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Hardee JE, Weigard AS, Heitzeg MM, Martz ME, Cope LM. Sex differences in distributed error-related neural activation in problem-drinking young adults. Drug Alcohol Depend 2024; 263:112421. [PMID: 39208693 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detecting and responding to errors is central to goal-directed behavior and cognitive control and is thought to be supported by a network of structures that includes the anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insula. Sex differences in the maturational timing of cognitive control systems create differential periods of vulnerability for psychiatric conditions, such as substance use disorders. METHODS We examined sex differences in error-related activation across an array of distributed brain regions during a Go/No-Go task in young adults with problem alcohol use (N=69; 34 females; M=19.4 years). Regions of interest previously linked to error-related activation, including anterior cingulate cortex, insula, and frontoparietal structures, were selected in a term-based meta-analysis. Individual differences in their responses to false alarm (FA) inhibitory errors relative to "go" trials (FA>GO) and correct rejections (FA>CR) were indexed using multivariate summary measures derived from principal components analysis. RESULTS FA>GO and FA>CR activation both revealed a first component that explained the majority of the variance across error-associated regions and displayed the strongest loadings on salience network structures. Compared to females, males exhibited significantly higher levels of the FA>GO component but not the FA>CR component. CONCLUSIONS Males exhibit greater salience network activation in response to inhibitory errors, which could be attributed to sex differences in error-monitoring processes or to other functions (e.g., novelty detection). The findings are relevant for the further characterization of sex differences in cognitive control and may have implications for understanding individual differences in those at risk for substance use or other cognitive control disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian E Hardee
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Alexander S Weigard
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mary M Heitzeg
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Meghan E Martz
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lora M Cope
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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2
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Loginova D, Mann S. Is the Behavioural Gender Gap Decreasing? Evidence from Food Consumption in Swiss Single-Person Households. Foods 2024; 13:2838. [PMID: 39272603 PMCID: PMC11395099 DOI: 10.3390/foods13172838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
While Switzerland has made some progress over the past few decades in treating men and women more equally, this study intends to find out whether Swiss men and women's food consumption patterns also converged between 1990 and 2017. After analysing 1.8 million observations of one-member households' food baskets, we found that gender gaps are increasing significantly for 16 of 70 studied foods, decreasing significantly for another 16 of 70 studied foods and not changing significantly for more than half of the studied foods. On average, the gender gap in food consumption in Switzerland has increased over time. We conclude that behavioural differences between genders and culturally induced gender differences (e.g., unequal career chances) are largely unrelated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Loginova
- Socioeconomics, Agroscope, 8356 Ettenhausen, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Mann
- Socioeconomics, Agroscope, 8356 Ettenhausen, Switzerland
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3
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Kostadinov V, Bonevski B, Harrison NJ, Bowden J. Factors associated with very high-risk drinking in the Australian general population: How do men and women compare? Drug Alcohol Rev 2024; 43:1388-1401. [PMID: 38768608 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite vulnerability to alcohol-related harms, women have historically been under-represented in alcohol research. This study examined the prevalence and characteristics of women who drink at very high-risk levels (11+ standard drinks monthly), factors associated with this consumption and comparisons with men. METHODS Secondary analyses of 2019 National Drug Strategy Household Survey data were undertaken. Significant differences by sex in the distribution of demographic and alcohol-related variables were explored using chi-squared and Mann-Whitney U tests. Binary logistic regression examined factors associated with very high-risk drinking. RESULTS Very high-risk drinking was reported by 10.4% of men and 3.1% of women. Compared to men, women were significantly younger with higher levels of psychological distress/mental health conditions, and were more likely to be unmarried. Both women and men engaged in a range of harm-minimisation strategies. Odds of very high-risk drinking were significantly higher for respondents who were male, younger, employed, lived in a regional/rural/remote area, psychologically distressed, smoked and used illicit drugs. Interactions with sex indicated that very high-risk drinking declined after the age of 24 for men compared to 44 for women. Being married reduced the likelihood of very high-risk drinking more greatly among women compared to men, while living in a major city reduced the likelihood among men (and not women). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Very high-risk drinking is not limited to Australian men, and the women who drink at these levels have distinct profiles and factors associated with consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Kostadinov
- National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Billie Bonevski
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Nathan J Harrison
- National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jacquie Bowden
- National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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4
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Halladay J, Freibott CE, Lipson SK, Zhou S, Eisenberg D. Trends in the co-occurrence of substance use and mental health symptomatology in a national sample of US post-secondary students from 2009 to 2019. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:1911-1924. [PMID: 35834773 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2098030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study examined joint trends over time in associations between substance use (heavy drinking, cannabis, and cigarette smoking) and mental health concerns (depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation) among US post-secondary students. Participants: Data came from 323,896 students participating in the Healthy Minds Study from 2009 to 2019, a national cross-sectional survey of US post-secondary students. Weighted two-level logistic regression models with a time by substance interaction term were used to predict mental health status. Results: Use of each substance was associated with a greater odds of students endorsing depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. Over time, the association with mental health concerns strengthened substantially for cannabis, modestly for heavy drinking, and remained stable for smoking. Conclusion: Given co-occurrence is common and increasing among post-secondary students, college and university health systems should prioritize early identification, psychoeducation, harm-reduction, and brief interventions to support students at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Halladay
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christina E Freibott
- Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah K Lipson
- Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sasha Zhou
- Department of Public Health, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel Eisenberg
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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5
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Karatayev O, Collier AD, Targoff SR, Leibowitz SF. Neurological Disorders Induced by Drug Use: Effects of Adolescent and Embryonic Drug Exposure on Behavioral Neurodevelopment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8341. [PMID: 39125913 PMCID: PMC11313660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies demonstrate that the risk of developing neurological disorders is increased by overconsumption of the commonly used drugs, alcohol, nicotine and cannabis. These drug-induced neurological disorders, which include substance use disorder (SUD) and its co-occurring emotional conditions such as anxiety and depression, are observed not only in adults but also with drug use during adolescence and after prenatal exposure to these drugs, and they are accompanied by long-lasting disturbances in brain development. This report provides overviews of clinical and preclinical studies, which confirm these adverse effects in adolescents and the offspring prenatally exposed to the drugs and include a more in-depth description of specific neuronal systems, their neurocircuitry and molecular mechanisms, affected by drug exposure and of specific techniques used to determine if these effects in the brain are causally related to the behavioral disturbances. With analysis of further studies, this review then addresses four specific questions that are important for fully understanding the impact that drug use in young individuals can have on future pregnancies and their offspring. Evidence demonstrates that the adverse effects on their brain and behavior can occur: (1) at low doses with short periods of drug exposure during pregnancy; (2) after pre-conception drug use by both females and males; (3) in subsequent generations following the initial drug exposure; and (4) in a sex-dependent manner, with drug use producing a greater risk in females than males of developing SUDs with emotional conditions and female offspring after prenatal drug exposure responding more adversely than male offspring. With the recent rise in drug use by adolescents and pregnant women that has occurred in association with the legalization of cannabis and increased availability of vaping tools, these conclusions from the clinical and preclinical literature are particularly alarming and underscore the urgent need to educate young women and men about the possible harmful effects of early drug use and to seek novel therapeutic strategies that might help to limit drug use in young individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sarah F. Leibowitz
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; (O.K.); (S.R.T.)
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Danpanichkul P, Wattanachayakul P, Duangsonk K, Ongsupankul S, Sripusanapan A, Uawithya E, Benjanuwattra J, Trongtorsak A, Nathisuwan S, Navaravong L. The burden of alcohol-related cardiovascular complications in young and middle-aged adults: rising burden of atrial fibrillation and hypertensive heart disease. Acta Cardiol 2024; 79:549-556. [PMID: 38699921 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2024.2346872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The burden of alcohol-related complications is high and rising. However, there are notable deficiencies in comprehensive epidemiological study focusing on cardiovascular complications from alcohol, especially among young and middle-aged adults. We thus aimed to determine the burden of these conditions in young and middle-aged adults globally. METHODS AND RESULTS We used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 and analysed the mortality and disability-adjusted life years of alcohol-associated cardiovascular complications in young and middle-aged adults. The findings were classified by sex, region, country, and Sociodemographic Index (SDI). The highest age-standardized death rates (ASDR) were observed in stroke 0.84 (95% UI 0.60-1.09), followed by alcoholic cardiomyopathy 0.57 (95% UI 0.47-0.66) per 100,000 population. The overall burden of alcohol-associated cardiovascular complications decreased globally but increased in atrial fibrillation and hypertensive heart disease. Regionally, most regions underwent a decrease in ASDR, but an increase was observed in Southeast Asia (+2.82%), Western Pacific (+1.48%), low-middle (+1.81%), and middle SDI (+0.75%) countries. Nevertheless, the ASDR and ASDALYs were highest in Europe. CONCLUSIONS The impact of alcohol-associated atrial fibrillation and hypertensive heart disease has increased over the last decades. Regarding region, the burden in Europe and the rising burden in Asia, require immediate public health policy to lessen these cardiovascular complications from alcohol in young and middle-aged adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pojsakorn Danpanichkul
- Immunology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | | | - Kwanjit Duangsonk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sorawit Ongsupankul
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | | | - Ekdanai Uawithya
- Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Juthipong Benjanuwattra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Angkawipa Trongtorsak
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Surakit Nathisuwan
- Clinical Pharmacy Division, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Caetano R, Vaeth PAC, Gruenewald PJ, Ponicki WR, Kaplan Z. Alcohol and cannabis use and co-use among Whites and Hispanics on and off the U.S./Mexico border in California. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38795010 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2024.2354320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
This paper examines self-reported rates of drinking and cannabis use and co-use among White and Hispanic adults randomly selected in four counties in California: Imperial on the border; and Kern, Tulare, and Madera in California's Central Valley. Co-use was significantly higher among the U.S. born than among those born abroad, and in the Central Valley than on the border. Co-users were heavier drinkers, had higher rates of alcohol use disorder, other alcohol problems, and a positive history of illicit drug use than drinkers only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Caetano
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Patrice A C Vaeth
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Paul J Gruenewald
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - William R Ponicki
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Zoe Kaplan
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Jimenez Chavez CL, Szumlinski KK. Modulation of marble-burying behavior in adult versus adolescent C57BL/6J mice of both sexes by ethologically relevant chemosensory stimuli. OXFORD OPEN NEUROSCIENCE 2024; 3:kvae009. [PMID: 38915792 PMCID: PMC11195632 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The marble-burying test is a pharmacologically validated paradigm used to study anxiety-like behaviors in laboratory rodents. Our laboratory has employed this assay as part of a behavioral screen to examine drug-induced negative affective states. Historically, the majority of our prior binge alcohol-drinking studies employed male subjects exclusively and reliably detected adolescent-adult differences in both basal and alcohol withdrawal-induced negative affect. However, age-related differences in marble-burying behavior were either absent or opposite those observed in our prior work when female subjects were included in the experimental design. As chemosensory cues from females are reported to be anxiolytic in males, the present study examined how odors from adult members of the opposite and same sex (obtained from soiled bedding) influence marble-burying behavior in adult, as well as adolescent, mice. Control studies examined the responsiveness of mice in the presence of novel neutral (vanilla) and aversive (tea tree) odors. Adult males exhibited reduced signs of anxiety-like behavior in the presence of female-soiled bedding, while adult females and adolescent mice of both sexes increased marble-burying behavior in the presence of both male- and female-soiled bedding. All mice exhibited increased burying in the presence of an aversive odor, while only adolescents increased marble-burying in response to the novel neutral odor. These data indicate sex by age interactions in the effects of volatile and nonvolatile odors from sexually-naive adult conspecifics on indices of anxiety-like behavior in the marble-burying test of relevance to the experimental design and procedural timing of experiments including sex as a biological variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Leonardo Jimenez Chavez
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Psychology Building, U Cen Road, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA
| | - Karen K Szumlinski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Psychology Building, U Cen Road, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and the Neuroscience Research Institute, Bio II Building, U Cen Road, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9625, USA
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9
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Bendrath SC, Méndez HG, Dankert AM, Lerma-Cabrera JM, Carvajal F, Dornellas-Loper AP, Lee S, Neira S, Haun H, Delpire E, Navarro M, Kash TL, Thiele TE. Inhibiting CRF Projections from the Central Amygdala to Lateral Hypothalamus and Amygdala Deletion of CRF Alters Binge-Like Ethanol Drinking in a Sex-Dependent Manner. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.09.588750. [PMID: 38645149 PMCID: PMC11030312 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.09.588750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Background Binge alcohol drinking is a dangerous pattern of consumption that can contribute to the development of more severe alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Importantly, the rate and severity of AUDs has historically differed between men and women, suggesting that there may be sex differences in the central mechanisms that modulate alcohol (ethanol) consumption. Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) is a centrally expressed neuropeptide that has been implicated in the modulation of binge-like ethanol intake, and emerging data highlight sex differences in central CRF systems. Methods In the present report we characterized CRF+ neurocircuitry arising from the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) and innervating the lateral hypothalamus (LH) in the modulation of binge-like ethanol intake in male and female mice. Results Using chemogenetic tools we found that silencing the CRF+ CeA to LH circuit significantly blunted binge-like ethanol intake in male, but not female, mice. Consistently, genetic deletion of CRF from neurons of the CeA blunted ethanol intake exclusively in male mice. Furthermore, pharmacological blockade of the CRF type-1 receptor (CRF1R) in the LH significantly reduced binge-like ethanol intake in male mice only, while CRF2R activation in the LH failed to alter ethanol intake in either sex. Finally, a history of binge-like ethanol drinking blunted CRF mRNA in the CeA regardless of sex. Conclusions These observations provide novel evidence that CRF+ CeA to LH neurocircuitry modulates binge-like ethanol intake in male, but not female mice, which may provide insight into the mechanisms that guide known sex differences in binge-like ethanol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie C Bendrath
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3270, USA
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7178, USA
| | - Hernán G Méndez
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3270, USA
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7178, USA
| | - Anne M Dankert
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3270, USA
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7178, USA
| | | | | | - Ana Paula Dornellas-Loper
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3270, USA
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7178, USA
| | - Sophia Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3270, USA
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7178, USA
| | - Sofia Neira
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3270, USA
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7178, USA
| | - Harold Haun
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3270, USA
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7178, USA
| | - Eric Delpire
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Montserrat Navarro
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3270, USA
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7178, USA
| | - Thomas L Kash
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3270, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3270, USA
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7178, USA
| | - Todd E Thiele
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3270, USA
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7178, USA
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10
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Colrain IM, Baker FC. To drink perchance to sleep: a commentary on "Altered sleep architecture following consecutive nights of pre-sleep alcohol" by McCullar et al. Sleep 2024; 47:zsad333. [PMID: 38205873 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Colrain
- MRIGlobal, Kansas City, MO, USA
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC, Australia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Fiona C Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Abulseoud OA, Caparelli EC, Krell‐Roesch J, Geda YE, Ross TJ, Yang Y. Sex-difference in the association between social drinking, structural brain aging and cognitive function in older individuals free of cognitive impairment. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1235171. [PMID: 38651011 PMCID: PMC11033502 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1235171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated a potential sex difference in the relationship between alcohol consumption, brain age gap and cognitive function in older adults without cognitive impairment from the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging. Methods Self-reported alcohol consumption was collected using the food-frequency questionnaire. A battery of cognitive testing assessed performance in four different domains: attention, memory, language, and visuospatial. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was conducted using 3-T scanners (Signa; GE Healthcare). Brain age was estimated using the Brain-Age Regression Analysis and Computational Utility Software (BARACUS). We calculated the brain age gap as the difference between predicted brain age and chronological age. Results The sample consisted of 269 participants [55% men (n=148) and 45% women (n=121) with a mean age of 79.2 ± 4.6 and 79.5 ± 4.7 years respectively]. Women had significantly better performance compared to men in memory, (1.12 ± 0.87 vs 0.57 ± 0.89, P<0.0001) language (0.66 ± 0.8 vs 0.33 ± 0.72, P=0.0006) and attention (0.79 ± 0.87 vs 0.39 ± 0.83, P=0.0002) z-scores. Men scored higher in visuospatial skills (0.71 ± 0.91 vs 0.44 ± 0.90, P=0.016). Compared to participants who reported zero alcohol drinking (n=121), those who reported alcohol consumption over the year prior to study enrollment (n=148) scored significantly higher in all four cognitive domains [memory: F3,268 = 5.257, P=0.002, Language: F3,258 = 12.047, P<0.001, Attention: F3,260 = 22.036, P<0.001, and Visuospatial: F3,261 = 9.326, P<0.001] after correcting for age and years of education. In addition, we found a significant positive correlation between alcohol consumption and the brain age gap (P=0.03). Post hoc regression analysis for each sex with language z-score revealed a significant negative correlation between brain age gap and language z-scores in women only (P=0.008). Conclusion Among older adults who report alcohol drinking, there is a positive association between higher average daily alcohol consumption and accelerated brain aging despite the fact that drinkers had better cognitive performance compared to zero drinkers. In women only, accelerated brain aging is associated with worse performance in language cognitive domain. Older adult women seem to be vulnerable to the negative effects of alcohol on brain structure and on certain cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A. Abulseoud
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Elisabeth C. Caparelli
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Janina Krell‐Roesch
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, United States
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Yonas E. Geda
- Department of Neurology, and the Franke Barrow Global Neuroscience Education Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Thomas J. Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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12
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Mathes Winnicki BM, Lee DJ, Hawn SE, Livingston NA, Marx BP, Keane TM. Alcohol consumption and dependence risk among male and female Veterans: Trajectories and predictors. Drug Alcohol Depend 2024; 257:111138. [PMID: 38430789 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With few exceptions, previously conducted research on hazardous drinking among Veterans has employed samples in which the majority of participants identify as male. In addition, past studies have solely focused on alcohol consumption, rather than associated risk for dependence. In this study, we expanded upon the extant literature by investigating sex differences in trajectories and predictors of change in alcohol consumption and dependence risk among post-9/11 Veterans. METHODS A national sample of 1649 Veterans (50.0% female) were recruited in a five-wave longitudinal study that followed Veterans for up to 16 years after deployment. We used growth curve modeling to investigate trajectories of change in alcohol consumption and dependence risk among men and women Veterans. We examined predictors of growth, including demographics, support and resources, psychiatric symptoms, and trauma exposure. RESULTS Among male Veterans, alcohol consumption and dependence risk remained stagnant, which is in contrast to past work using non-Veteran samples. For female Veterans, consumption exhibited initial reductions that decelerated, and dependence risk reduced at a continuous rate. PTSD diagnosis was a significant predictor of individual differences in growth for men. Psychiatric symptoms (i.e., PTSD diagnosis, probable depression diagnosis, suicidal ideation) and psychosocial functioning were significant predictors of decreasing alcohol use for women. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight important sex differences in patterns and predictors of change in alcohol consumption and dependence risk among post-9/11 Veterans. Findings are discussed in relation to screening for hazardous alcohol use and intervention strategies in this at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M Mathes Winnicki
- US Department of Veteran Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Daniel J Lee
- US Department of Veteran Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; Behavioral Science Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sage E Hawn
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Nicholas A Livingston
- US Department of Veteran Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; Behavioral Science Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brian P Marx
- US Department of Veteran Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; Behavioral Science Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Terence M Keane
- US Department of Veteran Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; Behavioral Science Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
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13
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Hunt A, Merola GP, Carpenter T, Jaeggi AV. Evolutionary perspectives on substance and behavioural addictions: Distinct and shared pathways to understanding, prediction and prevention. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 159:105603. [PMID: 38402919 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Addiction poses significant social, health, and criminal issues. Its moderate heritability and early-life impact, affecting reproductive success, poses an evolutionary paradox: why are humans predisposed to addictive behaviours? This paper reviews biological and psychological mechanisms of substance and behavioural addictions, exploring evolutionary explanations for the origin and function of relevant systems. Ancestrally, addiction-related systems promoted fitness through reward-seeking, and possibly self-medication. Today, psychoactive substances disrupt these systems, leading individuals to neglect essential life goals for immediate satisfaction. Behavioural addictions (e.g. video games, social media) often emulate ancestrally beneficial behaviours, making them appealing yet often irrelevant to contemporary success. Evolutionary insights have implications for how addiction is criminalised and stigmatised, propose novel avenues for interventions, anticipate new sources of addiction from emerging technologies such as AI. The emerging potential of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists targeting obesity suggest the satiation system may be a natural counter to overactivation of the reward system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hunt
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | | | - Tom Carpenter
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Adrian V Jaeggi
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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14
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Harris MTH, Laks J, Hurstak E, Jain JP, Lambert AM, Maschke AD, Bagley SM, Farley J, Coffin PO, McMahan VM, Barrett C, Walley AY, Gunn CM. "If you're strung out and female, they will take advantage of you": A qualitative study exploring drug use and substance use service experiences among women in Boston and San Francisco. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION TREATMENT 2024; 157:209190. [PMID: 37866442 PMCID: PMC11040599 DOI: 10.1016/j.josat.2023.209190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significant disparities in substance use severity and treatment persist among women who use drugs compared to men. Thus, we explored how identifying as a woman was related to drug use and treatment experiences. METHODS The study recruited participants for a qualitative interview study in Boston and San Francisco from January-November 2020. Self-identified women, age ≥ 18 years, with nonprescribed opioid use in the past 14 days were eligible for inclusion. The study team developed deductive codes based on intersectionality theory and inductive codes generated from transcript review, and identified themes using grounded content analysis. RESULTS The study enrolled thirty-six participants. The median age was 46; 58 % were White, 16 % were Black, 14 % were Hispanic, and 39 % were unstably housed. Other drug use was common with 81 % reporting benzodiazepine, 50 % cocaine, and 31 % meth/amphetamine use respectively. We found that gender (i.e., identifying as a woman) intersected with drug use and sex work practices and exacerbated experiences of marginalization. Violence was ubiquitous in drug use environments. Some women reported experiences of gender-based violence in substance use service settings that perpetuated cycles of trauma and reinforced barriers to care. Substance use services that were women-led, safe, and responsive to women's needs were valued and sought after. CONCLUSION Women reported a cycle of trauma and drug use exacerbated by oppression in substance use services settings. In addition to increasing access to gender-responsive care, our study highlights the need for greater research and examination of practices within substance use service settings that may be contributing to gender-based violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam T H Harris
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, 801 Massachusetts Ave, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Jordana Laks
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, 801 Massachusetts Ave, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Emily Hurstak
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, 801 Massachusetts Ave, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Jennifer P Jain
- School of Nursing and Department of Community Health Systems at the University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Audrey M Lambert
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, 801 Massachusetts Ave, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Ariel D Maschke
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, 801 Massachusetts Ave, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Sarah M Bagley
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, 801 Massachusetts Ave, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - John Farley
- San Francisco Department of Public Health, 101 Grove St, San Francisco, CA 94102, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, 533 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Phillip O Coffin
- San Francisco Department of Public Health, 101 Grove St, San Francisco, CA 94102, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, 533 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Vanessa M McMahan
- San Francisco Department of Public Health, 101 Grove St, San Francisco, CA 94102, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, 533 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Cynthia Barrett
- San Francisco Department of Public Health, 101 Grove St, San Francisco, CA 94102, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, 533 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Alexander Y Walley
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, 801 Massachusetts Ave, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Christine M Gunn
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, 801 Massachusetts Ave, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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15
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Melbourne JK, Wooden JI, Carlson ER, Anasooya Shaji C, Nixon K. Neuroimmune Activation and Microglia Reactivity in Female Rats Following Alcohol Dependence. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1603. [PMID: 38338883 PMCID: PMC10855949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The rates of alcohol use disorder among women are growing, yet little is known about how the female brain is affected by alcohol. The neuroimmune system, and specifically microglia, have been implicated in mediating alcohol neurotoxicity, but most preclinical studies have focused on males. Further, few studies have considered changes to the microglial phenotype when examining the effects of ethanol on brain structure and function. Therefore, we quantified microglial reactivity in female rats using a binge model of alcohol dependence, assessed through morphological and phenotypic marker expression, coupled with regional cytokine levels. In a time- and region-dependent manner, alcohol altered the microglial number and morphology, including the soma and process area, and the overall complexity within the corticolimbic regions examined, but no significant increases in the proinflammatory markers MHCII or CD68 were observed. The majority of cytokine and growth factor levels examined were similarly unchanged. However, the expression of the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα was increased, and the anti-inflammatory IL-10, decreased. Thus, female rats showed subtle differences in neuroimmune reactivity compared to past work in males, consistent with reports of enhanced neuroimmune responses in females across the literature. These data suggest that specific neuroimmune reactions in females may impact their susceptibility to alcohol neurotoxicity and other neurodegenerative events with microglial contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kimberly Nixon
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (J.K.M.)
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16
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Berardelli I, Aguglia A, Amerio A, Sarubbi S, Rogante E, Trocchia MA, Zelletta D, Longhini L, Erbuto D, Pastorino F, Lamis DA, Innamorati M, Serafini G, Pompili M. Characterization of Psychiatric Inpatients: The Role of Gender Differences in Clinical and Pharmacological Patterns. J Psychiatr Pract 2024; 30:2-12. [PMID: 38227722 DOI: 10.1097/pra.0000000000000756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe mental disorders that require hospitalization are disabling conditions that contribute to the burden of mental diseases. They pose increased clinical challenges and highlight the need to thoroughly explore variables emerging from daily clinical practice. In this study, we assessed to what extent gender differences may characterize a large population of psychiatric inpatients. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study in 2 Italian teaching medical centers, which included 2358 patients who were consecutively admitted to the psychiatric emergency units. We explored and characterized gender differences for variables such as prevalence of psychiatric diagnosis, presence of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, age at onset of psychiatric illness, presence of substance or alcohol abuse, length of stay, number of hospitalizations, presence of involuntary admission, type of discharge from the hospital, and pharmacological treatment at discharge. RESULTS Female patients were primarily diagnosed with bipolar disorder or personality disorders. Female patients had a significantly higher prevalence of lifetime suicide attempts (23.1% vs. 16.5%, P<0.001) and a longer length of hospitalization (11.43±10.73 d vs. 10.52±10.37 d, t=-2.099, gl=2356, P=0.036) compared with male patients. Male patients had more involuntary admissions (25.1% vs. 19.7%, χ2=9.616, gl=1, P=0.002), more use of illicit substances (34.1% vs. 20.9%, χ2=51.084, gl=1, P<0.001), and higher rates of alcohol abuse (21.3% vs. 14.7%, χ2=17.182, gl=1, P<0.001) compared with female patients. Finally, antidepressants and lithium were prescribed more frequently to the female patients, whereas other mood stabilizers were more often prescribed to the male patients. CONCLUSIONS Our real-world results highlighted gender differences among patients with severe mental disorders admitted to psychiatric units, and suggest further investigations that may help in understanding trajectories accompanying disabling clinical conditions.
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17
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Decker Ramirez EB, Arnold ME, Schank JR. Vicarious defeat stress induces increased alcohol consumption in female mice: Role of neurokinin-1 receptor and interleukin-6. Addict Biol 2024; 29:e13357. [PMID: 38221805 PMCID: PMC10794032 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
There is a high frequency of comorbidity of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and depression in human populations. We have studied this relationship in our lab using the social defeat stress (SDS) model, which results in both depression-like behaviours and increased alcohol consumption in male mice. However, standard SDS procedures are difficult to use in female mice due to a lack of territorial aggression. In the experiments presented here, we used vicarious defeat stress (VDS) to assess social withdrawal and alcohol consumption in female C57BL6/J mice. We also assessed the expression of interleukin-6 (IL6), which is a proinflammatory cytokine that is associated with depression in humans and sensitivity to SDS in mice. In these experiments, C57BL/6 female mice underwent 10 days of VDS where they witnessed the physical defeat of a male conspecific by an aggressive CD1 mouse. After the end of VDS, mice were either given access to alcohol or sacrificed for the measurement of IL6 expression. We found that VDS increased alcohol consumption and IL6 expression in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. Given that the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) can mediate both stress-induced alcohol consumption and IL6 expression, we tested the ability of NK1R antagonism to reduce VDS-induced alcohol consumption and found that this treatment reduced alcohol intake in both VDS-exposed mice and in unstressed controls. The observed increase in alcohol consumption suggests that VDS is a model that can be utilized to study stress-induced alcohol consumption in female mice, and that this is sensitive to NK1R antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie B. Decker Ramirez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Miranda E. Arnold
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Jesse R. Schank
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
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18
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Jimenez-Morcillo J, Clemente-Suárez VJ. Gender Differences in Body Satisfaction Perception: The Role of Nutritional Habits, Psychological Traits, and Physical Activity in a Strength-Training Population. Nutrients 2023; 16:104. [PMID: 38201935 PMCID: PMC10781077 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to examine gender disparities in body satisfaction perception, emphasizing the influence of nutritional habits, psychometric assessments, levels of physical activity, and health-related metrics. Employing a sample of 605 strength-trained participants (385 males and 224 females), aged between 20 and 35 years, and regularly engaged in strength training, we conducted a thorough analysis using Google Forms. We evaluated variables including age, anthropometric data, resistance training frequency, food consumption patterns, and psychological profiles. Our findings indicate significant gender-based differences in body satisfaction perception. Females tend to overestimate their muscular size and express heightened concern regarding gluteal shape, while males exhibit a more realistic self-perception, primarily focused on hip width. Dietary patterns also display gender-specific tendencies; females prefer healthier options like vegetables, whereas males consume more milk, fermented products, and carbohydrates. Hydration practices diverge as well, with females showing higher water intake in contrast to males' preference for alcoholic and carbonated beverages. Psychologically, males demonstrate greater extroversion, while females exhibit higher conscientiousness, openness, and a tendency toward negative thoughts and anxiety. Regarding physical activity, females engage in training sessions with greater volume compared to males. This study highlights the intricate interplay of social, cultural, and personal factors shaping gender-specific perceptions of body satisfaction and their subsequent impact on health and lifestyle choices. These insights pave the way for future specialized interventions and research, underscoring the importance of understanding gender-specific nuances to promote healthy body satisfaction and self-perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Jimenez-Morcillo
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
- Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
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19
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Dazzio RE, Daley SS, Budesheim TL, Klanecky Earl AK. The interaction between Greek affiliation and religiosity on problem drinking in college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:2758-2765. [PMID: 34788567 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1996369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Greek affiliation is associated with increased problem drinking in college, while religiosity typically offers protective benefits. The current study examined the interaction between Greek status and religiosity-both public (e.g., religious attendance) and private (e.g., prayer frequency)-on problem drinking. Participants and Methods: Undergraduates (N = 477) completed an online survey battery in late spring 2019, at the end of their freshman year. Results: Analyses focused on prayer frequency were not significant; however, the two-way interaction between Greek affiliation and religious attendance was significant. There was no difference in problem drinking across Greek and non-Greek students when religious attendance was low. As frequency of religious attendance increased, Greek students engaged in increased problem drinking compared to non-Greek students. Conclusions: Greek involvement may undermine the protective authority of religious practices on problem drinking, in part through moral licensing, whereby morally sound behaviors (i.e., religious attendance) may justify past or future problem drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romi E Dazzio
- Department of Psychological Science, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Sophia S Daley
- Department of Psychological Science, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Thomas L Budesheim
- Department of Psychological Science, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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20
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Strzelecki AM, Gipson CD, Childs E, Weafer J. Preliminary evidence of increased alcohol use associated with ethinyl estradiol levels in women using oral contraceptives. DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE REPORTS 2023; 9:100194. [PMID: 37954868 PMCID: PMC10632661 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2023.100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use is highly prevalent in young adult women and rates of alcohol use disorder are rising rapidly in this population. Further, emerging evidence suggests that circulating levels of ovarian hormones influence alcohol consumption, with increased consumption associated with higher estradiol and lower progesterone levels. However, less is known about the influence of synthetic hormones (contained in oral contraceptive (OC) pills) on alcohol use. The current study examined the influence of OC pill phase, ethinyl estradiol (EE) levels, and progestin levels on self-reported alcohol consumption in healthy female drinkers. Young adult female drinkers using OCs (N = 21) reported alcohol use across one OC pill pack using the Timeline Followback and provided blood samples during both pill phases to measure synthetic hormone levels. We compared alcohol use between OC pill phases (active vs. inactive) using linear mixed effects models for repeated measures and examined correlations between alcohol use and EE and progestin levels. Results showed that women with higher EE levels reported increased alcohol consumption (r = 0.56, p = 0.01) and binge drinking (r = 0.45, p = 0.04) in the active pill phase. Progestin levels and pill phase were not significantly associated with alcohol consumption. These findings provide preliminary data suggesting increased levels of EE from OC pills are associated with excessive alcohol consumption in women. Further research is needed to determine if EE plays a causal role in increased alcohol consumption. This line of research could inform female-specific AUD prevention and treatment strategies among the large subpopulation of women using hormonal contraceptives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cassandra D. Gipson
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Emma Childs
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jessica Weafer
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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21
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Grindal M, Admire A, Carkin DM, Nieri T. Gender and substance use among Latinx college students: An application of social structure social learning theory. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2023:1-25. [PMID: 37933886 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2023.2271873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Social structure social learning theory (SSSL) is a theoretical framework that has been used to understand gender differences in substance use. However, the Latinx community remains understudied in this body of research. Drawing on a Latinx college student sample, we tested the extent to which four social learning mechanisms specified by SSSL theory (positive definitions, neutralizing definitions, differential association, and differential reinforcement) explained gender differences in three substance use outcomes: alcohol intoxication, marijuana use, and illicit prescription drug use. We found that men reported greater levels of all three substance use outcomes, and that the social learning mechanisms mediated between 24% to 44% of these gender effects. We also found some evidence that the effects of differential association and differential reinforcement were stronger for men than women, suggesting that women may exhibit greater resilience when exposed to peer influence. We discuss the implications for SSSL theory and the study of substance use and gender differences in substance use among Latinx populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Grindal
- Department of Culture, Society, and Justice, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho
| | - Amanda Admire
- Office of Institutional Research, Chaffey College, Rancho Cucamonga, California
| | | | - Tanya Nieri
- Department of Sociology, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California
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22
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Harris M, Schiff DM, Saia K, Muftu S, Standish KR, Wachman EM. Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Clinical Protocol #21: Breastfeeding in the Setting of Substance Use and Substance Use Disorder (Revised 2023). Breastfeed Med 2023; 18:715-733. [PMID: 37856658 PMCID: PMC10775244 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2023.29256.abm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Background: The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine (ABM) revised the 2015 version of the substance use disorder (SUD) clinical protocol to review the evidence and provide updated literature-based recommendations related to breastfeeding in the setting of substance use and SUD treatments. Key Information: Decisions around breastfeeding are an important aspect of care during the peripartum period, and there are specific benefits and risks for substance-exposed mother-infant dyads. Recommendations: This protocol provides breastfeeding recommendations in the setting of nonprescribed opioid, stimulant, sedative-hypnotic, alcohol, nicotine, and cannabis use, and SUD treatments. Additionally, we offer guidance on the utility of toxicology testing in breastfeeding recommendations. Individual programs and institutions should establish consistent breastfeeding approaches that mitigate bias, facilitate consistency, and empower mothers with SUD. For specific breastfeeding recommendations, given the complexity of breastfeeding in mothers with SUD, individualized care plans should be created in partnership with the patient and multidisciplinary team with appropriate clinical support and follow-up. In general, breastfeeding is recommended among mothers who stop nonprescribed substance use by the time of delivery, and they should continue to receive ongoing postpartum care, such as lactation support and SUD treatment. Overall, enhancing breastfeeding education regarding substance use in pregnancy and lactation is essential to allow for patient-centered guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Harris
- Clinical Addiction Research and Education (CARE) Unit, Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Grayken Center for Addiction, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Davida M. Schiff
- Divisions of Newborn Medicine and Mass General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Divisions of General Academic Pediatrics, Mass General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kelley Saia
- Grayken Center for Addiction, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chobanian & Avedisian Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Serra Muftu
- Divisions of Newborn Medicine and Mass General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Divisions of General Academic Pediatrics, Mass General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine R. Standish
- Department of Family Medicine, and Chobanian & Avedisian Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elisha M. Wachman
- Grayken Center for Addiction, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Chobanian & Avedisian Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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23
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Guerin SP, Melbourne JK, Dang HQ, Shaji CA, Nixon K. Astrocyte Reactivity and Neurodegeneration in the Female Rat Brain Following Alcohol Dependence. Neuroscience 2023; 529:183-199. [PMID: 37598836 PMCID: PMC10810177 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that alcohol use disorder (AUD) may manifest itself differently in women compared to men. Women experience AUDs on an accelerated timeline and may have certain regional vulnerabilities. In male rats, neuronal cell death and astrocyte reactivity are noted following induction of alcohol dependence in an animal model of an AUD. However, the regional and temporal patterns of neurodegeneration and astrocyte reactivity have yet to be fully examined in females using this model. Therefore, adult female rats were exposed to a 4-day binge model of alcohol dependence followed by different periods of abstinence. Histological markers for FluoroJade B, a label of degenerating neurons, and vimentin, a marker for reactive astrocytes, were utilized. The expression of these markers in cortical and limbic regions was quantified immediately after their last dose (e.g., T0), or 2, 7, and 14 days later. Significant neuronal cell death was noted in the entorhinal cortex and the hippocampus, similar to previous reports in males, but also in several cortical regions not previously observed. Vimentin immunoreactivity was noted in the same regions as previously reported, in addition to three novel regions. Vimentin immunoreactivity also occurred at earlier and later time points in some cortical and hippocampal regions. These data suggest that both neuronal cell death and astrocyte reactivity could be more widespread in females compared to males. Therefore, this study provides a framework for specific regions and time points which should be examined in future studies of alcohol-induced damage that include female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Guerin
- The University of Texas at Austin, Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Jennifer K Melbourne
- The University of Texas at Austin, Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Huy Q Dang
- The University of Texas at Austin, Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Chinchusha Anasooya Shaji
- The University of Texas at Austin, Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Kimberly Nixon
- The University of Texas at Austin, Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
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Unlu H, Macaron MM, Ayraler Taner H, Kaba D, Akin Sari B, Schneekloth TD, Leggio L, Abulseoud OA. Sex difference in alcohol withdrawal syndrome: a scoping review of clinical studies. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1266424. [PMID: 37810604 PMCID: PMC10556532 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1266424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We conducted a review of all studies comparing clinical aspects of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) between men and women. Methods Five databases (PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, Scopus and Clinical Trials) were searched for clinical studies using the keywords "alcohol withdrawal syndrome" or "delirium tremens" limited to "sex" or "gender" or "sex difference" or "gender difference." The search was conducted on May 19, 2023. Two reviewers selected studies including both male and female patients with AWS, and they compared males and females in type of AWS symptoms, clinical course, complications, and treatment outcome. Results Thirty-five observational studies were included with a total of 318,730 participants of which 75,346 had AWS. In twenty of the studies, the number of patients presenting with or developing AWS was separated by sex, resulting in a total of 8,159 (12.5%) female patients and a total of 56,928 (87.5%) male patients. Despite inconsistent results, males were more likely than females to develop complicated AWS [delirium tremens (DT) and AW seizures, collective DT in Males vs. females: 1,792 (85.4%) vs. 307 (14.6%), and collective seizures in males vs. females: 294 (78%) vs. 82 (22%)]. The rates of ICU admissions and hospital length of stay did not show sex differences. Although variable across studies, compared to females, males received benzodiazepine treatment at higher frequency and dose. One study reported that the time from first hospitalization for AWS to death was approximately 1.5 years shorter for males and males had higher mortality rate [19.5% (197/1,016)] compared to females [16% (26/163)]. Conclusion Despite the significant heterogeneity of the studies selected and the lack of a focus on investigating potential sex differences, this review of clinical studies on AWS suggests that men and women exhibit different AWS manifestations. Large-scale studies focusing specifically on investigating sex difference in AWS are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayrunnisa Unlu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Baskent University School of Medicine Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Hande Ayraler Taner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Baskent University School of Medicine Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Duygu Kaba
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Baskent University School of Medicine Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burcu Akin Sari
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Baskent University School of Medicine Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Terry D. Schneekloth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Osama A. Abulseoud
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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Yehia A, Sousa RAL, Abulseoud OA. Sex difference in the association between blood alcohol concentration and serum ferritin. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1230406. [PMID: 37547205 PMCID: PMC10401063 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1230406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The sex difference in alcohol use disorder (AUD) is ingrained in distinctive neurobiological responses between men and women, which necessitates further investigation for a more tailored management. Methods Minding the findings of iron dysregulation in AUD and the sex difference in iron homeostasis in multiple physiological and pathological settings, we examined the sex difference in the association between serum ferritin and blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in intoxicated males (n = 125) and females (n = 59). We included patients with both serum ferritin tested of any value and a BAC above the level of detection during the same hospital admission period. We investigated sex difference in the relationship between BAC, serum ferritin and liver enzymes in intoxicated critically ill and noncritically ill patients. Results We found a negative association between serum ferritin and BAC in critically ill, intoxicated females [R2 = 0.44, F(1,14) = 11.02, p = 0.005], with much attenuated serum ferritin in females compared to their male counterparts (194.5 ± 280.4 vs. 806.3 ± 3405.7 ng/L, p = 0.002). We found a positive association between serum ferritin and liver enzymes [alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transferase (AST)] in critically ill intoxicated females [ALT: R2 = 0.48, F(1,10) = 9.1, p = 0.013; AST: R2 = 0.68, F(1,10) = 21.2, p = 0.001] and in noncritically ill intoxicated males [ALT: R2 = 0.1, F(1,83) = 9.4, p = 0.003; AST: R2 = 0.1, F(1,78) = 10.5, p = 0.002]. The effect of BAC on serum ferritin was not mediated by ALT [indirect effect: (B = 0.13, p = 0.1)]. We also found a significant effect of sex, anemia, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality on serum ferritin. Discussion Our results suggest that high BAC in intoxicated female patients is associated with attenuated serum ferritin levels, questioning the role of low serum ferritin in female vulnerability to alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Yehia
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ricardo A L Sousa
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Osama A Abulseoud
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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Foo JC, Skorodumov I, Spanagel R, Meinhardt MW. Sex- and age-specific effects on the development of addiction and compulsive-like drinking in rats. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:44. [PMID: 37420305 PMCID: PMC10327342 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00529-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological factors are known to influence disease trajectories and treatment effectiveness in alcohol addiction and preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that sex is an important factor influencing disease dynamics in alcohol dependence. Another critical factor is age at first intoxicating drink, which has been identified as a risk factor for later alcohol binging. Preclinical research allows prospective monitoring of rodents throughout the lifespan, providing very detailed information that cannot be acquired in humans. Lifetime monitoring in rodents can be conducted under highly controlled conditions, during which one can systematically introduce multiple biological and environmental factors that impact behaviors of interest. METHODS Here, we used the alcohol deprivation effect (ADE) rat model of alcohol addiction in a computerized drinkometer system, acquiring high-resolution data to study changes over the course of addictive behavior as well as compulsive-like drinking in cohorts of adolescent vs. adult as well as male vs. female rats. RESULTS Female rats drank more alcohol than male rats during the whole experiment, drinking much more weak alcohol (5%) and similar amounts of stronger alcohol solutions (10%, 20%); female rats also consumed more alcohol than male rats during quinine taste adulteration. Increased consumption in females compared to males was driven by larger access sizes of alcohol. Differences in circadian patterns of movement were observed between groups. Early age of onset of drinking (postnatal day 40) in male rats had surprisingly little impact on the development of drinking behavior and compulsivity (quinine taste adulteration) when compared to rats that started drinking during early adulthood (postnatal day 72). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that there are sex-specific drinking patterns, not only in terms of total amount consumed, but specifically in terms of solution preference and access size. These findings provide a better understanding of sex and age factors involved in the development of drinking behavior, and can inform the preclinical development of models of addiction, drug development and exploration of options for new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome C. Foo
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute for Psychopharmacology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ivan Skorodumov
- Institute for Psychopharmacology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Institute for Psychopharmacology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marcus W. Meinhardt
- Institute for Psychopharmacology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Molecular Neuroimaging, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Roberts W, Schick MR, Tomko RL, McRae-Clark AL, Pittmann B, Gueorgieva R, McKee SA. Developmental trajectories of alcohol and cannabis concurrent use in a nationally representative sample of United States youths. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 248:109908. [PMID: 37149960 PMCID: PMC10330385 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have identified common trajectories of single type substance use over the course of adolescence; however, no study to date has examined joint trajectories of cannabis and alcohol concurrent use. Given that expansion of legal cannabis has increased availability, it is important to understand patterns of concurrent use in adolescents and factors that place male and female youth at risk for harmful trajectories of concurrent use. The current study sought to identify joint trajectories of cannabis and alcohol use - and predictors of harmful use trajectories - among male and female adolescents. METHOD We used 4 waves of data from 6997 early adolescent participants (age 12-14 years at Wave 1) in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health, a nationally representative longitudinal study in the United States. Participants reported their cannabis and alcohol use reassessed yearly for 5 years (2013-2018). We used joint trajectory growth mixture modeling to identify trajectory groups as defined by changes in alcohol and cannabis use over time. RESULTS Five classes of alcohol and cannabis concurrent use trajectories were identified. Both internalizing and externalizing symptoms at Wave 1 increased the odds of membership in trajectory groups characterized by more harmful use trajectories. Internalizing symptomatology was a stronger predictor of membership in escalating use trajectories among girls, whereas externalizing symptomatology stronger predictor among boys. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the utility of jointly considering alcohol and cannabis use when describing common developmental trajectories of use and identifying risk factors for trajectories characterized by harmful use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Roberts
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, United States.
| | | | - Rachel L Tomko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, United States
| | - Aimee L McRae-Clark
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, United States; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, United States
| | - Brian Pittmann
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University, United States
| | | | - Sherry A McKee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, United States
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Patrick ME, Terry-McElrath YM, Peterson SJ, Birditt KS. Age- and Sex-Varying Associations Between Depressive Symptoms and Substance Use from Modal Ages 35 to 55 in a National Sample of U.S. Adults. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2023; 24:852-862. [PMID: 36680652 PMCID: PMC9862220 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-023-01491-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
It is important to examine normative age-related change in substance use risk factors across the lifespan, with research focusing on middle adulthood particularly needed. The current study examined time-varying associations between depressive symptoms and alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use from modal ages 35 to 55 in a national sample of US adults, overall and by sex. Data were obtained from 11,147 individuals in the longitudinal Monitoring the Future study. Participants were in 12th grade (modal age 18) in 1976-1982 and (for the data reported in this study) were surveyed again at modal ages 35 (in 1993-1999), 40, 45, 50, and 55 (in 2013-2019). Weighted time-varying effect modeling was used to examine age-related change in associations among depressive symptoms, any and heavy use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana. Across midlife, greater depressive symptoms were associated with decreased odds of any alcohol use during the 40 s and 50 s, but with increased odds of binge drinking from ages 35-40, and-at most ages-any and pack + cigarette use and any and frequent marijuana use. The association between depressive symptoms and substance use was generally similar for men and women. Results highlight the increased risk for binge drinking, smoking, and marijuana with higher levels of depressive symptoms and underscore the importance of screening and interventions for depressive symptoms and substance use in midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Patrick
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St., PO Box 1248, Ann Arbor, MI, 48106-1248, USA.
| | - Yvonne M Terry-McElrath
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St., PO Box 1248, Ann Arbor, MI, 48106-1248, USA
| | - Sarah J Peterson
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St., PO Box 1248, Ann Arbor, MI, 48106-1248, USA
| | - Kira S Birditt
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St., PO Box 1248, Ann Arbor, MI, 48106-1248, USA
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Vickers-Smith R, Justice AC, Becker WC, Rentsch CT, Curtis B, Fernander A, Hartwell EE, Ighodaro ET, Kember RL, Tate J, Kranzler HR. Racial and Ethnic Bias in the Diagnosis of Alcohol Use Disorder in Veterans. Am J Psychiatry 2023; 180:426-436. [PMID: 37132202 PMCID: PMC10238581 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.21111097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies show that racially and ethnically minoritized veterans have a higher prevalence of alcohol use disorder (AUD) than White veterans. The investigators examined whether the relationship between self-reported race and ethnicity and AUD diagnosis remains after adjusting for alcohol consumption, and if so, whether it varies by self-reported alcohol consumption. METHODS The sample included 700,012 Black, White, and Hispanic veterans enrolled in the Million Veteran Program. Alcohol consumption was defined as an individual's maximum score on the consumption subscale of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C), a screen for unhealthy alcohol use. A diagnosis of AUD, the primary outcome, was defined by the presence of relevant ICD-9 or ICD-10 codes in electronic health records. Logistic regression with interactions was used to assess the association between race and ethnicity and AUD as a function of maximum AUDIT-C score. RESULTS Black and Hispanic veterans were more likely than White veterans to have an AUD diagnosis despite similar levels of alcohol consumption. The difference was greatest between Black and White men; at all but the lowest and highest levels of alcohol consumption, Black men had 23%-109% greater odds of an AUD diagnosis. The findings were unchanged after adjustment for alcohol consumption, alcohol-related disorders, and other potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS The large discrepancy in the prevalence of AUD across groups despite a similar distribution of alcohol consumption levels suggests that there is racial and ethnic bias, with Black and Hispanic veterans more likely than White veterans to receive an AUD diagnosis. Efforts are needed to reduce bias in the diagnostic process to address racialized differences in AUD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Vickers-Smith
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Integrated Service Network 4, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Amy C. Justice
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516
| | - William C. Becker
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516
| | - Christopher T. Rentsch
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK WC1E 7HT
| | - Brenda Curtis
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Anita Fernander
- Department of Integrated Medical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
| | - Emily E. Hartwell
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Integrated Service Network 4, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | - Rachel L. Kember
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Integrated Service Network 4, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Janet Tate
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516
| | - Henry R. Kranzler
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Integrated Service Network 4, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Abstract
Background: Adolescence is a common time for experimentation with substance use and the emergence of sex differences in substance use patterns. Although similar in early adolescence, male and female substance use patterns historically diverge by young adulthood, with males using more substances than females. We aim to add to current literature by utilizing a nationally representative sample, assessing a broad range of substances used, and focusing on a sentinel period during which sex differences emerge. We hypothesized that certain sex-specific substance use patterns emerge in adolescence. Methods: Data are from the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (n = 13,677), a nationally representative sample of high school students. Weighted logistic analyses of covariance adjusting for race/ethnicity evaluated males' and females' substance use (14 outcomes) by age category. Results: Among all adolescents, more males reported illicit substance use and cigarette smoking than females, whereas more females reported prescription opioid misuse, synthetic cannabis use, recent alcohol use, and binge drinking. Divergence between male and female use usually occurred at 18+ years. Odds of using most illicit substances were significantly greater among males than females at age 18+ years (aORs 1.7-4.47). Among 18+ year-olds, males and females did not differ in electronic vapor product use, alcohol use, binge drinking, cannabis use, synthetic cannabis use, cigarette smoking, or prescription opioid misuse. Conclusions: Sex differences in adolescent use of most but not all substances emerge by age 18+ years. Sex-specific patterns of adolescent substance use may inform specific prevention efforts and identify peak ages for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika Bhatia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
| | - Susan K. Mikulich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
| | - Crystal Natvig
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
| | - Joseph T. Sakai
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
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Levit JD, Meyers JL, Georgakopoulos P, Pato MT. Risk for alcohol use problems in severe mental illness: Interactions with sex and racial/ethnic minority status. J Affect Disord 2023; 325:329-336. [PMID: 36587907 PMCID: PMC9942932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is exceedingly common among individuals with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. However, studies on alcohol use in psychiatric illness rely largely on population surveys with limited representation of severe mental illness (SMI); schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. METHODS Using data from the Genomic Psychiatry Cohort (GPC) (Pato MT, 2013), associations of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia with alcohol use problems were examined in a diverse US based sample, considering the influence of self-described race (African Ancestry (AA), European Ancestry (EA), or Latinx Ancestry (LA)), sex, and tobacco use. Participants answered alcohol use problem items derived from the CAGE instrument, yielding a summed "probable" alcohol use disorder (pAUD) risk score. RESULTS This study included 1952 individuals with bipolar disorder with psychosis (BDwP), 409 with bipolar disorder without psychosis (BD), 9218 with schizophrenia (SCZ), and 10,416 unaffected individuals. We found that SMI (BDwP, BD, SCZ) was associated with elevated AUD risk scores (B = 0.223, p < 0.001), an association which was strongest in females, particularly those of AA and LA, and in tobacco users. Schizophrenia was associated with the greatest increase in pAUD score (B = 0.141, p < 0.001). pAUD risk scores were increased among participants with bipolar disorder, with greater increases in BDwP (B = 0.125, p < 0.001) than in BD without psychosis (B = 0.027, p < 0.001). LIMITATIONS Limitations include reliance on self-report data, screening items for AUD, voluntary recruitment bias, and differences in race/sex distribution between groups, which were statistically adjusted for in analytic models. CONCLUSIONS SMI is associated with risk for AUD, particularly among females from racial minority groups, smokers, and those with psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Levit
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacquelyn L Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Michele T Pato
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
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Lu W, Xu L, Goodwin RD, Muñoz-Laboy M, Sohler N. Widening Gaps and Disparities in the Treatment of Adolescent Alcohol and Drug Use Disorders. Am J Prev Med 2023; 64:704-715. [PMID: 36894480 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The overall prevalence of alcohol use disorders and drug use disorders in adolescents has been declining in recent years, yet little is known about treatment use for these disorders among adolescents. This study aimed to examine the patterns and demographics of treatment of alcohol use disorders, drug use disorders, and both conditions among U.S. adolescents. METHODS This study used publicly available data for adolescents aged 12-17 years from the annual cross-sectional surveys of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2011-2019. Data were analyzed between July 2021 and November 2022. RESULTS From 2011 to 2019, fewer than 11%, 15%, and 17% of adolescents with 12-month alcohol use disorders, drug use disorders, and both conditions received treatment, respectively, with significant decreases in treatment use for drug use disorders (OR=0.93; CI=0.89, 0.97; p=0.002). Overall, treatment use in outpatient rehabilitation facilities and self-help groups was most common but decreased over the course of the study period. Extensive disparities in treatment use were further identified on the basis of adolescents' gender, age, race, family structure, and mental health. CONCLUSIONS To improve adolescent treatment use for alcohol and drug use disorders, assessments and engagement interventions that are gender specific, developmentally appropriate, culturally sensitive, and contextually informed are especially needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Lu
- Department of Community Health and Social Medicine, School of Medicine, The City University of New York, New York, New York.
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Renee D Goodwin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The City University of New York, New York, New York; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Nancy Sohler
- Department of Community Health and Social Medicine, School of Medicine, The City University of New York, New York, New York
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Valyear MD, LeCocq MR, Brown A, Villaruel FR, Segal D, Chaudhri N. Learning processes in relapse to alcohol use: lessons from animal models. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:393-416. [PMID: 36264342 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alcohol use is reliably preceded by discrete and contextual stimuli which, through diverse learning processes, acquire the capacity to promote alcohol use and relapse to alcohol use. OBJECTIVE We review contemporary extinction, renewal, reinstatement, occasion setting, and sex differences research within a conditioning framework of relapse to alcohol use to inform the development of behavioural and pharmacological therapies. KEY FINDINGS Diverse learning processes and corresponding neurobiological substrates contribute to relapse to alcohol use. Results from animal models indicate that cortical, thalamic, accumbal, hypothalamic, mesolimbic, glutamatergic, opioidergic, and dopaminergic circuitries contribute to alcohol relapse through separable learning processes. Behavioural therapies could be improved by increasing the endurance and generalizability of extinction learning and should incorporate whether discrete cues and contexts influence behaviour through direct excitatory conditioning or occasion setting mechanisms. The types of learning processes that most effectively influence responding for alcohol differ in female and male rats. CONCLUSION Sophisticated conditioning experiments suggest that diverse learning processes are mediated by distinct neural circuits and contribute to relapse to alcohol use. These experiments also suggest that gender-specific behavioural and pharmacological interventions are a way towards efficacious therapies to prevent relapse to alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan D Valyear
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Psychology, McGill University, 1205 Ave. Dr. Penfield, Room N8/5, Montréal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada.
| | - Mandy R LeCocq
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexa Brown
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Franz R Villaruel
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Diana Segal
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nadia Chaudhri
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Arnold ME, Butts AN, Erlenbach TR, Amico KN, Schank JR. Sex differences in neuronal activation during aversion-resistant alcohol consumption. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:240-250. [PMID: 36575056 PMCID: PMC9992309 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the DSM-5 criteria for Alcohol Use Disorder is continued alcohol consumption despite negative consequences. This has been modeled in mice using adulteration of alcohol solution with the bitter tastant quinine. Mice that continue to consume alcohol despite this adulteration are considered aversion resistant. The limited number of studies dissecting the underlying neuronal mechanisms of aversion-resistant drinking behaviors used only male subjects. We have previously shown that female mice are more resistant to quinine adulteration of alcohol than males. Our aim here is to identify potential sex differences in neuronal activation that may underlie this behavior. METHODS Male and female C57BL/6J mice were allowed continuous access to 20% alcohol in a two-bottle choice procedure. To test aversion-resistance, the alcohol was adulterated with increasing concentrations (0.03, 0.1, and 0.2 mM) of quinine hydrochloride. After consumption rates were calculated, brains were extracted to examine neuronal activation using Fos immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We found that female mice suppressed their intake to a lesser extent than males when the alcohol solution was adulterated with quinine. Our Fos staining revealed three regions of interest that exhibit a sex difference during quinine-adulterated alcohol drinking: the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), the posterior insular cortex (PIC), and the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Both the vmPFC and the PIC exhibited higher neuronal activation in males during quinine-adulterated alcohol consumption. However, females showed higher Fos activation in the VTA during quinine-adulterated alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS Females more readily exhibit aversion-resistant alcohol intake than their male counterparts and exhibit some differences in neuronal activation patterns. We conclude that there are sex differences in neurocircuitry that may underlie compulsive drinking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda E Arnold
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Arielle N Butts
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Theresa R Erlenbach
- Department of Genetics, Franklin College of Arts and Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Kristen N Amico
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jesse R Schank
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Victor G, Hedden-Clayton B. Substance Use and Violence Victimization Among Women: A Review of Relevant Literature. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2023; 38:25-52. [PMID: 36717198 DOI: 10.1891/vv-2021-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A review of the recent scientific literature on the relationship between substance use and violence victimization among women in the United States is presented. Systematic review methodology adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses guidelines. In total, 15 studies were identified that met inclusion criteria. There is substantial evidence suggesting substance use (e.g., severity of use, types of substances used) is associated with women's violent victimization histories. Evidence suggests that women are uniquely situated in illicit drug markets and other illicit economies in a manner that increases their risk for violent victimization. The strengths and shortcomings of current theoretical explanations of substance use and violence victimization are discussed, as well as considerations for future research and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Victor
- School of Social Work Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Bethany Hedden-Clayton
- Center for Behavioral Health and Justice, School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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de Beurs E, Jadnanansing R, Etwaroo K, Blankers M, Bipat R, Peen J, Dekker J. Norms and T-scores for screeners of alcohol use, depression and anxiety in the population of Suriname. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1088696. [PMID: 37181892 PMCID: PMC10172675 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1088696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is a considerable gap between care provision and the demand for care for common mental disorders in low-and-middle-income countries. Screening for these disorders, e.g., in primary care, will help to close this gap. However, appropriate norms and threshold values for screeners of common mental disorders are lacking. Methods In a survey study, we gathered data on frequently used screeners for alcohol use disorders, (AUDIT), depression, (CES-D), and anxiety disorders (GAD-7, ACQ, and BSQ) in a representative sample from Suriname, a non-Latin American Caribbean country. A stratified sampling method was used by random selection of 2,863 respondents from 5 rural and 12 urban resorts. We established descriptive statistics of all scale scores and investigated unidimensionality. Furthermore, we compared scores by gender, age-group, and education level with t-test and Mann-Whitney U tests, using a significance level of p < 0.05. Results Norms and crosswalk tables were established for the conversion of raw scores into a common metric: T-scores. Furthermore, recommended cut-off values on the T-score metric for severity levels were compared with international cut-off values for raw scores on these screeners. Discussion The appropriateness of these cut-offs and the value of converting raw scores into T-scores are discussed. Cut-off values help with screening and early detection of those who are likely to have a common mental health disorder and may require treatment. Conversion of raw scores to a common metric in this study facilitates the interpretation of questionnaire results for clinicians and can improve health care provision through measurement-based care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin de Beurs
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden Universiteit, Leiden, Netherlands
- Research department, Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Edwin de Beurs,
| | - Raj Jadnanansing
- Department of Psysiology, Anton de Kom University, Tammenga, Suriname
| | - Kajal Etwaroo
- Department of Psysiology, Anton de Kom University, Tammenga, Suriname
| | - Matthijs Blankers
- Research department, Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Trimbos Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Robbert Bipat
- Department of Psysiology, Anton de Kom University, Tammenga, Suriname
| | - Jaap Peen
- Research department, Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jack Dekker
- Research department, Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Hoopsick RA, Homish DL, Lawson SC, Homish GG. Drug use over time among never-deployed US Army Reserve and National Guard soldiers: The longitudinal effects of non-deployment emotions and sex. Stress Health 2022; 38:1045-1057. [PMID: 35500288 PMCID: PMC9853315 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Some US military service members who have never been deployed experience negative emotions related to never having been deployed, and some work shows these non-deployment emotions (NDE) are cross-sectionally associated with hazardous drinking for male, but not female, US Army Reserve/National Guard (USAR/NG) soldiers. However, it is not known if these effects extend to drug use or persist longitudinally, which is the focus of the current study. We conducted a longitudinal residual change analysis of a subset of data (N = 182 never-deployed soldiers) from Operation: SAFETY, an ongoing survey-based study of USAR/NG soldiers recruited from units across New York State. Outcome measures included current tobacco use, non-medical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD), current cannabis use, and other current illicit drug use (excluding cannabis) at four time points over a 3-year period. Results from bootstrapped residual change generalized estimating equation (GEE) models show that more negative NDE were longitudinally associated with a greater likelihood of current NMUPD among male, but not female, soldiers (p < 0.05). NDE were not longitudinally associated with current tobacco use, cannabis use, or other illicit drug use among male or female soldiers (ps > 0.05). NDE may contribute to ongoing NMUPD among male USAR/NG soldiers who have never been deployed. Never-deployed soldiers, especially those with negative emotions related to never having been deployed, should not be overlooked in military screening and intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Hoopsick
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1206 S. Fourth Street, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - D. Lynn Homish
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Schuyler C. Lawson
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Gregory G. Homish
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
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A Bridge of Distress: Distress as the Critical Mediator Between Substance Use Disorders and Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder Among Women. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00964-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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Metz VE, Palzes VA, Kline-Simon AH, Chi FW, Weisner CM, Sterling SA. Predicting severe alcohol use disorders in primary care using number of heavy drinking days. Addiction 2022; 117:2847-2854. [PMID: 35852025 DOI: 10.1111/add.16000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although screening for unhealthy alcohol use is becoming more common, severe alcohol use disorders (AUDs) associated with the most severe medical and socio-economic sequelae still often go unidentified in primary care. To improve identification of severe AUDs and aid clinical decision-making, we aimed to identify a threshold of heavy drinking days (HDDs) associated with severe AUDs. DESIGN, SETTING AND CASES This cohort study analyzed electronic health record data of 138 765 adults who reported ≥ 1 HDD (4+ drinks/occasion for women and men aged ≥ 65 years, 5+ for men aged 18-64 years) during a 3-month period at a routine alcohol screening in primary care in a large Northern California, USA health-care system from 2014 to 2017. Our sample was 66.5% male, 59.7% white, 11.0% Asian/Pacific Islander, 5.0% black, 17.4% Latino/Hispanic and 7.0% other/unknown race/ethnicity; the mean age was 40.6 years (standard deviation = 15.2). MEASUREMENTS We compared sensitivity and specificity of different thresholds of the reported number of HDDs during a 3-month period for predicting severe AUD diagnoses in the following year, in the full sample and by sex and age. FINDINGS The prevalence of severe AUD diagnoses in the year after the screening was 0.6%. The optimal threshold predicting future severe AUD diagnoses in the full sample was ≥ 5 HDDs during a 3-month period [sensitivity = 68.9%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 65.9, 72.0; specificity = 63.2%, 95% CI = 62.9, 63.4], but varied by sex and age. Women had a lower threshold than men (4 versus 6 HDDs), which decreased as women aged (from 5 HDDs among 18-24 years to 4 HDDs ≥ 25 years), but increased as men aged (from 5 HDDs among 18-24 years to 6 HDDs among 25-64 years, to 7 HDDs ≥ 65 years). CONCLUSIONS Five or more heavy drinking days in a 3-month period may indicate heightened risk of future severe alcohol use disorder in an adult primary care population. The optimal thresholds are lower for women than for men, and thresholds decrease as women age but increase as men age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena E Metz
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Center for Addiction and Mental Health Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Vanessa A Palzes
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Center for Addiction and Mental Health Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Andrea H Kline-Simon
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Center for Addiction and Mental Health Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Felicia W Chi
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Center for Addiction and Mental Health Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Constance M Weisner
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Center for Addiction and Mental Health Research, Oakland, CA, USA.,UCSF Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stacy A Sterling
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Center for Addiction and Mental Health Research, Oakland, CA, USA.,UCSF Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, USA
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Amico KN, Arnold ME, Dourron MS, Solomon MG, Schank JR. The effect of concurrent access to alcohol and oxycodone on self-administration and reinstatement in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:3277-3286. [PMID: 35972517 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06210-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Although polysubstance use is highly prevalent, preclinical studies that assess voluntary consumption of multiple substances at the same time are rather uncommon. Overlooking drug taking patterns commonly observed in humans may limit the translational value of preclinical models. OBJECTIVES Here, we aimed to develop a model of polysubstance use that could be used to assess oral operant self-administration patterns under concurrent access to alcohol and the prescription opioid oxycodone. METHODS After a training period where animals associated specific cues and levers with each drug, rats self-administered alcohol and oxycodone solutions concurrently in daily sessions. Oxycodone was then removed to assess potential changes in alcohol consumption. The role of cues and stress on alcohol consumption and oxycodone seeking was also examined under reinstatement conditions. RESULTS We found that females consumed more alcohol and oxycodone than males when given access to both drugs, and this effect on alcohol intake persisted when oxycodone was removed. Additionally, re-exposure to oxycodone cues in combination with the administration of the pharmacological stressor yohimbine drove reinstatement of oxycodone seeking in females but did not have a strong effect in males, possibly due to low levels of oxycodone intake during active self-administration in male rats. Additionally, yohimbine drove increased alcohol consumption, in line with prior findings from our group and others. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, this study demonstrates that rats will concurrently self-administer both oxycodone and alcohol in operant chambers, and this procedure can serve as a platform for future investigations in polysubstance use and relapse-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen N Amico
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 DW Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Miranda E Arnold
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 DW Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Morgan S Dourron
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 DW Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Matthew G Solomon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 DW Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jesse R Schank
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 DW Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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Zhu B, Zhou J, Chen Y, Xu K, Wu Y, Wang Y, Wang N, Liu T, Fu C. Incidence rate, risk factors and behaviour changes for alcohol drinking: findings from a community-based cohort study in Southwest China. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060914. [PMID: 36100302 PMCID: PMC9472170 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-060914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe changes in alcohol drinking behaviour, estimate the incidence rate of alcohol drinking and explore its risk factors in the Chinese community population. DESIGN A community population prospective cohort study. SETTING A total of 48 townships of 12 counties or districts in Guizhou province, China. PARTICIPANTS With the multistage proportional stratified cluster sampling method, a total of 7343 adult residents were enrolled into this study and eligible to be analysed. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The incidence rate and its risk factor (adjusted HR (aHR) and 95% CIs) as well as the prevalence of alcohol drinking. RESULTS There was a little increase trend in the overall prevalence of alcohol drinking among 7343 subjects over an average of 7.22-year follow-up, and the prevalence in women increased by 2.5% statistically (p=0.001). Among 5005 non-drinkers in 7343 subjects at baseline, 1107 incident drinkers were identified, and the incidence rate of alcohol drinking was estimated at 30.63/1000 person-years with significant sex difference (57.46 vs 17.99 per 1000 person-years for men and women, respectively, p<0.001). The incidence rate decreased gradually with age, peaking in men aged 18-29 years old and women aged 30-39 years old at baseline. After the adjustment for covariates, being male (aHR=3.46, 95% CI: 3.02 to 3.96), being non-Han Chinese (aHR=1.65, 95% CI: 1.44 to 1.88), living in urban areas (aHR=3.50, 95% CI: 3.01 to 4.08), being employed (aHR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.16 to 1.52), smoking (aHR=1.17, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.38) and having no history of chronic diseases (aHR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.35) were independent risk factors for incident drinkers. CONCLUSION The number of women increased in the prevalence of alcohol drinking significantly although there was no significant overall change for the cohort population in Southwest China. Also, there was a high risk of developing alcohol drinking among the study population, especially for those non-drinkers who were younger men, non-Han Chinese, living in urban areas, employed, current smokers or without any chronic diseases. Interventions to prevent and manage alcohol consumption should be designed and implemented in Chinese communities as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Institute of Chronic Disease Control, Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yun Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Kelin Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanli Wu
- Institute of Chronic Disease Control, Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yiying Wang
- Institute of Chronic Disease Control, Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Na Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Institute of Chronic Disease Control, Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Chaowei Fu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China
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Speed S, Ward RM, Haus L, Branscum P, Barrios V, Budd KM, Lemons K, Humenay E. A Systematic Review of Common Drunkorexia Measures: Examining Gender Differences across Scales. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2022.2100846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Acevedo A, Rodriguez Borja I, Alarcon Falconi TM, Carzo N, Naumova E. Hospitalizations for Alcohol and Opioid Use Disorders in Older Adults: Trends, Comorbidities, and Differences by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity. Subst Abuse 2022; 16:11782218221116733. [PMID: 35966614 PMCID: PMC9373119 DOI: 10.1177/11782218221116733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Background The prevalence of substance use disorders (SUDs) among adults ages 65 and older has been increasing at a notably high rate in recent years, yet little information exists on hospitalizations for SUDs among this age group. In this study we examined trends in hospitalizations for alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and opioid use disorders (OUDs) among adults 65 and older in the United States, including differences by gender and race/ethnicity. Methods We used Medicare claims data for years 2007-2014 from beneficiaries ages 65 and older. We abstracted hospitalization records with an ICD-9 diagnostic code for an AUD or OUD. Hospitalization rates were calculated using population estimates from the United States Census. We examined trends in quarterly hospitalization rates for hospitalizations with AUD/OUD as primary diagnoses, and separately for those with these disorders as secondary diagnoses. We also examined comorbidities for those with a primary diagnosis of AUD/OUD. Analyses were conducted for all hospitalizations with AUD/OUD diagnoses, and separately by gender and race/ethnicity. Results Between the last quarter of 2007 and the third quarter of 2014, AUD hospitalization rates increased from 485 to 579 per million (19%), and OUD hospitalization rates from 46 to 101 per million (120%) and varied by gender (for AUD) and race/ethnicity (for both AUD and OUD). Hospitalization rates were particularly high for Black older adults, as was the increase in hospitalization rates. The increase in hospitalization rates was substantially higher for hospitalizations with AUD (84%) and OUD (269%) as secondary diagnoses. Conclusions Hospitalizations for AUDs and OUDs among older adults increased at an alarming rate during the observation period, and disparities existed in hospitalization rates for these conditions. Interventions focusing on the needs of older adults with AUD and/or OUD are needed, particularly to address the needs of a growing racially/ethnically diverse older adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Acevedo
- Department of Community Health, Tufts
University, Medford, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Nicole Carzo
- Department of Community Health, Tufts
University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Elena Naumova
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science
and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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Munier JJ, Marty VN, Spigelman I. Sex differences in α-adrenergic receptor function contribute to impaired hypothalamic metaplasticity following chronic intermittent ethanol exposure. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:1384-1396. [PMID: 35791038 PMCID: PMC9612407 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) exhibit maladaptive responses of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis to stress, which has been linked to high rates of relapse to drinking among abstinent individuals. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) parvocellular neuroendocrine cells (PNCs) within the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) are critical to stress-induced HPA axis activation. Here, we investigate sex differences in synaptic transmission and plasticity in PNCs following the application of the stress-associated neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) in a rat model of AUD. METHODS Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 40 days of chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) vapor and 30 to 108 days of protracted withdrawal. We measured changes in holding current, evoked synaptic currents, and short-term glutamatergic plasticity (STP) in putative PNCs following the application of NE (10 μM) with and without the selective α1 adrenergic receptor (AR) antagonist prazosin (10 μM) or the α2AR antagonist atipamezole (10 μM). The experiments were performed using whole-cell patch clamp recordings in slices from CIE rats and air-exposed controls. RESULTS NE application caused two distinct effects: a depolarizing, inward, postsynaptic current and a reduction in amplitude of an evoked glutamatergic excitatory postsynaptic current (eEPSC). Both effects were sex- and CIE-specific. Prazosin blocked the postsynaptic inward current, while atipamezole blocked the NE-mediated suppression of eEPSCs. Additionally, STP formation was facilitated following NE application only in stress-naïve males and this response was lost in stressed animals exposed to a 30-min restraint stress following CIE exposure. Furthermore, NE + prazosin restored STP formation in stressed CIE males. CONCLUSIONS NE exerts excitatory and inhibitory effects on CRF PVN PNCs, and both effects are influenced by sex and CIE. Behavioral and hormonal responses to stress are influenced by STP formation within the PVN, which is lost following CIE and restored with the preapplication of prazosin. The selective blockade of α1AR may, therefore, ameliorate CIE-induced deficits in HPA responses to stress in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J. Munier
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Section of Biosystems and Function, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vincent N. Marty
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Section of Biosystems and Function, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Igor Spigelman
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Section of Biosystems and Function, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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McKee SA, McRae-Clark AL. Consideration of sex and gender differences in addiction medication response. Biol Sex Differ 2022; 13:34. [PMID: 35761351 PMCID: PMC9235243 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-022-00441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance use continues to contribute to significant morbidity and mortality in the United States, for both women and men, more so than another other preventable health condition. To reduce the public health burden attributable to substances, the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism have identified that medication development for substance use disorder is a high priority research area. Furthermore, both Institutes have stated that research on sex and gender differences in substance use medication development is a critical area. The purpose of the current narrative review is to highlight how sex and gender have been considered (or not) in medication trials for substance use disorders to clarify and summarize what is known regarding sex and gender differences in efficacy and to provide direction to the field to advance medication development that is consistent with current NIH 'sex as a biological variable' (SABV) policy. To that end, we reviewed major classes of abused substances (nicotine, alcohol, cocaine, cannabis, opioids) demonstrating that, sex and gender have not been well-considered in addiction medication development research. However, when adequate data on sex and gender differences have been evaluated (i.e., in tobacco cessation), clinically significant differences in response have been identified between women and men. Across the other drugs of abuse reviewed, data also suggest sex and gender may be predictive of outcome for some agents, although the relatively low representation of women in clinical research samples limits making definitive conclusions. We recommend the incorporation of sex and gender into clinical care guidelines and improved access to publicly available sex-stratified data from medication development investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry A. McKee
- Yale School of Medicine, 2 Church St South, Suite 109, New Haven, CT 06519 USA
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Oliverio R, Fitzgerald J, Velazquez-Cruz R, Whitehead B, Karelina K, Weil ZM. Ovarian Steroids Mediate Sex Differences in Alcohol Reward After Brain Injury in Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:907552. [PMID: 35801094 PMCID: PMC9253769 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.907552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intoxication is a leading risk factor for injury, and TBI increases the risk for later alcohol misuse, especially when the injury is sustained in childhood. Previously, we modeled this pattern in mice, wherein females injured at postnatal day 21 drank significantly more than uninjured females, while we did not see this effect in males. However, the biological underpinnings of this sex difference have remained elusive. In this study, we utilize this preclinical model and traditional endocrine manipulations to assess the effect of perinatal sex steroids on post-injury ethanol response. We found that perinatal androgen administration and adult ovariectomy prevented the development of conditioned place preference to ethanol in females, while there was not an effect of gonadectomy either developmental time point on the severity of axonal degeneration. Finally, although TBI increased the number of microglia in males, there was no corresponding effect of gonadectomy, which suggests that males exhibit prolonged neuroinflammation after brain injury irrespective of circulating sex steroids. Taken together, our results indicate a potential role for ovarian sex steroids in the development of greater alcohol preference after a juvenile TBI in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Oliverio
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- *Correspondence: Robin Oliverio,
| | - Julie Fitzgerald
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ruth Velazquez-Cruz
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Bailey Whitehead
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Kate Karelina
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Zachary M. Weil
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
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Falade-Nwulia O, Felsher M, Kidorf M, Tobin K, Yang C, Latkin C. The impact of social network dynamics on engagement in drug use reduction programs among men and women who use drugs. J Subst Abuse Treat 2022; 137:108713. [PMID: 34969578 PMCID: PMC9086095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-sectional studies have shown strong relationships between social network characteristics and substance use disorder (SUD) treatment engagement. The current study examined associations between longitudinal changes in egocentric social networks of male and female people who use drugs (PWUD) and engagement in drug use reduction programs, broadly defined as either formal SUD treatment or self-help groups. METHOD Using data from an HIV prevention and care study in Baltimore, MD, this study categorized PWUD into those who engaged and did not engage in any drug use reduction programs over two follow-ups during a one-year observation window. The study used multivariate logistic generalized estimating equations (GEE) to examine associations between network composition and stability measures and drug use reduction program engagement, stratified by gender. RESULTS Of the 176 subjects participating in drug use reduction programs at baseline, 56.3% remained engaged at one year. Among both male and female respondents, higher turnover into non-kin networks was associated with increased odds of engagement in drug use reduction programs (AOR 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1-1.9, AOR 1.3; 95% CI: 1.0-1.8, respectively). For males, retention of intimate partner networks was associated with increased odds of program engagement (AOR 2.9; 95% CI: 1.1-7.6); for females, higher turnover into kin networks was associated with decreased odds of engagement (AOR 0.8; 95% CI: 0.5-1.0). CONCLUSION Evaluation of associations between social network characteristics and drug use reduction program engagement appears to benefit from longitudinal analyses that are stratified by gender. Efforts to improve retention in formal SUD treatment or self-help groups might consider intervening through social networks, perhaps by increasing overall levels of social support.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marisa Felsher
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Michael Kidorf
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Karin Tobin
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Cui Yang
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Carl Latkin
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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Efrati Y, Goldman K, Levin K, Rosca P. Early-life trauma, negative and positive life events, compulsive sexual behavior disorder and risky sexual action tendencies among young women with substance use disorder. Addict Behav 2022; 133:107379. [PMID: 35659693 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Although significant advances have been made in the field to date, gender-based issues for women remain a neglected area in much of substance abuse research. In the current study we examined two gaps in the literature: the co-occurrence of compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) and risky sexual action tendencies among women with substance use disorders (SUDs), and their shared antecedents in the form of early life adversity and negative life events. The sample comprised 132 women of whom 62 had substance use disorder (drug and alcohol) and 70 were healthy controls. Each participant completed self-report measures of drug abuse and alcoholism, compulsive sexual behavior disorder and risky sexual action tendencies as well as early-life trauma and negative and positive life events. Results indicate that young women with substance use disorder have higher compulsive sexual behavior disorder symptoms and more prevalent risky sexual action tendencies than controls. Compulsive sexual behavior was also found to mediate the association between substance use and risky sexual action tendencies. In addition, all addictive behaviors were linked with emotional abuse at childhood but not with other types of abuse. Conversely, negative life events in adulthood were only linked with CSBD and not with substance use. The findings provide deeper insights into the comorbidity of addictive behaviors and an opportunity for developing more effective treatments for women who suffer from these addictions.
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Analysis of female enrollment in clinical trials for alcohol and substance use disorders: Is it time for sex-informed pharmacotherapy? Contemp Clin Trials 2022; 118:106784. [PMID: 35618230 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2022.106784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women represent an increasing number of individuals with alcohol and substance use disorders (ASUDs), and sex-differences might affect results of interventional clinical trials (CTs). We aim at assessing the proportion of women and the reporting of sex-stratified and female-specific data in CTs for ASUDs. METHODS We extracted data from ClinicalTrials.gov on Phase 1-3 CTs of investigational drugs for ASUDs conducted from 2000 to 2021 and identified articles related to these trials. We determined the average proportions of women enrolled per trial overall, over time, and by disease area and trial phase. Next, we calculated the proportion of articles reporting sex-stratified and female-specific data. RESULTS In the 234 CTs identified, the overall proportion of women was 33.4% [95% CI: 32.7%-33.9%]), with an increasing temporal trend. Women's participation was higher in CTs of investigational drugs for tobacco (43.5% [95% CI: 42.4% -44.5%]) and alcohol use disorder (35.9% [95% CI: 34.54%-37.21%]), and closely mirrored their representation in the disease populations (46% and 37%). Conversely, women were underrepresented in clinical trials of drugs for stimulants and cocaine use disorders (25.8% [95% CI: 24.6%-27.1%]) and opioid use disorders (25.9% [95% CI:24.2%-27.7%]). Nine publications reported sex-stratified data in the method and/or result section, whereas none documented female-specific data. CONCLUSIONS Enrollment of women in ASUDs CTs has increased over time but remains low in several disease areas. This, together with the low rates of reporting of sex-stratified data, calls for an adequate inclusion of sex in the design and analysis of CTs for ASUDs.
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Moore R, Gillanders D, Stuart S. The Impact of Group Emotion Regulation Interventions on Emotion Regulation Ability: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092519. [PMID: 35566645 PMCID: PMC9105582 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotional regulation (ER) as a concept is not clearly defined, and there is a lack of clarity about how individuals can improve their ability to regulate emotions. Nevertheless, there is increasing evidence of the importance of ER as a transdiagnostic treatment target across mental health problems. This review examines the impact of ER group interventions on ER ability compared with no intervention, other comparable group interventions, or control conditions. A systematic review was conducted, in which 15 studies were included. Although types of ER intervention were mixed, the interventions had a considerable overlap in skills taught and how ER was measured. In all but one study, the ER intervention improved ER ability. ER interventions were superior to waitlist or treatment as usual, but there was limited evidence to suggest they were superior to other active treatments. Data from some studies suggest that improved ER was sustained at follow-up. Across the studies, there was generally poor linking of theory to practice, which hampers understanding of how interventions were constructed and why different skills were included. Although the results need to be interpreted with caution due to issues with methodological quality with the included papers, there is promising evidence that ER group interventions significantly improve ER ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Moore
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow Psychological Trauma Service, Festival Business Centre, 150 Brand Street, Glasgow G51 1DH, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - David Gillanders
- School of Health in Social Science, Elsie Inglis Quad, Teviot Place, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK;
| | - Simon Stuart
- NHS Lanarkshire, Hunter Health Centre, Andrew Street, East Kilbride G74 1AD, UK;
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