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Xu Y, Biby S, Guo C, Liu Z, Cai J, Wang XY, Zhang S. Characterization of a small molecule inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its potential use for acute lung injury. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107562. [PMID: 38901282 PMCID: PMC11270536 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating data support the key roles of the NLRP3 inflammasome, an essential component of the innate immune system, in human pathophysiology. As an emerging drug target and a potential biomarker for human diseases, small molecule inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome have been actively pursued. Our recent studies identified a small molecule, MS-II-124, as a potent NLRP3 inhibitor and potential imaging probe. In this report, MS-II-124 was further characterized by an unbiased and comprehensive analysis through Eurofins BioMAP Diversity PLUS panel that contains 12 human primary cell-based systems. The analysis revealed promising activities of MS-II-124 on inflammation and immune functions, further supporting the roles of the NLRP3 inflammasome in these model systems. Further studies of MS-II-124 in mouse model of acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and NLRP3 knockout mice demonstrated its target engagement, efficacy to suppress inflammatory cytokines and infiltration of immune cells in the lung tissues. In summary, the results support the therapeutic potential of MS-II-124 as a NLRP3 inhibitor and warrant future studies of this compound and its analogs to develop therapeutics for ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Savannah Biby
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Chunqing Guo
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Jinyang Cai
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Shijun Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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2
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Chidambaram V, Kumar A, Sadaf MI, Lu E, Al’Aref SJ, Tarun T, Galiatsatos P, Gulati M, Blumenthal RS, Leucker TM, Karakousis PC, Mehta JL. COVID-19 in the Initiation and Progression of Atherosclerosis: Pathophysiology During and Beyond the Acute Phase. JACC. ADVANCES 2024; 3:101107. [PMID: 39113913 PMCID: PMC11304887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2024.101107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is increasing globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries, despite significant efforts to reduce traditional risk factors. Premature subclinical atherosclerosis has been documented in association with several viral infections. The magnitude of the recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to understand the association between SARS-CoV-2 and atherosclerosis. This review examines various pathophysiological mechanisms, including endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation, and inflammatory and immune hyperactivation triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection, with specific attention on their roles in initiating and promoting the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Additionally, it addresses the various pathogenic mechanisms by which COVID-19 in the post-acute phase may contribute to the development of vascular disease. Understanding the overlap of these syndromes may enable novel therapeutic strategies. We further explore the need for guidelines for closer follow-up for the often-overlooked evidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease among patients with recent COVID-19, particularly those with cardiometabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Chidambaram
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Amudha Kumar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Murrium I. Sadaf
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Emily Lu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Subhi J. Al’Aref
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Tushar Tarun
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Panagis Galiatsatos
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Martha Gulati
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Roger S. Blumenthal
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thorsten M. Leucker
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Petros C. Karakousis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jawahar L. Mehta
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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3
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Roohi A, Gharagozlou S. Vitamin D supplementation and calcium: Many-faced gods or nobody in fighting against Corona Virus Disease 2019. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 62:172-184. [PMID: 38901939 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
In December 2019, Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified and designated as a pandemic in March 2020 due to rapid spread of the virus globally. At the beginning of the pandemic, only a few treatment options, mainly focused on supportive care and repurposing medications, were available. Due to its effects on immune system, vitamin D was a topic of interest during the pandemic, and researchers investigated its potential impact on COVID-19 outcomes. However, the results of studies about the impact of vitamin D on the disease are inconclusive. In the present narrative review, different roles of vitamin D regarding the COVID-19 have been discussed to show that vitamin D supplementation should be recommended carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Roohi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Frank MG, Ball JB, Hopkins S, Kelley T, Kuzma AJ, Thompson RS, Fleshner M, Maier SF. SARS-CoV-2 S1 subunit produces a protracted priming of the neuroinflammatory, physiological, and behavioral responses to a remote immune challenge: A role for corticosteroids. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 121:87-103. [PMID: 39043345 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Long COVID is a major public health consequence of COVID-19 and is characterized by multiple neurological and neuropsychatric symptoms. SARS-CoV-2 antigens (e.g., spike S1 subunit) are found in the circulation of Long COVID patients, have been detected in post-mortem brain of COVID patients, and exhibit neuroinflammatory properties. Considering recent observations of chronic neuroinflammation in Long COVID patients, the present study explores the idea that antigens derived from SARS-CoV-2 might produce a long-term priming or sensitization of neuroinflammatory processes, thereby potentiating the magnitude and/or duration of the neuroinflammatory response to future inflammatory insults. Rats were administered S1 or vehicle intra-cisterna magna and 7d later challenged with vehicle or LPS. The neuroinflammatory, physiological, and behavioral responses to LPS were measured at various time points post-LPS. We found that prior S1 treatment potentiated many of these responses to LPS suggesting that S1 produces a protracted priming of these processes. Further, S1 produced a protracted reduction in basal brain corticosteroids. Considering the anti-inflammatory properties of corticosteroids, these findings suggest that S1 might disinhibit innate immune processes in brain by reducing anti-inflammatory drive, thereby priming neuroinflammatory processes. Given that hypocortisolism is observed in Long COVID, we propose that similar S1-induced innate immune priming processes might play role in the pathophysiology of Long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Frank
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80301, USA; Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80301, USA.
| | - Jayson B Ball
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Shelby Hopkins
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Tel Kelley
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Angelina J Kuzma
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Robert S Thompson
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Monika Fleshner
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Steven F Maier
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
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5
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Lu MJ, Zhang JQ, Nie ZY, Yan TH, Cao YB, Zhang LC, Li L. Monocyte/macrophage-mediated venous thrombus resolution. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1429523. [PMID: 39100675 PMCID: PMC11297357 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1429523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) poses a notable risk of morbidity and mortality. The natural resolution of the venous thrombus might be a potential alternative treatment strategy for VTE. Monocytes/macrophages merge as pivotal cell types in the gradual resolution of the thrombus. In this review, the vital role of macrophages in inducing inflammatory response, augmenting neovascularization, and facilitating the degradation of fibrin and collagen during thrombus resolution was described. The two phenotypes of macrophages involved in thrombus resolution and their dual functions were discussed. Macrophages expressing various factors, including cytokines and their receptors, adhesion molecules, chemokine receptors, vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, profibrinolytic- or antifibrinolytic-related enzymes, and other elements, are explored for their potential to promote or attenuate thrombus resolution. Furthermore, this review provides a comprehensive summary of new and promising therapeutic candidate drugs associated with monocytes/macrophages that have been demonstrated to promote or impair thrombus resolution. However, further clinical trials are essential to validate their efficacy in VTE therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jiao Lu
- Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM- Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutic University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Qi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou-Yu Nie
- Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM- Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Hua Yan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutic University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-Bing Cao
- Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM- Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Chao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Li
- Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM- Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Jyonouchi H. Autism spectrum disorder and a possible role of anti-inflammatory treatments: experience in the pediatric allergy/immunology clinic. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1333717. [PMID: 38979496 PMCID: PMC11228311 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1333717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD1) is a behaviorally defined syndrome encompassing a markedly heterogeneous patient population. Many ASD subjects fail to respond to the 1st line behavioral and pharmacological interventions, leaving parents to seek out other treatment options. Evidence supports that neuroinflammation plays a role in ASD pathogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms likely vary for each ASD patient, influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Although anti-inflammatory treatment measures, mainly based on metabolic changes and oxidative stress, have provided promising results in some ASD subjects, the use of such measures requires the careful selection of ASD subjects based on clinical and laboratory findings. Recent progress in neuroscience and molecular immunology has made it possible to allow re-purposing of currently available anti-inflammatory medications, used for autoimmune and other chronic inflammatory conditions, as treatment options for ASD subjects. On the other hand, emerging anti-inflammatory medications, including biologic and gate-keeper blockers, exert powerful anti-inflammatory effects on specific mediators or signaling pathways. It will require both a keen understanding of the mechanisms of action of such agents and the careful selection of ASD patients suitable for each treatment. This review will attempt to summarize the use of anti-inflammatory agents already used in targeting ASD patients, and then emerging anti-inflammatory measures applicable for ASD subjects based on scientific rationale and clinical trial data, if available. In our experience, some ASD patients were treated under diagnoses of autoimmune/autoinflammatory conditions and/or post-infectious neuroinflammation. However, there are little clinical trial data specifically for ASD subjects. Therefore, these emerging immunomodulating agents for potential use for ASD subjects will be discussed based on preclinical data, case reports, or data generated in patients with other medical conditions. This review will hopefully highlight the expanding scope of immunomodulating agents for treating neuroinflammation in ASD subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harumi Jyonouchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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Focosi D, Franchini M, Maggi F, Shoham S. COVID-19 therapeutics. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024; 37:e0011923. [PMID: 38771027 PMCID: PMC11237566 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00119-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYSince the emergence of COVID-19 in 2020, an unprecedented range of therapeutic options has been studied and deployed. Healthcare providers have multiple treatment approaches to choose from, but efficacy of those approaches often remains controversial or compromised by viral evolution. Uncertainties still persist regarding the best therapies for high-risk patients, and the drug pipeline is suffering fatigue and shortage of funding. In this article, we review the antiviral activity, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and safety of COVID-19 antiviral therapies. Additionally, we summarize the evidence from randomized controlled trials on efficacy and safety of the various COVID-19 antivirals and discuss unmet needs which should be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Focosi
- North-Western Tuscany Blood Bank, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Franchini
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Carlo Poma Hospital, Mantua, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Shmuel Shoham
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Song J, Liu Y, Guo Y, Yuan M, Zhong W, Tang J, Guo Y, Guo L. Therapeutic effects of tetrandrine in inflammatory diseases: a comprehensive review. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1743-1757. [PMID: 38568399 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01452-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation can be triggered by any factor. The primary pathological manifestations can be summarized as the deterioration, exudation, and proliferation of local tissues, which can cause systemic damage in severe cases. Inflammatory lesions are primarily localized but may interact with body systems to cause provocative storms, parenchymal organ lesions, vascular and central nervous system necrosis, and other pathologic responses. Tetrandrine (TET) is a bisbenzylquinoline alkaloid extracted from the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Stephania tetrandra, which has been shown to have significant efficacy in inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, hepatitis, nephritis, etc., through NF-κB, MAPK, ERK, and STAT3 signaling pathways. TET can regulate the body's imbalanced metabolic pathways, reverse the inflammatory process, reduce other pathological damage caused by inflammation, and prevent the vicious cycle. More importantly, TET does not disrupt body's normal immune function while clearing the body's inflammatory state. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to its dosage and duration during treatment to avoid unexpected side effects caused by a long half-life. In summary, TET has a promising future in treating inflammatory diseases. The author reviews current therapeutic studies of TET in inflammatory conditions to provide some ideas for subsequent anti-inflammatory studies of TET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yushi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yurou Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Minghao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Wenxiao Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jiamei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yiping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Pokhylko V, Cherniavska Y, Fishchuk L, Rossokha Z, Popova O, Vershyhora V, Ievseienkova O, Soloviova H, Zhuk L, Gorovenko N. Association of the C3953T (rs1143634) variant of the interleukin 1 beta gene with the features of a complicated course of COVID-19-associated pneumonia. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:630. [PMID: 38720147 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09569-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1 plays an important role in severe COVID-19. A change in IL-1 production may be associated with a mutation in the IL1Β gene. Our study analyzed the impact of the IL1Β gene variants (rs1143634) on disease progression in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia, taking into account treatment strategies. METHODS AND RESULTS The study enrolled 117 patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. The IL1Β gene variants were identified using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. In the group of patients, the following genotype frequencies were found based on the investigated rs1143634 variant of the IL1Β gene: CC-65.8%, CT-28.2%, and TT-6.0%. Our results showed that the group of patients with the T allele of the IL1Β gene had higher leukocyte counts (p = 0.040) and more pronounced lymphopenia (p = 0.007). It was determined that patients carrying the T allele stayed on ventilators significantly longer (p = 0.049) and required longer treatment with corticosteroids (p = 0.045). CONCLUSION Identifying variants of the IL1Β gene can be used as a predictive tool for assessing the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia and tailoring personalized treatment strategies. Further research with a larger patient cohort is required to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liliia Fishchuk
- Department of Genetic Diagnostics, Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, SI "M.D. Strazhesko National Scientific Center of the NAMS of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Zoia Rossokha
- SI "Reference-Center for Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olena Popova
- SI "Reference-Center for Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Viktoriia Vershyhora
- SI "Reference-Center for Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olena Ievseienkova
- Department of Genetic Diagnostics, Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, SI "M.D. Strazhesko National Scientific Center of the NAMS of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Nataliia Gorovenko
- Department of Genetic Diagnostics, Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, SI "M.D. Strazhesko National Scientific Center of the NAMS of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine
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10
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Poisson J, El-Sissy C, Serret-Larmande A, Smith N, Lebraud M, Augy JL, Conti C, Gonnin C, Planquette B, Arlet JB, Hermann B, Charbit B, Pastre J, Devaux F, Ladavière C, Lim L, Ober P, Cannovas J, Biard L, Gulczynski MC, Blumenthal N, Péré H, Knosp C, Gey A, Benhamouda N, Murris J, Veyer D, Tartour E, Diehl JL, Duffy D, Paillaud E, Granier C. Increased levels of GM-CSF and CXCL10 and low CD8 + memory stem T Cell count are markers of immunosenescence and severe COVID-19 in older people. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:28. [PMID: 38715114 PMCID: PMC11075216 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-024-00430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ageing leads to altered immune responses, resulting in higher susceptibility to certain infections in the elderly. Immune ageing is a heterogeneous process also associated with inflammaging, a low-grade chronic inflammation. Altered cytotoxic T cell responses and cytokine storm have previously been described in severe COVID-19 cases, however the parameters responsible for such immune response failures are not well known. The aim of our study was to characterize CD8+ T cells and cytokines associated with ageing, in a cohort of patients aged over 70 years stratified by COVID-19 severity. RESULTS One hundred and four patients were included in the study. We found that, in older people, COVID-19 severity was associated with (i) higher level of GM-CSF, CXCL10 (IP-10), VEGF, IL-1β, CCL2 (MCP-1) and the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), (ii) increased terminally differentiated CD8+T cells, and (ii) decreased early precursors CD8+ T stem cell-like memory cells (TSCM) and CD27+CD28+. The cytokines mentioned above were found at higher concentrations in the COVID-19+ older cohort compared to a younger cohort in which they were not associated with disease severity. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the particular importance of the myeloid lineage in COVID-19 severity among older people. As GM-CSF and CXCL10 were not associated with COVID-19 severity in younger patients, they may represent disease severity specific markers of ageing and should be considered in older people care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Poisson
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Hôpital Europeen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Inserm U1149, Center for Research on Inflammation, Paris, France
| | - Carine El-Sissy
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Paris, France
- Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, University Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Immunology, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Serret-Larmande
- ECSTRRA Team, UMR-1153, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, AP-HP, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Nikaïa Smith
- Translational Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Morgane Lebraud
- Department of Immunology, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), Paris, France
| | - Jean-Loup Augy
- Medical intensive care unit, Hopital Delafontaine, 2 rue du Dr Delafontaine, Saint-Denis, 93200, France
| | - Catherine Conti
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Hôpital Europeen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Gonnin
- Department of Immunology, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, PARCC, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Planquette
- Service de Pneumologie Et Soins Intensifs, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Benoît Arlet
- Internal Medicine Department, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Bertrand Hermann
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, AP-HP. Centre Université Paris Cité, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, 75015, France
- INSERM UMR 1266, Institut de Psychiatrie Et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Charbit
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Jean Pastre
- Service de Pneumologie Et Soins Intensifs, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Floriane Devaux
- Department of Immunology, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), Paris, France
| | - Cyrielle Ladavière
- Department of Immunology, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), Paris, France
| | - Lydie Lim
- Department of Immunology, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), Paris, France
| | - Pauline Ober
- Department of Immunology, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), Paris, France
| | - Johanna Cannovas
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Hôpital Europeen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Biard
- ECSTRRA Team, UMR-1153, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, AP-HP, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Christelle Gulczynski
- Gérontologie 1, GHU AP-HP. Centre Université Paris Cité, Corentin Celton Hospital, Issy-Les-Moulineaux, 92130, France
| | - Noémie Blumenthal
- Department of Immunology, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), Paris, France
| | - Hélène Péré
- Virology Laboratory, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, APHP.Centre - Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche Des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors Laboratory, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Labex OncoImmunology, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Santé, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France
| | | | - Alain Gey
- Department of Immunology, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), Paris, France
| | - Nadine Benhamouda
- Department of Immunology, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), Paris, France
| | - Juliette Murris
- HeKA, Inria Paris, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - David Veyer
- Virology Laboratory, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, APHP.Centre - Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche Des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors Laboratory, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Labex OncoImmunology, Paris, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- Department of Immunology, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Diehl
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, AP-HP. Centre Université Paris Cité, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, 75015, France
- University Paris Cité, Innovative Therapies in Hemostasis, INSERM, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Translational Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Elena Paillaud
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Hôpital Europeen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
- Univ. Paris Est Créteil, Inserm U955, IMRB, Créteil, France.
| | - Clémence Granier
- Department of Immunology, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), Paris, France.
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11
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Park HJ, Shin MS, Shin JJ, Kim H, Kang B, Par-Young J, Unlu S, Afinogenova Y, Catanzaro J, Young J, Kim M, Lee SJ, Jeon S, You S, Racke MK, Bucala R, Kang I. IL-1 receptor 1 signaling shapes the development of viral antigen-specific CD4 + T cell responses following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. EBioMedicine 2024; 103:105114. [PMID: 38640835 PMCID: PMC11041015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The innate immune cytokine interleukin (IL)-1 can affect T cell immunity, a critical factor in host defense. In a previous study, we identified a subset of human CD4+ T cells which express IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1). However, the expression of such receptor by viral antigen-specific CD4+ T cells and its biological implication remain largely unexplored. This led us to investigate the implication of IL-1R1 in the development of viral antigen-specific CD4+ T cell responses in humans, including healthy individuals and patients with primary antibody deficiency (PAD), and animals. METHODS We characterized CD4+ T cells specific for SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein, influenza virus, and cytomegalovirus utilizing multiplexed single cell RNA-seq, mass cytometry and flow cytometry followed by an animal study. FINDINGS In healthy individuals, CD4+ T cells specific for viral antigens, including S protein, highly expressed IL-1R1. IL-1β promoted interferon (IFN)-γ expression by S protein-stimulated CD4+ T cells, supporting the functional implication of IL-1R1. Following the 2nd dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, S protein-specific CD4+ T cells with high levels of IL-1R1 increased, likely reflecting repetitive antigenic stimulation. The expression levels of IL-1R1 by such cells correlated with the development of serum anti-S protein IgG antibody. A similar finding of increased expression of IL-1R1 by S protein-specific CD4+ T cells was also observed in patients with PAD following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination although the expression levels of IL-1R1 by such cells did not correlate with the levels of serum anti-S protein IgG antibody. In mice immunized with COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, neutralizing IL-1R1 decreased IFN-γ expression by S protein-specific CD4+ T cells and the development of anti-S protein IgG antibody. INTERPRETATION Our results demonstrate the significance of IL-1R1 expression in CD4+ T cells for the development of viral antigen-specific CD4+ T cell responses, contributing to humoral immunity. This provides an insight into the regulation of adaptive immune responses to viruses via the IL-1 and IL-1R1 interface. FUNDING Moderna to HJP, National Institutes of Health (NIH) 1R01AG056728 and R01AG055362 to IK and KL2 TR001862 to JJS, Quest Diagnostics to IK and RB, and the Mathers Foundation to RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jai Park
- Department of Internal Medicine (Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Min Sun Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine (Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Junghee J Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine (Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Hyoungsu Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine (Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24252, South Korea
| | - Byunghyun Kang
- Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jennefer Par-Young
- Department of Internal Medicine (Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Serhan Unlu
- Department of Internal Medicine (Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Yuliya Afinogenova
- Department of Internal Medicine (Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Jason Catanzaro
- Section of Pulmonary, Allergy, Immunology and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Juan Young
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Minhyung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine (Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, 41944, South Korea
| | - Sangchoon Jeon
- Yale University School of Nursing, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Sungyong You
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | | | - Richard Bucala
- Department of Internal Medicine (Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Insoo Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine (Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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12
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Ikuno Y, Takahashi T, Sugiura S, Hayami T, Yamaguchi A, Fujimoto N. A case of Schnitzler syndrome with unusual immunoglobulin A gammopathy exacerbated by COVID-19 infection. J Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38660958 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.17251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Schnitzler syndrome (SchS) is a rare autoinflammatory disease characterized by chronic urticarial rash and monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM) or IgG gammopathy. Viruses, including COVID-19, activate the innate immune system, therefore SchS, in which the innate immune system is improperly activated, is hypothesized to be exacerbated by viral infection. However, there were no reported SchS cases exacerbated by any viral infection. Here, we report a SchS case with an unusual IgA gammopathy manifested and exacerbated by COVID-19 infection. This report advocates the need for recognizing unusual cases of SchS with monoclonal IgA, and following up on paraprotein like IgA even when it is initially undetectable in cases with SchS symptoms. We also hypothesize that existing autoinflammatory diseases may be exacerbated by COVID-19 infection in the case of a combination of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Ikuno
- Department of Dermatology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shuji Sugiura
- Department of Dermatology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takuma Hayami
- Department of Dermatology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yamaguchi
- Department of Dermatology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Noriki Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
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13
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Bermejo-Jambrina M, van der Donk LE, van Hamme JL, Wilflingseder D, de Bree G, Prins M, de Jong M, Nieuwkerk P, van Gils MJ, Kootstra NA, Geijtenbeek TB. Control of complement-induced inflammatory responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection by anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. EMBO J 2024; 43:1135-1163. [PMID: 38418557 PMCID: PMC10987522 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated immune responses contribute to the excessive and uncontrolled inflammation observed in severe COVID-19. However, how immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is induced and regulated remains unclear. Here, we uncover the role of the complement system in the induction of innate and adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Complement rapidly opsonizes SARS-CoV-2 particles via the lectin pathway. Complement-opsonized SARS-CoV-2 efficiently induces type-I interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses via activation of dendritic cells, which are inhibited by antibodies against the complement receptors (CR) 3 and 4. Serum from COVID-19 patients, or monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, attenuate innate and adaptive immunity induced by complement-opsonized SARS-CoV-2. Blocking of CD32, the FcγRII antibody receptor of dendritic cells, restores complement-induced immunity. These results suggest that opsonization of SARS-CoV-2 by complement is involved in the induction of innate and adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in the acute phase of infection. Subsequent antibody responses limit inflammation and restore immune homeostasis. These findings suggest that dysregulation of the complement system and FcγRII signaling may contribute to severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bermejo-Jambrina
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Lieve Eh van der Donk
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John L van Hamme
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Doris Wilflingseder
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Godelieve de Bree
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Prins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, GGD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Menno de Jong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC location AMC University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pythia Nieuwkerk
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, GGD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Psychology (J3-2019-1), Amsterdam UMC location AMC University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marit J van Gils
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC location AMC University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje A Kootstra
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teunis Bh Geijtenbeek
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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14
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Guo ZL, Zhou J, Lin XJ, Yuan Q, Dong YL, Liu QB, Wang T. Regulation of the AGEs-induced inflammatory response in human periodontal ligament cells via the AMPK/NF-κB/ NLRP3 signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2024; 437:113999. [PMID: 38494067 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.113999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The heightened prevalence and accelerated progression of periodontitis in individuals with diabetes is primarily attributed to inflammatory responses in human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs). This study is aimed at delineating the regulatory mechanism of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs) in mediating inflammation incited by muramyl dipeptide (MDP) in HPDLCs, under the influence of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), metabolic by-products associated with diabetes. We performed RNA-seq in HPDLCs induced by AGEs treatment and delineated activation markers for the receptor of AGEs (RAGE). It showed that advanced glycation end products modulate inflammatory responses in HPDLCs by activating NLRP1 and NLRP3 inflammasomes, which are further regulated through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, AGEs synergize with NOD2, NLRP1, and NLRP3 inflammasomes to augment MDP-induced inflammation significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Ling Guo
- School of Dentistry, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China; Department of Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Dentistry, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xue-Jing Lin
- School of Dentistry, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- School of Dentistry, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yu-Lei Dong
- School of Dentistry, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Qi-Bing Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine Innovation and Transformation, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital, Haikou, 571199, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Dental Medical Center, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University (Hainan General Hospital),19 Xiuhua Road, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China.
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15
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Chiu HW, Wu CH, Lin WY, Wong WT, Tsai WC, Hsu HT, Ho CL, Cheng SM, Cheng CC, Yang SP, Li LH, Hua KF. The Angiotensin II Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitor LCZ696 Inhibits the NLRP3 Inflammasome By Reducing Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Macrophages and Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-induced Colitis in a Mouse Model. Inflammation 2024; 47:696-717. [PMID: 38319541 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01939-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The intracellular sensor protein complex known as the NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays a crucial role in regulating inflammatory diseases by overseeing the production of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Targeting its abnormal activation with drugs holds significant promise for inflammation treatment. This study highlights LCZ696, an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor, as an effective suppressor of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages stimulated by ATP, nigericin, and monosodium urate. LCZ696 also reduces caspase-11 and GSDMD activation, lactate dehydrogenase release, propidium iodide uptake, and the extracellular release of NLRP3 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) in ATP-activated macrophages, suggesting a potential mitigation of pyroptosis. Mechanistically, LCZ696 lowers mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and preserves mitochondrial integrity. Importantly, it does not significantly impact NLRP3, proIL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2 expression, or NF-κB activation in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages. LCZ696 partially inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome through the induction of autophagy. In an in vivo context, LCZ696 alleviates NLRP3-associated colitis in a mouse model by reducing colonic expression of IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. Collectively, these findings suggest that LCZ696 holds significant promise as a therapeutic agent for ameliorating NLRP3 inflammasome activation in various inflammatory diseases, extending beyond its established use in hypertension and heart failure treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Wen Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Wong
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Che Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Ta Hsu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Lung Ho
- Division of Wood Cellulose, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Meng Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chung Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lan-Hui Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linsen, Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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16
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Zhan S, Wang L, Wang W, Li R. Analysis of genes characterizing chronic thrombosis and associated pathways in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299912. [PMID: 38451963 PMCID: PMC10919650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), fibrosis of thrombi in the lumen of blood vessels and obstruction of blood vessels are important factors in the progression of the disease. Therefore, it is important to explore the key genes that lead to chronic thrombosis in order to understand the development of CTEPH, and at the same time, it is beneficial to provide new directions for early identification, disease prevention, clinical diagnosis and treatment, and development of novel therapeutic agents. METHODS The GSE130391 dataset was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) public database, which includes the full gene expression profiles of patients with CTEPH and Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (IPAH). Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) of CTEPH and IPAH were screened, and then Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analyses were performed on the DEGs; Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) to screen the key gene modules and take the intersection genes of DEGs and the key module genes in WGCNA; STRING database was used to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network; and cytoHubba analysis was performed to identify the hub genes. RESULTS A total of 924 DEGs were screened, and the MEturquoise module with the strongest correlation was selected to take the intersection with DEGs A total of 757 intersecting genes were screened. The top ten hub genes were analyzed by cytoHubba: IL-1B, CXCL8, CCL22, CCL5, CCL20, TNF, IL-12B, JUN, EP300, and CCL4. CONCLUSION IL-1B, CXCL8, CCL22, CCL5, CCL20, TNF, IL-12B, JUN, EP300, and CCL4 have diagnostic and therapeutic value in CTEPH disease, especially playing a role in chronic thrombosis. The discovery of NF-κB, AP-1 transcription factors, and TNF signaling pathway through pivotal genes may be involved in the disease progression process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liu Wang
- Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | | | - Ruoran Li
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
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17
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Xu Z, Wang H, Jiang S, Teng J, Zhou D, Chen Z, Wen C, Xu Z. Brain Pathology in COVID-19: Clinical Manifestations and Potential Mechanisms. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:383-400. [PMID: 37715924 PMCID: PMC10912108 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01110-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are less noticeable than the respiratory symptoms, but they may be associated with disability and mortality in COVID-19. Even though Omicron caused less severe disease than Delta, the incidence of neurological manifestations is similar. More than 30% of patients experienced "brain fog", delirium, stroke, and cognitive impairment, and over half of these patients presented abnormal neuroimaging outcomes. In this review, we summarize current advances in the clinical findings of neurological manifestations in COVID-19 patients and compare them with those in patients with influenza infection. We also illustrate the structure and cellular invasion mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 and describe the pathway for central SARS-CoV-2 invasion. In addition, we discuss direct damage and other pathological conditions caused by SARS-CoV-2, such as an aberrant interferon response, cytokine storm, lymphopenia, and hypercoagulation, to provide treatment ideas. This review may offer new insights into preventing or treating brain damage in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Xu
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Siya Jiang
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jiao Teng
- Affiliated Lin'an People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, First People's Hospital of Hangzhou Lin'an District, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Dongxu Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Chengping Wen
- Laboratory of Rheumatology and Institute of TCM Clinical Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Zhenghao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
- Laboratory of Rheumatology and Institute of TCM Clinical Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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18
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Huang W, Chen X, Yin M, Li J, Luo M, Ai Y, Xie L, Li W, Liu Y, Xie X, Chen Y, Zhang X, He J. Protection effects of mice liver and lung injury induced by coronavirus infection of Qingfei Paidu decoction involve inhibition of the NLRP3 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117512. [PMID: 38040130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a grave and pervasive global infectious malady brought about by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), posing a significant menace to human well-being. Qingfei Paidu decoction (QFPD) represents a pioneering formulation derived from four classical Chinese medicine prescriptions. Substantiated evidence attests to its efficacy in alleviating clinical manifestations, mitigating the incidence of severe and critical conditions, and reducing mortality rates among COVID-19 patients. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to investigate the protection effects of QFPD in mice afflicted with a coronavirus infection, with a particular focus on determining whether its mechanism involves the NLRP3 signaling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS The coronavirus mice model was established through intranasal infection of Kunming mice with Hepatic Mouse Virus A59 (MHV-A59). In the dose-effect experiment, normal saline, ribavirin (80 mg/kg), or QFPD (5, 10, 20 g/kg) were administered to the mice 2 h following MHV-A59 infection. In the time-effect experiment, normal saline or QFPD (20 g/kg) was administered to mice 2 h post MHV-A59 infection. Following the assessment of mouse body weights, food consumption, and water intake, intragastric administration was conducted once daily at consistent intervals over a span of 5 days. The impact of QFPD on pathological alterations in the livers and lungs of MHV-A59-infected mice was evaluated through H&E staining. The viral loads of MHV-A59 in both the liver and lung were determined using qPCR. The expression levels of genes and proteins related to the NLRP3 pathway in the liver and lung were assessed through qPCR, Western Blot analysis, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS The administration of QFPD was shown to ameliorate the reduced weight gain, decline in food consumption, and diminished water intake, all of which were repercussions of MHV-A59 infection in mice. QFPD treatment exhibited notable efficacy in safeguarding tissue integrity. The extent of hepatic and pulmonary injury, when coupled with QFPD treatment, demonstrated not only a reduction with higher treatment dosages but also a decline with prolonged treatment duration. In the dose-effect experiment, there was a notable, dose-dependent reduction in the viral loads, as well as the expression levels of IL-1β, NLRP3, ASC, Caspase 1, Caspase-1 p20, GSDMD, GSDMD-N, and NF-κB within the liver of the QFPD-treated groups. Additionally, in the time-effects experiments, the viral loads and the expression levels of genes and proteins linked to the NLRP3 pathway were consistently lower in the QFPD-treated groups compared with the model control groups, particularly during the periods when their expressions reached their zenith in the model group. Notably, IL-18 showed only a modest elevation relative to the blank control group following QFPD treatment. CONCLUSIONS To sum up, our current study demonstrated that QFPD treatment has the capacity to alleviate infection-related symptoms, mitigate tissue damage in infected organs, and suppress viral replication in coronavirus-infected mice. The protective attributes of QFPD in coronavirus-infected mice are plausibly associated with its modulation of the NLRP3 signaling pathway. We further infer that QFPD holds substantial promise in the context of coronavirus infection therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguan Huang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuyun Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingyu Yin
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junlin Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Minyi Luo
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Ai
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Xie
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanxi Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yatian Liu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinyuan Xie
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Animal Experiment Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Rehabilitation. Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyang He
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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19
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Shakirova V, Markelova M, Davidyuk Y, Stott-Marshall RJ, Foster TL, Khaiboullina S, Rizvanov A, Martynova E. Rosuvastatin as a Supplemental Treatment for the Clinical Symptoms of Nephropathia Epidemica: A Pilot Clinical Study. Viruses 2024; 16:306. [PMID: 38400081 PMCID: PMC10892398 DOI: 10.3390/v16020306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nephropathis epidemica (NE), a mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), is an acute zoonotic disease endemic in the Republic of Tatarstan. This study aimed to assess the impact of rosuvastatin on the clinical and laboratory results of NE. A total of 61 NE patients and 30 controls were included in this study; 22 NE patients and 7 controls received a daily dose of rosuvastatin (10 mg) for ten consecutive days. Serum samples were collected on days 1, 5, and 10 after admission to the hospital. These samples were analyzed to determine the levels of lipids, cytokines, and kidney toxicity markers. Our findings indicate that rosuvastatin reduced the duration of the second wave of fever and alleviated back pain and headache symptoms. Additionally, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) serum levels were significantly decreased on days 5 and 10 upon rosuvastatin treatment. Furthermore, rosuvastatin decreased the levels of cytokines in the serum, particularly proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-8. NE patients had significantly altered levels of the kidney toxicity markers albumin and osteopontin. The data from our study provide evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of rosuvastatin in NE cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venera Shakirova
- Department of Infection Diseases, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan 420012, Russia;
| | - Maria Markelova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia; (M.M.); (Y.D.); (S.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Yuriy Davidyuk
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia; (M.M.); (Y.D.); (S.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Robert J. Stott-Marshall
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; (R.J.S.-M.); (T.L.F.)
| | - Toshana L. Foster
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; (R.J.S.-M.); (T.L.F.)
| | - Svetlana Khaiboullina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia; (M.M.); (Y.D.); (S.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia; (M.M.); (Y.D.); (S.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Ekaterina Martynova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia; (M.M.); (Y.D.); (S.K.); (A.R.)
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20
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Ruscitti P, Cantarini L, Nigrovic PA, McGonagle D, Giacomelli R. Recent advances and evolving concepts in Still's disease. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2024; 20:116-132. [PMID: 38212542 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-01065-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Still's disease is a rare inflammatory syndrome that encompasses systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and adult-onset Still's disease, both of which can exhibit life-threatening complications, including macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), a secondary form of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Genetic insights into Still's disease involve both HLA and non-HLA susceptibility genes, suggesting the involvement of adaptive immune cell-mediated immunity. At the same time, phenotypic evidence indicates the involvement of autoinflammatory processes. Evidence also implicates the type I interferon signature, mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 signalling and ferritin in the pathogenesis of Still's disease and MAS. Pathological entities associated with Still's disease include lung disease that could be associated with biologic DMARDs and with the occurrence of MAS. Historically, monophasic, recurrent and persistent Still's disease courses were recognized. Newer proposals of alternative Still's disease clusters could enable better dissection of clinical heterogeneity on the basis of immune cell profiles that could represent diverse endotypes or phases of disease activity. Therapeutically, data on IL-1 and IL-6 antagonism and Janus kinase inhibition suggest the importance of early administration in Still's disease. Furthermore, there is evidence that patients who develop MAS can be treated with IFNγ antagonism. Despite these developments, unmet needs remain that can form the basis for the design of future studies leading to improvement of disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Ruscitti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Luca Cantarini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Peter A Nigrovic
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
| | - Roberto Giacomelli
- Clinical and research section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Fondazione Policlinico Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Rome "Campus Biomedico", School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
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21
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M Bader S, Cooney JP, Bhandari R, Mackiewicz L, Dayton M, Sheerin D, Georgy SR, Murphy JM, Davidson KC, Allison CC, Pellegrini M, Doerflinger M. Necroptosis does not drive disease pathogenesis in a mouse infective model of SARS-CoV-2 in vivo. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:100. [PMID: 38286985 PMCID: PMC10825138 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06471-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Necroptosis, a type of lytic cell death executed by the pseudokinase Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like (MLKL) has been implicated in the detrimental inflammation caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. We minimally and extensively passaged a single clinical SARS-CoV-2 isolate to create models of mild and severe disease in mice allowing us to dissect the role of necroptosis in SARS-CoV-2 disease pathogenesis. We infected wild-type and MLKL-deficient mice and found no significant differences in viral loads or lung pathology. In our model of severe COVID-19, MLKL-deficiency did not alter the host response, ameliorate weight loss, diminish systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, or prevent lethality in aged animals. Our in vivo models indicate that necroptosis is dispensable in the pathogenesis of mild and severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie M Bader
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - James P Cooney
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Reet Bhandari
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Liana Mackiewicz
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Merle Dayton
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Dylan Sheerin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Smitha Rose Georgy
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, 3030, Australia
| | - James M Murphy
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Kathryn C Davidson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Cody C Allison
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Marc Pellegrini
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Marcel Doerflinger
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia.
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22
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Liu J, Zhou J, Luan Y, Li X, Meng X, Liao W, Tang J, Wang Z. cGAS-STING, inflammasomes and pyroptosis: an overview of crosstalk mechanism of activation and regulation. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:22. [PMID: 38195584 PMCID: PMC10775518 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01466-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracellular DNA-sensing pathway cGAS-STING, inflammasomes and pyroptosis act as critical natural immune signaling axes for microbial infection, chronic inflammation, cancer progression and organ degeneration, but the mechanism and regulation of the crosstalk network remain unclear. Cellular stress disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis, facilitates the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore and the leakage of mitochondrial DNA to cell membrane, triggers inflammatory responses by activating cGAS-STING signaling, and subsequently induces inflammasomes activation and the onset of pyroptosis. Meanwhile, the inflammasome-associated protein caspase-1, Gasdermin D, the CARD domain of ASC and the potassium channel are involved in regulating cGAS-STING pathway. Importantly, this crosstalk network has a cascade amplification effect that exacerbates the immuno-inflammatory response, worsening the pathological process of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Given the importance of this crosstalk network of cGAS-STING, inflammasomes and pyroptosis in the regulation of innate immunity, it is emerging as a new avenue to explore the mechanisms of multiple disease pathogenesis. Therefore, efforts to define strategies to selectively modulate cGAS-STING, inflammasomes and pyroptosis in different disease settings have been or are ongoing. In this review, we will describe how this mechanistic understanding is driving possible therapeutics targeting this crosstalk network, focusing on the interacting or regulatory proteins, pathways, and a regulatory mitochondrial hub between cGAS-STING, inflammasomes, and pyroptosis. SHORT CONCLUSION This review aims to provide insight into the critical roles and regulatory mechanisms of the crosstalk network of cGAS-STING, inflammasomes and pyroptosis, and to highlight some promising directions for future research and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- The Second Hospital of Ningbo, Ningbo, 315099, China
| | - Yuling Luan
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Xiangrui Meng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Wenhao Liao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
| | - Zheilei Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
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23
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Rajotiya S, Mishra S, Singh AK, Singh P, Bareth H, Singh M, Raj P, Nathiya D, Tomar BS. Post-COVID-19 cardio-pulmonary manifestations after 1-year of SARS-CoV-2 infection among Indian population: A single centre, case-control study (OneCoV2 study). J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:145-151. [PMID: 38006678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evolving challenge of persistent symptoms post-Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), particularly debilitating cardio-pulmonary manifestations, necessitates further exploration. Our study aimed to assess the cardio-pulmonary complications in patients a year after hospital discharge from severe COVID-19, contrasting these with findings from a non-COVID group. METHODS The OneCoV2 study, a prospective, case-control study, was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital in northern India. We enrolled 43 subjects, with a mean age of 25.57 ± 7.94 years (COVID group) and 27.30 ± 8.17 years (non-COVID group). Comprehensive tests included pulmonary function tests, cardiac function tests, 6-min walk tests, and laboratory investigations. RESULTS Significant differences were found in the pulmonary function [forced vital capacity (FVC) (p = 0.037), forced expiratory flow (FEF) 25-75 % (p = 0.013)], and cardiac function [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (p = 0.032), heart rate (HR) (p = 0.047)], along with the six-minute walk test results between the two groups. In the COVID group, Pearson's correlation showed a negative correlation between FVC and C-reactive protein (CRP) [r = -0.488, p = 0.007] and a positive correlation between the six-minute walk test [r = 0.431, p = 0.003] and HR [r = 0.503, p = 0.013]. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that pulmonary abnormalities are prevalent in COVID patients even after 1-year of hospital discharge. Cardiac biomarkers also show an inclination towards the COVID group. While we found significant correlations involving some parameters like FVC, CRP, HR, and results from the six-minute walk test, we did not find any significant correlations with the other tested parameters in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Rajotiya
- Department of Pharmacy practice, Nims University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shivang Mishra
- Department of Pharmacy practice, Nims University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anurag Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacy practice, Nims University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pratima Singh
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Hemant Bareth
- Department of Pharmacy practice, Nims University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mahaveer Singh
- Department of Endocrinology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Hospital, Nims University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Preeti Raj
- Department of Pharmacy practice, Nims University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Deepak Nathiya
- Department of Pharmacy practice, Nims University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India; Department of Clinical Studies, Fourth Hospital of Yulin (Xingyuan), Yulin, Shaanxi, China; Department of Clinical Sciences, Shenmu Hospital, Shenmu, Shaanxi, China
| | - Balvir S Tomar
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Transplant, Nims University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India; Department of Clinical Studies, Fourth Hospital of Yulin (Xingyuan), Yulin, Shaanxi, China; Department of Clinical Sciences, Shenmu Hospital, Shenmu, Shaanxi, China
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24
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Fares K, El-Deeb MK, Elsammak O, Ouf A, Saeed HMS, Baess A, Elsammak M, El-Attar E. SNP (A > G - rs13057211) but not GT(n) polymorphism in HMOX-1 promotor gene is associated with COVID-19 mortality. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:514. [PMID: 38129860 PMCID: PMC10734135 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02785-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 causes severe inflammatory respiratory distress syndrome. The global pandemic caused millions of cases of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Patients may present with variable symptoms including dyspnea, fever, and GIT manifestations. The HMOX-1 gene is located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 22 at position 12.3. HMOX-1 is expressed in all mammalian tissues at basal levels and is considered as a stress response enzyme. HMOX-1 has a specific polymorphic site with variable GT(n) repeats at the promotor region. Several authors evaluated the HMOX-1 GT(n) promoter polymorphism in different inflammatory conditions. We evaluated HMOX-1 promoter polymorphism in relation to serum Hemoxygenase level and inflammatory makers (CRP, Ferritin, PCT, IL-6 and D-dimer) in patients affected by SARS-COV-2 disease. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Ninety patients confirmed to be infected with COVID-19 were followed up till the study end point (recovery and discharge or death). HMOX-1 promotor GT(n) polymorphism was evaluated using Sanger sequencing. HMOX-1 enzyme serum level was measured by ELISA and the level of different inflammatory markers was assessed by available commercial kits. RESULTS A novel Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (A > G) - rs13057211 in the GT(n) region of HMOX-1 promoter gene was found in 40 (61.5%) COVID-19 patients out of the studied 65 patients. This (A > G) SNP was associated with higher mortality rate in COVID-19 as it was detected in 27 patients (75% of the patients who succumbed to the disease) (p = 0.021, Odds ratio = 3.7; 95% CI:1.29-10.56). Serum IL-6 (Interleuken-6) was positively correlated the length of Hospital Stay (LOHS) and procalcitonin (PCT); (p = 0.014, r: 0.651 and p < 0.001, r:0.997) respectively while negatively correlated with levels of HMOX-1 enzyme serum level (p = 0.013, r: -0.61). CRP correlated positively with LOHS (p = 0.021, r = 0.4), PCT (p = 0.044, r = 0.425) and age (p < 0.001, r = 0.685). Higher levels of D-Dimer and PCT were observed in patients with the long repeat. There was no significant difference between patients who recovered and those who died from COVID-19 as regards HMOX-1 level and GT(n) polymorphism. CONCLUSION We report a novel SNP (A > G, rs13057211) in the GT(n) region of HMOX-1 promoter gene that was associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients, however no significant difference was found in HMOX-1 serum level or HMOX-1 (GT)n repeats within the studied groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerolos Fares
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mona K El-Deeb
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Elsammak
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amged Ouf
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Graduate Program, School of Sciences and Engineering (SSE), The American University in Cairo (AUC), New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham Mahmoud Sayd Saeed
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ayman Baess
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elsammak
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Eman El-Attar
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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25
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Ferreira GM, Clarindo FA, Ribeiro ÁL, Gomes-de-Pontes L, de Carvalho LD, Martins-Filho OA, da Fonseca FG, Teixeira MM, Sabino ADP, Eapen MS, Morris DL, Valle SJ, Coelho-dos-Reis JGA. Taming the SARS-CoV-2-mediated proinflammatory response with BromAc ®. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1308477. [PMID: 38193087 PMCID: PMC10773902 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1308477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the present study, the impact of BromAc®, a specific combination of bromelain and acetylcysteine, on the SARS-CoV-2-specific inflammatory response was evaluated. Methods An in vitro stimulation system was standardized using blood samples from 9 healthy donors, luminex assays and flow cytometry were performed. Results and discussion BromAc® demonstrated robust anti-inflammatory activity in human peripheral blood cells upon SARS-CoV-2 viral stimuli, reducing the cytokine storm, composed of chemokines, growth factors, and proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines produced after short-term in vitro culture with the inactivated virus (iSARS-CoV-2). A combined reduction in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induced by SARS-CoV-2, in addition to steady-state levels of platelet recruitment-associated growth factor-PDGFbb, was observed, indicating that BromAc® may be important to reduce thromboembolism in COVID-19. The immunophenotypic analysis of the impact of BromAc® on leukocytes upon viral stimuli showed that BromAc® was able to downmodulate the populations of CD16+ neutrophils and CD14+ monocytes observed after stimulation with iSARS-CoV-2. Conversely, BromAc® treatment increased steady-state HLA-DR expression in CD14+ monocytes and preserved this activation marker in this subset upon iSARS-CoV-2 stimuli, indicating improved monocyte activation upon BromAc® treatment. Additionally, BromAc® downmodulated the iSARS-CoV-2-induced production of TNF-a by the CD19+ B-cells. System biology approaches, utilizing comprehensive correlation matrices and networks, showed distinct patterns of connectivity in groups treated with BromAc®, suggesting loss of connections promoted by the compound and by iSARS-CoV-2 stimuli. Negative correlations amongst proinflammatory axis and other soluble and cellular factors were observed in the iSARS-CoV-2 group treated with BromAc® as compared to the untreated group, demonstrating that BromAc® disengages proinflammatory responses and their interactions with other soluble factors and the axis orchestrated by SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion These results give new insights into the mechanisms for the robust anti-inflammatory effect of BromAc® in the steady state and SARS-CoV-2-specific immune leukocyte responses, indicating its potential as a therapeutic strategy for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geovane Marques Ferreira
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada (LVBA), Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Felipe Alves Clarindo
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada (LVBA), Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ágata Lopes Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada (LVBA), Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Letícia Gomes-de-Pontes
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada (LVBA), Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luciana Debortoli de Carvalho
- Departamento de Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Rene Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Flávio Guimarães da Fonseca
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada (LVBA), Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Centro de Tecnologia em Vacinas (CT-Vacinas), Parque Tecnológico de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- CT Terapias Avançadas e Inovadoras (CT-Terapias), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Adriano de Paula Sabino
- Laboratório de Hematologia Clínica, Experimental e Molecular, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mathew Suji Eapen
- Research & Development Department, Mucpharm Pty Ltd, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David L. Morris
- Research & Development Department, Mucpharm Pty Ltd, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St George and Sutherland Hospital Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Surgery, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah J. Valle
- Research & Development Department, Mucpharm Pty Ltd, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St George and Sutherland Hospital Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Intensive Care Unit, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jordana Grazziela Alves Coelho-dos-Reis
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada (LVBA), Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- CT Terapias Avançadas e Inovadoras (CT-Terapias), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Wolszczak-Biedrzycka B, Dorf J, Wojewódzka-Żelezniakowicz M, Żendzian-Piotrowska M, Dymicka-Piekarska VJ, Matowicka-Karna J, Maciejczyk M. Unveiling COVID-19 Secrets: Harnessing Cytokines as Powerful Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Predicting Severity. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:6055-6070. [PMID: 38107380 PMCID: PMC10723593 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s439217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In coronavirus disease (COVID-19), inflammation takes center stage, with a cascade of cytokines released, contributing to both inflammation and lung damage. The objective of this study is to identify biomarkers for diagnosing and predicting the severity of COVID-19. Materials and Methods Cytokine levels were determined in the serum from venous blood samples collected from 100 patients with COVID-19 and 50 healthy controls. COVID-19 patients classified based on the Modified Early Warning (MEWS) score. Cytokine concentrations were determined with a multiplex ELISA kit (Bio-Plex Pro™ Human Cytokine Screening Panel). Results The concentrations of all analyzed cytokines were elevated in the serum of COVID-19 patients relative to the control group, but no significant differences were observed in interleukin-9 (IL-9) and IL-12 p70 levels. In addition, the concentrations of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-2Rα, IL-6, IL-12 p40, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) were significantly higher in symptomatic patients with accompanying pneumonia without respiratory failure (stage 2) than in asymptomatic/mildly symptomatic patients (stage 1). Conclusion The study revealed that IL-1ra, IL-2Rα, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 p40, IL-16, and IL-18 levels serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers in COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, elevated IL-1α levels proved to be valuable in assessing the severity of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Wolszczak-Biedrzycka
- Department of Psychology and Sociology of Health and Public Health, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, 10-900, Poland
| | - Justyna Dorf
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, 15-089, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Joanna Matowicka-Karna
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, 15-089, Poland
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, 15-089, Poland
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Gu J, Liu Q, Zhang J, Xu S. COVID-19 and trained immunity: the inflammatory burden of long covid. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1294959. [PMID: 38090572 PMCID: PMC10713746 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1294959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 elicits excessive inflammation mediated by innate immune cells like monocytes. Recent evidence reveals extensive epigenetic changes in monocytes during recovery from severe COVID-19, including increased chromatin accessibility at genes related to cytokine production and leukocyte activation. These changes likely originate from the reprogramming of upstream hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and represent "trained immunity". HSPC-to-monocyte transmission of epigenetic memory may explain the persistence of these monocyte alterations despite their short lifespan. IL-6 appears pivotal for imprinting durable epigenetic modifications in monocytes during acute infection, with IL-1β potentially playing a contributory role. The poised inflammatory phenotype of monocytes post-COVID-19 may drive chronic inflammation and tissue damage, contributing to post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 symptoms. COVID-19 could also exacerbate inflammation-related diseases, such multisystem inflammatory syndromes, by altering innate immune tendencies via hematopoietic epigenetic reprogramming. Further clinical investigations quantifying inflammatory mediators and mapping epigenetic changes in HSPCs/monocytes of recovering patients are warranted. Research should also examine whether COVID-19 elicits transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic alterations. Elucidating mechanisms underlying COVID-19-induced monocyte reprogramming and developing interventions targeting key inflammatory regulators like IL-6 may mitigate the sustained inflammatory burden imposed by the aberrant trained immunity post-COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jienan Gu
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qianhui Liu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiale Zhang
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shijie Xu
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Kim DK, Huh JW, Yu H, Lee Y, Jin Y, Ha UH. Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Derived DnaJ Induces the Expression of IL-1β by Engaging the Interplay of p38 and ERK Signaling Pathways in Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15957. [PMID: 37958940 PMCID: PMC10648868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As members of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, bacterial heat shock proteins (HSPs) are widely recognized for their role in initiating innate immune responses. This study aimed to examine the impact of DnaJ, a homolog of HSP40 derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), on the regulation of IL-1β expression in macrophages. We demonstrated that DnaJ modulates macrophages to secrete IL-1β by activating NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Specifically, ERK was identified as a positive mediator for IL-1β expression, while p38 acted as a negative mediator. These results suggest that the reciprocal actions of these two crucial MAPKs play a vital role in controlling IL-1β expression. Additionally, the reciprocal actions of MAPKs were found to regulate the activation of inflammasome-related molecules, including vimentin, NLRP3, caspase-1, and GSDMD. Furthermore, our investigation explored the involvement of CD91/CD40 in ERK signaling-mediated IL-1β production from DnaJ-treated macrophages. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding the signaling mechanisms underlying IL-1β induction and suggest the potential utility of DnaJ as an adjuvant for stimulating inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Kyum Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (D.-K.K.); (J.-W.H.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for Artificial Intelligence Smart Convergence Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Won Huh
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (D.-K.K.); (J.-W.H.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hyeonseung Yu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (D.-K.K.); (J.-W.H.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yeji Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (D.-K.K.); (J.-W.H.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yongxin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
| | - Un-Hwan Ha
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (D.-K.K.); (J.-W.H.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for Artificial Intelligence Smart Convergence Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
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29
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Dai Y, Zhou J, Shi C. Inflammasome: structure, biological functions, and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e391. [PMID: 37817895 PMCID: PMC10560975 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are a group of protein complex located in cytoplasm and assemble in response to a wide variety of pathogen-associated molecule patterns, damage-associated molecule patterns, and cellular stress. Generally, the activation of inflammasomes will lead to maturation of proinflammatory cytokines and pyroptotic cell death, both associated with inflammatory cascade amplification. A sensor protein, an adaptor, and a procaspase protein interact through their functional domains and compose one subunit of inflammasome complex. Under physiological conditions, inflammasome functions against pathogen infection and endogenous dangers including mtROS, mtDNA, and so on, while dysregulation of its activation can lead to unwanted results. In recent years, advances have been made to clarify the mechanisms of inflammasome activation, the structural details of them and their functions (negative/positive) in multiple disease models in both animal models and human. The wide range of the stimuli makes the function of inflammasome diverse and complex. Here, we review the structure, biological functions, and therapeutic targets of inflammasomes, while highlight NLRP3, NLRC4, and AIM2 inflammasomes, which are the most well studied. In conclusion, this review focuses on the activation process, biological functions, and structure of the most well-studied inflammasomes, summarizing and predicting approaches for disease treatment and prevention with inflammasome as a target. We aim to provide fresh insight into new solutions to the challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Dai
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical PoisoningArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jing Zhou
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical PoisoningArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Institute of ImmunologyArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical PoisoningArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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Potere N, Garrad E, Kanthi Y, Di Nisio M, Kaplanski G, Bonaventura A, Connors JM, De Caterina R, Abbate A. NLRP3 inflammasome and interleukin-1 contributions to COVID-19-associated coagulopathy and immunothrombosis. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2046-2060. [PMID: 37253117 PMCID: PMC10893977 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunothrombosis-immune-mediated activation of coagulation-is protective against pathogens, but excessive immunothrombosis can result in pathological thrombosis and multiorgan damage, as in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The NACHT-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome produces major proinflammatory cytokines of the interleukin (IL)-1 family, IL-1β and IL-18, and induces pyroptotic cell death. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway also promotes immunothrombotic programs including release of neutrophil extracellular traps and tissue factor by leukocytes, and prothrombotic responses by platelets and the vascular endothelium. NLRP3 inflammasome activation occurs in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. In preclinical models, NLRP3 inflammasome pathway blockade restrains COVID-19-like hyperinflammation and pathology. Anakinra, recombinant human IL-1 receptor antagonist, showed safety and efficacy and is approved for the treatment of hypoxaemic COVID-19 patients with early signs of hyperinflammation. The non-selective NLRP3 inhibitor colchicine reduced hospitalization and death in a subgroup of COVID-19 outpatients but is not approved for the treatment of COVID-19. Additional COVID-19 trials testing NLRP3 inflammasome pathway blockers are inconclusive or ongoing. We herein outline the contribution of immunothrombosis to COVID-19-associated coagulopathy, and review preclinical and clinical evidence suggesting an engagement of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in the immunothrombotic pathogenesis of COVID-19. We also summarize current efforts to target the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in COVID-19, and discuss challenges, unmet gaps, and the therapeutic potential that inflammasome-targeted strategies may provide for inflammation-driven thrombotic disorders including COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Potere
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Evan Garrad
- Laboratory of Vascular Thrombosis and Inflammation, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Yogendra Kanthi
- Laboratory of Vascular Thrombosis and Inflammation, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marcello Di Nisio
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Gilles Kaplanski
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRAE, Marseille, France
- Division of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Conception, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Aldo Bonaventura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medicina Generale 1, Medical Center, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Jean Marie Connors
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- University Cardiology Division, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
- Chair and Postgraduate School of Cardiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione Villa Serena per la Ricerca, Città Sant’Angelo, Pescara, Italy
| | - Antonio Abbate
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Rd (MR5), PO Box 801394, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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Potere N, Abbate A, Kanthi Y, Carrier M, Toldo S, Porreca E, Di Nisio M. Inflammasome Signaling, Thromboinflammation, and Venous Thromboembolism. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2023; 8:1245-1261. [PMID: 37791298 PMCID: PMC10544095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains a major health burden despite anticoagulation advances, suggesting incomplete management of pathogenic mechanisms. The NLRP3 (NACHT-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome, interleukin (IL)-1, and pyroptosis are emerging contributors to the inflammatory pathogenesis of VTE. Inflammasome pathway activation occurs in patients with VTE. In preclinical models, inflammasome signaling blockade reduces venous thrombogenesis and vascular injury, suggesting that this therapeutic approach may potentially maximize anticoagulation benefits, protecting from VTE occurrence, recurrence, and ensuing post-thrombotic syndrome. The nonselective NLRP3 inhibitor colchicine and the anti-IL-1β agent canakinumab reduce atherothrombosis without increasing bleeding. Rosuvastatin reduces primary venous thrombotic events at least in part through lipid-lowering independent mechanisms, paving the way to targeted anti-inflammatory strategies in VTE. This review outlines recent preclinical and clinical evidence supporting a role for inflammasome pathway activation in venous thrombosis, and discusses the, yet unexplored, therapeutic potential of modulating inflammasome signaling to prevent and manage VTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Potere
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, “G. d'Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonio Abbate
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Yogendra Kanthi
- Vascular Thrombosis & Inflammation Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marc Carrier
- Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefano Toldo
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Ettore Porreca
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d'Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marcello Di Nisio
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, “G. d'Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
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32
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Viana GDA, da Costa MDR, da Silva ME, Duque BR, de Siqueira EA, Martins AMC, Alves RDS, de Menezes RRPPB, de Queiroz MGR, Sampaio TL. Serum il-18 and rs187238 single nucleotide polymorphism are associated with high-density lipoprotein changes in covid-19 outpatients. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110645. [PMID: 37453156 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM COVID-19 is an inflammatory disease and its prognosis is associated with cardiovascular risk, which can be associated with changes in lipoprotein metabolism. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs187238 of Interleukin (IL)-18 is extensively reported in association with worsening inflammatory and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study evaluated the association of IL-18 levels and its SNP rs187238 with lipoprotein profile changes in COVID-19 outpatients. METHODS Observational, analytical, cross-sectional study that evaluated 250 patients with respiratory syndrome, 36% (n = 90) with COVID-19. Serum total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), triglycerides (TG), apolipoproteins A-I and B (Apo A-I and Apo B) and IL-18 levels were determined. Polymorphism genotyping was done by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The significance level was p < 0.05. RESULTS Patients with COVID-19 showed a reduction in TC and HDL-c, without difference in IL-18. HDL-c and LDL-c had a high frequency outside the reference values. There was a negative correlation of IL-18 with HDL-c and a positive correlation with Apo B/Apo A-I ratio. The frequencies of the C (wild) and G (polymorphic) alleles between patients with and without COVID-19 followed the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. However, COVID-19 was associated with reduced HDL-c and Apo A-I values in patients with the CC genotype. CONCLUSION IL-18 levels and its SNP rs187238 were associated with decreased HDL-c and Apo A-I in COVID-19 outpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glautemberg de Almeida Viana
- Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences; Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing; Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Mateus Edson da Silva
- Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences; Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing; Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
| | - Bruna Ribeiro Duque
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis; Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing; Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
| | - Erlânia Alves de Siqueira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis; Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing; Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
| | - Alice Maria Costa Martins
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis; Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing; Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
| | - Renata de Sousa Alves
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis; Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing; Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tiago Lima Sampaio
- Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences; Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing; Federal University of Ceará, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis; Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing; Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
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Nakazawa D, Takeda Y, Kanda M, Tomaru U, Ogawa H, Kudo T, Shiratori-Aso S, Watanabe-Kusunoki K, Ueda Y, Miyoshi A, Hattanda F, Nishio S, Uozumi R, Ishizu A, Atsumi T. Inhibition of Toll-like receptor 4 and Interleukin-1 receptor prevent SARS-CoV-2 mediated kidney injury. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:293. [PMID: 37563112 PMCID: PMC10415265 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01584-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and severe complication of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) directly affects the glomerular and tubular epithelial cells to induce AKI; however, its pathophysiology remains unclear. Here, we explored the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic targets of renal involvement in COVID-19. We developed an in vitro human kidney cellular model, including immortalized tubular epithelial and endothelial cell lines, demonstrating that SARS-CoV-2 directly triggers cell death. To identify the molecular targets in the process of SARS-CoV-2-mediated cell injury, we performed transcriptional analysis using RNA sequencing. Tubular epithelial cells were more prone to dying by SARS-CoV-2 than endothelial cells; however, SARS-CoV-2 did not replicate in renal cells, distinct from VeroE6/transmembrane protease serine 2 cells. Transcriptomic analysis revealed increased inflammatory and immune-related gene expression levels in renal cells incubated with SARS-CoV-2. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 in renal cells recognized viral RNA and underwent cell death. Furthermore, analysis of upstream regulators identified several key transcriptional regulators. Among them, inhibition of the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) and TLR4 pathways protects tubular epithelial and endothelial cells from injury via regulation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription protein-3/nuclear factor-kB pathway. Our results reveal that SARS-CoV-2 directly injures renal cells via the proinflammatory response without viral replication, and that IL-1R and TLR4 may be used as therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2 mediated kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Nakazawa
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Yohei Takeda
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kanda
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Utano Tomaru
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Haruko Ogawa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Takashi Kudo
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoka Shiratori-Aso
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kanako Watanabe-Kusunoki
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusho Ueda
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Miyoshi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hattanda
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Saori Nishio
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryo Uozumi
- Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ishizu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Atsumi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Kow CS, Ramachandram DS, Hasan SS. How to make the best of NLRP3 inhibitors in patients with COVID-19? Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 79:1143-1144. [PMID: 37294339 PMCID: PMC10250839 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-023-03518-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia Siang Kow
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | | | - Syed Shahzad Hasan
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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Fani M, Moossavi M, Bakhshi H, Jahrodi AN, Khazdair MR, Zardast AH, Ghafari S. Targeting host calcium channels and viroporins: a promising strategy for SARS-CoV-2 therapy. Future Virol 2023:10.2217/fvl-2022-0203. [PMID: 37700758 PMCID: PMC10494978 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2022-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite passing the pandemic phase of the COVID-19, researchers are still investigating various drugs. Previous evidence suggests that blocking the calcium channels may be a suitable treatment option. Ca2+ is required to enhance the fusion process of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Also, some important inflammatory factors during SARS-CoV-2 infection are dependent on Ca2+ level. On the other hand, viroporins have emerged as attractive targets for antiviral therapy due to their essential role in viral replication and pathogenesis. By inhibiting the host calcium channels and viroporins, it is possible to limit the spread of infection. Therefore, calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and drugs targeting Viroporins can be considered an effective option in the fight against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Fani
- Vector-borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Maryam Moossavi
- Department of Immunology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Hasan Bakhshi
- Vector-borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Khazdair
- Pharmaceutical Science & Clinical Physiology, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Shokouh Ghafari
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, 8815713471, Iran
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, 8815713471, Iran
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Yin M, Marrone L, Peace CG, O’Neill LAJ. NLRP3, the inflammasome and COVID-19 infection. QJM 2023; 116:502-507. [PMID: 36661317 PMCID: PMC10382191 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by respiratory failure, shock or multiorgan dysfunction, often accompanied by systemic hyperinflammation and dysregulated cytokine release. These features are linked to the intense and rapid stimulation of the innate immune response. The NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a central player in inflammatory macrophage activation which via caspase-1 activation leads to the release of the mature forms of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, and via cleavage of Gasdermin D pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of cell death. Here, we discuss the role of NLRP3 activation in COVID-19 and clinical trials currently underway to target NLRP3 to treat severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Yin
- From the School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura Marrone
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples 80145, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Christian G Peace
- From the School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luke A J O’Neill
- From the School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Dinda B, Dinda M, Dinda S, De UC. An overview of anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-inflammatory potential of baicalein and its metabolite baicalin: Insights into molecular mechanisms. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115629. [PMID: 37437351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The current Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is highly contagious infection that breaks the healthcare systems of several countries worldwide. Till to date, no effective antiviral drugs against COVID-19 infection have reached the market, and some repurposed drugs and vaccines are prescribed for the treatment and prevention of this disease. The currently prescribed COVID-19 vaccines are less effective against the newly emergent variants of concern of SARS-CoV-2 due to several mutations in viral spike protein and obviously there is an urgency to develop new antiviral drugs against this disease. In this review article, we systematically discussed the anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-inflammatory efficacy of two flavonoids, baicalein and its 7-O-glucuronide, baicalin, isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis, Oroxylum indicum, and other plants as well as their pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability, for development of safe and effective drugs for COVID-19 treatment. Both baicalein and baicalin target the activities of viral S-, 3CL-, PL-, RdRp- and nsp13-proteins, and host mitochondrial OXPHOS for suppression of viral infection. Moreover, these compounds prevent sepsis-related inflammation and organ injury by modulation of host innate immune responses. Several nanoformulated and inclusion complexes of baicalein and baicalin have been reported to increase oral bioavailability, but their safety and efficacy in SARS-CoV-2-infected transgenic animals are not yet evaluated. Future studies on these compounds are required for use in clinical trials of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswanath Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Agartala, Tripura, India.
| | - Manikarna Dinda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Subhajit Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, Government Degree College, Kamalpur, Dhalai, Tripura, India
| | - Utpal Chandra De
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Agartala, Tripura, India
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Deng CH, Li TQ, Zhang W, Zhao Q, Wang Y. Targeting Inflammasome Activation in Viral Infection: A Therapeutic Solution? Viruses 2023; 15:1451. [PMID: 37515138 PMCID: PMC10384481 DOI: 10.3390/v15071451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasome activation is exclusively involved in sensing activation of innate immunity and inflammatory response during viral infection. Accumulating evidence suggests that the manipulation of inflammasome assembly or its interaction with viral proteins are critical factors in viral pathogenesis. Results from pilot clinical trials show encouraging results of NLRP3 inflammasome suppression in reducing mortality and morbidity in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. In this article, we summarize the up-to-date understanding of inflammasomes, including NLRP3, AIM2, NLRP1, NLRP6, and NLRC4 in various viral infections, with particular focus on RNA viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, HIV, IAV, and Zika virus and DNA viruses such as herpes simplex virus 1. We also discuss the current achievement of the mechanisms involved in viral infection-induced inflammatory response, host defense, and possible therapeutic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Han Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao 999078, China
| | - Tian-Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao 999078, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Av. Wai Long, Taipa, Macao 999078, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Cancer Centre, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao 999078, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao 999078, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao 999078, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao 999078, China
- Minister of Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Sweet DR, Freeman ML, Zidar DA. Immunohematologic Biomarkers in COVID-19: Insights into Pathogenesis, Prognosis, and Prevention. Pathog Immun 2023; 8:17-50. [PMID: 37427016 PMCID: PMC10324469 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v8i1.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had profound effects on the health of individuals and on healthcare systems worldwide. While healthcare workers on the frontlines have fought to quell multiple waves of infection, the efforts of the larger research community have changed the arch of this pandemic as well. This review will focus on biomarker discovery and other efforts to identify features that predict outcomes, and in so doing, identify possible effector and passenger mechanisms of adverse outcomes. Identifying measurable soluble factors, cell-types, and clinical parameters that predict a patient's disease course will have a legacy for the study of immunologic responses, especially stimuli, which induce an overactive, yet ineffectual immune system. As prognostic biomarkers were identified, some have served to represent pathways of therapeutic interest in clinical trials. The pandemic conditions have created urgency for accelerated target identification and validation. Collectively, these COVID-19 studies of biomarkers, disease outcomes, and therapeutic efficacy have revealed that immunologic systems and responses to stimuli are more heterogeneous than previously assumed. Understanding the genetic and acquired features that mediate divergent immunologic outcomes in response to this global exposure is ongoing and will ultimately improve our preparedness for future pandemics, as well as impact preventive approaches to other immunologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Sweet
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Michael L. Freeman
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - David A. Zidar
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
- Cardiology Section, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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Vaz CDO, Hounkpe BW, Oliveira JD, Mazetto B, Cardoso Jacintho B, Aparecida Locachevic G, Henrique De Oliveira Soares K, Carlos Silva Mariolano J, Castilho de Mesquita G, Colombera Peres K, Vieira- Damiani G, Vieira Geraldo M, Orsi FA. MicroRNA 205-5p and COVID-19 adverse outcomes: Potential molecular biomarker and regulator of the immune response. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:1024-1033. [PMID: 37403291 PMCID: PMC10323515 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231175412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response, resulting from the release of large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, is the main mechanism behind severe acute respiratory syndrome and multiple organ failure, the two main causes of death in COVID-19. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as gene expression regulation by microRNAs (miRs), may be at the basis of the immunological changes associated with COVID-19. Therefore, the main objective of the study was to evaluate whether the expression of miRNAs upon hospital admission could predict the risk of fatal COVID-19. To evaluate the level of circulating miRNAs, we used serum samples of COVID-19 patients collected upon hospital admission. Screening of differentially expressed miRNAs in fatal COVID-19 was performed by miRNA-Seq and the validation of miRNAs by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The Mann-Whitney test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to validate the miRNAs, whose potential signaling pathways and biological processes were identified through an in silico approach. A cohort of 100 COVID-19 patients was included in this study. By comparing the circulating levels of miRs between survivors and patients who died due to complications of the infection, we found that the expression of miR-205-5p was increased in those who died during hospitalization, and the expression of both miR-205-5p (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.5-0.7, P = 0.03) and miR-206 (AUC = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.5-0.7, P = 0.03) was increased in those who lately evolved to severe forms of the disease (AUC = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.6-0.8, P = 0.002)."In silico" analysis revealed that miR-205-5p has the potential to enhance the activation of NLPR3 inflammasome and to inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathways. Impaired innate immune response against SARS-CoV-2 may be explained by epigenetic mechanisms, which could form early biomarkers of adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bidossessi Wilfried Hounkpe
- Bone Metabolism Laboratory, Rheumatology Division, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246903, Brazil
| | - José Diogo Oliveira
- School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Bruna Mazetto
- School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
| | | | - Gisele Aparecida Locachevic
- Clinical Hospital, Department of Clinical Pathology, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-888, Brazil
| | | | - João Carlos Silva Mariolano
- Clinical Hospital, Department of Clinical Pathology, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-888, Brazil
| | | | - Karina Colombera Peres
- Clinical Hospital, Department of Clinical Pathology, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-888, Brazil
| | | | - Murilo Vieira Geraldo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Andrade Orsi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
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Fadanni GP, Calixto JB. Recent progress and prospects for anti-cytokine therapy in preclinical and clinical acute lung injury. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 71-72:13-25. [PMID: 37481378 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a heterogeneous cause of respiratory failure that has a rapid onset, a high mortality rate, and for which there is no effective pharmacological treatment. Current evidence supports a critical role of excessive inflammation in ARDS, resulting in several cytokines, cytokine receptors, and proteins within their downstream signalling pathways being putative therapeutic targets. However, unsuccessful trials of anti-inflammatory drugs have thus far hindered progress in the field. In recent years, the prospects of precision medicine and therapeutic targeting of cytokines coevolving into effective treatments have gained notoriety. There is an optimistic and growing understanding of ARDS subphenotypes as well as advances in treatment strategies and clinical trial design. Furthermore, large trials of anti-cytokine drugs in patients with COVID-19 have provided an unprecedented amount of information that could pave the way for therapeutic breakthroughs. While current clinical and nonclinical ARDS research suggest relatively limited potential in monotherapy with anti-cytokine drugs, combination therapy has emerged as an appealing strategy and may provide new perspectives on finding safe and effective treatments. Accurate evaluation of these drugs, however, also relies on well-founded experimental research and the implementation of biomarker-guided stratification in future trials. In this review, we provide an overview of anti-cytokine therapy for acute lung injury and ARDS, highlighting the current preclinical and clinical evidence for targeting the main cytokines individually and the therapeutic prospects for combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Pasetto Fadanni
- Centre of Innovation and Preclinical Studies (CIEnP), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - João Batista Calixto
- Centre of Innovation and Preclinical Studies (CIEnP), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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42
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Dutta D, Liu J, Xiong H. The Impact of COVID-19 on People Living with HIV-1 and HIV-1-Associated Neurological Complications. Viruses 2023; 15:1117. [PMID: 37243203 PMCID: PMC10223371 DOI: 10.3390/v15051117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative pathogen of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a fatal respiratory illness. The associated risk factors for COVID-19 are old age and medical comorbidities. In the current combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) era, a significant portion of people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) with controlled viremia is older and with comorbidities, making these people vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-associated severe outcomes. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 is neurotropic and causes neurological complications, resulting in a health burden and an adverse impact on PLWH and exacerbating HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). The impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity on neuroinflammation, the development of HAND and preexisting HAND is poorly explored. In the present review, we compiled the current knowledge of differences and similarities between SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1, the conditions of the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and HIV-1/AIDS syndemic and their impact on the central nervous system (CNS). Risk factors of COVID-19 on PLWH and neurological manifestations, inflammatory mechanisms leading to the neurological syndrome, the development of HAND, and its influence on preexisting HAND are also discussed. Finally, we have reviewed the challenges of the present syndemic on the world population, with a particular emphasis on PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA
| | | | - Huangui Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA
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Chiang CY, Lin YJ, Weng WT, Lin HD, Lu CY, Chen WJ, Shih CY, Lin PY, Lin SZ, Ho TJ, Shibu MA, Huang CY. Recuperative herbal formula Jing Si maintains vasculature permeability balance, regulates inflammation and assuages concomitants of "Long-Covid". Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114752. [PMID: 37116351 PMCID: PMC10130602 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide health threat that has long-term effects on the patients and there is currently no efficient cure prescribed for the treatment and the prolonging effects. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been reported to exert therapeutic effect against COVID-19. In this study, the therapeutic effects of Jing Si herbal tea (JSHT) against COVID-19 infection and associated long-term effects were evaluated in different in vitro and in vivo models. The anti-inflammatory effects of JSHT were studied in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and in Omicron pseudotyped virus-induced acute lung injury model. The effect of JSHT on cellular stress was determined in HK-2 proximal tubular cells and H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. The therapeutic benefits of JSHT on anhedonia and depression symptoms associated with long COVID were evaluated in mice models for unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). JSHT inhibited the NF-ƙB activities, and significantly reduced LPS-induced expression of TNFα, COX-2, NLRP3 inflammasome, and HMGB1. JSHT was also found to significantly suppress the production of NO by reducing iNOS expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Further, the protective effects of JSHT on lung tissue were confirmed based on mitigation of lung injury, repression in TMRRSS2 and HMGB-1 expression and reduction of cytokine storm in the Omicron pseudotyped virus-induced acute lung injury model. JSHT treatment in UCMS models also relieved chronic stress and combated depression symptoms. The results therefore show that JSHT attenuates the cytokine storm by repressing NF-κB cascades and provides the protective functions against symptoms associated with long COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yi Chiang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jung Lin
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tsan Weng
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Dao Lin
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-You Lu
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Jing Chen
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Cheng Yen Shih
- Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; Buddhist Tzu Chi Foundation Hospital, Hualien 97002, Tawian
| | - Pi-Yu Lin
- Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Foundation Hospital, Hualien 97002, Tawian; Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; School of Post-Baccalaure-ate Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004,Taiwan; Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, HualienTzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan; Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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Almeida-da-Silva CLC, Savio LEB, Coutinho-Silva R, Ojcius DM. The role of NOD-like receptors in innate immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1122586. [PMID: 37006312 PMCID: PMC10050748 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1122586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system in vertebrates and invertebrates relies on conserved receptors and ligands, and pathways that can rapidly initiate the host response against microbial infection and other sources of stress and danger. Research into the family of NOD-like receptors (NLRs) has blossomed over the past two decades, with much being learned about the ligands and conditions that stimulate the NLRs and the outcomes of NLR activation in cells and animals. The NLRs play key roles in diverse functions, ranging from transcription of MHC molecules to initiation of inflammation. Some NLRs are activated directly by their ligands, while other ligands may have indirect effects on the NLRs. New findings in coming years will undoubtedly shed more light on molecular details involved in NLR activation, as well as the physiological and immunological outcomes of NLR ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássio Luiz Coutinho Almeida-da-Silva
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Cássio Luiz Coutinho Almeida-da-Silva, ; David M. Ojcius,
| | - Luiz Eduardo Baggio Savio
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - David M. Ojcius
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Cássio Luiz Coutinho Almeida-da-Silva, ; David M. Ojcius,
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Bonaventura A, Thomas GK, Golino M, Mauro AG, Vecchié A, Del Buono MG, Toldo S, Potere N, Abbate A. Novel Pathophysiological, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Concepts in Acute and Recurrent Pericarditis. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2023; 24:77. [PMID: 39077487 PMCID: PMC11264016 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2403077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute pericarditis is the most frequent pericardial disease characterized by inflammation of the pericardial layers resulting in pain, dyspnea and fatigue. Often limited to an isolated event, up to 30% of patients experience one or more recurrences. There is limited knowledge about the pathophysiology of this disease, possibly due to the limited availability of animal models. More recently, following seminal clinical trials with colchicine and interleukin-1 (IL-1) blockers and a novel murine model of acute pericarditis using zymosan A, it has become clear that the NLRP3 (NACHT, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome/IL-1 β axis plays a central role in driving acute pericardial inflammation and in sustaining this process during recurrences. Diagnostic management of pericarditis has been implemented with multimodality imaging including echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance. These imaging modalities provide essential diagnostic and pathogenetic information, and are able to characterize pericardial inflammation, allowing to refine risk stratification and personalize treatment. Recent acquisitions yield relevant implications with regard to the therapeutic management of acute and recurrent pericarditis. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and colchicine are cornerstone therapies either for acute and recurrent pericarditis. However, the benefits of targeted agents, such as anakinra - a recombinant human IL-1 receptor antagonist - and rilonacept - an IL-1 α /IL-1 β trap, are being increasingly recognized. To this end, phenotyping patients with pericarditis and addressing such therapies to those presenting with auto-inflammatory features (elevated C-reactive protein, sustained pericardial and systemic inflammation, multiple recurrences) is of utmost importance to identify patients who might be more likely to benefit from NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1 β pathway blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Bonaventura
- S.C. Medicina Generale 1, Medical Center, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, ASST Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Georgia K Thomas
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23220, USA
| | - Michele Golino
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23220, USA
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Vecchié
- S.C. Medicina Generale 1, Medical Center, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, ASST Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Marco Giuseppe Del Buono
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Toldo
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23220, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Nicola Potere
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, “G. D'Annunzio" University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonio Abbate
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Ou H, Fan Y, Guo X, Lao Z, Zhu M, Li G, Zhao L. Identifying key genes related to inflammasome in severe COVID-19 patients based on a joint model with random forest and artificial neural network. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1139998. [PMID: 37113134 PMCID: PMC10126306 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1139998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been spreading astonishingly and caused catastrophic losses worldwide. The high mortality of severe COVID-19 patients is an serious problem that needs to be solved urgently. However, the biomarkers and fundamental pathological mechanisms of severe COVID-19 are poorly understood. The aims of this study was to explore key genes related to inflammasome in severe COVID-19 and their potential molecular mechanisms using random forest and artificial neural network modeling. Methods Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in severe COVID-19 were screened from GSE151764 and GSE183533 via comprehensive transcriptome Meta-analysis. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and functional analyses were conducted to identify molecular mechanisms related to DEGs or DEGs associated with inflammasome (IADEGs), respectively. Five the most important IADEGs in severe COVID-19 were explored using random forest. Then, we put these five IADEGs into an artificial neural network to construct a novel diagnostic model for severe COVID-19 and verified its diagnostic efficacy in GSE205099. Results Using combining P value < 0.05, we obtained 192 DEGs, 40 of which are IADEGs. The GO enrichment analysis results indicated that 192 DEGs were mainly involved in T cell activation, MHC protein complex and immune receptor activity. The KEGG enrichment analysis results indicated that 192 GEGs were mainly involved in Th17 cell differentiation, IL-17 signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. In addition, the top GO terms of 40 IADEGs were involved in T cell activation, immune response-activating signal transduction, external side of plasma membrane and phosphatase binding. The KEGG enrichment analysis results indicated that IADEGs were mainly involved in FoxO signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor, JAK-STAT signaling pathway and Apoptosis. Then, five important IADEGs (AXL, MKI67, CDKN3, BCL2 and PTGS2) for severe COVID-19 were screened by random forest analysis. By building an artificial neural network model, we found that the AUC values of 5 important IADEGs were 0.972 and 0.844 in the train group (GSE151764 and GSE183533) and test group (GSE205099), respectively. Conclusion The five genes related to inflammasome, including AXL, MKI67, CDKN3, BCL2 and PTGS2, are important for severe COVID-19 patients, and these molecules are related to the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, AXL, MKI67, CDKN3, BCL2 and PTGS2 as a marker combination could be used as potential markers to identify severe COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiya Ou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaohua Fan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Guo
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zizhao Lao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiling Zhu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Meiling Zhu, ; Geng Li, ; Lijun Zhao,
| | - Geng Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Meiling Zhu, ; Geng Li, ; Lijun Zhao,
| | - Lijun Zhao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Meiling Zhu, ; Geng Li, ; Lijun Zhao,
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