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Drouin A, Plumb ID, McCullough M, James Gist J, Liu S, Theberge M, Katz J, Moreida M, Flaherty S, Chatwani B, Briggs Hagen M, Midgley CM, Fusco D. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19 in New Orleans, August 2020 to September 2021. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6539. [PMID: 38503862 PMCID: PMC10951213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57306-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Louisiana experienced high morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. To assess possible explanatory factors, we conducted a cohort study (ClinSeqSer) of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in New Orleans during August 2020-September 2021. Following enrollment, we reviewed medical charts, and performed SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing on nasal and saliva specimens. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess associations between patient characteristics and severe illness, defined as ≥ 6 L/min oxygen or intubation. Among 456 patients, median age was 56 years, 277 (60.5%) were Black non-Hispanic, 436 (95.2%) had underlying health conditions, and 358 were unvaccinated (92.0% of 389 verified). Overall, 187 patients (40.1%) had severe illness; 60 (13.1%) died during admission. In multivariable models, severe illness was associated with age ≥ 65 years (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.22-3.56), hospitalization > 5 days after illness onset (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.01-2.21), and SARS CoV-2 cycle threshold (Ct) result of < 32 in saliva (OR 4.79, 95% CI 1.22-18.77). Among patients who were predominantly Black non-Hispanic, unvaccinated and with underlying health conditions, approximately 1 in 3 patients had severe COVID-19. Older age and delayed time to admission might have contributed to high case-severity. An association between case-severity and low Ct value in saliva warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Drouin
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70130, USA
- University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ian D Plumb
- Applied Epidemiology Studies Team, Epidemiology Branch, and on detail to the Global Respiratory Viruses Branch Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Sharon Liu
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70130, USA
| | - Marc Theberge
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70130, USA
| | - Joshua Katz
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70130, USA
| | - Matthew Moreida
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70130, USA
| | - Shelby Flaherty
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Bhoomija Chatwani
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Melissa Briggs Hagen
- Applied Epidemiology Studies Team, Epidemiology Branch, and on detail to the Global Respiratory Viruses Branch Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Claire M Midgley
- Applied Epidemiology Studies Team, Epidemiology Branch, and on detail to the Global Respiratory Viruses Branch Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dahlene Fusco
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70130, USA.
- University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Zhang D, Kukkar D, Kim KH, Bhatt P. A comprehensive review on immunogen and immune-response proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and their applications in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129284. [PMID: 38211928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) prompts humoral immune responses in the human body. As the auxiliary diagnosis of a current infection, the existence of viral proteins can be checked from specific antibodies (Abs) induced by immunogenic viral proteins. For people with a weakened immune system, Ab treatment can help neutralize viral antigens to resist and treat the disease. On the other hand, highly immunogenic viral proteins can serve as effective markers for detecting prior infections. Additionally, the identification of viral particles or the presence of antibodies may help establish an immune defense against the virus. These immunogenic proteins rather than SARS-CoV-2 can be given to uninfected people as a vaccination to improve their coping ability against COVID-19 through the generation of memory plasma cells. In this work, we review immunogenic and immune-response proteins derived from SARS-CoV-2 with regard to their classification, origin, and diverse applications (e.g., prevention (vaccine development), diagnostic testing, and treatment (via neutralizing Abs)). Finally, advanced immunization strategies against COVID-19 are discussed along with the contemporary circumstances and future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daohong Zhang
- College of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong, China; Bio-Nanotechnology Research Institute, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong, China
| | - Deepak Kukkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India; University Center for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Poornima Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India; University Center for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India
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Santos RS, Barreto MDS, Silva EED, da Silva BS, de Jesus PC, Silva DMRR, Moura PHM, de Souza JB, dos Santos LMM, Guimarães AG, Santana LADM, Borges LP. COVID-19 Crisis in Brazil: Post-Vaccination Seroprevalence and Infection in More and Less Vaccinated Municipalities in a Northeastern State. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:94. [PMID: 38255709 PMCID: PMC10817450 DOI: 10.3390/life14010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the impact of the pandemic in Brazil, vaccination is essential to prevent illness and death. Thus, this study sought to compare, after vaccination, the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 and the response to vaccination in the least and most vaccinated municipalities of a Brazilian state during the height of the pandemic when the Omicron variant was dominant. METHODS We tested for the SARS-CoV-2 antigen and confirmed infection using an RT-qPCR and measured IgM and IgG antibodies in fully vaccinated participants from municipalities with higher and lower vaccination rates. RESULTS We showed that participants from the least vaccinated municipalities were more likely to have detectable IgM antibodies and a positive antigen/RT-qPCR result for SARS-CoV-2 than participants from the most vaccinated municipalities. There were no differences between the vaccines used (BNT162b2, Ad26.COV2.S, AZD1222, and CoronaVac) and antibody production. CONCLUSIONS Our study evaluated municipal vaccination coverage and its effects on mortality, infections, and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies during a critical phase of the pandemic. The results suggest that higher vaccination coverage reduces acute cases and confers higher memory antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2. Even with a full vaccination schedule, individuals living in places with low vaccination rates are more susceptible to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldy Santana Santos
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (E.E.D.S.); (B.S.d.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (L.M.M.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Marina dos Santos Barreto
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (E.E.D.S.); (B.S.d.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (L.M.M.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Eloia Emanuelly Dias Silva
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (E.E.D.S.); (B.S.d.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (L.M.M.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Beatriz Soares da Silva
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (E.E.D.S.); (B.S.d.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (L.M.M.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Pamela Chaves de Jesus
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (E.E.D.S.); (B.S.d.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (L.M.M.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Deise Maria Rego Rodrigues Silva
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (E.E.D.S.); (B.S.d.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (L.M.M.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Pedro Henrique Macedo Moura
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (E.E.D.S.); (B.S.d.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (L.M.M.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Jessiane Bispo de Souza
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (E.E.D.S.); (B.S.d.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (L.M.M.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Leticia Milena Machado dos Santos
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (E.E.D.S.); (B.S.d.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (L.M.M.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Adriana Gibara Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (E.E.D.S.); (B.S.d.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (L.M.M.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | | | - Lysandro Pinto Borges
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (E.E.D.S.); (B.S.d.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (L.M.M.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
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Ndiaye MDB, Rasoloharimanana LT, Razafimahatratra SL, Ratovoson R, Rasolofo V, Ranaivomanana P, Raskine L, Hoffmann J, Randremanana R, Rakotosamimanana N, Schoenhals M. Using a multiplex serological assay to estimate time since SARS-CoV-2 infection and past clinical presentation in malagasy patients. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17264. [PMID: 37332901 PMCID: PMC10263216 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The world is facing a 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this context, efficient serological assays are needed to accurately describe the humoral responses against the virus. These tools could potentially provide temporal and clinical characteristics and are thus paramount in developing-countries lacking sufficient ongoing COVID-19 epidemic descriptions. Methods We developed and validated a Luminex xMAP® multiplex serological assay targeting specific IgM and IgG antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike subunit 1 (S1), Spike subunit 2 (S2), Spike Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) and the Nucleocapsid protein (N). Blood samples collected periodically for 12 months from 43 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Madagascar were tested for these antibodies. A random forest algorithm was used to build a predictive model of time since infection and symptom presentation. Findings The performance of the multiplex serological assay was evaluated for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 anti-IgG and anti-IgM antibodies. Both sensitivity and specificity were equal to 100% (89.85-100) for S1, RBD and N (S2 had a lower specificity = 95%) for IgG at day 14 after enrolment. This multiplex assay compared with two commercialized ELISA kits, showed a higher sensitivity. Principal Component Analysis was performed on serologic data to group patients according to time of sample collection and clinical presentations. The random forest algorithm built by this approach predicted symptom presentation and time since infection with an accuracy of 87.1% (95% CI = 70.17-96.37, p-value = 0.0016), and 80% (95% CI = 61.43-92.29, p-value = 0.0001) respectively. Interpretation This study demonstrates that the statistical model predicts time since infection and previous symptom presentation using IgM and IgG response to SARS-CoV2. This tool may be useful for global surveillance, discriminating recent- and past- SARS-CoV-2 infection, and assessing disease severity. Fundings This study was funded by the French Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs through the REPAIR COVID-19-Africa project coordinated by the Pasteur International Network association. WANTAI reagents were provided by WHO AFRO as part of a Sero-epidemiological "Unity" Study Grant/Award Number: 2020/1,019,828-0 P·O 202546047 and Initiative 5% grant n°AP-5PC-2018-03-RO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rila Ratovoson
- Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | | | - Laurent Raskine
- Medical and Scientific Department, Fondation Mérieux, Lyon, France
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Parker E, Thomas J, Roper KJ, Ijaz S, Edwards T, Marchesin F, Katsanovskaja K, Lett L, Jones C, Hardwick HE, Davis C, Vink E, McDonald SE, Moore SC, Dicks S, Jegatheesan K, Cook NJ, Hope J, Cherepanov P, McClure MO, Baillie JK, Openshaw PJM, Turtle L, Ho A, Semple MG, Paxton WA, Tedder RS, Pollakis G. SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses associate with sex, age and disease severity in previously uninfected people admitted to hospital with COVID-19: An ISARIC4C prospective study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1146702. [PMID: 37056776 PMCID: PMC10087108 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1146702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic enables the analysis of immune responses induced against a novel coronavirus infecting immunologically naïve individuals. This provides an opportunity for analysis of immune responses and associations with age, sex and disease severity. Here we measured an array of solid-phase binding antibody and viral neutralising Ab (nAb) responses in participants (n=337) of the ISARIC4C cohort and characterised their correlation with peak disease severity during acute infection and early convalescence. Overall, the responses in a Double Antigen Binding Assay (DABA) for antibody to the receptor binding domain (anti-RBD) correlated well with IgM as well as IgG responses against viral spike, S1 and nucleocapsid protein (NP) antigens. DABA reactivity also correlated with nAb. As we and others reported previously, there is greater risk of severe disease and death in older men, whilst the sex ratio was found to be equal within each severity grouping in younger people. In older males with severe disease (mean age 68 years), peak antibody levels were found to be delayed by one to two weeks compared with women, and nAb responses were delayed further. Additionally, we demonstrated that solid-phase binding antibody responses reached higher levels in males as measured via DABA and IgM binding against Spike, NP and S1 antigens. In contrast, this was not observed for nAb responses. When measuring SARS-CoV-2 RNA transcripts (as a surrogate for viral shedding) in nasal swabs at recruitment, we saw no significant differences by sex or disease severity status. However, we have shown higher antibody levels associated with low nasal viral RNA indicating a role of antibody responses in controlling viral replication and shedding in the upper airway. In this study, we have shown discernible differences in the humoral immune responses between males and females and these differences associate with age as well as with resultant disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Parker
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jordan Thomas
- National Institute of Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly J. Roper
- National Institute of Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Samreen Ijaz
- Blood Borne Virus Unit, Reference Department, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tansy Edwards
- Medical Research Council (MRC) International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Marchesin
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ksenia Katsanovskaja
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren Lett
- National Institute of Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Jones
- National Institute of Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley E. Hardwick
- National Institute of Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Davis
- Medical Research Council, University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Elen Vink
- Medical Research Council, University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E. McDonald
- Medical Research Council, University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Shona C. Moore
- National Institute of Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Dicks
- Blood Borne Virus Unit, Reference Department, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
- National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keerthana Jegatheesan
- Blood Borne Virus Unit, Reference Department, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
- National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola J. Cook
- Chromatin Structure and Mobile DNA Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua Hope
- Chromatin Structure and Mobile DNA Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Cherepanov
- Chromatin Structure and Mobile DNA Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Myra O. McClure
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Lance Turtle
- National Institute of Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Antonia Ho
- Medical Research Council, University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm G. Semple
- National Institute of Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - William A. Paxton
- National Institute of Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Richard S. Tedder
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Georgios Pollakis
- National Institute of Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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6
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Prete CA, Buss LF, Whittaker C, Salomon T, Oikawa MK, Pereira RHM, Moura ICG, Delerino L, Barral-Netto M, Tavares NM, Franca RFO, Boaventura VS, Miyajima F, Mendrone-Junior A, de Almeida-Neto C, Salles NA, Ferreira SC, Fladzinski KA, de Souza LM, Schier LK, Inoue PM, Xabregas LA, Crispim MAE, Fraiji N, Araujo FLV, Carlos LMB, Pessoa V, Ribeiro MA, de Souza RE, da Silva SMN, Cavalcante AF, Valença MIB, da Silva MV, Lopes E, Filho LA, Mateos SOG, Nunes GT, Silva-Junior AL, Busch MP, Castro MC, Dye C, Ratmann O, Faria NR, Nascimento VH, Sabino EC. SARS-CoV-2 antibody dynamics in blood donors and COVID-19 epidemiology in eight Brazilian state capitals: A serial cross-sectional study. eLife 2022; 11:e78233. [PMID: 36135358 PMCID: PMC9545556 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 situation in Brazil is complex due to large differences in the shape and size of regional epidemics. Understanding these patterns is crucial to understand future outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 or other respiratory pathogens in the country. Methods We tested 97,950 blood donation samples for IgG antibodies from March 2020 to March 2021 in 8 of Brazil's most populous cities. Residential postal codes were used to obtain representative samples. Weekly age- and sex-specific seroprevalence were estimated by correcting the crude seroprevalence by test sensitivity, specificity, and antibody waning. Results The inferred attack rate of SARS-CoV-2 in December 2020, before the Gamma variant of concern (VOC) was dominant, ranged from 19.3% (95% credible interval [CrI] 17.5-21.2%) in Curitiba to 75.0% (95% CrI 70.8-80.3%) in Manaus. Seroprevalence was consistently smaller in women and donors older than 55 years. The age-specific infection fatality rate (IFR) differed between cities and consistently increased with age. The infection hospitalisation rate increased significantly during the Gamma-dominated second wave in Manaus, suggesting increased morbidity of the Gamma VOC compared to previous variants circulating in Manaus. The higher disease penetrance associated with the health system's collapse increased the overall IFR by a minimum factor of 2.91 (95% CrI 2.43-3.53). Conclusions These results highlight the utility of blood donor serosurveillance to track epidemic maturity and demonstrate demographic and spatial heterogeneity in SARS-CoV-2 spread. Funding This work was supported by Itaú Unibanco 'Todos pela Saude' program; FAPESP (grants 18/14389-0, 2019/21585-0); Wellcome Trust and Royal Society Sir Henry Dale Fellowship 204311/Z/16/Z; the Gates Foundation (INV- 034540 and INV-034652); REDS-IV-P (grant HHSN268201100007I); the UK Medical Research Council (MR/S0195/1, MR/V038109/1); CAPES; CNPq (304714/2018-6); Fundação Faculdade de Medicina; Programa Inova Fiocruz-CE/Funcap - Edital 01/2020 Number: FIO-0167-00065.01.00/20 SPU N°06531047/2020; JBS - Fazer o bem faz bem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Prete
- Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | | | - Charles Whittaker
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Tassila Salomon
- Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | | | | | - Isabel CG Moura
- Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fabio Miyajima
- Fundação Oswaldo CruzManguinhosBrazil
- Universidade Federal do CearáFortalezaBrazil
| | | | | | - Nanci A Salles
- Fundação Pró Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo (FPS)São PauloBrazil
| | | | | | - Luana M de Souza
- Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Paraná (HEMEPAR)CuritibaBrazil
| | - Luciane K Schier
- Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Paraná (HEMEPAR)CuritibaBrazil
| | - Patricia M Inoue
- Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Paraná (HEMEPAR)CuritibaBrazil
| | - Lilyane A Xabregas
- Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM)ManausBrazil
| | - Myuki AE Crispim
- Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM)ManausBrazil
| | - Nelson Fraiji
- Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM)ManausBrazil
| | | | - Luciana MB Carlos
- Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Ceará (HEMOCE)FortalezaBrazil
| | - Veridiana Pessoa
- Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Ceará (HEMOCE)FortalezaBrazil
| | | | | | | | - Anna F Cavalcante
- Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia de Pernambuco (HEMOPE)RecifeBrazil
| | - Maria IB Valença
- Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia de Pernambuco (HEMOPE)RecifeBrazil
| | - Maria V da Silva
- Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia de Pernambuco (HEMOPE)RecifeBrazil
| | - Esther Lopes
- Instituto Estadual de Hematologia Arthur de Siqueira Cavalcanti (HEMORIO)Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Luiz A Filho
- Instituto Estadual de Hematologia Arthur de Siqueira Cavalcanti (HEMORIO)Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Sheila OG Mateos
- Instituto Estadual de Hematologia Arthur de Siqueira Cavalcanti (HEMORIO)Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Gabrielle T Nunes
- Fundação Oswaldo CruzManguinhosBrazil
- Instituto Estadual de Hematologia Arthur de Siqueira Cavalcanti (HEMORIO)Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Alexander L Silva-Junior
- Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM)ManausBrazil
- Universidade Federal do AmazonasManausBrazil
- Centro Universitário do NorteManausBrazil
| | - Michael P Busch
- Vitalant Research InstituteSan FranscicoUnited States
- University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | | | - Christopher Dye
- Department of Zoology, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Nuno R Faria
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Zoology, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Vítor H Nascimento
- Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Ester C Sabino
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
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7
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Peled Y, Patel JK, Afek A, Mandelboim M. Kinetics of cellular and humoral responses to third BNT162B2 COVID-19 vaccine over six months in heart transplant recipients - implications for the omicron variant: Correspondence. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022; 41:1649-1650. [PMID: 35961828 PMCID: PMC9303061 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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8
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Cuadrado A, Del Barrio M, Fortea JI, Amigo L, San Segundo D, Rodriguez-Cundin MP, Rebollo MH, Fernandez-Santiago R, Castillo F, Achalandabaso M, Echeverri J, Anderson EJ, Rodríguez-Sanjuan JC, López-Hoyos M, Crespo J, Fábrega E. Antibody response to the messenger RNA-1273 vaccine (Moderna) in liver transplant recipients. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:1673-1679. [PMID: 35344281 PMCID: PMC9110949 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Different reports have shown the clinical and serologic response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines in preventing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the general population, but few studies have examined these responses in transplant recipients. We assessed the vaccine immunogenicity of two doses (100 μg) of the mRNA-1273 vaccine (Moderna) administered with a 28-day interval in liver transplant recipients (LTRs) at follow-up at the Marques de Valdecilla University Hospital. LTRs without a history of COVID-19 infection were tested for SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies directed against the spike protein (S) a median of 43 days after receiving the second Moderna vaccine dose. Clinical data, including immunosuppressive regimen and routine laboratory data, were obtained from the medical record of each patient up to 3 months before the date of the first vaccination. Factors associated with serologic response were evaluated through logistic regression. In total, 129 LTRs who had anti-S results were included. Most patients were men (n = 99; 76.7%) with a median age of 63 years (interquartile range, 56-68). Alcohol (43.4%) and chronic hepatitis C (18.6%) were the most frequent causes of liver transplantation. A positive anti-S IgG response was observed in 113 LTRs (87.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 80.8-92.2). A strong inverse relationship between mycophenolate mofetil use and serologic response was found (odds ratio, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.02-0.26; p = 0.001). Conclusion: Most LTRs develop an immunological response to the Moderna SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-based vaccine. An immunosuppressive regimen that includes mycophenolate predicts a weak serologic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cuadrado
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMarqués de Valdecilla University HospitalSantanderSpain.,Clinical and Translational Digestive Research GroupUniversity of CantabriaInstituto de investigación sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL)SantanderSpain
| | - María Del Barrio
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMarqués de Valdecilla University HospitalSantanderSpain.,Clinical and Translational Digestive Research GroupUniversity of CantabriaInstituto de investigación sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL)SantanderSpain
| | - José Ignacio Fortea
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMarqués de Valdecilla University HospitalSantanderSpain.,Clinical and Translational Digestive Research GroupUniversity of CantabriaInstituto de investigación sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL)SantanderSpain
| | - Lidia Amigo
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMarqués de Valdecilla University HospitalSantanderSpain.,Clinical and Translational Digestive Research GroupUniversity of CantabriaInstituto de investigación sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL)SantanderSpain
| | - David San Segundo
- Department of ImmunologyMarqués de Valdecilla University HospitalIDIVALSantanderSpain
| | | | - María Henar Rebollo
- Department of Preventive MedicineMarqués de Valdecilla University HospitalCantabriaSpain
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Santiago
- Department of General SurgeryMarqués de Valdecilla University HospitalSantanderSpain.,IDIVALSchool of MedicineUniversity of CantabriaSantanderSpain
| | - Federico Castillo
- Department of General SurgeryMarqués de Valdecilla University HospitalSantanderSpain.,IDIVALSchool of MedicineUniversity of CantabriaSantanderSpain
| | - Maria Achalandabaso
- Department of General SurgeryMarqués de Valdecilla University HospitalSantanderSpain.,IDIVALSchool of MedicineUniversity of CantabriaSantanderSpain
| | - Juan Echeverri
- Department of General SurgeryMarqués de Valdecilla University HospitalSantanderSpain.,IDIVALSchool of MedicineUniversity of CantabriaSantanderSpain
| | - Edward J Anderson
- Department of General SurgeryMarqués de Valdecilla University HospitalSantanderSpain.,IDIVALSchool of MedicineUniversity of CantabriaSantanderSpain
| | - Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Sanjuan
- Department of General SurgeryMarqués de Valdecilla University HospitalSantanderSpain.,IDIVALSchool of MedicineUniversity of CantabriaSantanderSpain
| | - Marcos López-Hoyos
- Department of ImmunologyMarqués de Valdecilla University HospitalIDIVALSantanderSpain
| | - Javier Crespo
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMarqués de Valdecilla University HospitalSantanderSpain.,Clinical and Translational Digestive Research GroupUniversity of CantabriaInstituto de investigación sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL)SantanderSpain
| | - Emilio Fábrega
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMarqués de Valdecilla University HospitalSantanderSpain.,Clinical and Translational Digestive Research GroupUniversity of CantabriaInstituto de investigación sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL)SantanderSpain
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9
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Colton H, Hodgson D, Hornsby H, Brown R, Mckenzie J, Bradley KL, James C, Lindsey BB, Birch S, Marsh L, Wood S, Bayley M, Dickson G, James DC, Nicklin MJ, Sayers JR, Zafred D, Rowland-Jones SL, Kudesia G, Kucharski A, Darton TC, de Silva TI, Collini PJ. Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence following the first pandemic wave in UK healthcare workers in a large NHS Foundation Trust. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 6:220. [PMID: 35600250 PMCID: PMC9091808 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17143.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We aimed to measure SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in a cohort of healthcare workers (HCWs) during the first UK wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, explore risk factors associated with infection, and investigate the impact of antibody titres on assay sensitivity. Methods: HCWs at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust were prospectively enrolled and sampled at two time points. We developed an in-house ELISA for testing participant serum for SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA reactivity against Spike and Nucleoprotein. Data were analysed using three statistical models: a seroprevalence model, an antibody kinetics model, and a heterogeneous sensitivity model. Results: Our in-house assay had a sensitivity of 99·47% and specificity of 99·56%. We found that 24·4% (n=311/1275) of HCWs were seropositive as of 12th June 2020. Of these, 39·2% (n=122/311) were asymptomatic. The highest adjusted seroprevalence was measured in HCWs on the Acute Medical Unit (41·1%, 95% CrI 30·0-52·9) and in Physiotherapists and Occupational Therapists (39·2%, 95% CrI 24·4-56·5). Older age groups showed overall higher median antibody titres. Further modelling suggests that, for a serological assay with an overall sensitivity of 80%, antibody titres may be markedly affected by differences in age, with sensitivity estimates of 89% in those over 60 years but 61% in those ≤30 years. Conclusions: HCWs in acute medical units and those working closely with COVID-19 patients were at highest risk of infection, though whether these are infections acquired from patients or other staff is unknown. Current serological assays may underestimate seroprevalence in younger age groups if validated using sera from older and/or more severe COVID-19 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Colton
- South Yorkshire Regional Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - David Hodgson
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Hailey Hornsby
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Rebecca Brown
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Joanne Mckenzie
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Kirsty L. Bradley
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Cameron James
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Benjamin B. Lindsey
- South Yorkshire Regional Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Sarah Birch
- Academic Directorate of Communicable Diseases and Specialised Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
| | - Louise Marsh
- Academic Directorate of Communicable Diseases and Specialised Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
| | - Steven Wood
- Department of Scientific Computing and Informatics, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
| | - Martin Bayley
- Department of Scientific Computing and Informatics, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
| | - Gary Dickson
- Department of Scientific Computing and Informatics, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
| | - David C. James
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Martin J. Nicklin
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Jon R. Sayers
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Domen Zafred
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Sarah L. Rowland-Jones
- South Yorkshire Regional Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Goura Kudesia
- Department of Virology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S5 7AU, UK
| | - Adam Kucharski
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - CMMID COVID-19 Working Group
- South Yorkshire Regional Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
- Academic Directorate of Communicable Diseases and Specialised Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
- Department of Scientific Computing and Informatics, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Virology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S5 7AU, UK
| | - Thomas C. Darton
- South Yorkshire Regional Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Thushan I. de Silva
- South Yorkshire Regional Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Paul J. Collini
- South Yorkshire Regional Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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10
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Jiménez D, Torres Arias M. Immunouniverse of SARS-CoV-2. Immunol Med 2022; 45:186-224. [PMID: 35502127 DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2022.2066251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 virus has become a global health problem that has caused millions of deaths worldwide. The infection can present with multiple clinical features ranging from asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients to patients with severe or critical illness that can even lead to death. Although the immune system plays an important role in pathogen control, SARS-CoV-2 can drive dysregulation of this response and trigger severe immunopathology. Exploring the mechanisms of the immune response involved in host defense against SARS-CoV-2 allows us to understand its immunopathogenesis and possibly detect features that can be used as potential therapies to eliminate the virus. The main objective of this review on SARS-CoV-2 is to highlight the interaction between the virus and the immune response. We explore the function and action of the immune system, the expression of molecules at the site of infection that cause hyperinflammation and hypercoagulation disorders, the factors leading to the development of pneumonia and subsequent severe acute respiratory distress syndrome which is the leading cause of death in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Jiménez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y Agricultura, Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Marbel Torres Arias
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y Agricultura, Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, Pichincha, Ecuador.,Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, CENCINAT, GISAH, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, Sangolquí, Pichincha, Ecuador
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11
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Poehlein E, Rane MS, Frogel D, Kulkarni S, Gainus C, Profeta A, Robertson M, Nash D. Presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies following COVID-19 diagnosis: A longitudinal study of patients at a major urgent care provider in New York. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 103:115720. [PMID: 35691106 PMCID: PMC9065597 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2022.115720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The duration of antibody persistence following natural infection is unclear. We examined routine SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic and serological testing data on 6522 persons diagnosed between March 2020 and March 2021 who had at least 1 antibody test ≥30 days after diagnosis at CityMD, an urgent care provider. Using survival analysis, we estimated the median duration of detectable anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and hazard of seroreversion by demographic and clinical characteristics. We found that over 90% (95% CI: 91.8%, 94.8%) of the study population had detectable levels of antibodies at 180 days post diagnosis and that SARS-CoV-2 antibodies persisted at a detectable level for a median duration of 342 days following infection (95% CI: 328, 361). Additionally, there were differences in antibody persistence by age, with older patients less likely to serorevert compared to younger patients. These findings suggest that protection from natural infection may wane with time and differ by demographic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Poehlein
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York. New York, NY USA.
| | - Madhura S Rane
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York. New York, NY USA
| | | | - Sarah Kulkarni
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York. New York, NY USA
| | | | | | - McKaylee Robertson
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York. New York, NY USA
| | - Denis Nash
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York. New York, NY USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York. New York, NY USA
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12
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Choi HW, Jeon CH, Won EJ, Kang SJ, Lee SY, Kee SJ. Performance of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Serological Diagnostic Tests and Antibody Kinetics in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:881038. [PMID: 35495639 PMCID: PMC9048255 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.881038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Serological testing is recommended to support the detection of undiagnosed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. However, the performance of serological assays has not been sufficiently evaluated. Hence, the performance of six severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) binding antibody assays [three chemiluminescence (CLIAs) and three lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs)] and a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) was analyzed in a total of 988 serum samples comprising 389 COVID-19-positives and 599 COVID-19-negatives. The overall diagnostic sensitivities of CLIAs and LFIAs ranged from 54.2 to 56.6% and from 56.3 to 64.3%, respectively. The overall diagnostic specificities of CLIAs and LFIAs ranged from 98.2 to 99.8% and from 97.3 to 99.0%, respectively. In the symptomatic group (n = 321), the positivity rate increased by over 80% in all assays > 14 days after symptom onset. In the asymptomatic group (n = 68), the positivity rate increased by over 80% in all assays > 21 days after initial RT-PCR detection. In LFIAs, negatively interpreted trace bands accounted for the changes in test performance. Most false-positive results were weak or trace reactions and showed negative results in additional sVNT. For six binding antibody assays, the overall agreement percentages ranged from 91.0 to 97.8%. The median inhibition activity of sVNT was significantly higher in the symptomatic group than in the asymptomatic group (50.0% vs. 29.2%; p < 0.0001). The median times to seropositivity in the symptomatic group were 9.7 days for CLIA-IgG, 9.2 and 9.8 days for two CLIAs-Total (IgM + IgG), 7.7 days for LFIA-IgM, 9.2 days for LFIA-IgG, and 8.8 days for sVNT-IgG, respectively. There was a strong positive correlation between the quantitative results of the four binding antibody assays and sVNT with Spearman ρ-values ranging from 0.746 to 0.854. In particular, when using LFIAs, we recommend using more objective interpretable assays or establishing a band interpretation system for each laboratory, accompanied by observer training. We also anticipate that sVNT will play an essential role in SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing and become the practical routine neutralizing antibody assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Woo Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Bitgoeul Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Chae-Hyeon Jeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Won
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Seung-Ji Kang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnam National University Bitgoeul Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Seung Yeob Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Hospital and Medical School, Jeonju-si, South Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju-si, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Seung Yeob Lee,
| | - Seung-Jung Kee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
- Seung-Jung Kee,
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13
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Becchetti C, Broekhoven AGC, Dahlqvist G, Fraga M, Zambelli MF, Ciccarelli O, Saouli AC, Trizzino A, Banz V, Dufour JF, Roukens AHE, Torres Morales SP, Myeni SK, Kikkert M, Feltkamp MCW, Coenraad MJ. Humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 infection among liver transplant recipients. Gut 2022; 71:746-756. [PMID: 34987065 PMCID: PMC8753112 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immunosuppressive agents are known to interfere with T and/or B lymphocytes, which are required to mount an adequate serologic response. Therefore, we aim to investigate the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in liver transplant (LT) recipients after COVID-19. DESIGN Prospective multicentre case-control study, analysing antibodies against the nucleocapsid protein, spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 and their neutralising activity in LT recipients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19-LT) compared with immunocompetent patients (COVID-19-immunocompetent) and LT recipients without COVID-19 symptoms (non-COVID-19-LT). RESULTS Overall, 35 LT recipients were included in the COVID-19-LT cohort. 35 and 70 subjects fulfilling the matching criteria were assigned to the COVID-19-immunocompetent and non-COVID-19-LT cohorts, respectively. We showed that LT recipients, despite immunosuppression and less symptoms, mounted a detectable antinucleocapsid antibody titre in 80% of the cases, although significantly lower compared with the COVID-19-immunocompetent cohort (3.73 vs 7.36 index level, p<0.001). When analysing anti-S antibody response, no difference in positivity rate was found between the COVID-19-LT and COVID-19-immunocompetent cohorts (97.1% vs 100%, p=0.314). Functional antibody testing showed neutralising activity in 82.9% of LT recipients (vs 100% in COVID-19-immunocompetent cohort, p=0.024). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the humoral response of LT recipients is only slightly lower than expected, compared with COVID-19 immunocompetent controls. Testing for anti-S antibodies alone can lead to an overestimation of the neutralising ability in LT recipients. Altogether, routine antibody testing against separate SARS-CoV-2 antigens and functional testing show that the far majority of LT patients are capable of mounting an adequate antibody response with neutralising ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Becchetti
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Annelotte G C Broekhoven
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Géraldine Dahlqvist
- Hepatogastroenterology Unit, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Montserrat Fraga
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Fabrizio Zambelli
- Department of Surgery, General Surgery and Abdominal Transplant Unit, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Olga Ciccarelli
- Department of Abdominal Surgery and Transplantation, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne-Catherine Saouli
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Transplantation Center, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arianna Trizzino
- Department of Surgery, General Surgery and Abdominal Transplant Unit, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Vanessa Banz
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jean-François Dufour
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna H E Roukens
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Shessy P Torres Morales
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Sebenzile K Myeni
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Kikkert
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Mariet C W Feltkamp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Minneke J Coenraad
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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14
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Colton H, Hodgson D, Hornsby H, Brown R, Mckenzie J, Bradley KL, James C, Lindsey BB, Birch S, Marsh L, Wood S, Bayley M, Dickson G, James DC, Nicklin MJ, Sayers JR, Zafred D, Rowland-Jones SL, Kudesia G, Kucharski A, Darton TC, de Silva TI, Collini PJ. Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence following the first pandemic wave in UK healthcare workers in a large NHS Foundation Trust. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 6:220. [PMID: 35600250 PMCID: PMC9091808 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17143.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We aimed to measure SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in a cohort of healthcare workers (HCWs) during the first UK wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, explore risk factors associated with infection, and investigate the impact of antibody titres on assay sensitivity. Methods: HCWs at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust were prospectively enrolled and sampled at two time points. We developed an in-house ELISA for testing participant serum for SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA reactivity against Spike and Nucleoprotein. Data were analysed using three statistical models: a seroprevalence model, an antibody kinetics model, and a heterogeneous sensitivity model. Results: Our in-house assay had a sensitivity of 99·47% and specificity of 99·56%. We found that 24·4% (n=311/1275) of HCWs were seropositive as of 12th June 2020. Of these, 39·2% (n=122/311) were asymptomatic. The highest adjusted seroprevalence was measured in HCWs on the Acute Medical Unit (41·1%, 95% CrI 30·0-52·9) and in Physiotherapists and Occupational Therapists (39·2%, 95% CrI 24·4-56·5). Older age groups showed overall higher median antibody titres. Further modelling suggests that, for a serological assay with an overall sensitivity of 80%, antibody titres may be markedly affected by differences in age, with sensitivity estimates of 89% in those over 60 years but 61% in those ≤30 years. Conclusions: HCWs in acute medical units and those working closely with COVID-19 patients were at highest risk of infection, though whether these are infections acquired from patients or other staff is unknown. Current serological assays may underestimate seroprevalence in younger age groups if validated using sera from older and/or more severe COVID-19 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Colton
- South Yorkshire Regional Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - David Hodgson
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Hailey Hornsby
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Rebecca Brown
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Joanne Mckenzie
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Kirsty L. Bradley
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Cameron James
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Benjamin B. Lindsey
- South Yorkshire Regional Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Sarah Birch
- Academic Directorate of Communicable Diseases and Specialised Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
| | - Louise Marsh
- Academic Directorate of Communicable Diseases and Specialised Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
| | - Steven Wood
- Department of Scientific Computing and Informatics, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
| | - Martin Bayley
- Department of Scientific Computing and Informatics, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
| | - Gary Dickson
- Department of Scientific Computing and Informatics, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
| | - David C. James
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Martin J. Nicklin
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Jon R. Sayers
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Domen Zafred
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Sarah L. Rowland-Jones
- South Yorkshire Regional Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Goura Kudesia
- Department of Virology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S5 7AU, UK
| | - Adam Kucharski
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - CMMID COVID-19 Working Group
- South Yorkshire Regional Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
- Academic Directorate of Communicable Diseases and Specialised Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
- Department of Scientific Computing and Informatics, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Virology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S5 7AU, UK
| | - Thomas C. Darton
- South Yorkshire Regional Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Thushan I. de Silva
- South Yorkshire Regional Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Paul J. Collini
- South Yorkshire Regional Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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15
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Patel R, Khare S, Mahajan VS. Alternative Methods to Detect Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibodies. Clin Lab Med 2022; 42:57-73. [PMID: 35153048 PMCID: PMC8563348 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the development, validation, and rapid adoption of multiple novel diagnostic approaches. Hundreds of SARS-CoV-2 serologic assays have been developed and deployed to contain the spread of the virus, and to supply timely and important health information. Most of these serologic assays were based on a conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or the lateral flow assay format. The immunoassays that were developed were based on alternative technologies and are highlighted in this article with a brief discussion of the assay principle and the pros and cons for each assay. Measurement of neutralizing antibodies is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Patel
- Micelio Labs, 58, 15th Cross Road, 2nd Phase, J P Nagar, Bengaluru 560078, India
| | - Siddharth Khare
- Micelio Labs, 58, 15th Cross Road, 2nd Phase, J P Nagar, Bengaluru 560078, India
| | - Vinay S. Mahajan
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Corresponding author. Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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16
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Mattila JP, Amaro A, Longo M, Antaki J, Koirala S, Gandini A. RapidQ: A reader-free microfluidic platform for the quantitation of antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:024105. [PMID: 35356130 PMCID: PMC8933056 DOI: 10.1063/5.0079054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We describe RapidQ, a fast, disposable, easy-to-use microfluidic assay for the quantitation of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein IgG in plasma samples. The assay utilizes antigen-coated paramagnetic microbeads, which are induced to aggregate inside the RapidQ microfluidic device in the presence of the target antibody. Aggregation occurs via interaction between the biotinylated detection antibody and polymeric streptavidin. The mobility of the beads inside the two microchannels of the device depends on their aggregation state, with larger clusters moving at higher velocities under a given liquid flow rate. One of the microchannels incorporates a permanent magnet that captures arriving beads and forms a localized constriction that retards liquid flow. Since the constriction grows faster when the beads are more aggregated, the length of the liquid column accumulated downstream from the constriction relative to that of the unconstricted control channel is proportional to the sample antibody concentration. The assay demonstrates a detection limit of 4 μg/ml of monoclonal anti-S protein antibody diluted in plasma with CV ≤ 13%, as well as negative and positive percent agreements of 100% (95% CI: 92.75%-100%) and 100% (95% CI: 80.5%-100%), respectively, when compared to a nucleic acid amplification test used to identify COVID-19 positive individuals, whose samples were collected ≥17 d from a positive PCR test. Finally, the RapidQ assay was used to monitor the kinetics of antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccination in a small study cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arlene Amaro
- Accel Diagnostics, LLC, Houston, Texas 77057, USA
| | - Monica Longo
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - James Antaki
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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17
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Toraldo DM, Satriano F, Rollo R, Verdastro G, Imbriani G, Rizzo E, Argentiero A, Falco A, Ambrosino P, Miani A, Piscitelli P. COVID-19 IgG/IgM patterns, early IL-6 elevation and long-term radiological sequelae in 75 patients hospitalized due to interstitial pneumonia followed up from 3 to 12 months. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262911. [PMID: 35192635 PMCID: PMC8863277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 pandemic resulted in about 165 million infections and 3.4 million deaths all over the world across 15 months. The most severe clinical presentation of COVID-19 diseases is interstitial pneumonia. METHODS In this paper we describe clinical outcomes based on radiological features as well as the pattern of haematochemical parameters and IgG/IgM antibodies in 75 patients hospitalized due to COVID-related interstitial pneumonia not requiring intensive care assistance. Each patient underwent routine laboratory tests, including inflammatory markers and coagulation profile at baseline. Computed Tomography (CT) was performed at baseline and after 3 months to assess the persistence of radiological sequelae. A Generalized Linear Model (GLM) was used to test for each patient the association between individual haematochemical parameters at the time of hospital admission and the subsequent radiological features after three months. The presence of IgG antibodies was quantitatively determined in 70 patients at the time of hospital admission and after 3 months. A subgroup of 49 and 21 patients underwent additional dosage of IgG after 6 and 12 months, respectively. IgM serological antibodies were available for 17 patients at baseline and 61 at T3, with additional follow-up for 51 and 20 subjects after 6 and 12 months, respectively. RESULTS Only 28 out of 75 patients discharged from the hospital were totally healed after 3 months, while 47 patients (62.7%) still presented radiological sequelae. According to the GLM model, specific haematochemical baseline parameters-such as IL-6, GPT, platelets and eosinophil count-showed a statistically significant association with the presence of radiological sequelae at month 3 highlighting an OR = 0.5, thus meaning that subjects completely healed after 3 months presented half levels of IL-6 at baseline compared to patients with sequelae. In general, IgG serum levels were always higher than IgM at the time of hospitalization (75% at T0; n = 12 out of 16 patients with data available in both visits), after 3 months (72.1%; n = 44 out of 61 pts.), after 6 months (56.8%; 25 out of 44 pts.), and one year after hospitalization (60%; 12 out of 20 pts.). Overall, IgG and IgM serum levels presented a statistically significant decreasing trend from the baseline to month 3, 6 and 12. One patient presented an increase in IgM between baseline and month 3 but negative PCR test for SARS-COV2 on throat swab. CONCLUSIONS As supported by our findings on 75 patients, COVID-related interstitial pneumonia triggers early IgG levels (higher than IgM) that gradually decrease over 12 months. Mid-term sequelae are still detectable at lung Computed Tomography after 3 months from the hospital admission. Occasionally, it is possible to observe increase of IgM levels in presence of low concentrations of IgG and negative PCR ELISA tests for SARS-COV2 RNA. Baseline levels of IL-6 could be proposed as predictor of radiological mid/long-term sequelae after COVID-related interstitial pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Maurizio Toraldo
- Department of Rehabilitation, Cardiorespiratory Rehabilitation Unit–“V. Fazzi Hospital”, Local Health Authority ASL Le, Lecce, Italy–Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesco Satriano
- Covid Sub-intensive Respiratory Unit–“V. Fazzi Hospital”, Local Health Authority ASL Le, Lecce, Italy–Lecce, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Falco
- Department of Sciences and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Paolo Ambrosino
- Department of Sciences and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Alessandro Miani
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Italian Society of Environmental Medicine (SIMA), Milan, Italy
| | - Prisco Piscitelli
- Local Health Authority, ASL Le, Lecce, Italy
- Italian Society of Environmental Medicine (SIMA), Milan, Italy
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18
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Bianco A, Capozzi L, Del Sambro L, Simone D, Pace L, Rondinone V, Difato LM, Miccolupo A, Manzari C, Fedele A, Parisi A. Persistent SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Patient With Non-hodgkin Lymphoma: Intra-Host Genomic Diversity Analysis. FRONTIERS IN VIROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fviro.2022.758191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a pandemic, threatening global public health. Several cases of persistent infection have been described, but there are few reports that compared the genetic variability among samples collected from the patient during infection. In the current study, we reported a viral genetic analysis of a diabetic male patient with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma affected by persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection. We sequenced the patient-derived viral isolated both from oro/nasopharyngeal swab and VeroE6 cell line, collected from the same patient at different points of the infection. Due to the insufficient material of the second swab received, in order to obtain a complete coverage of the viral genome, it was convenient to perform a virus isolation after cell culture. Both genomes belonged to Pangolin Lineage B.1, Nextstrain clade 20A and GISAID clade G. The mutation spectrum predicted for the two viral genomes reveal three additionally mutations in the sequence of second sample when compared with mutations set identified in the first sample. Our findings show the evolution of the intra-host variability during the course of a long-lasting infection.
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19
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Helguera-Repetto AC, Villegas-Mota I, Arredondo-Pulido GI, Cardona-Pérez JA, León-Juárez M, Rivera-Rueda MA, Arreola-Ramírez G, Mateu-Rogell P, Acevedo-Gallegos S, López-Navarrete GE, Valdespino-Vázquez MY, Martínez-Salazar G, Rodríguez-Bosch M, Coronado-Zarco IA, Castillo-Gutiérrez MDR, Cuevas-Jiménez CA, Moreno-Verduzco ER, Espino-Y-Sosa S, Cortés-Bonilla M, Irles C. Cord Blood SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies and Their Association With Maternal Immunity and Neonatal Outcomes. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:883185. [PMID: 35844759 PMCID: PMC9277091 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.883185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Passive transplacental immunity is crucial for neonatal protection from infections. Data on the correlation between neonatal immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and protection from adverse outcomes is scarce. This work aimed to describe neonatal seropositivity in the context of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection, seropositivity, and neonatal outcomes. This retrospective nested case-control study enrolled high-risk pregnant women with a SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive test who gave birth at the Instituto Nacional de Perinatología in Mexico City and their term neonates. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in maternal and cord blood samples were detected using a chemiluminescent assay. In total, 63 mother-neonate dyads (mean gestational age 38.4 weeks) were included. Transplacental transfer of SARS-CoV-2 IgG occurred in 76% of neonates from seropositive mothers. A positive association between maternal IgG levels and Cycle threshold (Ct) values of RT-qPCR test for SARS-CoV-2 with neonatal IgG levels was observed. Regarding neonatal outcomes, most seropositive neonates did not require any mechanical ventilation, and none developed any respiratory morbidity (either in the COVID-19 positive or negative groups) compared to 7 seronegative neonates. Furthermore, the odds of neonatal respiratory morbidity exhibited a tendency to decrease when neonatal IgG levels increase. These results add further evidence suggesting passive IgG transfer importance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Villegas-Mota
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Moises León-Juárez
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Paloma Mateu-Rogell
- Clinical Research Subdivision, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Acevedo-Gallegos
- Department of Materno-Fetal Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Mario Rodríguez-Bosch
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Subdivision, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Claudine Irles
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Development, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
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20
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Uysal BB, Yavuzer S, Islamoglu MS, Cengiz M. Measurement of antibody levels in patients with COVID-19 over time by immunofluorescence assay: a longitudinal observational study. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605211069279. [PMID: 34986676 PMCID: PMC8744174 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211069279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, antibody screening is a critical tool to assess anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunity. We examined variation in antibody titers associated with age and sex among patients with confirmed COVID-19. METHODS Blood IgG levels were tested in 1081 patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) tests between 1 September and 31 December 2020. Patients who did not experience reinfection were identified. Serum IgG levels were measured by immunofluorescence assay. Antibody positivity and antibody titers were analyzed according to time since infection, sex, and age. RESULTS The mean (standard deviation) age was 41.2 (14.2) years and 41.2% of patients were women. The lowest antibody positivity rate between the first and ninth month post-infection was detected in the sixth month. The lowest antibody titers among patients aged 20 to 80 years occurred in those aged 30 to 39 years. The IgG titer was positively correlated with age in years (r = 0.125) and decades (r = 0.126). CONCLUSIONS Six months after infection, anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers increased. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers also increased with age. Immunity and pathogenicity should be investigated in addition to antibody positivity rates and antibody titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Borku Uysal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biruni University
Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Yavuzer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biruni University
Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sami Islamoglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biruni University
Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mahir Cengiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biruni University
Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
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21
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Colton H, Hodgson D, Hornsby H, Brown R, Mckenzie J, Bradley KL, James C, Lindsey BB, Birch S, Marsh L, Wood S, Bayley M, Dickson G, James DC, Nicklin MJ, Sayers JR, Zafred D, Rowland-Jones SL, Kudesia G, Kucharski A, Darton TC, de Silva TI, Collini PJ. Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence following the first pandemic wave in UK healthcare workers in a large NHS Foundation Trust. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 6:220. [PMID: 35600250 PMCID: PMC9091808 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17143.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We aimed to measure SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in a cohort of healthcare workers (HCWs) during the first UK wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, explore risk factors associated with infection, and investigate the impact of antibody titres on assay sensitivity. Methods: HCWs at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust were prospectively enrolled and sampled at two time points. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were tested using an in-house assay for IgG and IgA reactivity against Spike and Nucleoprotein (sensitivity 99·47%, specificity 99·56%). Data were analysed using three statistical models: a seroprevalence model, an antibody kinetics model, and a heterogeneous sensitivity model. Results: As of 12th June 2020, 24·4% (n=311/1275) of HCWs were seropositive. Of these, 39·2% (n=122/311) were asymptomatic. The highest adjusted seroprevalence was measured in HCWs on the Acute Medical Unit (41·1%, 95% CrI 30·0-52·9) and in Physiotherapists and Occupational Therapists (39·2%, 95% CrI 24·4-56·5). Older age groups showed overall higher median antibody titres. Further modelling suggests that, for a serological assay with an overall sensitivity of 80%, antibody titres may be markedly affected by differences in age, with sensitivity estimates of 89% in those over 60 years but 61% in those ≤30 years. Conclusions: HCWs in acute medical units working closely with COVID-19 patients were at highest risk of infection, though whether these are infections acquired from patients or other staff is unknown. Current serological assays may underestimate seroprevalence in younger age groups if validated using sera from older and/or more symptomatic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Colton
- South Yorkshire Regional Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - David Hodgson
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Hailey Hornsby
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Rebecca Brown
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Joanne Mckenzie
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Kirsty L. Bradley
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Cameron James
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Benjamin B. Lindsey
- South Yorkshire Regional Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Sarah Birch
- Academic Directorate of Communicable Diseases and Specialised Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
| | - Louise Marsh
- Academic Directorate of Communicable Diseases and Specialised Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
| | - Steven Wood
- Department of Scientific Computing and Informatics, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
| | - Martin Bayley
- Department of Scientific Computing and Informatics, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
| | - Gary Dickson
- Department of Scientific Computing and Informatics, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
| | - David C. James
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Martin J. Nicklin
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Jon R. Sayers
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Domen Zafred
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Sarah L. Rowland-Jones
- South Yorkshire Regional Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Goura Kudesia
- Department of Virology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S5 7AU, UK
| | - Adam Kucharski
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - CMMID COVID-19 Working Group
- South Yorkshire Regional Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
- Academic Directorate of Communicable Diseases and Specialised Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
- Department of Scientific Computing and Informatics, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Virology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S5 7AU, UK
| | - Thomas C. Darton
- South Yorkshire Regional Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Thushan I. de Silva
- South Yorkshire Regional Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Paul J. Collini
- South Yorkshire Regional Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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22
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Hodgson D, Colton H, Hornsby H, Brown R, Mckenzie J, Bradley KL, James C, Lindsey BB, Birch S, Marsh L, Wood S, Bayley M, Dickson G, James DC, Nicklin MJH, Sayers JR, Zafred D, Rowland-Jones SL, Kudesia G, Kucharski A, Darton TC, de Silva TI, Collini PJ. Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence following the first pandemic wave in UK healthcare workers in a large NHS Foundation Trust. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2021:2021.07.07.21260151. [PMID: 34268521 PMCID: PMC8282110 DOI: 10.1101/2021.07.07.21260151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to measure SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in a cohort of healthcare workers (HCWs) during the first UK wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, explore risk factors associated with infection, and investigate the impact of antibody titres on assay sensitivity. METHODS HCWs at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (STH) were prospectively enrolled and sampled at two time points. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were tested using an in-house assay for IgG and IgA reactivity against Spike and Nucleoprotein (sensitivity 99·47%, specificity 99·56%). Data were analysed using three statistical models: a seroprevalence model, an antibody kinetics model, and a heterogeneous sensitivity model. FINDINGS As of 12th June 2020, 24·4% (n=311/1275) HCWs were seropositive. Of these, 39·2% (n=122/311) were asymptomatic. The highest adjusted seroprevalence was measured in HCWs on the Acute Medical Unit (41·1%, 95% CrI 30·0-52·9) and in Physiotherapists and Occupational Therapists (39·2%, 95% CrI 24·4-56·5). Older age groups showed overall higher median antibody titres. Further modelling suggests that, for a serological assay with an overall sensitivity of 80%, antibody titres may be markedly affected by differences in age, with sensitivity estimates of 89% in those over 60 years but 61% in those ≤30 years. INTERPRETATION HCWs in acute medical units working closely with COVID-19 patients were at highest risk of infection, though whether these are infections acquired from patients or other staff is unknown. Current serological assays may underestimate seroprevalence in younger age groups if validated using sera from older and/or more symptomatic individuals. RESEARCH IN CONTEXT Evidence before this study: We searched PubMed for studies published up to March 6th 2021, using the terms "COVID", "SARS-CoV-2", "seroprevalence", and "healthcare workers", and in addition for articles of antibody titres in different age groups against coronaviruses using "coronavirus", "SARS-CoV-2, "antibody", "antibody tires", "COVID" and "age". We included studies that used serology to estimate prevalence in healthcare workers. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence has been shown to be greater in healthcare workers working on acute medical units or within domestic services. Antibody levels against seasonal coronaviruses, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 were found to be higher in older adults, and patients who were hospitalised.Added value of this study: In this healthcare worker seroprevalence modelling study at a large NHS foundation trust, we confirm that those working on acute medical units, COVID-19 "Red Zones" and within domestic services are most likely to be seropositive. Furthermore, we show that physiotherapists and occupational therapists have an increased risk of COVID-19 infection. We also confirm that antibody titres are greater in older individuals, even in the context of non-hospitalised cases. Importantly, we demonstrate that this can result in age-specific sensitivity in serological assays, where lower antibody titres in younger individuals results in lower assay sensitivity.Implications of all the available evidence: There are distinct occupational roles and locations in hospitals where the risk of COVID-19 infection to healthcare workers is greatest, and this knowledge should be used to prioritise infection prevention control and other measures to protect healthcare workers. Serological assays may have different sensitivity profiles across different age groups, especially if assay validation was undertaken using samples from older and/or hospitalised patients, who tend to have higher antibody titres. Future seroprevalence studies should consider adjusting for age-specific assay sensitivities to estimate true seroprevalence rates. AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hodgson
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - Hayley Colton
- South Yorkshire Regional Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Hailey Hornsby
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Rebecca Brown
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Joanne Mckenzie
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Kirsty L Bradley
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Cameron James
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Benjamin B Lindsey
- South Yorkshire Regional Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Sarah Birch
- Academic Directorate of Communicable Diseases and Specialised Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Louise Marsh
- Academic Directorate of Communicable Diseases and Specialised Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Steven Wood
- Department of Scientific Computing and Informatics, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Martin Bayley
- Department of Scientific Computing and Informatics, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Gary Dickson
- Department of Scientific Computing and Informatics, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - David C James
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Martin J H Nicklin
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Jon R Sayers
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, UK
- The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield, UK
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Domen Zafred
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Sarah L Rowland-Jones
- South Yorkshire Regional Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, UK
- The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Goura Kudesia
- Department of Virology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Adam Kucharski
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - Thomas C Darton
- South Yorkshire Regional Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, UK
- The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Thushan I de Silva
- South Yorkshire Regional Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, UK
- The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Paul J Collini
- South Yorkshire Regional Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, UK
- The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield, UK
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23
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Sandberg JT, Varnaitė R, Christ W, Chen P, Muvva JR, Maleki KT, García M, Dzidic M, Folkesson E, Skagerberg M, Ahlén G, Frelin L, Sällberg M, Eriksson LI, Rooyackers O, Sönnerborg A, Buggert M, Björkström NK, Aleman S, Strålin K, Klingström J, Ljunggren H, Blom K, Gredmark‐Russ S. SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immunity persists through 9 months irrespective of COVID-19 severity at hospitalisation. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1306. [PMID: 34257967 PMCID: PMC8256672 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 following COVID-19 will likely contribute to protection from reinfection or severe disease. It is therefore important to characterise the initiation and persistence of adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 amidst the ongoing pandemic. METHODS Here, we conducted a longitudinal study on hospitalised moderate and severe COVID-19 patients from the acute phase of disease into convalescence at 5 and 9 months post-symptom onset. Utilising flow cytometry, serological assays as well as B cell and T cell FluoroSpot assays, we assessed the magnitude and specificity of humoral and cellular immune responses during and after human SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS During acute COVID-19, we observed an increase in germinal centre activity, a substantial expansion of antibody-secreting cells and the generation of SARS-CoV-2-neutralising antibodies. Despite gradually decreasing antibody levels, we show persistent, neutralising antibody titres as well as robust specific memory B cell responses and polyfunctional T cell responses at 5 and 9 months after symptom onset in both moderate and severe COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSION Our findings describe the initiation and, importantly, persistence of cellular and humoral SARS-CoV-2-specific immunological memory in hospitalised COVID-19 patients long after recovery, likely contributing towards protection against reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Tyler Sandberg
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Renata Varnaitė
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Wanda Christ
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Puran Chen
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Jagadeeswara R Muvva
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Kimia T Maleki
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Marina García
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Majda Dzidic
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Elin Folkesson
- Department of Infectious DiseasesKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Infectious DiseasesKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Magdalena Skagerberg
- Department of Infectious DiseasesKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
- Division of Infectious Diseases and DermatologyDepartment of Medicine HuddingeKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Gustaf Ahlén
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Lars Frelin
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Matti Sällberg
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Lars I Eriksson
- Function Perioperative Medicine and Intensive CareKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Olav Rooyackers
- Function Perioperative Medicine and Intensive CareKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
- Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Division of Anesthesiology and Intensive CareKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Anders Sönnerborg
- Department of Infectious DiseasesKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
- Division of Infectious Diseases and DermatologyDepartment of Medicine HuddingeKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Marcus Buggert
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Niklas K Björkström
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Clinical MicrobiologyKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Soo Aleman
- Department of Infectious DiseasesKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
- Division of Infectious Diseases and DermatologyDepartment of Medicine HuddingeKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Kristoffer Strålin
- Department of Infectious DiseasesKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
- Division of Infectious Diseases and DermatologyDepartment of Medicine HuddingeKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Jonas Klingström
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Hans‐Gustaf Ljunggren
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Kim Blom
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Sara Gredmark‐Russ
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Infectious DiseasesKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
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24
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SARS-CoV-2 seroepidemiological study in healthcare workers and discordant results using seven different diagnostic methods. Infection 2021; 50:251-256. [PMID: 34224078 PMCID: PMC8256773 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-021-01653-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to access the SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in healthcare workers (HCWs) of a tertiary pediatric hospital after the first wave of the pandemic and to compare the results among seven commercially available antibody detection assays, including chemiluminescence (CMIA), electroluminescence (ECLIA), Εnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and rapid immunochromatography (RIC). SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection was performed in serum samples of 1216 HCWs, using a reference CMIA assay and 8/1216 (0.66%) were detected positive. Positive serum samples were further tested with other assays; however, only one sample was positive by all tests. The rest 7 cases were negative with ECLIA and ELISA and gave discordant results with RIC test. Six months later, new serum samples of seropositive HCWs were analyzed with the same 7 tests, with inconsistent results again. Identification of reliable SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests is important to determine the actual number of past infections, the duration of antibodies, and guide public health decisions.
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25
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Nedelcu I, Jipa R, Vasilescu R, Băicuș C, Popescu CI, Manea E, Stoichițoiu LE, Pinte L, Damalan A, Simulescu O, Stoica I, Stoica M, Hristea A. Long-Term Longitudinal Evaluation of Six Commercial Immunoassays for the Detection of IgM and IgG Antibodies against SARS CoV-2. Viruses 2021; 13:1244. [PMID: 34206895 PMCID: PMC8310110 DOI: 10.3390/v13071244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of serological assays for SARS-CoV-2 has skyrocketed in the past year. Concerns have been raised regarding their performance characteristics, depending on the disease severity and the time of the analysis post-symptom onset (PSO). Thus, independent validations using an unbiased sample selection are required for meaningful serology data interpretation. We aimed to assess the clinical performance of six commercially available assays, the seroconversion, and the dynamics of the humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study included 528 serum samples from 156 patients with follow-up visits up to six months PSO and 161 serum samples from healthy people. The IgG/total antibodies positive percentage increased and remained above 95% after six months when chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) IgG antiS1/S2 and electro-chemiluminescent assay (ECLIA) total antiNP were used. At early time points PSO, chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) IgM antiS achieved the best sensitivity. IgM and IgG appear simultaneously in most circumstances, and when performed in parallel the sensitivity increases. The severe and the moderate clinical forms were significantly associated with higher seropositivity percentage and antibody levels. High specificity was found in all evaluated assays, but the sensitivity was variable depending on the time PSO, severity of disease, detection method and targeted antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Nedelcu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.N.); (C.B.); (E.M.); (L.P.); (A.H.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases Adults 4, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals”, 1 Dr. Calistrat Grozovici Street, 021105 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Raluca Jipa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.N.); (C.B.); (E.M.); (L.P.); (A.H.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases Adults 4, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals”, 1 Dr. Calistrat Grozovici Street, 021105 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Roxana Vasilescu
- Medlife Laboratory, 365 Calea Grivitei Street, 010719 Bucharest, Romania; (R.V.); (O.S.); (I.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Cristian Băicuș
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.N.); (C.B.); (E.M.); (L.P.); (A.H.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 19-21 Stefan cel Mare Street, 72202 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Costin-Ioan Popescu
- Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Eliza Manea
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.N.); (C.B.); (E.M.); (L.P.); (A.H.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases Adults 4, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals”, 1 Dr. Calistrat Grozovici Street, 021105 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Laura E. Stoichițoiu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 19-21 Stefan cel Mare Street, 72202 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Larisa Pinte
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.N.); (C.B.); (E.M.); (L.P.); (A.H.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 19-21 Stefan cel Mare Street, 72202 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Anca Damalan
- Department of Infectious Diseases Adults 4, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals”, 1 Dr. Calistrat Grozovici Street, 021105 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Oana Simulescu
- Medlife Laboratory, 365 Calea Grivitei Street, 010719 Bucharest, Romania; (R.V.); (O.S.); (I.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Irina Stoica
- Medlife Laboratory, 365 Calea Grivitei Street, 010719 Bucharest, Romania; (R.V.); (O.S.); (I.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Madalina Stoica
- Medlife Laboratory, 365 Calea Grivitei Street, 010719 Bucharest, Romania; (R.V.); (O.S.); (I.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Adriana Hristea
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.N.); (C.B.); (E.M.); (L.P.); (A.H.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases Adults 4, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals”, 1 Dr. Calistrat Grozovici Street, 021105 Bucharest, Romania;
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26
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Zurochka A, Dobrinina M, Zurochka V, Hu D, Solovyev A, Ryabova L, Kritsky I, Ibragimov R, Sarapultsev A. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Symptomatic Individuals Is Higher than in Persons Who Are at Increased Risk Exposure: The Results of the Single-Center, Prospective, Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:627. [PMID: 34207919 PMCID: PMC8229032 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess antibody seropositivity prevalence among symptomatic individuals and individuals with a high risk of occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Participants from Chelyabinsk (Russian Federation) who were at an increased risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 (high-risk group, n = 1091) and participants who either had symptoms consistent with COVID-19 or were suspected to have experienced COVID-19 in the past (symptomatic group, n = 692) were enrolled between 28 September and 30 December 2020. Blood samples were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay D-5501 SARS-Cov-2-IgG-EIA-BEST and D-5502 SARS-Cov-2-IgM-EIA-BEST (AO Vector-Best, Novosibirsk, Russia). The overall seropositivity rate was 28.33-28.53%. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 17.23% (adjusted prevalence of 17.17-17.29%) of participants in the high-risk and 45.95% (adjusted prevalence of 45.91-46.24%) in the symptomatic group. Higher IgG and IgM titers were observed in women compared to men, as well as in participants in the symptomatic group compared to those in the high-risk group. The results indicate that the seroprevalence among residents in several Russian regions is low (28.38%) and inadequate to provide herd immunity. The lower seroprevalence among participants in the high-risk group may be attributed to the enforcement of healthcare protocols and the use of adequate personal protective equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr Zurochka
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia; (A.Z.); (V.Z.)
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (M.D.); (I.K.); (R.I.)
| | - Maria Dobrinina
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (M.D.); (I.K.); (R.I.)
| | - Vladimir Zurochka
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia; (A.Z.); (V.Z.)
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (M.D.); (I.K.); (R.I.)
| | - Desheng Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 200092, China;
| | - Alexandr Solovyev
- NPO National Medical Association for the Development of the Expert Activities in the Field of Laboratory Diagnostics “MedLabExpert”, 117042 Moscow, Russia;
- LCC GMK MEDMA, 620102 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Liana Ryabova
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, South Ural State Medical University, 454092 Chelyabinsk, Russia;
| | - Igor Kritsky
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (M.D.); (I.K.); (R.I.)
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia, 620026 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Roman Ibragimov
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (M.D.); (I.K.); (R.I.)
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia, 620026 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Alexey Sarapultsev
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia; (A.Z.); (V.Z.)
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (M.D.); (I.K.); (R.I.)
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27
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Aslam S, Danziger-Isakov L, Mehra MR. COVID-19 vaccination immune paresis in heart and lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021; 40:763-766. [PMID: 34144891 PMCID: PMC8116313 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Saima Aslam
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Publc Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Mandeep R Mehra
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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28
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Choudhry N, Drysdale K, Usai C, Leighton D, Sonagara V, Buchanan R, Nijjar M, Thomas S, Hopkins M, Cutino-Moguel T, Gill US, Foster GR, Kennedy PT. Disparities of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleoprotein-Specific IgG in Healthcare Workers in East London, UK. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:642723. [PMID: 33987193 PMCID: PMC8111172 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.642723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection serves as an important diagnostic marker for past SARS-CoV-2 infection and is essential to determine the spread of COVID-19, monitor potential COVID-19 long-term effects, and to evaluate possible protection from reinfection. A study was conducted across three hospital sites in a large central London NHS Trust in the UK, to evaluate the prevalence and duration of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positivity in healthcare workers. Methods: A matrix equivalence study consisting of 228 participants was undertaken to evaluate the Abbott Panbio™ COVID-19 IgG/IgM rapid test device. Subsequently, 2001 evaluable healthcare workers (HCW), representing a diverse population, were enrolled in a HCW study between June and August 2020. A plasma sample from each HCW was evaluated using the Abbott Panbio™ COVID-19 IgG/IgM rapid test device, with confirmation of IgG-positive results by the Abbott ArchitectTM SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay. 545 participants, of whom 399 were antibody positive at enrolment, were followed up at 3 months. Results: The Panbio™ COVID-19 IgG/IgM rapid test device demonstrated a high concordance with laboratory tests. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 506 participants (25.3%) at enrolment, with a higher prevalence in COVID-19 frontline (28.3%) than non-frontline (19.9%) staff. At follow-up, 274/399 antibody positive participants (68.7%) retained antibodies; 4/146 participants negative at enrolment (2.7%) had seroconverted. Non-white ethnicity, older age, hypertension and COVID-19 symptoms were independent predictors of higher antibody levels (OR 1.881, 2.422-3.034, 2.128, and 1.869 respectively), based on Architect™ index quartiles; participants in the first three categories also showed a greater antibody persistence at 3 months. Conclusion: The SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid IgG positivity rate among healthcare staff was high, declining by 31.3% during the 3-month follow-up interval. Interestingly, the IgG-positive participants with certain risk factors for severe COVID-19 illness (older age, Black or Asian Ethnicity hypertension) demonstrated greater persistence over time when compared to the IgG-positive participants without these risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naheed Choudhry
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Drysdale
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carla Usai
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dean Leighton
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vinay Sonagara
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruaridh Buchanan
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Newham General Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manreet Nijjar
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Whipps Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sherine Thomas
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Whipps Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Hopkins
- Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Upkar S. Gill
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham R. Foster
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick T. Kennedy
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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29
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Campbell ST, Orner EP, Reyes Gil M, Fox AS, Goldstein DY, Wolgast LR, Cadoff EM, Freedman VH, Akabas MH, Prystowsky MB, Szymczak WA. Mater Artium Necessitas: The Birth of a COVID-19 Command Center. Acad Pathol 2021; 8:23742895211015347. [PMID: 34046523 PMCID: PMC8138285 DOI: 10.1177/23742895211015347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In February of 2020, New York City was unprepared for the COVID-19 pandemic. Cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection appeared and spread rapidly. Hospitals had to repurpose staff and establish diagnostic testing for this new viral infection. In the background of the usual respiratory pathogen testing performed in the clinical laboratory, SARS-CoV-2 testing at the Montefiore Medical System grew exponentially, from none to hundreds per day within the first week of testing. The job of appropriately routing SARS-CoV-2 viral specimens became overwhelming. Additional staff was required to triage these specimens to multiple in-house testing platforms as well as external reference laboratories. Since medical school classes and many research laboratories shut down at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and students were eager to help fight the pandemic, we seized the opportunity to engage and train senior MD-PhD students to assist in triaging specimens. This volunteer force enabled us to establish the "Pathology Command Center," staffed by these students as well as residents and furloughed dental associates. The Pathology Command Center staff were tasked with the accessioning and routing of specimens, answering questions from clinical teams, and updating ever evolving protocols developed in collaboration with a team of Infectious Disease clinicians. Many lessons were learned during this process, including how best to restructure an accessioning department and how to properly onboard students and repurpose staff while establishing safeguards for their well-being during these unprecedented times. In this article, we share some of our challenges, successes, and what we ultimately learned as an organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean T. Campbell
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Erika P. Orner
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Amy S. Fox
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Lucia R. Wolgast
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Evan M. Cadoff
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Victoria H. Freedman
- Graduate Division of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology
and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Myles H. Akabas
- Departments of Physiology & Biophysics, Neuroscience, and
Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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