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Lorenzetti V, Gaillard A, McTavish E, Grace S, Rossetti MG, Batalla A, Bellani M, Brambilla P, Chye Y, Conrod P, Cousijn J, Labuschagne I, Clemente A, Mackey S, Rendell P, Solowij N, Suo C, Li CSR, Terrett G, Thompson PM, Yücel M, Garavan H, Roberts CA. Cannabis Dependence is Associated with Reduced Hippocampal Subregion Volumes Independently of Sex: Findings from an ENIGMA Addiction Working Group Multi-Country Study. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2024. [PMID: 38498015 DOI: 10.1089/can.2023.0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Males and females who consume cannabis can experience different mental health and cognitive problems. Neuroscientific theories of addiction postulate that dependence is underscored by neuroadaptations, but do not account for the contribution of distinct sexes. Further, there is little evidence for sex differences in the neurobiology of cannabis dependence as most neuroimaging studies have been conducted in largely male samples in which cannabis dependence, as opposed to use, is often not ascertained. Methods: We examined subregional hippocampus and amygdala volumetry in a sample of 206 people recruited from the ENIGMA Addiction Working Group. They included 59 people with cannabis dependence (17 females), 49 cannabis users without cannabis dependence (20 females), and 98 controls (33 females). Results: We found no group-by-sex effect on subregional volumetry. The left hippocampal cornu ammonis subfield 1 (CA1) volumes were lower in dependent cannabis users compared with non-dependent cannabis users (p<0.001, d=0.32) and with controls (p=0.022, d=0.18). Further, the left cornu ammonis subfield 3 (CA3) and left dentate gyrus volumes were lower in dependent versus non-dependent cannabis users but not versus controls (p=0.002, d=0.37, and p=0.002, d=0.31, respectively). All models controlled for age, intelligence quotient (IQ), alcohol and tobacco use, and intracranial volume. Amygdala volumetry was not affected by group or group-by-sex, but was smaller in females than males. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the relationship between cannabis dependence and subregional volumetry was not moderated by sex. Specifically, dependent (rather than non-dependent) cannabis use may be associated with alterations in selected hippocampus subfields high in cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptors and implicated in addictive behavior. As these data are cross-sectional, it is plausible that differences predate cannabis dependence onset and contribute to the initiation of cannabis dependence. Longitudinal neuroimaging work is required to examine the time-course of the onset of subregional hippocampal alterations in cannabis dependence, and their progression as cannabis dependence exacerbates or recovers over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Lorenzetti
- Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexandra Gaillard
- Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Mental Health and Department of Health Sciences and Biostatistics, Swinburne University, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Eugene McTavish
- Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sally Grace
- Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maria Gloria Rossetti
- UOC Psichiatria, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI), Verona, Italy
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Albert Batalla
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcella Bellani
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- UOC Psichiatria, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI), Verona, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Yann Chye
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Patricia Conrod
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Janna Cousijn
- Neuroscience of Addiction Lab, Center for Substance Use and Addiction Research (CESAR), Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Izelle Labuschagne
- Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Adam Clemente
- Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Scott Mackey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Peter Rendell
- Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Nadia Solowij
- School of Psychology, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Chao Suo
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gill Terrett
- Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Department of Neurology, Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - Murat Yücel
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Hugh Garavan
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Carl A Roberts
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Rezayof A, Ghasemzadeh Z, Sahafi OH. Addictive drugs modify neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity to impair memory formation through neurotransmitter imbalances and signaling dysfunction. Neurochem Int 2023; 169:105572. [PMID: 37423274 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Drug abuse changes neurophysiological functions at multiple cellular and molecular levels in the addicted brain. Well-supported scientific evidence suggests that drugs negatively affect memory formation, decision-making and inhibition, and emotional and cognitive behaviors. The mesocorticolimbic brain regions are involved in reward-related learning and habitual drug-seeking/taking behaviors to develop physiological and psychological dependence on the drugs. This review highlights the importance of specific drug-induced chemical imbalances resulting in memory impairment through various neurotransmitter receptor-mediated signaling pathways. The mesocorticolimbic modifications in the expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) impair reward-related memory formation following drug abuse. The contributions of protein kinases and microRNAs (miRNAs), along with the transcriptional and epigenetic regulation have also been considered in memory impairment underlying drug addiction. Overall, we integrate the research on various types of drug-induced memory impairment in distinguished brain regions and provide a comprehensive review with clinical implications addressing the upcoming studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameneh Rezayof
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Ghasemzadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Oveis Hosseinzadeh Sahafi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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3
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Mohammadi M, Eskandari K, Azizbeigi R, Haghparast A. The inhibitory effect of cannabidiol on the rewarding properties of methamphetamine in part mediates by interacting with the hippocampal D1-like dopamine receptors. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 126:110778. [PMID: 37100273 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a potential treatment to decrease the rewarding properties of psychostimulants. However, the exact mechanism and distinct neuroanatomical areas responsible for the CBD's effects remain unclear. Indicatively, the D1-like dopamine receptors (D1R) in the hippocampus (HIP) are essential for expressing and acquiring drug-associated conditioned place preference (CPP). Therefore, given that involving D1Rs in reward-related behaviors and the encouraging results of CBD in attenuating the psychostimulant's rewarding effects, the present study sought to investigate the role of D1Rs of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) in the inhibitory effects of CBD on the acquisition and expression of METH-induced CPP. To this end, over a 5-day conditioning period by METH (1 mg/kg; sc), different groups of rats were given intra-DG SCH23390 (0.25, 1, or 4 μg/0.5 μl, saline) as a D1Rs antagonist before ICV administration of CBD (10 μg/5 μl, DMSO12%). In addition, a different set of animals, after the conditioning period, received a single dose of SCH23390 (0.25, 1, or 4 μg/0.5 μl) before CBD (50 μg/5 μl) administration on the expression day. The results showed that SCH23390 (1 and 4 μg) significantly reduced the suppressive effects of CBD on the acquisition of METH place preference (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, the highest dose of SCH23390 (4 μg) in the expression phase remarkably abolished the preventive effects of CBD on the expression of METH-seeking behavior (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the current study revealed that CBD's inhibitory effect on rewarding properties of METH partially acts through D1Rs in the DG area of the HIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Mohammadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj Branch, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Kiarash Eskandari
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ronak Azizbeigi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj Branch, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Basic Sciences, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Fauser AM, Stidham E, Cady C, Gupta A. Role of microRNA-132 in Opioid Addiction through Modification of Neural Stem Cell Differentiation. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12111800. [PMID: 36579528 PMCID: PMC9696313 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this editorial, we focused on the article, "MicroRNA-132 in the Adult Dentate Gyrus is Involved in Opioid Addiction Via Modifying the Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells" by Jia and colleagues [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Fauser
- Bohlander Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Biology Department, Bradley University, Peoria, IL 61625, USA
| | - Emily Stidham
- Bohlander Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Biology Department, Bradley University, Peoria, IL 61625, USA
| | - Craig Cady
- Bohlander Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Biology Department, Bradley University, Peoria, IL 61625, USA
| | - Ashim Gupta
- Regenerative Orthopaedics, Noida 201301, India
- Future Biologics, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA
- South Texas Orthopaedic Research Institute (STORI Inc.), Laredo, TX 78045, USA
- Correspondence:
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Xu H, Li D, Yin B. Aberrant hippocampal shape development in young adults with heavy cannabis use: Evidence from a longitudinal study. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 152:343-351. [PMID: 35785577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis is one of the most commonly used illicit drugs globally. Mounting evidence indicates that cannabis use, particularly consumption during young adulthood, is related to adverse mental and behavioral outcomes and an increased risk of the onset and relapse of psychosis. However, the neuromechanism underpinnings of heavy cannabis use (HCU) in young adults remain largely unknown, and no study has yet investigated the development of hippocampal shape in young adults with HCU. Twenty young adults with HCU and 22 matched non-cannabis-use healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. Neuroimaging scanning and clinical assessments for all participants were performed at baseline (BL) and 3-year follow-up (FU). The vertex-wise shape analysis was conducted to investigate aberrant hippocampal shape development in young adults with HCU. Aberrant shape development pattern of the hippocampus was observed in young adults with HCU. There was no significant difference in hippocampal shape between the groups at BL, but young adults with HCU at FU exhibited significant shape atrophy of the right dorsal anterior hippocampus related to HCs. In addition, there was a significantly lower growth rate of the right hippocampal shape. Furthermore, there were significant associations of heavy cannabis use, as indicated by the age at onset first and frequent cannabis use, with the growth rate of hippocampal shape in young adults with HCU. The aberrant hippocampal shape development may reflect the effect of heavy cannabis use on young adults and it may be a potential target for heavy cannabis use treatment for young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University/St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7, Canada.
| | - Dandong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Bo Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
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Braverman ER, Dennen CA, Gold MS, Bowirrat A, Gupta A, Baron D, Roy AK, Smith DE, Cadet JL, Blum K. Proposing a “Brain Health Checkup (BHC)” as a Global Potential “Standard of Care” to Overcome Reward Dysregulation in Primary Care Medicine: Coupling Genetic Risk Testing and Induction of “Dopamine Homeostasis”. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095480. [PMID: 35564876 PMCID: PMC9099927 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In 2021, over 100,000 people died prematurely from opioid overdoses. Neuropsychiatric and cognitive impairments are underreported comorbidities of reward dysregulation due to genetic antecedents and epigenetic insults. Recent genome-wide association studies involving millions of subjects revealed frequent comorbidity with substance use disorder (SUD) in a sizeable meta-analysis of depression. It found significant associations with the expression of NEGR1 in the hypothalamus and DRD2 in the nucleus accumbens, among others. However, despite the rise in SUD and neuropsychiatric illness, there are currently no standard objective brain assessments being performed on a routine basis. The rationale for encouraging a standard objective Brain Health Check (BHC) is to have extensive data available to treat clinical syndromes in psychiatric patients. The BHC would consist of a group of reliable, accurate, cost-effective, objective assessments involving the following domains: Memory, Attention, Neuropsychiatry, and Neurological Imaging. Utilizing primarily PUBMED, over 36 years of virtually all the computerized and written-based assessments of Memory, Attention, Psychiatric, and Neurological imaging were reviewed, and the following assessments are recommended for use in the BHC: Central Nervous System Vital Signs (Memory), Test of Variables of Attention (Attention), Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III (Neuropsychiatric), and Quantitative Electroencephalogram/P300/Evoked Potential (Neurological Imaging). Finally, we suggest continuing research into incorporating a new standard BHC coupled with qEEG/P300/Evoked Potentials and genetically guided precision induction of “dopamine homeostasis” to diagnose and treat reward dysregulation to prevent the consequences of dopamine dysregulation from being epigenetically passed on to generations of our children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R. Braverman
- The Kenneth Blum Institute on Behavior & Neurogenetics, Austin, TX 78701, USA; (E.R.B.); (C.A.D.)
| | - Catherine A. Dennen
- The Kenneth Blum Institute on Behavior & Neurogenetics, Austin, TX 78701, USA; (E.R.B.); (C.A.D.)
| | - Mark S. Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Abdalla Bowirrat
- Department of Molecular Biology, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
| | - Ashim Gupta
- Future Biologics, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA;
| | - David Baron
- Division of Addiction Research & Education, Center for Psychiatry, Medicine & Primary Care (Office of Provost), Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
| | - A. Kenison Roy
- Department of Psychiatry, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - David E. Smith
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA;
| | - Jean Lud Cadet
- The Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIH National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA;
| | - Kenneth Blum
- The Kenneth Blum Institute on Behavior & Neurogenetics, Austin, TX 78701, USA; (E.R.B.); (C.A.D.)
- Division of Addiction Research & Education, Center for Psychiatry, Medicine & Primary Care (Office of Provost), Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Day AW, Kumamoto CA. Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in Alcoholism: Consequences for Health and Recovery. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:840164. [PMID: 35310839 PMCID: PMC8928144 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.840164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the mid 1980's, the impact of gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome changes during alcohol use disorder has been an area of significant interest. This work has resulted in the identification of specific changes in the abundance of certain members of the GI microbiome and the role these changes play in a variety of alcohol related disorders (i.e. alcoholic liver disease). Interestingly, some findings suggest a possible role for the GI microbiome in alcohol addiction or withdrawal. Unfortunately, there is a significant gap in knowledge in this area. Here we describe differences in the GI microbiome of alcoholic and non-alcoholic individuals and discuss the possible impact of microbes on the gut-brain axis, which could impact alcohol related behaviors (i.e. addiction). Understanding the role of the GI microbiome in alcohol related disorders will potentially lead to the development of successful microbiome-targeted therapeutics to help mitigate these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Whittier Day
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Carol A. Kumamoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
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Grabski M, McAndrew A, Lawn W, Marsh B, Raymen L, Stevens T, Hardy L, Warren F, Bloomfield M, Borissova A, Maschauer E, Broomby R, Price R, Coathup R, Gilhooly D, Palmer E, Gordon-Williams R, Hill R, Harris J, Mollaahmetoglu OM, Curran HV, Brandner B, Lingford-Hughes A, Morgan CJA. Adjunctive Ketamine With Relapse Prevention-Based Psychological Therapy in the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2022; 179:152-162. [PMID: 35012326 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2021.21030277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early evidence suggests that ketamine may be an effective treatment to sustain abstinence from alcohol. The authors investigated the safety and efficacy of ketamine compared with placebo in increasing abstinence in patients with alcohol use disorder. An additional aim was to pilot ketamine combined with mindfulness-based relapse prevention therapy compared with ketamine and alcohol education as a therapy control. METHODS In a double-blind placebo-controlled phase 2 clinical trial, 96 patients with severe alcohol use disorder were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: 1) three weekly ketamine infusions (0.8 mg/kg i.v. over 40 minutes) plus psychological therapy, 2) three saline infusions plus psychological therapy, 3) three ketamine infusions plus alcohol education, or 4) three saline infusions plus alcohol education. The primary outcomes were self-reported percentage of days abstinent and confirmed alcohol relapse at 6-month follow-up. RESULTS Ninety-six participants (35 women; mean age, 44.07 years [SD=10.59]) were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. The treatment was well tolerated, and no serious adverse events were associated with the study drug. Although confidence intervals were wide, consistent with a proof-of-concept study, there were a significantly greater number of days abstinent from alcohol in the ketamine group compared with the placebo group at 6-month follow-up (mean difference=10.1%, 95% CI=1.1, 19.0), with the greatest reduction in the ketamine plus therapy group compared with the saline plus education group (15.9%, 95% CI=3.8, 28.1). There was no significant difference in relapse rate between the ketamine and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that treatment with three infusions of ketamine was well tolerated in patients with alcohol use disorder and was associated with more days of abstinence from alcohol at 6-month follow-up. The findings suggest a possible beneficial effect of adding psychological therapy alongside ketamine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Grabski
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (Grabski, McAndrew, Marsh, Raymen, Stevens, Hardy, Maschauer, Palmer, Mollaahmetoglu, Morgan) and College of Medicine and Health (Warren), University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K.; Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit (Grabski, Lawn, Marsh, Bloomfield, Borissova, Curran) and Translational Psychiatry Research Group (Bloomfield), University College London; Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K. (Broomby, Price); University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London (Coathup, Gilhooly, Gordon-Williams, Brandner); South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Hill, Harris); Faculty of Medicine, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London (Lingford-Hughes)
| | - Amy McAndrew
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (Grabski, McAndrew, Marsh, Raymen, Stevens, Hardy, Maschauer, Palmer, Mollaahmetoglu, Morgan) and College of Medicine and Health (Warren), University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K.; Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit (Grabski, Lawn, Marsh, Bloomfield, Borissova, Curran) and Translational Psychiatry Research Group (Bloomfield), University College London; Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K. (Broomby, Price); University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London (Coathup, Gilhooly, Gordon-Williams, Brandner); South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Hill, Harris); Faculty of Medicine, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London (Lingford-Hughes)
| | - Will Lawn
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (Grabski, McAndrew, Marsh, Raymen, Stevens, Hardy, Maschauer, Palmer, Mollaahmetoglu, Morgan) and College of Medicine and Health (Warren), University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K.; Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit (Grabski, Lawn, Marsh, Bloomfield, Borissova, Curran) and Translational Psychiatry Research Group (Bloomfield), University College London; Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K. (Broomby, Price); University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London (Coathup, Gilhooly, Gordon-Williams, Brandner); South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Hill, Harris); Faculty of Medicine, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London (Lingford-Hughes)
| | - Beth Marsh
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (Grabski, McAndrew, Marsh, Raymen, Stevens, Hardy, Maschauer, Palmer, Mollaahmetoglu, Morgan) and College of Medicine and Health (Warren), University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K.; Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit (Grabski, Lawn, Marsh, Bloomfield, Borissova, Curran) and Translational Psychiatry Research Group (Bloomfield), University College London; Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K. (Broomby, Price); University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London (Coathup, Gilhooly, Gordon-Williams, Brandner); South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Hill, Harris); Faculty of Medicine, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London (Lingford-Hughes)
| | - Laura Raymen
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (Grabski, McAndrew, Marsh, Raymen, Stevens, Hardy, Maschauer, Palmer, Mollaahmetoglu, Morgan) and College of Medicine and Health (Warren), University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K.; Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit (Grabski, Lawn, Marsh, Bloomfield, Borissova, Curran) and Translational Psychiatry Research Group (Bloomfield), University College London; Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K. (Broomby, Price); University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London (Coathup, Gilhooly, Gordon-Williams, Brandner); South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Hill, Harris); Faculty of Medicine, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London (Lingford-Hughes)
| | - Tobias Stevens
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (Grabski, McAndrew, Marsh, Raymen, Stevens, Hardy, Maschauer, Palmer, Mollaahmetoglu, Morgan) and College of Medicine and Health (Warren), University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K.; Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit (Grabski, Lawn, Marsh, Bloomfield, Borissova, Curran) and Translational Psychiatry Research Group (Bloomfield), University College London; Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K. (Broomby, Price); University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London (Coathup, Gilhooly, Gordon-Williams, Brandner); South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Hill, Harris); Faculty of Medicine, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London (Lingford-Hughes)
| | - Lorna Hardy
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (Grabski, McAndrew, Marsh, Raymen, Stevens, Hardy, Maschauer, Palmer, Mollaahmetoglu, Morgan) and College of Medicine and Health (Warren), University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K.; Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit (Grabski, Lawn, Marsh, Bloomfield, Borissova, Curran) and Translational Psychiatry Research Group (Bloomfield), University College London; Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K. (Broomby, Price); University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London (Coathup, Gilhooly, Gordon-Williams, Brandner); South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Hill, Harris); Faculty of Medicine, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London (Lingford-Hughes)
| | - Fiona Warren
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (Grabski, McAndrew, Marsh, Raymen, Stevens, Hardy, Maschauer, Palmer, Mollaahmetoglu, Morgan) and College of Medicine and Health (Warren), University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K.; Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit (Grabski, Lawn, Marsh, Bloomfield, Borissova, Curran) and Translational Psychiatry Research Group (Bloomfield), University College London; Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K. (Broomby, Price); University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London (Coathup, Gilhooly, Gordon-Williams, Brandner); South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Hill, Harris); Faculty of Medicine, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London (Lingford-Hughes)
| | - Michael Bloomfield
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (Grabski, McAndrew, Marsh, Raymen, Stevens, Hardy, Maschauer, Palmer, Mollaahmetoglu, Morgan) and College of Medicine and Health (Warren), University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K.; Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit (Grabski, Lawn, Marsh, Bloomfield, Borissova, Curran) and Translational Psychiatry Research Group (Bloomfield), University College London; Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K. (Broomby, Price); University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London (Coathup, Gilhooly, Gordon-Williams, Brandner); South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Hill, Harris); Faculty of Medicine, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London (Lingford-Hughes)
| | - Anya Borissova
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (Grabski, McAndrew, Marsh, Raymen, Stevens, Hardy, Maschauer, Palmer, Mollaahmetoglu, Morgan) and College of Medicine and Health (Warren), University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K.; Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit (Grabski, Lawn, Marsh, Bloomfield, Borissova, Curran) and Translational Psychiatry Research Group (Bloomfield), University College London; Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K. (Broomby, Price); University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London (Coathup, Gilhooly, Gordon-Williams, Brandner); South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Hill, Harris); Faculty of Medicine, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London (Lingford-Hughes)
| | - Emily Maschauer
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (Grabski, McAndrew, Marsh, Raymen, Stevens, Hardy, Maschauer, Palmer, Mollaahmetoglu, Morgan) and College of Medicine and Health (Warren), University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K.; Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit (Grabski, Lawn, Marsh, Bloomfield, Borissova, Curran) and Translational Psychiatry Research Group (Bloomfield), University College London; Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K. (Broomby, Price); University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London (Coathup, Gilhooly, Gordon-Williams, Brandner); South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Hill, Harris); Faculty of Medicine, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London (Lingford-Hughes)
| | - Rupert Broomby
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (Grabski, McAndrew, Marsh, Raymen, Stevens, Hardy, Maschauer, Palmer, Mollaahmetoglu, Morgan) and College of Medicine and Health (Warren), University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K.; Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit (Grabski, Lawn, Marsh, Bloomfield, Borissova, Curran) and Translational Psychiatry Research Group (Bloomfield), University College London; Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K. (Broomby, Price); University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London (Coathup, Gilhooly, Gordon-Williams, Brandner); South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Hill, Harris); Faculty of Medicine, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London (Lingford-Hughes)
| | - Robert Price
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (Grabski, McAndrew, Marsh, Raymen, Stevens, Hardy, Maschauer, Palmer, Mollaahmetoglu, Morgan) and College of Medicine and Health (Warren), University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K.; Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit (Grabski, Lawn, Marsh, Bloomfield, Borissova, Curran) and Translational Psychiatry Research Group (Bloomfield), University College London; Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K. (Broomby, Price); University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London (Coathup, Gilhooly, Gordon-Williams, Brandner); South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Hill, Harris); Faculty of Medicine, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London (Lingford-Hughes)
| | - Rachel Coathup
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (Grabski, McAndrew, Marsh, Raymen, Stevens, Hardy, Maschauer, Palmer, Mollaahmetoglu, Morgan) and College of Medicine and Health (Warren), University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K.; Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit (Grabski, Lawn, Marsh, Bloomfield, Borissova, Curran) and Translational Psychiatry Research Group (Bloomfield), University College London; Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K. (Broomby, Price); University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London (Coathup, Gilhooly, Gordon-Williams, Brandner); South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Hill, Harris); Faculty of Medicine, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London (Lingford-Hughes)
| | - David Gilhooly
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (Grabski, McAndrew, Marsh, Raymen, Stevens, Hardy, Maschauer, Palmer, Mollaahmetoglu, Morgan) and College of Medicine and Health (Warren), University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K.; Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit (Grabski, Lawn, Marsh, Bloomfield, Borissova, Curran) and Translational Psychiatry Research Group (Bloomfield), University College London; Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K. (Broomby, Price); University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London (Coathup, Gilhooly, Gordon-Williams, Brandner); South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Hill, Harris); Faculty of Medicine, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London (Lingford-Hughes)
| | - Edward Palmer
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (Grabski, McAndrew, Marsh, Raymen, Stevens, Hardy, Maschauer, Palmer, Mollaahmetoglu, Morgan) and College of Medicine and Health (Warren), University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K.; Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit (Grabski, Lawn, Marsh, Bloomfield, Borissova, Curran) and Translational Psychiatry Research Group (Bloomfield), University College London; Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K. (Broomby, Price); University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London (Coathup, Gilhooly, Gordon-Williams, Brandner); South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Hill, Harris); Faculty of Medicine, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London (Lingford-Hughes)
| | - Richard Gordon-Williams
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (Grabski, McAndrew, Marsh, Raymen, Stevens, Hardy, Maschauer, Palmer, Mollaahmetoglu, Morgan) and College of Medicine and Health (Warren), University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K.; Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit (Grabski, Lawn, Marsh, Bloomfield, Borissova, Curran) and Translational Psychiatry Research Group (Bloomfield), University College London; Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K. (Broomby, Price); University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London (Coathup, Gilhooly, Gordon-Williams, Brandner); South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Hill, Harris); Faculty of Medicine, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London (Lingford-Hughes)
| | - Robert Hill
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (Grabski, McAndrew, Marsh, Raymen, Stevens, Hardy, Maschauer, Palmer, Mollaahmetoglu, Morgan) and College of Medicine and Health (Warren), University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K.; Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit (Grabski, Lawn, Marsh, Bloomfield, Borissova, Curran) and Translational Psychiatry Research Group (Bloomfield), University College London; Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K. (Broomby, Price); University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London (Coathup, Gilhooly, Gordon-Williams, Brandner); South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Hill, Harris); Faculty of Medicine, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London (Lingford-Hughes)
| | - Jen Harris
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (Grabski, McAndrew, Marsh, Raymen, Stevens, Hardy, Maschauer, Palmer, Mollaahmetoglu, Morgan) and College of Medicine and Health (Warren), University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K.; Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit (Grabski, Lawn, Marsh, Bloomfield, Borissova, Curran) and Translational Psychiatry Research Group (Bloomfield), University College London; Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K. (Broomby, Price); University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London (Coathup, Gilhooly, Gordon-Williams, Brandner); South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Hill, Harris); Faculty of Medicine, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London (Lingford-Hughes)
| | - O Merve Mollaahmetoglu
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (Grabski, McAndrew, Marsh, Raymen, Stevens, Hardy, Maschauer, Palmer, Mollaahmetoglu, Morgan) and College of Medicine and Health (Warren), University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K.; Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit (Grabski, Lawn, Marsh, Bloomfield, Borissova, Curran) and Translational Psychiatry Research Group (Bloomfield), University College London; Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K. (Broomby, Price); University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London (Coathup, Gilhooly, Gordon-Williams, Brandner); South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Hill, Harris); Faculty of Medicine, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London (Lingford-Hughes)
| | - H Valerie Curran
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (Grabski, McAndrew, Marsh, Raymen, Stevens, Hardy, Maschauer, Palmer, Mollaahmetoglu, Morgan) and College of Medicine and Health (Warren), University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K.; Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit (Grabski, Lawn, Marsh, Bloomfield, Borissova, Curran) and Translational Psychiatry Research Group (Bloomfield), University College London; Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K. (Broomby, Price); University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London (Coathup, Gilhooly, Gordon-Williams, Brandner); South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Hill, Harris); Faculty of Medicine, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London (Lingford-Hughes)
| | - Brigitta Brandner
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (Grabski, McAndrew, Marsh, Raymen, Stevens, Hardy, Maschauer, Palmer, Mollaahmetoglu, Morgan) and College of Medicine and Health (Warren), University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K.; Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit (Grabski, Lawn, Marsh, Bloomfield, Borissova, Curran) and Translational Psychiatry Research Group (Bloomfield), University College London; Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K. (Broomby, Price); University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London (Coathup, Gilhooly, Gordon-Williams, Brandner); South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Hill, Harris); Faculty of Medicine, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London (Lingford-Hughes)
| | - Anne Lingford-Hughes
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (Grabski, McAndrew, Marsh, Raymen, Stevens, Hardy, Maschauer, Palmer, Mollaahmetoglu, Morgan) and College of Medicine and Health (Warren), University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K.; Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit (Grabski, Lawn, Marsh, Bloomfield, Borissova, Curran) and Translational Psychiatry Research Group (Bloomfield), University College London; Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K. (Broomby, Price); University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London (Coathup, Gilhooly, Gordon-Williams, Brandner); South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Hill, Harris); Faculty of Medicine, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London (Lingford-Hughes)
| | - Celia J A Morgan
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (Grabski, McAndrew, Marsh, Raymen, Stevens, Hardy, Maschauer, Palmer, Mollaahmetoglu, Morgan) and College of Medicine and Health (Warren), University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K.; Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit (Grabski, Lawn, Marsh, Bloomfield, Borissova, Curran) and Translational Psychiatry Research Group (Bloomfield), University College London; Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K. (Broomby, Price); University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London (Coathup, Gilhooly, Gordon-Williams, Brandner); South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Hill, Harris); Faculty of Medicine, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London (Lingford-Hughes)
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9
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Abrous DN, Koehl M, Lemoine M. A Baldwin interpretation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis: from functional relevance to physiopathology. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:383-402. [PMID: 34103674 PMCID: PMC8960398 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampal adult neurogenesis has been associated to many cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functions and dysfunctions, and its status as a selected effect or an "appendix of the brain" has been debated. In this review, we propose to understand hippocampal neurogenesis as the process underlying the "Baldwin effect", a particular situation in evolution where fitness does not rely on the natural selection of genetic traits, but on "ontogenetic adaptation" to a changing environment. This supports the view that a strong distinction between developmental and adult hippocampal neurogenesis is made. We propose that their functions are the constitution and the lifelong adaptation, respectively, of a basic repertoire of cognitive and emotional behaviors. This lifelong adaptation occurs through new forms of binding, i.e., association or dissociation of more basic elements. This distinction further suggests that a difference is made between developmental vulnerability (or resilience), stemming from dysfunctional (or highly functional) developmental hippocampal neurogenesis, and adult vulnerability (or resilience), stemming from dysfunctional (or highly functional) adult hippocampal neurogenesis. According to this hypothesis, developmental and adult vulnerability are distinct risk factors for various mental disorders in adults. This framework suggests new avenues for research on hippocampal neurogenesis and its implication in mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djoher Nora Abrous
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Neurogenesis and Pathophysiology group, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Muriel Koehl
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniv. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Neurogenesis and Pathophysiology group, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Maël Lemoine
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniversity Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, Bordeaux, France
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10
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Hippocampal neurogenesis promotes preference for future rewards. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:6317-6335. [PMID: 34021262 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis has been implicated in a number of disorders where reward processing is disrupted but whether new neurons regulate specific aspects of reward-related decision making remains unclear. Given the role of the hippocampus in future-oriented cognition, here we tested whether adult neurogenesis regulates preference for future, advantageous rewards in a delay discounting paradigm for rats. Indeed, blocking neurogenesis caused a profound aversion for delayed rewards, and biased choice behavior toward immediately available, but smaller, rewards. Consistent with a role for the ventral hippocampus in impulsive decision making and future-thinking, neurogenesis-deficient animals displayed reduced activity in the ventral hippocampus. In intact animals, delay-based decision making restructured dendrites and spines in adult-born neurons and specifically activated adult-born neurons in the ventral dentate gyrus, relative to dorsal activation in rats that chose between immediately-available rewards. Putative developmentally-born cells, located in the superficial granule cell layer, did not display task-specific activity. These findings identify a novel and specific role for neurogenesis in decisions about future rewards, thereby implicating newborn neurons in disorders where short-sighted gains are preferred at the expense of long-term health.
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11
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Deep Network Pharmacology: Targeting Glutamate Systems as Integrative Treatments for Jump-Starting Neural Networks and Recovery Trajectories. JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BRAIN SCIENCE 2021; 6. [PMID: 34549091 PMCID: PMC8452258 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20210008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Significant advances in pharmacological treatments for mental illness and addiction will require abandoning old monoaminergic theories of psychiatric disorders and traditionally narrow approaches to how we conduct treatment research. Reframing our efforts with a view on integrative treatments that target core neural network function and plasticity may provide new approaches for lifting patients out of chronic psychiatric symptom sets and addiction. For example, we discuss new treatments that target brain glutamate systems at key transition points within longitudinal courses of care that integrate several treatment modalities. A reconsideration of what our novel and already available medications are intended to achieve and how and when we deliver them for patients with complex illness trajectories could be the key to unlocking new advances in general and addiction psychiatry.
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12
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Brocato E, Wolstenholme JT. Neuroepigenetic consequences of adolescent ethanol exposure. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 160:45-84. [PMID: 34696879 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical developmental period characterized by ongoing brain maturation processes including myelination and synaptic pruning. Adolescents experience heightened reward sensitivity, sensation seeking, impulsivity, and diminished inhibitory self-control, which contribute to increased participation in risky behaviors, including the initiation of alcohol use. Ethanol exposure in adolescence alters memory and cognition, anxiety-like behavior, and ethanol sensitivity as well as brain myelination and dendritic spine morphology, with effects lasting into adulthood. Emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic modifications may explain these lasting effects. Focusing on the amygdala, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, we review studies investigating the epigenetic consequences of adolescent ethanol exposure. Ethanol metabolism globally increases donor substrates for histone acetylation and histone and DNA methylation, and this chapter discusses how this can further impact epigenetic programming of the adolescent brain. Elucidation of the mechanisms through which ethanol can alter the epigenetic code at specific transcripts may provide therapeutic targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Brocato
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Jennifer T Wolstenholme
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU-Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
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13
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Navarrete F, García-Gutiérrez MS, Gasparyan A, Austrich-Olivares A, Manzanares J. Role of Cannabidiol in the Therapeutic Intervention for Substance Use Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:626010. [PMID: 34093179 PMCID: PMC8173061 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.626010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug treatments available for the management of substance use disorders (SUD) present multiple limitations in efficacy, lack of approved treatments or alarming relapse rates. These facts hamper the clinical outcome and the quality of life of the patients supporting the importance to develop new pharmacological agents. Lately, several reports suggest that cannabidiol (CBD) presents beneficial effects relevant for the management of neurological disorders such as epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s, or Alzheimer’s diseases. Furthermore, there is a large body of evidence pointing out that CBD improves cognition, neurogenesis and presents anxiolytic, antidepressant, antipsychotic, and neuroprotective effects suggesting potential usefulness for the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases and SUD. Here we review preclinical and clinical reports regarding the effects of CBD on the regulation of the reinforcing, motivational and withdrawal-related effects of different drugs of abuse such as alcohol, opioids (morphine, heroin), cannabinoids, nicotine, and psychostimulants (cocaine, amphetamine). Furthermore, a special section of the review is focused on the neurobiological mechanisms that might be underlying the ‘anti-addictive’ action of CBD through the regulation of dopaminergic, opioidergic, serotonergic, and endocannabinoid systems as well as hippocampal neurogenesis. The multimodal pharmacological profile described for CBD and the specific regulation of addictive behavior-related targets explains, at least in part, its therapeutic effects on the regulation of the reinforcing and motivational properties of different drugs of abuse. Moreover, the remarkable safety profile of CBD, its lack of reinforcing properties and the existence of approved medications containing this compound (Sativex®, Epidiolex®) increased the number of studies suggesting the potential of CBD as a therapeutic intervention for SUD. The rising number of publications with substantial results on the valuable therapeutic innovation of CBD for treating SUD, the undeniable need of new therapeutic agents to improve the clinical outcome of patients with SUD, and the upcoming clinical trials involving CBD endorse the relevance of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Navarrete
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain.,Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Salud García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain.,Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ani Gasparyan
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain.,Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Manzanares
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain.,Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Zhang S, Lin X, Liu J, Pan Y, Zeng X, Chen F, Wu J. Prevalence of childhood trauma measured by the short form of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire in people with substance use disorder: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2020; 294:113524. [PMID: 33157482 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use disorder is known to be associated with childhood trauma, yet prevalence estimates have varied markedly due to methodological differences. The meta-analysis presented here aimed to estimate prevalence rates of childhood trauma for people with substance use disorder using the short form of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF). METHODS Four major public databases (PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library and PsycINFO) were searched for eligible studies until April 2nd, 2018. RESULTS Ten studies were included with a total sample size of 1,310 across six countries. The prevalence estimates of each subtype of childhood trauma across all substance use disorder samples were: emotional abuse (38%, 95% CI: 28%-48%); physical abuse (36%, 95% CI: 27%-45%); sexual abuse (31%, 95% CI: 23%-41%); emotional neglect (31%, 95% CI: 18%-45%) and physical neglect (32%, 95% CI: 25%-40%). Subgroup analysis by continent demonstrated that the highest prevalence rates of emotional abuse were found in North America and South America (45%). Compared with other continents, the prevalence rates of North America were the highest for physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect and physical neglect (39%-44%). CONCLUSIONS Childhood trauma is prevalent among substance use disorder samples compared to the general population. Different continents have different levels of prevalence of childhood trauma, which may be due in part to socioeconomic, cultural and definitional variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Xiujin Lin
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Jianbo Liu
- Department of Child Psychiatry of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center; Shenzhen University, Mental Health School, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Yuli Pan
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Fenglan Chen
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Junduan Wu
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530000, China.
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15
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Coid J, Gonzalez Rodriguez R, Kallis C, Zhang Y, Bhui K, De Stavola B, Bebbington P, Ullrich S. Ethnic disparities in psychotic experiences explained by area-level syndemic effects. Br J Psychiatry 2020; 217:555-561. [PMID: 31662125 PMCID: PMC7525103 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2019.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethnic inequalities in health outcomes are often explained by socioeconomic status and concentrated poverty. However, ethnic disparities in psychotic experiences are not completely attenuated by these factors. AIMS We investigated whether disparities are better explained by interactions between individual risk factors and place-based clustering of disadvantage, termed a syndemic. METHOD We performed a cross-sectional survey of 3750 UK men, aged 18-34 years, oversampling Black and minority ethnic (BME) men nationally, together with men residing in London Borough of Hackney. Participants completed questionnaires covering psychiatric symptoms, substance misuse, crime and violence, and risky sexual health behaviours. We included five psychotic experiences and a categorical measure of psychosis based on the Psychosis Screening Questionnaire. RESULTS At national level, more Black men reported psychotic experiences but disparities disappeared following statistical adjustment for social position. However, large disparities for psychotic experiences in Hackney were not attenuated by adjustment for social factors in Black men (adjusted odds ratio, 3.24; 95% CI 2.14-4.91; P < 0.002), but were for South Asian men. A syndemic model of joint effects, adducing a four-component latent variable (psychotic experiences and anxiety, substance dependence, high-risk sexual behaviour and violence and criminality) showed synergy between components and explained persistent disparities in psychotic experiences. A further interaction confirmed area-level effects (Black ethnicity × Hackney residence, 0.834; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Syndemic effects result in higher rates of non-affective psychosis among BME persons in certain inner-urban settings. Further research should investigate how syndemics raise levels of psychotic experiences and related health conditions in Black men in specific places with multiple deprivations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Coid
- Professor of Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China; and Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, UK,Correspondence: Professor Jeremy Coid, Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dianxin South Street, Chengdu, Sichuan610041, China.
| | - Rafael Gonzalez Rodriguez
- Post-doctoral Researcher, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Constantinos Kallis
- Senior Lecturer in Medical Statistics, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Yamin Zhang
- Post-doctoral Researcher, Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China
| | - Kamaldeep Bhui
- Professor of Psychiatry, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Bianca De Stavola
- Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
| | - Paul Bebbington
- Professor of Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London, UK
| | - Simone Ullrich
- Lecturer in Forensic Mental Health, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, UK
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16
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Luján MÁ, Cantacorps L, Valverde O. The pharmacological reduction of hippocampal neurogenesis attenuates the protective effects of cannabidiol on cocaine voluntary intake. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12778. [PMID: 31162770 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The administration of cannabidiol has shown promising evidence in the treatment of some neuropsychiatric disorders, including cocaine addiction. However, little information is available as to the mechanisms by which cannabidiol reduces drug use and compulsive seeking. We investigated the role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in reducing cocaine voluntary intake produced by repeated cannabidiol treatment in mice. Cocaine intake was modelled using the intravenous cocaine self-administration procedure in CD1 male mice. Cannabidiol (20 mg/kg) reduced cocaine self-administration behaviour acquisition and total cocaine intake and enhanced adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Our results show that a 6-day repeated temozolomide treatment (25 mg/kg/day), a chemotherapy drug that blocks hippocampal neurogenesis, prevented cannabidiol-induced increment in the early stages of neuronal maturation and differentiation, without altering the basal levels of BrdU/NeuN and doublecortin immunostaining. The reduction of total cocaine intake and operant behaviour acquisition observed following cannabidiol exposure was attenuated by temozolomide treatment. Our results also show a similar effect of temozolamide on a cannabidiol-induced improvement of novel object recognition memory, a task influenced by the proneurogenic effects of cannabidiol (10 and 20 mg/kg). The anxiolytic effects of cannabidiol (10 and 20 mg/kg), however, remained unaffected after its proneurogenic effects decreased. The present study confirms that adult hippocampal neurogenesis is one of the mechanisms by which cannabidiol lowers cocaine reinforcement and demonstrates the functional implication of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in cocaine voluntary consumption in mice. Such findings highlight the possible use of cannabidiol for developing new pharmacotherapies to manage cocaine use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Luján
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC—NeuroBio), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain
| | - Lídia Cantacorps
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC—NeuroBio), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain
| | - Olga Valverde
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC—NeuroBio), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain
- Neuroscience Research Programme IMIM‐Hospital del Mar Research Institute Barcelona Spain
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17
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Shukla M, Vincent B. The multi-faceted impact of methamphetamine on Alzheimer's disease: From a triggering role to a possible therapeutic use. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 60:101062. [PMID: 32304732 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although it has been initially synthesized for therapeutic purposes and currently FDA-approved and prescribed for obesity, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, narcolepsy and depression, methamphetamine became a recreational drug that is nowadays massively manufactured illegally. Because it is a powerful and extremely addictive psychotropic agent, its abuse has turned out to become a major health problem worldwide. Importantly, the numerous effects triggered by this drug induce neurotoxicity in the brain ultimately leading to serious neurological impairments, tissue damage and neuropsychological disturbances that are reminiscent to most of the symptoms observed in Alzheimer's disease and other pathological manifestations in aging brain. In this context, there is a growing number of compelling evidence linking methamphetamine abuse with a higher probability of developing premature Alzheimer's disease and consequent neurodegeneration. This review proposes to establish a broad assessment of the effects that this drug can generate at the cellular and molecular levels in connection with the development of the age-related Alzheimer's disease. Altogether, the objective is to warn against the long-term effects that methamphetamine abuse may convey on young consumers and the increased risk of developing this devastating brain disorder at later stages of their lives, but also to discuss a more recently emerging concept suggesting a possible use of methamphetamine for treating this pathology under proper and strictly controlled conditions.
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18
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Luján MÁ, Valverde O. The Pro-neurogenic Effects of Cannabidiol and Its Potential Therapeutic Implications in Psychiatric Disorders. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:109. [PMID: 32676014 PMCID: PMC7333542 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, researchers have investigated the functional relevance of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in normal brain function as well as in the pathogenesis of diverse psychiatric conditions. Although the underlying mechanisms of newborn neuron differentiation and circuit integration have yet to be fully elucidated, considerable evidence suggests that the endocannabinoid system plays a pivotal role throughout the processes of adult neurogenesis. Thus, synthetic, and natural cannabinoid compounds targeting the endocannabinoid system have been utilized to modulate the proliferation and survival of neural progenitor cells and immature neurons. Cannabidiol (CBD), a constituent of the Cannabis Sativa plant, interacts with the endocannabinoid system by inhibiting fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) activity (the rate-limiting enzyme for anandamide hydrolysis), allosterically modulating CB1 and CB2 receptors, and activating components of the "extended endocannabinoid system." Congruently, CBD has shown prominent pro-neurogenic effects, and, unlike Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, it has the advantage of being devoid of psychotomimetic effects. Here, we first review pre-clinical studies supporting the facilitating effects of CBD on adult hippocampal neurogenesis and available data disclosing cannabinoid mechanisms by which CBD can induce neural proliferation and differentiation. We then review the respective implications for its neuroprotective, anxiolytic, anti-depressant, and anti-reward actions. In conclusion, accumulating evidence reveals that, in rodents, adult neurogenesis is key to understand the behavioral manifestation of symptomatology related to different mental disorders. Hence, understanding how CBD promotes adult neurogenesis in rodents could shed light upon translational therapeutic strategies aimed to ameliorate psychiatric symptomatology dependent on hippocampal function in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Á. Luján
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC—NeuroBio), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Valverde
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC—NeuroBio), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Neuroscience Research Programme, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Cabrera-Mendoza B, Fresno C, Monroy-Jaramillo N, Fries GR, Walss-Bass C, Glahn DC, Ostrosky-Wegman P, Genis-Mendoza AD, Martínez-Magaña JJ, Romero-Pimentel AL, Díaz-Otañez CE, García-Dolores F, González-Sáenz EE, Mendoza-Morales RC, Flores G, Vázquez-Roque R, Nicolini H. Brain Gene Expression Profiling of Individuals With Dual Diagnosis Who Died by Suicide. J Dual Diagn 2020; 16:177-190. [PMID: 31774731 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2019.1692160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Dual diagnosis (DD) is the co-occurrence of at least one substance use disorder and one or more mental disorders in a given individual. Despite this comorbidity being highly prevalent and associated with adverse clinical outcomes, its neurobiology remains unclear. Furthermore, patients with DD are at higher risk for suicidal behavior in comparison with single disorder patients. Our objective was to evaluate brain gene expression patterns in individuals with DD who died by suicide. Methods: We compared the gene expression profile in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of suicides with DD (n = 10) to the transcriptome of suicides with substance use disorder alone (n = 10), suicides with mood disorders (MD) alone (n = 13), and suicides without mental comorbidities (n = 5). Gene expression profiles were assessed by microarrays. In addition, we performed a brain cell type enrichment to evaluate whether the gene expression profiles could reflect differences in cell type compositions among the groups. Results: When comparing the transcriptome of suicides with DD to suicides with substance use disorder alone and suicides with MD alone, we identified 255 and 172 differentially expressed genes (DEG), respectively. The overlap of DEG between both comparisons (112 genes) highlighted the presence of common disrupted pathways in substance use disorder and MD. When comparing suicides with DD to suicides without mental comorbidities, we identified 330 DEG, mainly enriched in neurogenesis. Cell type enrichment indicated higher levels of glial markers in suicides with DD compared to the other groups. Conclusions: Suicides with DD exhibited a gene expression profile distinct from that of suicides with a single disorder, being substance use disorder or MD, and suicides without mental disorders. Our results suggest alteration in the expression of genes involved in glial specific markers, glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission in suicides with DD compared to suicides with a single disorder and suicides without mental comorbidities. Alterations in the expression of synaptic genes at different levels were found in substance use disorder and MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Cabrera-Mendoza
- Genomics of Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico.,PECEM, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cristóbal Fresno
- Computational Genomics Department, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nancy Monroy-Jaramillo
- Department of Genetics, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Rodrigo Fries
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Consuelo Walss-Bass
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza
- Genomics of Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Jaime Martínez-Magaña
- Genomics of Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Luisa Romero-Pimentel
- Genomics of Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Eli Elier González-Sáenz
- High Specialty Program in Legal and Forensic Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital Fray Bernardino Álvarez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Gonzalo Flores
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Institute of Physiology, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Rubén Vázquez-Roque
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Institute of Physiology, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Humberto Nicolini
- Genomics of Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
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20
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Chambers RA, Sentir AM. Integrated Effects of Neonatal Ventral Hippocampal Lesions and Impoverished Social-Environmental Rearing on Endophenotypes of Mental Illness and Addiction Vulnerability. Dev Neurosci 2020; 41:263-273. [PMID: 32160629 PMCID: PMC8454183 DOI: 10.1159/000506227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of mental illnesses show high rates of addiction comorbidities regardless of their genetic, neurodevelopmental, and/or adverse-environmental etiologies. Understanding how the spectrum of mental illnesses produce addiction vulnerability will be key to discovering more effective preventions and integrated treatments for adults with addiction and dual diagnosis comorbidities. A population of 131 rats containing a spectrum of etiological mental illness models and degrees of severity was experimentally generated by crossing neonatal ventral hippocampal lesions (NVHL; n = 68) or controls (SHAM-operated; n = 63) with adolescent rearing in environmentally/socially enriched (ENR; n = 66) or impoverished (IMP; n = 65) conditions. This population was divided into 2 experiments: first, examining NVHL and IMP effects on novelty and mild stress-induced locomotion across 3 adolescent ages; second, looking at initial cocaine reactivity and long-term cocaine behavioral sensitization in adulthood. NVHL and IMP-environmental conditions independently produced remarkably similar and robustly significant abnormalities of hyperreactivity to novelty, mild stress, and long-term cocaine sensitization. The combined NVHL-IMP groups showed the most severe phenotypes across the board, so that the mental illness and addiction vulnerability phenotypes increased together in severity in a consistent stepwise progression from the healthiest rats to those with the greatest loading of etiological models. These findings add weight to our understanding of mental illness and addiction vulnerability as brain disorders that are biologically and developmentally unified in ways that transcend etiological causes, and yet co-intensify with increased loading of etiological conditions. Combining neurodevelopmental and adverse-environmental models of mental illness may provide an approach to identifying and therapeutically targeting cortical-striatal-limbic network mechanisms that generate addiction and dual diagnosis diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Andrew Chambers
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA,
- Laboratory for Translational Neuroscience of Dual Diagnosis & Development, IU Neuroscience Research Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA,
| | - Alena M Sentir
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Laboratory for Translational Neuroscience of Dual Diagnosis & Development, IU Neuroscience Research Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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21
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Indices of dentate gyrus neurogenesis are unaffected immediately after or following withdrawal from morphine self-administration compared to saline self-administering control male rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 381:112448. [PMID: 31870778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Opiates - including morphine - are powerful analgesics with high abuse potential. In rodents, chronic opiate exposure or self-administration negatively impacts hippocampal-dependent function, an effect perhaps due in part to the well-documented opiate-induced inhibition of dentate gyrus (DG) precursor proliferation and neurogenesis. Recently, however, intravenous (i.v.) morphine self-administration (MSA) was reported to enhance the survival of new rat DG neurons. To reconcile these disparate results, we used rat i.v. MSA to assess 1) whether a slightly-higher dose MSA paradigm also increases new DG neuron survival; 2) how MSA influences cells in different stages of DG neurogenesis, particularly maturation and survival; and 3) if MSA-induced changes in DG neurogenesis persist through a period of abstinence. To label basal levels of proliferation, rats received the S-phase marker bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU, i.p.) 24 -h prior to 21 days (D) of i.v. MSA or saline self-administration (SSA). Either immediately after SA (0-D) or after 4 weeks in the home cage (28-D withdrawal), stereology was used to quantify DG proliferating precursors (or cells in cell cycle; Ki67+ cells), neuroblast/immature neurons (DCX+ cells), and surviving DG granule cells (BrdU+ cells). Analysis revealed the number of DG cells immunopositive for these neurogenesis-relevant markers was similar between MSA and SSA rats at the 0-D or 28-D timepoints. These negative data highlight the impact experimental parameters, timepoint selection, and quantification approach have on neurogenesis results, and are discussed in the context of the large literature showing the negative impact of opiates on DG neurogenesis.
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22
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Sampedro-Piquero P, J. Santín L, Castilla-Ortega E. Aberrant Brain Neuroplasticity and Function in Drug Addiction: A Focus on Learning-Related Brain Regions. Behav Neurosci 2019. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.85280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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Grecco GG, Andrew Chambers R. The Penrose Effect and its acceleration by the war on drugs: a crisis of untranslated neuroscience and untreated addiction and mental illness. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:320. [PMID: 31780638 PMCID: PMC6882902 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0661-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1939, British psychiatrist Lionel Penrose described an inverse relationship between mental health treatment infrastructure and criminal incarcerations. This relationship, later termed the 'Penrose Effect', has proven remarkably predictive of modern trends which have manifested as reciprocal components, referred to as 'deinstitutionalization' and 'mass incarceration'. In this review, we consider how a third dynamic-the criminalization of addiction via the 'War on Drugs', although unanticipated by Penrose, has likely amplified the Penrose Effect over the last 30 years, with devastating social, economic, and healthcare consequences. We discuss how synergy been the Penrose Effect and the War on Drugs has been mediated by, and reflects, a fundamental neurobiological connection between the brain diseases of mental illness and addiction. This neuroscience of dual diagnosis, also not anticipated by Penrose, is still not being adequately translated into improving clinical training, practice, or research, to treat patients across the mental illness-addictions comorbidity spectrum. This failure in translation, and the ongoing fragmentation and collapse of behavioral healthcare, has worsened the epidemic of untreated mental illness and addictions, while driving unsustainable government investment into mass incarceration and high-cost medical care that profits too exclusively on injuries and multi-organ diseases resulting from untreated addictions. Reversing the fragmentation and decline of behavioral healthcare with decisive action to co-integrate mental health and addiction training, care, and research-may be key to ending criminalization of mental illness and addiction, and refocusing the healthcare system on keeping the population healthy at the lowest possible cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory G Grecco
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Indiana University of School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - R Andrew Chambers
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Laboratory for Translational Neuroscience of Dual Diagnosis & Development, IU Neuroscience Research Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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24
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Castilla-Ortega E, Santín LJ. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis as a target for cocaine addiction: a review of recent developments. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2019; 50:109-116. [PMID: 31708413 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Basic research in rodents has shown that adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) plays a key role in neuropsychiatric disorders that compromise hippocampal functioning. The discovery that dependence-inducing drugs regulate AHN has led to escalating interest in the potential involvement of AHN in drug addiction over the last decade, with cocaine being one of the most frequently investigated drugs. This review argues that, unlike other drugs of abuse, preclinical studies do not, overall, support that cocaine induces a marked or persistent impairment in AHN. Nevertheless, experimental reduction of AHN consistently exacerbates vulnerability to cocaine. Interestingly, preliminary evidence suggests that, on the contrary, increasing AHN might help both to prevent and treat addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Castilla-Ortega
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Spain.
| | - Luis J Santín
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Spain; Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Spain.
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25
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Weisner PA, Chen CY, Sun Y, Yoo J, Kao WC, Zhang H, Baltz ET, Troy JM, Stubbs L. A Mouse Mutation That Dysregulates Neighboring Galnt17 and Auts2 Genes Is Associated with Phenotypes Related to the Human AUTS2 Syndrome. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2019; 9:3891-3906. [PMID: 31554716 PMCID: PMC6829118 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AUTS2 was originally discovered as the gene disrupted by a translocation in human twins with Autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, and epilepsy. Since that initial finding, AUTS2-linked mutations and variants have been associated with a very broad array of neuropsychiatric disorders, sugg esting that AUTS2 is required for fundamental steps of neurodevelopment. However, genotype-phenotype correlations in this region are complicated, because most mutations could also involve neighboring genes. Of particular interest is the nearest downstream neighbor of AUTS2, GALNT17, which encodes a brain-expressed N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase of unknown brain function. Here we describe a mouse (Mus musculus) mutation, T(5G2;8A1)GSO (abbreviated 16Gso), a reciprocal translocation that breaks between Auts2 and Galnt17 and dysregulates both genes. Despite this complex regulatory effect, 16Gso homozygotes model certain human AUTS2-linked phenotypes very well. In addition to abnormalities in growth, craniofacial structure, learning and memory, and behavior, 16Gso homozygotes display distinct pathologies of the cerebellum and hippocampus that are similar to those associated with autism and other types of AUTS2-linked neurological disease. Analyzing mutant cerebellar and hippocampal transcriptomes to explain this pathology, we identified disturbances in pathways related to neuron and synapse maturation, neurotransmitter signaling, and cellular stress, suggesting possible cellular mechanisms. These pathways, coupled with the translocation's selective effects on Auts2 isoforms and coordinated dysregulation of Galnt17, suggest novel hypotheses regarding the etiology of the human "AUTS2 syndrome" and the wide array of neurodevelopmental disorders linked to variance in this genomic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Anne Weisner
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology
- Neuroscience Program
| | - Chih-Ying Chen
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and
| | - Younguk Sun
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and
| | | | | | | | | | - Joseph M Troy
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology
- Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL 61802
| | - Lisa Stubbs
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology,
- Neuroscience Program
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and
- Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL 61802
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26
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Gicas KM, Thornton AE, Waclawik K, Wang N, Jones AA, Panenka WJ, Lang DJ, Smith GN, Vila-Rodriguez F, Leonova O, Barr AM, Procyshyn RM, Buchanan T, Su W, Vertinsky AT, Rauscher A, MacEwan GW, Honer WG. Volumes of the Hippocampal Formation Differentiate Component Processes of Memory in a Community Sample of Homeless and Marginally Housed Persons. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2019; 34:548-562. [PMID: 30407496 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acy066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Persons who are homeless or marginally housed exhibit significant cognitive dysfunction, with memory being the most impaired domain. Hippocampal subfield volumes have been found to differentially relate to component processes of memory. The neural correlates of memory have not been previously examined in marginalized persons who are understudied and underserved. We examined whether hippocampal subfields and entorhinal cortex volumes are uniquely related to indices of verbal episodic memory using the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test - Revised. METHOD Data was used from a large sample of community dwelling homeless and marginally housed adults (N = 227). Regression analyses were conducted to examine hippocampal subfield volumes (CA1, CA3, CA4, dentate gyrus, subiculum) and entorhinal cortex, and their associations with measures of verbal immediate recall, learning slope, and verbal delayed recall. RESULTS Greater CA3 subfield volume was associated with better performance on an index of encoding (immediate recall), but only in older individuals. Greater CA1 and subiculum volumes were associated with better performance on immediate and delayed recall (measures that tap into retrieval processes), but not with learning slope (a more pure index of encoding). Entorhinal cortex volume was related to all components of memory beyond total hippocampal volume. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest common neuroanatomical correlates of memory dysfunction in large sample of marginalized persons, and these are uniquely related to different components of memory. These findings have clinical relevance for marginalized populations and theoretical relevance to the growing literature on functional specialization of the hippocampal subfields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Gicas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Allen E Thornton
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | | | - Nena Wang
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Andrea A Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - William J Panenka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Donna J Lang
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Geoff N Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Olga Leonova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alasdair M Barr
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ric M Procyshyn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tari Buchanan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Wayne Su
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Alexander Rauscher
- Department of Paediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - G William MacEwan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - William G Honer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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27
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Chye Y, Lorenzetti V, Suo C, Batalla A, Cousijn J, Goudriaan AE, Jenkinson M, Martin‐Santos R, Whittle S, Yücel M, Solowij N. Alteration to hippocampal volume and shape confined to cannabis dependence: a multi-site study. Addict Biol 2019; 24:822-834. [PMID: 30022573 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis use is highly prevalent and often considered to be relatively harmless. Nonetheless, a subset of regular cannabis users may develop dependence, experiencing poorer quality of life and greater mental health problems relative to non-dependent users. The neuroanatomy characterizing cannabis use versus dependence is poorly understood. We aimed to delineate the contributing role of cannabis use and dependence on morphology of the hippocampus, one of the most consistently altered brain regions in cannabis users, in a large multi-site dataset aggregated across four research sites. We compared hippocampal volume and vertex-level hippocampal shape differences (1) between 121 non-using controls and 140 cannabis users; (2) between 106 controls, 50 non-dependent users and 70 dependent users; and (3) between a subset of 41 controls, 41 non-dependent users and 41 dependent users, matched on sample characteristics and cannabis use pattern (onset age and dosage). Cannabis users did not differ from controls in hippocampal volume or shape. However, cannabis-dependent users had significantly smaller right and left hippocampi relative to controls and non-dependent users, irrespective of cannabis dosage. Shape analysis indicated localized deflations in the superior-medial body of the hippocampus. Our findings support neuroscientific theories postulating dependence-specific neuroadaptations in cannabis users. Future efforts should uncover the neurobiological risk and liabilities separating dependent and non-dependent use of cannabis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Chye
- Brain and Mental Health Laboratory, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological SciencesMonash University Australia
| | - Valentina Lorenzetti
- Brain and Mental Health Laboratory, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological SciencesMonash University Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre with School of PsychologyFaculty of Health, Australian Catholic University Australia
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Health and SocietyThe University of Liverpool UK
| | - Chao Suo
- Brain and Mental Health Laboratory, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological SciencesMonash University Australia
| | - Albert Batalla
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical Centre The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM and Institute of NeuroscienceUniversity of Barcelona Spain
| | - Janna Cousijn
- Department of Developmental PsychologyUniversity of Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Anna E. Goudriaan
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Academic Medical CentreUniversity of Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Arkin Mental Health Care The Netherlands
| | - Mark Jenkinson
- FMRIB Centre, John Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of Oxford UK
| | - Rocio Martin‐Santos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM and Institute of NeuroscienceUniversity of Barcelona Spain
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Melbourne Australia
| | - Murat Yücel
- Brain and Mental Health Laboratory, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological SciencesMonash University Australia
| | - Nadia Solowij
- School of Psychology and Illawarra Health and Medical Research InstituteUniversity of Wollongong Australia
- The Australian Centre for Cannabinoid Clinical and Research Excellence (ACRE) Australia
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Peyton L, Oliveros A, Cho CH, Starski P, Lindberg D, Jang MH, Choi DS. Waiting impulsivity during reward seeking increases adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice. Neurosci Lett 2019; 706:169-175. [PMID: 31116969 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Impulsivity is defined as a predisposition toward rapid, unplanned reactions in response to internal or external stimuli, often yielding negative consequences. Accordingly, impulsivity is considered a significant risk factor for developing addictive behaviors. The hippocampus is involved in regulating behavioral adaptability and learned behaviors. Consequently, abnormal hippocampal function has been demonstrated to contribute to impulsive and addictive behaviors. Furthermore, differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior (DRL) has shown that the hippocampus is implicated in reward acquisition and impulsivity in humans and rodent models. We have previously shown that impulsive behavior potentiates hippocampal neuroblast proliferation. However, the fate of these precursor cells produced during impulsive reward seeking remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that DRL-mediated impulsive reward seeking with the 2-choice reaction time task (2-CRTT) increases the number of BrdU labeled cells in the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus. Importantly, our results also show a significant increase in BrdU+ and NeuN+ colocalized mature newborn neurons in mice exhibiting impulsivity compared to non-impulsive control mice. These results suggest that operant reward seeking during unpredictable schedules of reinforcement contributes to adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Peyton
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Alfredo Oliveros
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Chang Hoon Cho
- Neuroscience Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Phillip Starski
- Neuroscience Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Daniel Lindberg
- Neuroscience Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Mi-Hyeon Jang
- Neuroscience Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Doo-Sup Choi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Neuroscience Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Zarse EM, Neff MR, Yoder R, Hulvershorn L, Chambers JE, Chambers RA. The adverse childhood experiences questionnaire: Two decades of research on childhood trauma as a primary cause of adult mental illness, addiction, and medical diseases. COGENT MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2019.1581447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Zarse
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Midtown Mental Health Center/Eskenazi Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mallory R. Neff
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Division of Child Psychiatry, Riley Hospital, IU School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rachel Yoder
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Division of Child Psychiatry, Riley Hospital, IU School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Leslie Hulvershorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Division of Child Psychiatry, Riley Hospital, IU School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joanna E. Chambers
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Midtown Mental Health Center/Eskenazi Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - R. Andrew Chambers
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Midtown Mental Health Center/Eskenazi Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Depleting adult dentate gyrus neurogenesis increases cocaine-seeking behavior. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:312-320. [PMID: 29507372 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus is the main locus for adult dentate gyrus (DG) neurogenesis. A number of studies have shown that aberrant DG neurogenesis correlates with many neuropsychiatric disorders, including drug addiction. Although clear causal relationships have been established between DG neurogenesis and memory dysfunction or mood-related disorders, evidence of the causal role of DG neurogenesis in drug-seeking behaviors has not been established. Here we assessed the role of new DG neurons in cocaine self-administration using an inducible transgenic approach that selectively depletes adult DG neurogenesis. Our results show that transgenic mice with decreased adult DG neurogenesis exhibit increased motivation to self-administer cocaine and a higher seeking response to cocaine-related cues. These results identify adult hippocampal neurogenesis as a key factor in vulnerability to cocaine addiction.
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Lorenzetti V, Chye Y, Silva P, Solowij N, Roberts CA. Does regular cannabis use affect neuroanatomy? An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of structural neuroimaging studies. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019; 269:59-71. [PMID: 30706169 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-019-00979-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Regular cannabis use is associated with adverse cognitive and mental health outcomes that have been ascribed to aberrant neuroanatomy in brain regions densely innervated with cannabinoid receptors. Neuroanatomical differences between cannabis users and controls have been assessed in multiple structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) studies. However, there is heterogeneity in the results leading to cautious interpretation of the data so far. We examined the sMRI evidence to date in human cannabis users, to establish more definitely whether neuroanatomical alterations are associated with regular cannabis use. The regional specificity and association with cannabis use indices (i.e. cumulative dosage, duration) were also explored. We systematically reviewed and meta-analysed published sMRI studies investigating regional brain volumes (cortical, subcortical and global) in cannabis users and non-user controls. Three electronic databases were searched (PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO). A total of 17 meta-analyses were conducted (one for each cortical, subcortical and global volume) using the generic inverse variance method, whereby standardised mean difference in volume was calculated between users and non-users. Exploratory meta-regressions were conducted to investigate the association between cannabis use indices and regional brain volumes. A total of 30 articles were eligible for inclusion, contributing 106 effect sizes across 17 meta-analyses. Regular cannabis users had significantly smaller volumes of the hippocampus (SMD = 0.14, 95% CIs [0.02, 0.27]; Z = 2.29, p = 0.02, I2 = 74%) and orbitofrontal cortex {medial (SMD = 0.30, 95% CIs [0.15, 0.45]; Z = 3.89, p = 0.0001, I2 = 51%), lateral (SMD = 0.19, 95% CIs [0.07, 0.32]; Z = 3.10, p = 0.002, I2 = 26%)} relative to controls. The volumes of the hippocampus and orbitofrontal cortex were not significantly associated with cannabis duration and dosage. Our findings are consistent with evidence of aberrance in brain regions involved in reward, learning and memory, and motivation circuits in the regular use of substances other than cannabis, pointing to commonality in neurobiological abnormalities between regular users of cannabis and of other substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Lorenzetti
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Daniel Mannix building, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia.
| | - Yann Chye
- Brain and Mental Health Research Hub, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pedro Silva
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nadia Solowij
- School of Psychology and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Carl A Roberts
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Abstract
The high prevalence of diseases leading to brain injury disability makes it extremely relevant to study the various mechanisms of neurorehabilitation, among which neurogenesis has recently received a great attention. Over the past 20 years, there has been ample evidence for neurogenesis in the adult animal brain. Despite the fact that the prenatal development of the human brain has been thoroughly studied, the number of works on the process by which new neurons form in the adult human brain is not so large. This review devoted to the investigations of neurogenesis in the adult human brain includes data on changes in neurogenesis with age in neurodegenerative diseases, strokes, epilepsy, various addictions, traumatic injuries, and natural and drug regulation. The conclusion lists the issues on which there is an agreement or conflicting views in the literature and indicates the unanswered aspects of the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Perminova
- V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - V A Zinserling
- V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russia; Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Luján MÁ, Castro-Zavala A, Alegre-Zurano L, Valverde O. Repeated Cannabidiol treatment reduces cocaine intake and modulates neural proliferation and CB1R expression in the mouse hippocampus. Neuropharmacology 2018; 143:163-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Stuyt E. The Problem with the Current High Potency THC Marijuana from the Perspective of an Addiction Psychiatrist. MISSOURI MEDICINE 2018; 115:482-486. [PMID: 30643324 PMCID: PMC6312155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Stuyt
- Elizabeth 'Libby' Stuyt, MD, is a board certified Addiction Psychiatrist and a Senior Instructor for the University of Colorado Health Science Program, Department of Psychiatry. She is the medical director for a 90-inpatient dual diagnosis treatment program in Pueblo, Colorado
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Rafaiee R, Ahmadiankia N. Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Addiction Related Hippocampal Damages. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2018; 7:69-79. [PMID: 30276162 PMCID: PMC6148505 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.7.2.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The brain is an important organ that controls all sensory and motor actions, memory, and emotions. Each anatomical and physiological modulation in various brain centers, results in psychological, behavioral, and sensory-motor changes. Alcohol and addictive drugs such as opioids and amphetamines have been shown to exert a great impact on brain, specifically on the hippocampus. Emerging evidence has indicated that altered hippocampal neurogenesis is associated with the pathophysiology of neuropsychological disorders including addiction. The addictive drugs impair neurogenesis and undermine the function of neural stem/progenitor cells in hippocampus. This feature was claimed to be one of the underlying mechanisms of behavioral changes in patients with addiction. As the impairment of stem cells’ function has been proven to be the underlying cause of pathologic neuroadaptations in the brain, the administration of stem cell populations has shown promising results for re-modulating of neuronal status in the brain and especially in the hippocampus. Among the different types of stem cells, bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells are the most proper candidates for stem cell therapies. In this review article, the recent studies on the effects of addictive drugs on brain neurogenesis, and also the promising potential effects of stem cells in curing addiction related hippocampal damages are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Rafaiee
- Addiction Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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36
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Mechanisms of cortisol - Substance use development associations: Hypothesis generation through gene enrichment analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 92:128-139. [PMID: 29802855 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
There are many theories about the mechanisms of associations between hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function (indexed by cortisol) and substance use. However, the potential for genes that contribute to both HPA function and substance use to confound the association (e.g., genetic confounding) has largely been ignored. We explore the potential role of genetics in cortisol-substance use associations, build a conceptual framework placing theories and mechanisms for how cortisol and substance use are related into a developmental progression, and develop new hypotheses based on our findings. We conclude that the relationship between cortisol function and substance use is complex, occurs at multiple levels of analysis, and is bidirectional at multiple phases of the substance use progression. Additionally, there is potential for genetic confounding in cortisol-substance use associations, and thus a need for genetically informed designs to investigate how and why cortisol function is associated with substance use phenotypes from initiation through disorder. Gene-environment interplay and developmental context are likely to impact the effectiveness of prevention and intervention efforts to reduce substance use problems.
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37
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Ivan Ezquerra-Romano I, Lawn W, Krupitsky E, Morgan CJA. Ketamine for the treatment of addiction: Evidence and potential mechanisms. Neuropharmacology 2018; 142:72-82. [PMID: 29339294 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine is a dissociative anaesthetic drug which acts on the central nervous system chiefly through antagonism of the n-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Recently, ketamine has attracted attention as a rapid-acting anti-depressant but other studies have also reported its efficacy in reducing problematic alcohol and drug use. This review explores the preclinical and clinical research into ketamine's ability to treat addiction. Despite methodological limitations and the relative infancy of the field, results thus far are promising. Ketamine has been shown to effectively prolong abstinence from alcohol and heroin in detoxified alcoholics and heroin dependent individuals, respectively. Moreover, ketamine reduced craving for and self-administration of cocaine in non-treatment seeking cocaine users. However, further randomised controlled trials are urgently needed to confirm ketamine's efficacy. Possible mechanisms by which ketamine may work within addiction include: enhancement of neuroplasticity and neurogenesis, disruption of relevant functional neural networks, treating depressive symptoms, blocking reconsolidation of drug-related memories, provoking mystical experiences and enhancing psychological therapy efficacy. Identifying the mechanisms by which ketamine exerts its therapeutic effects in addiction, from the many possible candidates, is crucial for advancing this treatment and may have broader implications understanding other psychedelic therapies. In conclusion, ketamine shows great promise as a treatment for various addictions, but well-controlled research is urgently needed. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Psychedelics: New Doors, Altered Perceptions'.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ivan Ezquerra-Romano
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - W Lawn
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - E Krupitsky
- St.-Petersburg Pavlov State Medical University and Bekhterev Research Psychoneurological Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - C J A Morgan
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK; Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
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38
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Dendrosomal nanocurcumin prevents morphine self-administration behavior in rats despite CA1 damage. Behav Pharmacol 2017; 28:681-689. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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39
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Zhang Y, Kibaly C, Xu C, Loh HH, Law PY. Temporal effect of manipulating NeuroD1 expression with the synthetic small molecule KHS101 on morphine contextual memory. Neuropharmacology 2017; 126:58-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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40
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Liu Y, Lu GY, Chen WQ, Li YF, Wu N, Li J. Agmatine inhibits chronic morphine exposure-induced impairment of hippocampal neural progenitor proliferation in adult rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 818:50-56. [PMID: 29031903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that agmatine inhibited opioid dependence, yet the neural mechanism remains unclear. Growing evidence showed that opioids decrease neurogenesis in the adult hippocampal subgranular zone by inhibiting neural progenitor proliferation. However, whether agmatine affects chronic opioid exposure-induced impairment to hippocampal neural progenitor cell proliferation remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the role of agmatine in hippocampal neural progenitors in morphine dependence rats. We found that chronic administration of morphine for 12 days induced morphine dependence in rats. This treatment not only decreased the proliferation of hippocampal neural progenitors in the granule cell layer, but also decreased the levels of hippocampal cAMP, pCREB and BDNF. However, these alterations can be restored to normal levels by co-treatment of agmatine (10mg/kg, s.c.). In vitro treatment with agmatine (10µM) for two days significantly increased proliferation of the cultured hippocampal neural progenitors. Concurrent treatment of agmatine (10µM) with morphine (10 or 50µM) reversed the supression of morphine-induced neural progenitor proliferation. In conclusion, we found that agmatine abolished chronic morphine-induced decrease in proliferation of hippocampal progenitors in vivo and in vitro, which may be due to the increase in cAMP-CREB-BDNF signaling. The enhancement of agmatine to proliferation of hippocampal progenitors may be one of the important mechanisms involved in the inhibition of morphine dependence by agmatine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of New Drug Evaluation, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Guan-Yi Lu
- Department of New Drug Evaluation, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Wen-Qiang Chen
- Department of New Drug Evaluation, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Yun-Feng Li
- Department of New Drug Evaluation, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Ning Wu
- Department of New Drug Evaluation, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Jin Li
- Department of New Drug Evaluation, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China.
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41
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Castilla-Ortega E, Ladrón de Guevara-Miranda D, Serrano A, Pavón FJ, Suárez J, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Santín LJ. The impact of cocaine on adult hippocampal neurogenesis: Potential neurobiological mechanisms and contributions to maladaptive cognition in cocaine addiction disorder. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 141:100-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Cannabis-related hippocampal volumetric abnormalities specific to subregions in dependent users. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:2149-2157. [PMID: 28424833 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4620-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cannabis use is associated with neuroanatomical alterations in the hippocampus. While the hippocampus is composed of multiple subregions, their differential vulnerability to cannabis dependence remains unknown. OBJECTIVES The objective of the study is to investigate gray matter alteration in each of the hippocampal subregions (presubiculum, subiculum, cornu ammonis (CA) subfields CA1-4, and dentate gyrus (DG)) as associated with cannabis use and dependence. METHODS A total of 35 healthy controls (HC), 22 non-dependent (CB-nondep), and 39 dependent (CB-dep) cannabis users were recruited. We investigated group differences in hippocampal subregion volumes between HC, CB-nondep, and CB-dep users. We further explored the association between CB use variables (age of onset of regular use, monthly use, lifetime use) and hippocampal subregions in CB-nondep and CB-dep users separately. RESULTS The CA1, CA2/3, CA4/DG, as well as total hippocampal gray matter were reduced in volume in CB-dep but not in CB-nondep users, relative to HC. The right CA2/3 and CA4/DG volumes were also negatively associated with lifetime cannabis use in CB-dep users. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a regionally and dependence-specific influence of cannabis use on the hippocampus. Hippocampal alteration in cannabis users was specific to the CA and DG regions and confined to dependent users.
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McAndrew A, Lawn W, Stevens T, Porffy L, Brandner B, Morgan CJA. A proof-of-concept investigation into ketamine as a pharmacological treatment for alcohol dependence: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2017; 18:159. [PMID: 28372596 PMCID: PMC5379743 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-1895-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Worldwide, alcohol abuse is a burgeoning problem. Abstinence is key to allow recovery of physical and mental health as well as quality of life, but treatment for alcohol dependence is associated with high relapse rates. Preliminary data have suggested that a combined repeated ketamine and psychological therapy programme may be effective in reducing relapse in severe alcohol use disorder. This non-commercial proof-of-concept trial is aimed at making a preliminary assessment of the effectiveness of this combined treatment in this patient group. Methods/design This is a phase II, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial taking place in two sites in the UK: the South West of England and London. Ninety-six recently detoxified alcoholics, with comorbid depressive symptoms, will be randomised to one of four treatment arms. Patients will receive either three sessions of ketamine (0.8 mg/kg administered intravenously (IV) over 40 minutes) or placebo (50 ml saline 0.9% IV over 40 minutes) plus either seven sessions of manualised psychological therapy or an alcohol education control. Patients will be assessed at 3 and 6 months on a range of psychological and biological variables. The primary endpoints are (1) relapse rates at 6 months and (2) percentage days abstinent at 6 months. Secondary endpoints include 3 and 6 month percentage days abstinence, tolerability (indicated by dropout), adverse events, depressive symptoms, craving and quality of life. Discussion This study will provide important information on a new combined psychological and pharmacological intervention aimed at reducing relapse rates in alcoholics. The findings would have broad application given the worldwide prevalence of alcoholism and its associated medical, psychological and social problems. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02649231. Registered on 5 January 2016. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-017-1895-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy McAndrew
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (PARC), College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Washington Singer Building, Perry Road, Exeter, EX4 4QG, UK.
| | - Will Lawn
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Tobias Stevens
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (PARC), College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Washington Singer Building, Perry Road, Exeter, EX4 4QG, UK
| | - Lilla Porffy
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Brigitta Brandner
- Anaesthetics Department, Podium 3, maple Link corridor, Unviersity College Hospital, 235 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Celia J A Morgan
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (PARC), College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Washington Singer Building, Perry Road, Exeter, EX4 4QG, UK
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45
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Chambers RA, Wallingford SC. On Mourning and Recovery: Integrating Stages of Grief and Change Toward a Neuroscience-Based Model of Attachment Adaptation in Addiction Treatment. Psychodyn Psychiatry 2017; 45:451-473. [PMID: 29244621 PMCID: PMC6383361 DOI: 10.1521/pdps.2017.45.4.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Interpersonal attachment and drug addiction share many attributes across their behavioral and neurobiological domains. Understanding the overlapping brain circuitry of attachment formation and addiction illuminates a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of trauma-related mental illnesses and comorbid substance use disorders, and the extent to which ending an addiction is complicated by being a sort of mourning process. Attention to the process of addiction recovery-as a form of grieving-in which Kubler-Ross's stages of grief and Prochaska's stages of change are ultimately describing complementary viewpoints on a general process of neural network and attachment remodeling, could lead to more effective and integrative psychotherapy and medication strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Andrew Chambers
- Director, Addiction Psychiatry Training Program & Lab for Translational Neuroscience of Dual Diagnosis, Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sue C. Wallingford
- Chair, Division of Transpersonal Counseling and Psychology, Associate Professor, Graduate School of Counseling & Psychology, Naropa University, Boulder, CO
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46
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Sakharkar AJ, Vetreno RP, Zhang H, Kokare DM, Crews FT, Pandey SC. A role for histone acetylation mechanisms in adolescent alcohol exposure-induced deficits in hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression and neurogenesis markers in adulthood. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 221:4691-4703. [PMID: 26941165 PMCID: PMC5010799 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1196-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Binge drinking during adolescence is a risk factor for neuropsychiatric disorders that can develop later in life. Histone acetylation is an important epigenetic mechanism that contributes to neurodevelopment. We investigated the effects of adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure, as opposed to normal saline (AIS) exposure, on histone acetylation-mediated regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and developmental stages of neurogenesis (proliferating and immature neurons) in the hippocampus in adulthood. AIE exposure increased whole hippocampal histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity and decreased binding protein of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CBP) and histone H3-K9 acetylation levels in the CA1, CA2, and CA3 regions of the hippocampus. BDNF protein and exon IV mRNA levels in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus of AIE-exposed adult rats were decreased as compared to AIS-exposed adult rats. AIE-induced anxiety-like behaviors and deficits in histone H3 acetylation at BDNF exon IV promoter in the hippocampus during adulthood, which were reversed by treatment with the HDAC inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA). Similarly, neurogenesis was inhibited by AIE in adulthood as demonstrated by the decrease in Ki-67 and doublecortin (DCX)-positive cells in the dentate gyrus, which was normalized by TSA treatment. These results indicate that AIE exposure increases HDACs and decreases CBP levels that may be associated with a decrease in histone H3 acetylation in the hippocampus. These epigenetic changes potentially decrease BDNF expression and inhibit neurogenesis in the hippocampus that may be involved in AIE-induced behavioral abnormalities, including anxiety, in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amul J Sakharkar
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics (CARE), University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 West Taylor Street (m/c 912), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Ryan P Vetreno
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Huaibo Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics (CARE), University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 West Taylor Street (m/c 912), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Dadasaheb M Kokare
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics (CARE), University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 West Taylor Street (m/c 912), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Fulton T Crews
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Subhash C Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics (CARE), University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 West Taylor Street (m/c 912), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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47
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Sajid A, Whiteman A, Bell RL, Greene MS, Engleman EA, Chambers RA. Prescription drug monitoring program data tracking of opioid addiction treatment outcomes in integrated dual diagnosis care involving injectable naltrexone. Am J Addict 2016; 25:557-64. [PMID: 27647699 PMCID: PMC5096257 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Fourfold increases in opioid prescribing and dispensations over 2 decades in the U.S. has paralleled increases in opioid addictions and overdoses, requiring new preventative, diagnostic, and treatment strategies. This study examines Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP) tracking as a novel measure of opioid addiction treatment outcomes in a university-affiliated integrated mental health-addiction treatment clinic. METHODS Repeated measure parametrics examined PDMP and urine drug screening (UDS) data before and after first injection for all patients (N = 68) who received at least one long-acting naltrexone injection (380 mg/IM) according to diagnostic groupings of having either (i) alcohol (control); (ii) opioid; or (iii) combined alcohol and opioid use disorders. RESULTS There were no group differences post-injection in treatment days, injections delivered, or treatment service encounters. UDS and PDMP measures of opioid exposures were greater in opioid compared to alcohol-only patients. Post-first injection, UDS's positive for opioids declined (p < .05) along with PDMP measures of opioid prescriptions (p < .001), doses (p < .01), types (p < .001), numbers of dispensing prescribers (p < .001) and pharmacies (p < .001). Opioid patients without alcohol disorders showed the best outcomes with 50% to 80% reductions in PDMP-measures of opioids, down to levels of alcohol-only patients. CONCLUSIONS This study shows PDMP utility for measuring opioid addiction treatment outcomes, supporting the routine use of PDMPs in clinical and research settings. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE These findings demonstrate that opioid addiction in patients with complex addictions and mental illnesses comorbidities can show effective treatment responses as measured by PDMP tracking of decreases in opioid prescriptions to those patients. (Am J Addict 2016;25:557-564).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Sajid
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapoils, Indiana
| | - Aaron Whiteman
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapoils, Indiana
| | - Richard L Bell
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapoils, Indiana
| | - Marion S Greene
- Fairbanks School of Public Health, IUPUI, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Eric A Engleman
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapoils, Indiana
| | - R Andrew Chambers
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapoils, Indiana.
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48
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Castilla-Ortega E, Blanco E, Serrano A, Ladrón de Guevara-Miranda D, Pedraz M, Estivill-Torrús G, Pavón FJ, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Santín LJ. Pharmacological reduction of adult hippocampal neurogenesis modifies functional brain circuits in mice exposed to a cocaine conditioned place preference paradigm. Addict Biol 2016; 21:575-88. [PMID: 25870909 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) behaviour and the functional brain circuitry involved. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis was pharmacologically reduced with temozolomide (TMZ), and mice were tested for cocaine-induced CPP to study c-Fos expression in the hippocampus and in extrahippocampal addiction-related areas. Correlational and multivariate analysis revealed that, under normal conditions, the hippocampus showed widespread functional connectivity with other brain areas and strongly contributed to the functional brain module associated with CPP expression. However, the neurogenesis-reduced mice showed normal CPP acquisition but engaged an alternate brain circuit where the functional connectivity of the dentate gyrus was notably reduced and other areas (the medial prefrontal cortex, accumbens and paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus) were recruited instead of the hippocampus. A second experiment unveiled that mice acquiring the cocaine-induced CPP under neurogenesis-reduced conditions were delayed in extinguishing their drug-seeking behaviour. But if the inhibited neurons were generated after CPP acquisition, extinction was not affected but an enhanced long-term CPP retention was found, suggesting that some roles of the adult-born neurons may differ depending on whether they are generated before or after drug-contextual associations are established. Importantly, cocaine-induced reinstatement of CPP behaviour was increased in the TMZ mice, regardless of the time of neurogenesis inhibition. The results show that adult hippocampal neurogenesis sculpts the addiction-related functional brain circuits, and reduction of the adult-born hippocampal neurons increases cocaine seeking in the CPP model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Castilla-Ortega
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Spain
| | - Eduardo Blanco
- Departament de Pedagogia i Psicología; Facultat d'Educació, Psicologia i Treball Social; Universitat de Lleida; Spain
| | - Antonia Serrano
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Spain
| | - David Ladrón de Guevara-Miranda
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Facultad de Psicología; Universidad de Málaga; Spain
| | - María Pedraz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Spain
| | - Guillermo Estivill-Torrús
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Neurociencias y ECAI de Microscopía; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospitales Universitarios Regional de Málaga y Virgen de la Victoria; Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Pavón
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Spain
| | - Luis J. Santín
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Facultad de Psicología; Universidad de Málaga; Spain
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49
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Castilla-Ortega E, Serrano A, Blanco E, Araos P, Suárez J, Pavón FJ, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Santín LJ. A place for the hippocampus in the cocaine addiction circuit: Potential roles for adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 66:15-32. [PMID: 27118134 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine addiction is a chronic brain disease in which the drug seeking habits and profound cognitive, emotional and motivational alterations emerge from drug-induced neuroadaptations on a vulnerable brain. Therefore, a 'cocaine addiction brain circuit' has been described to explain this disorder. Studies in both cocaine patients and rodents reveal the hippocampus as a main node in the cocaine addiction circuit. The contribution of the hippocampus to cocaine craving and the associated memories is essential to understand the chronic relapsing nature of addiction, which is the main obstacle for the recovery. Interestingly, the hippocampus holds a particular form of plasticity that is rare in the adult brain: the ability to generate new functional neurons. There is an active scientific debate on the contributions of these new neurons to the addicted brain. This review focuses on the potential role(s) of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) in cocaine addiction. Although the current evidence primarily originates from animal research, these preclinical studies support AHN as a relevant component for the hippocampal effects of cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Castilla-Ortega
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Spain.
| | - Antonia Serrano
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Spain
| | - Eduardo Blanco
- Departament de Pedagogia i Psicologia, Facultat d'Educació, Psicologia i Treball Social, Universitat de Lleida, Spain
| | - Pedro Araos
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Suárez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J Pavón
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis J Santín
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Spain.
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50
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Gros A, Veyrac A, Laroche S. [Brain and memory: new neurons to remember]. Biol Aujourdhui 2016; 209:229-248. [PMID: 26820830 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2015028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A defining characteristic of the brain is its remarkable capacity to undergo activity-dependent functional and structural remodelling via mechanisms of plasticity that form the basis of our capacity to encode and retain memories. The prevailing model of how our brain stores new information about relationships between events or new abstract constructs suggests it resides in activity-driven modifications of synaptic strength and remodelling of neural networks brought about by cellular and molecular changes within the neurons activated during learning. To date, the idea that a form of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity known as long-term potentiation, or LTP, and the associated synaptic growth play a central role in the laying down of memories has received considerable support. Beyond this mechanism of plasticity at the synapse, adult neurogenesis, i.e. the birth and growth of new neurons, is another form of neural plasticity that occurs continuously in defined brain regions such as the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Here, based on work in the hippocampus, we review the processes and mechanisms of the generation and selection of new neurons in the adult brain and the accumulating evidence that supports the idea that this form of neural plasticity is essential to store and lead to retrievable hippocampal-dependent memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gros
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, UMR 9197, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Alexandra Veyrac
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, UMR 5292 CNRS, INSERM U1028, Université Lyon 1, 69366 Lyon, France
| | - Serge Laroche
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, UMR 9197, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
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