1
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Warder BN, Nelson KA, Sui J, Anllo L, DiNardo S. An actomyosin network organizes niche morphology and responds to feedback from recruited stem cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.08.556877. [PMID: 38746236 PMCID: PMC11092431 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.08.556877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Stem cells often rely on signals from a niche, which in many tissues adopts a precise morphology. What remains elusive is how niches are formed, and how morphology impacts function. To address this, we leverage the Drosophila gonadal niche, which affords genetic tractability and live-imaging. We have previously shown mechanisms dictating niche cell migration to their appropriate position within the gonad, and the resultant consequences on niche function. Here, we show that once positioned, niche cells robustly polarize filamentous actin (F-actin) and Non-muscle Myosin II (MyoII) towards neighboring germ cells. Actomyosin tension along the niche periphery generates a highly reproducible smoothened contour. Without contractility, niches are misshapen and exhibit defects in their ability to regulate germline stem cell behavior. We additionally show that germ cells aid in polarizing MyoII within niche cells, and that extrinsic input is required for niche morphogenesis and function. Our work reveals a feedback mechanism where stem cells shape the niche that guides their behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey N. Warder
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kara A. Nelson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Justin Sui
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lauren Anllo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephen DiNardo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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2
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Warder BN, Nelson KA, Sui J, Anllo L, DiNardo S. An actomyosin network organizes niche morphology and responds to feedback from recruited stem cells. Curr Biol 2024:S0960-9822(24)00944-8. [PMID: 39137785 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Stem cells often rely on signals from a niche, which in many tissues adopts a precise morphology. What remains elusive is how niches are formed and how morphology impacts function. To address this, we leverage the Drosophila gonadal niche, which affords genetic tractability and live-imaging. We have previously shown mechanisms dictating niche cell migration to their appropriate position within the gonad and the resultant consequences on niche function. Here, we show that once positioned, niche cells robustly polarize filamentous actin (F-actin) and non-muscle myosin II (MyoII) toward neighboring germ cells. Actomyosin tension along the niche periphery generates a highly reproducible smoothened contour. Without contractility, niches are misshapen and exhibit defects in their ability to regulate germline stem cell behavior. We additionally show that germ cells aid in polarizing MyoII within niche cells and that extrinsic input is required for niche morphogenesis and function. Our work reveals a feedback mechanism where stem cells shape the niche that guides their behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey N Warder
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kara A Nelson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Justin Sui
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lauren Anllo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephen DiNardo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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3
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Mao Y, Wickström SA. Mechanical state transitions in the regulation of tissue form and function. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:654-670. [PMID: 38600372 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00719-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
From embryonic development, postnatal growth and adult homeostasis to reparative and disease states, cells and tissues undergo constant changes in genome activity, cell fate, proliferation, movement, metabolism and growth. Importantly, these biological state transitions are coupled to changes in the mechanical and material properties of cells and tissues, termed mechanical state transitions. These mechanical states share features with physical states of matter, liquids and solids. Tissues can switch between mechanical states by changing behavioural dynamics or connectivity between cells. Conversely, these changes in tissue mechanical properties are known to control cell and tissue function, most importantly the ability of cells to move or tissues to deform. Thus, tissue mechanical state transitions are implicated in transmitting information across biological length and time scales, especially during processes of early development, wound healing and diseases such as cancer. This Review will focus on the biological basis of tissue-scale mechanical state transitions, how they emerge from molecular and cellular interactions, and their roles in organismal development, homeostasis, regeneration and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlan Mao
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK.
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Sara A Wickström
- Department of Cell and Tissue Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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4
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Villegas-Novoa C, Wang Y, Sims CE, Allbritton NL. Creation of a spatially complex mucus bilayer on an in vitro colon model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16849. [PMID: 39039235 PMCID: PMC11263341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67591-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The colonic epithelium is comprised of three-dimensional crypts (3D) lined with mucus secreted by a heterogeneous population of goblet cells. In this study, we report the formation of a long-lived, and self-renewing replica of human 3D crypts with a mucus layer patterned in the X-Y-Z dimensions. Primary colon cells were cultured on a shaped scaffold under an air-liquid interface to yield architecturally accurate crypts with a mucus bilayer (605 ± 180 μm thick) possessing an inner (149 ± 50 μm) and outer (435 ± 111 μm) region. Lectins with distinct carbohydrate-binding preferences demonstrated that the mucus in the intercrypt regions was chemically distinct from that above and within the crypts replicating in vivo chemical patterning. Constitutive mucus secretion ejected beads from crypt lumens in 8-10 days, while agonist-stimulated secretion increased mucus thickness by 17-fold in 8 h. The tissue was long-lived, > 50 days, the longest time assessed. In conclusion, the in vitro mucus replicated key physiology of the human mucus, including the bilayer (Z) structure and intercrypt-crypt (X-Y) zones, constitutive mucus flow, spatially complex chemical attributes, and mucus secretion response to stimulation, with the potential to reveal local and global determinants of mucus function and its breakdown in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Christopher E Sims
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Nancy L Allbritton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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5
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Zagoren E, Dias N, Smith ZD, Ameen NA, Sumigray K. A second wave of Notch signaling diversifies the intestinal secretory lineage. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.15.603542. [PMID: 39071399 PMCID: PMC11275776 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.15.603542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The small intestine is well known for the function of its nutrient-absorbing enterocytes; yet equally critical for the maintenance of homeostasis is a diverse set of secretory cells, all of which are presumed to differentiate from the same intestinal stem cell. Despite major roles in intestinal function and health, understanding how the full spectrum of secretory cell types arises remains a longstanding challenge, largely due to their comparative rarity. Here, we investigate the fate specification of a rare and distinct population of small intestinal epithelial cells found in rats and humans but not mice: C FTR Hi gh E xpressers (CHEs). We use pseudotime trajectory analysis of single-cell RNA-seq data from rat intestinal jejunum to provide evidence that CHEs are specified along the secretory lineage and appear to employ a second wave of Notch-based signal transduction to distinguish these cells from other secretory cell types. We further validate the general order of transcription factors that direct these cells from unspecified progenitors within the crypt and experimentally demonstrate that Notch signaling is necessary to induce CHE fate both in vivo and in vitro . Our results suggest a model in which Notch is reactivated along the secretory lineage to specify the CHE population: a rare secretory cell type with putative functions in localized coordination of luminal pH and direct relevance to cystic fibrosis pathophysiology.
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6
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Liberali P, Schier AF. The evolution of developmental biology through conceptual and technological revolutions. Cell 2024; 187:3461-3495. [PMID: 38906136 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Developmental biology-the study of the processes by which cells, tissues, and organisms develop and change over time-has entered a new golden age. After the molecular genetics revolution in the 80s and 90s and the diversification of the field in the early 21st century, we have entered a phase when powerful technologies provide new approaches and open unexplored avenues. Progress in the field has been accelerated by advances in genomics, imaging, engineering, and computational biology and by emerging model systems ranging from tardigrades to organoids. We summarize how revolutionary technologies have led to remarkable progress in understanding animal development. We describe how classic questions in gene regulation, pattern formation, morphogenesis, organogenesis, and stem cell biology are being revisited. We discuss the connections of development with evolution, self-organization, metabolism, time, and ecology. We speculate how developmental biology might evolve in an era of synthetic biology, artificial intelligence, and human engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisca Liberali
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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7
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Li Y, Cheng S, Shi H, Yuan R, Gao C, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Deng Z, Huang J. 3D embedded bioprinting of large-scale intestine with complex structural organization and blood capillaries. Biofabrication 2024; 16:045001. [PMID: 38914075 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad5b1b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Accurate reproduction of human intestinal structure and functionin vitrois of great significance for understanding the development and disease occurrence of the gut. However, mostin vitrostudies are often confined to 2D models, 2.5D organ chips or 3D organoids, which cannot fully recapitulate the tissue architecture, microenvironment and cell compartmentalization foundin vivo. Herein, a centimeter-scale intestine tissue that contains intestinal features, such as hollow tubular structure, capillaries and tightly connected epithelium with invivo-likering folds, crypt-villi, and microvilli is constructed by 3D embedding bioprinting. In our strategy, a novel photocurable bioink composed of methacrylated gelatin, methacrylated sodium alginate and poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate is developed for the fabrication of intestinal model. The Caco-2 cells implanted in the lumen are induced by the topological structures of the model to derive microvilli, crypt-villi, and tight junctions, simulating the intestinal epithelial barrier. The human umbilical vein endothelial cells encapsulated within the model gradually form microvessels, mimicking the dense capillary network in the intestine. This intestine-like tissue, which closely resembles the structure and cell arrangement of the human gut, can act as a platform to predict the therapeutic and toxic side effects of new drugs on the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Li
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Organoid Innovation Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengnan Cheng
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Organoid Innovation Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Haihua Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou 215001, People's Republic of China
| | - Renshun Yuan
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou 215001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Gao
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Organoid Innovation Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Organoid Innovation Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Organoid Innovation Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongwu Deng
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Organoid Innovation Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Huang
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Organoid Innovation Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
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8
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Nelson KA, Lenhart KF, Anllo L, DiNardo S. The Drosophila hematopoietic niche assembles through collective cell migration controlled by neighbor tissues and Slit-Robo signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.21.600069. [PMID: 38979182 PMCID: PMC11230208 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.21.600069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Niches are often found in specific positions in tissues relative to the stem cells they support. Consistency of niche position suggests that placement is important for niche function. However, the complexity of most niches has precluded a thorough understanding of how their proper placement is established. To address this, we investigated the formation of a genetically tractable niche, the Drosophila Posterior Signaling Center (PSC), the assembly of which had not been previously explored. This niche controls hematopoietic progenitors of the lymph gland (LG). PSC cells were previously shown to be specified laterally in the embryo, but ultimately reside dorsally, at the LG posterior. Here, using live-imaging, we show that PSC cells migrate as a tight collective and associate with multiple tissues during their trajectory to the LG posterior. We find that Slit emanating from two extrinsic sources, visceral mesoderm and cardioblasts, is required for the PSC to remain a collective, and for its attachment to cardioblasts during migration. Without proper Slit-Robo signaling, PSC cells disperse, form aberrant contacts, and ultimately fail to reach their stereotypical position near progenitors. Our work characterizes a novel example of niche formation and identifies an extrinsic signaling relay that controls precise niche positioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara A Nelson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd. Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd. Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Kari F Lenhart
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, 3245 Chestnut St. Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Lauren Anllo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd. Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd. Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Stephen DiNardo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd. Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd. Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
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9
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Abdelhakeem F. Developmental morpho-analysis of the caecum in Japanese quail embryos (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Microsc Res Tech 2024. [PMID: 38864478 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
In the current study, we are focusing on the microanatomical structure of quail caecum during the prehatching time to try to understand the function and the role of each cell-built quail caecum reaching how caecum plays an essential role in immunity and absorption. The morpho-developmental features of the quail caecum were described in detail daily from the third incubation day (ID) till hatching time, investigating the gross morphology, microscopic, and ultrastructure using light and scanning electron microscope. The embryonic caecum appeared grossly as two lateral outpocketings with blinded ends, emerging laterally at the junction between the small and large intestine (the ileocaecal junction). The primordia of two caeca, represented by two lateral swellings from the hindgut on the fourth ID, continued growing till the day of hatching, where the caecal wall consisted of three apparent layers: mucosa, musculosa, and serosa. At the time of hatching, the quail caecum was still not fully mature and will continue growing posthatching. The findings in this study can be applied in further studies intended to understand the physiological mechanisms of the caecum during prehatching and posthatching periods. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Caecum is one of the hindgut derivatives that started as two lateral swellings. The caecal wall consisted of three layers; mucosa, musculosa, and serosa. The caecum plays an essential role in immunity maintenance. Caecum continues to grow posthatching as it is not fully mature at hatching time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Abdelhakeem
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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10
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Yin X, Liang D, He SQ, Zhang LY, Xu GK. Local Mechanical Modulation-Driven Evagination in Invaginated Epithelia. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:7069-7076. [PMID: 38808684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Local cells can actively create reverse bending (evagination) in invaginated epithelia, which plays a crucial role in the formation of elaborate organisms. However, the precise physical mechanism driving the evagination remains elusive. Here, we present a three-dimensional vertex model, incorporating the intrinsic cell polarity, to explore the complex morphogenesis induced by local mechanical modulations. We find that invaginated tissues can spontaneously generate local reverse bending due to the shift of the apicobasal polarity. Their exact shapes can be analytically determined by the local apicobasal differential tension and the internal stress. Our continuum theory exhibits three regions in a phase diagram controlled by these two parameters, showing curvature transitions from ordered to disordered states. Additionally, we delve into epithelial curvature transition induced by the nucleus repositioning, revealing its active contribution to the apicobasal force generation. The uncovered mechanical principles could potentially guide more studies on epithelial folding in diverse systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yin
- Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics and Medical Science, Department of Engineering Mechanics, SVL, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Dong Liang
- Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics and Medical Science, Department of Engineering Mechanics, SVL, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Shuang-Quan He
- Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics and Medical Science, Department of Engineering Mechanics, SVL, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Li-Yuan Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guang-Kui Xu
- Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics and Medical Science, Department of Engineering Mechanics, SVL, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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11
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Li ML, Sumigray K. Redefining intestinal stemness: The emergence of a new ISC population. Cell 2024; 187:2900-2902. [PMID: 38848673 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
In tissue homeostasis, intestinal stem cells (ISCs) undergo continuous self-renewal to sustain rapid cellular turnover. In this issue of Cell, Capdevila et al.1 and Malagola, Vasciaveo, et al.2 identify a new ISC population in the upper crypt that can generate Lgr5+ stem cells during homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Lan Li
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Kaelyn Sumigray
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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12
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Huycke TR, Häkkinen TJ, Miyazaki H, Srivastava V, Barruet E, McGinnis CS, Kalantari A, Cornwall-Scoones J, Vaka D, Zhu Q, Jo H, Oria R, Weaver VM, DeGrado WF, Thomson M, Garikipati K, Boffelli D, Klein OD, Gartner ZJ. Patterning and folding of intestinal villi by active mesenchymal dewetting. Cell 2024; 187:3072-3089.e20. [PMID: 38781967 PMCID: PMC11166531 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Tissue folds are structural motifs critical to organ function. In the intestine, bending of a flat epithelium into a periodic pattern of folds gives rise to villi, finger-like protrusions that enable nutrient absorption. However, the molecular and mechanical processes driving villus morphogenesis remain unclear. Here, we identify an active mechanical mechanism that simultaneously patterns and folds the intestinal epithelium to initiate villus formation. At the cellular level, we find that PDGFRA+ subepithelial mesenchymal cells generate myosin II-dependent forces sufficient to produce patterned curvature in neighboring tissue interfaces. This symmetry-breaking process requires altered cell and extracellular matrix interactions that are enabled by matrix metalloproteinase-mediated tissue fluidization. Computational models, together with in vitro and in vivo experiments, revealed that these cellular features manifest at the tissue level as differences in interfacial tensions that promote mesenchymal aggregation and interface bending through a process analogous to the active dewetting of a thin liquid film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R Huycke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Teemu J Häkkinen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hikaru Miyazaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vasudha Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emilie Barruet
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Guerin Children's, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher S McGinnis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ali Kalantari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jake Cornwall-Scoones
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Dedeepya Vaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Guerin Children's, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Qin Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hyunil Jo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Roger Oria
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - William F DeGrado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matt Thomson
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Krishna Garikipati
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering, and Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dario Boffelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Guerin Children's, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Guerin Children's, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Zev J Gartner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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13
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Du W, Verma A, Ye Q, Du W, Lin S, Yamanaka A, Klein OD, Hu JK. Myosin II mediates Shh signals to shape dental epithelia via control of cell adhesion and movement. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011326. [PMID: 38857279 PMCID: PMC11192418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of ectodermal organs begins with the formation of a stratified epithelial placode that progressively invaginates into the underlying mesenchyme as the organ takes its shape. Signaling by secreted molecules is critical for epithelial morphogenesis, but how that information leads to cell rearrangement and tissue shape changes remains an open question. Using the mouse dentition as a model, we first establish that non-muscle myosin II is essential for dental epithelial invagination and show that it functions by promoting cell-cell adhesion and persistent convergent cell movements in the suprabasal layer. Shh signaling controls these processes by inducing myosin II activation via AKT. Pharmacological induction of AKT and myosin II can also rescue defects caused by the inhibition of Shh. Together, our results support a model in which the Shh signal is transmitted through myosin II to power effective cellular rearrangement for proper dental epithelial invagination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Adya Verma
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Qianlin Ye
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Wen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Sandy Lin
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Atsushi Yamanaka
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ophir D. Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jimmy K. Hu
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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14
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Lee RF, Li ML, Figetakis M, Sumigray K. A Coculture System for Modeling Intestinal Epithelial-Fibroblast Crosstalk. Methods Mol Biol 2024. [PMID: 38700834 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2024_544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Epithelial organoid monoculture is a powerful tool to model stem cell dynamics in vitro. However, extensive efforts have recently revealed various niche players and their significant roles in regulating epithelial stem cells. Among these niche components, fibroblasts have been heavily recognized in the field as a critical niche signal secretor. Thus, understanding the roles of fibroblasts in epithelial dynamics has become increasingly relevant and crucial. This propels the development of approaches to coculture epithelial 3D organoids with fibroblasts to model epithelial-fibroblast crosstalk in vitro. Here, we describe a stepwise coculture method to isolate and culture primary intestinal fibroblasts and epithelial organoids together. Aligned with the recent literature, our coculture protocol allows for primary intestinal fibroblast support of epithelial organoid growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca F Lee
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mei-Lan Li
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Maria Figetakis
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kaelyn Sumigray
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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15
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Scodellaro C, Pina RR, Ferreira FC, Sanjuan-Alberte P, Fernandes TG. Unlocking the Potential of Stem Cell Microenvironments In Vitro. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:289. [PMID: 38534563 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11030289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The field of regenerative medicine has recently witnessed groundbreaking advancements that hold immense promise for treating a wide range of diseases and injuries. At the forefront of this revolutionary progress are stem cells. Stem cells typically reside in specialized environments in vivo, known as microenvironments or niches, which play critical roles in regulating stem cell behavior and determining their fate. Therefore, understanding the complex microenvironments that surround stem cells is crucial for advancing treatment options in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications. Several research articles have made significant contributions to this field by exploring the interactions between stem cells and their surrounding niches, investigating the influence of biomechanical and biochemical cues, and developing innovative strategies for tissue regeneration. This review highlights the key findings and contributions of these studies, shedding light on the diverse applications that may arise from the understanding of stem cell microenvironments, thus harnessing the power of these microenvironments to transform the landscape of medicine and offer new avenues for regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Scodellaro
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raquel R Pina
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paola Sanjuan-Alberte
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tiago G Fernandes
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
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16
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López-Posadas R, Bagley DC, Pardo-Pastor C, Ortiz-Zapater E. The epithelium takes the stage in asthma and inflammatory bowel diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1258859. [PMID: 38529406 PMCID: PMC10961468 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1258859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The epithelium is a dynamic barrier and the damage to this epithelial layer governs a variety of complex mechanisms involving not only epithelial cells but all resident tissue constituents, including immune and stroma cells. Traditionally, diseases characterized by a damaged epithelium have been considered "immunological diseases," and research efforts aimed at preventing and treating these diseases have primarily focused on immuno-centric therapeutic strategies, that often fail to halt or reverse the natural progression of the disease. In this review, we intend to focus on specific mechanisms driven by the epithelium that ensure barrier function. We will bring asthma and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases into the spotlight, as we believe that these two diseases serve as pertinent examples of epithelium derived pathologies. Finally, we will argue how targeting the epithelium is emerging as a novel therapeutic strategy that holds promise for addressing these chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío López-Posadas
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universtiy Eralngen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dustin C. Bagley
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt’s House, School of Basic and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Pardo-Pastor
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt’s House, School of Basic and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto Investigación Hospital Clínico-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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17
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Paredes-López DM, Robles-Huaynate RA, Soto-Vásquez MR, Perales-Camacho RA, Morales-Cauti SM, Beteta-Blas X, Aldava-Pardave U. Modulation of Gut Microbiota, and Morphometry, Blood Profiles and performance of Broiler Chickens Supplemented with Piper aduncum, Morinda citrifolia, and Artocarpus altilis leaves Ethanolic Extracts. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1286152. [PMID: 38511194 PMCID: PMC10953691 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1286152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioactive plants such as P. aduncum, M. citrifolia, and A. altilis might improve intestinal health as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the ethanolic extracts (EEs) of these plants on the intestinal health of broiler chickens. Cobb 500 chickens (n = 352) were distributed into eight treatments with four replicates and 11 chickens each. T1 received a base diet, and T2 received a base diet with 0.005% zinc bacitracin. T3, T5, and T7 were supplemented with 0.005% of P. aduncum, M. citrifolia, and A. altilis EE in the diet while T4, T6, and T8 with 0.01% of the extract. The EEs were supplemented with drinking water from 1 to 26 days of age. The following parameters were evaluated: hematological profiles at 28 days of age, blood metabolites profiles at 14, 21, and 28 days; Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Lactobacillus sp. abundance in the ileum mucosa and content at 21 and 28 days, and histomorphometry of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum mucosa at 14, 21, and 28 d. Final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion rate (FCR) were evaluated at seven, 21, and 33 days of age. M. citrifolia and A. altilis EE at 0.01% increased blood glucose levels at 21 and 28 days of age, respectively, and P. aduncum and M. citrifolia EE at 0.01% increased triglycerides at 28 days of age; in addition, this EE did not have any effect on the AST and ALT profiles. The depths of the Lieberkühn crypts and the villi length to the crypt's depth ratio increased with age on supplementation with 0.01% M. citrifolia and A. altilis EE at 21 days of age (p < 0.05). In addition, the depth of the crypts increased at 28 days of age (p < 0.05) in chickens supplemented with 0.01% A. altilis EE. The 0.01% M. citrifolia EE in diet decreased in the Staphylococcus aureus population in the ileal microbiota (p < 0.05). The FW and WG during the fattening and in the three stages overall increased, and the FCR decreased; however, the FI and the carcass yield did not change in the broiler chickens supplemented with 0.01% M. citrifolia EE (p < 0.05). Conclusively, the M. citrifolia EE at 0.01% of the diet improved intestinal health and thus the performance indices of the broiler chickens and did not have a detrimental effect on any of the parameters evaluated, so it is postulated as a potential alternative to AGP in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. A. Robles-Huaynate
- Department of Animal Science, Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva, Tingo María, Peru
| | | | - Rosa Amelia Perales-Camacho
- Department of Animal and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Siever Miguel Morales-Cauti
- Department of Animal and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Xiomara Beteta-Blas
- Posgraduate School, Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva, Tingo María, Peru
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18
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Hinnant T, Ning W, Lechler T. Compartment specific responses to contractility in the small intestinal epithelium. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1010899. [PMID: 38517900 PMCID: PMC10990186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissues are subject to multiple mechanical inputs at the cellular level that influence their overall shape and function. In the small intestine, actomyosin contractility can be induced by many physiological and pathological inputs. However, we have little understanding of how contractility impacts the intestinal epithelium on a cellular and tissue level. In this study, we probed the cell and tissue-level effects of contractility by using mouse models to genetically increase the level of myosin activity in the two distinct morphologic compartments of the intestinal epithelium, the crypts and villi. We found that increased contractility in the villar compartment caused shape changes in the cells that expressed the transgene and their immediate neighbors. While there were no discernable effects on villar architecture or cell polarity, even low levels of transgene induction in the villi caused non-cell autonomous hyperproliferation of the transit amplifying cells in the crypt, driving increased cell flux through the crypt-villar axis. In contrast, induction of increased contractility in the proliferating cells of the crypts resulted in nuclear deformations, DNA damage, and apoptosis. This study reveals the complex and diverse responses of different intestinal epithelial cells to contractility and provides important insight into mechanical regulation of intestinal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Hinnant
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina United States of America
| | - Wenxiu Ning
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina United States of America
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Diseases. Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Terry Lechler
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina United States of America
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19
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Cameron O, Neves JF, Gentleman E. Listen to Your Gut: Key Concepts for Bioengineering Advanced Models of the Intestine. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2302165. [PMID: 38009508 PMCID: PMC10837392 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The intestine performs functions central to human health by breaking down food and absorbing nutrients while maintaining a selective barrier against the intestinal microbiome. Key to this barrier function are the combined efforts of lumen-lining specialized intestinal epithelial cells, and the supportive underlying immune cell-rich stromal tissue. The discovery that the intestinal epithelium can be reproduced in vitro as intestinal organoids introduced a new way to understand intestinal development, homeostasis, and disease. However, organoids reflect the intestinal epithelium in isolation whereas the underlying tissue also contains myriad cell types and impressive chemical and structural complexity. This review dissects the cellular and matrix components of the intestine and discusses strategies to replicate them in vitro using principles drawing from bottom-up biological self-organization and top-down bioengineering. It also covers the cellular, biochemical and biophysical features of the intestinal microenvironment and how these can be replicated in vitro by combining strategies from organoid biology with materials science. Particularly accessible chemistries that mimic the native extracellular matrix are discussed, and bioengineering approaches that aim to overcome limitations in modelling the intestine are critically evaluated. Finally, the review considers how further advances may extend the applications of intestinal models and their suitability for clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Cameron
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonSE1 9RTUK
| | - Joana F. Neves
- Centre for Host‐Microbiome InteractionsKing's College LondonLondonSE1 9RTUK
| | - Eileen Gentleman
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonSE1 9RTUK
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of LausanneLausanne1005Switzerland
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20
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Hopton RE, Jahahn NJ, Zemper AE. Lrig1 drives cryptogenesis and restrains proliferation during colon development. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G570-G581. [PMID: 37873577 PMCID: PMC11192189 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00094.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Growth and specification of the mouse intestine occurs in utero and concludes after birth. Although numerous studies have examined this developmental process in the small intestine, far less is known about the cellular and molecular cues required for colon development. In this study, we examine the morphological events leading to crypt formation, epithelial cell differentiation, proliferation, and the emergence and expression of a stem and progenitor cell marker Lrig1. Through multicolor lineage tracing, we show Lrig1-expressing cells are present at birth and behave as stem cells to establish clonal crypts within 3 wk of life. In addition, we use an inducible knockout mouse to eliminate Lrig1 and show Lrig1 restrains proliferation within a critical developmental time window, without impacting colonic epithelial cell differentiation. Our study illustrates morphological changes during crypt development and the importance of Lrig1 in the developing colon.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our studies define the importance of studying Lrig1 in colon development. We address a critical gap in the intestinal development literature and provide new information about the molecular cues that guide colon development. Using a novel, inducible knockout of Lrig1, we show Lrig1 is required for appropriate colon epithelial growth and illustrate the importance of Lrig1-expressing cells in the establishment of colonic crypts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Hopton
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Nicholas J Jahahn
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Anne E Zemper
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
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21
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Corley C, McElroy T, Sridharan B, Trujillo M, Simmons P, Kandel S, Sykes DJ, Robeson MS, Allen AR. Physiological and cognitive changes after treatments of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil: implications of the gut microbiome and depressive-like behavior. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1212791. [PMID: 37869506 PMCID: PMC10587567 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1212791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment colloquially referred to as chemobrain is a poorly understood phenomenon affecting a highly variable proportion of patients with breast cancer. Here we investigate the association between anxiety and despair-like behaviors in mice treated with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF) along with host histological, proteomic, gene expression, and gut microbial responses. Methods Forced swim and sociability tests were used to evaluate depression and despair-like behaviors. The tandem mass tag (TMT) proteomics approach was used to assess changes in the neural protein network of the amygdala and hippocampus. The composition of gut microbiota was assessed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Finally, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to evaluate changes in intestinal gap junction markers. Results and discussion We observed that CMF induced social and despair-like behavior in mice 96 hours following treatment. Proteomic analysis identified changes in various proteins related to progressive neurological disease, working memory deficit, primary anxiety disorder, and gene expression revealing increases in NMDA and AMPA receptors in both the hippocampus and the amygdala because of CMF treatment. These changes finally, we observed immediate changes in the microbial population after chemotherapy treatment, with a notable abundance of Muribaculaceae and Romboutsia which may contribute to changes seen in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Corley
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Taylor McElroy
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Bhavana Sridharan
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Madison Trujillo
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Pilar Simmons
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Sangam Kandel
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | | | - Michael S. Robeson
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Antiño R. Allen
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
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22
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White MJ, Singh T, Wang E, Smith Q, Kutys ML. 'Chip'-ing away at morphogenesis - application of organ-on-chip technologies to study tissue morphogenesis. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261130. [PMID: 37795818 PMCID: PMC10565497 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergent cell behaviors that drive tissue morphogenesis are the integrated product of instructions from gene regulatory networks, mechanics and signals from the local tissue microenvironment. How these discrete inputs intersect to coordinate diverse morphogenic events is a critical area of interest. Organ-on-chip technology has revolutionized the ability to construct and manipulate miniaturized human tissues with organotypic three-dimensional architectures in vitro. Applications of organ-on-chip platforms have increasingly transitioned from proof-of-concept tissue engineering to discovery biology, furthering our understanding of molecular and mechanical mechanisms that operate across biological scales to orchestrate tissue morphogenesis. Here, we provide the biological framework to harness organ-on-chip systems to study tissue morphogenesis, and we highlight recent examples where organ-on-chips and associated microphysiological systems have enabled new mechanistic insight in diverse morphogenic settings. We further highlight the use of organ-on-chip platforms as emerging test beds for cell and developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. White
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tania Singh
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- UCSF-UC Berkeley Joint Program in Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Eric Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Quinton Smith
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Matthew L. Kutys
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- UCSF-UC Berkeley Joint Program in Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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23
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Zhang P, Medwig-Kinney TN, Goldstein B. Architecture of the cortical actomyosin network driving apical constriction in C. elegans. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202302102. [PMID: 37351566 PMCID: PMC10289891 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202302102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Apical constriction is a cell shape change that drives key morphogenetic events during development, including gastrulation and neural tube formation. The forces driving apical constriction are primarily generated through the contraction of apicolateral and/or medioapical actomyosin networks. In the Drosophila ventral furrow, the medioapical actomyosin network has a sarcomere-like architecture, with radially polarized actin filaments and centrally enriched non-muscle myosin II and myosin activating kinase. To determine if this is a broadly conserved actin architecture driving apical constriction, we examined actomyosin architecture during C. elegans gastrulation, in which two endodermal precursor cells internalize from the surface of the embryo. Quantification of protein localization showed that neither the non-muscle myosin II NMY-2 nor the myosin-activating kinase MRCK-1 is enriched at the center of the apex. Further, visualization of barbed- and pointed-end capping proteins revealed that actin filaments do not exhibit radial polarization at the apex. Our results demonstrate that C. elegans endodermal precursor cells apically constrict using a mixed-polarity actin filament network and with myosin and a myosin activator distributed throughout the network. Taken together with observations made in other organisms, our results demonstrate that diverse actomyosin architectures are used in animal cells to accomplish apical constriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Zhang
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Bob Goldstein
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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24
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Huycke TR, Miyazaki H, Häkkinen TJ, Srivastava V, Barruet E, McGinnis CS, Kalantari A, Cornwall-Scoones J, Vaka D, Zhu Q, Jo H, DeGrado WF, Thomson M, Garikipati K, Boffelli D, Klein OD, Gartner ZJ. Patterning and folding of intestinal villi by active mesenchymal dewetting. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.25.546328. [PMID: 37425793 PMCID: PMC10326967 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.25.546328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Tissue folding generates structural motifs critical to organ function. In the intestine, bending of a flat epithelium into a periodic pattern of folds gives rise to villi, the numerous finger-like protrusions that are essential for nutrient absorption. However, the molecular and mechanical mechanisms driving the initiation and morphogenesis of villi remain a matter of debate. Here, we identify an active mechanical mechanism that simultaneously patterns and folds intestinal villi. We find that PDGFRA+ subepithelial mesenchymal cells generate myosin II-dependent forces sufficient to produce patterned curvature in neighboring tissue interfaces. At the cell-level, this occurs through a process dependent upon matrix metalloproteinase-mediated tissue fluidization and altered cell-ECM adhesion. By combining computational models with in vivo experiments, we reveal these cellular features manifest at the tissue-level as differences in interfacial tensions that promote mesenchymal aggregation and interface bending through a process analogous to the active de-wetting of a thin liquid film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R. Huycke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Hikaru Miyazaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Teemu J. Häkkinen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Vasudha Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emilie Barruet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher S. McGinnis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ali Kalantari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jake Cornwall-Scoones
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Dedeepya Vaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Qin Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hyunil Jo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William F. DeGrado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matt Thomson
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Krishna Garikipati
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering, and Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Dario Boffelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ophir D. Klein
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Zev J. Gartner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
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25
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Xiang J, Guo J, Zhang S, Wu H, Chen YG, Wang J, Li B, Liu H. A stromal lineage maintains crypt structure and villus homeostasis in the intestinal stem cell niche. BMC Biol 2023; 21:169. [PMID: 37553612 PMCID: PMC10408166 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01667-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nutrient-absorbing villi of small intestines are renewed and repaired by intestinal stem cells (ISCs), which reside in a well-organized crypt structure. Genetic studies have shown that Wnt molecules secreted by telocytes, Gli1+ stromal cells, and epithelial cells are required for ISC proliferation and villus homeostasis. Intestinal stromal cells are heterogeneous and single-cell profiling has divided them into telocytes/subepithelial myofibroblasts, myocytes, pericytes, trophocytes, and Pdgfralow stromal cells. Yet, the niche function of these stromal populations remains incompletely understood. RESULTS We show here that a Twist2 stromal lineage, which constitutes the Pdgfralow stromal cell and trophocyte subpopulations, maintains the crypt structure to provide an inflammation-restricting niche for regenerating ISCs. Ablating Twist2 lineage cells or deletion of one Wntless allele in these cells disturbs the crypt structure and impairs villus homeostasis. Upon radiation, Wntless haplo-deficiency caused decreased production of anti-microbial peptides and increased inflammation, leading to defective ISC proliferation and crypt regeneration, which were partially rescued by eradication of commensal bacteria. In addition, we show that Wnts secreted by Acta2+ subpopulations also play a role in crypt regeneration but not homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that ISCs may require different niches for villus homeostasis and regeneration and that the Twist2 lineage cells may help to maintain a microbe-restricted environment to allow ISC-mediated crypt regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinnan Xiang
- The Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200024, China
| | - Jigang Guo
- The Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200024, China
| | - Shaoyang Zhang
- The Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200024, China
| | - Hongguang Wu
- The Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200024, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Junping Wang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Baojie Li
- The Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200024, China.
| | - Huijuan Liu
- The Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200024, China.
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26
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Hinnant T, Ning W, Lechler T. Compartment specific responses to contractility in the small intestinal epithelium. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.07.552224. [PMID: 37609300 PMCID: PMC10441304 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.07.552224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Tissues are subject to multiple mechanical inputs at the cellular level that influence their overall shape and function. In the small intestine, actomyosin contractility can be induced by many physiological and pathological inputs. However, we have little understanding of how contractility impacts the intestinal epithelium on a cellular and tissue level. In this study, we probed the cell and tissue-level effects of contractility by using mouse models to genetically increase the level of myosin activity in the two distinct morphologic compartments of the intestinal epithelium, the crypts and villi. We found that increased contractility in the villar compartment caused shape changes in the cells that expressed the transgene and their immediate neighbors. While there were no discernable effects on villar architecture, even low levels of transgene induction in the villi caused non-cell autonomous hyperproliferation of the transit amplifying cells in the crypt, driving increased cell flux through the crypt-villar axis. In contrast, induction of increased contractility in the proliferating cells of the crypts resulted in nuclear deformations, DNA damage, and apoptosis. This study reveals the complex and diverse responses of different intestinal epithelial cells to contractility and provides important insight into mechanical regulation of intestinal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Hinnant
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Wenxiu Ning
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Terry Lechler
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
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27
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Kolev HM, Kaestner KH. Mammalian Intestinal Development and Differentiation-The State of the Art. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 16:809-821. [PMID: 37507088 PMCID: PMC10520362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The development of the mammalian intestine, from its earliest origins as a morphologically uniform sheet of endoderm cells during gastrulation into the complex organ system that is essential for the life of the organism, is a truly fascinating process. During midgestation development, reciprocal interactions between endoderm-derived epithelium and mesoderm-derived mesenchyme enable villification, or the conversion of a radially symmetric pseudostratified epithelium into the functional subdivision of crypts and villi. Once a mature crypt-villus axis is established, proliferation and differentiation of new epithelial cells continue throughout life. Spatially localized signals including the wingless and Int-1, fibroblast growth factor, and Hippo systems, among others, ensure that new cells are being born continuously in the crypt. As cells exit the crypt compartment, a gradient of bone morphogenetic protein signaling limits proliferation to allow for the specification of multiple mature cell types. The first major differentiation decision is dependent on Notch signaling, which specifies epithelial cells into absorptive and secretory lineages. The secretory lineage is subdivided further into Paneth, goblet, tuft, and enteroendocrine cells via a complex network of transcription factors. Although some of the signaling molecules are produced by epithelial cells, critical components are derived from specialized crypt-adjacent mesenchymal cells termed telocytes, which are marked by Forkhead box l1, GLI Family Zinc Finger 1, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor α. The crucial nature of these processes is evidenced by the multitude of intestinal disorders such as colorectal cancer, short-bowel syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease, which all reflect perturbations of the development and/or differentiation of the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Kolev
- Department of Genetics and Center for Molecular Studies in Digestive and Liver Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics and Center for Molecular Studies in Digestive and Liver Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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28
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Pikkupeura LM, Bressan RB, Guiu J, Chen Y, Maimets M, Mayer D, Schweiger PJ, Hansen SL, Maciag GJ, Larsen HL, Lõhmussaar K, Pedersen MT, Teves JMY, Bornholdt J, Benes V, Sandelin A, Jensen KB. Transcriptional and epigenomic profiling identifies YAP signaling as a key regulator of intestinal epithelium maturation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf9460. [PMID: 37436997 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf9460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
During intestinal organogenesis, equipotent epithelial progenitors mature into phenotypically distinct stem cells that are responsible for lifelong maintenance of the tissue. While the morphological changes associated with the transition are well characterized, the molecular mechanisms underpinning the maturation process are not fully understood. Here, we leverage intestinal organoid cultures to profile transcriptional, chromatin accessibility, DNA methylation, and three-dimensional (3D) chromatin conformation landscapes in fetal and adult epithelial cells. We observed prominent differences in gene expression and enhancer activity, which are accompanied by local changes in 3D organization, DNA accessibility, and methylation between the two cellular states. Using integrative analyses, we identified sustained Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) transcriptional activity as a major gatekeeper of the immature fetal state. We found the YAP-associated transcriptional network to be regulated at various levels of chromatin organization and likely to be coordinated by changes in extracellular matrix composition. Together, our work highlights the value of unbiased profiling of regulatory landscapes for the identification of key mechanisms underlying tissue maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Pikkupeura
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Center, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Raul B Bressan
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Jordi Guiu
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 3a planta, Av. Granvia de l'Hospitalet 199, Hospitalet de Llobregat 08908, Spain
| | - Yun Chen
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Center, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Martti Maimets
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Daniela Mayer
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Pawel J Schweiger
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Stine L Hansen
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Grzegorz J Maciag
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Hjalte L Larsen
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Kadi Lõhmussaar
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | | | - Joji M Yap Teves
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Jette Bornholdt
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Center, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | | | - Albin Sandelin
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Center, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Kim B Jensen
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
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29
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Marín-Llauradó A, Kale S, Ouzeri A, Golde T, Sunyer R, Torres-Sánchez A, Latorre E, Gómez-González M, Roca-Cusachs P, Arroyo M, Trepat X. Mapping mechanical stress in curved epithelia of designed size and shape. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4014. [PMID: 37419987 PMCID: PMC10329037 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38879-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of organs such as lungs, kidneys and mammary glands relies on the three-dimensional geometry of their epithelium. To adopt shapes such as spheres, tubes and ellipsoids, epithelia generate mechanical stresses that are generally unknown. Here we engineer curved epithelial monolayers of controlled size and shape and map their state of stress. We design pressurized epithelia with circular, rectangular and ellipsoidal footprints. We develop a computational method, called curved monolayer stress microscopy, to map the stress tensor in these epithelia. This method establishes a correspondence between epithelial shape and mechanical stress without assumptions of material properties. In epithelia with spherical geometry we show that stress weakly increases with areal strain in a size-independent manner. In epithelia with rectangular and ellipsoidal cross-section we find pronounced stress anisotropies that impact cell alignment. Our approach enables a systematic study of how geometry and stress influence epithelial fate and function in three-dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Marín-Llauradó
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sohan Kale
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
- Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Adam Ouzeri
- LaCàN, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tom Golde
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raimon Sunyer
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Torres-Sánchez
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- LaCàN, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, Barcelona, Spain
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Barcelona, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ernest Latorre
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Gómez-González
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marino Arroyo
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- LaCàN, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centre Internacional de Mètodes Numèrics en Enginyeria (CIMNE), 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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30
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Salvi PS, Shaughnessy MP, Sumigray KD, Cowles RA. Antibiotic-induced microbial depletion enhances murine small intestinal epithelial growth in a serotonin-dependent manner. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G80-G91. [PMID: 37158470 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00113.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of small intestinal epithelial growth by endogenous and environmental factors is critical for intestinal homeostasis and recovery from insults. Depletion of the intestinal microbiome increases epithelial proliferation in small intestinal crypts, similar to the effects observed in animal models of serotonin potentiation. Based on prior evidence that the microbiome modulates serotonin activity, we hypothesized that microbial depletion-induced epithelial proliferation is dependent on host serotonin activity. A mouse model of antibiotic-induced microbial depletion (AIMD) was employed. Serotonin potentiation was achieved through either genetic knockout of the serotonin transporter (SERT) or pharmacological SERT inhibition, and inhibition of serotonin synthesis was achieved with para-chlorophenylalanine. AIMD and serotonin potentiation increased intestinal villus height and crypt proliferation in an additive manner, but the epithelial proliferation observed after AIMD was blocked in the absence of endogenous serotonin. Using Lgr5-EGFP-reporter mice, we evaluated intestinal stem cell (ISC) quantity and proliferation. AIMD increased the number of ISCs per crypt and ISC proliferation compared with controls, and changes in ISC number and proliferation were dependent on the presence of host serotonin. Furthermore, Western blotting demonstrated that AIMD reduced epithelial SERT protein expression compared with controls. In conclusion, host serotonin activity is necessary for microbial depletion-associated changes in villus height and ISC proliferation in crypts, and microbial depletion produces a functional serotonin-potentiated state through reduced SERT protein expression. These findings provide an understanding of how changes to the microbiome contribute to intestinal pathology and can be applied therapeutically.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Antibiotic-induced microbial depletion of the murine small intestine results in a state of potentiated serotonin activity through reduced epithelial expression of the serotonin transporter. Specifically, serotonin-dependent mechanisms lead to increased intestinal surface area and intestinal stem cell proliferation. Furthermore, the absence of endogenous serotonin leads to blunting of small intestinal villi, suggesting that serotonin signaling is required for epithelial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja S Salvi
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Matthew P Shaughnessy
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Kaelyn D Sumigray
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Robert A Cowles
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
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31
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Liu Y, Reyes E, Castillo-Azofeifa D, Klein OD, Nystul T, Barber DL. Intracellular pH dynamics regulates intestinal stem cell lineage specification. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3745. [PMID: 37353491 PMCID: PMC10290085 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39312-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular pH dynamics is increasingly recognized to regulate myriad cell behaviors. We report a finding that intracellular pH dynamics also regulates adult stem cell lineage specification. We identify an intracellular pH gradient in mouse small intestinal crypts, lowest in crypt stem cells and increasing along the crypt column. Disrupting this gradient by inhibiting H+ efflux by Na+/H+ exchanger 1 abolishes crypt budding and blocks differentiation of Paneth cells, which are rescued with exogenous WNT. Using single-cell RNA sequencing and lineage tracing we demonstrate that intracellular pH dynamics acts downstream of ATOH1, with increased pH promoting differentiation toward the secretory lineage. Our findings indicate that an increase in pH is required for the lineage specification that contributes to crypt maintenance, establishing a role for intracellular pH dynamics in cell fate decisions within an adult stem cell lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Efren Reyes
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - David Castillo-Azofeifa
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Todd Nystul
- Departments of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Diane L Barber
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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32
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Hopton RE, Jahahn NJ, Zemper AE. The Role of Lrig1 in the Development of the Colonic Epithelium. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.02.539114. [PMID: 37205411 PMCID: PMC10187246 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.02.539114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Growth and specification of the mouse intestine occurs in utero and concludes after birth. While numerous studies have examined this developmental process in the small intestine, far less is known about the cellular and molecular cues required for colon development. In this study, we examine the morphological events leading to crypt formation, epithelial cell differentiation, areas of proliferation, and the emergence and expression of a stem and progenitor cell marker Lrig1. Through multicolor lineage tracing, we show Lrig1 expressing cells are present at birth and behave as stem cells to establish clonal crypts within three weeks after birth. In addition, we use an inducible knockout mouse to eliminate Lrig1 during colon development and show loss of Lrig1 restrains proliferation within a critical developmental time window, without impacting colonic epithelial cell differentiation. Our study illustrates the morphological changes that occur during crypt development and the importance of Lrig1 in the developing colon.
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33
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McCarthy N, Tie G, Madha S, He R, Kraiczy J, Maglieri A, Shivdasani RA. Smooth muscle contributes to the development and function of a layered intestinal stem cell niche. Dev Cell 2023; 58:550-564.e6. [PMID: 36924771 PMCID: PMC10089980 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Wnt and Rspondin (RSPO) signaling drives proliferation, and bone morphogenetic protein inhibitors (BMPi) impede differentiation, of intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Here, we identify the mouse ISC niche as a complex, multi-layered structure that encompasses distinct mesenchymal and smooth muscle populations. In young and adult mice, diverse sub-cryptal cells provide redundant ISC-supportive factors; few of these are restricted to single cell types. Niche functions refine during postnatal crypt morphogenesis, in part to oppose the dense aggregation of differentiation-promoting BMP+ sub-epithelial myofibroblasts at crypt-villus junctions. Muscularis mucosae, a specialized muscle layer, first appears during this period and supplements neighboring RSPO and BMPi sources. Components of this developing niche are conserved in human fetuses. The in vivo ablation of mouse postnatal smooth muscle increases BMP signaling activity, potently limiting a pre-weaning burst of crypt fission. Thus, distinct and progressively specialized mesenchymal cells together create the milieu that is required to propagate crypts during rapid organ growth and to sustain adult ISCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil McCarthy
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Guodong Tie
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shariq Madha
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ruiyang He
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Judith Kraiczy
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Adrianna Maglieri
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ramesh A Shivdasani
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Perrin L, Matic Vignjevic D. The emerging roles of the cytoskeleton in intestinal epithelium homeostasis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023:S1084-9521(23)00071-X. [PMID: 36948998 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium must absorb many nutrients and water while forming a barrier that is impermeable to pathogens present in the external environment. Concurrently to fulfill this dual role, the intestinal epithelium is challenged by a rapid renewal of cells and forces resulting from digestion. Hence, intestinal homeostasis requires precise control of tissue integrity, tissue renewal, cell polarity, and force generation/transmission. In this review, we highlight the contribution of the cell cytoskeleton- actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments- to intestinal epithelium homeostasis. With a focus on enterocytes, we first discuss the role of these networks in the formation and maintenance of cell-cell and cell-matrix junctions. Then, we cover their role in intracellular trafficking related to the apicobasal polarity of enterocytes. Finally, we report on the cytoskeletal changes that occur during tissue renewal. In conclusion, the importance of the cytoskeleton in maintaining intestinal homeostasis is emerging, and we think this field will keep evolving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisiane Perrin
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France.
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35
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Schamberger B, Ziege R, Anselme K, Ben Amar M, Bykowski M, Castro APG, Cipitria A, Coles RA, Dimova R, Eder M, Ehrig S, Escudero LM, Evans ME, Fernandes PR, Fratzl P, Geris L, Gierlinger N, Hannezo E, Iglič A, Kirkensgaard JJK, Kollmannsberger P, Kowalewska Ł, Kurniawan NA, Papantoniou I, Pieuchot L, Pires THV, Renner LD, Sageman-Furnas AO, Schröder-Turk GE, Sengupta A, Sharma VR, Tagua A, Tomba C, Trepat X, Waters SL, Yeo EF, Roschger A, Bidan CM, Dunlop JWC. Curvature in Biological Systems: Its Quantification, Emergence, and Implications across the Scales. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2206110. [PMID: 36461812 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Surface curvature both emerges from, and influences the behavior of, living objects at length scales ranging from cell membranes to single cells to tissues and organs. The relevance of surface curvature in biology is supported by numerous experimental and theoretical investigations in recent years. In this review, first, a brief introduction to the key ideas of surface curvature in the context of biological systems is given and the challenges that arise when measuring surface curvature are discussed. Giving an overview of the emergence of curvature in biological systems, its significance at different length scales becomes apparent. On the other hand, summarizing current findings also shows that both single cells and entire cell sheets, tissues or organisms respond to curvature by modulating their shape and their migration behavior. Finally, the interplay between the distribution of morphogens or micro-organisms and the emergence of curvature across length scales is addressed with examples demonstrating these key mechanistic principles of morphogenesis. Overall, this review highlights that curved interfaces are not merely a passive by-product of the chemical, biological, and mechanical processes but that curvature acts also as a signal that co-determines these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Schamberger
- Department of the Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ricardo Ziege
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Karine Anselme
- IS2M (CNRS - UMR 7361), Université de Haute-Alsace, F-68100, Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67081, Strasbourg, France
| | - Martine Ben Amar
- Department of Physics, Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Michał Bykowski
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - André P G Castro
- IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
- ESTS, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, 2914-761, Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Amaia Cipitria
- IS2M (CNRS - UMR 7361), Université de Haute-Alsace, F-68100, Mulhouse, France
- Group of Bioengineering in Regeneration and Cancer, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Rhoslyn A Coles
- Cluster of Excellence, Matters of Activity, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Department of Theory and Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michaela Eder
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ehrig
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luis M Escudero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Myfanwy E Evans
- Institute for Mathematics, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Paulo R Fernandes
- IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Liesbet Geris
- Biomechanics Research Unit, GIGA In Silico Medicine, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Notburga Gierlinger
- Institute of Biophysics, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (Boku), 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edouard Hannezo
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Aleš Iglič
- Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Electrical engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jacob J K Kirkensgaard
- Condensed Matter Physics, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, København Ø, Denmark
- Ingredients and Dairy Technology, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Philip Kollmannsberger
- Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology, University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Łucja Kowalewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nicholas A Kurniawan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ioannis Papantoniou
- Prometheus Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, O&N1, Herestraat 49, PB 813, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, O&N1, Herestraat 49, PB 813, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), Stadiou Str., 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Laurent Pieuchot
- IS2M (CNRS - UMR 7361), Université de Haute-Alsace, F-68100, Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67081, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tiago H V Pires
- IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lars D Renner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research and the Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Gerd E Schröder-Turk
- School of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
- Department of Materials Physics, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Anupam Sengupta
- Physics of Living Matter, Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, L-1511, Luxembourg City, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
| | - Vikas R Sharma
- Department of the Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Antonio Tagua
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Caterina Tomba
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, INL, UMR5270, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Xavier Trepat
- ICREA at the Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sarah L Waters
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, OX2 6GG, Oxford, UK
| | - Edwina F Yeo
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, OX2 6GG, Oxford, UK
| | - Andreas Roschger
- Department of the Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Cécile M Bidan
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - John W C Dunlop
- Department of the Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
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36
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Fasting Protocols Do Not Improve Intestinal Architecture and Immune Parameters in C57BL/6 Male Mice Fed a High Fat Diet. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:medicines10020018. [PMID: 36827218 PMCID: PMC9961949 DOI: 10.3390/medicines10020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestinal ecosystem, including epithelium, immune cells, and microbiota, are influenced by diet and timing of food consumption. The purpose of this study was to evaluate various dietary protocols after ad libitum high fat diet (HFD) consumption on intestinal morphology and mucosal immunity. METHODS C57BL/6 male mice were fed a 45% high fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks and then randomized to the following protocols; (1) chow, (2) a purified high fiber diet known as the Daniel Fast (DF), HFD consumed (3) ad libitum or in a restricted manner; (4) caloric-restricted, (5) time-restricted (six hours of fasting in each 24 h), or (6) alternate-day fasting (24 h fasting every other day). Intestinal morphology and gut-associated immune parameters were investigated after 2 months on respective protocols. RESULTS Consuming a HFD resulted in shortening of the intestine and reduction in villi and crypt size. Fasting, while consuming the HFD, did not restore these parameters to the extent seen with the chow and DF diet. Goblet cell number and regulatory T cells had improved recovery with high fiber diets, not seen with the HFD irrespective of fasting. CONCLUSION Nutritional content is a critical determinant of intestinal parameters associated with gut health.
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Martínez-Sánchez LDC, Ngo PA, Pradhan R, Becker LS, Boehringer D, Soteriou D, Kubankova M, Schweitzer C, Koch T, Thonn V, Erkert L, Stolzer I, Günther C, Becker C, Weigmann B, Klewer M, Daniel C, Amann K, Tenzer S, Atreya R, Bergo M, Brakebusch C, Watson AJM, Guck J, Fabry B, Atreya I, Neurath MF, López-Posadas R. Epithelial RAC1-dependent cytoskeleton dynamics controls cell mechanics, cell shedding and barrier integrity in intestinal inflammation. Gut 2023; 72:275-294. [PMID: 35241625 PMCID: PMC9872254 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased apoptotic shedding has been linked to intestinal barrier dysfunction and development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In contrast, physiological cell shedding allows the renewal of the epithelial monolayer without compromising the barrier function. Here, we investigated the role of live cell extrusion in epithelial barrier alterations in IBD. DESIGN Taking advantage of conditional GGTase and RAC1 knockout mice in intestinal epithelial cells (Pggt1b iΔIEC and Rac1 iΔIEC mice), intravital microscopy, immunostaining, mechanobiology, organoid techniques and RNA sequencing, we analysed cell shedding alterations within the intestinal epithelium. Moreover, we examined human gut tissue and intestinal organoids from patients with IBD for cell shedding alterations and RAC1 function. RESULTS Epithelial Pggt1b deletion led to cytoskeleton rearrangement and tight junction redistribution, causing cell overcrowding due to arresting of cell shedding that finally resulted in epithelial leakage and spontaneous mucosal inflammation in the small and to a lesser extent in the large intestine. Both in vivo and in vitro studies (knockout mice, organoids) identified RAC1 as a GGTase target critically involved in prenylation-dependent cytoskeleton dynamics, cell mechanics and epithelial cell shedding. Moreover, inflamed areas of gut tissue from patients with IBD exhibited funnel-like structures, signs of arrested cell shedding and impaired RAC1 function. RAC1 inhibition in human intestinal organoids caused actin alterations compatible with arresting of cell shedding. CONCLUSION Impaired epithelial RAC1 function causes cell overcrowding and epithelial leakage thus inducing chronic intestinal inflammation. Epithelial RAC1 emerges as key regulator of cytoskeletal dynamics, cell mechanics and intestinal cell shedding. Modulation of RAC1 might be exploited for restoration of epithelial integrity in the gut of patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz del Carmen Martínez-Sánchez
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Phuong Anh Ngo
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rashmita Pradhan
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas-Sebastian Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Boehringer
- Department of Physics, University of Erlangen Nuremberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Despina Soteriou
- Max-Planck Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany,Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Marketa Kubankova
- Max-Planck Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany,Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Christine Schweitzer
- Max-Planck Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany,Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Tatyana Koch
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Veronika Thonn
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lena Erkert
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Iris Stolzer
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claudia Günther
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benno Weigmann
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Monika Klewer
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Stefan Tenzer
- University Medical Center Mainz, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany
| | - Raja Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Bergo
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cord Brakebusch
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Kobenhavn, Hovedstaden, Denmark
| | | | - Jochen Guck
- Department of Physics, University of Erlangen Nuremberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany,Max-Planck Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany,Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Ben Fabry
- Department of Physics, University of Erlangen Nuremberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Imke Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rocío López-Posadas
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany .,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
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Zhang P, Medwig-Kinney TN, Goldstein B. Architecture of the cortical actomyosin network driving apical constriction in C. elegans. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.30.526280. [PMID: 36778218 PMCID: PMC9915510 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.30.526280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Apical constriction is a cell shape change that drives key morphogenetic events during development, including gastrulation and neural tube formation. The forces driving apical constriction are primarily generated through the contraction of apicolateral and/or medioapical actomyosin networks. In the Drosophila ventral furrow, the medioapical actomyosin network has a sarcomere-like architecture, with radially polarized actin filaments and centrally enriched non-muscle myosin II and myosin activating kinase. To determine if this is a broadly conserved actin architecture driving apical constriction, we examined actomyosin architecture during C. elegans gastrulation, in which two endodermal precursor cells internalize from the surface of the embryo. Quantification of protein localization showed that neither the non-muscle myosin II NMY-2 nor the myosin-activating kinase MRCK-1 is enriched at the center of the apex. Further, visualization of barbed- and pointed-end capping proteins revealed that actin filaments do not exhibit radial polarization at the apex. Taken together with observations made in other organisms, our results demonstrate that diverse actomyosin architectures are used in animal cells to accomplish apical constriction. Summary Through live-cell imaging of endogenously-tagged proteins, Zhang, Medwig-Kinney, and Goldstein show that the medioapical actomyosin network driving apical constriction during C. elegans gastrulation is organized diffusely, in contrast to the sarcomere-like architecture previously observed in the Drosophila ventral furrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Zhang
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Taylor N. Medwig-Kinney
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Bob Goldstein
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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Elsasser TH, Ma B, Ravel J, Kahl S, Gajer P, Cross A. Short-term feeding of defatted bovine colostrum mitigates inflammation in the gut via changes in metabolites and microbiota in a chicken animal model. Anim Microbiome 2023; 5:6. [PMID: 36703224 PMCID: PMC9878500 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00225-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nondrug supplement strategies to improve gut health have largely focused on the effects of individual compounds to improve one aspect of gut homeostasis. However, there is no comprehensive assessment of the reproducible effects of oral, short-term, low-level colostrum supplementation on gut inflammation status that are specific to the ileum. Herein, a chicken animal model highly responsive to even mild gut inflammatory stimuli was employed to compare the outcomes of feeding a standard diet (CON) to those of CON supplemented with a centrifuge-defatted bovine colostrum (BC) or a nonfat dried milk (NFDM) control on the efficiency of nutrient use, ileal morphology, gut nitro-oxidative inflammation status, metabolites, and the composition of the microbiota. RESULTS A repeated design, iterative multiple regression model was developed to analyze how BC affected ileal digesta-associated anti-inflammatory metabolite abundance coincident with observed changes in the ileal microbiome, mitigation of epithelial inflammation, and ileal surface morphology. An improved whole body nutrient use efficiency in the BC group (v CON and NFDM) coincided with the observed increased ileum absorptive surface and reduced epithelial cell content of tyrosine-nitrated protein (NT, biomarker of nitro-oxidative inflammatory stress). Metabolome analysis revealed that anti-inflammatory metabolites were significantly greater in abundance in BC-fed animals. BC also had a beneficial BC impact on microbiota, particularly in promoting the presence of the bacterial types associated with eubiosis and the segmented filamentous bacteria, Candidatus Arthromitus. CONCLUSION The data suggest that an anti-inflammatory environment in the ileum was more evident in BC than in the other feeding groups and associated with an increased content of statistically definable groups of anti-inflammatory metabolites that appear to functionally link the observed interactions between the host's improved gut health with an observed increase in whole body nutrient use efficiency, beneficial changes in the microbiome and immunometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted H. Elsasser
- grid.463419.d0000 0001 0946 3608Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, USA Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
| | - Bing Ma
- grid.411024.20000 0001 2175 4264Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Jacques Ravel
- grid.411024.20000 0001 2175 4264Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Stanislaw Kahl
- grid.463419.d0000 0001 0946 3608Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, USA Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
| | - Pawel Gajer
- grid.411024.20000 0001 2175 4264Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Alan Cross
- grid.411024.20000 0001 2175 4264Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
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Yavitt FM, Kirkpatrick BE, Blatchley MR, Speckl KF, Mohagheghian E, Moldovan R, Wang N, Dempsey PJ, Anseth KS. In situ modulation of intestinal organoid epithelial curvature through photoinduced viscoelasticity directs crypt morphogenesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd5668. [PMID: 36662859 PMCID: PMC9858500 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add5668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Spatiotemporally coordinated transformations in epithelial curvature are necessary to generate crypt-villus structures during intestinal development. However, the temporal regulation of mechanotransduction pathways that drive crypt morphogenesis remains understudied. Intestinal organoids have proven useful to study crypt morphogenesis in vitro, yet the reliance on static culture scaffolds limits the ability to assess the temporal effects of changing curvature. Here, a photoinduced hydrogel cross-link exchange reaction is used to spatiotemporally alter epithelial curvature and study how dynamic changes in curvature influence mechanotransduction pathways to instruct crypt morphogenesis. Photopatterned curvature increased membrane tension and depolarization, which was required for subsequent nuclear localization of yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) observed 24 hours following curvature change. Curvature-directed crypt morphogenesis only occurred following a delay in the induction of differentiation that coincided with the delay in spatially restricted YAP localization, indicating that dynamic changes in curvature initiate epithelial curvature-dependent mechanotransduction pathways that temporally regulate crypt morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Max Yavitt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Bruce E. Kirkpatrick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Michael R. Blatchley
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Kelly F. Speckl
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Erfan Mohagheghian
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, The Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Radu Moldovan
- Advanced Light Microscopy Core Facility, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, The Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Peter J. Dempsey
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | - Kristi S. Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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41
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Khoromskaia D, Salbreux G. Active morphogenesis of patterned epithelial shells. eLife 2023; 12:75878. [PMID: 36649186 PMCID: PMC9844985 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Shape transformations of epithelial tissues in three dimensions, which are crucial for embryonic development or in vitro organoid growth, can result from active forces generated within the cytoskeleton of the epithelial cells. How the interplay of local differential tensions with tissue geometry and with external forces results in tissue-scale morphogenesis remains an open question. Here, we describe epithelial sheets as active viscoelastic surfaces and study their deformation under patterned internal tensions and bending moments. In addition to isotropic effects, we take into account nematic alignment in the plane of the tissue, which gives rise to shape-dependent, anisotropic active tensions and bending moments. We present phase diagrams of the mechanical equilibrium shapes of pre-patterned closed shells and explore their dynamical deformations. Our results show that a combination of nematic alignment and gradients in internal tensions and bending moments is sufficient to reproduce basic building blocks of epithelial morphogenesis, including fold formation, budding, neck formation, flattening, and tubulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillaume Salbreux
- The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
- University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
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42
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Ramadan R, Wouters VM, van Neerven SM, de Groot NE, Garcia TM, Muncan V, Franklin OD, Battle M, Carlson KS, Leach J, Sansom OJ, Boulard O, Chamaillard M, Vermeulen L, Medema JP, Huels DJ. The extracellular matrix controls stem cell specification and crypt morphology in the developing and adult mouse gut. Biol Open 2022; 11:bio059544. [PMID: 36350252 PMCID: PMC9713296 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid renewal of the epithelial gut lining is fuelled by stem cells that reside at the base of intestinal crypts. The signal transduction pathways and morphogens that regulate intestinal stem cell self-renewal and differentiation have been extensively characterised. In contrast, although extracellular matrix (ECM) components form an integral part of the intestinal stem cell niche, their direct influence on the cellular composition is less well understood. We set out to systematically compare the effect of two ECM classes, the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane, on the intestinal epithelium. We found that both collagen I and laminin-containing cultures allow growth of small intestinal epithelial cells with all cell types present in both cultures, albeit at different ratios. The collagen cultures contained a subset of cells enriched in fetal-like markers. In contrast, laminin increased Lgr5+ stem cells and Paneth cells, and induced crypt-like morphology changes. The transition from a collagen culture to a laminin culture resembled gut development in vivo. The dramatic ECM remodelling was accompanied by a local expression of the laminin receptor ITGA6 in the crypt-forming epithelium. Importantly, deletion of laminin in the adult mouse resulted in a marked reduction of adult intestinal stem cells. Overall, our data support the hypothesis that the formation of intestinal crypts is induced by an increased laminin concentration in the ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Ramadan
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Valérie M. Wouters
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne M. van Neerven
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nina E. de Groot
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tania Martins Garcia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Intestinal and Liver Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam, 1015 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vanessa Muncan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Intestinal and Liver Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam, 1015 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olivia D. Franklin
- The Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Michelle Battle
- The Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Karen Sue Carlson
- The Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- The Blood Research Institute of Wisconsin, part of Versiti, and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Internal Medicine, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Joshua Leach
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Owen J. Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Olivier Boulard
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 8204 – Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), Université de Lille, 59019 Lille, France
| | - Mathias Chamaillard
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 8204 – Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), Université de Lille, 59019 Lille, France
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David J. Huels
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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43
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Cosovanu C, Resch P, Jordan S, Lehmann A, Ralser M, Farztdinov V, Spranger J, Mülleder M, Brachs S, Neumann C. Intestinal epithelial c-Maf expression determines enterocyte differentiation and nutrient uptake in mice. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213479. [PMID: 36121416 PMCID: PMC9486084 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary function of the small intestine (SI) is to absorb nutrients to maintain whole-body energy homeostasis. Enterocytes are the major epithelial cell type facilitating nutrient sensing and uptake. However, the molecular regulators governing enterocytes have remained undefined. Here, we identify c-Maf as an enterocyte-specific transcription factor within the SI epithelium. c-Maf expression was determined by opposing Noggin/BMP signals and overlapped with the zonated enrichment of nutrient transporters in the mid-villus region. Functionally, enterocytes required c-Maf to appropriately differentiate along the villus axis. Specifically, gene programs controlling carbohydrate and protein absorption were c-Maf-dependent. Consequently, epithelial cell-specific c-Maf deletion resulted in impaired enterocyte maturation and nutrient uptake, including defects in the adaptation to different nutrient availability. Concomitantly, intraepithelial lymphocytes were less abundant, while commensal epithelial cell-attaching SFB overgrew in a c-Maf-deficient environment, highlighting the close interdependence between the intestinal epithelium, immune system, and microbiota. Collectively, our data identified c-Maf as a key regulator of SI enterocyte differentiation and function, essential for nutrient, immune, and microbial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Cosovanu
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Resch
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Jordan
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Lehmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Ralser
- Department of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,The Francis Crick Institute, Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, London, UK
| | - Vadim Farztdinov
- Core Facility - High-Throughput Mass Spectrometry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Spranger
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Mülleder
- Core Facility - High-Throughput Mass Spectrometry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brachs
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Neumann
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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44
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Corominas-Murtra B, Hannezo E. Modelling the dynamics of mammalian gut homeostasis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022:S1084-9521(22)00317-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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45
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Bara AM, Chen L, Ma C, Underwood J, Moreci RS, Sumigray K, Sun T, Diao Y, Verzi M, Lechler T. Maf family transcription factors are required for nutrient uptake in the mouse neonatal gut. Development 2022; 149:285915. [PMID: 36504079 PMCID: PMC10112929 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There are fundamental differences in how neonatal and adult intestines absorb nutrients. In adults, macromolecules are broken down into simpler molecular components in the lumen of the small intestine, then absorbed. In contrast, neonates are thought to rely on internalization of whole macromolecules and subsequent degradation in the lysosome. Here, we identify the Maf family transcription factors MAFB and c-MAF as markers of terminally differentiated intestinal enterocytes throughout life. The expression of these factors is regulated by HNF4α and HNF4γ, master regulators of enterocyte cell fate. Loss of Maf factors results in a neonatal-specific failure to thrive and loss of macromolecular nutrient uptake. RNA-Seq and CUT&RUN analyses defined an endo-lysosomal program as being downstream of these transcription factors. We demonstrate major transcriptional changes in metabolic pathways, including fatty acid oxidation and increases in peroxisome number, in response to loss of Maf proteins. Finally, we show that loss of BLIMP1, a repressor of adult enterocyte genes, shows highly overlapping changes in gene expression and similar defects in macromolecular uptake. This work defines transcriptional regulators that are necessary for nutrient uptake in neonatal enterocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Bara
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Celina Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Julie Underwood
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rebecca S Moreci
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kaelyn Sumigray
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Tongyu Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yarui Diao
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Michael Verzi
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Terry Lechler
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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46
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Gustafsson JK, Johansson MEV. The role of goblet cells and mucus in intestinal homeostasis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:785-803. [PMID: 36097076 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00675-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal tract faces numerous challenges that require several layers of defence. The tight epithelium forms a physical barrier that is further protected by a mucus layer, which provides various site-specific protective functions. Mucus is produced by goblet cells, and as a result of single-cell RNA sequencing identifying novel goblet cell subpopulations, our understanding of their various contributions to intestinal homeostasis has improved. Goblet cells not only produce mucus but also are intimately linked to the immune system. Mucus and goblet cell development is tightly regulated during early life and synchronized with microbial colonization. Dysregulation of the developing mucus systems and goblet cells has been associated with infectious and inflammatory conditions and predisposition to chronic disease later in life. Dysfunctional mucus and altered goblet cell profiles are associated with inflammatory conditions in which some mucus system impairments precede inflammation, indicating a role in pathogenesis. In this Review, we present an overview of the current understanding of the role of goblet cells and the mucus layer in maintaining intestinal health during steady-state and how alterations to these systems contribute to inflammatory and infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny K Gustafsson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin E V Johansson
- Department of Medical Biochemisty and Cell biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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47
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Pačes J, Knížková K, Tušková L, Grobárová V, Zadražil Z, Boes M, Černý J. MHC II - EGFP knock-in mouse model is a suitable tool for systems and quantitative immunology. Immunol Lett 2022; 251-252:75-85. [PMID: 36332824 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Immunology is a rapidly evolving field of research with sophisticated models and methods. However, detailed data on total immune cell counts and population distributions remain surprisingly scarce. Nevertheless, recently established quantitative approaches could help us understand the overall complexity of the immune system. Here, we studied a major histocompatibility complexclass II - enhanced green fluorescent protein knock-in mouse model to precisely identify and manipulate lymphoid structures. By combining flow cytometry with light sheet microscopy, we quantified MHC II+ populations of the small intestine and associated individual mesenteric lymph nodes, with 36.7 × 106 cells in lamina propria, 3.0 × 105 cells in scattered lymphoid tissue and 1.1 × 106 cells in Peyer's patches. In addition to these whole-organ cell counts, we assessed approximately 1 × 106 total villi in the small intestine and 450 scattered lymphoid tissue follicles. By direct noninvasive microscopic observation of a naturally fully translucent mouse organ, the cornea, we quantified 12 ± 4 and 35 ± 7 cells/mm2 Langerhans- and macrophage-like populations, respectively. Ultimately, our findings show that flow cytometry with quantitative imaging data analysis enables us to avoid methodological discrepancies while gaining new insights into the relevance of organ-specific quantitative approaches for immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pačes
- Laboratory of Cell Immunology, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Knížková
- Laboratory of Cell Immunology, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Liliana Tušková
- Laboratory of Cell Immunology, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Valéria Grobárová
- Laboratory of Cell Immunology, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Zadražil
- Laboratory of Cell Immunology, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marianne Boes
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Černý
- Laboratory of Cell Immunology, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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48
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Wang Y, Stonehouse-Smith D, Cobourne MT, Green JBA, Seppala M. Cellular mechanisms of reverse epithelial curvature in tissue morphogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1066399. [PMID: 36518538 PMCID: PMC9742543 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1066399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial bending plays an essential role during the multiple stages of organogenesis and can be classified into two types: invagination and evagination. The early stages of invaginating and evaginating organs are often depicted as simple concave and convex curves respectively, but in fact majority of the epithelial organs develop through a more complex pattern of curvature: concave flanked by convex and vice versa respectively. At the cellular level, this is far from a geometrical truism: locally cells must passively adapt to, or actively create such an epithelial structure that is typically composed of opposite and connected folds that form at least one s-shaped curve that we here, based on its appearance, term as "reverse curves." In recent years, invagination and evagination have been studied in increasing cellular detail. A diversity of mechanisms, including apical/basal constriction, vertical telescoping and extrinsic factors, all orchestrate epithelial bending to give different organs their final shape. However, how cells behave collectively to generate reverse curves remains less well-known. Here we review experimental models that characteristically form reverse curves during organogenesis. These include the circumvallate papillae in the tongue, crypt-villus structure in the intestine, and early tooth germ and describe how, in each case, reverse curves form to connect an invaginated or evaginated placode or opposite epithelial folds. Furthermore, by referring to the multicellular system that occur in the invagination and evagination, we attempt to provide a summary of mechanisms thought to be involved in reverse curvature consisting of apical/basal constriction, and extrinsic factors. Finally, we describe the emerging techniques in the current investigations, such as organoid culture, computational modelling and live imaging technologies that have been utilized to improve our understanding of the cellular mechanisms in early tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Wang
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Stonehouse-Smith
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martyn T. Cobourne
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy B. A. Green
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maisa Seppala
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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49
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Meng F, Shen C, Yang L, Ni C, Huang J, Lin K, Cao Z, Xu S, Cui W, Wang X, Zhou B, Xiong C, Wang J, Zhao B. Mechanical stretching boosts expansion and regeneration of intestinal organoids through fueling stem cell self-renewal. CELL REGENERATION 2022; 11:39. [DOI: 10.1186/s13619-022-00137-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIntestinal organoids, derived from intestinal stem cell self-organization, recapitulate the tissue structures and behaviors of the intestinal epithelium, which hold great potential for the study of developmental biology, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine. The intestinal epithelium is exposed to dynamic mechanical forces which exert profound effects on gut development. However, the conventional intestinal organoid culture system neglects the key role of mechanical microenvironments but relies solely on biological factors. Here, we show that adding cyclic stretch to intestinal organoid cultures remarkably up-regulates the signature gene expression and proliferation of intestinal stem cells. Furthermore, mechanical stretching stimulates the expansion of SOX9+ progenitors by activating the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling. These data demonstrate that the incorporation of mechanical stretch boosts the stemness of intestinal stem cells, thus benefiting organoid growth. Our findings have provided a way to optimize an organoid generation system through understanding cross-talk between biological and mechanical factors, paving the way for the application of mechanical forces in organoid-based models.
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50
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Park SE, Kang S, Paek J, Georgescu A, Chang J, Yi AY, Wilkins BJ, Karakasheva TA, Hamilton KE, Huh DD. Geometric engineering of organoid culture for enhanced organogenesis in a dish. Nat Methods 2022; 19:1449-1460. [PMID: 36280722 PMCID: PMC10027401 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01643-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Here, we introduce a facile, scalable engineering approach to enable long-term development and maturation of organoids. We have redesigned the configuration of conventional organoid culture to develop a platform that converts single injections of stem cell suspensions to radial arrays of organoids that can be maintained for extended periods without the need for passaging. Using this system, we demonstrate accelerated production of intestinal organoids with significantly enhanced structural and functional maturity, and their continuous development for over 4 weeks. Furthermore, we present a patient-derived organoid model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and its interrogation using single-cell RNA sequencing to demonstrate its ability to reproduce key pathological features of IBD. Finally, we describe the extension of our approach to engineer vascularized, perfusable human enteroids, which can be used to model innate immune responses in IBD. This work provides an immediately deployable platform technology toward engineering more realistic organ-like structures in a dish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghee Estelle Park
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shawn Kang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jungwook Paek
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrei Georgescu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Vivodyne, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeehan Chang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alex Yoon Yi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin J Wilkins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tatiana A Karakasheva
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathryn E Hamilton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dan Dongeun Huh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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