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Peña J, González-Mariño I, Pérez Pavón JL. In-situ acetylation followed by liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry for the determination of bromophenols in urine. Talanta 2024; 275:126146. [PMID: 38678925 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
A novel and simple method combining in-situ acetylation, liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been developed for the quantification of 10 bromophenols in urine, used as biomarkers of exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers. The analytical process involves an enzymatic hydrolysis of the bromophenol glucuronide fraction followed by an aqueous derivatization of the phenol group with acetic anhydride. A subsequent liquid-liquid extraction of the sample with hexane allows the injection of the organic layer, using a programmed temperature vaporizer, into a gas chromatograph coupled to a single quadrupole mass spectrometer. Quantification is performed by the standard addition method. Limits of detection are in the pg mL-1 range. Trueness, assessed in terms of percentages of recovery, varies between 100 % and 118 % in synthetic urine and between 79 % and 117 % in human urine. Precision, assessed at two different levels, 0.25 ng mL-1 and 2.5 ng mL-1, shows values of relative standard deviation below 14 % both in intra- and inter-day studies for both matrices. The method has been applied to the analysis of seven urine samples, measuring concentrations higher than the LOQ in three of them. These levels are in agreement with others found in literature, but they have been obtained by applying a much simpler and faster protocol. In addition, the replacement of silylating reagents by acetic anhydride, to derivatize the phenol moiety, provides a greener alternative to other GC-MS procedures published up to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Peña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Iria González-Mariño
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, 37008, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - José Luis Pérez Pavón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
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2
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Hartmann C, Kaiser AM, Moche W, Weiss S, Raffesberg W, Scharf S, Graf-Rohrmeister K, Thanhaeuser M, Haiden N, Uhl M. Persistent Organic Pollutants in Austrian Human Breast Milk Collected between 2013 and 2016. J Xenobiot 2024; 14:247-266. [PMID: 38390995 PMCID: PMC10885091 DOI: 10.3390/jox14010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast milk holds an immense nutritional value as it contains health-promoting substances in a unique, optimal form. Additionally, breast milk's significance extends to health and environmental protection, as it serves as an indicator of both maternal and infant exposure. In this study, breast milk samples collected in 2013 and in 2014-2016 from mothers in Vienna (Austria) were analysed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), as well as further substances which have been listed under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) due to their persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic properties. The total concentration of the PBDE congeners in the samples (n = 18, sampled 2013) ranged from 0.055 to 52 ng/g lipid, and from 0.002 to 2.5 ng/g breast milk. In the pooled sample, the sum of PBDEs was detected at a level of 4.4 ng/g lipid. Based on the 2014-2016 study population, certain PFAS were detected in all samples (n = 40). Exposure to the sum of four specific PFAS including perfluorooctanesulphonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluoro-n-nonanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluoro-1-hexanesulfonate (PFHxS) ranged between 0.014 and 0.12 ng/L breast milk. In the pooled sample, PFOS and PFOA were found in concentrations of 0.025 ng/g and of 0.045 ng/g, respectively. In addition, the first generation of POPs, mainly organochlorine compounds, was measured in a pooled sample of breast milk from participants sampled in 2014-2016 as part of the WHO/UNEP breast milk monitoring program and compared to the POPs measured in pooled samples collected in 1987/1988 and 1992/1993, respectively. Therefore, this paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the Stockholm Convention on POPs by comparing the Austrian results from the WHO/UNEP global breast milk study from 1987 to 2016. However, the data also show that, despite these reductions, health-relevant levels are still being reached, particularly in terms of children's health when the presence of the new generation of POPs, such as PBDEs and PFAS, in human breast milk is taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wolfgang Moche
- Environment Agency Austria, Spittelauer Laende 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Environment Agency Austria, Spittelauer Laende 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Sigrid Scharf
- Environment Agency Austria, Spittelauer Laende 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Margarita Thanhaeuser
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadja Haiden
- Department of Neonatology, Kepler University Hospital, Krankenhausstraße 26-30, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Maria Uhl
- Environment Agency Austria, Spittelauer Laende 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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3
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Gomes J, Begum M, Kumarathasan P. Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposure and adverse maternal and infant health outcomes: Systematic review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 347:140367. [PMID: 37890790 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are flame retardants found in ambient environment and are measured in humans. There are reports on general PBDE toxicity, including endocrine disrupting properties. Studies on adverse maternal and infant outcomes and underlying toxicity mechanisms needs to be understood. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review to examine the state of science on the relationship between PBDE and adverse maternal/infant health outcomes and related maternal biomarker changes. This literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science for published articles from January 2005-February 2022. Article quality was assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Of the 1518 articles, only 54 human observational studies were screened in for this review. A second reviewer examined the validity of these articles. Reports on associations between PBDE and maternal health outcomes included gestational hypertension/preeclampsia (N = 2) and gestational diabetes mellitus/glycemic index (N = 6). Meanwhile, reports on PBDE and infant outcomes (N=32) included effects on infant birth weight, birth length and cephalic perimeter, preterm birth, fetal growth restriction and APGAR scores. Although findings on PBDE exposure and adverse infant outcomes showed inconsistencies across studies, in general, negative correlations between maternal PBDEs and infant birth weight, birth length and cephalic perimeter were seen, in few cases, after stratification by sex. Association between maternal PBDE and maternal biomarkers (N=18) suggested negative impact of PBDE exposure on markers relevant to neuro-endocrine system and inflammatory processes. The review findings identified potential associations between maternal PBDE and adverse maternal/infant health outcomes. Furthermore, PBDE-related biomarker changes suggest disturbances in maternal mechanisms relevant to endocrine disrupting properties of PBDEs. The observed study heterogeneity can be attributed to factors namely, sample size, study design and statistical analysis. Overall review findings imply the necessity for further research to validate PBDE exposure-related adverse maternal/infant health effects and to validate underlying toxicity mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gomes
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - M Begum
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - P Kumarathasan
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, HECS, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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4
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van der Schyff V, Kalina J, Abballe A, Iamiceli AL, Govarts E, Melymuk L. Has Regulatory Action Reduced Human Exposure to Flame Retardants? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:19106-19124. [PMID: 37992205 PMCID: PMC10702444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Flame retardant (FR) exposure has been linked to several environmental and human health effects. Because of this, the production and use of several FRs are regulated globally. We reviewed the available records of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) in human breast milk from literature to evaluate the efficacy of regulation to reduce the exposure of FRs to humans. Two-hundred and seven studies were used for analyses to determine the spatial and temporal trends of FR exposure. North America consistently had the highest concentrations of PBDEs, while Asia and Oceania dominated HBCDD exposure. BDE-49 and -99 indicated decreasing temporal trends in most regions. BDE-153, with a longer half-life than the aforementioned isomers, typically exhibited a plateau in breast milk levels. No conclusive trend could be established for HBCDD, and insufficient information was available to determine a temporal trend for BDE-209. Breakpoint analyses indicated a significant decrease in BDE-47 and -99 in Europe around the time that regulation has been implemented, suggesting a positive effect of regulation on FR exposure. However, very few studies have been conducted globally (specifically in North America) after 2013, during the time when the most recent regulations have been implemented. This meta-analysis provides insight into global trends in human exposure to PBDEs and HBCDD, but the remaining uncertainty highlights the need for ongoing evaluation and monitoring, even after a compound group is regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiří Kalina
- RECETOX,
Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech
Republic
| | - Annalisa Abballe
- Department
of Environment and Health, Italian National
Institute for Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Iamiceli
- Department
of Environment and Health, Italian National
Institute for Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Eva Govarts
- VITO
Health, Flemish Institute for Technological
Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Lisa Melymuk
- RECETOX,
Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech
Republic
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Seewoo BJ, Goodes LM, Mofflin L, Mulders YR, Wong EV, Toshniwal P, Brunner M, Alex J, Johnston B, Elagali A, Gozt A, Lyle G, Choudhury O, Solomons T, Symeonides C, Dunlop SA. The plastic health map: A systematic evidence map of human health studies on plastic-associated chemicals. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 181:108225. [PMID: 37948868 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global production and use of plastic materials has increased dramatically since the 1960s and there is increasing evidence of human health impacts related to exposure to plastic-associated chemicals. There is, however, no comprehensive, regulatory, post-market monitoring for human health effects of plastic-associated chemicals or particles and it is unclear how many of these have been investigated for effects in humans, and therefore what the knowledge gaps are. OBJECTIVE To create a systematic evidence map of peer-reviewed human studies investigating the potential effects of exposure to plastic-associated particles/chemicals on health to identify research gaps and provide recommendations for future research and regulation policy. METHODS Medline and Embase databases were used to identify peer-reviewed primary human studies published in English from Jan 1960 - Jan 2022 that investigated relationships between exposures to included plastic-associated particles/chemicals measured and detected in bio-samples and human health outcomes. Plastic-associated particles/chemicals included are: micro and nanoplastics, due to their widespread occurrence and potential for human exposure; polymers, the main building blocks of plastic; plasticizers and flame retardants, the two most common types of plastic additives with the highest concentration ranges in plastic materials; and bisphenols and per- or polyfluoroalkyl substances, two chemical classes of known health concern that are common in plastics. We extracted metadata on the population and study characteristics (country, intergenerational, sex, age, general/special exposure risk status, study design), exposure (plastic-associated particle/chemical, multiple exposures), and health outcome measures (biochemical, physiological, and/or clinical), from which we produced the interactive database 'Plastic Health Map' and a narrative summary. RESULTS We identified 100,949 unique articles, of which 3,587 met our inclusion criteria and were used to create a systematic evidence map. The Plastic Health Map with extracted metadata from included studies are freely available at https://osf.io/fhw7d/ and summary tables, plots and overall observations are included in this report. CONCLUSIONS We present the first evidence map compiling human health research on a wide range of plastic-associated chemicals from several different chemical classes, in order to provide stakeholders, including researchers, regulators, and concerned individuals, with an efficient way to access published literature on the matter and determine knowledge gaps. We also provide examples of data clusters to facilitate systematic reviews and research gaps to help direct future research efforts. Extensive gaps are identified in the breadth of populations, exposures and outcomes addressed in studies of potential human health effects of plastic-associated chemicals. No studies of the human health effects of micro and/or nanoplastics were found, and no studies were found for 26/1,202 additives included in our search that are of known hazard concern and confirmed to be in active production. Few studies have addressed recent "substitution" chemicals for restricted additives such as organophosphate flame retardants, phthalate substitutes, and bisphenol analogues. We call for a paradigm shift in chemical regulation whereby new plastic chemicals are rigorously tested for safety before being introduced in consumer products, with ongoing post-introduction biomonitoring of their levels in humans and health effects throughout individuals' life span, including in old age and across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhedita J Seewoo
- Plastics, Minderoo Foundation, 171-173 Mounts Bay Road 6000, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Louise M Goodes
- Plastics, Minderoo Foundation, 171-173 Mounts Bay Road 6000, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Louise Mofflin
- Plastics, Minderoo Foundation, 171-173 Mounts Bay Road 6000, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Yannick R Mulders
- Plastics, Minderoo Foundation, 171-173 Mounts Bay Road 6000, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Enoch Vs Wong
- Plastics, Minderoo Foundation, 171-173 Mounts Bay Road 6000, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Priyanka Toshniwal
- Plastics, Minderoo Foundation, 171-173 Mounts Bay Road 6000, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Manuel Brunner
- Plastics, Minderoo Foundation, 171-173 Mounts Bay Road 6000, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jennifer Alex
- Plastics, Minderoo Foundation, 171-173 Mounts Bay Road 6000, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Brady Johnston
- Plastics, Minderoo Foundation, 171-173 Mounts Bay Road 6000, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ahmed Elagali
- Plastics, Minderoo Foundation, 171-173 Mounts Bay Road 6000, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Aleksandra Gozt
- Plastics, Minderoo Foundation, 171-173 Mounts Bay Road 6000, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Greg Lyle
- Plastics, Minderoo Foundation, 171-173 Mounts Bay Road 6000, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley WA 6102, Australia
| | - Omrik Choudhury
- Plastics, Minderoo Foundation, 171-173 Mounts Bay Road 6000, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Terena Solomons
- Plastics, Minderoo Foundation, 171-173 Mounts Bay Road 6000, Perth, WA, Australia; Health and Medical Sciences (Library), The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Christos Symeonides
- Plastics, Minderoo Foundation, 171-173 Mounts Bay Road 6000, Perth, WA, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Sarah A Dunlop
- Plastics, Minderoo Foundation, 171-173 Mounts Bay Road 6000, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
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6
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Martín-Carrasco I, Carbonero-Aguilar P, Dahiri B, Moreno IM, Hinojosa M. Comparison between pollutants found in breast milk and infant formula in the last decade: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 875:162461. [PMID: 36868281 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Since ancient times, breastfeeding has been the fundamental way of nurturing the newborn. The benefits of breast milk are widely known, as it is a source of essential nutrients and provides immunological protection, as well as developmental benefits, among others. However, when breastfeeding is not possible, infant formula is the most appropriate alternative. Its composition meets the nutritional requirements of the infant, and its quality is subject to strict control by the authorities. Nonetheless, the presence of different pollutants has been detected in both matrices. Thus, the aim of the present review is to make a comparison between the findings in both breast milk and infant formula in terms of contaminants in the last decade, in order to choose the most convenient option depending on the environmental conditions. For that, the emerging pollutants including metals, chemical compounds derived from heat treatment, pharmaceutical drugs, mycotoxins, pesticides, packaging materials, and other contaminants were described. While in breast milk the most concerning contaminants found were metals and pesticides, in infant formula pollutants such as metals, mycotoxins, and packaging materials were the most outstanding. In conclusion, the convenience of using a feeding diet based on breast milk or either infant formula depends on the maternal environmental circumstances. However, it is important to take into account the immunological benefits of the breast milk compared to the infant formula, and the possibility of using breast milk in combination with infant formula when the nutritional requirements are not fulfilled only with the intake of breast milk. Therefore, more attention should be paid in terms of analyzing these conditions in each case to be able to make a proper decision, as it will vary depending on the maternal and newborn environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Martín-Carrasco
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - P Carbonero-Aguilar
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - B Dahiri
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - I M Moreno
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - M Hinojosa
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Institutionen för biokemi och biofysik, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Qian B, Zheng ZX, Yang L, Wang CQ, Lin YC, Lin ZN. Prenatal exposure to phthalates and polybrominated diphenyl ethers on neonatal health: A birth cohort study in Guangxi, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114571. [PMID: 36243047 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Few epidemiological studies have focused on prenatal phthalates (PAEs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) exposure to neonatal health in China. This study aimed to assess the associations between prenatal PAEs and PBDEs exposure and neonatal health in Guangxi, a Zhuang autonomous region of China. Concentrations of 4 PAEs metabolites (mPAEs) and 5 PBDEs congeners were measured in the serum of 267 healthy pregnant women. Birth outcomes and clinical data of neonates were collected after delivery. Mono-(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) (81.52%) and BDE47 (35.21%) were the mPAEs and PBDEs congeners with the highest detection rate in serum. Prenatal exposures to mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), MEHP, and ΣmPAEs were negatively associated with birth weight (BW), birth length (BL), and gestational age (GA). Higher exposures to MBP, MEHP, and ΣmPAEs were associated with an increased odds ratio (OR) for low birth weight (LBW), but exposure to BDE28 exhibited the opposite effect. Moreover, higher exposures to MBP, MEHP, ΣmPAEs, BDE99, and ΣPBDEswere associated with an increased OR for premature birth (PTB) (P < 0.05). In contrast to MBP exposure, BDE28 exposure was associated with a higher OR for neonatal jaundice (NNJ) (P < 0.05). The interaction analysis showed a positive interaction between monoethyl phthalate (MEP) and BDE28 on the risk of NNJ and positive interaction between ΣmPAEs and BDE47 on the risk of NNJ. In addition, there are ethnicity-specific associations of prenatal PBDEs exposure with neonatal health in individuals of Zhuang and Han nationalities, and boy neonates were more sensitive to prenatal PBDEs exposure than girl neonates. The results revealed that prenatal exposure to mPAEs and PBDEs might have adverse effects on neonatal development, and the effects might be ethnicity- and sex-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Zhao-Xuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Cheng-Qiang Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China.
| | - Zhong-Ning Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China.
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8
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Chi ZH, Goodyer CG, Hales BF, Bayen S. Characterization of different contaminants and current knowledge for defining chemical mixtures in human milk: A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 171:107717. [PMID: 36630790 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hundreds of xenobiotics, with very diverse origins, have been detected in human milk, including contaminants of emerging concern, personal care products and other current-use substances reflecting lifestyle. The routes of exposure to these chemicals include dermal absorption, ingestion and inhalation. Specific families of chemicals are dominant among human milk monitoring studies (e.g., organochlorine pesticides, bisphenol A, dioxins), even though other understudied families may be equally toxicologically relevant (e.g., food-processing chemicals, current-use plasticizers and flame retardants, mycotoxins). Importantly, the lack of reliable human milk monitoring data for some individual chemicals and, especially, for complex mixtures, is a major factor hindering risk assessment. Non-targeted screening can be used as an effective tool to identify unknown contaminants of concern in human milk. This approach, in combination with novel methods to conduct risk assessments on the chemical mixtures detected in human milk, will assist in elucidating exposures that may have adverse effects on the development of breastfeeding infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Hao Chi
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Cindy Gates Goodyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Barbara F Hales
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bayen
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
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9
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Reddam A, Sjödin A, Cowell W, Jones R, Wang S, Perera F, Herbstman JB, Kupsco A. Prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and birth outcomes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114830. [PMID: 36400221 PMCID: PMC9729424 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were used as flame retardants and from their end-use products they can be released to accumulate within indoor environments. This may result in exposures to pregnant women with potential adverse effects on the developing fetus. While studies have shown associations between prenatal PBDE exposure and poor birth outcomes, research has mainly focused on birth weight and gestational age and may miss important indicators of newborn size. METHODS The sample included a cohort of Dominican and African American mother-child pairs from New York City recruited from 1998 to 2006. PBDE congeners (BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, and BDE-153) were measured in cord serum at birth and dichotomized into low (<80th percentile) and high (>80th percentile) categories. Weight, length, head circumference, and gestational age were measured at birth and the ponderal index (birth weight/length x 100), size for gestational age, and population-based z-scores were calculated (n = 305). Separate regression analyses were conducted to estimate associations between PBDEs or PBDE sum (ng/g lipid) and birth outcomes. Quantile g-computation was performed to estimate the effect of total PBDE mixture. We also assessed effect modification by sex and ethnicity. RESULTS Adjusting for relevant covariates, the high exposure category of BDE-153 was associated with lower birth weight z-score (-0.25, 95% CI: -0.5, 0.0) and longer gestation (0.43 weeks, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.79). The high exposure category of BDE-99 was associated with lower birth length z-score (-0.55, 95% CI: -0.98, -0.12). There was a negative association between the overall PBDE mixture and birth length z-score (-0.10, 95% CI: -0.21, 0.00) per 1 quintile increase in PBDEs. There was no effect modification by sex or ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that prenatal exposures to BDE-153, BDE-99, and total PBDE mixture are associated with birth outcomes in a cohort of Dominican and African American newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aalekhya Reddam
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Andreas Sjödin
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Whitney Cowell
- Division of Environmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Jones
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frederica Perera
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julie B Herbstman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allison Kupsco
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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10
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Shaoyong W, Liu Y, Xu B, Pan B, Xianmi X, Wang Y, Jin M. Exposure to BDE-47 causes female infertility risk and induces oxidative stress and lipotoxicity-mediated ovarian hormone secretion disruption in mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 842:156885. [PMID: 35752246 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
2,2,4,4-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) has received considerable attention because of its high level in biological samples and potential developmental toxicity. Whether BDE-47 ingestion affects ovarian hormone secretion and the detailed underlying mechanism have not been clearly elucidated. The present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of BDE-47 on ovarian hormone secretion and explored the underlying mechanism. The results showed that exposure to BDE-47 caused ovarian lipid deposition and ovarian hormone disruption accompanied by oxidative stress (OS) and downregulation of hormone biosynthesis-related proteins in mice. Mechanistically, using ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) as a cellular model, it was shown that BDE-47 inhibited two ovarian hormone secretion-associated pathways: i) BDE-47 exposure induced OS via the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and further inhibited the expressions of ovarian hormone biosynthesis-related proteins, such as StAR, 3-βHSD, CYP11A1, and CYP17A1; ii) BDE-47 induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial abnormalities, and lipotoxicity, which in turn disrupted the hormone biosynthesis process and inhibited ovarian hormone secretion. Interestingly, autophagy could promote hormone secretion via downregulating the transcription levels of PPARγ and C/EBPα involved in lipid deposition. Moreover, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger NAC and ER stress inhibitor 4-PBA not only inhibited the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential but also blocked apoptosis induced by BDE-47, indicating that two individual pathways mediated apoptosis in GCs: the ER stress-mediated signaling pathway and the ROS-mediated mitochondrial signaling pathway. Together, these findings indicate the possible health risks of BDE-47 pollution areas to women, particularly affecting their ovarian hormone secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weike Shaoyong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yalin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Bocheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Bo Pan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xinuer Xianmi
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
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11
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Wang Y, Wang Q, Zhou L, Zeng Z, Zhao C, You L, Lu X, Liu X, Ouyang R, Wang Y, Xu X, Tian X, Guo Y, Huo X, Xu G. Metabolomics insights into the prenatal exposure effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers on neonatal birth outcomes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155601. [PMID: 35504395 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) on neonatal birth outcomes vary across previous studies, and the related mechanism investigation remains poorly understood, especially at the metabolic level. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the associations between prenatal PBDEs exposure and neonatal birth outcomes including gestational age, neonatal weight, birth length, head circumference (HC), Apgar score at 1 min (Apgar1) and 5 min, and further reveal the underlying metabolic disorders in a population-based birth cohort study. METHODS Gas chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) based targeted method and GC-MS based untargeted method were respectively conducted to obtain PBDE levels and metabolic profiles of 200 placental tissue samples from a typical e-waste recycling area (Guiyu) and reference area (Haojiang) in China. Spearman correlation and regression analyses were applied to assess the associations between the placental PBDE levels and birth outcomes. Metabolome-wide association studies and the meet-in-the-middle approach were employed to explore disruptions linking PBDE exposures and the corresponding adverse birth outcomes. RESULTS Eight out of 27 PBDE congeners were detected in placenta with more than 50% frequency in at least one district and significantly higher in Guiyu than those in Haojiang. The lower HC and Apgar1 had significant associations with PBDE exposures after adjustment for potential confounders. A total of 66, 16 and 14 metabolites were significantly correlated with PBDE exposures, HC and Apgar1, respectively. 4 and 12 PBDE-related metabolites were significantly associated with the risks of decreasing neonatal HC and Apgar1. The disrupted metabolites were mainly involved in the pentose phosphate pathway, ascorbate metabolism, threonine metabolism, butanoate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and arginine biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS In this birth cohort, higher placental PBDE levels were significantly associated with the lower HC and Apgar1. The associations might be modified by multiple metabolic disturbances through increasing oxidative stress, mediating neurotoxicity, maternal gut microbiota dysbiosis and vasodilatation regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qihua Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China; Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lina Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, China
| | - Zhijun Zeng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunxia Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, China
| | - Lei You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, China
| | - Runze Ouyang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiwen Tian
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Yufeng Guo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China.
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, China.
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12
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Goodes LM, Wong EVS, Alex J, Mofflin L, Toshniwal P, Brunner M, Solomons T, White E, Choudhury O, Seewoo BJ, Mulders YR, Dale T, Newman HJ, Naveed A, Lowe AB, Hendrie DV, Symeonides C, Dunlop SA. A scoping review protocol on in vivo human plastic exposure and health impacts. Syst Rev 2022; 11:137. [PMID: 35790998 PMCID: PMC9258212 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-022-02010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global plastic production has increased exponentially since the 1960s, with more than 6300 million metric tons of plastic waste generated to date. Studies have found a range of human health outcomes associated with exposure to plastic chemicals. However, only a fraction of plastic chemicals used have been studied in vivo, and then often in animals, for acute toxicological effects. With many questions still unanswered about how long-term exposure to plastic impacts human health, there is an urgent need to map human in vivo research conducted to date, casting a broad net by searching terms for a comprehensive suite of plastic chemical exposures and the widest range of health domains. METHODS This protocol describes a scoping review that will follow the recommended framework outlined in the 2017 Guidance for the Conduct of Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Scoping Reviews, to be reported in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklist. A literature search of primary clinical studies in English from 1960 onwards will be conducted in MEDLINE (Ovid) and EMBASE (Ovid) databases. References eligible for inclusion will be identified through a quality-controlled, multi-level screening process. Extracted data will be presented in diagrammatic and tabular form, with a narrative summary addressing the review questions. DISCUSSION This scoping review will comprehensively map the primary research undertaken to date on plastic exposure and human health. Secondary outputs will include extensive databases on plastic chemicals and human health outcomes/impacts. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION Open Science Framework (OSF)-Standard Pre-Data Collection Registration, https://archive.org/details/osf-registrations-gbxps-v1 , https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/GBXPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M Goodes
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Enoch V S Wong
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Jennifer Alex
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Louise Mofflin
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Priyanka Toshniwal
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Manuel Brunner
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia.,School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Terena Solomons
- Health and Medical Sciences (Library), The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Emily White
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Omrik Choudhury
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Bhedita J Seewoo
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Yannick R Mulders
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Tristan Dale
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia.,Fiona Stanley Hospital, 11 Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia.,UWA Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Hamish J Newman
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia.,Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Hospital Ave, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.,School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Alina Naveed
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Andrew B Lowe
- School of Molecular & Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Delia V Hendrie
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Christos Symeonides
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Sarah A Dunlop
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia. .,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
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13
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Shi X, Wang X, Peng L, Chen Y, Liu C, Yang Q, Wu K. Associations between polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) levels in adipose tissues and female menstrual cycle and menstrual bleeding duration in Shantou, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 301:119025. [PMID: 35183664 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The endocrine-disrupting effects of human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been studied, but their associations with menstrual status were not clearly clarified. This study was to evaluate the associations between PBDE levels in adipose tissues and the menstrual cycle and menstrual bleeding duration alteration. A total of 298 female cases undergoing surgery were recruited from two hospitals in Shantou, China. Demographic, clinical, and pathological information were collected, and adipose tissues were obtained during mammary or abdominal surgery. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry was used to analyze 14 PBDE congeners in the adipose samples. The associations between PBDE levels and menstrual cycle (MC) and menstrual duration (MD) were analyzed by logistic regression models, estimating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). BDE-153 had the highest level in the adipose samples, followed by BDE-209, BDE-183 and BDE-47. Compared with referents, median levels of BDE-47, -71, -153, -183 were higher in women with MC > 30 days (all P < 0.05); BDE-47, -153, -183, -209 were also higher in women with MD > 5.5 days (all P < 0.05). After adjusted for age and parity, BDE-47, -71, -153, -183 were associated with prolonged MC (OR = 1.20, 1.15, 1.12, 1.11, respectively, all P < 0.05) in the logistic regression models; and BDE-47, -153, -183, -209 were associated with the prolonged MD (OR = 1.13, 1.09, 1.10, 1.11, respectively, all P < 0.05). Several individual PBDE congeners in female adipose were found associated with prolonged menstrual cycle and menstrual duration. PBDEs may influence reproductive health of women by altering menstrual status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Shi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Peng
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yebin Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingtao Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Kusheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
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14
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Yuan TH, Eguchi A, Tai CJ, Tsai CH, Chien JW, Chan CC, Mori C. Comparison of the PCB serum levels among mother-child pairs in areas of Eastern Japan and Central Taiwan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150272. [PMID: 34852429 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been prohibited for two decades in Japan and Taiwan. The aim of this study was to compare the PCB congeners in maternal and cord serum between two countries. Our study subjects were 248 and 100 mother-child pairs in Japan and Taiwan. The measured levels of 23 serum PCB congeners between two countries were analyzed using gas chromatography-electron capture negative ionization quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-NICI-qMS). The statistical comparisons were conducted by Student's t-test and principal component analysis with further stratification by maternal age and parity. The maternal total PCBs levels in Japan (426 ± 244 pg/g wet wt) were significantly higher than those in Taiwan (254 ± 155 pg/g wet wt), and the similar results were found in cord total PCBs levels (97 ± 76 and 58 ± 87 pg/g wet wt). It showed different distributions of PCB congeners between two countries. Whether in maternal or cord serum, the CB138, CB153 and CB180 were the highest detectable congeners whether in Japan or Taiwan. And, the CB66, CB99, CB206 and CB209 were only detected in maternal serum of Taiwan. The women of advanced maternal age had higher levels of PCB congeners, especially in Taiwan, and the primiparous women had higher levels of PCB congeners in two countries. In summary, the PCB congeners in Japan's mother-child pairs were with higher levels and different distributions when compared to those in Taiwan, and the maternal age and parity were important factors associated with the PCB levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hsuen Yuan
- Department of Health and Welfare, College of City Management, University of Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Akifumi Eguchi
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Chun-Ju Tai
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Innovation and Policy Center for Population Health and Sustainable Environment (Population Health Research Center, PHRC), College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Chang-Chuan Chan
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Innovation and Policy Center for Population Health and Sustainable Environment (Population Health Research Center, PHRC), College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Chisato Mori
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan.
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15
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16
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Tsai MH, Chao HR, Hsu WL, Tsai CC, Lin CW, Chen CH. Analysis of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Lipid Composition in Human Breast Milk and Their Correlation with Infant Neurodevelopment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111501. [PMID: 34770016 PMCID: PMC8583092 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Breastfeeding is recommended over formula feeding, but human breast milk (HBM) composition varies and can be affected by food additives. Whether flame-retardant polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) found in HBM interact with lipid components of HBM to impede infant neurodevelopment is a critical public health issue. Using lipidomic analysis, we examined the association of PBDEs in HBM and HBM lipid components with infant neurodevelopment. HBM samples (n = 100) were collected at the beginning stage of breastfeeding and analyzed for 30 PBDE congeners as well as a group of lipid components by using high-resolution gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Infants were examined at 8 to 12 months of age by using the Bayley-III to assess neurodevelopment. A total of seven PBDEs, 35 lipids, and 27 fatty acids in HBM showed significant associations with Bayley-III scores. Multivariate analysis confirmed that these candidate PBDEs and lipid components were significant predictors of infant neurodevelopment. Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid in HBM showed no association with infant neurodevelopment in the general Taiwanese population. While certain PBDEs may play a role, our findings indicate that the lipid components of HBM are directly important for infant neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsien Tsai
- Department of Child Care, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; (M.-H.T.); (C.-W.L.)
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Emerging Compounds Research Center, General Research Service Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - How-Ran Chao
- Emerging Compounds Research Center, General Research Service Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Institute of Food Safety Management, College of Agriculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
| | - Wen-Li Hsu
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Emerging Compounds Research Center, General Research Service Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chung Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Wen Lin
- Department of Child Care, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; (M.-H.T.); (C.-W.L.)
| | - Chu-Huang Chen
- Vascular and Medicinal Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- New York Heart Research Foundation, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
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17
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Brominated Flame Retardants in Children's Room: Concentration, Composition, and Health Risk Assessment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126421. [PMID: 34198502 PMCID: PMC8296256 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Children spend most of their daily time indoors. Many of the items used indoors, such as furniture, electronics, textile, and children toys, are treated with chemicals to provide longevity and fulfil the safety standards. However, many chemicals added to these products are released into the environment during leaching out from the treated products. Many studies have reported brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in indoor environments; however, few have focused on environments specified for young children. In this study, paired air (PM10) and dust samples were collected from the rooms (n = 30) of Saudi children. These samples were analyzed for different congeners of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and three important alternative flame retardants using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209) was the most important analyzed BFR in dust and PM10 samples with a median value of 3150 ng/g of dust and 75 pg/m3. This indicates the wider application of BDE 209 has implications for its occurrence, although its use has been regulated for specified uses since 2014. Among alternative BFRs, 2-Ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (TBB), Bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH), and 1,2-Bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE) were found with a median levels of 10, 15 and 8 ng/g of dust, respectively. However, alternative BFRs were present in <50% of the PM10 samples. The calculated long term and daily exposures via indoor dust and PM10 of Saudi children from their rooms were well below the respective reference dose (RfD) values. Nonetheless, the study highlights BDE 209 at higher levels than previously reported from household dust in Saudi Arabia. The study warrants further extensive research to estimate the different classes of chemical exposure to children from their rooms.
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18
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Peltier MR, Fassett MJ, Arita Y, Chiu VY, Shi JM, Takhar HS, Mahfuz A, Garcia GS, Menon R, Getahun D. Women with high plasma levels of PBDE-47 are at increased risk of preterm birth. J Perinat Med 2021; 49:439-447. [PMID: 33554574 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2020-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nearly 100% of North American women have detectable levels of flame retardants such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in their plasma. These molecules have structural homology to thyroid hormones and may function as endocrine disruptors. Thyroid dysfunction has previously been associated with increased risk for preterm birth. Therefore, we conducted a multi-center, case-cohort study to evaluate if high plasma concentrations of a common PBDE congener in the first trimester increases the risk of preterm birth and its subtypes. METHODS Pregnant women were recruited at the onset of initiation of prenatal care at Kaiser-Permanente Southern California (KPSC)-West Los Angeles and KPSC-San Diego medical centers. Plasma samples from women whose pregnancies ended preterm and random subset of those delivering at term were assayed for PBDE-47 and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) by immunoassay. Quartile cutoffs were calculated for the patients at term and used to determine if women with exposures in the 4th quartile are at increased risk for preterm birth using logistic regression. RESULTS We found that high concentrations of PBDE-47 in the first trimester significantly increased the odds of both indicated (adjusted odds ratio, adjOR=2.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31, 4.21) and spontaneous (adjOR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.02, 3.03) preterm birth. Regardless of pregnancy outcome, TSH concentrations did not differ between women with high and low concentrations of PBDE-47. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that high plasma concentrations of PBDE-47 in the first trimester, increases the risk of indicated and spontaneous preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan R Peltier
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU-Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU-Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Michael J Fassett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaiser-Permanente West Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuko Arita
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU-Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Vicki Y Chiu
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser-Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jiaxiao M Shi
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser-Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Harpreet S Takhar
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser-Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Ali Mahfuz
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU-Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Gildy S Garcia
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser-Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch-Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Darios Getahun
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser-Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, USA
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19
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Neurodevelopmental toxicity assessment of flame retardants using a human DNT in vitro testing battery. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 38:781-807. [PMID: 33969458 PMCID: PMC9525352 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09603-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to their neurodevelopmental toxicity, flame retardants (FRs) like polybrominated diphenyl ethers are banned from the market and replaced by alternative FRs, like organophosphorus FRs, that have mostly unknown toxicological profiles. To study their neurodevelopmental toxicity, we evaluated the hazard of several FRs including phased-out polybrominated FRs and organophosphorus FRs: 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenylether (BDE-47), 2,2′,4,4′,5-pentabromodiphenylether (BDE-99), tetrabromobisphenol A, triphenyl phosphate, tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate and its metabolite bis-(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, isodecyl diphenyl phosphate, triphenyl isopropylated phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate, tert-butylphenyl diphenyl phosphate, 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate, tris(1-chloroisopropyl) phosphate, and tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate. Therefore, we used a human cell–based developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) in vitro battery covering a large variety of neurodevelopmental endpoints. Potency according to the respective most sensitive benchmark concentration (BMC) across the battery ranked from <1 μM (5 FRs), 1<10 μM (7 FRs) to the >10 μM range (3 FRs). Evaluation of the data with the ToxPi tool revealed a distinct ranking (a) than with the BMC and (b) compared to the ToxCast data, suggesting that DNT hazard of these FRs is not well predicted by ToxCast assays. Extrapolating the DNT in vitro battery BMCs to human FR exposure via breast milk suggests low risk for individual compounds. However, it raises a potential concern for real-life mixture exposure, especially when different compounds converge through diverse modes-of-action on common endpoints, like oligodendrocyte differentiation in this study. This case study using FRs suggests that human cell–based DNT in vitro battery is a promising approach for neurodevelopmental hazard assessment and compound prioritization in risk assessment.
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20
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Saquib Q, Siddiqui M, Al-Khedhairy A. Organophosphorus flame-retardant tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate is genotoxic and apoptotic inducer in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 41:861-873. [PMID: 33641188 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TCPP) is a chlorinated organophosphorus flame retardant (OPFR) widely used in consumer goods after the phaseout of brominated flame retardants (BFRs). TCPP can percolate into the indoor and outdoor dusts, leading to its detection in the human body fluids (urine, breast milk) and placenta. However, TCPP has not been studied so far for its toxicity in the human vascular system. Hence, we have used human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and exposed them to TCPP ranging from low to high (5-400 μM) concentrations for 24 h. Cytotoxicity analysis by MTT and NRU assays exhibited 15.27% and 20.56%, 21.67%, and 48.67% survival decline of cells only at 200 and 400 μM. Comet assay data showed DNA damage from 50 to 400 μM with Olive tail moment (OTM) values between 1.03 and 35.59, respectively. TCPP-exposed HUVECs exhibited 1.09 and 1.39-fold greater intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) at 25 and 400 μM, indicating oxidative stress. HUVEC mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) measurements showed 1.16 and 1.48-fold higher fluorescence of Rh123 dye at 25 and 400 μM, confirming mitochondrial dysfunction. Flow cytometric data demonstrated 5.1%-58.8% cells in SubG1 apoptotic phase at 5 and 400 μM TCPP. Our novel data revealed that TCPP is a genotoxic and apoptotic inducer, which may trigger alike responses in human vascular system. Overall, detailed in vivo studies are warranted on the transcriptional and translations effects of TCPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quaiser Saquib
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maqsood Siddiqui
- Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Al-Khedhairy
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Kozlova EV, Chinthirla BD, Pérez PA, DiPatrizio NV, Argueta DA, Phillips AL, Stapleton HM, González GM, Krum JM, Carrillo V, Bishay AE, Basappa KR, Currás-Collazo MC. Maternal transfer of environmentally relevant polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) produces a diabetic phenotype and disrupts glucoregulatory hormones and hepatic endocannabinoids in adult mouse female offspring. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18102. [PMID: 33093533 PMCID: PMC7582149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74853-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are brominated flame retardant chemicals and environmental contaminants with endocrine-disrupting properties that are associated with diabetes and metabolic syndrome in humans. However, their diabetogenic actions are not completely characterized or understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of DE-71, a commercial penta-mixture of PBDEs, on glucoregulatory parameters in a perinatal exposure model using female C57Bl/6 mice. Results from in vivo glucose and insulin tolerance tests and ex vivo analyses revealed fasting hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, reduced sensitivity and delayed glucose clearance after insulin challenge, decreased thermogenic brown adipose tissue mass, and exaggerated hepatic endocannabinoid tone in F1 offspring exposed to 0.1 mg/kg DE-71 relative to control. DE-71 effects on F0 dams were more limited indicating that indirect exposure to developing offspring is more detrimental. Other ex vivo glycemic correlates occurred more generally in exposed F0 and F1, i.e., reduced plasma insulin and altered glucoregulatory endocrines, exaggerated sympathoadrenal activity and reduced hepatic glutamate dehydrogenase enzymatic activity. Hepatic PBDE congener analysis indicated maternal transfer of BDE-28 and -153 to F1 at a collective level of 200 ng/g lipid, in range with maximum values detected in serum of human females. Given the persistent diabetogenic phenotype, especially pronounced in female offspring after developmental exposure to environmentally relevant levels of DE-71, additional animal studies should be conducted that further characterize PBDE-induced diabetic pathophysiology and identify critical developmental time windows of susceptibility. Longitudinal human studies should also be conducted to determine the risk of long-lasting metabolic consequences after maternal transfer of PBDEs during early-life development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Kozlova
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Bhuvaneswari D Chinthirla
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Pedro A Pérez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas V DiPatrizio
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Donovan A Argueta
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Gwendolyn M González
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Julia M Krum
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Valeria Carrillo
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Anthony E Bishay
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Karthik R Basappa
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Margarita C Currás-Collazo
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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22
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Brominated flame retardants, including polybrominated biphenyls (PBB), are persistent compounds reported to affect sex hormones in animals; less is known about potential effects in humans. An industrial accident in 1973-1974 exposed Michigan residents to PBB through contaminated food. We examined whether this exposure to PBB had long-term effects on menstrual cycle function. METHODS In 2004-2006, we recruited reproductive-aged women in the Michigan PBB Registry who were not pregnant, lactating, or taking hormonal medications. Participants kept daily diaries and provided daily urine samples for up to 6 months. We assayed the urine samples for estrone 3-glucuronide (E13G), pregnanediol 3-glucuronide (Pd3G), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). We fit linear mixed models among women aged 35-42 years to describe the relation between serum PBB levels and log-transformed, creatinine-adjusted daily endocrine levels among women who were premenarchal during the exposure incident in 1973-1974 (n = 70). RESULTS We observed that high (>3.0 parts per billion [ppb]) and medium (>1.0-3.0 ppb) PBB exposure were associated with lower E13G levels across the menstrual cycle and lower FSH levels during the follicular phase, compared with low PBB exposure (≤1.0 ppb). High PBB exposure was also associated with lower Pd3G levels across the cycle compared with low PBB exposure, whereas Pd3G levels were similar in women with medium and low PBB exposure. CONCLUSION Our results are consistent with a hypothesized effect of exposure to an exogenous estrogen agonist but the modest sample size of the study requires cautious interpretation.
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23
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Jin Y, Li J, Deng X, Xia B, Song Q, Zhao Y, He X, Li Y, Xu Z, Xie A, Lin J, Zhang Y, Chen S. Association between fetal growth restriction and maternal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 198:110623. [PMID: 32361490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) via ingestion of food, dust inhalation, and dermal absorption. Exposure to PBDEs via the placenta and breast milk is a special and important pathway in infants. This nested case-control study aimed to investigate the levels of PBDEs in maternal serum and colostrum, and to assess the association between the occurrence of fetal growth restriction (FGR) and prenatal exposure to PBDEs. We recruited 293 mother-newborn pairs, including 98 FGR cases and 195 healthy controls in Wenzhou, China. Maternal serum and colostrum samples were collected during pregnancy and after delivery, respectively, and the levels of PBDEs were measured by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The total levels of PBDEs in maternal serum and colostrum were found to be in equilibrium, but congener profiles of PBDEs in these matrices were different. Increased BDE-207, BDE-209, ∑BDE196-209 and ∑PBDEs levels in maternal serum and BDE-99, ∑BDE17-154 and ∑PBDEs levels in colostrum were correlated with decreased birth weight Z score. Increased concentrations of higher brominated BDEs in maternal serum (odds ratio (OR) = 1.010, 95%CI = 1.003-1.018) and low-to moderately brominated BDEs in colostrum (OR = 1.004, 95%CI = 1.000-1.009) were associated with increased risk of FGR, which showed an exposure-response relationship. In addition, infants with FGR were more exposed to PBDEs in colostrum after birth than healthy infants. Longitudinal birth cohort studies are needed to determine the prolonged effect of PBDEs exposure on the growth of FGR infants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Jin
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Jialin Li
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaokai Deng
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Bin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qi Song
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yingya Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoxiao He
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yimei Li
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Zhangye Xu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Ailan Xie
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Shangqin Chen
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
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24
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Li J, Ma W, Zhao Y, Jin Y, Xiao X, Ge W, Shi H, Zhang Y. Lactational exposure of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and its association with infant developmental measurements. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 388:122031. [PMID: 31951989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to assess the effect of lactational polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposure on early physical development of both healthy and fetal growth restriction (FGR) infants. Z scores of head circumference-for-age (ZHC), length-for-age (ZLEN), weight-for-age (ZWEI) and weight-for-length (ZWFL) were calculated according to the WHO Child Growth Standards. FGR infants had a higher PBDE exposure level and faster growth speed from 42 days to 6 months compared with healthy infants. Exposure of lower brominated BDEs (BDE28∼154) and the sum of 18 BDE congeners (BDE28∼209) negatively associated with ZHC [mean difference estimate (95 % CI): -0.71 (-1.22, -0.22) and -0.81 (-1.31, -0.33)] in FGR boys. Both BDE153 and BDE196 exposure had a significant correlation with ZLEN of boys in FGR group [mean difference estimate (95 % CI): -0.28 (-0.48, -0.07) and -0.52 (-0.91, -0.14)]. Each 10 ng/g lipid increase in the concentrations of BDE154 were respectively associated with 0.16 increase in ZWEI among boys in healthy group. No significant association was found in girls. Lactational PBDE exposure had effects on the early growth of both FGR and healthy infants. The encouragement of breastfeeding should therefore be considered in conjunction with PBDE contamination levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Li
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenjuan Ma
- School of Nursing and Health Management, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Yingya Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuting Jin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xirong Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenzhen Ge
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Huijing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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25
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Park HR, Elkin ER, Castillo-Castrejon M, Loch-Caruso R. Brominated diphenyl ether-47 differentially regulates cellular migration and invasion in a human first trimester trophoblast cell line. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 93:191-198. [PMID: 32142752 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are flame retardant compounds detected in human placenta and linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Impaired trophoblast migration and invasion during early pregnancy have been implicated as potential mechanisms of pregnancy disorders. The present study investigated the effect of BDE-47, a prevalent PBDE congener, on cell migration, invasion, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression in a human first trimester extravillous trophoblast cell line, HTR-8/SVneo. BDE-47 stimulated cell migration in HTR-SV/neo cells while decreasing invasion of cells into Matrigel. In addition, BDE-47 led to differential expression of MMP-1, -2, -3, and -9 at protein and mRNA levels. In summary, BDE-47 differentially regulated cellular migration and invasion with divergent changes in MMP expression in trophoblasts. Because proper regulation of trophoblast migration and invasion is critical for placental development and function, further research is warranted to determine if exposure to PBDEs disrupts trophoblast functions with increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Ryung Park
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029 USA.
| | - Elana R Elkin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029 USA
| | - Marisol Castillo-Castrejon
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029 USA
| | - Rita Loch-Caruso
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029 USA
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26
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Matovu H, Ssebugere P, Sillanpää M. Prenatal exposure levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in mother-infant pairs and their transplacental transfer characteristics in Uganda (East Africa). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 258:113723. [PMID: 31869703 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants with adverse effects on the foetus and infants. This study aimed at assessing in utero exposure levels and transplacental transfer (TPT) characteristics of BDE congeners in primiparous mothers from Kampala, the capital city of Uganda. Paired human samples (30 placenta and 30 cord blood samples) were collected between April and June 2018; and analysed for a suite of 24 tri-to deca-BDE congeners. Extraction was carried out using liquid-liquid extraction and sonication for cord blood and placenta samples, respectively. Clean-up was done on a solid phase (SPE) column and analysis was performed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Total (∑) PBDEs were 0.25-30.9 ng/g lipid weight (lw) (median; 7.11 ng/g lw) in placental tissues and 1.65-34.5 ng/g lw (median; 11.9 ng/g lw) in cord blood serum, with a mean difference of 1.26 ng/g lw between the compartments. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the levels of PBDEs in cord blood and placenta samples (Wilcoxon signed rank test, p = 0.665), possibly because foetus and neonates have poorly developed systems to metabolise the pollutants from the mothers. BDE-209 was the dominant congener in both matrices (contributed 40.5% and 51.2% to ∑PBDEs in placenta and cord blood, respectively), suggesting recent and on-going maternal exposure to deca-BDE formulation. Non-significant associations were observed between ∑PBDEs in maternal placenta and maternal age, household income, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), and beef/fish consumption. This suggested on-going exposure to PBDEs through multiple sources such as dust from indoor/outdoor environments and, ingestion of other foods. Based on absolute concentrations, the extent of transplacental transport was greater for higher congeners (BDE-209, -206 and -207) than for lower ones (such as BDE-47), suggesting alternative TPT mechanisms besides passive diffusion. More studies with bigger sample sizes are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Matovu
- Department of Chemistry, Gulu University, P. O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda; Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Green Chemistry, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, 50190, Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Patrick Ssebugere
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Department of Green Chemistry, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, 50190, Mikkeli, Finland
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27
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Awere E, Obeng PA, Bonoli A, Obeng PA. E-waste recycling and public exposure to organic compounds in developing countries: a review of recycling practices and toxicity levels in Ghana. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/21622515.2020.1714749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Awere
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Civil Engineering, Cape Coast Technical University, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Peter Appiah Obeng
- Department of Water and Sanitation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Alessandra Bonoli
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Panin Asirifua Obeng
- Department of Civil Engineering, Cape Coast Technical University, Cape Coast, Ghana
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28
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Environmental Exposures and Adverse Pregnancy-Related Outcomes. HEALTH IMPACTS OF DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-0520-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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29
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Jiang Y, Yuan L, Lin Q, Ma S, Yu Y. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the environment and human external and internal exposure in China: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 696:133902. [PMID: 31470322 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely used as brominated flame retardants. Because of their toxicity and persistence, some PBDEs were restricted under the Stockholm Convention in 2009. Since then, many studies have been carried out on PBDEs in China and in many other countries. In the present review, the occurrences and contamination of PBDEs in air, water, sediment, soil, biota and daily food, human blood, hair, and other human tissues in China are comprehensively reviewed and described. The human exposure pathways and associated health risks of PBDEs are summarized. The data showed no obvious differences between North and South China, but concentrations from West China were generally lower than in East China, which can be mainly attributed to the production and widespread use of PBDEs in eastern regions. High levels of PBDEs were generally observed in the PBDE production facilities (e.g., Jiangsu Province and Shandong Province, East China) and e-waste recycling sites (Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, East China, and Guiyu City and Qingyuan City, both located in Guangdong Province, South China) and large cities, whereas low levels were detected in rural and less-developed areas, especially in remote regions such as the Tibetan Plateau. Deca-BDE is generally the major congener. Existing problems for PBDE investigations in China are revealed, and further studies are also discussed and anticipated. In particular, non-invasive matrices such as hair should be more thoroughly studied; more accurate estimations of human exposure and health risks should be performed, such as adding bioaccessibility or bioavailability to human exposure assessments; and the degradation products and metabolites of PBDEs in human bodies should receive more attention. More investigations should be carried out to evaluate the quantitative relationships between internal and external exposure so as to provide a scientific basis for ensuring human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Jiang
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Longmiao Yuan
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Qinhao Lin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Shentao Ma
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Synergy Innovation Institute of GDUT, Shantou 515100, China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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30
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Zhao Y, Song Q, Ge W, Jin Y, Chen S, Zhao Y, Xiao X, Zhang Y. Associations between in utero exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers, pathophysiological state of fetal growth and placental DNA methylation changes. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 133:105255. [PMID: 31655276 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are environmental chemicals with harmful effects on pregnancy, but their effects on adverse developmental outcomes are not fully understood. The placental DNA methylation is strongly influenced by prenatal environmental factors and has been linked to fetal growth. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between in utero PBDEs exposure, placental DNA methylation changes (growth regulatory genes), and pathophysiology of fetal growth (birth outcomes, fetal growth retardation) in a population-based pregnancy cohort study. METHODS This was a nested case-control study within the prospective Wenzhou Birth Cohort including 130 fetal growth retardation (FGR) cases and 130 healthy controls and their mothers recruited from June 2016 to June 2017. FGR was diagnosed based on the comprehensive evaluation of ultrasound results at 24, 28, and 32 weeks of gestation. Neonatal birth measurements were obtained from medical records. Gestational exposure to 19 PBDEs, including 13 lower BDE congeners (BDE-17-190) and 6 higher brominated BDE congeners (BDE-196-209), were determined by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in the umbilical cord blood. Placental DNA methylation changes of one repetitive element (LINE1) and two candidate genes (HSD11B2, IGF2) were characterized by quantitative polymerase chain reaction-pyrosequencing. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression models were used to examine the associations among PBDEs exposure, fetal growth indicators, and DMR (differential methylation region) methylation fractions. Sobel tests were conducted to assess DNA methylation as a mediator in multivariate models. RESULTS After excluding women who withdrew from the study or were lost to follow-up or failed to provide placenta or umbilical cord blood, 249 mother-newborn pairs (124 FGR cases, 125 controls) were included in the final analysis. Elevated BDE-206 (OR: 1.569, 95% CIs: 1.053-2.338), BDE-17-190 (OR: 2.860, 95% CIs: 1.233-6.634), BDE-196-209 (OR: 1.688, 95% CIs: 1.024-2.783) and ∑19PBDEs (OR: 2.387, 95% CIs: 1.220-4.668) concentrations were associated with increased risk of FGR in newborns. FGR birth was also associated with increased DNA methylation of HSD11B2 (OR: 1.145, 95% CIs: 1.032-1.270) and decreased DNA methylation of IGF2 (OR: 0.892, 95% CIs: 0.845-0.941). In addition, BDE-17-190 showed significant associations with DNA methylation of HSD11B2 and IGF2 (β: 1.127, 95% CIs: 0.069-2.186; β: -3.452, 95% CIs: -5.512-1.392), indicating placental DNA methylation changes of HSD11B2 and IGF2 were related to both lower BDE congeners exposure and fetal growth. Further mediation analyses showed that IGF2 methylation mediated about 40% of the effects of BDE-17-190 in umbilical cord blood on neonatal FGR. CONCLUSION We report an inverse association between in utero exposures to PBDEs and fetal growth and provide evidence supporting epigenetic gene plasticity in these associations. Changes in placental DNA methylation might be part of the underlying biological pathway between prenatal PBDEs exposure and adverse fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingya Zhao
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (Fudan University), China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qi Song
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Division of Health Risk Factors Surveillance and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Wenzhen Ge
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuting Jin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Shangqin Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200042, China
| | - Xirong Xiao
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (Fudan University), China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Yin S, Guo F, Aamir M, Liu Y, Tang M, Liu W. Multicenter biomonitoring of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in colostrum from China: Body burden profile and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 179:108828. [PMID: 31704496 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were listed in the Stockholm Convention due to their persistent and toxic nature. In utero exposure to PBDEs might affect fetal development as it is sensitive when exposed to even low dose of xenobiotic substances during the pregnancy. In this study, a multi-centre human biomonitoring study of tri-to hexa-BDEs was conducted in three Chinese cities using 60 colostrum samples from local residents. The patterns and influencing factors, correlation with the birth outcome, and potential health risks during the breastfeeding of tri-to hexa-BDEs in the colostrum samples were assessed. The median concentration of tri-to hexa-BDEs was 9.1 (Interquartile range: 3.1-19.5) ng g-1 lipid weight, and BDE-153 contributed 68% of the detected PBDEs. The PBDE levels were mostly associated with maternal age and drinking water sources, while correlations with other factors including weight gain, BMI, parity and the number of aborted pregnancies was not significant. The level of BDE-28 was positively correlated with the birth weight, while the BDE-99 was positively correlated with the head circumference, using multilinear regression. For the total hazard quotients, 60% of the infants have an estimated value higher than 1, showed potential chronic hazard for future development and possible adverse health effects to the babies from the exposure to PBDE congeners. Alternative food source seems to have a lower risk for neonates than the colostrum, but the advantages of breastfeeding undoubtedly outweigh the risks and potential adverse health effects caused by environmental PBDEs and other xenobiotic chemical exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Institution of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fangjie Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Institution of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Aamir
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Institution of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yingxue Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Institution of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mengling Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Institution of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Matovu H, Sillanpää M, Ssebugere P. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in mothers' breast milk and associated health risk to nursing infants in Uganda. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 692:1106-1115. [PMID: 31539942 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in breast milk samples from healthy primiparous mothers who had lived in Kampala capital city (urban area) and Nakaseke district (a rural area) for the last five years. Fifty samples were collected between March and June 2018 and were extracted by dispersive solid-phase extraction (SPE). Clean-up was performed on an SPE column and analysis was done using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Total (∑) PBDEs (BDE 28, 47, 49, 66, 77, 99, 100,138,153, 154, 183 and 209) ranged from 0.59 to 8.11 ng/g lipid weight (lw). The levels of PBDEs in samples from Kampala capital city were significantly higher than those from Nakaseke (p < 0.01, Mann-Whitney U test). The most dominant congeners were BDE-209 and -47 (contributed 37.1% and 20.2%, respectively to ∑PBDEs), suggesting recent exposure of mothers to deca-and penta-BDE formulations. Fish and egg consumption, plastics/e-waste recycling and paint fumes were associated with higher levels of BDE-47, -153 and -99, respectively, implying that diet and occupation were possible sources of the pollutants. Estimated dietary intakes (ng kg-1 body weight day-1) for BDE-47, -99 and -153 were below the US EPA reference doses for neurodevelopmental toxicity, suggesting minimal health risks to nursing infants who feed on the milk. Generally, the risk quotients for BDE-47, -99 and -153 were <1 in majority (96%) samples, indicating that the breast milk of mothers in Uganda was fit for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Matovu
- Department of Chemistry, Gulu University, P. O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda; Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Laboratory of Green Chemistry, School of Engineering Science, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, 50130 Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Laboratory of Green Chemistry, School of Engineering Science, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, 50130 Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Patrick Ssebugere
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
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Abstract
Experimental data have suggested that some contaminants in the environment may increase the risk of obesity. Infants can be exposed to chemicals either prenatally, by trans-placental passage of chemicals, or postnatally by their own diet and by other external pathways (air inhalation, dust, hand-to-mouth exposure) after birth. To provide a review of epidemiological evidence on the association between prenatal exposure to chemicals and prenatal and postnatal growth, we present the literature from systematic review articles and international meta-analyses, when available, or recent research articles when summarizing articles were not available. The most studied contaminants in this field were persistent organic pollutants (e.g. organochlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls), non-persistent pollutants (e.g. phthalates, bisphenol A), toxic heavy metals (i.e. cadmium, lead and mercury), arsenic, mycotoxins and acrylamide. Mounting evidence suggests that child's growth may be associated with prenatal or postnatal exposures to environmental contaminants. Improving exposure assessment and studying the contaminants as mixtures should allow to gain knowledge about the environmental determinants of growth and obesity.
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Zheng Z, Peters GM, Arp HPH, Andersson PL. Combining in Silico Tools with Multicriteria Analysis for Alternatives Assessment of Hazardous Chemicals: A Case Study of Decabromodiphenyl Ether Alternatives. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:6341-6351. [PMID: 31081616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b07163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Alternatives assessment is applied for minimizing the risk of unintentionally replacing a hazardous chemical with another hazardous chemical. Central challenges are the diversity of properties to consider and the lack of high-quality experimental data. To address this, a novel alternatives assessment procedure was developed based on in silico data and multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods. As a case study, 16 alternatives to the flame retardant decabromodiphenyl ether were considered. The hazard properties included persistence (P), bioaccumulation potential (B), toxicities (T), and mobility in water (M). Databases were consulted and 2866 experimental data points were collected for the target chemicals; however, these were mostly replicate data points for some hazard criteria for a subset of alternatives. Therefore, in silico data and three MCDA strategies were tested including heat mapping, multiattribute utility theory (MAUT), and Elimination Et Choix Traduisant la REalité (ELECTRE III). The heat map clearly showed that none of the target chemicals are hazard-free, whereas MAUT and ELECTRE III agreed on ranking the "least worst" choices. This study identified several challenges and the complexity in the alternatives assessment processes motivating more case studies combining in silico and MCDA approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziye Zheng
- Department of Chemistry , Umeå University , SE-901 87 Umeå , Sweden
| | - Gregory M Peters
- Division of Environmental Systems Analysis , Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of New South Wales , AU-2052 Sydney , Australia
| | - Hans Peter H Arp
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Norwegian Geotechnical Institute , Ullevaal Stadion , NO-0806 Oslo , Norway
- Department of Chemistry , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , NO-7491 Trondheim , Norway
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Dembsey NA, Brokaw FM, Stapleton HM, Dodson RE, Onasch J, Jazan E, Carignan CC. Intervention to reduce gymnast exposure to flame retardants from pit foam: A case study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 127:868-875. [PMID: 30922522 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Gymnasts can have high exposures to flame retardants (FRs), which are used in gymnastics safety equipment such as the loose foam pit. Therefore, we aimed to reduce gymnast exposure to FRs by replacing the foam in the pit using foam free of additive FR and measuring personal exposure during practice using hand-wipes. To assure maintenance of fire safety we first conducted a flammability study and facilitated a fire inspection for our partner gym. The FR-treated cubes had similar heat release rates to the non-FR treated cubes, required a 11 cm larger flame size applied for 6 s longer to ignite, and took 4 min longer to reach peak flame height. Based on these findings and the presence of other fire safety measures including smoke detectors and a sprinkler system, the local fire and building departments approved replacement of the foam pit with FR-free foam. We then replaced foam in the gym's pit, verified it was free of any additive FRs, and quantified common halogenated and organophosphate FRs on hand-wipes collected from ten collegiate gymnasts before and after practice, pre- and post-intervention. We observed a 5-fold decline in the median mass of FRs found in pit foam that accumulated on hand-wipes during practice among gymnasts who used the foam pit (p = 0.02), indicating that replacing the foam in a pit using materials free of FRs can reduce gymnast exposure to these chemicals during practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Dembsey
- Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Frederick M Brokaw
- Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | | | | | - Joy Onasch
- Toxics Use Reduction Institute, University of Massachusetts at Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA.
| | - Elisa Jazan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.
| | - Courtney C Carignan
- Department Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Zhu Y, Li X, Liu J, Zhou G, Yu Y, Jing L, Shi Z, Zhou X, Sun Z. The effects of decabromodiphenyl ether on glycolipid metabolism and related signaling pathways in mice. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 222:849-855. [PMID: 30743236 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209), an addictive type flame retardant, is widely found in environments, and could affect the glycolipid metabolism. The present study was designed to investigate the potential mechanism of BDE-209 affecting glycolipid metabolism. Forty mice were randomly divided into four groups, and they were exposed to BDE-209 at dosages of 0, 7.5, 25 and 75 mg kg-1·d-1 for 28 d, respectively. The results showed that BDE-209 increased the serum levels of glucose, insulin, and triglyceride, also decreased the level of high-density lipoprotein, and damaged the structures of liver and adipose tissue in mice. BDE-209 significantly increased the protein expression of p-IRS, markedly decreased the expressions of PI3K, p-AKT, and GLUT4, significantly improved the lipid metabolism related factor expressions of p-mTOR, mTOR, PPARγ and RXRɑ, also inhibited the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the liver of mice. These results suggested that BDE-209 could affect glucose metabolism and inhibiting PI3K/AKT/GLUT4 signaling pathway resulting from improving the p-IRS expression, and interfered with lipid metabolism through activate mTOR/PPARγ/RXRα resulting from oxidative stress in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Zhu
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Guiqing Zhou
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China.
| | - Li Jing
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixiong Shi
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Xianqing Zhou
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
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Trinh MM, Tsai CL, Chang MB. Characterization of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in various aqueous samples in Taiwan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 649:388-395. [PMID: 30176451 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 20 groundwater samples and 7 surface water samples were collected and analyzed by HRGC-HRMS to evaluate the levels, congener distributions, and dissolved/solid partitioning of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in water matrix as well as the removal efficiency of a typical water treatment plant (WTP). The results indicated that the level of PBDEs concentrations ranging from 18.51 to 4212 pg/L and 30.24 to 1021 pg/L were found in groundwater and surface water, respectively. BDE-209 predominated and contributed over 90% of total PBDEs concentrations for all samples analyzed. In addition, the dissolved/solid distribution indicated that 60-80% of PBDEs were measured in solid phase. 97% of total PBDEs was removed in a WTP. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis was conducted for groundwater samples and the results indicated that 3% and 41% of PBDEs were attributed to octa and deca-BDEs commercial mixtures, respectively, while 56% resulted from anaerobic microorganism debromination process. Understanding the PBDEs occurrences, distribution and debromination process as well as their removal efficiency of water treatment plant could provide valuable information on the fate of those compounds in environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Man Trinh
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Chungli, Taiwan
| | - Ching Lan Tsai
- Environment Protection Administration, Environment Analysis Laboratory, Chungli, Taiwan
| | - Moo Been Chang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Chungli, Taiwan.
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Zhao Y, Zhou Y, Zhu Q, Xia B, Ma W, Xiao X, Shi H, Zhang Y. Determination of antibiotic concentration in meconium and its association with fetal growth and development. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 123:70-78. [PMID: 30500730 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between antibiotic use during pregnancy and neonatal birth outcomes has received considerable attention. Most of the previous assessment of antibiotic exposure during pregnancy relied on questionnaires and clinical prescriptions, and very few studies examined pregnancy exposure to antibiotics using human biomonitoring data. OBJECTIVE To explore the association between the cumulative exposure of antibiotics during the whole pregnancy and neonatal birth measurements using biomonitoring data of antibiotics in meconium. METHODS Three hundred and sixty nine pregnant women within the Maternal Psychological and Environmental Assessments of Kids Cohort Study were randomly selected into this study. Eighteen common antibiotics of six categories (six β‑lactams, three tetracyclines, four sulfonamides, one phenicols, one lincosamides and three fluoroquinolones) were selected as the target antibiotics in meconium. The measurement was conducted by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry platform. Neonatal birth measurements were obtained from the medical records. Multiple linear regression models were used to examine the associations of antibiotic exposure with neonatal birth outcome (birth weight, birth length) and placental growth indicators (placental surface area, placental weight). Logistic regressions were used to evaluate associations with small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA). RESULTS Twelve of the eighteen antibiotics were found in 62.1% of the meconium, with detection rates ranging from 0.3% to 43.9%. The three antibiotics with the highest detection rates were chlortetracycline (43.9%), penicillin (16.5%) and chloramphenicol (10.8%), respectively. The highest antibiotic concentration among detected antibiotics was penicillin (24,243.15 μg/kg). The concentration of penicillin was positively associated with the birth weight (β: 0.025; 95% CIs: 0.003-0.047). A significant positive association was also observed between the concentration of chlortetracycline and the placental surface area (β: 2.559; 95% CIs: 0.296-4.822). These associations were sex related and mainly observed in female newborns. Exposure to penicillin was also found to be associated with increased risk of LGA, which was consistent with changes in birth weight. CONCLUSIONS Pregnancy exposure to certain antibiotics was associated with altered fetal growth and development, which may affect the normal growth trajectory of infants and children in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingya Zhao
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (Fudan University), China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuhan Zhou
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (Fudan University), China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qingyang Zhu
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (Fudan University), China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bing Xia
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (Fudan University), China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenjuan Ma
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xirong Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huijing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (Fudan University), China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Qin Q, Xu X, Dai Q, Ye K, Wang C, Huo X. Air pollution and body burden of persistent organic pollutants at an electronic waste recycling area of China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:93-123. [PMID: 30171476 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0176-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews the concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in atmosphere of an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling town, Guiyu, in Southeast China, focusing on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We assess the evidence for the association between air pollution and human body burden, to provide an indication of the severity of respiratory exposure. Compared with standards and available existing data for other areas, it clearly shows that four typical POPs, derived from recycling processes, lead to serious atmospheric pollution and heavy body burden. From published data, the estimated respiratory exposure doses of Guiyu adults and children, varied between 2.48-10.37 and 3.25-13.6 ng kg-1 body weight (bw) day-1 for PBDEs, 2.31-7.6 and 4.09-13.58 pg World Health Organization-Toxic Equivalent Quantity (WHO-TEQ) kg-1 bw day-1 for PCDD/Fs, 5.57 and 20.52 ng kg-1 bw day-1 for PCBs, and 8.59-50.01 and 31.64-184.14 ng kg-1 bw day-1 for PAHs, respectively. These results show that air pollution is more harmful to children. Furthermore, except for PBDEs, the hazard quotient (HQ) of the other three pollutants was rated more than 1 by respiratory exposure only, and all of them are at risk of carcinogenesis. So we speculate these pollutants enter the body mainly through air inhalation, making respiratory exposure may be more important than dietary exposure in the Guiyu e-waste recycling area. Effective management policies and remediation techniques are urgently needed to prevent the deterioration of ambient air quality in the e-waste recycling area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Qin
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, 855 East Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou, 511486, Guangdong, China
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingyuan Dai
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, 855 East Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou, 511486, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Ye
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, 855 East Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou, 511486, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenyang Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, 855 East Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou, 511486, Guangdong, China.
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Cheng JO, Ko FC. Occurrence of PBDEs in surface sediments of metropolitan rivers: Sources, distribution pattern, and risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 637-638:1578-1585. [PMID: 29801251 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sources, concentrations, and ecological risk of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were investigated in surface sediments from 33 stations in Danshui River basin (Taiwan) in 2015. High spatial variation in total PBDEs (Σ19PBDEs) in sediments was found ranging from 2.3 to 10,490 ng g-1 dw. The effects of the physicochemical characteristics, total organic carbons (TOC) and grain size of sediments on the levels and distributions of PBDEs were investigated. Significant linear correlations were observed for PBDE concentrations with TOC (r2 = 0.45, p < 0.01) and fine sediment fraction (grain size <1 mm; r2 = 0.2, p < 0.05). Spatial distributions of Σ19PBDEs showed that sediment samples were likely impacted by point source inputs. BDE209 was the dominant congener, accounting for 77.5%-99.9% of the Σ19PBDEs in sediments suggested that commercial deca-BDE mixtures are the major sources of PBDEs in Danshui River basin. Regarding ecological risk estimation, high molecular PBDEs pose a high risk quotient (RQ > 1) to sediment dwelling organism along the 33 sampling stations, suggesting that penta-BDEs and deca-BDE are the major ecological risk drivers in the Danshui River basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-O Cheng
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Checheng, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Fung-Chi Ko
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Checheng, Pingtung, Taiwan; Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Checheng, Pingtung, Taiwan.
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Zhang W, Hou X, Huang M, Zeng X, He X, Liao Y. TDCPP protects cardiomyocytes from H2O2-induced injuries via activating PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 453:53-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Chao SJ, Huang CP, Chen PC, Chang SH, Huang C. Uptake of BDE-209 on zebrafish embryos as affected by SiO 2 nanoparticles. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 205:570-578. [PMID: 29709808 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It was hypothesized that interactions between emerging contaminants such as decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) and nanoparticles (NPs) such as nano-SiO2 (nSiO2), can affect contaminant transport in the aquatic environment and its ecotoxicity. This study assessed the influence of nSiO2 on the uptake of BDE-209 by zebrafish embryo. The distribution of BDE-209 and nSiO2 on the external chorion and the internal embryo mass (i.e., dechorionated embryo) was measured. For single exposure of nSiO2 to zebrafish embryo, separately, results showed that nSiO2 accumulation on the chorion surface was higher than that in the dechorionated embryo. The nSiO2 accumulation on the chorion surface was 129-200 mg-nSiO2/g-chorion at 48 h post fertilization, hpf, of exposure time, whereas the equilibrium adsorption of nSiO2 on the dechorionated embryo was ca. 0.42-0.54 mg-nSiO2/g-embryo at 6 hpf. Results showed that the formation of nSiO2-BDE-209 associates promoted both extracellular and intracellular uptake of BDE-209 by zebrafish embryo, thereby increasing the bioconcentration of BDE-209 on the chorion surface and in embryo. The results also revealed that the accumulation of BDE-209 on the chorion was remarkably greater than that on the dechorionated embryo at 48 hpf. The uptake of BDE-209 was 17.2 ± 0.45 mg/g-chorion (or 86 ng-BDE-209/chorionated embryo) and 0.37 ± 0.01 mg/g-embryo (or 18.6 ng-BDE-209/dechorionated embryo), respectively, when co-exposure of zebrafish embryos to BDE-209 and nSiO2. Results from the SEM and EDS analysis revealed that nSiO2 already passed through the chorion and adhered to the embryo surface/mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ju Chao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - C P Huang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, De 19716, USA
| | - Pei-Chung Chen
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsien Chang
- Department of Public Health, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Chihpin Huang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
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Chen L, Wang C, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Shi R, Cui C, Gao Y, Tian Y. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in cord blood and perinatal outcomes from Laizhou Wan Birth Cohort, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:20802-20808. [PMID: 29756186 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2158-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We explored whether polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) exposed in cord blood could have any potential relationship with perinatal outcomes. Participants were pregnant females (n = 222) who were recruited from a prospective birth cohort (Laizhou Wan Birth Cohort, LWBC) between September 2010 and February 2012. We measured eight PBDE congeners (BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-85, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, BDE-154, and BDE-183) in cord serum and examined their relationship with perinatal outcomes. The median levels of BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-85, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, BDE-154, and BDE-183 were 2.92, 3.93, 2.29, 7.03, 3.03, 3.14, 1.46, and 2.55 ng/g lipids, respectively. For each log unit increase in BDE-47, BDE-100, and ∑4PBDEs, gestational age increased by 0.70 weeks (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.25, 1.15), 0.48 weeks (95% CI 0.03, 0.94), and 0.73 weeks (95% CI 0.12, 1.34), respectively. We also found that BDE-47 was positively associated with head circumference (β = 0.42, 95% CI 0.00, 0.84). Given that our study area is one of the major brominated flame retardant production areas in China, and the cord PBDEs levels were relatively higher than those reported in most other Asian areas, more studies on the effects of in utero PBDE exposure on fetal growth and child development are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Chen
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Caifeng Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Rong Shi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chang Cui
- Research Base of Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infection Disease in China CDC, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Street ME, Angelini S, Bernasconi S, Burgio E, Cassio A, Catellani C, Cirillo F, Deodati A, Fabbrizi E, Fanos V, Gargano G, Grossi E, Iughetti L, Lazzeroni P, Mantovani A, Migliore L, Palanza P, Panzica G, Papini AM, Parmigiani S, Predieri B, Sartori C, Tridenti G, Amarri S. Current Knowledge on Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) from Animal Biology to Humans, from Pregnancy to Adulthood: Highlights from a National Italian Meeting. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1647. [PMID: 29865233 PMCID: PMC6032228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wildlife has often presented and suggested the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Animal studies have given us an important opportunity to understand the mechanisms of action of many chemicals on the endocrine system and on neurodevelopment and behaviour, and to evaluate the effects of doses, time and duration of exposure. Although results are sometimes conflicting because of confounding factors, epidemiological studies in humans suggest effects of EDCs on prenatal growth, thyroid function, glucose metabolism and obesity, puberty, fertility, and on carcinogenesis mainly through epigenetic mechanisms. This manuscript reviews the reports of a multidisciplinary national meeting on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisabeth Street
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Angelini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Sergio Bernasconi
- Former Department of Medicine, University of Parma, Via A. Catalani 10, 43123 Parma, Italy.
| | - Ernesto Burgio
- ECERI European Cancer and Environment Research Institute, Square de Meeus, 38-40, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Alessandra Cassio
- Pediatric Endocrinology Programme, Pediatrics Unit, Department of Woman, Child Health and Urologic Diseases, AOU S. Orsola-Malpighi, Via Massarenti, 11, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Catellani
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Francesca Cirillo
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Deodati
- Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy.
| | - Enrica Fabbrizi
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Augusto Murri Hospital, Via Augusto Murri, 17, 63900 Fermo, Itlay.
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Section, AOU and University of Cagliari, via Ospedale, 54, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Gargano
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Enzo Grossi
- Villa Santa Maria Institute, Neuropsychiatric Rehabilitation Center, Via IV Novembre 15, 22038 Tavernerio (Como), Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Iughetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults, Pediatrics Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo, 71, 41124 Modena, Italy.
| | - Pietro Lazzeroni
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Food and Veterinary Toxicology Unit ISS⁻National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Lucia Migliore
- Department of Traslational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 55, 56123 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Paola Palanza
- Unit of Neuroscience, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Panzica
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, 10126 Turin, Italy.
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri-Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole, 10, 10043 Orbassano (Turin), Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Papini
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Stefano Parmigiani
- Unit of Evolutionary and Functional Biology-Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability (SCVSA)-University of Parma⁻11/a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Barbara Predieri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults, Pediatrics Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo, 71, 41124 Modena, Italy.
| | - Chiara Sartori
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Tridenti
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Sergio Amarri
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
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Shin MY, Kim S, Lee S, Kim HJ, Lee JJ, Choi G, Choi S, Kim S, Kim SY, Park J, Moon HB, Choi K, Kim S. Prenatal contribution of 2, 2', 4, 4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) to total body burden in young children. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 616-617:510-516. [PMID: 29127805 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Many scientists made estimates of the body burden of PBDEs from breastmilk and house dust. Interestingly, they have not included the prenatal contribution to the body burden in young children after birth. In order to address how the prenatal contribution is important in the risk assessment of PBDEs in infants up to five years old, we used the median measurements of BDE-47 as a model chemical in 108 neonates in Korea, and made simulations of its disposition out of body from birth to five years. During the simulation periods, the environmental exposure was considered for house dust, babyfood, breastmilk consumption, etc., with assumption of typical exposure scenario applicable to general infants in Korea. About 22% of the total amounts of BDE-47 in newborn remained up to 5years after birth. The relative amounts of BDE-47 from the prenatal source were 20%, 14%, 10%, 8%, 6%, and 4% of the total body burden for 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-year after birth, respectively. The contribution from breastfeeding was 95.2% and 92.2% of the total postnatal exposure amounts at 6-month and 1-year after birth, respectively. After cease of breastfeeding at 1-yr, house dust and food were the important sources of exposure up to 5-yr; however, their contributions to the bodyburden were negligible with consideration of the remaining amounts of the analytes from the breastmilk and prenatal exposure. Suggestively, the innate amounts and pharmacokinetics should be counted in estimating bodyburden of BDE-47.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Yeon Shin
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunmi Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunggyu Lee
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hai-Joong Kim
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Jae Lee
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul 04401, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gyuyeon Choi
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul 04401, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sooran Choi
- College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22201, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungjoo Kim
- College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang 14068, Korea.
| | - Su Young Kim
- College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 36243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeongim Park
- College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyungho Choi
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungkyoon Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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46
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Kofi ED, Kweku AJ, Kweku CS, Godfred E, Paul OF. Levels of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in Some Ghanaian Water Body Environments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/rjes.2018.73.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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47
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Deodati A, Sallemi A, Maranghi F, Germani D, Puglianiello A, Baldari F, Busani L, Mancini FR, Tassinari R, Mantovani A, Cianfarani S. Serum Levels of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Girls with Premature Thelarche. Horm Res Paediatr 2018; 86:233-239. [PMID: 27035145 DOI: 10.1159/000444586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely used as flame retardants and have shown endocrine disruption properties in experimental studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the exposure to PBDEs and alterations of puberty in girls referred for idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) and premature thelarche (PT). METHODS A case-control study was conducted in 124 girls: 37 girls with ICPP (mean age 7.4 ± 0.9 years), 56 with PT (mean age 5.7 ± 2.1 years) and 31 controls (mean age 5.4 ± 1.9 years). PBDE serum concentrations, hormone levels and anthropometry were assessed. PBDE concentrations were corrected for total serum lipid content. Individual exposure to PBDEs was evaluated through ad hoc questionnaires. RESULTS PBDE serum concentrations corrected for total lipid content were significantly higher in girls with PT (mean 1.49 ± 0.63 log ng/g) than in controls (mean 1.23 ± 0.54 log ng/g; p < 0.05). PT girls showed higher levels of PBDE than ICPP girls (1.49 ± 0.63 vs. 1.37 ± 0.49 log ng/g), though this was not significant. An analysis of the questionnaires revealed no significant differences in exposure between the three groups. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that higher concentrations of serum PBDEs are associated with PT in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Deodati
- Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), 'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, 'Tor Vergata' University, Rome, Italy
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Shafei AES, Nabih ES, Shehata KA, Abd Elfatah ESM, Sanad ABA, Marey MY, Hammouda AAMA, Mohammed MMM, Mostafa R, Ali MA. Prenatal Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors and Reprogramming of Adipogenesis: An Early-Life Risk Factor for Childhood Obesity. Child Obes 2018; 14:18-25. [PMID: 29019419 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2017.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem. It is characterized by excess adipose tissue that results from either increase in the number of adipocytes or increase in adipocytes size. Adipocyte differentiation is a highly regulated process that involves the activation of several transcription factors culminating in the removal of adipocytes from the cell cycle and induction of highly specific proteins. Several other factors, including hormones, genes, and epigenetics, are among the most important triggers of the differentiation process. Although the main contributing factors to obesity are high caloric intake, a sedentary lifestyle, and genetic predisposition, strong evidence supports a role for life exposure to environmental pollutants. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals are exogenous, both natural and man-made, chemicals that disrupt the body signaling processes, thus interfering with the endocrine system. Several studies have shown that prenatal exposure to endocrine disruptors modulates the mechanisms, by which multipotent mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into adipocytes. This review discusses adipocytes differentiation and highlights the possible mechanisms of prenatal exposure to endocrine disruptors in reprogramming of adipogenesis and induction of obesity later in life. Therefore, this review provides knowledge that reduction of early life exposure to these chemicals could open the door for new strategies in the prevention of obesity, especially during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman El-Sayed Shafei
- 1 Department of Biomedical Research, Armed Forces College of Medicine , Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enas Samir Nabih
- 2 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University , Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Randa Mostafa
- 1 Department of Biomedical Research, Armed Forces College of Medicine , Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Ali
- 1 Department of Biomedical Research, Armed Forces College of Medicine , Cairo, Egypt
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Qiao L, Zheng XB, Yan X, Wang MH, Zheng J, Chen SJ, Yang ZY, Mai BX. Brominated flame retardant (BFRs) and Dechlorane Plus (DP) in paired human serum and segmented hair. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 147:803-808. [PMID: 28954370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and Dechlorane Plus (DP) were measured in both human hair and paired serum samples from a cohort of university students in South China. Segmental analysis was conducted to explore gender difference and the relationships between the hair and serum. The concentrations of total PBDEs in the hair and serum samples were in a range of 0.28-34.1ng/g dry weight (dw) and 0.16-156ng/g lipid weight (lw), respectively. Concentrations of ∑DPs (sum of the syn-DP and anti-DP isomers) in all hair samples ranged from nd-5.45ng/g dry weight. Concentrations of most PBDEs and decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE) in distal segments (5-10cm from the scalp) were higher than those in the proximal segments (0-5cm from the scalp) (t-test, p < 0.05), which could be due to the longer exposure time of distal segments. The proximal segments exhibited a unique congener profile, more close to that in the serum rather than the distal segments of hair. An obvious gender difference was found in the levels of ∑PBDEs using integrated hair samples, while the difference disappeared when considering alone the proximal segments of hair (0-5cm from scalp) for both genders. This paper provides supplement to the current knowledge on sources of BFRs and DPs in hair and declares the importance of segmental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Zheng
- College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiao Yan
- Center for Environmental Health Research, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China.
| | - Mei-Huang Wang
- Center for Environmental Health Research, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Center for Environmental Health Research, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - She-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhong-Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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50
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Li J, Tao Y, Chen S, Li H, Chen P, Wei MZ, Wang H, Li K, Mazzeo M, Duan Y. A flexible plasma-treated silver-nanowire electrode for organic light-emitting devices. Sci Rep 2017; 159:1-8. [PMID: 29184113 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver nanowires (AgNWs) are a promising candidate to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) as transparent electrode material. However, the loose contact at the junction of the AgNWs and residual surfactant polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) increase the sheet resistance of the AgNWs. In this paper, an argon (Ar) plasma treatment method is applied to pristine AgNWs to remove the PVP layer and enhance the contact between AgNWs. By adjusting the processing time, we obtained AgNWs with a sheet resistance of 7.2Ω/□ and a transmittance of 78% at 550 nm. To reduce the surface roughness of the AgNWs, a peel-off process was used to transfer the AgNWs to a flexible NOA63 substrate. Then, an OLED was fabricated with the plasma-treated AgNWs electrode as anode. The highest brightness (27000 cd/m2) and current efficiency (11.8 cd/A) was achieved with a 30 nm thick light emitting layer of tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum doped with 1% 10-(2-benzothiazolyl)-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-1H,5 H,11H-(1)-benzopyropyrano(6,7-8-I,j)quinolizin-11-one. Compared to thermal annealing, the plasma-treated AgNW film has a lower sheet resistance, a shorter processing time, and a better hole-injection. Our results indicate that plasma treatment is an effective and efficient method to enhance the conductivity of AgNW films, and the plasma-treated AgNW electrode is suitable to manufacture flexible organic optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Ye Tao
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Shufen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu Nation Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huiying Li
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Meng-Zhu Wei
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Jilin, 130012, China
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu Nation Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hu Wang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Marco Mazzeo
- Istituto di Nanotecnologia, CNR-Nanotec, c/o Campus Ecotekne via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Yu Duan
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Jilin, 130012, China.
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu Nation Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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