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Neuhauser C, Schwarzinger B, Schwarzinger C, Feichtinger M, Stadlbauer V, Arnaut V, Drotarova I, Blank-Landeshammer B, Weghuber J. Insulin-Mimetic Activity of Herbal Extracts Identified with Large-Scale Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy. Nutrients 2024; 16:2182. [PMID: 39064624 PMCID: PMC11280383 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a spreading global pandemic. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the predominant form of diabetes, in which a reduction in blood glucose uptake is caused by impaired glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation to the plasma membrane in adipose and muscle cells. Antihyperglycemic drugs play a pivotal role in ameliorating diabetes symptoms but often are associated with side effects. Hence, novel antidiabetic compounds and nutraceutical candidates are urgently needed. Phytogenic therapy can support the prevention and amelioration of impaired glucose homeostasis. Using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM), 772 plant extracts of an open-access plant extract library were screened for their GLUT4 translocation activation potential, resulting in 9% positive hits. Based on commercial interest and TIRFM assay-based GLUT4 translocation activation, some of these extracts were selected, and their blood glucose-reducing effects in ovo were investigated using a modified hen's egg test (Gluc-HET). To identify the active plant part, some of the available candidate plants were prepared in-house from blossoms, leaves, stems, or roots and tested. Acacia catechu (catechu), Pulmonaria officinalis (lungwort), Mentha spicata (spearmint), and Saponaria officinalis (common soapwort) revealed their potentials as antidiabetic nutraceuticals, with common soapwort containing GLUT4 translocation-activating saponarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrina Neuhauser
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, 4600 Wels, Austria; (C.N.); (B.S.); (M.F.); (V.S.); (V.A.); (I.D.)
- FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1D, 3430 Tulln, Austria;
| | - Bettina Schwarzinger
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, 4600 Wels, Austria; (C.N.); (B.S.); (M.F.); (V.S.); (V.A.); (I.D.)
- FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1D, 3430 Tulln, Austria;
| | - Clemens Schwarzinger
- Institute for Chemical Technology of Organic Materials, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria;
| | - Michaela Feichtinger
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, 4600 Wels, Austria; (C.N.); (B.S.); (M.F.); (V.S.); (V.A.); (I.D.)
| | - Verena Stadlbauer
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, 4600 Wels, Austria; (C.N.); (B.S.); (M.F.); (V.S.); (V.A.); (I.D.)
- FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1D, 3430 Tulln, Austria;
| | - Verena Arnaut
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, 4600 Wels, Austria; (C.N.); (B.S.); (M.F.); (V.S.); (V.A.); (I.D.)
| | - Ivana Drotarova
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, 4600 Wels, Austria; (C.N.); (B.S.); (M.F.); (V.S.); (V.A.); (I.D.)
| | - Bernhard Blank-Landeshammer
- FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1D, 3430 Tulln, Austria;
| | - Julian Weghuber
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, 4600 Wels, Austria; (C.N.); (B.S.); (M.F.); (V.S.); (V.A.); (I.D.)
- FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1D, 3430 Tulln, Austria;
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Long J, Xu Y, Zhang X, Wu B, Wang C. Role of FXR in the development of NAFLD and intervention strategies of small molecules. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 757:110024. [PMID: 38703803 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains a prevailing etiological agent behind hepatocyte diseases like chronic liver disease. The spectrum of processes involved in NAFLD stages includes hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Without intervention, the progression of NASH can further deteriorate into cirrhosis and ultimately, hepatocellular carcinoma. The cardinal features that characterize NAFLD are insulin resistance, lipogenesis, oxidative stress and inflammation, extracellular matrix deposition and fibrosis. Due to its complex pathogenesis, existing pharmaceutical agents fail to take a curative or ameliorative effect on NAFLD. Consequently, it is imperative to identify novel therapeutic targets and strategies for NAFLD, ideally to improve the aforementioned key features in patients. As an enterohepatic regulator of bile acid homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and inflammation, FarnesoidX receptor (FXR) is an important pharmacological target for the treatment of NAFLD. Manipulating FXR to regulate lipid metabolic signaling pathways is a potential mechanism to mitigate NAFLD. Therefore, elucidating the modulatory character of FXR in regulating lipid metabolism in NAFLD has the potential to yield groundbreaking perspectives for drug design. This review details recent advances in the regulation of lipid depletion in hepatocytes and investigates the pivotal function of FXR in the progress of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachan Long
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuanhang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xuerong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bingxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Caiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Bauer I, Rimbach G, Cordeiro S, Bosy-Westphal A, Weghuber J, Ipharraguerre IR, Lüersen K. A comprehensive in-vitro/ in-vivo screening toolbox for the elucidation of glucose homeostasis modulating properties of plant extracts (from roots) and its bioactives. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1396292. [PMID: 38989154 PMCID: PMC11233739 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1396292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant extracts are increasingly recognized for their potential in modulating (postprandial) blood glucose levels. In this context, root extracts are of particular interest due to their high concentrations and often unique spectrum of plant bioactives. To identify new plant species with potential glucose-lowering activity, simple and robust methodologies are often required. For this narrative review, literature was sourced from scientific databases (primarily PubMed) in the period from June 2022 to January 2024. The regulatory targets of glucose homeostasis that could be modulated by bioactive plant compounds were used as search terms, either alone or in combination with the keyword "root extract". As a result, we present a comprehensive methodological toolbox for studying the glucose homeostasis modulating properties of plant extracts and its constituents. The described assays encompass in-vitro investigations involving enzyme inhibition (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, dipeptidyl peptidase 4), assessment of sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 activity, and evaluation of glucose transporter 4 translocation. Furthermore, we describe a patch-clamp technique to assess the impact of extracts on KATP channels. While validating in-vitro findings in living organisms is imperative, we introduce two screenable in-vivo models (the hen's egg test and Drosophila melanogaster). Given that evaluation of the bioactivity of plant extracts in rodents and humans represents the current gold standard, we include approaches addressing this aspect. In summary, this review offers a systematic guide for screening plant extracts regarding their influence on key regulatory elements of glucose homeostasis, culminating in the assessment of their potential efficacy in-vivo. Moreover, application of the presented toolbox might contribute to further close the knowledge gap on the precise mechanisms of action of plant-derived compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Bauer
- Division of Food Sciences, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Division of Food Sciences, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sönke Cordeiro
- Institute of Physiology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Division of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Julian Weghuber
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria
- FFoQSI—Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety & Innovation, Tulln, Austria
| | - Ignacio R. Ipharraguerre
- Division of Food Sciences, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kai Lüersen
- Division of Food Sciences, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Liu G, Ji Y. Electrochemiluminescent evaluation of GLUT4 expression in rat adipocytes induced by Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132106. [PMID: 38734335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) directly facilitates cellular uptake of glucose and plays a crucial role in mammalian adipose tissue glucose metabolism. In this work, we constructed a cytosensor for sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection of GLUT4 in rat adipocytes (RA cells). A carbon nanotube sponge (CNTSP) was selected to fabricate a permeable electrode to overcome the steric hindrance of cells on the electrode. The expression of GLUT4 after treatment with Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) was assessed by analyzing the luminescence emitted from cell-surface ECL probes. Our preliminary results suggest that GLP promote the expression of GLUT4, thereby enhancing the uptake of the fluorescent glucose 2-NBDG. Treatment with GLP affected GLUT4 expression in RA cells in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the ECL cytosensor contributes to the development of ECL imaging of receptors on the cell surface for clinical drug evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, PR China.
| | - Yahui Ji
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, PR China
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Zhang Y, Wang J, Yang L, Yan X, Qin C, Nie G. Spexin acts as a novel glucose-lowering factor in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 708:149810. [PMID: 38531222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
At present, the physiological roles of various hormones in fish glucose metabolism have been elucidated. Spexin, a 14-amino acids polypeptide, is highly conserved in many species and has functions such as reducing body weight and improving insulin resistance. In this paper, the open reading frame (ORF) of spx21 in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) was cloned, and the tissue distribution of spx1 and spx2, their direct and indirect regulatory effects on glucose metabolism of grass carp were investigated. The ORF of spx2 gene in grass carp was 279 bp in length. Moreover, spx1 was highly expressed in the adipose tissue, while spx2 was highly expressed in the brain. In vitro, SPX1 and SPX2 showed opposite effects on the glycolytic pathway in the primary hepatocytes. In vivo, intraperitoneal injection of SPX1 and SPX2 significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased hepatopancreas glycogen contents. Meanwhile, SPX1 and SPX2 promoted the expression of key genes of glycolysis (pk) and glycogen synthesis (gys) in the hepatopancreas at 3 h post injection. As for indirect effects, 1000 nM SPX1 and SPX2 significantly increased insulin-mediated liver type phosphofructokinase (pfkla) mRNA expression and enhanced the inhibitory effects of insulin on glucose-6-phosphatase (g6pase), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck), glycogen phosphorylase L (pygl) mRNA expression. Our results show that SPX1 and SPX2 have similar indirect effects on the regulation of glucose metabolism that enhance insulin activity, but they exhibit opposite roles in terms of direct effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Junli Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Liping Yang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Xiao Yan
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Chaobin Qin
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Guoxing Nie
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
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Liao M, Yao D, Wu L, Luo C, Wang Z, Zhang J, Liu B. Targeting the Warburg effect: A revisited perspective from molecular mechanisms to traditional and innovative therapeutic strategies in cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:953-1008. [PMID: 38487001 PMCID: PMC10935242 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer reprogramming is an important facilitator of cancer development and survival, with tumor cells exhibiting a preference for aerobic glycolysis beyond oxidative phosphorylation, even under sufficient oxygen supply condition. This metabolic alteration, known as the Warburg effect, serves as a significant indicator of malignant tumor transformation. The Warburg effect primarily impacts cancer occurrence by influencing the aerobic glycolysis pathway in cancer cells. Key enzymes involved in this process include glucose transporters (GLUTs), HKs, PFKs, LDHs, and PKM2. Moreover, the expression of transcriptional regulatory factors and proteins, such as FOXM1, p53, NF-κB, HIF1α, and c-Myc, can also influence cancer progression. Furthermore, lncRNAs, miRNAs, and circular RNAs play a vital role in directly regulating the Warburg effect. Additionally, gene mutations, tumor microenvironment remodeling, and immune system interactions are closely associated with the Warburg effect. Notably, the development of drugs targeting the Warburg effect has exhibited promising potential in tumor treatment. This comprehensive review presents novel directions and approaches for the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients by conducting in-depth research and summarizing the bright prospects of targeting the Warburg effect in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minru Liao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dahong Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Lifeng Wu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chaodan Luo
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Liu Z, Wang M, Meng L, Chen Y, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Xi X, Kang W. Lignans from Patrinia scabiosaefolia improve insulin resistance by activating PI-3K/AKT pathway and promoting GLUT4 expression. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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Boonmuen N, Suksen K, Kaewkittikhun M, Ruknarong L, Silalai P, Saeeng R, Chairoungdua A, Soodvilai S, Tantikanlayaporn D. Genipin Analogue (G300) Inhibits Adipogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells through the Suppression of Adipogenic Promoting Factors. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1335-1344. [PMID: 37137165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
While obesity is a well-known health threatening condition worldwide, effective pharmacological interventions for obesity suppression have been limited due to adverse effects. Therefore, it is important to explore alternative medical treatments for combating obesity. Inhibition of the adipogenesis process and lipid accumulation are critical targets for controlling and treating obesity. Gardenia jasminoides Ellis is a traditional herbal remedy for various ailments. A natural product from its fruit, genipin, has major pharmacological properties; it is anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic. We investigated the effects of a genipin analogue, G300, on adipogenic differentiation in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). G300 suppressed the expression of adipogenic marker genes and adipokines secreted by adipocytes at concentrations of 10 and 20 μM, which effectively reduced the adipogenic differentiation of hBM-MSCs and lipid accumulation in adipocytes. It also improved adipocyte function by lowering inflammatory cytokine secretion and increasing glucose uptake. For the first time, we show that G300 has the potential to be a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of obesity and its related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nittaya Boonmuen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery (ECDD), Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, OPS, MHESI, Thailand, https://eht.sc.mahidol.ac.th/
| | - Kanoknetr Suksen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Mintra Kaewkittikhun
- Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Laongthip Ruknarong
- Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Patamawadee Silalai
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Research Unit in Synthetic Compounds and Synthetic Analogues from Natural Product for Drug Discovery (RSND), Burapha University, Longhaad Bangsaen Rd., Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Rungnapha Saeeng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Research Unit in Synthetic Compounds and Synthetic Analogues from Natural Product for Drug Discovery (RSND), Burapha University, Longhaad Bangsaen Rd., Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Arthit Chairoungdua
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery (ECDD), Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, OPS, MHESI, Thailand, https://eht.sc.mahidol.ac.th/
| | - Sunhapas Soodvilai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery (ECDD), Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Duangrat Tantikanlayaporn
- Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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Gusev E, Sarapultsev A. Atherosclerosis and Inflammation: Insights from the Theory of General Pathological Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097910. [PMID: 37175617 PMCID: PMC10178362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances have greatly improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind atherosclerosis pathogenesis. However, there is still a need to systematize this data from a general pathology perspective, particularly with regard to atherogenesis patterns in the context of both canonical and non-classical inflammation types. In this review, we analyze various typical phenomena and outcomes of cellular pro-inflammatory stress in atherosclerosis, as well as the role of endothelial dysfunction in local and systemic manifestations of low-grade inflammation. We also present the features of immune mechanisms in the development of productive inflammation in stable and unstable plaques, along with their similarities and differences compared to canonical inflammation. There are numerous factors that act as inducers of the inflammatory process in atherosclerosis, including vascular endothelium aging, metabolic dysfunctions, autoimmune, and in some cases, infectious damage factors. Life-critical complications of atherosclerosis, such as cardiogenic shock and severe strokes, are associated with the development of acute systemic hyperinflammation. Additionally, critical atherosclerotic ischemia of the lower extremities induces paracoagulation and the development of chronic systemic inflammation. Conversely, sepsis, other critical conditions, and severe systemic chronic diseases contribute to atherogenesis. In summary, atherosclerosis can be characterized as an independent form of inflammation, sharing similarities but also having fundamental differences from low-grade inflammation and various variants of canonical inflammation (classic vasculitis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Gusev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Alexey Sarapultsev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
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Li Z, Zeng M, Geng K, Lai D, Xu Z, Zhou W. Chemical Constituents and Hypoglycemic Mechanisms of Dendrobium nobile in Treatment of Type 2 Diabetic Rats by UPLC-ESI-Q-Orbitrap, Network Pharmacology and In Vivo Experimental Verification. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062683. [PMID: 36985655 PMCID: PMC10057382 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to systematically explore the chemical constituents of D. nobile and its hypoglycemic effect by UPLC-ESI-Q-Orbitrap, network pharmacology and in vivo experiment. The chemical constituents of D. nobile were qualitatively analyzed, and the hypoglycemic compounds were quickly identified. Network pharmacological analysis and molecular docking technique were applied to assist in the elucidation of the hypoglycemic mechanisms of D. nobile. A type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) rat model was established using the HFD and STZ method for in vivo experimental verification, and these T2DM rats were treated with D. nobile extract and D. nobile polysaccharide for two months by gavage. The results showed that a total of 39 chemical constituents of D. nobile, including alkaloids, bibenzyls, phenanthrenes and other types of compounds, were identified. D. nobile extract and D. nobile polysaccharide could significantly ameliorate the body weight, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and morphological impairment of the liver and pancreas in the T2DM rats. α-Linolenic acid, dihydroconiferyl dihydro-p-coumarate, naringenin, trans-N-feruloyltyramine, gigantol, moscatilin, 4-O-methylpinosylvic acid, venlafaxine, nordendrobin and tristin were regarded as the key hypoglycemic compounds of D. nobile, along with the hypoglycemic effect on the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, the insulin signaling pathway, the FOXO signaling pathway, the improvement of insulin resistance and the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. The Western blotting experiment results confirmed that D. nobile activated the PI3K/AKT pathway and insulin signaling pathway, promoted glycogen synthesis via regulating the expression of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), and inhibited liver gluconeogenesis by regulating the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose 6 phosphatase (G6pase) in the liver. The results suggested that the hypoglycemic mechanism of D. nobile might be associated with liver glycogen synthesis and gluconeogenesis, contributing to improving insulin resistance and abnormal glucose metabolism in the T2DM rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Meiling Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Keyong Geng
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Donna Lai
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Correspondence: (D.L.); (Z.X.); (W.Z.)
| | - Zhi Xu
- Guizhou Miaoaitang Health Management Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: (D.L.); (Z.X.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: (D.L.); (Z.X.); (W.Z.)
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Li S, Wang Z, Chen M, Xiao Y, Min J, Hu M, Tang J, Hong L. ArfGAP3 regulates vesicle transport and glucose uptake in myoblasts. Cell Signal 2023; 103:110551. [PMID: 36476390 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle injuries are common, and damaged myofibers are repaired through proliferation and differentiation of muscle satellite cells. GLUT4 is enriched in GLUT4 storage vesicles (GSVs) and plays a crucial role in the maintenance of muscle function. ArfGAP3 regulates the vesicle transport especially for COPI coat assembly, but its effects on GSVs and the repair process after skeletal muscle injury remains unclear. In this study, datasets related to skeletal muscle injury and myoblast differentiation GSE469, GSE5413, GSE45577 and GSE108040 were retrieved through the GEO database and the expression of heptameric coat protein complex I (COPI) and Golgi vesicle transport-related genes in various datasets, as well as the expression correlation between ArfGAP2, ArfGAP3 and COPI-related genes COPA, COPB1, COPB2, COPE, COPZ1, COPZ2 were analyzed. The results suggested that ArfGAP3 was expressed in the process of repair after skeletal muscle injury and myoblast differentiation and that ArfGAP3 was positively correlated with COPI-related genes. In vitro experimental results showed that ArfGAP3 was colocalized with COPA, COPB, COPG protein, and GLUT4 in C2C12 myoblasts. After the downregulation of ArfGAP3 expression, intracellular vesicle transport, and glucose uptake were blocked, the proliferation of myoblasts under low glucose culture conditions was impaired, the proportion of apoptosis increased, and myotube differentiation was impaired. In summary, ArfGAP3 regulates COPI-associated vesicle and GSVs transport and affects the proliferation and differentiation ability of myoblasts by influencing glucose uptake, thereby modulating the repair process after skeletal muscle injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suting Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mao Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Xiao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Min
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianming Tang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Hong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Al-Emarah MK, Kazerani HR, Taghizad F, Dehghani H, Elahi M. Anti-obesity effect of the bacterial product nisin in an NIH Swiss mouse model. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:23. [PMID: 36765351 PMCID: PMC9912503 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01788-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a life-threatening metabolic disorder that predisposes individuals to other diseases. In this study, the effect of nisin, a bacteriocin produced by some bacteria, on an animal model of obesity based on selected parameters was investigated. Forty Swiss NIH mice were randomly divided into four groups and received either a placebo (saline) or nisin (25, 50, or 100 μg/kg, ip) daily for 8 weeks. The mice in all groups were fed a high-sugar diet throughout the experiment. Bodyweight and food intake were measured weekly, and at the end of the experiment, the levels of FBS, serum triglyceride, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and hepatic enzymes were tested, and red and white blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were determined. Finally, the expression levels of some obesity-related genes, including stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4), zinc finger protein 423 (zfp423), 422 (ap2), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), were assessed using reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). After the experiment, the body weights, abdominal fat, and body mass index were significantly lower in the nisin-treated groups than in the control group. The highest effect was observed with 50 μg/kg nisin. The expression of SCD-1, GLUT4, 422(ap2), and TNF-α decreased significantly following treatment with nisin. No significant differences were observed in the other studied parameters, and no toxic effects were observed for nisin under these experimental conditions. The results suggested that nisin could have antiobesity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. K. Al-Emarah
- grid.411301.60000 0001 0666 1211Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran ,Faculty of Agriculture and Marshlands, University of Thi-qar, Thi-qar, Iraq
| | - H. R. Kazerani
- grid.411301.60000 0001 0666 1211Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - F. Taghizad
- grid.411301.60000 0001 0666 1211Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - H. Dehghani
- grid.411301.60000 0001 0666 1211Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran ,grid.411301.60000 0001 0666 1211Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - M. Elahi
- grid.411301.60000 0001 0666 1211Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Kim NY, Lim CM, Park HM, Kim J, Pham TH, Yang Y, Lee HP, Hong JT, Yoon DY. MMPP promotes adipogenesis and glucose uptake via binding to the PPARγ ligand binding domain in 3T3-L1 MBX cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:994584. [PMID: 36339572 PMCID: PMC9634037 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.994584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) is a transcription factor involved in adipogenesis, and its transcriptional activity depends on its ligands. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), well-known PPARγ agonists, are drugs that improve insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. However, TZDs are associated with severe adverse effects. As current therapies are not well designed, novel PPARγ agonists have been investigated in adipocytes. (E)-2-methoxy-4-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl) prop-1-en-1-yl) phenol (MMPP) is known to have anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. In this study, we demonstrated the adipogenic effects of MMPP on the regulation of PPARγ transcriptional activity during adipocyte differentiation in vitro. MMPP treatment increased PPARγ transcriptional activity, and molecular docking studies revealed that MMPP binds directly to the PPARγ ligand binding domain. MMPP and rosiglitazone showed similar binding affinities to the PPARγ. MMPP significantly promoted lipid accumulation in adipocyte cells and increased the expression of C/EBPβ and the levels of p-AKT, p-GSK3, and p-AMPKα at an early stage. MMPP enhanced the expression of adipogenic markers such as PPARγ, C/EBPα, FAS, ACC, GLUT4, FABP4 and adiponectin in the late stage. MMPP also improved insulin sensitivity by increasing glucose uptake. Thus, MMPP, as a PPARγ agonist, may be a potential drug for type 2 diabetes and metabolic disorders, which may help increase adipogenesis and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Yeon Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chae-Min Lim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Min Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinju Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Thu-Huyen Pham
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Yang
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Pom Lee
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Oost LJ, Kurstjens S, Ma C, Hoenderop JGJ, Tack CJ, de Baaij JHF. Magnesium increases insulin-dependent glucose uptake in adipocytes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:986616. [PMID: 36093068 PMCID: PMC9453642 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.986616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by a decreased insulin sensitivity. Magnesium (Mg2+) deficiency is common in people with T2D. However, the molecular consequences of low Mg2+ levels on insulin sensitivity and glucose handling have not been determined in adipocytes. The aim of this study is to determine the role of Mg2+ in the insulin-dependent glucose uptake. Methods First, the association of low plasma Mg2+ with markers of insulin resistance was assessed in a cohort of 395 people with T2D. Secondly, the molecular role of Mg2+ in insulin-dependent glucose uptake was studied by incubating 3T3-L1 adipocytes with 0 or 1 mmol/L Mg2+ for 24 hours followed by insulin stimulation. Radioactive-glucose labelling, enzymatic assays, immunocytochemistry and live microscopy imaging were used to analyze the insulin receptor phosphoinositide 3-kinases/Akt pathway. Energy metabolism was assessed by the Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analyzer. Results In people with T2D, plasma Mg2+ concentration was inversely associated with markers of insulin resistance; i.e., the lower Mg2+, the more insulin resistant. In Mg2+-deficient adipocytes, insulin-dependent glucose uptake was decreased by approximately 50% compared to control Mg2+condition. Insulin receptor phosphorylation Tyr1150/1151 and PIP3 mass were not decreased in Mg2+-deficient adipocytes. Live imaging microscopy of adipocytes transduced with an Akt sensor (FoxO1-Clover) demonstrated that FoxO1 translocation from the nucleus to the cytosol was reduced, indicting less Akt activation in Mg2+-deficient adipocytes. Immunocytochemistry using a Lectin membrane marker and at the membrane located Myc epitope-tagged glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) demonstrated that GLUT4 translocation was diminished in insulin-stimulated Mg2+-deficient adipocytes compared to control conditions. Energy metabolism in Mg2+ deficient adipocytes was characterized by decreased glycolysis, upon insulin stimulation. Conclusions Mg2+ increases insulin-dependent glucose uptake in adipocytes and suggests that Mg2+ deficiency may contribute to insulin resistance in people with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynette J. Oost
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Steef Kurstjens
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Beijing Tongren Hospital Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Joost G. J. Hoenderop
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Cees J. Tack
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen H. F. de Baaij
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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15
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AMPKα2/HNF4A/BORIS/GLUT4 pathway promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell invasion and metastasis in low glucose microenviroment. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 203:115198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Thomalla M, Schmid A, Hehner J, Koehler S, Neumann E, Müller-Ladner U, Schäffler A, Karrasch T. Toll-like Receptor 7 (TLR7) Is Expressed in Adipocytes and the Pharmacological TLR7 Agonist Imiquimod and Adipocyte-Derived Cell-Free Nucleic Acids (cfDNA) Regulate Adipocyte Function. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158475. [PMID: 35955609 PMCID: PMC9369246 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endosome-localized Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 3 and 9 are expressed and functionally active in adipocytes. The functionality and role of TLR7 in adipocyte biology and innate immunity of adipose tissue (AT) is poorly characterized. We analyzed TLR7 mRNA and protein expression in murine 3T3-L1 and primary adipocytes, in co-cultures of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with murine J774A.1 monocytes and in human AT. The effects of TLR7 agonists imiquimod (IMQ) and cell-free nucleic acids (cfDNA) on adipokine concentration in cell-culture supernatants and gene expression profile were investigated. We found that TLR7 expression is strongly induced during adipocyte differentiation. TLR7 gene expression in adipocytes and AT stroma-vascular cells (SVC) seems to be independent of TLR9. IMQ downregulates resistin concentration in adipocyte cell-culture supernatants and modulates gene expression of glucose transporter Glut4. Adipocyte-derived cfDNA reduces adiponectin and resistin in cell-culture supernatants and potentially inhibits Glut4 gene expression. The responsiveness of 3T3-L1 adipocytes to imiquimod is preserved in co-culture with J774A.1 monocytes. Obesity-related, adipocyte-derived cfDNA engages adipocytic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), modulating AT immune and metabolic homeostasis during adipose inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Thomalla
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35390 Gießen, Germany; (M.T.); (A.S.); (J.H.); (S.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Andreas Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35390 Gießen, Germany; (M.T.); (A.S.); (J.H.); (S.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Julia Hehner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35390 Gießen, Germany; (M.T.); (A.S.); (J.H.); (S.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Sebastian Koehler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35390 Gießen, Germany; (M.T.); (A.S.); (J.H.); (S.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Elena Neumann
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Campus Kerckhoff, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; (E.N.); (U.M.-L.)
| | - Ulf Müller-Ladner
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Campus Kerckhoff, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; (E.N.); (U.M.-L.)
| | - Andreas Schäffler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35390 Gießen, Germany; (M.T.); (A.S.); (J.H.); (S.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Thomas Karrasch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35390 Gießen, Germany; (M.T.); (A.S.); (J.H.); (S.K.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Pucci M, Mandrone M, Chiocchio I, Sweeney EM, Tirelli E, Uberti D, Memo M, Poli F, Mastinu A, Abate G. Different Seasonal Collections of Ficus carica L. Leaves Diversely Modulate Lipid Metabolism and Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142833. [PMID: 35889791 PMCID: PMC9323846 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the high prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes, adipogenesis dysfunction and metabolic disorders are common features in the elderly population. Thus, the identification of novel compounds with anti-adipogenic and lipolytic effects is highly desirable to reduce diabetes complications. Plants represent an important source of bioactive compounds. To date, the antidiabetic potential of several traditional plants has been reported, among which Ficus carica L. is one of the most promising. Considering that plant metabolome changes in response to a number of factors including seasonality, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether Ficus carica leaves extracts collected in autumn (FCa) and spring (FCs) differently modulate lipid metabolism and adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The 1H-NMR profile of the extracts showed that FCs have a higher content of caffeic acid derivatives, glucose, and sucrose than FCa. In contrast, FCa showed a higher concentration of malic acid and furanocoumarins, identified as psoralen and bergapten. In vitro testing showed that only FCa treatments were able to significantly decrease the lipid content (Ctrl vs. FCa 25 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL and 80 μg/mL; p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, FCa treatments were able to downregulate the transcriptional pathway of adipogenesis and insulin sensitivity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In more detail, FCa 80 μg/mL significantly decreased the gene expression of PPARγ (p < 0.05), C/EBPα (p < 0.05), Leptin (p < 0.0001), adiponectin (p < 0.05) and GLUT4 (p < 0.01). In conclusion, this study further supports an in-depth investigation of F. carica leaves extracts as a promising source of active compounds useful for targeting obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Pucci
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.P.); (E.M.S.); (E.T.); (D.U.); (M.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Manuela Mandrone
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (I.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Ilaria Chiocchio
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (I.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Eileen Mac Sweeney
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.P.); (E.M.S.); (E.T.); (D.U.); (M.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Emanuela Tirelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.P.); (E.M.S.); (E.T.); (D.U.); (M.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Daniela Uberti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.P.); (E.M.S.); (E.T.); (D.U.); (M.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Maurizio Memo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.P.); (E.M.S.); (E.T.); (D.U.); (M.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Ferruccio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (I.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Andrea Mastinu
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.P.); (E.M.S.); (E.T.); (D.U.); (M.M.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-030-371-7509
| | - Giulia Abate
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.P.); (E.M.S.); (E.T.); (D.U.); (M.M.); (G.A.)
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Yang FR, Zhu XX, Kong MW, Zou XJ, Ma QY, Li XJ, Chen JX. Xiaoyaosan Exerts Antidepressant-Like Effect by Regulating Autophagy Involves the Expression of GLUT4 in the Mice Hypothalamic Neurons. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:873646. [PMID: 35784760 PMCID: PMC9243304 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.873646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have proven that autophagy plays a pivotal role in the development of depression and it also affects the expression of GLUT4 in the hypothalamus. Xiaoyaosan has been shown to exert antidepressant effects in a variety of ways, but its underlying mechanism by which Xiaoyaosan regulates autophagy as well as GLUT4 in the hypothalamus remains unclear. Thus, in this study, we established a mouse model of depression induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), and set up autophagy blockade as a control to explore whether Xiaoyaosan exerts antidepressant effect by affecting autophagy. We examined the effects of Xiaoyaosan on behaviors exhibited during the open field test, tail suspension test and sucrose preference test, and the changes in autophagy in hypothalamic neurons as well as changes in GLUT4 and the related indicators of glucose metabolism in CUMS-induced depressive mouse model. We found that CUMS- and 3-MA-induced mice exhibited depressive-like behavioral changes, with decreased LC3 expression and increased p62 expression, suggesting decreased levels of autophagy in the mouse hypothalamus. The expression of GLUT4 was also decreased, and it was closely related to the level of autophagy through Rab8 and Rab10. Nevertheless, after the intervention of Xiaoyaosan, the above changes were effectively reversed. These results show that Xiaoyaosan can regulate the autophagy in hypothalamic neurons and the expression of GLUT4 in depressed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Rong Yang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic Diseases, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming-Wang Kong
- School of Basic Medical Science, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Zou
- School of Basic Medical Science, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing-Yu Ma
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Li
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Juan Li, ; Jia-Xu Chen,
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Juan Li, ; Jia-Xu Chen,
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Aiassa V, Del Rosario Ferreira M, Villafañe N, Eugenia D'Alessandro M. α-Linolenic acid rich-chia seed modulates visceral adipose tissue collagen deposition, lipolytic enzymes expression, insulin signaling and GLUT-4 levels in a diet-induced adiposity rodent model. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111164. [PMID: 35651030 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Given obesity and its associated metabolic disorders have reached epidemic proportions, the study of therapeutic strategies targeting white adipose tissue (WAT) are of main research interest. We previously shown that α-linolenic acid-rich chia seed was able to ameliorate a wide range of metabolic disorders including body fat accretion in sucrose-rich diet (SRD)-fed rats, an experimental model of visceral adiposity and insulin resistance. However, the mechanisms involved are not fully clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chia seed administration upon WAT remodeling and key enzymes that controls lipolysis, insulin signaling (tAKT, pAKT), and GLUT-4 levels in different visceral fat pad depots (epididymal -eWAT- and retroperitoneal -rWAT- adipose tissues) of SRD-fed rats. Results showed that chia seed reduces adipocytes hypertrophy, the increased lipid content and collagen deposition in both WAT. These changes were accompanied by a significant reduction of HSL and ATGL protein levels in eWAT and HSL protein levels in rWAT. Moreover, chia seed restored the altered expression pattern of the pAKT observed in SRD-fed rats, and modulated GLUT-4 levels. Chia seed could be a dietary intervention of great relevance with potential beneficial effects in the management of body fat excess and WAT function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Aiassa
- Laboratorio de Estudio de Enfermedades Metabólicas relacionadas con la Nutrición. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Del Rosario Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Estudio de Enfermedades Metabólicas relacionadas con la Nutrición. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Noelia Villafañe
- Departamento de Morfología. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia D'Alessandro
- Laboratorio de Estudio de Enfermedades Metabólicas relacionadas con la Nutrición. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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20
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Mechanism of glycometabolism regulation by bioactive compounds from the fruits of Lycium barbarum: A review. Food Res Int 2022; 159:111408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Shanak S, Bassalat N, Barghash A, Kadan S, Ardah M, Zaid H. Drug Discovery of Plausible Lead Natural Compounds That Target the Insulin Signaling Pathway: Bioinformatics Approaches. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:2832889. [PMID: 35356248 PMCID: PMC8958086 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2832889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The growing smooth talk in the field of natural compounds is due to the ancient and current interest in herbal medicine and their potentially positive effects on health. Dozens of antidiabetic natural compounds were reported and tested in vivo, in silico, and in vitro. The role of these natural compounds, their actions on the insulin signaling pathway, and the stimulation of the glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) insulin-responsive translocation to the plasma membrane (PM) are all crucial in the treatment of diabetes and insulin resistance. In this review, we collected and summarized a group of available in vivo and in vitro studies which targeted isolated phytochemicals with possible antidiabetic activity. Moreover, the in silico docking of natural compounds with some of the insulin signaling cascade key proteins is also summarized based on the current literature. In this review, hundreds of recent studies on pure natural compounds that alleviate type II diabetes mellitus (type II DM) were revised. We focused on natural compounds that could potentially regulate blood glucose and stimulate GLUT4 translocation through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. On attempt to point out potential new natural antidiabetic compounds, this review also focuses on natural ingredients that were shown to interact with proteins in the insulin signaling pathway in silico, regardless of their in vitro/in vivo antidiabetic activity. We invite interested researchers to test these compounds as potential novel type II DM drugs and explore their therapeutic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siba Shanak
- Faculty of Sciences, Arab American University, P.O Box 240, Jenin, State of Palestine
| | - Najlaa Bassalat
- Faculty of Sciences, Arab American University, P.O Box 240, Jenin, State of Palestine
- Faculty of Medicine, Arab American University, P.O Box 240, Jenin, State of Palestine
| | - Ahmad Barghash
- Computer Science Department, German Jordanian University, Madaba Street. P.O. Box 35247, Amman 11180, Jordan
| | - Sleman Kadan
- Qasemi Research Center, Al-Qasemi Academic College, P.O Box 124, Baqa El-Gharbia 30100, Israel
| | - Mahmoud Ardah
- Faculty of Sciences, Arab American University, P.O Box 240, Jenin, State of Palestine
| | - Hilal Zaid
- Faculty of Medicine, Arab American University, P.O Box 240, Jenin, State of Palestine
- Qasemi Research Center, Al-Qasemi Academic College, P.O Box 124, Baqa El-Gharbia 30100, Israel
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22
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Tao J, Yu XL, Yuan YJ, Shen X, Liu J, Gu PP, Wang Z, Ma YT, Li GQ. DMRT2 Interacts With FXR and Improves Insulin Resistance in Adipocytes and a Mouse Model. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 12:723623. [PMID: 35250844 PMCID: PMC8891600 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.723623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) plays a critical role in cardiovascular diseases and metabolic diseases. In this study, we identified the downregulation of DMRT2 in adipose tissues from insulin-resistant subjects through bioinformatics analysis and in an insulin-resistant mouse model through experimental analysis. DMRT2 overexpression significantly attenuated HDF-induced insulin resistance and inflammation in mice. Moreover, in control and insulin-resistant differentiated mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes, DMRT2 overexpression attenuated but DMRT2 knockdown enhanced the insulin resistance of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. DMRT2 interacted with FXR and positively regulated FXR level and transcription activity. In both control and insulin-resistant differentiated mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes, FXR knockdown enhanced the insulin resistance and attenuated the effects of DMRT2 overexpression upon 3T3-L1 adipocyte insulin resistance. In conclusion, we identify the downregulation of DMRT2 in the insulin-resistant mouse model and cell model. DMRT2 interacts with FXR and improves insulin resistance in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tao
- Department of Cardiology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Yu
- Department of Cardiology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Graduate School of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yu-Juan Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Graduate School of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Cardiology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Pei-Pei Gu
- Department of Cardiology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Yi-Tong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Guo-Qing Li
- Department of Cardiology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
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23
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Bio-Waste Products of Mangifera indica L. Reduce Adipogenesis and Exert Antioxidant Effects on 3T3-L1 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020363. [PMID: 35204243 PMCID: PMC8869144 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies highlighted the beneficial value of natural compounds in the prevention and treatment of obesity. Here, we investigated the anti-obesity effects of extracts of peel and seed of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivated in Sicily (Italy) in 3T3-L1 cells. Mango Peel (MPE) and Mango Seed (MSE) extracts at a 100 µg/mL concentration significantly reduced lipid accumulation and triacylglycerol contents during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation without toxicity. HPLC-ESI-MS analysis showed that both the extracts contain some polyphenolic compounds that can account for the observed biological effects. The anti-adipogenic effect of MPE and MSE was the result of down-regulation of the key adipogenic transcription factor PPARγ and its downstream targets FABP4/aP2, GLUT4 and Adipsin, as well SREBP-1c, a transcription factor which promotes lipogenesis. In addition, both MPE and MSE significantly activated AMPK with the consequent inhibition of Acetyl-CoA-carboxylase (ACC) and up-regulated PPARα. The addition of compound C, a specific AMPK inhibitor, reduced the effects of MPE and MSE on AMPK and ACC phosphorylation, suggesting a role of AMPK in mediating MPE and MSE anti-lipogenic effects. Notably, MPE and MSE possess an elevated radical scavenging activity, as demonstrated by DPPH radical scavenging assay, and reduced ROS content produced during adipocyte differentiation. This last effect could be a consequence of the increase in the antioxidant factors Nrf2, MnSOD and HO-1. In conclusion, MPE and MSE possesses both anti-adipogenic and antioxidant potential, thus suggesting that the bio-waste products of mango are promising anti-obesity natural compounds.
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Wang XN, Kuang XD, Wang Y, Sun P, He XR, Peng YA, Liu LH, Gu JL, Gan LS, Wang XN, Shu JC, Zhou ZW. α-Pyrones with glucose uptake-stimulatory activity from the twigs of Cryptocarya wrayi. Fitoterapia 2022; 158:105144. [PMID: 35149120 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Five new α-pyrones, cryptowratones A-E (1-5), and five known congeners (6-10), together with four other known compounds 11-14 were isolated from the twigs of Cryptocarya wrayi. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data analysis and ECD calculations. All α-pyrones except 6 were evaluated for their stimulatory effects on glucose uptake in vitro with CHO-K1/GLUT4 cells. The positive control insulin displayed an approximate 42 ± 0.14% promotion on glucose uptake at 25 μM, compared with the CHO-K1/GLUT4 group. Compounds 1a/2a, 2, 3, and 10 showed a more significant stimulation of glucose uptake than insulin (25 μM) by 36 ± 0.08%, 27 ± 0.12%, 28 ± 0.12%, and 25 ± 0.12% at 1.5 μM, respectively. Immunofluorescence assays indicated the glucose uptake-stimulatory activity of α-pyrones might be correlated with increased GLUT4 translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Na Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Xiao-Dong Kuang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ru He
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, PR China
| | - Yi-An Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Lu-Hong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Jin-Long Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Li-She Gan
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ning Wang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Ji-Cheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Wang Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, PR China.
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25
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Ma J, Zhang X, Song Y, Qin Y, Tan Y, Zheng L, Cheng B, Xi X. D609 inhibition of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C attenuates prolonged insulin stimulation-mediated GLUT4 downregulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Physiol Biochem 2022; 78:355-363. [PMID: 35048323 PMCID: PMC9242966 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-022-00872-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glucose uptake is stimulated by insulin via stimulation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation to the plasma membrane from intracellular compartments in adipose tissue and muscles. Insulin stimulation for prolonged periods depletes GLUT4 protein, particularly in highly insulin-responsive GLUT4 storage vesicles. This depletion mainly occurs via H2O2-mediated retromer inhibition. However, the post-receptor mechanism of insulin activation of oxidative stress remains unknown. Here, we show that phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) plays an important role in insulin-mediated downregulation of GLUT4. In the study, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were exposed to a PC-PLC inhibitor, tricyclodecan-9-yl-xanthogenate (D609), for 30 min prior to the stimulation with 500 nM insulin for 4 h, weakening the depletion of GLUT4. D609 also prevents insulin-driven H2O2 generation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Exogenous PC-PLC and its product, phosphocholine (PCho), also caused GLUT4 depletion and promoted H2O2 generation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, insulin-mediated the increase in the cellular membrane PC-PLC activity was observed in Amplex Red assays. These results suggested that PC-PLC plays an important role in insulin-mediated downregulation of GLUT4 and that PCho may serve as a signaling molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Baoding Maternal and Child Hospital, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Yankun Song
- School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Yinghui Tan
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Lishuang Zheng
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Baoqian Cheng
- School of Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Xin Xi
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China.
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26
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Günther I, Rimbach G, Nevermann S, Neuhauser C, Stadlbauer V, Schwarzinger B, Schwarzinger C, Ipharraguerre IR, Weghuber J, Lüersen K. Avens Root ( Geum Urbanum L.) Extract Discovered by Target-Based Screening Exhibits Antidiabetic Activity in the Hen's Egg Test Model and Drosophila melanogaster. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:794404. [PMID: 34975489 PMCID: PMC8715001 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.794404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plant extracts are becoming increasingly important as an alternative for traditional drugs against diabetes mellitus (DM). For this reason, we initialized a target-based screening of 111 root extracts from an open access plant extract library (PECKISH) by ascertaining their in-vitro inhibitory efficacy on α-glucosidase. The two most active extracts Geum urbanum L. (roseroot) and Rhodiola rosea L. (avens root) were further tested for their antidiabetic activities in terms of their impact on different regulatory key points of glucose homeostasis. To this end, various enzyme- and cell culture-based in-vitro assays were employed including the determination of sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) activity in Caco-2 monolayers by Ussing chambers and of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation in a GFP-reporter cell line. Subsequently, the antidiabetic potential of the root extracts were further evaluated in in-vivo models, namely hen’s eggs test and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Avens root extract was found to be a more potent inhibitor of the enzymes α-glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) than roseroot extract. Most importantly, only avens root extract exhibited antidiabetic activity in the two in-vivo models eliciting a reduced blood glucose level in the in-ovo model and a decline of the triglyceride level in a dietary starch-induced D. melanogaster obesity model. Analyses of the polyphenolic composition of the avens root extract by HPLC revealed a high content of ellagic acid and its derivatives as well as ellagitannins such as pedunculagin, stenophyllanin, stachyurin, casuarinin and gemin A. In conclusion, avens root extract represents a promising medicinal plant that should be considered in further in-vivo studies on hyperglycemia in laboratory rodents and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Günther
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sandra Nevermann
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Cathrina Neuhauser
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria
| | - Verena Stadlbauer
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria.,FFoQSI - Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Tulln, Austria
| | - Bettina Schwarzinger
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria
| | - Clemens Schwarzinger
- Institute for Chemical Technology of Organic Materials, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Julian Weghuber
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria.,FFoQSI - Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Tulln, Austria
| | - Kai Lüersen
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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27
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McColloch A, Liu H, Cho M. Reversal of stem cell‐derived hypertrophic adipocytes mediated by photobiomodulation (1064 nm). TRANSLATIONAL BIOPHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/tbio.202100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew McColloch
- Department of Bioengineering The University of Texas at Arlington Arlington Texas USA
| | - Hanli Liu
- Department of Bioengineering The University of Texas at Arlington Arlington Texas USA
| | - Michael Cho
- Department of Bioengineering The University of Texas at Arlington Arlington Texas USA
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28
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Rosita R, Yueniwati Y, Endharti AT, Widodo MA. High-Glucose and Free Fatty Acid-Induced Adipocytes Generate Increasing of HMGB1 and Reduced GLUT4 Expression. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is released from necrotic adipocytes into the extracellular milieu as an inflammatory alarmin in obesity. Although the impact of excess nutrient on adipocytes is well known, it is not clear how specific its component drive cell-size and damaged of adipocytes, and how this relates to the risk of insulin resistance.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine HMGB1 level in adipocytes cultures after high glucose and/or FFA exposures and to assess GLUT4 expression. We determined cellular features of adipocytes that correlates to HMGB1 released and insulin resistance.
Methods
Differentiated adipocytes were exposed to high glucose and/or FFAs for 7 days. ELISA was performed on supernatant to assess the HMGB1 level. Total GLUT4 expression were quantified by immunofluorescense.
Results
High glucose and FFA-exposed cells have significant increase of HMGB1 level with decreased of cell size and necrotic adipocytes features. The total GLUT4 were reduced in HG-cells (p <0,045), but not in FFA cells. Hypertrophic adipocytes (p <0.05) and slight decrease of GLUT4 expression were showed on HG+FFA exposures with no increase of HMGB1 level. There was a significant correlation between cell size and HMGB1 level (R -0,637, p < 0.026)
Conclusion
The expression level studies between high glucose, FFA, and a combination of both on adipocytes results strongly suggest that high glucose is more damaging to adipocyte compared to FFA. Nevertheless, the combination of the two causes adipocyte dysfunction with general features of adipose tissue in obesity, suggested it can be used as a hypertrophic adipocytes model to study obesity in vitro.
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29
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Ding W, Liu H, Qin Z, Liu M, Zheng M, Cai D, Liu J. Dietary Antioxidant Anthocyanins Mitigate Type II Diabetes through Improving the Disorder of Glycometabolism and Insulin Resistance. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13350-13363. [PMID: 34730960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is one of the pathological reasons for type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, it is important to prevent the body from developing T2DM by improving IR and maintaining glucose homeostasis. Anthocyanins (ACNs) are water-soluble pigments and are widely distributed in natural products. This article summarizes research on the bioavailability and metabolism of ACNs. Moreover, we further elaborate on how ACNs reduce IR and hyperglycemia during the development of T2DM based on studies over the past 20 years. Many studies have demonstrated that ACNs are small molecules that target the pancreatic, liver, muscle, and adipose tissues, preventing IR and hyperglycemia. However, the molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Therefore, we envision whether the molecular mechanism of reducing T2DM by ACNs could be more deeply investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118 Changchun, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, 130118 Changchun, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118 Changchun, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, 130118 Changchun, China
| | - Ziqi Qin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118 Changchun, China
| | - Meihong Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118 Changchun, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, 130118 Changchun, China
| | - Mingzhu Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118 Changchun, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, 130118 Changchun, China
| | - Dan Cai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118 Changchun, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, 130118 Changchun, China
| | - Jingsheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118 Changchun, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, 130118 Changchun, China
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30
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Lin W, Jin Y, Hu X, Huang E, Zhu Q. AMPK/PGC-1α/GLUT4-Mediated Effect of Icariin on Hyperlipidemia-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Lipid Metabolism Disorder in Mice. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2021; 86:1407-1417. [PMID: 34906049 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921110055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the world. Therapeutic activity of icariin, a major bioactive component of Epimedii Herba, in NAFLD is still unknown. Herein, the C57BL/6J mice were fed with a high-fat diet for 16 weeks to establish a NAFLD model. Mice were assigned to five groups: control group, NAFLD group, and icariin treatment groups. Effects of icariin on blood indices, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, histopathological morphology, cell apoptosis, lipid accumulation, and AMPK signaling were analyzed. In addition, another cohort of mice were assigned to five groups: control group, NAFLD group, dorsomorphin treatment group, icariin treatment group, and dorsomorphin + icariin treatment group. Expression of proteins in liver tissues associated with AMPK signaling, and levels of ALT and AST were evaluated. Icariin attenuated the NAFLD-induced increase of the TG, TC, LDL-C, ALT, AST levels. HDL-C levels were affected neither by NAFLD nor by icariin. Furthermore, icariin treatment (100-200 mg/kg) counteracted the NAFLD-reduced glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and modulated histopathological changes, cell apoptosis, and lipid accumulation in liver tissues. Additionally, icariin mitigated the NAFLD-induced up-regulation of the cleaved caspase 3/9, SREBP-1c, and DGAT-2 levels, and enhanced the expression level of CPT-1, p-ACC/ACC, AMPKα1, PGC-1α, and GLUT4. Effects of icariin on the AMPK signaling and levels of AST and ALT could be reversed by AMPK inhibitor, dorsomorphin. This paper investigates the glucose-reducing and lipid-lowering effects of icariin in NAFLD. Moreover, icariin might function through activating the AMPKα1/PGC-1α/GLTU4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- Department of General Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Yin Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Erjiong Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Qihan Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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31
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Gomes Castro AJ, Cazarolli LH, Silva Frederico MJ, Dambrós BF, de Carvalho FK, de Medeiros Pinto VA, da Fonte Ramos C, Filippin Monteiro FB, Pizzolatti MG, Mena Barreto Silva FR. Biological activity of 2α,3β,23-trihydroxyolean-12-ene on glucose homeostasis. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 907:174250. [PMID: 34118223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effect and the mechanisms of action of 2α,3β,23-trihydroxyolean-12-ene (THO), from Croton heterodoxus Baill. (Euphorbiaceae), in glucose uptake in hyperglycemic rats. The effect of in vivo pretreatment with THO in hyperglycemic rats was analyzed. The in vitro effects of THO were observed in adipocytes and in adipose tissue. THO reduced glycemia, in part by increasing serum insulin and augmenting the disposal of glucose as glycogen in hepatocytes but did not change the serum concentration of glucagon-like peptide-1. THO increased glucose uptake in adipocytes and in adipose tissue by a mechanism dependent on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase vesicular traffic and on the process of vesicle fusion at the plasma membrane in regions containing cholesterol, indicating the involvement of glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4). This triterpene may act solely via the activation and translocation of GLUT4 (rather than via nuclear actions, such as upregulation of GLUT4 synthesis), since THO did not alter the amount of GLUT4 mRNA or the content of GLUT4. Consistent with these data, the stimulatory effect of this triterpene on the quantity of GLUT4 in the membrane fraction was dependent upon p38 phosphorylation. In this experimental model, orally administered 10 mg/kg THO did not modulate extracellular serum lactate dehydrogenase. In conclusion, THO decreases hyperglycemia by increasing serum insulin and hepatic glycogen content. The THO mechanism of action on adipose tissue for glucose uptake is suggested to be via GLUT4 translocation stimulation mediated by a p38-dependent mechanism. THO is a potential antihyperglycemic agent that acts in a target tissue for glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allisson Jhonatan Gomes Castro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Luisa Helena Cazarolli
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Campus Universitário Laranjeiras Do Sul, Laranjeiras Do Sul, PR, Brazil
| | - Marisa Jadna Silva Frederico
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Betina Fernanda Dambrós
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Francieli Kanumfre de Carvalho
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fabíola Branco Filippin Monteiro
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Moacir Geraldo Pizzolatti
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Drag J, Knapik-Czajka M, Gawedzka A, Gdula-Argasinska J, Jaskiewicz J. Impact of High-Sucrose Diet on the mRNA Levels for Elongases and Desaturases and Estimated Protein Activity in Rat Adipose Tissue. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2021; 86:525-532. [PMID: 33993857 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921050011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) present in the adipose tissue (AT) can be modified by elongases and desaturases. These enzymes are regulated by different factors including nutrients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of high-sucrose diet (HSD; 68% sucrose) on the levels of mRNAs for elongases (Elovl2, Elovl5, Elovl6) and desaturases (Fads1, Fads2, Scd) and on the activity of the corresponding proteins in the rat AT. Male Wistar rats were randomized into two study groups: fed with an HSD and with a standard diet (ST). The mRNA levels were determined by a semi-quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. FA composition was analyzed by gas chromatography, and FA ratios were used to estimate the activity of the enzymes. In the HSD rats, the levels of Elovl5, Elovl6, Fads1, and Scd mRNAs were higher, while the level of Fads2 mRNA was lower than in the ST group. Higher levels of Elovl5 and Elovl6 mRNAs corresponded to higher relative activities of these enzymes, while downregulation of the Fads2 mRNA was associated with the lower activity of this desaturase. In contrast, an increase in the level of Scd mRNA was accompanied by a decrease in the enzyme activity. Less monounsaturated FAs were detected in the AT of HSD rats than in the ST group. The composition of individual FAs differed between the groups. This study supports the notion that the regulation of mRNA levels and activity of both elongases and desaturases play an important role in managing the AT lipid composition in response to changes in the dietary status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda Drag
- Department of Biochemical Analytics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, 30-688, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata Knapik-Czajka
- Department of Biochemical Analytics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, 30-688, Poland.
| | - Anna Gawedzka
- Department of Biochemical Analytics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, 30-688, Poland.
| | - Joanna Gdula-Argasinska
- Department of Radioligands, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, 30-688, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Jaskiewicz
- Department of Biochemical Analytics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, 30-688, Poland.
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Shrimp Oil Extracted from Shrimp Processing By-Product Is a Rich Source of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Astaxanthin-Esters, and Reveals Potential Anti-Adipogenic Effects in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19050259. [PMID: 33946320 PMCID: PMC8146821 DOI: 10.3390/md19050259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, generates tons of shrimp processing by-product every year. Shrimp contains omega (n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and astaxanthin (Astx), a potent antioxidant that exists in either free or esterified form (Astx-E). In this study, shrimp oil (SO) was extracted from the shrimp processing by-product using the Soxhlet method (hexane:acetone 2:3). The extracted SO was rich in phospholipids, n-3 PUFA, and Astx-E. The 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated to mature adipocytes in the presence or absence of various treatments for 8 days. The effects of SO were then investigated on fat accumulation, and the mRNA expression of genes involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. The effects of fish oil (FO), in combination with Astx-E, on fat accumulation, and the mRNA expression of genes involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis were also investigated. The SO decreased fat accumulation, compared to untreated cells, which coincided with lower mRNA expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes. However, FO and FO + Astx-E increased fat accumulation, along with increased mRNA expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes, and glucose transporter type 4 (Glut-4), compared to untreated cells. These findings have demonstrated that the SO is a rich source of n-3 PUFA and Astx-E, and has the potential to elicit anti-adipogenic effects. Moreover, the SO and FO appear to regulate adipogenesis and lipogenesis via independent pathways in 3T3-L1 cells.
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Kamga-Simo FDY, Kamatou GP, Ssemakalu C, Shai LJ. Cassia Abbreviata Enhances Glucose Uptake and Glucose Transporter 4 Translocation in C2C12 Mouse Skeletal Muscle Cells. J Evid Based Integr Med 2021; 26:2515690X211006333. [PMID: 33788626 PMCID: PMC8020231 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x211006333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. This study aim at assessing C. abbreviata aqueous extracts for its potential to exhibit anti-diabetic activity in skeletal muscle cells. In addition to the toxicological and glucose absorption studies, the action of C. abbreviata extracts on some major genes involved in the insulin signaling pathway was established. Methods. The in vitro cytotoxic effects C. abbreviata was evaluated on muscle cells using the MTT assay and the in vitro glucose uptake assay conducted using a modified glucose oxidase method described by Van de Venter et al. (2008). The amount of GLUT-4 on cell surfaces was estimated quantitatively using the flow cytometry technique. Real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to determine the expression of GLUT-4, IRS-1, PI3 K, Akt1, Akt2, PPAR-γ. Results. Cytotoxicity tests revealed that all extracts tested at various concentrations were non-toxic (LC50 > 5000). Aqueous extracts of leaves, bark and seeds resulted in a dose-dependent increase in glucose absorption by cells, after 1 h, 3 h and 6 h incubation period. Extracts of all three plant parts had the best effect after 3 h incubation, with the leaf extract showing the best activity across time (Glucose uptake of 29%, 56% and 42% higher than untreated control cells after treatment with 1 mg/ml extract at 1 h, 3 h and 6 h, respectively). All extracts, with the exception 500 µg/ml seed extract, induced a two-fold increase in GLUT-4 translocation while marginally inducing GLUT-10 translocation in the muscle cells. The indirect immunofluorescence confirmed that GLUT-4 translocation indeed occurred. There was an increased expression of GLUT-4, IRS1 and PI3 K in cells treated with insulin and bark extract as determined by the RT-qPCR. Conclusion. The study reveals that glucose uptake involves GLUT-4 translocation through a mechanism that is likely to involve the upstream effectors of the PI3-K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D Y Kamga-Simo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag Pretoria, South Africa
| | - G P Kamatou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - C Ssemakalu
- Cell Biology Research Unit, Department of Biotechnology, Vaal University of Technology, Private Bag, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - L J Shai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag Pretoria, South Africa
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Proença C, Ribeiro D, Freitas M, Carvalho F, Fernandes E. A comprehensive review on the antidiabetic activity of flavonoids targeting PTP1B and DPP-4: a structure-activity relationship analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4095-4151. [PMID: 33554619 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1872483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an expanding global health problem, resulting from defects in insulin secretion and/or insulin resistance. In the past few years, both protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), as well as their role in T2D, have attracted the attention of the scientific community. PTP1B plays an important role in insulin resistance and is currently one of the most promising targets for the treatment of T2D, since no available PTP1B inhibitors were still approved. DPP-4 inhibitors are among the most recent agents used in the treatment of T2D (although its use has been associated with possible cardiovascular adverse events). The antidiabetic properties of flavonoids are well-recognized, and include inhibitory effects on the above enzymes, although hitherto not therapeutically explored. In the present study, a comprehensive review of the literature of both synthetic and natural isolated flavonoids as inhibitors of PTP1B and DPP-4 activities is made, including their type of inhibition and experimental conditions, and structure-activity relationship, covering a total of 351 compounds. We intend to provide the most favorable chemical features of flavonoids for the inhibition of PTP1B and DPP-4, gathering information for the future development of compounds with improved potential as T2D therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Proença
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Freitas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Huang Y, Zhou T, Zhang Y, Huang H, Ma Y, Wu C, Wang Q, Lin Q, Yang X, Pang K. Antidiabetic activity of a Flavonoid-Rich extract from flowers of Wisteria sinensis in type 2 diabetic mice via activation of the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt/GLUT4 pathway. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Chen Y, Lin D, Shi C, Guo L, Liu L, Chen L, Li T, Liu Y, Zheng C, Chi X, Meng C, Xue Y. MiR-3138 deteriorates the insulin resistance of HUVECs via KSR2/AMPK/GLUT4 signaling pathway. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:353-368. [PMID: 33509040 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1870335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a complex pathological condition resulting from the dysregulation of cellular response to insulin hormone in insulin-dependent cells and is recognized as a pathogenic hallmark and strong risk factor for metabolic syndrome. The present study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the pathogenesis of IR. Here, we used human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to establish the IR cell model induced by 1 × 10-6 mmol/L insulin. After 48 h, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glucose consumption were measured by DCFH-DA and GOD-POD methods, respectively. The results of Microarray analysis demonstrated that there were 10 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) selected based on Fold change (FC) and P value in the IR cell model compared with HUVECs. The enriched gene ontology (GO) terms analysis showed that the target genes of these 10 DEMs were significantly enriched in biological process, cellular component and molecular function, and the significantly enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes or Genomes (KEGG) pathways mainly include AMPK signaling pathway and PI3K signaling pathway. Amongst all, the expression level of miR-3138 was highest in the IR cell model evaluated by qRT-PCR. Through Targetscan, KSR2 mRNA was predicted as a target of miR-3138. And mRNA and protein expression levels of miR-3138, KSR2, GLUT4, AMPK, PI3K, Akt were examined using qRT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The interaction between miR-3138 and KSR2 was evaluated by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Our results showed that miR-3138 significantly deteriorated the IR of HUVECs via KSR2/AMPK/GLUT4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, South Branch of Fujian Provincial Hospital , Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.,Provincial Clinic Medical College, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Da Lin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Engineering, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Fuzhou University , Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Changxuan Shi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Engineering, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Fuzhou University , Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Engineering, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Fuzhou University , Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Linhua Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, South Branch of Fujian Provincial Hospital , Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, South Branch of Fujian Provincial Hospital , Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, South Branch of Fujian Provincial Hospital , Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, South Branch of Fujian Provincial Hospital , Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chengchao Zheng
- Provincial Clinic Medical College, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xintong Chi
- Provincial Clinic Medical College, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chun Meng
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Engineering, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Fuzhou University , Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yaoming Xue
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Liu XS, Zeng J, Yang YX, Qi CL, Xiong T, Wu GZ, Zeng CY, Wang DX. DRD4 Mitigates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Association With PI3K/AKT Mediated Glucose Metabolism. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:619426. [PMID: 33584304 PMCID: PMC7873565 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.619426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) could cause heart irreversible damage, which is tightly combined with glucose metabolism disorder. It is demonstrated that GLUT4 (glucose transporter 4) translocation is critical for glucose metabolism in the cardiomyocytes under I/R injury. Moreover, DRD4 (dopamine receptor D4) modulate glucose metabolism, and protect neurocytes from anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) injury. Thus, DRD4 might regulate myocardial I/R injury in association with GLUT4-mediated glucose metabolism. However, the effects and mechanisms are largely unknown. In the present study, the effect of DRD4 in heart I/R injury were studied ex vivo and in vitro. For I/R injury ex vivo, DRD4 agonist (PD168077) was perfused by Langendorff system in the isolated rat heart. DRD4 activated by PD168077 improved cardiac function in the I/R-injured heart as determined by the left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), +dp/dt, and left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), and reduced heart damage evidenced by infarct size, the release of troponin T (TNT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). DRD4 activation diminished I/R injury induced apoptosis and enhanced cell viability impaired by I/R injury in cardiomyocyte, showed by TUNEL staining, flow cytometer and CCK8 assay. Furthermore, DRD4 activation did not change total GULT4 protein expression level but increased the membrane GULT4 localization determined by western blot. In terms of mechanism, DRD4 activation increased pPI3K/p-AKT but not the total PI3K/AKT during anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) injury in vitro. Interestingly, PI3K inhibitor, Wortmannin, blocked PI3K/AKT pathway and depleted the membrane GULT4, and further promoted apoptosis showed by TUNEL staining, flow cytometer, western blot of cleaved caspase 3, BAX and BCL2 expression. Thus, DRD4 activation exerted a protective effect against I/R injury by promoting GLUT4 translocation depended on PI3K/AKT pathway, which enhanced the ability of glucose uptake, and ultimately reduced the apoptosis in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Song Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Xue Yang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Lei Qi
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Geng-Ze Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun-Yu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Da-Xin Wang
- The Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Yangzhou University (Taizhou people's Hospital), Taizhou, China
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Kim S, Kim I, Cho W, Oh GT, Park YM. Vimentin Deficiency Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Mice. Diabetes Metab J 2021; 45:97-108. [PMID: 32602277 PMCID: PMC7850873 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2019.0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are world-wide health problems, and lack of understanding of their linking mechanism is one reason for limited treatment options. We determined if genetic deletion of vimentin, a type 3 intermediate filament, affects obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS We fed vimentin-null (Vim-/-) mice and wild-type mice a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks and measured weight change, adiposity, blood lipids, and glucose. We performed intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests and measured CD36, a major fatty acid translocase, and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) in adipocytes from both groups of mice. RESULTS Vim-/- mice fed an HFD showed less weight gain, less adiposity, improved glucose tolerance, and lower serum level of fasting glucose. However, serum triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid levels were higher in Vim-/- mice than in wild-type mice. Vimentin-null adipocytes showed 41.1% less CD36 on plasma membranes, 27% less uptake of fatty acids, and 50.3% less GLUT4, suggesting defects in intracellular trafficking of these molecules. CONCLUSION We concluded that vimentin deficiency prevents obesity and insulin resistance in mice fed an HFD and suggest vimentin as a central mediator linking obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeoYeon Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inyeong Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wonkyoung Cho
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Goo Taeg Oh
- Immune and Vascular Cell Network Research Center, National Creative Initiatives, Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Mi Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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Yang YH, Hao YM, Liu XF, Gao X, Wang BZ, Takahashi K, Du L. Docosahexaenoic acid-enriched phospholipids and eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched phospholipids inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by activating sirtuin 1 pathways. Food Funct 2021; 12:4783-4796. [PMID: 34100500 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00157d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Some chronic diseases such as cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) and obesity are associated with the overproduction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) that stimulates excess lipolysis in adipocytes. Our previous studies have shown that docosahexaenoic acid-enriched phospholipids (DHA-PL) and eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched phospholipids (EPA-PL) ameliorated CAC and obesity-related metabolic disorders. To identify the molecular mechanisms involved, we examined the impact and the associated signaling pathways of DHA-PL and EPA-PL on TNF-α-induced lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The present results revealed that DHA-PL and EPA-PL inhibited the TNF-α-induced increase of glycerol release and protected lipid droplets. In addition, DHA-PL and EPA-PL increased DHA and EPA contents in the phospholipid fraction of adipocytes, respectively. Moreover, DHA-PL and EPA-PL enhanced sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) deacetylase activity and its protein expression. By activating SIRT1, DHA-PL and EPA-PL upregulated the G0/G1 switch gene 2 protein level to inhibit adipose triglyceride lipase activity, activate AMP-activated protein kinase to reverse the downregulation of perilipin expression and phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) at Ser565 and prevent the phosphorylation of HSL at Ser660. Furthermore, DHA-PL and EPA-PL improved glucose uptake and glucose transporter type 4 translocation to the plasma membrane in TNF-α-treated adipocytes. Thus, it was concluded that DHA-PL and EPA-PL inhibit TNF-α-induced lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by activating the SIRT1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hong Yang
- School of Food Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No. 3501, Daxue Road, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Yi-Ming Hao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Xiao-Fang Liu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Bao-Zhen Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Koretaro Takahashi
- Faculty of Engineering, Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koen-cho, Kitami, Hokkaido, 090-8507, Japan
| | - Lei Du
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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Tyrosol May Prevent Obesity by Inhibiting Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:4794780. [PMID: 33376578 PMCID: PMC7746459 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4794780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosol (TR), a major polyphenol found in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), exerts several antioxidant effects. However, only scarce evidences are present regarding its activity on adipocytes and obesity. This study evaluated the role of TR in adipogenesis. Murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were incubated with TR (300 and 500 μM), and TR administration inhibited adipogenesis by downregulation of several adipogenic factors (leptin and aP2) and transcription factors (C/EBPα, PPARγ, SREBP1c, and Glut4) and by modulation of the histone deacetylase sirtuin 1. After complete differentiation, adipocytes treated with 300 and 500 μM TR showed a reduction of 20% and 30% in lipid droplets, respectively. Intracellular triglycerides were significantly reduced after TR treatment (p < 0.05). Mature adipocytes treated with TR at 300 and 500 μM showed a marked decrease in the inflammatory state and oxidative stress as shown by the modulation of specific biomarkers (TNF, IL6, ROS, and SOD2). TR treatment also acted on the early stage of differentiation by reducing cell proliferation (~40%) and inducing cell cycle arrest during Mitotic Expansion Clonal (first 48 h of differentiation), as shown by the increase in both S1 phase and p21 protein expression. We also showed that TR induced lipolysis by activating the AMPK-ATGL-HSL pathway. In conclusion, we provided evidence that TR reduces 3T3-L1 differentiation through downregulation of adipogenic proteins, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Moreover, TR may trigger adipose tissue browning throughout the induction of the AMPK-ATGL-UCP1 pathway and, subsequently, may have promise as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment and prevention of obesity.
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Zhu Y, Zhang H, Wei Y, Cai M, Gu R, Wang Y, Ma Y, Chen L. Pea-derived peptides, VLP, LLP, VA, and LL, improve insulin resistance in HepG2 cells via activating IRS-1/PI3K/AKT and blocking ROS-mediated p38MAPK signaling. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13454. [PMID: 32875583 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of four peptides, VLP, LLP, LL, and LL from pea on regulating glucose metabolism and antioxidant through IRS-1/PI3K/AKT and p38MAPK signal pathway in IR-HepG2 cell induced by 10-6 M insulin. The genes expression of PEPCK, G6Pase, GLUT2, and IRS-1 and proteins of IRS-1, p(Ser307)-IRS-1, AKT, p(Ser473)-AKT, p38MAPK, and p-p38MAPK were determined by RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Results show that they displayed highly potent on stimulation glucose metabolism and relief oxidative stress in IR-HepG2 cells. VLP, LLP, VA, and LL reduced Ser307 phosphorylation of IRS-1 and promoted Ser473 phosphorylation of AKT. Among them, LLP, VA, and LL increased the expression both gene and protein of GLUT2, and VLP and LL reduced p38MAPK phosphorylation showing strong antioxidant capacity. Therefore, pea oligopeptides have considerable potential for reversing the metabolic abnormalities associated with type 2 diabetes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This paper examined the intervention effect of VLP, LLP, VA, and LL that from pea on insulin resistance, and the mechanisms were detected by western blotting. The results provide a theoretical knowledge for the prevention of insulin resistance in T2D of pea-derived peptides and lay the foundation for the development of functional products and drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Haixin Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wei
- Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Muyi Cai
- Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ruizeng Gu
- Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yong Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, P.R. China
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Tsg101 Is Involved in the Sorting and Re-Distribution of Glucose Transporter-4 to the Sarcolemma Membrane of Cardiac Myocytes. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091936. [PMID: 32839388 PMCID: PMC7565110 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac cells can adapt to pathological stress-induced energy crisis by shifting from fatty acid oxidation to glycolysis. However, the use of glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) solution in patients undergoing cardiac surgery does not alleviate ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced energy shortage. This indicates that insulin-mediated translocation of glucose transporter-4 (Glut-4) is impaired in ischemic hearts. Indeed, cardiac myocytes contain two intracellular populations of Glut-4: an insulin-dependent non-endosomal pool (also referred to as Glut-4 storage vesicles, GSVs) and an insulin-independent endosomal pool. Tumor susceptibility gene 101 (Tsg101) has been implicated in the endosomal recycling of membrane proteins. In this study, we aimed to examine whether Tsg101 regulated the sorting and re-distribution of Glut-4 to the sarcolemma membrane of cardiomyocytes under basal and ischemic conditions, using gain- and loss-of-function approaches. Forced overexpression of Tsg101 in mouse hearts and isolated cardiomyocytes could promote Glut-4 re-distribution to the sarcolemma, leading to enhanced glucose entry and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation in I/R hearts which in turn, attenuation of I/R-induced cardiac dysfunction. Conversely, knockdown of Tsg101 in cardiac myocytes exhibited opposite effects. Mechanistically, we identified that Tsg101 could interact and co-localize with Glut-4 in the sarcolemma membrane of cardiomyocytes. Our findings define Tsg101 as a novel regulator of cardiac Glut-4 trafficking, which may provide a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ischemic heart disease.
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Oparija-Rogenmozere L, Rajendran A, Poncet N, Camargo SMR, Verrey F. Phosphorylation of mouse intestinal basolateral amino acid uniporter LAT4 is controlled by food-entrained diurnal rhythm and dietary proteins. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233863. [PMID: 32470053 PMCID: PMC7259769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive regulation of epithelial transporters to nutrient intake is essential to decrease energy costs of their synthesis and maintenance, however such regulation is understudied. Previously we demonstrated that the transport function of the basolateral amino acid uniporter LAT4 (Slc43a2) is increased by dephosphorylation of serine 274 (S274) and nearly abolished by dephosphorylation of serine 297 (S297) when expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Phosphorylation changes in the jejunum of food-entrained mice suggested an increase in LAT4 transport function during food expectation. Thus, we investigated further how phosphorylation, expression and localization of mouse intestinal LAT4 respond to food-entrained diurnal rhythm and dietary protein content. In mice entrained with 18% protein diet, LAT4 mRNA was not submitted to diurnal regulation, unlike mRNAs of luminal symporters and antiporters. Only in duodenum, LAT4 protein expression increased during food intake. Concurrently, S274 phosphorylation was decreased in all three small intestinal segments, whereas S297 phosphorylation was increased only in jejunum. Interestingly, during food intake, S274 phosphorylation was nearly absent in ileum and accompanied by strong phosphorylation of mTORC1 target S6. Entraining mice with 8% protein diet provoked a shift in jejunal LAT4 localization from the cell surface to intracellular stores and increased S274 phosphorylation in both jejunum and ileum during food anticipation, suggesting decreased transport function. In contrast, 40% dietary protein content led to increased LAT4 expression in jejunum and its internalization in ileum. Ex vivo treatments of isolated intestinal villi fraction demonstrated that S274 phosphorylation was stimulated by protein kinase A. Rapamycin-sensitive insulin treatment and amino acids increased S297 phosphorylation, suggesting that the response to food intake might be regulated via the insulin-mTORC1 pathway. Ghrelin, an oscillating orexigenic hormone, did not affect phosphorylation of intestinal LAT4. Overall, we show that phosphorylation, expression and localization of intestinal mouse LAT4 responds to diurnal and dietary stimuli in location-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalita Oparija-Rogenmozere
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anuradha Rajendran
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nadège Poncet
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simone M R Camargo
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - François Verrey
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,NCCR Kidney.CH, Zurich, Switzerland
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Dong J, Liang Q, Niu Y, Jiang S, Zhou L, Wang J, Ma C, Kang W. Effects of Nigella sativa seed polysaccharides on type 2 diabetic mice and gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 159:725-738. [PMID: 32437806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Effect of Nigella sativa seed polysaccharides (NSSP) on type 2 diabetic mice and its gut microbiota was investigated on the type 2 diabetic mice model feed by high-fat diet. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), biochemical parameters, expression levels of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and phosphor-AKT (p-AKT) protein, membrane glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in skeletal muscles, as well as the change of gut microbiota profile in mice model were measured. Results showed that the high-dose NSSP could significantly lower the levels of FBG, glycosylated serum protein (GSP), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), malondialdehyde (MDA), TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, and significantly increased insulin (INS), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and the expression levels of p-AKT and GLUT4 in mice. Besides, the high-dose NSSP has significantly increased the abundance of f_Muribaculaceae_Unclassified and Bacteroides, which were significantly suppressed in the mice gut after the treatment of streptozotocin (STZ). These results indicated that NSSP could improve the abnormal state of diabetic mice by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway with simultaneous changes of the gut microbiota profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dong
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Qiongxin Liang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Functional Components in Health Food, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yun Niu
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Shengjun Jiang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Li Zhou
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jinmei Wang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Changyang Ma
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Functional Components in Health Food, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Wenyi Kang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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Lázár BA, Jancsó G, Sántha P. Modulation of Sensory Nerve Function by Insulin: Possible Relevance to Pain, Inflammation and Axon Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2507. [PMID: 32260335 PMCID: PMC7177741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin, besides its pivotal role in energy metabolism, may also modulate neuronal processes through acting on insulin receptors (InsRs) expressed by neurons of both the central and the peripheral nervous system. Recently, the distribution and functional significance of InsRs localized on a subset of multifunctional primary sensory neurons (PSNs) have been revealed. Systematic investigations into the cellular electrophysiology, neurochemistry and morphological traits of InsR-expressing PSNs indicated complex functional interactions among specific ion channels, proteins and neuropeptides localized in these neurons. Quantitative immunohistochemical studies have revealed disparate localization of the InsRs in somatic and visceral PSNs with a dominance of InsR-positive neurons innervating visceral organs. These findings suggested that visceral spinal PSNs involved in nociceptive and inflammatory processes are more prone to the modulatory effects of insulin than somatic PSNs. Co-localization of the InsR and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor with vasoactive neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P bears of crucial importance in the pathogenesis of inflammatory pathologies affecting visceral organs, such as the pancreas and the urinary bladder. Recent studies have also revealed significant novel aspects of the neurotrophic propensities of insulin with respect to axonal growth, development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gábor Jancsó
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (G.J.); (P.S.)
| | - Péter Sántha
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (G.J.); (P.S.)
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Guo Y, Zhu L, Ge Y, Zhang H. Improving effect of vitamin D supplementation on obesity-related diabetes in rats. MINERVA ENDOCRINOL 2020; 45:29-35. [DOI: 10.23736/s0391-1977.18.02914-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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48
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Dong Y, van der Walt N, Pennington KA, Yallampalli C. Impact of adrenomedullin blockage on lipid metabolism in female mice exposed to high-fat diet. Endocrine 2019; 65:278-285. [PMID: 31025262 PMCID: PMC6901288 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-01927-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adrenomedullin (ADM) levels are elevated in gestational and type 2 diabetic patients. ADM also stimulates lipolysis in vitro. Disturbed lipid metabolism has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Here, we explore whether blockade of ADM is beneficial for metabolic homeostasis in a diabetic mouse model. METHODS C57BL/6J female mice were placed on either a control or a high fat high sucrose (HFHS) diet for 8 weeks. At week 4, osmotic mini-pumps were implanted for constant infusion of either saline or ADM antagonist, ADM22-52. Glucose tolerance tests were performed prior to infusion and 4 weeks after infusion began. Animals were then sacrificed and visceral adipose tissue collected for further analysis. RESULTS Mice fed HFHS displayed glucose intolerance, increased mRNA expressions in VAT for Adm and its receptor components, Crlr. HFHS fed mice also had increased basal and isoprenaline-induced glycerol release by VAT explants. ADM22-52 did not significantly affect glucose intolerance. ADM22-52 did suppress basal and isoprenaline-induced glycerol release by VAT explants. This alteration was associated with enhanced mRNA expression of insulin signaling factors Insr and Glut4, and adipogenic factor Pck1. CONCLUSIONS HFHS diet induces glucose intolerance and enhances ADM and its receptor expressions in VAT in female mice. ADM22-52 treatment did not affect glucose intolerance in HFHS mice, but reduced both basal and isoprenaline-induced lipolysis, which is associated with enhanced expression of genes involved in adipogenesis. These results warrant further research on the effects of ADM blockade in improving lipid homeostasis in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlin Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nicola van der Walt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kathleen A Pennington
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chandra Yallampalli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Endogenous SHBG levels correlate with that of glucose transporters in insulin resistance model cells. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:4953-4965. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04946-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Ben-Shachar M, Rozenberg K, Skalka N, Wollman A, Michlin M, Rosenzweig T. Activation of Insulin Signaling in Adipocytes and Myotubes by Sarcopoterium Spinosum Extract. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061396. [PMID: 31234331 PMCID: PMC6628217 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopoterium spinosum (S. spinosum) is a medicinal plant, traditionally used as an antidiabetic remedy. Previous studies demonstrated its beneficial properties in the treatment of insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to further clarify the effect of S. spinosum extract (SSE) on insulin signaling. Phosphoproteomic analysis, performed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with SSE, revealed the activation of insulin receptor pathways. SSE increased Glut4-facilitated glucose uptake in adipocytes, with an additive effect between SSE and insulin. While the maximal effect of insulin on glucose uptake was found at days 15–16 of differentiation, SSE-induced glucose uptake was found at an earlier stage of differentiation. Inhibition of PI3K and Akt blocked SSE-dependent glucose uptake. Western blot analysis, performed on 3T3-L1 adipocytes and L6 myotubes, showed that in contrast to insulin action, Akt was only marginally phosphorylated by SSE. Furthermore, GSK3β and PRAS40 phosphorylation as well as glucose uptake were increased by the extract. SSE also induced the phosphorylation of ERK similar to insulin. In conclusion, SSE activates insulin signaling, although the upstream event mediating its effects should be further clarified. Identifying the active molecules in SSE may lead to the development of new agents for the treatment of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaella Ben-Shachar
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Nutrition Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel.
| | - Konstantin Rozenberg
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Nutrition Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel.
| | - Nir Skalka
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Nutrition Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel.
| | - Ayala Wollman
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Nutrition Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel.
| | - Michal Michlin
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Nutrition Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel.
| | - Tovit Rosenzweig
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Nutrition Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel.
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