannii infection in a mouse model. We infected C57BL/6 mice intra-tracheally (i.t.) with A. baumannii to establish pneumonia model and found A. baumannii infection elevated IL-17 expression in lungs. IL-17-deficient (Il17-/-) mice were resistant to pulmonary A. baumannii infection, showing improved mice survival, reduced bacteria burdens, and alleviated lung inflammation. Further, treatment of A. baumannii-infected Il17-/- mice with IL-17 exacerbated the severity of pneumonia. These data suggest a pathogenic role of IL-17 in pulmonary A. baumannii infection. Further, the infiltration and phagocytic function of neutrophils in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid were detected by flow cytometry. The results showed that Il17-/- mice had increased neutrophil infiltration and enhanced phagocytosis in neutrophils at the early time of infection. Treatment of mice with IL-17 suppressed phagocytic function of neutrophils. All data suggest that IL-17 promotes susceptibility of mice to pulmonary A. baumannii infection by suppressing neutrophil phagocytosis at early time of infection. Targeting IL-17 might be a potential therapeutic strategy in controlling the outcome of A. baumannii pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhou
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuanying Xiang
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ning Wang
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Xie
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Yang
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Guo
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Kaiyun Liu
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Li
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yun Shi
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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8
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Zheng Y, Guo X, Chen C, Chi L, Guo Z, Liang J, Wei L, Chen X, Ye X, He J. Toxicity signals associated with secukinumab: A pharmacovigilance study based on the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System database. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 89:865-873. [PMID: 36106653 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Secukinumab, the first interleukin 17A inhibitor, is widely used to treat immune diseases, including plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Recently, many studies have reported adverse events associated with secukinumab, including gastrointestinal disorders, infections and infestations, and hypersensitive and nervous system disorders. OBJECTIVE Here, we aimed to explore the clinical characteristics, outcomes and time to onset of the four main toxicities of secukinumab using post-marketing data. METHODS Our study utilized data from the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database from 2015 to 2021, using disproportionality analysis. Toxicities were defined based on the standardized Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities queries. Two disproportionality methods were used to detect potential signals: information component (IC) and reporting odds ratio (ROR). The signals were defined as ROR025 > 1 and IC025 > 0. RESULTS A total of 73 945 398 records were included in this study, of which 300 665 records were related to secukinumab. Diarrhoea (N = 3538), nasopharyngitis (N = 3458), pruritus (N = 4277) and rash (N = 3270) were the most common adverse events. Inflammatory bowel disease (IC025 /ROR025 = 3.25/9.69), genital candidiasis (IC025 /ROR025 = 3.46/11.54), dermatitis psoriasiform (IC025 /ROR025 = 1.94/4.04) and anosmia (IC025 /ROR025 = 1.62/3.17) had the highest IC025 values of all toxicities. The time to onset of the four toxicities was mainly concentrated in the first month. Some patients simultaneously presented with two or more toxicities. CONCLUSION This pharmacovigilance study systematically explored the four main toxicities of secukinumab and provided new safety signals based on past safety information. Some high-risk signals need to be given attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- Department of Health Statistics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Guo
- Department of Health Statistics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxin Chen
- Department of Health Statistics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijie Chi
- Department of Health Statistics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijian Guo
- Department of Health Statistics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jizhou Liang
- Department of Health Statistics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianhui Wei
- Department of Health Statistics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Health Statistics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Ye
- Department of Health Statistics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia He
- Department of Health Statistics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Kumar NP, Babu S. Impact of diabetes mellitus on immunity to latent tuberculosis infection. FRONTIERS IN CLINICAL DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE 2023; 4:1095467. [PMID: 36993821 PMCID: PMC10012073 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2023.1095467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that poses a major health threat and is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Following exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) bacilli, hosts who fail to clear M.tb end up in a state of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), in which the bacteria are contained but not eliminated. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a noncommunicable disease that can weaken host immunity and lead to increased susceptibility to various infectious diseases. Despite numerous studies on the relationship between DM and active TB, data on the association between DM and LTBI remains limited. Immunological data suggest that LTBI in the presence of DM leads to an impaired production of protective cytokines and poly-functional T cell responses, accounting for a potential immunological mechanism that could leads to an increased risk of active TB. This review highlights the salient features of the immunological underpinnings influencing the interaction between TB and DM in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathella Pavan Kumar
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
- *Correspondence: Nathella Pavan Kumar, ,
| | - Subash Babu
- International Centre for Excellence in Research, National Institutes of Health, Chennai, India
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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10
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Zou S, Xiang Y, Guo W, Zhu Q, Wu S, Tan Y, Yan Y, Shen L, Feng Y, Liang K. Phenotype and function of peripheral blood γδ T cells in HIV infection with tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1071880. [PMID: 36619740 PMCID: PMC9816428 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1071880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although γδ T cells play an essential role in immunity against Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) or Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), they are poorly described in HIV infection with tuberculosis (TB). Methods The phenotypic and functional properties of peripheral blood γδ T cells in patients with HIV/TB co-infection were analyzed compared to healthy controls and patients with HIV mono-infection or TB by direct intracellular cytokine staining (ICS). Results The percentage of Vδ1 subset in HIV/TB group was significantly higher than that in TB group, while the decreased frequency of the Vδ2 and Vγ2Vδ2 subsets were observed in HIV/TB group than in TB group. The percentage of CD4+CD8- Vδ2 subset in HIV/TB group was markedly lower than in TB group. However, the percentage of CD4+CD8+ Vδ2 subset in HIV/TB group was markedly higher than HIV group or TB group. A lower percentage TNF-α and a higher percentage of IL-17A of Vδ2 subset were observed in HIV/TB group than that in HIV mono-infection. The percentage of perforin-producing Vδ2 subset was significantly lower in HIV/TB group than that in HIV group and TB group. Conclusions Our data suggested that HIV/TB co-infection altered the balance of γδ T cell subsets. The influence of HIV/TB co-infection on the function of γδ T cells to produce cytokines was complicated, which will shed light on further investigations on the mechanisms of the immune response against HIV and/or MTB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanni Xiang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China,Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan Institute for Tuberculosis Control, Wuhan, China
| | - Songjie Wu
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China,Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuting Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yajun Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, United States,*Correspondence: Ling Shen, ; Yong Feng, ; Ke Liang,
| | - Yong Feng
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Ling Shen, ; Yong Feng, ; Ke Liang,
| | - Ke Liang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China,Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Engineering Center for Infectious Disease Prevention, Control and Treatment, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Ling Shen, ; Yong Feng, ; Ke Liang,
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11
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MASTORINO L, DAPAVO P, TRUNFIO M, AVALLONE G, RUBATTO M, CALCAGNO A, RIBERO S, QUAGLINO P. Risk of Reactivation of Latent Tuberculosis in Psoriasis Patients on Biologic Therapies: A Retrospective Cohort from a Tertiary Care Centre in Northern Italy. Acta Derm Venereol 2022; 102:adv00821. [PMID: 36065745 PMCID: PMC9811291 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v102.1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriatic patients with latent tuberculosis infection and properly treated active tuberculosis need careful management when prescribing modern biological drugs. Although data and guidelines regarding tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitors advise caution and initiation of prophylactic therapy in patients with latent tuberculosis infection, the same indications do not seem to find equal force for interleukin (IL)-23 and IL-17 inhibitors. In order to evaluate the risk of reactivation in patients with latent tuberculosis infection or properly treated active tuberculosis, an observational retrospective study was conducted on the population referred to our centre at Dermatologic Clinic of University of Turin, Italy. In the last 10 years at the clinic 19 psoriatic patients were found to be at risk of tuberculosis reactivation: 10 patients were QuantiFERON- TB-positive at baseline, 2 became positive during treatment, 6 reported prior tuberculous infection, and 1 was QuantiFERON-TB-negative at baseline and developed disseminated tuberculosis during treatment with anti-tumour necrosis factor-α. Overall, 10.5% of this group of patients developed active tuberculosis; however, stratifying by biologic therapy, zero cases were observed among patients treated with anti-IL-17, -23, or -12/23 over a relatively long follow-up (48.1 months) A review of the available literature following our experience confirms the increased risk of tuberculosis reactivation with tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitors. Concerning anti-IL-23 and IL-17 drugs, available data showed high safety in patients at risk of tuberculosis reactivation. Screening of patients who should be taking IL-17 and IL-23 inhibitors is recommended for public health purposes. In case of a positive result with these therapies, consulting with an infectious diseases specialist is suggested in order to weigh up the risks and benefits of prophylactic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo DAPAVO
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences
| | - Mattia TRUNFIO
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea CALCAGNO
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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12
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Li HM, Wang LJ, Huang Q, Pan HF, Zhang TP. Exploring the association between Th17 pathway gene polymorphisms and pulmonary tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:994247. [PMID: 36483566 PMCID: PMC9723456 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.994247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Th17 cells play a key role in immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), and this study aimed to explore the association of Th17 pathway gene polymorphisms with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) susceptibility in a Chinese population. A total of 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms in Th17 pathway genes (IL-17A gene rs2275913, rs3748067, rs8193036, rs3819024, IL-17F gene rs7741835, rs763780, IL-21 gene rs907715, rs2055979, IL-23R gene rs11805303, and rs7518660) were genotyped in 456 PTB patients and 466 controls using SNPscan technique. The IL-23R rs11805303 CC genotype, C allele frequencies were significantly lower in PTB patients than in controls, and the rs11805303 variant was significantly associated with the reduced risk of PTB in a recessive model. There were no significant associations between IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-21 gene variations and PTB risk. In IL-17A gene, rs2275913, rs3748067, and rs3819024 variants were associated with drug resistance in PTB patients. In IL-17F gene, rs7741835 variant affected drug resistance, and rs763780 variant was associated with hypoproteinemia in PTB patients. In addition, the lower frequencies of the TT genotype, T allele of rs2055979 were found in PTB patients with drug-induced liver injury. Haplotype analysis showed that IL-23R CG haplotype frequency was significantly lower in PTB patients than in controls, while the TG haplotype frequency was higher. In conclusion, IL-23R rs11805303 polymorphism may contribute to the genetic underpinnings of PTB in the Chinese population, and the IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-21 genetic variations are associated with several clinical manifestations of PTB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Miao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China,Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li-Jun Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Public Health, Medical Department, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China,*Correspondence: Tian-Ping Zhang, ; Hai-Feng Pan,
| | - Tian-Ping Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China,*Correspondence: Tian-Ping Zhang, ; Hai-Feng Pan,
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13
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Ngoc CT, Khoa BD, Nguyen HK, Le LB, Hiep DV, Duc NM. Active pulmonary tuberculosis in a patient with secukinumab treatment. Radiol Case Rep 2022; 18:239-242. [PMID: 36340221 PMCID: PMC9633737 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2022.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous investigations have documented active tuberculosis (TB) infection following biologic treatment. One of the most secure biologic medications for infections is secukinumab. Additionally, no cases of active TB while receiving secukinumab therapy were recorded. Secukinumab 150 mg per month has been administered for a 19-year-old man with spondyloarthritis since May 2020. A diagnosis of pulmonary TB was made when the patient complained of a moderate fever, a productive cough, and weight loss after 2 years. His fever and respiratory symptoms were relieved after 6 weeks of treatment by stopping secukinumab and utilizing 4 antibiotics: isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol, while non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs reduced his joint and back discomfort. During biological therapy, even with secukinumab, annual screening for latent and active TB is crucial. We require additional study on secukinumab-treated patients with active TB in nations with high TB burdens, including Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Thanh Ngoc
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam,Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Bui Dang Khoa
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Huynh Khoi Nguyen
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Le Bao Le
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Dang Vinh Hiep
- Department of Radiography, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Minh Duc
- Department of Radiology, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, 2 Duong Quang Trung Ward 12 District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam,Corresponding author.
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14
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Ojuawo O, Allen R, Hagan G, Piracha S. Disseminated tuberculosis associated with deficient interleukin-23/tyrosine kinase 2 signalling. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e250479. [PMID: 35999022 PMCID: PMC9403147 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-250479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The disseminated form of the disease has a worse prognosis and is commonly associated with primary and acquired immunodeficiency states such as HIV/AIDS, post-organ transplant and malnutrition. However, disseminated TB in the context of isolated impaired cellular responses to interleukin (IL)-23 due to tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) deficiency has been rarely reported. We highlight the case of a young woman with pulmonary and central nervous system TB associated with previously undiagnosed IL-23/TYK2 signalling defects causing impaired response to IL-23. A significant clinical improvement was observed after introduction of adjunctive interferon-gamma therapy to her anti-tuberculous medications. This case emphasises the need to broadly evaluate for potential immune deficiencies in poorly responding patients with fully sensitive TB as well as the potential benefits of interferon-gamma therapy in patients with certain immune defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olutobi Ojuawo
- Respiratory Medicine, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ryan Allen
- Respiratory Medicine, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Guy Hagan
- Respiratory Medicine, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Shahbaz Piracha
- Respiratory Medicine, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
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15
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Beever A, Kachour N, Owens J, Sasaninia K, Kolloli A, Kumar R, Ramasamy S, Sisliyan C, Khamas W, Subbian S, Venketaraman V. L-GSH Supplementation in Conjunction With Rifampicin Augments the Treatment Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a Diabetic Mouse Model. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:879729. [PMID: 35814213 PMCID: PMC9263396 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.879729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Both active tuberculosis (TB) and asymptomatic latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) infection (LTBI) cause significant health burdens to humans worldwide. Individuals with immunocompromising health conditions, such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), have a weakened ability to control M. tb infection and are more susceptible to reactivation of LTBI to active diseases. T2DM cases are known to have glutathione (GSH) deficiency and impaired immune cell function, including the granulomatous response to M. tb infection. We have previously reported that liposomal glutathione (L-GSH) supplementation can restore the immune cell effector responses of T2DM cases. However, the effects of L-GSH supplementation on the bactericidal activities of first-line anti-TB drug rifampicin (RIF) against M. tb infection have yet to be explored. The aim of this study is to elucidate the effects of L-GSH supplementation in conjunction with RIF treatment during an active M. tb infection in a diabetic mouse model. In this study, we evaluated total and reduced levels of GSH, cytokine profiles, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, M. tb burden, and granulomatous response in the lungs. We show that L-GSH supplementation caused a significant reduction in M. tb burden in the lungs, decreased oxidative stress, and increased the production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17, IL-10, and TGF-β1compared to the untreated mice. In addition, L-GSH supplementation in conjunction with RIF treatment achieved better control of M. tb infection in the lungs and significantly reduced the levels of oxidative stress compared to treatment with RIF alone. Moreover, L-GSH in conjunction with RIF significantly increased TGF-β1 levels compared to treatment with RIF alone. These findings suggest potential therapeutic benefits of L-GSH supplementation in conjunction with first-line antibiotic therapy against M. tb infection in individuals with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrianna Beever
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Nala Kachour
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - James Owens
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Kayvan Sasaninia
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Afsal Kolloli
- Public Health Research Institute(PHRI) Center at New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Ranjeet Kumar
- Public Health Research Institute(PHRI) Center at New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Santhamani Ramasamy
- Public Health Research Institute(PHRI) Center at New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Christina Sisliyan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Wael Khamas
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute(PHRI) Center at New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Vishwanath Venketaraman,
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16
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Pro- and anti-inflammatory bioactive lipids imbalance contributes to the pathobiology of autoimmune diseases. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022:10.1038/s41430-022-01173-8. [PMID: 35701524 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01173-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are driven by TH17 cells that secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially IL-17. Under normal physiological conditions, autoreactive T cells are suppressed by TGF-β and IL-10 secreted by microglia and dendritic cells. When this balance is upset due to injury, infection and other causes, leukocyte recruitment and macrophage activation occurs resulting in secretion of pro-inflammatory IL-6, TNF-α, IL-17 and PGE2, LTs (leukotrienes) accompanied by a deficiency of anti-inflammatory LXA4, resolvins, protecting, and maresins. PGE2 facilitates TH1 cell differentiation and promotes immune-mediated inflammation through TH17 expansion. There is evidence to suggest that autoimmune diseases can be suppressed by anti-inflammatory bioactive lipids LXA4, resolvins, protecting, and maresins. These results imply that systemic and/or local application of LXA4, resolvins, protecting, and maresins and administration of their precursors AA/EPA/DHA could form a potential therapeutic approach in the prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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17
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Kathamuthu GR, Sridhar R, Baskaran D, Babu S. Dominant expansion of CD4+, CD8+ T and NK cells expressing Th1/Tc1/Type 1 cytokines in culture-positive lymph node tuberculosis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269109. [PMID: 35617254 PMCID: PMC9135291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymph node culture-positive tuberculosis (LNTB+) is associated with increased mycobacterial antigen-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production compared to LN culture-negative tuberculosis (LNTB-). However, the frequencies of CD4+, CD8+ T cells and NK cells expressing Th1/Tc1/Type 1 (IFNγ, TNFα, IL-2), Th17/Tc17/Type 17 (IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22) cytokines and cytotoxic (perforin [PFN], granzyme [GZE] B, CD107a) markers in LNTB+ and LNTB- individuals are not known. Thus, we have studied the unstimulated (UNS) and mycobacterial antigen-induced frequencies of CD4+, CD8+ T and NK cells expressing Th1, Th17 cytokines and cytotoxic markers using flow cytometry. The frequencies of CD4+, CD8+ T and NK cells expressing cytokines and cytotoxic markers were not significantly different between LNTB+ and LNTB- individuals in UNS condition. In contrast, upon Mtb antigen stimulation, LNTB+ individuals are associated with significantly increased frequencies of CD4+ T cells (PPD [IFNγ, TNFα], ESAT-6 PP [IFNγ, TNFα], CFP-10 PP [IFNγ, TNFα, IL-2]), CD8+ T cells (PPD [IFNγ], ESAT-6 PP [IFNγ], CFP-10 PP [TNFα]) and NK cells (PPD [IFNγ, TNFα], ESAT-6 PP [IFNγ, TNFα], CFP-10 PP [TNFα]) expressing Th1/Tc1/Type 1, but not Th17/Tc17/Type 17 cytokines and cytotoxic markers compared to LNTB- individuals. LNTB+ individuals did not show any significant alterations in the frequencies of CD4+, CD8+ T cells and NK cells expressing cytokines and cytotoxic markers compared to LNTB- individuals upon HIV Gag PP and P/I antigen stimulation. Increased frequencies of CD4+, CD8+ T and NK cells expressing Th1/Tc1/Type 1 cytokines among the LNTB+ group indicates that the presence of mycobacteria plays a dominant role in the activation of key correlates of immune protection or induces higher immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Raj Kathamuthu
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai, India
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Dhanaraj Baskaran
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai, India
| | - Subash Babu
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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18
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Liposomal Glutathione Helps to Mitigate Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in the Lungs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040673. [PMID: 35453358 PMCID: PMC9031130 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is responsible for causing significant morbidity and mortality, especially among individuals with compromised immune systems. We have previously shown that the supplementation of liposomal glutathione (L-GSH) reduces M. tb viability and enhances a Th-1 cytokine response, promoting granuloma formation in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. However, the effects of L-GSH supplementation in modulating the immune responses in the lungs during an active M. tb infection have yet to be explored. In this article, we report the effects of L-GSH supplementation during an active M. tb infection in a mouse model of pulmonary infection. We determine the total GSH levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, cytokine profiles, granuloma formation, and M. tb burden in untreated and L-GSH-treated mice over time. In 40 mM L-GSH-supplemented mice, an increase in the total GSH levels was observed in the lungs. When compared to untreated mice, the treatment of M. tb-infected mice with 40 mM and 80 mM L-GSH resulted in a reduction in MDA levels in the lungs. L-GSH treatment also resulted in a significant increase in the levels of IL-12, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-17, and TNF-α in the lungs, while down-regulating the production of IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β in the lungs. A reduction in M. tb survival along with a decrease in granuloma size in the lungs of M. tb-infected mice was observed after L-GSH treatment. Our results show that the supplementation of mice with L-GSH led to increased levels of total GSH, which is associated with reduced oxidative stress, increased levels of granuloma-promoting cytokines, and decreased M. tb burden in the lung. These results illustrate how GSH can help mitigate M. tb infection and provide an insight into future therapeutic interventions.
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Essential Fatty Acids and Their Metabolites in the Pathobiology of Inflammation and Its Resolution. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121873. [PMID: 34944517 PMCID: PMC8699107 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism is critical in the initiation and resolution of inflammation. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene B4/D4/E4 (LTB4/LD4/LTE4), derived from AA, are involved in the initiation of inflammation and regulation of immune response, hematopoiesis, and M1 (pro-inflammatory) macrophage facilitation. Paradoxically, PGE2 suppresses interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production and triggers the production of lipoxin A4 (LXA4) from AA to initiate inflammation resolution process and augment regeneration of tissues. LXA4 suppresses PGE2 and LTs' synthesis and action and facilitates M2 macrophage generation to resolve inflammation. AA inactivates enveloped viruses including SARS-CoV-2. Macrophages, NK cells, T cells, and other immunocytes release AA and other bioactive lipids to produce their anti-microbial actions. AA, PGE2, and LXA4 have cytoprotective actions, regulate nitric oxide generation, and are critical to maintain cell shape and control cell motility and phagocytosis, and inflammation, immunity, and anti-microbial actions. Hence, it is proposed that AA plays a crucial role in the pathobiology of ischemia/reperfusion injury, sepsis, COVID-19, and other critical illnesses, implying that its (AA) administration may be of significant benefit in the prevention and amelioration of these diseases.
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Zare S, Kabiri M, Amini Y, Najafi A, Mohammadpour F, Ayati SH, Nikpoor AR, Tafaghodi M. Immunological Assessment of Chitosan or Trimethyl Chitosan-Coated PLGA Nanospheres Containing Fusion Antigen as the Novel Vaccine Candidates Against Tuberculosis. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 23:15. [PMID: 34893923 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02146-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The crucial challenge in tuberculosis (TB) as a chronic infectious disease is to present a novel vaccine candidate that improves current vaccination and provides efficient protection in individuals. The present study aimed to evaluate the immune efficacy of multi-subunit vaccines containing chitosan (CHT)- or trimethyl chitosan (TMC)-coated PLGA nanospheres to stimulate cell-mediated and mucosal responses against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (Mtb) in an animal model. The surface-modified PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) containing tri-fusion protein from three Mtb antigens were produced by the double emulsion technique. The subcutaneously or nasally administered PLGA vaccines in the absence or presence of BCG were assessed to compare the levels of mucosal IgA, IgG1, and IgG2a production as well as secretion of IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-4, and TGF-β cytokines. According to the release profile, the tri-fusion encapsulated in modified PLGA NPs demonstrated a biphasic release profile including initial burst release on the first day and sustained release within 18 days. All designed PLGA vaccines induced a shift of Th1/Th2 balance toward Th1-dominant response. Although immunized mice through subcutaneous injection elicited higher cell-mediated responses relative to the nasal vaccination, the intranasally administered groups stimulated robust mucosal IgA immunity. The modified PLGA NPs using TMC cationic polymer were more efficient to elevate Th1 and mucosal responses in comparison with the CHT-coated PLGA nanospheres. Our findings highlighted that the tri-fusion loaded in TMC-PLGA NPs may represent an efficient prophylactic vaccine and can be considered as a novel candidate against TB.
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Coser LDO, Genaro LM, Justo-Junior AS, Trabasso P, Pereira RM, Ruas LP, Blotta MH. Evaluation of CD8 + T cell subpopulations in paracoccidioidomycosis. Future Microbiol 2021; 16:977-985. [PMID: 34402655 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We aimed to verify the frequency of CD8+ T cell subsets in patients with acute form and chronic form of paracoccidioidomycosis. Material & Methods: Mononuclear cells from paracoccidioidomycosis patients and healthy donors were isolated and phenotyped by flow cytometry. Dendritic cells were pulsed with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast and co-cultures with lymphocytes. Cytokine production was measured by ELISA. Results: Acute form patients present a higher frequency of Tc1 and Tc10 cells, while chronic form patients have more Tc1 and Tc21 cells, compared with healthy controls. In vitro assays showed that P. brasiliensis induced polarization to the Tc17/Tc22 subsets. Conclusion: Our results suggest that CD8+ T cells can respond in a similar way to P. brasiliensis infection, regardless of the clinical presentation of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian de O Coser
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia M Genaro
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amauri S Justo-Junior
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Plínio Trabasso
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo M Pereira
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana P Ruas
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Hsl Blotta
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Matsuzaka A, Ito A, Awano Y, Tonohara M, Yokomizo K. [Effect of Soy Sauce, Fish Sauce for Nitrite Determination in Meat Products]. Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 2021; 62:105-111. [PMID: 34219098 DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.62.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The diazotization method is used for nitrite determination in meat products. In this method, it is known that the presence of reducing substances such as ascorbic acid and cysteine in the sample interferes with nitrite determination. We speculated that soy sauce, fish sauce and mirin, which are used in meat products, might be the reducing substances, so investigated meat products which contain soy sauce and other ingredients. The results showed that quantitative disturbance was observed in soy sauce and fish sauce, and the recovery in spiked samples of these products decreased in proportion to the increase in soy sauce and fish sauce content. However the antioxidant of soy sauce and fish sauce depending on manufacturing methods, so quantitative disturbance dose not be observed each time, so nitrite determination in meat products, and to conduct simultaneous determination using different sample amounts to confirm whether there is any difference in the quantitative values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akio Ito
- Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health
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23
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Elewski BE, Baddley JW, Deodhar AA, Magrey M, Rich PA, Soriano ER, Soung J, Bao W, Keininger D, Marfo K, Patekar M, Sharma A, Shete A, Lebwohl MG. Association of Secukinumab Treatment With Tuberculosis Reactivation in Patients With Psoriasis, Psoriatic Arthritis, or Ankylosing Spondylitis. JAMA Dermatol 2021; 157:43-51. [PMID: 33001147 PMCID: PMC7527940 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.3257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Question What is the association of secukinumab with active tuberculosis (TB) development, TB
reactivation, and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) activation? Findings In this pooled cohort study of 12 319 patients with psoriasis, psoriatic
arthritis, or ankylosing spondylitis, spontaneous reporting of new LTBI while undergoing
secukinumab treatment was rare. No active cases of TB or LTBI reactivation were
reported. Meaning The findings of this study provide a broader understanding of the safety of secukinumab
and appear to support its long-term use in chronic systemic inflammatory conditions. Importance Approximately one-quarter of the global population have latent tuberculosis infection
(LTBI), and tuberculosis (TB) is accountable for more than 1.5 million deaths annually.
Methotrexate, cyclosporine, and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors may be associated with
increased risk of TB and LTBI reactivation, although data are limited on the risks of TB
with use of newer biologics. Objective To assess the association of secukinumab with reporting of active TB development, TB
reactivation, and LTBI activation as an adverse event (AE) in patients with psoriasis,
psoriatic arthritis, or ankylosing spondylitis. Design, Setting, and Participants This pooled cohort study pooled data from 28 clinical trials of secukinumab used in
psoriasis (17 phase 3 or 3b and 2 phase 4 trials), psoriatic arthritis (5 phase 3
trials), and ankylosing spondylitis (4 phase 3 trials). A search of the Novartis
Secukinumab Compound Pool Database was conducted for the 28 trials. All trial
participants who had received at least 1 approved subcutaneous dose of secukinumab (150
mg or 300 mg) were included. Before randomization in these trials, patients underwent
screening for TB. Patients with active TB were excluded, and patients with LTBI were
treated according to local guidelines. Data were analyzed from the start of treatment in
the individual studies through December 25, 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures Reporting of active TB or LTBI as an AE over a 5-year period using exposure-adjusted
incidence rates (EAIR; incidence rates per 100 patient-years). Results A total of 12 319 patients were included, of whom 8819 patients had psoriasis
(71.6%; 5930 men [67.2%]; mean [SD] age, of 44.9 [13.5] years), 2523 had psoriatic
arthritis (20.5%; 1323 women [52.4%]; mean [SD] age, 48.8 [12.1] years), and 977 had
ankylosing spondylitis (7.3%; 658 men [67.3%]; mean [SD] age, 42.3 [11.9] years). In the
total population, 684 patients (5.6%) had tested positive for LTBI at screening. Over 5
years, LTBI as an AE during secukinumab treatment was reported in 13 patients (0.1% of
12 319). Of these 13 patients, 6 had a prior positive LTBI test result, and 7 were
newly diagnosed as having LTBI. Four of the 7 patients had psoriasis (EAIR, 0.03; 95%
CI, 0.01-0.07), 1 had psoriatic arthritis (EAIR, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.00-0.11), and 2 had
ankylosing spondylitis (EAIR, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.01-0.28). No cases of active TB were
reported. Conclusions and Relevance This study found that LTBI reported as an AE after secukinumab treatment was uncommon
and appeared to support the use of secukinumab in chronic systemic inflammatory
conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boni E Elewski
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Dermatology, Eye Foundation Hospital, Birmingham
| | - John W Baddley
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - Atul A Deodhar
- Department of Rheumatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Marina Magrey
- Department of Rheumatology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine at MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Phoebe A Rich
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science Center, Portland
| | - Enrique R Soriano
- Sección Reumatología, Servicio de Clínica Médica, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jennifer Soung
- Department of Dermatology, Southern California Dermatology and Harbor UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles), Santa Ana
| | - Weibin Bao
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark Gabriel Lebwohl
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Dermatology, New York, New York
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24
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Kushnareva Y, Mathews IT, Andreyev AY, Altay G, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Pandurangan V, Nilsson R, Jain M, Sette A, Peters B, Sharma S. Functional Analysis of Immune Signature Genes in Th1* Memory Cells Links ISOC1 and Pyrimidine Metabolism to IFN-γ and IL-17 Production. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 206:1181-1193. [PMID: 33547171 PMCID: PMC7946769 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CCR6+CXCR3+CCR4-CD4+ memory T cells, termed Th1*, are important for long-term immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Th1* cells express a unique set of lineage-specific transcription factors characteristic of both Th1 and Th17 cells and display distinct gene expression profiles compared with other CD4+ T cell subsets. To examine molecules and signaling pathways important for the effector function of Th1* cells, we performed loss-of-function screening of genes selectively enriched in the Th1* subset. The genetic screen yielded candidates whose depletion significantly impaired TCR-induced IFN-γ production. These included genes previously linked to IFN-γ or M. tuberculosis susceptibility and novel candidates, such as ISOC1, encoding a metabolic enzyme of unknown function in mammalian cells. ISOC1-depleted T cells, which produced less IFN-γ and IL-17, displayed defects in oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis and impairment of pyrimidine metabolic pathway. Supplementation with extracellular pyrimidines rescued both bioenergetics and IFN-γ production in ISOC1-deficient T cells, indicating that pyrimidine metabolism is a key driver of effector functions in CD4+ T cells and Th1* cells. Results provide new insights into the immune-stimulatory function of ISOC1 as well as the particular metabolic requirements of human memory T cells, providing a novel resource for understanding long-term T cell-driven responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian T Mathews
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Alexander Y Andreyev
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; and
| | - Gokmen Altay
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | | | | | | | - Mohit Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Bjoern Peters
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Sonia Sharma
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037;
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25
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Morgan J, Muskat K, Tippalagama R, Sette A, Burel J, Lindestam Arlehamn CS. Classical CD4 T cells as the cornerstone of antimycobacterial immunity. Immunol Rev 2021; 301:10-29. [PMID: 33751597 PMCID: PMC8252593 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a significant health problem without an effective vaccine to combat it. A thorough understanding of the immune response and correlates of protection is needed to develop a more efficient vaccine. The immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is complex and involves all aspects of the immune system, however, the optimal protective, non‐pathogenic T cell response against Mtb is still elusive. This review will focus on discussing CD4 T cell immunity against mycobacteria and its importance in Mtb infection with a primary focus on human studies. We will in particular discuss the large heterogeneity of immune cell subsets that have been revealed by recent immunological investigations at an unprecedented level of detail. These studies have identified specific classical CD4 T cell subsets important for immune responses against Mtb in various states of infection. We further discuss the functional attributes that have been linked to the various subsets such as upregulation of activation markers and cytokine production. Another important topic to be considered is the antigenic targets of Mtb‐specific immune responses, and how antigen reactivity is influenced by both disease state and environmental exposure(s). These are key points for both vaccines and immune diagnostics development. Ultimately, these factors are holistically considered in the definition and investigations of what are the correlates on protection and resolution of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Morgan
- Center for Infectious Disease, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kaylin Muskat
- Center for Infectious Disease, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rashmi Tippalagama
- Center for Infectious Disease, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Julie Burel
- Center for Infectious Disease, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
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26
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Yang K, Oak ASW, Elewski BE. Use of IL-23 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Plaque Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis: A Comprehensive Review. Am J Clin Dermatol 2021; 22:173-192. [PMID: 33301128 PMCID: PMC7727454 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-020-00578-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease with multiple comorbidities, including psoriatic arthritis and coronary artery disease, that can severely impact an individual’s quality of life and daily functioning. In recent years, enhanced understanding of the pathogenesis of psoriasis, especially the role of T helper 17 cells, has resulted in the development of new classes of biologic drugs targeting modulators along its disease pathway. Among these, inhibitors of interleukin-23 (e.g., ustekinumab, guselkumab, tildrakizumab, and risankizumab) have emerged as safe and effective options for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis; ustekinumab and guselkumab have additionally been approved to treat psoriatic arthritis. Selective interleukin-23 inhibitors require less frequent dosing than interleukin-17 inhibitors and may possess a more favorable risk profile without an increased risk of candidiasis or inflammatory bowel disease. Overall, these highly effective medications are contributing to a rising standard for psoriasis outcomes through resolution of skin lesions and joint manifestations and improvement of patient quality of life.
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27
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Kumar S, Bhaskar A, Patnaik G, Sharma C, Singh DK, Kaushik SR, Chaturvedi S, Das G, Dwivedi VP. Intranasal immunization with peptide-based immunogenic complex enhances BCG vaccine efficacy in a murine model of tuberculosis. JCI Insight 2021; 6:145228. [PMID: 33444288 PMCID: PMC7934935 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.145228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prime-boost immunization strategies are required to control the global tuberculosis (TB) pandemic, which claims approximately 3 lives every minute. Here, we have generated an immunogenic complex against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), consisting of promiscuous T cell epitopes (M.tb peptides) and TLR ligands assembled in liposomes. Interestingly, this complex (peptide–TLR agonist–liposomes; PTL) induced significant activation of CD4+ T cells and IFN-γ production in the PBMCs derived from PPD+ healthy individuals as compared with PPD– controls. Furthermore, intranasal delivery of PTL significantly reduced the bacterial burden in the infected mice by inducing M.tb-specific polyfunctional (IFN-γ+IL-17+TNF-α+IL-2+) immune responses and long-lasting central memory responses, thereby reducing the risk of TB recurrence in DOTS-treated infected animals. The transcriptome analysis of peptide-stimulated immune cells unveiled the molecular basis of enhanced protection. Furthermore, PTL immunization significantly boosted the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin–primed (BCG-primed) immune responses against TB. The greatly enhanced efficacy of the BCG-PTL vaccine model in controlling pulmonary TB projects PTL as an adjunct vaccine against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Ashima Bhaskar
- Signal Transduction Laboratory-1, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Gautam Patnaik
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Chetan Sharma
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Dhiraj Kumar Singh
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Rai Kaushik
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Shivam Chaturvedi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Gobardhan Das
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ved Prakash Dwivedi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
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28
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Xu G, Xue J, Jiang J, Liang T, Yao Y, Liao S, Chen T, Li H, Liu C, Zhan X. Proteomic analysis reveals critical molecular mechanisms involved in the macrophage anti-spinal tuberculosis process. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2020; 126:102039. [PMID: 33316736 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2020.102039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis infection activates the autoimmune system. However, the role of host-pathogen interactions involved in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is unclear. In this study, we analyzed 6 spinal tuberculosis tissues and 6 herniated disc tissues by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, and immunohistochemical staining was performed for validating the results. We identified 42 differential immune-related proteins and 3 hub genes that are primarily localised in the tertiary granule and involved in biological processes such as cellular response to the presence of cadmium ions, regulation of ion transmembrane transport, transmembrane transport, and inflammatory responses. Genes encoding cytochrome B-245 beta chain (CYBB), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) were identified as the hub genes that exhibited anti-tuberculosis activity and were responsible for macrophage resistance against M. tuberculosis. In conclusion, CYBB, MMP9, and CXCL10 resist M. tuberculosis infection through chemotaxis and macrophage activation. Our results indicate that CYBB, MMP9, and CXCL10 could be considered as molecular targets for spinal tuberculosis treatment, which may significantly improve patients' quality of life and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyong Xu
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, PR China; Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, PR China
| | - Jiang Xue
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, PR China; Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, PR China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, PR China; Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, PR China
| | - Tuo Liang
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, PR China; Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, PR China
| | - Yuanlin Yao
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, PR China; Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, PR China
| | - Shian Liao
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, PR China; Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, PR China
| | - Tianyou Chen
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, PR China; Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, PR China
| | - Hao Li
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, PR China; Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, PR China
| | - Chong Liu
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, PR China; Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, PR China.
| | - Xinli Zhan
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, PR China; Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, PR China.
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29
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Sumiyoshi S, Tanaka S, Kato H, Takagi K, Minamisaka T, Noguchi A, Nakajima T, Imura J. Diagnosis by molecular pathology of an early and atypical histoplasmosis lesion in the duodenum of an immunocompromised patient: A case report. Biomed Rep 2020; 14:6. [PMID: 33235721 PMCID: PMC7678620 DOI: 10.3892/br.2020.1382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum (HC), which can occasionally be aggressive resulting in the formation of granulomatous lesions. These are usually located in the lungs; however, immunocompromised patients may occasionally develop disseminated lesions in other organs as well. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) primarily infects cells of the immune system expressing CD4 molecules. Not only does HIV multiply within these cells, but it can also kill them or otherwise cause loss of cellular function, leading to an immunocompromised state. As a result, in an immunocompromised patient, infection with HC can have serious implications, often the development of visceral histoplasmosis in different organs. Although several types of lesions are formed in HC-infected organs, it may be difficult to distinguish the causative organism from other pathogens based on morphology alone. The present case report describes the case of a 57-year-old woman, from South America, who may have been infected with HC >20 years previously, remaining asymptomatic over the years. She later developed a lesion in the duodenum associated with immunodeficiency caused by HIV infection. The differential diagnosis of this case was made on the basis of several specific morphological findings using histopathological analysis and molecular pathological techniques. The pathogenesis of characteristic lesions caused by HC in the presence of HIV infection was also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayoko Sumiyoshi
- Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shinichi Tanaka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Field of Medical, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Kato
- Division of Medical Zoology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Kohji Takagi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Field of Medical, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takashi Minamisaka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Field of Medical, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Akira Noguchi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Field of Medical, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takahiko Nakajima
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Field of Medical, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Johji Imura
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Field of Medical, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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30
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Nogueira M, Warren RB, Torres T. Risk of tuberculosis reactivation with interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-23 inhibitors in psoriasis - time for a paradigm change. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 35:824-834. [PMID: 32790003 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease with a major global impact, ranked in the top 10 mortality causes worldwide. In an immunocompetent individual, the host defence mechanisms control Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and induce the latent form of the disease. However, in the presence of diseases or therapies, which exert an immunosuppressive effect, latent tuberculosis can be re-activated. Psoriasis is an immune-mediated, inflammatory disease, and its treatment has rapidly evolved over the last few years. It has long been recognized that the tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitors are associated with increased risk of reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection. Thus, international guidelines have been suggesting tuberculosis screening before starting the treatment with all biological agents since then. In addition, the institution of chemoprophylaxis in the presence of latent tuberculosis and the annual screening for tuberculosis thereafter have also been indicated. However, anti-tuberculosis treatments can have significant side-effects and there are currently several contraindications to their use. The risk benefit of starting anti-tuberculous treatment should be carefully weighed up. The emergence of new biological drugs for the treatment of psoriasis, such as interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-23 inhibitors, has reignited the subject of tuberculosis reactivation as it is possible that IL-17 and 23 blockade do not carry the same risk of TB reactivation as TNF-α inhibitors. Although preclinical studies have shown that cytokines IL-17 and IL-23 have a possible role against infection with M. tuberculosis, data from clinical trials and post-marketing surveillance with drugs that inhibit these cytokines appear to suggest that they are not crucial to this response. In this article, we review the available data on tuberculosis reactivation after the treatment of psoriasis with IL-17 and IL-23 inhibitors, and its possible impact on the way we currently manage latent tuberculosis infection before or after starting treatment with these new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nogueira
- Department of Dermatology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - R B Warren
- The Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - T Torres
- Department of Dermatology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Ashour DS, Othman AA. Parasite-bacteria interrelationship. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:3145-3164. [PMID: 32748037 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06804-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Parasites and bacteria have co-evolved with humankind, and they interact all the time in a myriad of ways. For example, some bacterial infections result from parasite-dwelling bacteria as in the case of Salmonella infection during schistosomiasis. Other bacteria synergize with parasites in the evolution of human disease as in the case of the interplay between Wolbachia endosymbiont bacteria and filarial nematodes as well as the interaction between Gram-negative bacteria and Schistosoma haematobium in the pathogenesis of urinary bladder cancer. Moreover, secondary bacterial infections may complicate several parasitic diseases such as visceral leishmaniasis and malaria, due to immunosuppression of the host during parasitic infections. Also, bacteria may colonize the parasitic lesions; for example, hydatid cysts and skin lesions of ectoparasites. Remarkably, some parasitic helminths and arthropods exhibit antibacterial activity usually by the release of specific antimicrobial products. Lastly, some parasite-bacteria interactions are induced as when using probiotic bacteria to modulate the outcome of a variety of parasitic infections. In sum, parasite-bacteria interactions involve intricate processes that never cease to intrigue the researchers. However, understanding and exploiting these interactions could have prophylactic and curative potential for infections by both types of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia S Ashour
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Ahmad A Othman
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
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Rasheed OK, Ettenger G, Buhl C, Child R, Miller SM, Evans JT, Ryter KT. 6,6'-Aryl trehalose analogs as potential Mincle ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115564. [PMID: 32616186 PMCID: PMC7372699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
6,6'-Aryl trehalose derivatives have been synthesized with a view towards identifying novel Th-17-inducing vaccine adjuvants based on the high affinity Mincle ligand Brartemicin. The initial structure-activity relationships of these novel trehalose-based compounds were investigated. All compounds have been evaluated for their ability to engage the Mincle receptor and induce a potential pro-Th17 cytokine profile from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells based on IL-6 production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The preliminary biological characterization of the designed analogs presented in this paper should aid in the future design and testing of more affine ligands that may foster the discovery of novel adjuvants with improved pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer K Rasheed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, United States
| | - George Ettenger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, United States
| | - Cassandra Buhl
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, United States
| | - Robert Child
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, United States
| | - Shannon M Miller
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, United States
| | - Jay T Evans
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, United States; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, United States
| | - Kendal T Ryter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, United States; Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, United States.
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33
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Jiang H, An L. Lack of Evidence for an Association between IL-17F Rs763780 Polymorphism and Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Immunol Invest 2020; 50:726-734. [PMID: 32631127 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1787437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between the interleukin-17F (IL-17F) rs763780 polymorphism and tuberculosis (TB) has been a source of debate. The potential association between the IL-17F rs763780 polymorphism and TB was investigated using a meta-analysis of case-control studies, which were obtained using the EMBASE, PubMed, CNKI, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Heterogeneity across studies was evaluated, and summary odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were computed to estimate a summary effect size using either a fixed-effects or random-effects model. Eight eligible studies comprising nine comparisons for the IL-17F rs763780 polymorphism (3824 cases and 3787 controls) were obtained for this meta-analysis. Although a significant relationship between IL-17F rs763780 and TB susceptibility was observed using the allele genetic model (odds ratio = 1.34, 95% confidence interval = 1.04-1.74), there was high heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 79%, P=0.0001). The stratified analyses by race, type of tuberculosis, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium suggested that the IL-17F rs763780 polymorphism was not associated with risk of pulmonary tuberculosis and the heterogeneity disappeared. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is the main cause of the heterogeneity. No evidence was found through this meta-analysis that suggested an association between the IL-17F rs763780 polymorphism and risk of pulmonary tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Li An
- Department of Gerontology, The Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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34
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Ahmad S, Bhattacharya D, Gupta N, Rawat V, Tousif S, Van Kaer L, Das G. Clofazimine enhances the efficacy of BCG revaccination via stem cell-like memory T cells. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008356. [PMID: 32437421 PMCID: PMC7269335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the deadliest diseases, claiming ~2 million deaths annually worldwide. The majority of people in TB endemic regions are vaccinated with Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG), which is the only usable vaccine available. BCG is efficacious against meningeal and disseminated TB in children, but protective responses are relatively short-lived and fail to protect against adult pulmonary TB. The longevity of vaccine efficacy critically depends on the magnitude of long-lasting central memory T (TCM) cells, a major source of which is stem cell-like memory T (TSM) cells. These TSM cells exhibit enhanced self-renewal capacity as well as to rapidly respond to antigen and generate protective poly-functional T cells producing IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2 and IL-17. It is now evident that T helper Th 1 and Th17 cells are essential for host protection against TB. Recent reports have indicated that Th17 cells preserve the molecular signature for TSM cells, which eventually differentiate into IFN-γ-producing effector cells. BCG is ineffective in inducing Th17 cell responses, which might explain its inadequate vaccine efficacy. Here, we show that revaccination with BCG along with clofazimine treatment promotes TSM differentiation, which continuously restores TCM and T effector memory (TEM) cells and drastically increases vaccine efficacy in BCG-primed animals. Analyses of these TSM cells revealed that they are predominantly precursors to host protective Th1 and Th17 cells. Taken together, these findings revealed that clofazimine treatment at the time of BCG revaccination provides superior host protection against TB by increasing long-lasting TSM cells. Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the deadliest diseases, claiming ~2 million deaths annually worldwide. Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) is the only usable vaccine available and exhibits efficacy against meningeal and disseminated TB in children. Consequently, the vast majority of people in TB endemic regions are vaccinated with BCG. However, host protective immune responses diminish over time due to gradual depletion of T central memory (TCM) cells, which are responsible for long-term host protection. Here, we provide evidence that revaccination with BCG along with the clofazimine, an approved drug for treatment of leprosy and drug-resistant TB, induces stem cell-like memory T (TSM) cells. TSM cells are precursors to TCM cells, and provide long-term host protection to TB by continuous supply of TCM cells. Interestingly, these TSM cells were generated from IL-17-producing T helper (Th)17 cells. These TSM cells differentiated into TCM and T effector memory (TEM) cells and maintained a stable pool of critically important Th1 and Th17 cells to provide optimal host protection against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheer Ahmad
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Neeta Gupta
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Varsha Rawat
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sultan Tousif
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Gobardhan Das
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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Puig L, Tsai T, Bhutani T, Uy J, Ramachandran P, Song M, You Y, Gooderham M, Lebwohl M. Safety in moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis patients with latent tuberculosis treated with guselkumab and anti‐tuberculosis treatments concomitantly: results from pooled phase 3 VOYAGE 1 & VOYAGE 2 trials. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:1744-1749. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Puig
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Barcelona Spain
| | - T.‐F. Tsai
- National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan
| | - T. Bhutani
- University of California San Francisco Medical Center San Francisco CA USA
| | - J. Uy
- Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC Horsham PA USA
| | | | - M. Song
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC Spring House PA USA
| | - Y. You
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC Spring House PA USA
| | - M. Gooderham
- SKiN Centre for Dermatology Peterborough ON Canada
| | - M. Lebwohl
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
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Fatima S, Kumari A, Das G, Dwivedi VP. Tuberculosis vaccine: A journey from BCG to present. Life Sci 2020; 252:117594. [PMID: 32305522 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death worldwide due to an infectious disease, causing around 1.6 million deaths each year. This situation has become more complicated by the emergence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) and HIV-TB co-infection, which has significantly worsened TB prognosis and treatment. Despite years of intensive research, Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) remains the only licensed vaccine and has variable efficacy. It provides protection against childhood TB but is not effective in adult pulmonary TB. As a result of intense research in understanding TB vaccinology, there are many new vaccine candidates in clinical development and many more in pre-clinical trials which aim either to replace or boost BCG vaccine. This review discusses the history of BCG vaccine development and summarizes limitations of the current vaccine strategy and recent advances in improving BCG immunization along with other new vaccines in clinical trials which are promising candidates for the future tuberculosis vaccinology program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samreen Fatima
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Anjna Kumari
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Gobardhan Das
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ved Prakash Dwivedi
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
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37
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Tanner R, Satti I, Harris SA, O'Shea MK, Cizmeci D, O'Connor D, Chomka A, Matsumiya M, Wittenberg R, Minassian AM, Meyer J, Fletcher HA, McShane H. Tools for Assessing the Protective Efficacy of TB Vaccines in Humans: in vitro Mycobacterial Growth Inhibition Predicts Outcome of in vivo Mycobacterial Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 10:2983. [PMID: 31998295 PMCID: PMC6968127 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality and an effective new vaccine is urgently needed. A major barrier to the rational development of novel TB vaccines is the lack of a validated immune correlate or biomarker of protection. Mycobacterial Growth Inhibition Assays (MGIAs) provide an unbiased measure of ability to control mycobacterial growth in vitro, and may represent a functional correlate of protection. However, the biological relevance of any potential correlate can only be assessed by determining the association with in vivo protection from either a controlled mycobacterial infection or natural development of TB disease. Our data demonstrate that the direct MGIA using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) is measuring a biologically relevant response that correlates with protection from in vivo human BCG infection across two independent cohorts. This is the first report of an MGIA correlating with in vivo protection in the species-of-interest, humans, and furthermore on a per-individual as well as per-group basis. Control of mycobacterial growth in the MGIA is associated with a range of immune parameters measured post-BCG infection in vivo including the IFN-γ ELISpot response, frequency of PPD-specific IFN-γ or TNF-α producing CD4+ T cells and frequency of specific sub-populations of polyfunctional CD4+ T cells. Distinct transcriptomic profiles are associated with good vs. poor mycobacterial control in the MGIA, with good controllers showing enrichment for gene sets associated with antigen processing/presentation and the IL-23 pathway, and poor controllers showing enrichment for hypoxia-related pathways. This study represents an important step toward biologically validating the direct PBMC MGIA for use in TB vaccine development and furthermore demonstrates the utility of this assay in determining relevant immune mechanisms and pathways of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Tanner
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Iman Satti
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie A. Harris
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew K. O'Shea
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Deniz Cizmeci
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel O'Connor
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Agnieszka Chomka
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Magali Matsumiya
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Wittenberg
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Angela M. Minassian
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joel Meyer
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Helen A. Fletcher
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen McShane
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Ryter KT, Ettenger G, Rasheed OK, Buhl C, Child R, Miller SM, Holley D, Smith AJ, Evans JT. Aryl Trehalose Derivatives as Vaccine Adjuvants for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Med Chem 2019; 63:309-320. [PMID: 31809053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) continues to be a major health threat worldwide, and the development of Mtb vaccines could play a pivotal role in the prevention and control of this devastating epidemic. Th17-mediated immunity has been implicated in disease protection correlates of immune protection against Mtb. Currently, there are no approved adjuvants capable of driving a Th17 response in a vaccine setting. Recent clinical trial results using trehalose dibehenate have demonstrated a formulation-dependant proof of concept adjuvant system CAF01 capable of inducing long-lived protection. We have discovered a new class of Th17-inducing vaccine adjuvants based on the natural product Brartemicin. We synthesized and evaluated the capacity of a library of aryl trehalose derivatives to drive immunostimulatory reresponses and evaluated the structure-activity relationships in terms of the ability to engage the Mincle receptor and induce production of innate cytokines from human and murine cells. We elaborated on the structure-activity relationship of the new scaffold and demonstrated the ability of the lead entity to induce a pro-Th17 cytokine profile from primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and demonstrated efficacy in generating antibodies in combination with tuberculosis antigen M72 in a mouse model.
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39
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Krocova Z, Plzakova L, Pavkova I, Kubelkova K, Macela A, Ozanic M, Marecic V, Mihelcic M, Santic M. The role of B cells in an early immune response to Mycobacterium bovis. Microb Pathog 2019; 140:103937. [PMID: 31862393 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the main etiological agent of tuberculosis. The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) microbes that are primarily used as a vaccine against tuberculosis also constitute the dominant infection model for studying the interaction of mycobacteria with the host cell types. The majority of interaction experiments have been conducted using macrophages and monocytes as prototype phagocyte cell types. Here, we report that M. bovis BCG infects mouse primary B cells as well as human B cell line. The complement receptors, along with B cell receptors, are engaged in the process of bacterial entry into the host B cells. Once inside the B cells, the intracellular trafficking of BCG follows the complete endocytic pathway of the ingested particles, which is in contrast to the events taking place during ingestion of BCG by macrophages. In vivo infection of mice with M. bovis BCG activated peritoneal as well as splenic B cells to produce proinflammatory cytokines. This paper further supports the evidence that B cells are involved in a host's early interactions with intracellular bacterial pathogens and participate in the induction of innate defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Krocova
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska, 1575, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Plzakova
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska, 1575, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ivona Pavkova
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska, 1575, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Kubelkova
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska, 1575, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Macela
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska, 1575, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Mateja Ozanic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Brace Branchetta 20, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Valentina Marecic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Brace Branchetta 20, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Mirna Mihelcic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Brace Branchetta 20, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Marina Santic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Brace Branchetta 20, Rijeka, Croatia
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40
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Prakash Babu S, Narasimhan PB, Babu S. Eosinophil Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes in TB: What We Know so Far. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2639. [PMID: 31798582 PMCID: PMC6868031 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge on the cellular immune responses to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis has improved drastically in recent years. Though eosinophils and hypereosinophilia are linked with the disease process of tuberculosis, there is paucity of information to prove the actual role played by these polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the existing literature on what is known so far about eosinophils and tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prakash B Narasimhan
- Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India
| | - Subash Babu
- National Institute of Research in Tuberculosis (ICMR), Chennai, India.,Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
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41
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Leisching GR. PI3-Kinase δγ Catalytic Isoforms Regulate the Th-17 Response in Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2583. [PMID: 31736982 PMCID: PMC6838131 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although IL17A plays a protective role at the mucosal surface, when IL17A signaling becomes dysregulated, a pathological response is locally induced. At the early stages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection, IL17A contributes to granuloma formation and pathogen containment. In contrast, during disease progression, a dysregulated IL17A hyperinflammatory response drives tissue destruction through enhanced neutrophil recruitment. Cumulative research has implicated the PI3-Kinase pathways as one of the most relevant in the pathophysiology of inflammation. Evidence shows that IL-17A secretion and the expansion of the Th17 population is dependant in PI3-Kinase signaling, with the p110δ and p110γ isoforms playing a prominent role. The p110γ isoform promotes disease progression through dampening of the Th17 response, preventing pathogen clearance and containment. The p110γ gene, PIK3CG is downregulated in TB patients during late-stage disease when compared to healthy controls, demonstrating an important modulatory role for this isoform during TB. Conversely, the p110δ isoform induces IL-17A release from pulmonary γδ T-cells, committed Th17 cells and promotes neutrophil recruitment to the lung. Inhibiting this isoform not only suppresses IL-17A secretion from Th17 cells, but it also inhibits cytokine production from multiple T-helper cell types. Since increased IL-17A levels are observed to be localized in the lung compartments (BAL and lymphocytes) in comparison to circulating levels, an inhalable PI3Kδ inhibitor, which is currently utilized for inflammatory airway diseases characterized by IL-17A over-secretion, may be a therapeutic option for active TB disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina R Leisching
- SA MRC Centre for TB Research, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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42
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Curcumin Nanoparticles Enhance Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vaccine Efficacy by Modulating Host Immune Responses. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00291-19. [PMID: 31481412 PMCID: PMC6803339 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00291-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the deadliest diseases, causing ∼2 million deaths annually worldwide. Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the only TB vaccine in common use, is effective against disseminated and meningeal TB in young children but is not effective against adult pulmonary TB. Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the deadliest diseases, causing ∼2 million deaths annually worldwide. Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the only TB vaccine in common use, is effective against disseminated and meningeal TB in young children but is not effective against adult pulmonary TB. T helper 1 (Th1) cells producing interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and Th17 cells producing interleukin-17 (IL-17) play key roles in host protection against TB, whereas Th2 cells producing IL-4 and regulatory T cells (Tregs) facilitate TB disease progression by inhibiting protective Th1 and Th17 responses. Furthermore, the longevity of vaccine efficacy critically depends on the magnitude of long-lasting central memory T (TCM) cell responses. Hence, immunomodulators that promote TCM responses of the Th1 and Th17 cell lineages may improve BCG vaccine efficacy. Here, we show that curcumin nanoparticles enhance various antigen-presenting cell (APC) functions, including autophagy, costimulatory activity, and the production of inflammatory cytokines and other mediators. We further show that curcumin nanoparticles enhance the capacity of BCG to induce TCM cells of the Th1 and Th17 lineages, which augments host protection against TB infection. Thus, curcumin nanoparticles hold promise for enhancing the efficacy of TB vaccines.
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Rolandelli A, Pellegrini JM, Hernández Del Pino RE, Tateosian NL, Amiano NO, Morelli MP, Castello FA, Casco N, Levi A, Palmero DJ, García VE. The Non-synonymous rs763780 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism in IL17F Gene Is Associated With Susceptibility to Tuberculosis and Advanced Disease Severity in Argentina. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2248. [PMID: 31616423 PMCID: PMC6764169 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Th17 lymphocytes, that produce IL17A, IL17F, and IL22, play a crucial role during the immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Whereas, the contribution of IL17A in immunity to tuberculosis is usually accepted, the role of IL17F has been scarcely studied so far. The aim of this work was to evaluate the existence of a potential association of the non-synonymous variant rs763780 SNP of the IL17F gene with human tuberculosis. Accordingly, by comparing healthy donors (HD) and tuberculosis patients (TB) populations we demonstrated an association between the C allele of the SNP and the susceptibility to tuberculosis disease in Argentina. Furthermore, we found that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from individuals with a more effective immune response against Mtb secreted the highest levels of IL17F when stimulated with a lysate of Mtb (Mtb-Ag). Besides, we evidenced that Mtb-Ag-stimulated PBMCs from HD carrying the C variant of the SNP displayed the lowest IFNG secretion, proliferation index, and SLAM expression as compared to TT carriers. Moreover, Mtb-Ag-stimulated PBMCs from TB carrying the C allele produced the lowest levels of IFNG, the highest level of IL17A, and the minimum proliferation indexes as compared to TT TB, suggesting a relationship between the C allele and tuberculosis severity. In fact, TB carrying the C allele presented a more severe disease, with the highest bacilli burden in sputum. Together, our findings identify the IL17F rs763780 SNP as a biomarker of tuberculosis susceptibility and advanced disease severity in Argentina, suggesting that IL17F could be a critical cytokine in tuberculosis immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Rolandelli
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), School of Sciences, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Institute of Biological Chemistry of Exact and Natural Sciences (IQUIBICEN), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joaquín Miguel Pellegrini
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), School of Sciences, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Institute of Biological Chemistry of Exact and Natural Sciences (IQUIBICEN), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Emanuel Hernández Del Pino
- Center of Investigation and Transference of National Northwest University of Buenos Aires (CITNOBA), The National Northwest University of Buenos Aires (UNNOBA)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nancy Liliana Tateosian
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), School of Sciences, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Institute of Biological Chemistry of Exact and Natural Sciences (IQUIBICEN), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Oscar Amiano
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), School of Sciences, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Institute of Biological Chemistry of Exact and Natural Sciences (IQUIBICEN), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Paula Morelli
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), School of Sciences, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Institute of Biological Chemistry of Exact and Natural Sciences (IQUIBICEN), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Andrea Castello
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), School of Sciences, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Institute of Biological Chemistry of Exact and Natural Sciences (IQUIBICEN), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Casco
- Tisioneumonology Division, F. J. Muñiz Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto Levi
- Tisioneumonology Division, F. J. Muñiz Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Verónica Edith García
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), School of Sciences, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Institute of Biological Chemistry of Exact and Natural Sciences (IQUIBICEN), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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44
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Kathamuthu GR, Kumar NP, Moideen K, Sridhar R, Baskaran D, Babu S. Diminished type 1 and type 17 cytokine expressing - Natural killer cell frequencies in tuberculous lymphadenitis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2019; 118:101856. [PMID: 31430696 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2019.101856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBL) is associated with the expansion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing Type 1 and Type 17 cytokines in the peripheral blood. However, the expression pattern of cytokine producing natural killer (NK) cells in both the peripheral blood and affected lymph nodes i.e. site of infection in TBL have not been examined. Hence, we have analyzed the baseline and mycobacterial antigen specific NK cell cytokine frequencies in whole blood of TBL and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) individuals. We have also examined the NK cell frequencies before and after treatment completion and in peripheral blood versus affected lymph nodes (LN) of TBL individuals. TBL is characterized by diminished frequencies of NK cells expressing Type 1 (IFNγ, TNFα), Type 17 (IL-17F) cytokines compared to PTB individuals upon antigen-specific stimulation. In contrast, TBL individuals did not exhibit any significant differences in the frequencies of NK cells expressing Type 1 and Type 17 cytokines upon completion of anti-tuberculosis treatment. LN of TBL is associated with altered frequencies of NK cells expressing Type 17 (increased IL-17F and decreased IL-22) cytokines when compared to peripheral blood. Thus, we conclude that TBL individuals are characterized by diminished frequencies of NK cells expressing Type 1/Type 17 cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Raj Kathamuthu
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India; National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai, India.
| | - Nathella Pavan Kumar
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Kadar Moideen
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | | | - Dhanaraj Baskaran
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai, India
| | - Subash Babu
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India; Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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45
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Barreira-Silva P, Torrado E, Nebenzahl-Guimaraes H, Kallenius G, Correia-Neves M. Aetiopathogenesis, immunology and microbiology of tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018. [DOI: 10.1183/2312508x.10020917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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46
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Lee JU, Kim LK, Choi JM. Revisiting the Concept of Targeting NFAT to Control T Cell Immunity and Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2747. [PMID: 30538703 PMCID: PMC6277705 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family of transcription factors, which includes NFAT1, NFAT2, and NFAT4, are well-known to play important roles in T cell activation. Most of NFAT proteins are controlled by calcium influx upon T cell receptor and costimulatory signaling results increase of IL-2 and IL-2 receptor. NFAT3 however is not shown to be expressed in T cells and NFAT5 has not much highlighted in T cell functions yet. Recent studies demonstrate that the NFAT family proteins involve in function of lineage-specific transcription factors during differentiation of T helper 1 (Th1), Th2, Th17, regulatory T (Treg), and follicular helper T cells (Tfh). They have been studied to make physical interaction with the other transcription factors like GATA3 or Foxp3 and they also regulate Th cell signature gene expressions by direct binding on promotor region of target genes. From last decades, NFAT functions in T cells have been targeted to develop immune modulatory drugs for controlling T cell immunity in autoimmune diseases like cyclosporine A, FK506, etc. Due to their undesirable side defects, only limited application is available in human diseases. This review focuses on the recent advances in development of NFAT targeting drug as well as our understanding of each NFAT family protein in T cell biology. We also discuss updated detail molecular mechanism of NFAT functions in T cells, which would lead us to suggest an idea for developing specific NFAT inhibitors as a therapeutic drug for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ung Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Li-Kyung Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Je-Min Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
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47
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Mabbott NA. The Influence of Parasite Infections on Host Immunity to Co-infection With Other Pathogens. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2579. [PMID: 30467504 PMCID: PMC6237250 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasites have evolved a wide range of mechanisms that they use to evade or manipulate the host's immune response and establish infection. The majority of the in vivo studies that have investigated these host-parasite interactions have been undertaken in experimental animals, especially rodents, which were housed and maintained to a high microbiological status. However, in the field situation it is increasingly apparent that pathogen co-infections within the same host are a common occurrence. For example, chronic infection with pathogens including malarial parasites, soil-transmitted helminths, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and viruses such as HIV may affect a third of the human population of some developing countries. Increasing evidence shows that co-infection with these pathogens may alter susceptibility to other important pathogens, and/or influence vaccine efficacy through their effects on host immune responsiveness. Co-infection with certain pathogens may also hinder accurate disease diagnosis. This review summarizes our current understanding of how the host's immune response to infection with different types of parasites can influence susceptibility to infection with other pathogenic microorganisms. A greater understanding of how infectious disease susceptibility and pathogenesis can be influenced by parasite co-infections will enhance disease diagnosis and the design of novel vaccines or therapeutics to more effectively control the spread of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil A Mabbott
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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48
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Rai PK, Chodisetti SB, Maurya SK, Nadeem S, Zeng W, Janmeja AK, Jackson DC, Agrewala JN. A lipidated bi-epitope vaccine comprising of MHC-I and MHC-II binder peptides elicits protective CD4 T cell and CD8 T cell immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Transl Med 2018; 16:279. [PMID: 30305097 PMCID: PMC6180631 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1653-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical trials conducted at Chingleput India suggest that BCG fails to protect against tuberculosis (TB) in TB-endemic population. Recent studies advocate that non-tuberculous mycobacteria and latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection interferes in the antigen processing and presentation of BCG in inducing protective immunity against Mtb. Thereby, indicating that any vaccine that require extensive antigen processing may not be efficacious in TB-endemic zones. Recently, we have demonstrated that the vaccine candidate L91, which is composed of lipidated promiscuous MHC-II binder epitope, derived from latency associated Acr1 antigen of Mtb is immunogenic in the murine and Guinea pig models of TB and conferred better protection than BCG against Mtb. Methods In this study, we have used a multi-stage based bi-epitope vaccine, namely L4.8, comprising of MHC-I and MHC-II binding peptides of active (TB10.4) and latent (Acr1) stages of Mtb antigens, respectively. These peptides were conjugated to the TLR-2 agonist Pam2Cys. Results L4.8 significantly elicited both CD8 T cells and CD4 T cells immunity, as evidenced by increase in the enduring polyfunctional CD8 T cells and CD4 T cells. L4.8 efficiently declined Mtb-burden and protected animals better than BCG and L91, even at the late stage of Mtb infection. Conclusions The BCG-L4.8 prime boost strategy imparts a better protection against TB than the BCG alone. This study emphatically denotes that L4.8 can be a promising future vaccine candidate for controlling active and latent TB. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1653-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K Rai
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | | | - Sajid Nadeem
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Weiguang Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Ashok K Janmeja
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - David C Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Javed N Agrewala
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India. .,Indian Institute of Technology, Rupnagar, 140001, India.
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49
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Mohareer K, Asalla S, Banerjee S. Cell death at the cross roads of host-pathogen interaction in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 113:99-121. [PMID: 30514519 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be the leading cause of death by any single infectious agent, accounting for around 1.7 million annual deaths globally, despite several interventions and support programs by national and international agencies. With the development of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), there has been a paradigm shift in TB research towards host-directed therapy. The potential targets include the interactions between host and bacterial proteins that are crucial for pathogenesis. Hence, collective efforts are being made to understand the molecular details of host-pathogen interaction for possible translation into host-directed therapy. The present review focuses on 'host cell death modalities' of host-pathogen interaction, which play a crucial role in determining the outcome of TB disease progression. Several cell death modalities that occur in response to mycobacterial infection have been identified in human macrophages either as host defences for bacterial clearance or as pathogen strategies for multiplication and dissemination. These cell death modalities include apoptosis, necrosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, pyronecrosis, NETosis, and autophagy. These processes are highly overlapping with several mycobacterial proteins participating in more than one cell death pathway. Until now, reviews in M. tb and host cell death have discussed either focusing on host evasion strategies, apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis or describing all these forms with limited discussions of their role in host-pathogen interactions. Here, we present a comprehensive review of various mycobacterial factors modulating host cell death pathways and the cross-talk between them. Besides this, we have discussed the networking of host cell death pathways including the interference of host miRNA during M. tb infection with their respective targets. Through this review, we present the host targets that overlap across several cell death modalities and the technical limitations of methodology in cell death research. Given the compelling need to discover alternative drug target(s), this review identifies these overlapping cell death factors as potential targets for host-directed therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnaveni Mohareer
- Molecular Pathogenesis Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India-500046
| | - Suman Asalla
- Molecular Pathogenesis Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India-500046
| | - Sharmistha Banerjee
- Molecular Pathogenesis Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India-500046.
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50
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Cicchese JM, Evans S, Hult C, Joslyn LR, Wessler T, Millar JA, Marino S, Cilfone NA, Mattila JT, Linderman JJ, Kirschner DE. Dynamic balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory signals controls disease and limits pathology. Immunol Rev 2018; 285:147-167. [PMID: 30129209 PMCID: PMC6292442 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immune responses to pathogens are complex and not well understood in many diseases, and this is especially true for infections by persistent pathogens. One mechanism that allows for long-term control of infection while also preventing an over-zealous inflammatory response from causing extensive tissue damage is for the immune system to balance pro- and anti-inflammatory cells and signals. This balance is dynamic and the immune system responds to cues from both host and pathogen, maintaining a steady state across multiple scales through continuous feedback. Identifying the signals, cells, cytokines, and other immune response factors that mediate this balance over time has been difficult using traditional research strategies. Computational modeling studies based on data from traditional systems can identify how this balance contributes to immunity. Here we provide evidence from both experimental and mathematical/computational studies to support the concept of a dynamic balance operating during persistent and other infection scenarios. We focus mainly on tuberculosis, currently the leading cause of death due to infectious disease in the world, and also provide evidence for other infections. A better understanding of the dynamically balanced immune response can help shape treatment strategies that utilize both drugs and host-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. Cicchese
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephanie Evans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Caitlin Hult
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Louis R. Joslyn
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Timothy Wessler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jess A. Millar
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Simeone Marino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Cilfone
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joshua T. Mattila
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Denise E. Kirschner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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