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Yuan S, He W, Liu B, Liu Z. Research Progress on the Weak Immune Response to the COVID-19 Vaccine in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Viral Immunol 2024; 37:79-88. [PMID: 38498797 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2023.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is generally susceptible to the population, highly infectious, rapidly transmitted, and highly fatal. There is a lack of specific drugs against the virus at present and vaccination is the most effective strategy to prevent infection. However, studies have found that some groups, particularly patients with diabetes, show varying degrees of weak immune reactivity to various COVID-19 vaccines, resulting in poor preventive efficacy against the novel coronavirus in patients with diabetes. Therefore, in this study, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who had weak immune response to the COVID-19 vaccine in recent years were analyzed. This article reviews the phenomenon, preliminary mechanism, and related factors affecting weak vaccine response in patients with T2DM, which is expected to help in the development of new vaccines for high-risk groups for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wenwen He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhuoran Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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2
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Fan Y, Liang X. Causal relationship between COVID-19 and chronic pain: A mendelian randomization study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295982. [PMID: 38241342 PMCID: PMC10798446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE COVID-19 is a highly transmissible disease that can result in long-term symptoms, including chronic pain. However, the mechanisms behind the persistence of long-COVID pain are not yet fully elucidated, highlighting the need for further research to establish causality. Mendelian randomization (MR), a statistical technique for determining a causal relationship between exposure and outcome, has been employed in this study to investigate the association between COVID-19 and chronic pain. MATERIAL AND METHODS The IVW, MR Egger, and weighted median methods were employed. Heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochran's Q statistic. MR Egger intercept and MR-PRESSO tests were performed to detect pleiotropy. The Bonferroni method was employed for the correction of multiple testing. R software was used for all statistical analyses. RESULT Based on the IVW method, hospitalized COVID-19 patients exhibit a higher risk of experiencing lower leg joint pain compared to the normal population. Meanwhile, the associations between COVID-19 hospitalization and back pain, headache, and pain all over the body were suggestive. Additionally, COVID-19 patients requiring hospitalization were found to have a suggestive higher risk of experiencing neck or shoulder pain and pain all over the body compared to those who did not require hospitalization. Patients with severe respiratory-confirmed COVID-19 showed a suggestive increased risk of experiencing pain all over the body compared to the normal population. CONCLUSION Our study highlights the link between COVID-19 severity and pain in different body regions, with implications for targeted interventions to reduce COVID-19 induced chronic pain burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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3
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Karamese M, Gumus A, Atalay E, Tutuncu EE. Assessment of the levels of some prognostic biomolecules (galectins, ACE2, SCUBE1/2/3) in COVID-19 patients. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:1329-1337. [PMID: 37910069 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Our aim was to investigate the differences between healthy people and COVID-19 patients in terms of some immunological biomolecules, especially including those related to the inflammation process. Materials & methods: A total of 180 participants (90 healthy controls and 90 COVID-19 patients) were included. The expression levels of eight different inflammation-related biomolecules were measured by the ELISA technique. Results: The mean levels of ACE2, ANG1-7, GAL3, GAL9, SCUBE1, SCUBE2 and SCUBE3 were elevated in COVID-19 patients when compared with healthy controls, while the mean level of GAL2 was lower in COVID-19 patients than controls. Conclusion: To understand the cytokine storm mechanism and related parameters, more detailed studies should be performed investigating more related biomolecules and related signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Karamese
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Kafkas University, Faculty of Medicine, Kars, 36100, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Gumus
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Kafkas University, Faculty of Medicine, Kars, 36100, Turkey
| | - Eray Atalay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kafkas University, Faculty of Medicine, Kars, 36100, Turkey
| | - Emin E Tutuncu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
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Ismail CAN. Issues and challenges in diabetic neuropathy management: A narrative review. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:741-757. [PMID: 37383599 PMCID: PMC10294062 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i6.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a devastating disorder with an increasing prevalence globally. This epidemic can pose a critical burden on individuals and com-munities, subsequently affecting the productivity and economic output of a country. With more people living a sedentary lifestyle, the incidence of DN is escalating worldwide. Many researchers have relentlessly worked on ways to combat this devastating disease. Their efforts have given rise to a number of commercially available therapies that can alleviate the symptoms of DN. Unfortunately, most of these therapies are only partially effective. Worse still, some are associated with unfavorable side effects. This narrative review aims to highlight current issues and challenges in the management of DN, especially from the perspective of molecular mechanisms that lead to its progression, with the hope of providing future direction in the management of DN. To improve the approaches to diabetic management, the suggested resolutions in the literature are also discussed in this review. This review will provide an in-depth understanding of the causative mechanisms of DN, apart from the insights to improve the quality and strategic approaches to DN management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Aishah Nazariah Ismail
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
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5
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Mphekgwana PM, Sono-Setati ME, Mokgophi TV, Kifle YG, Madiba S, Modjadji P. Retrospective Analysis of the Outcome of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients with Coexisting Metabolic Syndrome and HIV Using Multinomial Logistic Regression. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20105799. [PMID: 37239527 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the coexistence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and HIV has become an important public health problem, putting coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) hospitalized patients at risk for severe manifestations and higher mortality. A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted to identify factors and determine their relationships with hospitalization outcomes for COVID-19 patients using secondary data from the Department of Health in Limpopo Province, South Africa. The study included 15,151 patient clinical records of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases. Data on MetS was extracted in the form of a cluster of metabolic factors. These included abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, and impaired fasting glucose captured on an information sheet. Spatial distribution of mortality among patients was observed; overall (21-33%), hypertension (32-43%), diabetes (34-47%), and HIV (31-45%). A multinomial logistic regression model was applied to identify factors and determine their relationships with hospitalization outcomes for COVID-19 patients. Mortality among COVID-19 patients was associated with being older (≥50+ years), male, and HIV positive. Having hypertension and diabetes reduced the duration from admission to death. Being transferred from a primary health facility (PHC) to a referral hospital among COVID-19 patients was associated with ventilation and less chance of being transferred to another health facility when having HIV plus MetS. Patients with MetS had a higher mortality rate within seven days of hospitalization, followed by those with obesity as an individual component. MetS and its components such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity should be considered a composite predictor of COVID-19 fatal outcomes, mostly, increased risk of mortality. The study increases our understanding of the common contributing variables to severe manifestations and a greater mortality risk among COVID-19 hospitalized patients by investigating the influence of MetS, its components, and HIV coexistence. Prevention remains the mainstay for both communicable and non-communicable diseases. The findings underscore the need for improvement of critical care resources across South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Mphekgwana
- Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0727, South Africa
| | - Musa E Sono-Setati
- Department of Public Health Medicine, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, Polokwane 0727, South Africa
| | - Tania V Mokgophi
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0727, South Africa
| | - Yehenew G Kifle
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Sphiwe Madiba
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0727, South Africa
| | - Perpetua Modjadji
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
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Shen J, Fan J, Zhao Y, Jiang D, Niu Z, Zhang Z, Cao G. Innate and adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and predisposing factors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1159326. [PMID: 37228604 PMCID: PMC10203583 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1159326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has affected all countries worldwide. Although some symptoms are relatively mild, others are still associated with severe and even fatal clinical outcomes. Innate and adaptive immunity are important for the control of SARS-CoV-2 infections, whereas a comprehensive characterization of the innate and adaptive immune response to COVID-19 is still lacking and the mechanisms underlying immune pathogenesis and host predisposing factors are still a matter of scientific debate. Here, the specific functions and kinetics of innate and adaptive immunity involved in SARS-CoV-2 recognition and resultant pathogenesis are discussed, as well as their immune memory for vaccinations, viral-mediated immune evasion, and the current and future immunotherapeutic agents. We also highlight host factors that contribute to infection, which may deepen the understanding of viral pathogenesis and help identify targeted therapies that attenuate severe disease and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Shen
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyan Fan
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Bioprotection, Key Laboratory of Biological Defense, Ministry of Education, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Bioprotection, Key Laboratory of Biological Defense, Ministry of Education, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Doming Jiang
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheyun Niu
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangwen Cao
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Bioprotection, Key Laboratory of Biological Defense, Ministry of Education, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Venugopalan Nair A, Kumar D, McInnes M, Hadi AA, Valiyakath Subair HS, Khyatt OA, Almashhadani MA, Jacob B, Vasudevan A, Ashruf MZ, Al-Heidous M, Kuttikatt Soman D. Utility of chest radiograph severity scoring in emergency department for predicting outcomes in COVID-19: A study of 1275 patients. Clin Imaging 2023; 95:65-70. [PMID: 36623355 PMCID: PMC9794386 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure the reliability and reproducibility of a chest radiograph severity score (CSS) in prognosticating patient's severity of disease and outcomes at the time of disease presentation in the emergency department (ED) with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively studied 1275 consecutive RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 adult patients presenting to ED from March 2020 through June 2020. Chest radiograph severity score was assessed for each patient by two blinded radiologists. Clinical and laboratory parameters were collected. The rate of admission to intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation or death up to 60 days after the baseline chest radiograph were collected. Primary outcome was defined as occurrence of ICU admission or death. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to evaluate the relationship between clinical parameters, chest radiograph severity score, and primary outcome. RESULTS CSS of 3 or more was associated with ICU admission (78 % sensitivity; 73.1 % specificity; area under curve 0.81). CSS and pre-existing diabetes were independent predictors of primary outcome (odds ratio, 7; 95 % CI: 3.87, 11.73; p < 0.001 & odds ratio, 2; 95 % CI: 1-3.4, p 0.02 respectively). No significant difference in primary outcome was observed for those with history of hypertension, asthma, chronic kidney disease or coronary artery disease. CONCLUSION Semi-quantitative assessment of CSS at the time of disease presentation in the ED predicted outcomes in adults of all age with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Venugopalan Nair
- Dept of Clinical Radiology, NHS Salisbury Foundation Trust, Wiltshire, United Kingdom; Dept of Clinical Imaging, Al Wakra hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar.
| | - Devendra Kumar
- Dept of Clinical Imaging, Al Wakra hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar
| | - Matthew McInnes
- The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmed Akram Hadi
- Dept of Clinical Imaging, Al Wakra hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar
| | | | - Omar Ammar Khyatt
- Dept of Clinical Imaging, Al Wakra hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar
| | | | - Bamil Jacob
- Dept of Clinical Imaging, Al Wakra hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar
| | | | | | - Mahmoud Al-Heidous
- Dept of Clinical Imaging, Al Wakra hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar
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A Review on COVID-19: Primary Receptor, Endothelial Dysfunction, Related Comorbidities, and Therapeutics. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE 2023. [PMCID: PMC9843681 DOI: 10.1007/s40995-022-01400-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Since December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic named coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and resulted in a worldwide economic crisis. Utilizing the spike-like protein on its surface, the SARS-CoV-2 binds to the receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which highly expresses on the surface of many cell types. Given the crucial role of ACE2 in the renin–angiotensin system, its engagement by SARS-CoV-2 could potentially result in endothelial cell perturbation. This is supported by the observation that one of the most common consequences of COVID-19 infection is endothelial dysfunction and subsequent vascular damage. Furthermore, endothelial dysfunction is the shared denominator among previous comorbidities, including hypertension, kidney disease, cardiovascular diseases, etc., which are associated with an increased risk of severe disease and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Several vaccines and therapeutics have been developed and suggested for COVID-19 therapy. The present review summarizes the relationship between ACE2 and endothelial dysfunction and COVID-19, also reviews the most common comorbidities associated with COVID-19, and finally reviews several categories of potential therapies against COVID-19.
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9
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Kuzan A, Królewicz E, Kustrzeba-Wójcicka I, Lindner-Pawłowicz K, Sobieszczańska M. How Diabetes and Other Comorbidities of Elderly Patients and Their Treatment Influence Levels of Glycation Products. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127524. [PMID: 35742776 PMCID: PMC9223786 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Medical care for geriatric patients is a great challenge, mainly due to various overlapping deficits relevant to numerous coexisting diseases, of which the most common are diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. In the case of diabetes, the glycation process is intensified, which accelerates atherosclerosis development and diabetic complications. Our goal was to investigate the relationship between the classical biochemical parameters of diabetes and atherosclerosis, as well as parameters which may indicate a nephropathy, and the parameters strictly related to glycation, taking into account the pharmacological treatment of patients. Methods: We analyzed the patients’ serum concentrations of fluorescent glycation product—pentosidine, concentrations of soluble receptors for advanced glycation products (sRAGE), lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1), galectin 3 (GAL3), scavenger receptor class A (SR-A), and scavenger receptor class B (SR-BI), as well as the level of lipid peroxidation and free amine content. Among the identified correlations, the most interesting are the following: sRAGE with triglycerides (r = 0.47, p = 0.009), sRAGE with SR-BI (r = 0.47, p = 0.013), SR-BI with LOX-1 (r = 0.31, p = 0.013), and SR-BI with HDL (r = −0.30, p = 0.02). It has been shown that pentosidine and reactive free amine contents are significantly higher in elderly patients with ischemic heart disease. Pentosidine is also significantly higher in patients with arterial hypertension. Malondialdehyde turned out to be higher in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 that was not treated with insulin or metformin than in those treated with both medications (p = 0.052). GAL3 was found to be lower both in persons without diabetes and in diabetics treated with metformin (p = 0.005). LOX-1 was higher in diabetic patients not treated with metformin or insulin, and lowest in diabetics treated with both insulin and metformin, with the effect of metformin reducing LOX-1 levels (p = 0.039). Our results were the basis for a discussion about the diagnostic value in the clinical practice of LOX-1 and GAL3 in geriatric patients with diabetes and also provide grounds for inferring the therapeutic benefits of insulin and metformin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kuzan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (E.K.); (I.K.-W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-7841-379
| | - Emilia Królewicz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (E.K.); (I.K.-W.)
| | - Irena Kustrzeba-Wójcicka
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (E.K.); (I.K.-W.)
| | - Karolina Lindner-Pawłowicz
- Clinical Department of Geriatrics, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.L.-P.); (M.S.)
| | - Małgorzata Sobieszczańska
- Clinical Department of Geriatrics, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.L.-P.); (M.S.)
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Sustained Hyperglycemia and Its Relationship with the Outcome of Hospitalized Patients with Severe COVID-19: Potential Role of ACE2 Upregulation. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050805. [PMID: 35629227 PMCID: PMC9147379 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia increases the risk of developing severe COVID-19 symptoms, but the related mechanisms are unclear. A mean glucose level upon hospital admission >166 mg/dl correlates positively with acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with hyperglycemia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between sustained hyperglycemia and the outcome of hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19. We also evaluated the effect of high glucose concentrations on the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). We carried out a case-control study with hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 with and without sustained hyperglycemia. In a second stage, we performed in vitro assays evaluating the effects of high glucose concentrations on ACE2 gene expression. Fifty hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 were included, of which 28 (56%) died and 22 (44%) recovered. Patients who died due to COVID-19 and COVID-19 survivors had a high prevalence of hyperglycemia (96.4% versus 90.9%), with elevated central glucose upon admission (197.7 mg/dl versus 155.9 mg/dl, p = 0.089) and at discharge (185.2 mg/dl versus 134 mg/dl, p = 0.038). The mean hypoxemia level upon hospital admission was 81% in patients who died due to COVID-19 complications and 88% in patients who survived (p = 0.026); at the time of discharge, hypoxemia levels were also different between the groups (68% versus 92%, p ≤ 0.001). In vitro assays showed that the viability of A549 cells decreased (76.41%) as the glucose concentration increased, and the ACE2 gene was overexpressed 9.91-fold after 72 h (p ≤ 0.001). The relationship between hyperglycemia and COVID-19 in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 plays an important role in COVID-19-related complications and the outcome for these patients. In patients with chronic and/or sustained hyperglycemia, the upregulation of ACE2, and its potential glycation and malfunction, could be related to complications observed in patients with COVID-19.
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Antonovsky A, Danon R, Schiff M, Shelef L. Predicting mental burnout among Israeli Home Front Command soldiers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health Promot Int 2022; 37:daab036. [PMID: 34279594 PMCID: PMC8344459 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study examined personality, situational and organizational predictors of burnout during COVID-19 in a military setting, based on the salutogenic theory of health (Antonovsky, 1987). METHOD Questionnaires were completed by 116 reserve Israeli Home Front Command medical staff (71% males). Background variables (e.g., gender), personality variables (self-efficacy and sense of coherence - SOC), situational variables (state-anxiety, self-rated health and sense of threat) and organizational variables (satisfaction with military's and government's handling of the COVID-19 crisis) were measured as predictors of burnout. RESULTS Females had higher levels of state anxiety and burnout compared to males. Females also reported a lower level of satisfaction with the military's handling of the COVID-19 crisis than males. SOC and state anxiety were the only statistically significant predictors of burnout after controlling for sociodemographic variables. The entire model explained 59.4% of the burnout variance. CONCLUSION In accordance with salutogenic theory, SOC is associated with active adaptation through use of generalized and specific resistance resources to avoid burnout in a stressful milieu. Psychological support, psychoeducation and simulation training are offered to increase manageability in crisis situations. LIMITATIONS Following a large dropout rate due to being quarantined, the final sample size was much smaller than planned. Also, although previous longitudinal studies have found SOC to be a causal factor in burnout, the present cross-sectional design limits such conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishai Antonovsky
- Department of Health and Well-Being, Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel
| | - Roey Danon
- Department of Health and Well-Being, Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel
| | - Miriam Schiff
- Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
| | - Leah Shelef
- Department of Health and Well-Being, Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel
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Mirenayat MS, Abedini A, Kiani A, Eslaminejad A, Adimi naghan P, Malekmohammad M, Heshmatnia J, Nadji SA, Idani E, Zahiri R, Lookzadeh S, Sheikhzade H, Dastan F, Porabdollah Toutkaboni M, Rezaei MS, Askari E, Tabarsi P, Marjani M, Moniri A, Hashemian SMR, Farzanegan B, Abtahian Z, Yassari F, Mansouri N, Mansouri D, Vasheghani M, Mansourafshar B, Mokhber Dezfoli M, Soleimani S, Seifi S, Naghashzadeh F, Fakharian A, Varahram M, Jamaati H, Zali A, Velayati AA. National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD) Protocol for the Treatment of Patients with COVID-19. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH 2022; 21:e123947. [PMID: 35765502 PMCID: PMC9191225 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr.123947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
: More than a year after the onset of the coronavirus disease pandemic in 2019, the disease remains a major global health issue. During this time, health organizations worldwide have tried to provide integrated treatment guidelines to control coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at different levels. However, due to the novel nature of the disease and the emergence of new variants, medical teams' updating medical information and drug prescribing guidelines should be given special attention. This version is an updated instruction of the National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD) in collaboration with a group of specialists from Masih Daneshvari Hospital in Tehran, Iran, which is provided to update the information of caring clinicians for the treatment and care of COVID-19 hospitalized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sadat Mirenayat
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Abedini
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arda Kiani
- Tracheal Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Eslaminejad
- Tracheal Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Adimi naghan
- Department of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Malekmohammad
- Tracheal Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Heshmatnia
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Nadji
- Virology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Idani
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Zahiri
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Lookzadeh
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Sheikhzade
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Dastan
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mihan Porabdollah Toutkaboni
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Sadat Rezaei
- Virology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Askari
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Tabarsi
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Marjani
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Moniri
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Reza Hashemian
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrooz Farzanegan
- Tracheal Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Abtahian
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yassari
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Mansouri
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Mansouri
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Vasheghani
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Mansourafshar
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Mokhber Dezfoli
- Tracheal Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salman Soleimani
- Tracheal Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sharareh Seifi
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farah Naghashzadeh
- Lung Transplantation Research Center(LTRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD) Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Fakharian
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Varahram
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Jamaati
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Zali
- Research Center for Neurosurgery and Functional Nerves, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Velayati
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Fitero A, Bungau SG, Tit DM, Endres L, Khan SA, Bungau AF, Romanul I, Vesa CM, Radu AF, Tarce AG, Bogdan MA, Nechifor AC, Negrut N. Comorbidities, Associated Diseases, and Risk Assessment in COVID-19-A Systematic Review. Int J Clin Pract 2022; 2022:1571826. [PMID: 36406478 PMCID: PMC9640235 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1571826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
It is considered that COVID-19's pandemic expansion is responsible for the particular increase in deaths, especially among the population with comorbidities. The health system is often overwhelmed by the large number of cases of patients addressing it, by the regional limitation of funds, and by the gravity of cases at subjects suffering from this pathology. Several associated conditions including diabetes, cardiovascular illnesses, obesity, persistent lung condition, neurodegenerative diseases, etc., increase the mortality risk and hospitalization of subjects suffering from COVID-19. The rapid identification of patients with increased risk of death from the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the stratification in accordance with the risk and the allocation of human, financial, and logistical resources in proportion must be a priority for health systems worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Fitero
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410073, Romania
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410073, Romania
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410028, Romania
| | - Delia Mirela Tit
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410073, Romania
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410028, Romania
| | - Laura Endres
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410073, Romania
| | - Shamim Ahmad Khan
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410073, Romania
| | | | - Ioana Romanul
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410073, Romania
| | - Cosmin Mihai Vesa
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410073, Romania
| | - Andrei-Flavius Radu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410028, Romania
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410073, Romania
| | | | - Mihaela Alexandra Bogdan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410028, Romania
| | - Aurelia Cristina Nechifor
- Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Department, Polytechnic University of Bucharest, Bucharest 011061, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Negrut
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410073, Romania
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14
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Reshad RAI, Riana SH, Chowdhury MAB, Moin AT, Miah F, Sarkar B, Jewel NA. Diabetes in COVID-19 patients: challenges and possible management strategies. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF BRONCHOLOGY 2021. [PMCID: PMC8642747 DOI: 10.1186/s43168-021-00099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The recent pandemic of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has been causing intense stress among the global population. In the case of hospitalized and ICU-admitted COVID-19 patients with comorbidities, it has been observed that a major portion of them are diabetic. Therefore, researchers had indicated a link between diabetes mellitus (DM) and COVID-19. Furthermore, DM is a potential risk factor for the severity of COVID-19 cases. Thus, in this study, the correlation existing between diabetic patients and COVID-19 was summarized. Main body of the abstract Diabetic patients have a weaker immune system, less viral clearance rate, malfunctions of metabolic activity due to their high blood glucose level, and other associated problems. This does not increase the susceptibility for the patients to be infected with COVID-19. However, the severity of COVID-19 can worsen due to the comorbidity of DM. Short conclusion Proper management, appropriate use of drugs that do not increase the ACE2 expression, lowering blood glucose level, decreasing the susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle could be effective.
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15
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Ceriello A, Catrinoiu D, Chandramouli C, Cosentino F, Dombrowsky AC, Itzhak B, Lalic NM, Prattichizzo F, Schnell O, Seferović PM, Valensi P, Standl E. Heart failure in type 2 diabetes: current perspectives on screening, diagnosis and management. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:218. [PMID: 34740359 PMCID: PMC8571004 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01408-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is one of the most relevant risk factors for heart failure, the prevalence of which is increasing worldwide. The aim of the review is to highlight the current perspectives of the pathophysiology of heart failure as it pertains to type 2 diabetes. This review summarizes the proposed mechanistic bases, explaining the myocardial damage induced by diabetes-related stressors and other risk factors, i.e., cardiomyopathy in type 2 diabetes. We highlight the complex pathology of individuals with type 2 diabetes, including the relationship with chronic kidney disease, metabolic alterations, and heart failure. We also discuss the current criteria used for heart failure diagnosis and the gold standard screening tools for individuals with type 2 diabetes. Currently approved pharmacological therapies with primary use in type 2 diabetes and heart failure, and the treatment-guiding role of NT-proBNP are also presented. Finally, the influence of the presence of type 2 diabetes as well as heart failure on COVID-19 severity is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ceriello
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Via Gaudenzio Fantoli, 16/15, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Doina Catrinoiu
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Ovidius University of Constanta, Constanta, Romania
| | - Chanchal Chandramouli
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute, National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Francesco Cosentino
- Unit of Cardiology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Baruch Itzhak
- Clalit Health Services and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nebojsa Malić Lalic
- School of Medicine, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Oliver Schnell
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e. V. at Helmholtz Centre Munich GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Petar M. Seferović
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade University Medical Center, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Paul Valensi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nutrition, Jean Verdier Hospital, AP-HP, CRNH-IdF, CINFO, Paris 13 University, Bondy, France
| | - Eberhard Standl
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e. V. at Helmholtz Centre Munich GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - the D&CVD EASD Study Group
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Via Gaudenzio Fantoli, 16/15, 20138 Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Ovidius University of Constanta, Constanta, Romania
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute, National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Unit of Cardiology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sciarc GmbH, Baierbrunn, Germany
- Clalit Health Services and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
- School of Medicine, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e. V. at Helmholtz Centre Munich GmbH, Munich, Germany
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade University Medical Center, Belgrade, Serbia
- Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nutrition, Jean Verdier Hospital, AP-HP, CRNH-IdF, CINFO, Paris 13 University, Bondy, France
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16
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Kuo CL, Pilling LC, Atkins JL, Masoli JAH, Delgado J, Tignanelli C, Kuchel GA, Melzer D, Beckman KB, Levine ME. Biological Aging Predicts Vulnerability to COVID-19 Severity in UK Biobank Participants. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:e133-e141. [PMID: 33684206 PMCID: PMC7989601 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Age and disease prevalence are the 2 biggest risk factors for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptom severity and death. We therefore hypothesized that increased biological age, beyond chronological age, may be driving disease-related trends in COVID-19 severity. Methods Using the UK Biobank England data, we tested whether a biological age estimate (PhenoAge) measured more than a decade prior to the COVID-19 pandemic was predictive of 2 COVID-19 severity outcomes (inpatient test positivity and COVID-19-related mortality with inpatient test-confirmed COVID-19). Logistic regression models were used with adjustment for age at the pandemic, sex, ethnicity, baseline assessment centers, and preexisting diseases/conditions. Results Six hundred and thirteen participants tested positive at inpatient settings between March 16 and April 27, 2020, 154 of whom succumbed to COVID-19. PhenoAge was associated with increased risks of inpatient test positivity and COVID-19-related mortality (ORMortality = 1.63 per 5 years, 95% CI: 1.43–1.86, p = 4.7 × 10−13) adjusting for demographics including age at the pandemic. Further adjustment for preexisting diseases/conditions at baseline (ORM = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.30–1.73 per 5 years, p = 3.1 × 10−8) and at the early pandemic (ORM = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.04–1.40 per 5 years, p = .011) decreased the association. Conclusions PhenoAge measured in 2006–2010 was associated with COVID-19 severity outcomes more than 10 years later. These associations were partly accounted for by prevalent chronic diseases proximate to COVID-19 infection. Overall, our results suggest that aging biomarkers, like PhenoAge may capture long-term vulnerability to diseases like COVID-19, even before the accumulation of age-related comorbid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ling Kuo
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, USA.,University of Connecticut Center on Aging, School of Medicine, Farmington, USA
| | - Luke C Pilling
- University of Connecticut Center on Aging, School of Medicine, Farmington, USA.,College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, UK
| | | | | | - João Delgado
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, UK
| | | | - George A Kuchel
- University of Connecticut Center on Aging, School of Medicine, Farmington, USA
| | - David Melzer
- University of Connecticut Center on Aging, School of Medicine, Farmington, USA.,College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Kenneth B Beckman
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Morgan E Levine
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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17
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Anastasiou G, Hatziagelaki E, Liberopoulos E. Could Dapagliflozin Attenuate COVID-19 Progression in High-Risk Patients With or Without Diabetes? Behind DARE-19 Concept. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:e12-e19. [PMID: 34001719 PMCID: PMC8253377 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Epidemiological studies indicate that diabetes is the second most common comorbidity in COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). Dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, exerts direct cardioprotective and nephroprotective effects. DARE-19 (Dapagliflozin in Respiratory Failure in Patients With COVID-19), an ongoing clinical trial, is designed to investigate the impact of dapagliflozin on COVID-19 progression. This article discusses the potential favorable impact of dapagliflozin on COVID-19 and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Anastasiou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece; and
| | - Erifili Hatziagelaki
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, “Attikon” University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Liberopoulos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece; and
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18
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Chao LC, Vidmar AP, Georgia S. Spike in Diabetic Ketoacidosis Rates in Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Diabetes Care 2021; 44:1451-1453. [PMID: 33905347 PMCID: PMC8247527 DOI: 10.2337/dc20-2733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) on the incidence of new-onset type 2 diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is unclear. It is unknown whether the coincidence of DKA noted in adult patients with type 2 diabetes is an issue for youth during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A retrospective single-center medical record review was conducted in a large, urban children's hospital of pediatric subjects presenting with new-onset type 2 diabetes between March and August of 2018 to 2020. RESULTS The proportion of subjects presenting with new-onset type 2 diabetes in DKA dramatically increased in 2020 (9% in 2018, 3% in 2019, and 20% in 2020, P = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS In 2020, youth with new-onset type 2 diabetes had a greater incidence of DKA at presentation than previously observed. Future studies should examine the impact of SARS-CoV2 exposure on the presentation of type 2 diabetes in all age-groups to inform better patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily C Chao
- Diabetes & Obesity Program, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Alaina P Vidmar
- Diabetes & Obesity Program, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Senta Georgia
- Diabetes & Obesity Program, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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19
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Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic, which caused by the newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS- CoV-2), puts the entire world in an unprecedented crisis, leaving behind huge human losses and serious socio-economical damages. The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 varies from asymptomatic to multi-organ manifestations. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic inflammatory condition, which associated with metabolic and vascular abnormalities, increases the risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection, severity and mortality. Due to global prevalence, DM effect on COVID-19 outcomes as well as the potential mechanisms by which DM modulates the host-viral interactions and host-immune responses are discussed in this review. This review also highlights the effects of anti-diabetic drugs on treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vice versa.
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20
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Abstract
Pre-existing heart failure (HF) in diagnosed patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with a close to two-fold increased mortality rate compared to COVID-19 patients without prior HF history. Moreover, based both on biomarker as well as imaging findings, widespread endothelial and cardiac injury seems to be present in many patients presenting with COVID-19, associated with adverse outcomes including new onset HF. Systematic echocardiographic studies in patients with COVID-19 indicate that the most common cardiac pathology is right ventricular (RV) dilatation (39%) over and above both left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction (16%) and LV systolic dysfunction (10%). In addition, myocardial injury, assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is observed in some 55% to 70% of patients recently recovered from COVID-19 even in those who didn't get very sick during the acute illness. These observations seem to indicate a potentially rather high risk of clinical HF emerging in patients post-COVID-19, warranting close long-term monitoring of patients during recovery. On the other hand, given the established adverse prognostic role that pre-existing HF plays as a comorbidity in the context of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, it not only seems important in the still ongoing COVID-19 pandemic that all patients with known HF should proactively be well controlled and treated according to current guidelines, but also additionally be considered for priority vaccination against the SARS-CoV-2 infection if not yet vaccinated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eberhard Standl
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. at Helmholtz Centre, Munich, Germany.
| | - Oliver Schnell
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. at Helmholtz Centre, Munich, Germany
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21
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Kouidere A, Youssoufi LE, Ferjouchia H, Balatif O, Rachik M. Optimal Control of Mathematical modeling of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic with highlighting the negative impact of quarantine on diabetics people with Cost-effectiveness. CHAOS, SOLITONS, AND FRACTALS 2021; 145:110777. [PMID: 33613000 PMCID: PMC7879052 DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2021.110777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
As of November 14, 2020, the number of people infected with the COVID-19 disease has reached more than 54 million people worldwide and more than 1323196 people have died, according to the World Health Organization. This requires many countries to impose a health emergency or quarantine, which has had positive results in reducing the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, and it has also had negative economic, social and health effects. So, we suggest a mathematical model for the dynamics of how COVID-19 disease is spread, as well as a mathematical modeling for the dynamics of diabetes, then highlight the negative effect of quarantine has on the health of diabetics. Pontryagin's maximum principle is used to characterize the optimal controls, and the optimality system is solved by an iterative method. Finally, some numerical simulations are performed to verify the theoretical analysis using MATLAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelfatah Kouidere
- LAMS, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Lahcen El Youssoufi
- LAMS, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hanane Ferjouchia
- LAMS, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Omar Balatif
- Laboratory of Dynamical Systems, Mathematical Engineering Team (INMA), Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences El Jadida, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Mostafa Rachik
- LAMS, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Morocco
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22
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Ciardullo S, Zerbini F, Perra S, Muraca E, Cannistraci R, Lauriola M, Grosso P, Lattuada G, Ippoliti G, Mortara A, Manzoni G, Perseghin G. Impact of diabetes on COVID-19-related in-hospital mortality: a retrospective study from Northern Italy. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:843-850. [PMID: 32776197 PMCID: PMC7415410 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01382-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of pre-existing diabetes on in-hospital mortality in patients admitted for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS This is a single center, retrospective study conducted at Policlinico di Monza hospital, located in the Lombardy region, Northern Italy. We reviewed medical records of 373 consecutive adult patients who were hospitalized with COVID-19 between February 22 and May 15, 2020. Data were collected on diabetes status, comorbid conditions and laboratory findings. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to evaluate the effect of diabetes on in-hospital mortality after adjustment for potential confounding variables. RESULTS Mean age of the patients was 72 ± 14 years (range 17-98), 244 (65.4%) were male and 69 (18.5%) had diabetes. The most common comorbid conditions were hypertension (237 [64.8%]), cardiovascular disease (140 [37.7%]) and malignant neoplasms (50 [13.6%]). In-hospital death occurred in 142 (38.0%) patients. In the multivariable model older age (Relative Risk [RR] 1.06 [1.04-1. 09] per year), diabetes (RR 1.56 [1.05-2.02]), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (RR 1.82 [1.13-2.35]), higher values of lactic dehydrogenase and C-reactive protein were independently associated with in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSION In this retrospective single-center study, diabetes was independently associated with a higher in-hospital mortality. More intensive surveillance of patients with this condition is to be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ciardullo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Policlinico di Monza, Via Modigliani 10, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - F Zerbini
- Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Policlinico di Monza, Via Modigliani 10, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - S Perra
- Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Policlinico di Monza, Via Modigliani 10, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - E Muraca
- Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Policlinico di Monza, Via Modigliani 10, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - R Cannistraci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Policlinico di Monza, Via Modigliani 10, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - M Lauriola
- Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Policlinico di Monza, Via Modigliani 10, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - P Grosso
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Policlinico di Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - G Lattuada
- Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Policlinico di Monza, Via Modigliani 10, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - G Ippoliti
- Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Policlinico di Monza, Via Modigliani 10, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - A Mortara
- Department of Clinical Cardiology, Policlinico di Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - G Manzoni
- Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Policlinico di Monza, Via Modigliani 10, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - G Perseghin
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Policlinico di Monza, Via Modigliani 10, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy.
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Abramczyk U, Kuzan A. What Every Diabetologist Should Know about SARS-CoV-2: State of Knowledge at the Beginning of 2021. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1022. [PMID: 33801468 PMCID: PMC7958842 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10051022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For almost a year, the major medical problem has been the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. People with diabetes who contract COVID-19 are likely to experience more serious symptoms than patients without diabetes. This article presents new research about the epidemiology of COVID-19 in a group of patients with diabetes. It details the mortality and prognosis in such patients, as well as the relationship between COVID-19 and the diseases most often coexisting with diabetes: obesity, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and increased risk for infection. It also details how the virus infects and affects patients with hyperglycemia. The context of glycation and receptors for advanced glycation products (RAGE) seems to be of particular importance here. We also present a hypothesis related to the cause-and-effect axis-it turns out that diabetes can be both the cause of the more difficult course of COVID-19 and the result of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The last part of this article discusses the impact of antihyperglycemic drugs on the development of COVID-19 and other pharmacological implications, including which non-classical antihyperglycemic drugs seem to be effective in both the treatment of coronavirus infection and glucose homeostasis, and what strategies related to RAGE and glycation should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Abramczyk
- A. Falkiewicz Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, 52-114 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Kuzan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
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24
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Fleming N, Sacks LJ, Pham CT, Neoh SL, Ekinci EI. An overview of COVID-19 in people with diabetes: Pathophysiology and considerations in the inpatient setting. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14509. [PMID: 33377213 PMCID: PMC7883197 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has continued to have a devastating impact on health worldwide. There has been a rapid evolution of evidence, establishing an increased risk of morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes and concurrent COVID-19. The objective of this review is to explore the current evidence for inpatient assessment and management of diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic and highlight areas requiring further exploration. METHODS A literature search of databases was conducted to November 2020 using variations on keywords SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, SARS, MERS and diabetes. Information relating to the impact of diabetes on severity of COVID-19 infection, the impact of COVID-19 infection on diabetes management and diabetes-related complications was integrated to create a narrative review. DISCUSSION People with diabetes and COVID-19 are at an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. It is important that people with both known and previously unrecognised diabetes and COVID-19 be promptly identified and assessed during acute illness, with close monitoring for clinical deterioration or complications. People with diabetes may require titration or alteration of their glycaemic management due to the potential for worse outcomes with hyperglycaemia and COVID-19 infection. Comprehensive discharge planning is vital to optimise ongoing glycaemic management. CONCLUSION Further understanding of the risk of adverse outcomes and optimisation of glycaemic management for people with diabetes during COVID-19 is required to improve outcomes. Increased glucose and ketone monitoring, substitution of insulin for some oral anti-hyperglycaemic medications and careful monitoring for complications of diabetes such as diabetic ketoacidosis should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Fleming
- Department of SurgeryAustin HealthHeidelbergVic.Australia
| | - Lori J. Sacks
- Department of Medicine Austin Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of MelbourneAustin HealthHeidelbergVic.Australia
| | - Cecilia T. Pham
- Department of Medicine Austin Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of MelbourneAustin HealthHeidelbergVic.Australia
| | - Sandra L. Neoh
- Department of Medicine Austin Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of MelbourneAustin HealthHeidelbergVic.Australia
- Department of EndocrinologyAustin HealthHeidelbergVic.Australia
| | - Elif I. Ekinci
- Department of Medicine Austin Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of MelbourneAustin HealthHeidelbergVic.Australia
- Department of EndocrinologyAustin HealthHeidelbergVic.Australia
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25
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Purnamayanti NKD, Wicaksana AL. Digital Health Services among Patients with Diabetes during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2021; 25:86-92. [PMID: 34660235 PMCID: PMC8477741 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_153_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS COVID-19 pandemic causes massive disruption of the global health system. The diabetic patients are the vulnerable parts population who are predicted to have a significant issue during the pandemic regarding the conventional type of consultation by face-to-face which may result in the higher risk of COVID-19 exposure. This study aims to observe the use of digital health services for diabetes management during COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A scoping review was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar during August until September 2020. The keywords that are used on the searching process are diabetes AND digital service OR telemedicine OR technology AND COVID-19. The criteria included the selection of scientific publication as an original research and reviews. RESULTS All published articles were gathered from 3 search engines; PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The discussion explicates the practical considerations that are in accordance with the current condition of each country. In order to do so, the evidence is classified based on the level of global digital health framework in the developed and developing countries. It was found that the minimal level of digital health that connects diabetes patients with healthcare providers was at level 2, which is by using the video mode. The most advanced is at level 3B, which is applied by using the CGM devices, which provide active monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment based on timely clinical judgment. CONCLUSION It is feasible to utilize the digital health service during the COVID-19. This review is projected to be beneficial for the patient and health care providers to select the most feasible approach of digital health that merits the contextual resource.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anggi L. Wicaksana
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- The Sleman Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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26
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Silverii GA, Monami M, Cernigliaro A, Vigneri E, Guarnotta V, Scondotto S, Allotta VA, Conti M, Giordano C, Mannucci E. Are diabetes and its medications risk factors for the development of COVID-19? Data from a population-based study in Sicily. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:396-398. [PMID: 33223405 PMCID: PMC7528967 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been associated with higher incidence of severe cases of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients, but it is unknown whether DM is a risk factor for the overall COVID-19 incidence. The aim of present study was to investigate whether there is an association of DM with COVID-19 prevalence and case fatality, and between different DM medications and risk for COVID-19 infection and death. METHODS AND RESULTS retrospective observational study on all SARS-CoV-2 positive (SARS-CoV-2+) cases and deaths in Sicily up to 2020, May 14th. No difference in COVID-19 prevalence was found between people with and without DM (RR 0.92 [0.79-1.09]). Case fatality was significantly higher in SARS-CoV-2+ with DM (RR 4.5 [3.55-5.71]). No diabetes medication was associated with differences in risk for SARS-Cov2 infection. CONCLUSIONS in Sicily, DM was not a risk factor for COVID-19 infection, whereas it was associated with a higher case fatality.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Antonio Silverii
- Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" Department, University of Florence, Italy.
| | - Matteo Monami
- Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" Department, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Achille Cernigliaro
- Health Activities and Epidemiologic Observatory Division, Health Department, Sicily Region, Italy
| | - Enrica Vigneri
- Health Promotion, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", PROMISE, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Guarnotta
- Health Promotion, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", PROMISE, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Scondotto
- Health Activities and Epidemiologic Observatory Division, Health Department, Sicily Region, Italy
| | - Vincenza A Allotta
- Health Activities and Epidemiologic Observatory Division, Health Department, Sicily Region, Italy
| | - Michela Conti
- Health Promotion, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", PROMISE, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Carla Giordano
- Health Promotion, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", PROMISE, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Edoardo Mannucci
- Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" Department, University of Florence, Italy
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Barone MTU, Ngongo B, Harnik SB, Oliveira LXD, Végh D, de Luca PV, Pedrosa HC, Giraudo F, Cardona-Hernandez R, Chaudhury N, Menna-Barreto L. COVID-19 associated with diabetes and other noncommunicable diseases led to a global health crisis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 171:108587. [PMID: 33307134 PMCID: PMC7724978 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has gravely threatened high-risk populations, such as people with diabetes and other noncommunicable diseases, leading to disproportionate hospitalizations and deaths worldwide. It is well documented from previous outbreaks that diabetes increases the risk for poor outcomes due to SARS infection. In the present review, we bring evidence that the country and global level health crisis caused by COVID-19 could have been avoided or extremely minimized if measures to protect high-risk populations were implemented timely. In addition to general lockdowns, testing, tracing, isolation and hygiene measures, other specific interventions for diabetes and comorbidities management were shown crucial to allow the continuation of care services during the pandemic. These interventions included: teleconsultation, digital remote education andmonitoring, e-prescriptions, medicine delivery options, mobile clinics, and home point-of-care tests. In conclusion, we recommend prompt actions to protect the most vulnerable groups, valuing knowledge and experiences from previous outbreaks and lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to shield communities, health systems and the global economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Thomaz Ugliara Barone
- International Diabetes Federation (IDF), 166 Chaussee de La Hulpe B-1170 Brussels, Belgium; ADJ Diabetes Brasil (ADJ), Rua Padre Antônio Tomás, 213, Zip Code 05003-010, Água Branca, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Fórum Intersetorial para Combate às DCNTs no Brasil (ForumDCNTs), Rua Padre Antônio Tomás, 213, Zip Code 05003-010, Água Branca, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes (SBD), Rua Afonso Braz 579, Salas 72/74, Vila Nova Conceição, Zip Code 04511-011, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Belinda Ngongo
- Pan African Women in Health (PAWH), P.O. Box 95535, Grant Park, 2051, South Africa
| | - Simone Bega Harnik
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Departamento de Estatística, Rua do Matão 1010, Cidade Universitária, Zip Code 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Xavier de Oliveira
- International Diabetes Federation (IDF), 166 Chaussee de La Hulpe B-1170 Brussels, Belgium; ADJ Diabetes Brasil (ADJ), Rua Padre Antônio Tomás, 213, Zip Code 05003-010, Água Branca, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Liga de Enfermagem na Atenção ao Diabetes da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo (LEAD-EE-USP), Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 419, Zip Code 05403-000, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Dániel Végh
- International Diabetes Federation (IDF), 166 Chaussee de La Hulpe B-1170 Brussels, Belgium; Semmelweis University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Patrícia Vieira de Luca
- Fórum Intersetorial para Combate às DCNTs no Brasil (ForumDCNTs), Rua Padre Antônio Tomás, 213, Zip Code 05003-010, Água Branca, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Associação Brasileira de Hipercolesterolemia Familiar (AHF), Rua Machado Bittencourt 190, Vila Clementino, Zip Code 04044-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hermelinda Cordeiro Pedrosa
- Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes (SBD), Rua Afonso Braz 579, Salas 72/74, Vila Nova Conceição, Zip Code 04511-011, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Research Centre, Endocrinology Unit, Regional Taguatinga Hospital, Secretary of Health, Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Franco Giraudo
- Institute Maternal and Child Research (IDIMI), School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Juvenile Diabetes Foundation of Chile (FDJ), Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Nayanjeet Chaudhury
- Public Health Institute, Oakland, CA, 555 12th Street, Suite 215, Oakland, CA, 94607; Ramaiah International Centre for Public Health Innovations, MS Ramaiah Nagar, MSRIT Post, Bangalore 560097, India
| | - Luiz Menna-Barreto
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Desenvolvimento e Ritmos Biológicos (GMDRB), Escola de Artes, Ciências eHumanidades da Universidade de São Paulo (EACH-USP), Rua Arlindo Béttio, 1000 - Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo, SP 03828-000, Brazil
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Tejera-Perez C, Moreno-Pérez Ó, Rios J, Reyes-García R. People living with type 1 diabetes point of view in COVID-19 times (COVIDT1 study): Disease impact, health system pitfalls and lessons for the future. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 171:108547. [PMID: 33278422 PMCID: PMC7711176 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To analyse the effects of confinement among people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and their caregivers over the course of the COVID-19 crisis and to evaluate contemporary changes in medical assistance and patient preferences. METHODS An observational cross-sectional study designed as a self-reported web-based survey was conducted over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS A total of 769 subjects participated in the survey (603 people with T1D and 166 caregivers). Changes in glycaemic control were reported in 66% of cases, weight gain in 40.4% of cases and decreased exercise levels in 65.4% of cases. Of the cohort, 53% maintained contact with the healthcare team, and 23% received specific information related to COVID-19. Emotional support was requested by 17% of respondents. Regarding telemedicine, 97.9% agreed with its use with the following preferences regarding the future: telephone call (84.5%), video-call (60.6%) and platform devices (39.7%). CONCLUSIONS Over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, at least two-thirds of people with T1D underwent changes in the management of their condition. Almost all participants agreed with the concept of telemedicine, favouring telephone and video calls as their preferred means of communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Tejera-Perez
- Unidad de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol, Spain.
| | - Óscar Moreno-Pérez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition department, Alicante General University Hospital - Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain; Clinical Medicine department, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain.
| | - Jose Rios
- Medical Statistics Core Facility, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain. Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
| | - Rebeca Reyes-García
- Unidad de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Universitario Torrecárdenas, Almería, Spain. CIBERFES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III.
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Kouidere A, Khajji B, Balatif O, Rachik M. A multi-age mathematical modeling of the dynamics of population diabetics with effect of lifestyle using optimal control. JOURNAL OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS & COMPUTING 2021; 67:375-403. [PMID: 33456430 PMCID: PMC7798379 DOI: 10.1007/s12190-020-01474-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a disease which caused by socio-environmental and / or genetic factors. The negative effect of socio-environmental or lifestyle leads a susceptible individual to become a diabetic. On the one hand, social interaction wields a great deal of influence over lifestyle. On the other hand, genetic factors are the main cause of the birth diabetes genetic disorder. Considering these above mentioned factors. In the present paper, we study a discrete age continuous mathematical model that describes the dynamics of diabetics. We highlight the negative impact of socio-environmental on diabetic patients according to age groups. We also suggest an optimal strategy to implement the best campaigns of rising awareness that aims at protecting diabetic patients from the negative impact of a lifestyle that leads them to complications. In addition to psychological treatment and follow-up of diabetic patients with complications, an awareness campaign will also be carried out for people with potential diabetes that aims at educating them about the dangerous of diabetes and its complications. Pontryagin's maximum principle is used to characterize the optimal controls and the optimality system is solved by an iterative method. The numerical simulation is carried out using MATLAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelfatah Kouidere
- Laboratory of Analysis Modeling and Simulation, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Bouchaib Khajji
- Laboratory of Analysis Modeling and Simulation, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Omar Balatif
- Laboratory of Dynamical Systems, Mathematical Engineering Team (INMA), Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences El Jadida, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Mostafa Rachik
- Laboratory of Analysis Modeling and Simulation, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
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Gentile S, Strollo F, Mambro A, Ceriello A. COVID-19, ketoacidosis and new-onset diabetes: Are there possible cause and effect relationships among them? Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; 22:2507-2508. [PMID: 32790021 PMCID: PMC7436911 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Gentile
- Campania University, “Luigi Vanvitelli”, and Nefrocenter Research & Nyx Start‐UPNaplesItaly
| | | | - Andrea Mambro
- Anesthesiology and Resuscitation UnitCTO, Andrea Alesini HospitalRomeItaly
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Lisco G, De Tullio A, Giagulli VA, Guastamacchia E, De Pergola G, Triggiani V. Hypothesized mechanisms explaining poor prognosis in type 2 diabetes patients with COVID-19: a review. Endocrine 2020; 70:441-453. [PMID: 32779091 PMCID: PMC7417102 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epidemiological data suggest that comorbid patients, mostly those with type 2 diabetes (T2D), are predisposed to poor prognosis in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), leading to serious healthcare concerns. The aim of the present manuscript is to review the main relevant mechanisms possibly contributing to worsen the clinical course of COVID-19 in T2D. RESULTS Poor glucose control, high glycaemic variability and diabetes-related comorbidities at baseline, particularly cardiovascular diseases and obesity, contribute in worsening the prognosis in the above-mentioned cluster of patients. Moreover, both a lower efficient innate immune system response and cytokine dysregulation predispose patients with T2D to impaired viral clearance and more serious pulmonary and systemic inflammation once the SARS-CoV-2 infection occurred. Inconclusive data are currently available for specifically indicate or contraindicate concurrent medications for managing T2D and its comorbidities in infected patients. CONCLUSIONS T2D individuals should be considered as more vulnerable to COVID-19 than general population, and thus require adequate advices about hygienic tips to protect themselves during the pandemic. A careful management of glucose levels and diabetes-related comorbidities remains essential for avoiding further complications, and patient monitoring during the pandemic should be performed also at distance by means of telemedicine. Further studies are needed to clarify whether medications normally used for managing T2D and its associated comorbidities could have a protective or detrimental effect on COVID-19 clinical course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lisco
- Unit of Endocrinology, Metabolic Disease & Clinical Nutrition, Hospital "A. Perrino", Strada 7 per Mesagne, 72100, Brindisi, Puglia, Italy.
| | - Anna De Tullio
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Puglia, Italy
| | - Vito Angelo Giagulli
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Puglia, Italy
- Outpatients Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Hospital "F. Jaja", Via Edmondo de Amicis 36, 70014 Conversano, Bari, Puglia, Italy
| | - Edoardo Guastamacchia
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Puglia, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Puglia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Triggiani
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Puglia, Italy
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Ciarambino T, Sansone G, Menna G, Para O, Giordano M. What is known in male gender differences, comorbidity and age for COVID-19 pandemia? A narrative minireview. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGY AND GERIATRICS 2020. [DOI: 10.36150/2499-6564-265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lambadiari V, Kousathana F, Raptis A, Katogiannis K, Kokkinos A, Ikonomidis I. Pre-Existing Cytokine and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Increased Vascular Permeability in Diabetes: A Possible Fatal Link With Worst COVID-19 Infection Outcomes? Front Immunol 2020; 11:557235. [PMID: 33329516 PMCID: PMC7719832 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.557235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vaia Lambadiari
- 2Department of Internal Medicine, Research Unit and Diabetes Center, Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Foteini Kousathana
- 2Department of Internal Medicine, Research Unit and Diabetes Center, Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Raptis
- 2Department of Internal Medicine, Research Unit and Diabetes Center, Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Katogiannis
- 2Cardiology Department, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander Kokkinos
- 1Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, Diabetes Center, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ignatios Ikonomidis
- 2Cardiology Department, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Ugliara Barone MT, Harnik SB, Chaluppe M, Vieira de Luca P, Ngongo B, Pedrosa HC, Pirolo V, Franco DR, Malta DC, Giampaoli V. Decentralized COVID-19 measures in Brazil were ineffective to protect people with diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:1973-1978. [PMID: 33075740 PMCID: PMC7538379 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS COVID-19 severity and mortality are elevated in individuals with diabetes. During the pandemic, interventions recommended globally for people with diabetes were to keep blood glucose on target whilst staying at home to curb the spread of the virus. In Brazil, similar measures were proposed. The aim of our observational study was to assess whether these measures achieved their objectives. METHODS An anonymous and untraceable survey was shared from April 22nd to May 4th. States with more than 30 respondents were included in the analysis and Fisher's exact test was performed to identify associations, with p < 0.05 considered significant. RESULTS Type 1 diabetes and female participants were prevalent, 60.76% and 76.12% respectively. 10 out of 26 states were included, in addition to the Federal District (1562 responses). Only in three states (Bahia, Goiás and Pernambuco) less than 50% of the respondents experienced higher glycemia or higher variability during the pandemic. Goiás state, where almost half of the respondents (49.12%) have private insurance, presented the highest percentage of individuals receiving medicines for three months (35.48%) and one of the lowest percentages of blood glucose deterioration (47.17%). In the large states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, consultations and/or lab exams were postponed by 37.14%, 34.33% and 40.88%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The decentralized measures implemented by states in Brazil left most people with diabetes unprotected. Many were forced to venture outside to collect or to purchase their medical supplies monthly and reported increased glycemic levels and/or variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Thomaz Ugliara Barone
- International Diabetes Federation (IDF), 166 Chaussée de La Hulpe B-1170 Brussels, Belgium; ADJ Diabetes Brasil (ADJ). Rua Padre Antônio Tomás, 213, Zip code, 05003-010, Água Branca, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Fórum Intersetorial para Combate às DCNTs no Brasil (ForumDCNTs), Rua Padre Antônio Tomás, 213, 05003-010, Água Branca, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes (SBD), Rua Afonso Braz 579, Salas 72/74, Vila Nova, Conceição, 04511-011, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
| | - Simone Bega Harnik
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Departamento de Estatística. Rua do Matão 1010, Cidade Universitária, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus Chaluppe
- ADJ Diabetes Brasil (ADJ). Rua Padre Antônio Tomás, 213, Zip code, 05003-010, Água Branca, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Vieira de Luca
- Fórum Intersetorial para Combate às DCNTs no Brasil (ForumDCNTs), Rua Padre Antônio Tomás, 213, 05003-010, Água Branca, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Associação Brasileira de Hipercolesterolemia Familiar (AHF), Rua Machado Bittencourt 190, Vila Clementino, 04044-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Belinda Ngongo
- Pan African Women in Health (PAWH). P.O.Box, 95535, Grant Park 2051, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Hermelinda Cordeiro Pedrosa
- Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes (SBD), Rua Afonso Braz 579, Salas 72/74, Vila Nova, Conceição, 04511-011, São Paulo SP, Brazil; Research Centre, Endocrinology Unit - Regional Taguatinga Hospital - Secretary of Health, Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pirolo
- ADJ Diabetes Brasil (ADJ). Rua Padre Antônio Tomás, 213, Zip code, 05003-010, Água Branca, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise Reis Franco
- ADJ Diabetes Brasil (ADJ). Rua Padre Antônio Tomás, 213, Zip code, 05003-010, Água Branca, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes (SBD), Rua Afonso Braz 579, Salas 72/74, Vila Nova, Conceição, 04511-011, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Deborah Carvalho Malta
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Escola de Enfermagem, Departamento de Enfermagem Materno-Infantil e Saúde Pública. Avenida Alfredo Balena 190, Santa Efigênia, Zip code, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Viviana Giampaoli
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Departamento de Estatística. Rua do Matão 1010, Cidade Universitária, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Akter F, Mannan A, Mehedi HMH, Rob MA, Ahmed S, Salauddin A, Hossain MS, Hasan MM. Clinical characteristics and short term outcomes after recovery from COVID-19 in patients with and without diabetes in Bangladesh. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:2031-2038. [PMID: 33113469 PMCID: PMC7575434 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS This study investigated the clinical manifestations, outcomes and long-term complications of COVID-19 inpatients in southern part of Bangladesh while emphasizing on individuals having diabetes. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted for a sample of COVID-19 inpatients across four different hospitals of Bangladesh between April 1and June 30, 2020. Variation in clinical characteristics, contact history, comorbidities, treatment patterns, and immediate post COVID complications were investigated. RESULTS There were 734 COVID-19 presentations in this study of which 19.8% of patients had diabetes and 76% of the COVID-19 patients were male. Among biochemical parameters, plasma glucose, D-dimer, and Troponin-I levels were significantly elevated amidst the cohort with diabetes. The frequency of patients requiring insulin increased threefold during infection with SARS CoV-2. 1.4% patients developed new onset of diabetes mellitus. A number of COVID-19 patients with diabetes have been suffering from complications post-recovery including pain, discomfort, and sleep disturbance. CONCLUSION Individuals with diabetes have experienced a severe manifestation of COVID-19 and post disease complications. Further in-depth studies focused on larger sample sizes are entailed to assess the relationships elaborately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Akter
- Department of Endocrinology, Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram, 4203, Bangladesh
| | - Adnan Mannan
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh.
| | | | - Md Abdur Rob
- Department of Medicine, 250 bedded General Hospital, Chattogram-4000, Bangladesh
| | - Shakeel Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Bangladesh Institute of Tropical & Infectious Diseases (BITID), Chattogram, 4217, Bangladesh
| | - Asma Salauddin
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shakhawat Hossain
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mahbub Hasan
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH, UK
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Das S, K.R. A, Birangal SR, Nikam AN, Pandey A, Mutalik S, Joseph A. Role of comorbidities like diabetes on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2: A review. Life Sci 2020; 258:118202. [PMID: 32758625 PMCID: PMC7397991 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pandemic coronavirus disease-2019, commonly known as COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly contagious disease with a high mortality rate. Various comorbidities and their associated symptoms accompany SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among the various comorbidities like hypertension, cardiovascular disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes considered as one of the critical comorbidity, which could affect the survival of infected patients. The severity of COVID-19 disease intensifies in patients with elevated glucose level probably via amplified pro-inflammatory cytokine response, poor innate immunity and downregulated angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Thus, the use of ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers could worsen the glucose level in patients suffering from novel coronavirus infection. It also observed that the direct β-cell damage caused by virus, hypokalemia and cytokine and fetuin-A mediated increase in insulin resistance could also deteriorate the diabetic condition in COVID-19 patients. This review highlights the current scenario of coronavirus disease in pre-existing diabetic patients, epidemiology, molecular perception, investigations, treatment and management of COVID-19 disease in patients with pre-existing diabetes. Along with this, we have also discussed unexplored therapies and future perspectives for coronavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subham Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Anu K.R.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Sumit Raosaheb Birangal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Ajinkya Nitin Nikam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Abhijeet Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Alex Joseph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
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Altobelli E, Angeletti PM, Profeta VF, Petrocelli R. Lifestyle Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and National Diabetes Care Systems in European Countries. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092806. [PMID: 32933175 PMCID: PMC7551066 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Diabetes is increasing by 3.09% per year in males and 1.92% in females. Lifestyle risk factors are related to diabetes. The aim of this work is to highlight within EU-28 countries the distribution percentages of some lifestyle risk factors and some components of diabetes health care. Methods. A literature search was conducted to highlight the presence of diabetes registries, which are fundamental tools for disease surveillance and health planning; the presence of a national diabetes plan (NDP); the care setting; and methods used for reimbursement of drugs, devices, and coverage of any comorbidities associated with diabetes. A multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) was carried out to evaluate the possible associations between the variables considered. Results. The highest percentages of diabetes (>10%) are registered in Bulgaria, Malta, and Hungary. Concerning the prevalence of overweight, no European country shows overall percentages of less than 50%. Regarding obesity, 57% of countries show prevalence rates of 25%. The record for physical inactivity belongs to Malta, with 45% of individuals being inactive. The percentage of physical inactivity for females is higher than for males across Europe. In total, 57% of the countries have an insurance-based health system, while 12 countries have public national health systems. Further, 57% of countries have an NDP, while 42% of the EU countries have established a prevalence register for diabetes. Conclusions. Prevalence rates for type 2 DM in the range of 8–9% are noted in 50% of EU-28 countries. In total, 21 out of EU countries show a high prevalence rate for overweight, while 7% of EU-28 countries have an obesity prevalence rate of 25%. Diabetes treatment is entrusted to general practitioners in most countries. The results of this work highlight the differences between countries, but also between genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Altobelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Local Health Unit, 64100 Teramo, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0862-434-666
| | - Paolo Matteo Angeletti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
- Rianimazione e TIPO Cardiochirurgica, Ospedale G. Mazzini, Local Health Unit, 64100 Teramo, Italy
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Soliman AT, Prabhakaran Nair A, Al Masalamani MS, De Sanctis V, Abu Khattab MA, Alsaud AE, Sasi S, Ali EA, Ola A H, Iqbal FM, Nashwan AJ, Fahad J, El Madhoun I, Yassin MA. Prevalence, clinical manifestations, and biochemical data of type 2 diabetes mellitus versus nondiabetic symptomatic patients with COVID-19: A comparative study. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2020; 91:e2020010. [PMID: 32921708 PMCID: PMC7716959 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i3.10214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a scarcity of data regarding the effect of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and associated comorbidities on the clinical presentation and outcome of symptomatic patients with -COVID-19 infection in comparison with non-diabetic patients. AIM OF THE STUDY We described and compared the clinical presentation and radiological and hematological data of a cohort of symptomatic COVID19 positive T2DM diabetic patients (n = 59) versus another cohort of non-diabetic symptomatic COVID19 positive patients (n =244) diagnosed at the same time from January 2020 to May 2020. Associated comorbidities were -assessed, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index was calculated. The outcomes including duration of hospitalization, duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, and duration of O2 -supplementation were assessed. RESULTS Prevalence of T2DM in symptomatic COVID19 positive patients was 59/303 (=19.5%). Diabetic patients had higher prevalence of hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiac dysfunction [coronary heart disease (CHD)], and congestive heart failure (CHF). Charlson Comorbidity score was significantly higher in the T2DM patients (2.4± 1.6) versus the non-diabetic -patients (0.28 ± 0.8; p: < 0.001). Clinically and radiologically, T2DM patients had significantly higher percentage of pneumonia, severe pneumonia and ARDS versus the non-diabetic patients. Hematologically, diabetic patients had significantly higher C-reactive protein (CRP), higher absolute neutrophilic count (ANC) and lower counts of lymphocytes and eosinophils compared to non-diabetic patients. They had significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures, longer duration of hospitalization, ICU stay, mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy. CRP was correlated significantly with the duration of stay in the ICU and the duration for oxygen supplementation (r = 0.37 and 0.42 respectively; p: <0.01). CONCLUSIONS T2DM patients showed higher inflammatory response to COVID 19 with higher absolute neutrophilic count (ANC) and CRP with lower lymphocytic and eosinophilic counts. Diabetic patients had more comorbidities and more aggressive course of the disease with higher rate of ICU admission and longer need for hospitalization and oxygen use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf T Soliman
- Pediatric and Endocrinology, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar .
| | | | - Muna S Al Masalamani
- Communicable Disease Center (CDC), Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar.
| | | | | | - Arwa E Alsaud
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar.
| | - Sreethish Sasi
- Internal Medicine Dept., Hamad General Hospital (HGH), Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar.
| | - Elrazi A Ali
- Internal Medicine Dept., Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar.
| | - Hassan Ola A
- Medical Resident, Family Medicine, Medical Education, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar.
| | - Fatima M Iqbal
- Infectious Diseases, Communicable Disease Center (CDC), Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar.
| | - Abdulqadir J Nashwan
- Hazm Mebaireek General Hospital (HMGH), Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar.
| | - Jesin Fahad
- Quality Management Data Analyst, Communicable Disease Center (CDC), Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar.
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Scheen AJ, Marre M, Thivolet C. Prognostic factors in patients with diabetes hospitalized for COVID-19: Findings from the CORONADO study and other recent reports. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2020; 46:265-271. [PMID: 32447101 PMCID: PMC7241378 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is challenging in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The prevalence of diabetes patients hospitalized in intensive care units for COVID-19 is two- to threefold higher, and the mortality rate at least double, than that of non-diabetes patients. As the population with diabetes is highly heterogeneous, it is of major interest to determine the risk factors of progression to a more serious life-threatening COVID-19 infection. This brief review discusses the main findings of CORONADO, a prospective observational study in France that specifically addressed this issue as well as related observations from other countries, mainly China and the US. Some prognostic factors beyond old age have been identified: for example, an increased body mass index is a major risk factor for requiring respiratory assistance. Indeed, obesity combines several risk factors, including impaired respiratory mechanics, the presence of other comorbidities and inappropriate inflammatory responses, partly due to ectopic fat deposits. While previous diabetic microvascular (renal) and macrovascular complications also increase risk of death, the quality of past glucose control had no independent influence on hospitalized diabetes patient outcomes, but whether the quality of glucose control might modulate risk of COVID-19 in non-hospitalized diabetes patients is still unknown. In addition, no negative signs regarding the use of RAAS blockers and DPP-4 inhibitors and outcomes of COVID-19 could be identified. Hyperglycaemia at the time of hospital admission is associated with poor outcomes, but it may simply be considered a marker of severity of the infection. Thus, the impact of glucose control during hospitalization on outcomes related to COVID-19, which was not investigated in the CORONADO study, is certainly deserving of specific investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Scheen
- Division of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Department of Medicine, CHU Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - M Marre
- UMR_S 1138, Metabolic Inflammation in Diabetes and its Complications, Cordeliers Research Centre, 75006 PARIS, France; President of the FFRD and the Clinique Ambroise Paré, 92200 Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
| | - C Thivolet
- President of the SFD and DIAB-eCARE, Centre for Diabetes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
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Nouhjah S, Jahanfar S. Challenges of diabetes care management in developing countries with a high incidence of COVID-19: A brief report. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:731-732. [PMID: 32473905 PMCID: PMC7235559 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most critical risk factors for complications and death in COVID-19 patients. The present study aims to highlight challenges in the management of diabetic patients during the COVID-19 outbreak in developing countries. METHODS We reviewed the literature to obtain information about diabetic care during the Covid-19 crisis. We also seek opinions of clinicians working in undeveloped countries. RESULTS Current challenges faced by clinicians in the management of diabetic patients in developing countries are as follows: lack of preventive measures, inadequate number of visits, loss of the traditional method of communication with the patient, shortage of medications, impaired routine diabetic care, and absence of telehealth services. CONCLUSIONS Developing countries are faced with many challenges in diabetes management due to a lack of resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Nouhjah
- Diabetes Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Shayesteh Jahanfar
- MPH program, Health Sciences Building, 2209 Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA.
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Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and diabetes outcomes (CORONADO) trial revealed that 10.6% of patients with diabetes mellitus hospitalized for COVID-19 (COVID-19) die within 7 days. Several studies from New York, Italy, and China confirm that patients with diabetes are at a much higher risk for mortality due to COVID-19. Besides respiratory illness, COVID-19 increases cardiac injury and diabetic ketoacidosis. In the absence of specific guidelines for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 for patients with diabetes, they remain at higher risk and are more susceptible to COVID-19. Furthermore, there is a scarcity of basic knowledge on how diabetes affects pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In patients with diabetes, impaired glucose use alters metabolic and consequently biological processes instigating pathological remodeling, which has detrimental effects on cardiovascular systems. A majority of biological processes are regulated by noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs), which have emerged as a promising therapeutic candidate for several diseases. In consideration of the higher risk of mortality in patients with diabetes and COVID-19, novel diagnostic test and treatment strategy are urgently warranted in post-COVID-19 era. Here, we describe potential roles of miRNA as a biomarker and therapeutic candidate, especially for heart failure, in patients with diabetes and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras K Mishra
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Ritesh Tandon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Siddappa N Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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Barone MTU, Harnik SB, de Luca PV, Lima BLDS, Wieselberg RJP, Ngongo B, Pedrosa HC, Pimazoni-Netto A, Franco DR, Marinho de Souza MDF, Malta DC, Giampaoli V. The impact of COVID-19 on people with diabetes in Brazil. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 166:108304. [PMID: 32623040 PMCID: PMC7332443 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The present study aims at identifying main barriers faced by people living with diabetes in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS In a convenience sampling study, data were collected from 1701 individuals, aged 18 or above; 75.54% female participants; 60.73% T1D and 30.75% T2D, between April 22nd and May 4th, using an anonymous and untraceable survey containing 20 multiple choice questions (socio-demographic; health status and habits of life during COVID-19 pandemic). Relationship between variables was established using the multiple correspondence analysis technique. RESULTS 95.1% of respondents reduced their frequency of going outside of their homes; among those who monitored blood glucose at home during the pandemic (91.5%), the majority (59.4%) experienced an increase, a decrease or a higher variability in glucose levels; 38.4% postponed their medical appointments and/or routine examinations; and 59.5% reduced their physical activity. T1D, the youngest group, was more susceptible to presenting COVID-19 symptoms despite not being testing; whilst the T2D group had higher frequency of comorbidities that are additional risk factors for COVID-19 severity. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a first hand revelation of the severity of COVID-19 on individuals with diabetes in Brazil. Their habits were altered, which impacted their glycemia, potentially increasing the risk of poor outcomes and mortality if infected by SARS-CoV-2, and of acute and chronic diabetes complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Thomaz Ugliara Barone
- International Diabetes Federation (IDF), 166 Chaussee de La Hulpe B-1170, Brussels, Belgium; ADJ Diabetes Brasil (ADJ), Rua Padre Antônio Tomás, 213, Zip Code 05003-010, Água Branca, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Fórum Intersetorial para Combate às DCNTs no Brasil (ForumDCNTs), Rua Padre Antônio Tomás, 213, Zip Code 05003-010, Água Branca, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes (SBD), Rua Afonso Braz 579, Salas 72/74, Vila Nova Conceição, Zip Code 04511-011, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Simone Bega Harnik
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Departamento de Estatística, Rua do Matão 1010, Cidade Universitária, Zip Code 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Vieira de Luca
- Fórum Intersetorial para Combate às DCNTs no Brasil (ForumDCNTs), Rua Padre Antônio Tomás, 213, Zip Code 05003-010, Água Branca, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Associação Brasileira de Hipercolesterolemia Familiar (AHF), Rua Machado Bittencourt 190, Vila Clementino, Zip Code 04044-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Letícia de Souza Lima
- ADJ Diabetes Brasil (ADJ), Rua Padre Antônio Tomás, 213, Zip Code 05003-010, Água Branca, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Fórum Intersetorial para Combate às DCNTs no Brasil (ForumDCNTs), Rua Padre Antônio Tomás, 213, Zip Code 05003-010, Água Branca, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo José Pineda Wieselberg
- International Diabetes Federation (IDF), 166 Chaussee de La Hulpe B-1170, Brussels, Belgium; ADJ Diabetes Brasil (ADJ), Rua Padre Antônio Tomás, 213, Zip Code 05003-010, Água Branca, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Fórum Intersetorial para Combate às DCNTs no Brasil (ForumDCNTs), Rua Padre Antônio Tomás, 213, Zip Code 05003-010, Água Branca, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes (SBD), Rua Afonso Braz 579, Salas 72/74, Vila Nova Conceição, Zip Code 04511-011, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Belinda Ngongo
- Pan African Women in Health (PAWH), P.O.Box 95535, Grant Park, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Hermelinda Cordeiro Pedrosa
- Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes (SBD), Rua Afonso Braz 579, Salas 72/74, Vila Nova Conceição, Zip Code 04511-011, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Research Centre, Endocrinology Unit - Regional Taguatinga Hospital - Secretary of Health, Brasilia, Federal District and Brazilian Society of Diabetes (SBD), Rua Afonso Braz 579, Salas 72/74, Vila Nova Conceição, Zip Code 04511-011, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Augusto Pimazoni-Netto
- Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes (SBD), Rua Afonso Braz 579, Salas 72/74, Vila Nova Conceição, Zip Code 04511-011, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Hospital do Rim e Hipertensão - Centro de Hipertensão e Metabologia Cardiovascular, Grupo de Educação e Controle do Diabetes, Rua Leandro Dupret, 365, Vila Clementino, Zip Code 04025-011, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise Reis Franco
- ADJ Diabetes Brasil (ADJ), Rua Padre Antônio Tomás, 213, Zip Code 05003-010, Água Branca, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes (SBD), Rua Afonso Braz 579, Salas 72/74, Vila Nova Conceição, Zip Code 04511-011, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fatima Marinho de Souza
- Fórum Intersetorial para Combate às DCNTs no Brasil (ForumDCNTs), Rua Padre Antônio Tomás, 213, Zip Code 05003-010, Água Branca, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Vital Strategies, Public Health Programs, Rua São Bento, 470, cj. 104, Centro, Zip Code 01010-010, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Deborah Carvalho Malta
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Escola de Enfermagem, Departamento de Enfermagem Materno-Infantil e Saúde Pública, Avenida Alfredo Balena 190, Santa Efigênia, Zip Code 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Viviana Giampaoli
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Departamento de Estatística, Rua do Matão 1010, Cidade Universitária, Zip Code 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Jeong IK, Yoon KH, Lee MK. Diabetes and COVID-19: Global and regional perspectives. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 166:108303. [PMID: 32623038 PMCID: PMC7332438 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has been designated as a highly contagious infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) since December 2019, when an outbreak of pneumonia cases emerged in Wuhan, China. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a global health crisis, devastating the social, economic and political aspects of life. Many clinicians, health professionals, scientists, organizations, and governments have actively defeated COVID-19 and shared their experiences of the SARS-CoV2. Diabetes is one of the major risk factors for fatal outcomes from COVID-19. Patients with diabetes are vulnerable to infection because of hyperglycemia; impaired immune function; vascular complications; and comorbidities such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease. In addition, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a receptor for SARS-CoV-2 in the human body. Hence, the use of angiotensin-directed medications in patients with diabetes requires attention. The severity and mortality from COVID-19 was significantly higher in patients with diabetes than in those without. Thus, the patients with diabetes should take precautions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, we review the current knowledge of COVID-19 including the global and regional epidemiology, virology, impact of diabetes on COVID-19, treatment of COVID-19, and standard of care in the management of diabetes during this critical period.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Kyung Jeong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kun Ho Yoon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Moon Kyu Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunghyang University College of Medicine, Gumi, Republic of Korea.
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44
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Barone MTU, Villarroel D, de Luca PV, Harnik SB, Lima BLDS, Wieselberg RJP, Giampaoli V. COVID-19 impact on people with diabetes in South and Central America (SACA region). Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 166:108301. [PMID: 32623036 PMCID: PMC7332429 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The present observational study aims to describe political actions in place to combat COVID-19 in the South and Central America region (SACA) while protecting individuals with diabetes. METHODS A survey with 12 questions was shared with all IDF-SACA member organizations, in 18 countries. A descriptive analysis was performed and a multivariate cluster analysis technique pam (partitioning around medoids) was applied. RESULTS Two groups of countries were identified. The first group, mostly countries with stricter measures to contain the spread of the virus, reported more difficulties (limitations in accessing basic or health needs) and fears (concerns regarding the impact of the pandemic); whereas most of the second group consisted of countries with less restrictive measures, and reported fewer difficulties. Only 37% responded that a policy was put into place to protect individuals with diabetes, either delivering their medicines and supplies at home (16%) or providing them at once enough for 2-3 months (21%). All respondents reported that one of the main fear was to "be infected and not to receive adequate treatment" and/or "getting infected if going to the hospital or medical appointments". CONCLUSION Most of the SACA countries failed to implement timely measures to protect individuals with diabetes, which may severely impact individuals, health systems and economies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Thomaz Ugliara Barone
- International Diabetes Federation, 166 Chaussee de La Hulpe, B-1170 Brussels, Belgium; ADJ Diabetes Brasil, Rua Padre Antônio Tomás, 213, Zip Code 05003-010, Água Branca, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Fórum Intersetorial para Combate às DCNTs no Brasil (ForumDCNTs), Rua Padre Antônio Tomás, 213, Zip Code 05003-010, Água Branca, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Douglas Villarroel
- International Diabetes Federation, 166 Chaussee de La Hulpe, B-1170 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrícia Vieira de Luca
- Fórum Intersetorial para Combate às DCNTs no Brasil (ForumDCNTs), Rua Padre Antônio Tomás, 213, Zip Code 05003-010, Água Branca, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Associação Brasileira de Hipercolesterolemia Familiar (AHF), Rua Machado Bittencourt 190, Vila Clementino, Zip Code 04044-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone Bega Harnik
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Departamento de Estatística, Rua do Matão 1010, Cidade Universitária, Zip Code 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Letícia de Souza Lima
- ADJ Diabetes Brasil, Rua Padre Antônio Tomás, 213, Zip Code 05003-010, Água Branca, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Fórum Intersetorial para Combate às DCNTs no Brasil (ForumDCNTs), Rua Padre Antônio Tomás, 213, Zip Code 05003-010, Água Branca, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo José Pineda Wieselberg
- International Diabetes Federation, 166 Chaussee de La Hulpe, B-1170 Brussels, Belgium; ADJ Diabetes Brasil, Rua Padre Antônio Tomás, 213, Zip Code 05003-010, Água Branca, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Fórum Intersetorial para Combate às DCNTs no Brasil (ForumDCNTs), Rua Padre Antônio Tomás, 213, Zip Code 05003-010, Água Branca, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Viviana Giampaoli
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Departamento de Estatística, Rua do Matão 1010, Cidade Universitária, Zip Code 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Ceriello A, Standl E, Catrinoiu D, Itzhak B, Lalic NM, Rahelic D, Schnell O, Škrha J, Valensi P. Issues for the management of people with diabetes and COVID-19 in ICU. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020; 19:114. [PMID: 32690029 PMCID: PMC7370631 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the pandemic “Corona Virus Disease 2019” (COVID-19) people with diabetes have a high risk to require ICU admission. The management of diabetes in Intensive Care Unit is always challenging, however, when diabetes is present in COVID-19 the situation seems even more complicated. An optimal glycemic control, avoiding acute hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia and glycemic variability may significantly improve the outcome. In this case, intravenous insulin infusion with continuous glucose monitoring should be the choice. No evidence suggests stopping angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin-renin-blockers or statins, even it has been suggested that they may increase the expression of Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor, which is used by “Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to penetrate into the cells. A real issue is the usefulness of several biomarkers, which have been suggested to be measured during the COVID-19. N-Terminal-pro-Brain Natriuretic-Peptide, D-dimer and hs-Troponin are often increased in diabetes. Their meaning in the case of diabetes and COVID-19 should be therefore very carefully evaluated. Even though we understand that in such a critical situation some of these requests are not so easy to implement, we believe that the best possible action to prevent a worse outcome is essential in any medical act.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ceriello
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Via Gaudenzio Fantoli, 16/15, 20138, Milan, Italy.
| | - Eberhard Standl
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. at Munich Helmholtz Centre, Munich, Germany
| | - Doina Catrinoiu
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, Constanta, Romania
| | - Baruch Itzhak
- Clalit Health Services and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nebojsa M Lalic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dario Rahelic
- Vuk Vrhovac University Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia.,University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,University of Osijek School of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Oliver Schnell
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. at Munich Helmholtz Centre, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Škrha
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Paul Valensi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nutrition, Jean Verdier Hospital, APHP, Paris Nord University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CINFO, CRNH-IdF, Bondy, France
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Kuo CL, Pilling LC, Atkins JL, Masoli JAH, Delgado J, Tignanelli C, Kuchel GA, Melzer D, Beckman KB, Levine ME. COVID-19 severity is predicted by earlier evidence of accelerated aging. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020:2020.07.10.20147777. [PMID: 32676624 PMCID: PMC7359549 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.10.20147777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
With no known treatments or vaccine, COVID-19 presents a major threat, particularly to older adults, who account for the majority of severe illness and deaths. The age-related susceptibility is partly explained by increased comorbidities including dementia and type II diabetes [1]. While it is unclear why these diseases predispose risk, we hypothesize that increased biological age, rather than chronological age, may be driving disease-related trends in COVID-19 severity with age. To test this hypothesis, we applied our previously validated biological age measure (PhenoAge) [2] composed of chronological age and nine clinical chemistry biomarkers to data of 347,751 participants from a large community cohort in the United Kingdom (UK Biobank), recruited between 2006 and 2010. Other data included disease diagnoses (to 2017), mortality data (to 2020), and the UK national COVID-19 test results (to May 31, 2020) [3]. Accelerated aging 10-14 years prior to the start of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with test positivity (OR=1.15 per 5-year acceleration, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.21, p=3.2×10-6) and all-cause mortality with test-confirmed COVID-19 (OR=1.25, per 5-year acceleration, 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.44, p=0.002) after adjustment for demographics including current chronological age and pre-existing diseases or conditions. The corresponding areas under the curves were 0.669 and 0.803, respectively. Biological aging, as captured by PhenoAge, is a better predictor of COVID-19 severity than chronological age, and may inform risk stratification initiatives, while also elucidating possible underlying mechanisms, particularly those related to inflammaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ling Kuo
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- University of Connecticut Center on Aging, School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Luke C. Pilling
- University of Connecticut Center on Aging, School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, UK
| | | | - Jane AH Masoli
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, UK
| | - João Delgado
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, UK
| | | | - George A Kuchel
- University of Connecticut Center on Aging, School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - David Melzer
- University of Connecticut Center on Aging, School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Kenneth B Beckman
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Morgan E. Levine
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Andrikopoulos S, Johnson G. The Australian response to the COVID-19 pandemic and diabetes - Lessons learned. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 165:108246. [PMID: 32502693 PMCID: PMC7266597 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the economy and health system of most countries in the world and this is also true of Australia. Australia has not seen the huge surge of COVID-19 positive cases and subsequent hospitalisations and deaths experienced in other parts of the world. However there have been important social and health strategies to "flatten" the curve, to reduce infections and to manage those infected. These have included closure of international and interstate borders, local lockdown measures, physical distancing, shift to work from home, closure of non-essential businesses and full or partial closure of all schools and tertiary education facilities. From the diabetes care perspective, there was a significant and concerted diversion of hospital resources and staff to COVID-19 specific activities. Reduced access to primary care, diagnostic and hospital services for diabetes, combined with fear of exposure to the virus in these settings, led to a significant drop in access to usual diabetes care. Provision of outpatient and private sector diabetes services via telehealth was encouraged and supported by expanded and new government subsidies. Importantly, for the first time, there was government funded subsidy for care delivered via the telephone and inclusion of credentialled diabetes educators in funded telephone/telehealth support. The Australian health professional and consumer organisations worked cooperatively producing guidelines, position statements and other educational resources specific for the COVID-19 setting. Once the COVID-19 pandemic is over, review of all the changes will be important, determining which should be permanently implemented. The learnings from COVID-19 should help prepare Australia for future pandemics or other major health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sof Andrikopoulos
- Australian Diabetes Society, 145 Macquarie Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia.
| | - Greg Johnson
- Diabetes Australia, PO Box 3156, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- SM Ng
- Honorary Associate Professor, University of Liverpool; Consultant Paediatric Endocrinologist, Southport and Ormskirk Hospitals NHS Trust Wigan Road, Ormskirk L39 2AZ UK
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49
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Barber TM. COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: implications for prognosis and clinical management. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2020; 15:227-236. [PMID: 32511033 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2020.1774360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus that emerged from Wuhan, China in December 2019, and within 3 months became a global pandemic. AREAS COVERED PubMed search of published data on COVID-19, respiratory infections, and diabetes mellitus (DM). DM associates with impairments of both cellular and humoral immunity. Early emergent global data reveal that severity of clinical outcome from COVID-19 infection (including hospitalization and admission to Intensive Care Unit [ICU]), associate with co-morbidities, prominently DM. The key principles of management of COVID-19 in patients with DM include ongoing focused outpatient management (remotely where necessary) and maintenance of good glycemic control. EXPERT OPINION We will remember the dawn of the third decade of the twenty-first century as a time when the world changed, the true scale and impact of which is hard for us to imagine. Like a phoenix from the ashes though, COVID-19 provides us with a great learning opportunity to renew insights into ourselves as individuals, our clinical teams, and the optimized provision of care for our patients. COVID-19 has re-shaped and re-focused our collective societal values, with a sea-changed shift from materialistic to human-centric, from self-centredness to altruism, ultimately for the betterment of patient care and the whole of society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Barber
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick , Coventry, UK
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire , Coventry, UK
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Tseng YH, Yang RC, Lu TS. Two hits to the renin-angiotensin system may play a key role in severe COVID-19. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2020; 36:389-392. [PMID: 32492292 PMCID: PMC7300771 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The spike glycoprotein on the virion surface docking onto the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 dimer is an essential step in the process of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in human cells-involves downregulation of ACE2 expression with systemic renin-angiotensin system (RAS) imbalance and promotion of multi-organ damage. In general, the RAS induces vasoconstriction, hypertension, inflammation, fibrosis, and proliferation via the ACE/Ang II/Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) axis and induces the opposite effects via the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas axis. The RAS may be activated by chronic inflammation in hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and cancer. SARS-CoV-2 induces the ACE2 internalization and shedding, leading to the inactivation of the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas axis. Therefore, we hypothesize that two hits to the RAS drives COVID-19 progression. In brief, the first hit originates from chronic inflammation activating the ACE/Ang II/AT1R axis, and the second originates from the COVID-19 infection inactivating the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas axis. Moreover, the two hits to the RAS may be the primary reason for increased mortality in patients with COVID-19 who have comorbidities and may serve as a therapeutic target for COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsin Tseng
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Rei-Cheng Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Shi Lu
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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