1
|
Buha Djordjevic A, Milovanovic V, Curcic M, Antonijevic Miljakovic E, Bulat Z, Djukic-Cosic D, Jankovic S, Vučinić S, Hayes AW, Antonijevic B. New insight into the perplexing toxic features of PCBs: A study of nephrotoxicity in an animal model. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 217:114829. [PMID: 36410460 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of PCBs on the rat kidneys with attention given to the determination critical effect dose (CED) using the Benchmark dose (BMD) approach. Male albino Wistar rats (7 animals per group) were given by oral gavage Aroclor 1254 dissolved in corn oil at doses of 0.0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 mg/kg b.w./day for 28 days. The PCB nephrotoxicity was manifested by a dose-dependent changes in serum urea levels. The study has also revealed PCB-induced oxidative stress induction in kidneys. The observed nephrotoxic effects can be partly explained by oxidative damage of lipids and proteins in the kidneys due to observed reduced CuZnSOD activity and disturbances in antioxidant protection. Аll the renal oxidative stress parameters showed dependence on PCB oral doses as well as internal, measure kidney PCB levels. Calculated BMDL values were lower than estimated no observed adverse effect levels (NOAEL) based on the study, suggesting the importance of BMD approach use in future risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović," University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia.
| | - Vesna Milovanovic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović," University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
| | - Marijana Curcic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović," University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
| | | | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović," University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
| | - Danijela Djukic-Cosic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović," University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
| | - Sasa Jankovic
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavica Vučinić
- National Poison Contol Centre, Military Medical Academy, USA
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Biljana Antonijevic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović," University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vernez D, Oltramare C, Sauvaget B, Demougeot-Renard H, Aicher L, Roth N, Rossi I, Radaelli A, Lerch S, Marolf V, Berthet A. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) soil contamination in Lausanne, Switzerland: Combining pollution mapping and human exposure assessment for targeted risk management. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120441. [PMID: 36349640 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In December 2020, high soil concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were discovered across large parts of Lausanne, Switzerland. Concentrations reached up to 640 ng TEQWHO-2005/kg dry weight. The most likely source was a former municipal waste incinerator. A three-step, multidisciplinary approach to human health risk assessment was conducted to determine the potential population exposure to PCDD/Fs and identify appropriate preventive measures. First, exposure scenarios were developed based on contaminated land uses. Second, the toxicological risks of different scenarios were evaluated using a toxicokinetic model estimating increases in blood serum PCDD/F concentrations over background concentrations from the general population's food consumption. Third, a detailed geostatistical mapping of PCDD/F soil contamination was performed. Stochastic simulations with an external drift and an anisotropic model of the variogram were generated to incorporate the effects of distance from emission source, topography, and main wind directions on the spatial distribution of PCDD/Fs in topsoil. Three main scenarios were assessed: i) direct ingestion of soil by children in playgrounds; ii) consumption of vegetables from private gardens by children and adults; and iii) consumption of food from livestock and poultry raised on contaminated soil. The worst exposure scenario involved the consumption of eggs from private hen houses, resulting in PCDD/F concentrations in serum an order of magnitude higher than might normally be expected. No relevant increases in serum concentrations were calculated for direct soil ingestion and vegetable consumption, except for cucurbitaceous vegetables. Combining mapping and exposure scenario assessment resulted in targeted protective measures for land users, especially concerning food consumption. The results also raised concerns about the potential unsafe consumption of products derived from animals raised on land with PCDD/F concentrations only moderately over environmental background levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Vernez
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Christelle Oltramare
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Lothar Aicher
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Roth
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Rossi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Arianna Radaelli
- Public Health Service, Canton of Vaud, CH-1014 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Lerch
- Ruminant Research Group, Agroscope, CH-1725 Posieux, Switzerland
| | | | - Aurélie Berthet
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mahfouz Y, Harmouche-Karaki M, Matta J, Mahfouz M, Salameh P, Younes H, Helou K, Finan R, Abi-Tayeh G, Meslimani M, Moussa G, Chahrour N, Osseiran C, Skaiky F, Narbonne JF. Serum levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in a sample of Lebanese pregnant women: The role of dietary, anthropometric, and environmental factors. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114647. [PMID: 36367504 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are unintentionally produced, toxic environmental chemicals that persist for long years and bioaccumulate along the food chain, contaminating humans through diet. A particularly critical population subgroup is pregnant women given the adverse health effects on fetuses and newborns. Several anthropogenic sources of exposure to PCDD/Fs exist in Lebanon. Therefore, the aim of the present cross-sectional study is to measure the levels of PCDD/Fs in a sample of pregnant women in Lebanon and to explore potential associated factors. In this study, we measured serum concentrations of seven dioxins and ten furans, among 423 pregnant women recruited at delivery, using gas chromatography MS/MS. Among 269 participants, maternal sociodemographic information was collected including vicinity to landfills, incineration, pesticide use, industrial activity, and smoking. Anthropometric data were registered regarding pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), pre-pregnancy weight loss from restrictive diet, and gestational weight gain. Intake of major food groups generally related to PCDD/Fs was reported (fish, red meat, poultry, and dairy). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify associations. PCDD/Fs were detected in 0 to 56.1% of the sample. Geometric mean concentrations were 75.5 (2.35) pg/g lipid and 2.25 (1.39) TEQ2005 pg/g lipid for total dioxins, and 2.66 (1.76) pg/g lipid and 0.34 (1.78) TEQ2005 pg/g lipid for total furans. Levels were relatively lower than levels previously observed in France, Germany, Mexico, Ghana, and Japan. Red meat consumption was the most consistently associated factor with a 2.38-2.57 fold increase in PCDD/F levels. Pre-pregnancy weight loss showed inverse associations with PCDD/F congeners. Vicinity to illegal incineration was also associated with a 2.32-2.43 fold increase in PCDD/F levels. In conclusion, results showed the importance of dietary, anthropometric, and environmental factors in the present sample's exposure to PCDD/Fs, in a region that contains anthropogenic sources of contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yara Mahfouz
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Medical Sciences Campus, Damascus Road, P.O.B. 11-5076, Riad Solh Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon.
| | - Mireille Harmouche-Karaki
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Medical Sciences Campus, Damascus Road, P.O.B. 11-5076, Riad Solh Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon.
| | - Joseph Matta
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Medical Sciences Campus, Damascus Road, P.O.B. 11-5076, Riad Solh Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon; Industrial Research Institute, Lebanese University Campus, Hadath Baabda, Lebanon.
| | - Maya Mahfouz
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Medical Sciences Campus, Damascus Road, P.O.B. 11-5076, Riad Solh Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon.
| | - Pascale Salameh
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon; School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; Institut National de Santé Publique d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban (INSPECT-LB), Lebanon; Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, 2417, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Hassan Younes
- UniLaSalle University, 19 Pierre Waguet Street, 60026 Beauvais, France.
| | - Khalil Helou
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Medical Sciences Campus, Damascus Road, P.O.B. 11-5076, Riad Solh Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon.
| | - Ramzi Finan
- Lebanese Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Adliye, Beit El- Tabib - 3rd Floor, Beirut, Lebanon; Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Medical Sciences Campus, Damascus Road, Beirut, Lebanon; Hotel-Dieu de France, Saint Joseph University of Beirut Hospital, Blvd Alfred Naccache, P.O.B. 166830, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Georges Abi-Tayeh
- Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Medical Sciences Campus, Damascus Road, Beirut, Lebanon; Hotel-Dieu de France, Saint Joseph University of Beirut Hospital, Blvd Alfred Naccache, P.O.B. 166830, Beirut, Lebanon; Lebanese Fertility Society, Adliye, Beit El- Tabib, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | | | - Ghada Moussa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chtoura Hospital, Zahle, Beqaa, Lebanon.
| | - Nada Chahrour
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SRH University Hospital, Nabatieh, Lebanon.
| | - Camille Osseiran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kassab Hospital, Saida, Lebanon.
| | - Farouk Skaiky
- Department of Molecular Biology, General Management, Al Karim Medical Laboratories, Saida, Lebanon; Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Saida, Lebanon.
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu X, Cao W, Liu X, Zhou Y, Wen S. Associations between Maternal Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxin and Dibenzofuran Serum Concentrations and Pulse Pressure in Early Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13785. [PMID: 36360663 PMCID: PMC9654335 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pulse pressure (PP) is the difference between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and an independent predictor of cardiovascular risk. Previous research suggests, with different conclusions, that exposure to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) could affect blood pressure (BP). We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the association of dioxin exposure with PP in early pregnancy. A total of 305 pregnant women in early pregnancy in Yingcheng, China, recruited from May 2018 to February 2021, were included in this study. We measured 17 congeners of PCDD/Fs in maternal serum via high-resolution gas chromatography tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry. A generalized linear regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of dioxin exposure and their relationships with PP. The levels of total PCDD/Fs (∑PCDD/Fs) ranged from 163.52 pg/g lipid to 1,513,949.52 pg/g lipid, with a mean of 10,474.22 pg/g lipid. The mean toxicity equivalent (TEQ) of total PCDD/Fs (∑TEQ-PCDD/Fs) was 42.03 pg/g lipid. The ratio of tetrachlorinated to octa-chlorinated congeners in maternal serum was enriched with an increasing number of chlorines. Pregnant women with college and above education had higher concentrations of ∑PCDD/Fs than those with education levels of junior high school and below (β = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.67). The adjusted model for ∑TEQ-PCDD/Fs was significantly and negatively associated with PP (β = -1.79, 95% CI: -2.91, -0.68). High levels of dioxins were found in this area, and exposure to dioxins may affect the PP of women in early pregnancy, with health risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yan Zhou
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (S.W.); Tel.: +86-027-8765-5221 (Y.Z.)
| | - Sheng Wen
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (S.W.); Tel.: +86-027-8765-5221 (Y.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tan Q, Wang M, Yu L, Liang R, Liu W, Dong C, Zhang Y, Li M, Ye Z, Wang B, Zhou M, Chen W. Associations of polychlorinated biphenyls exposure with plasma glucose and diabetes in general Chinese population: The mediating effect of lipid peroxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 308:119660. [PMID: 35738522 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) exposure has been related to the abnormal glucose metabolism and the risk of diabetes. However, the joint effects of various PCBs are uncertain and the potential mechanisms remain unclear. Our objectives were to evaluate the associations of serum PCBs with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and the risk of diabetes among a general Chinese population, and to estimate the mediating effects of oxidative stress in the above associations. Serum levels of seven indicator-PCBs (PCB-28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180) and FPG values were determined among 4498 subjects from the Wuhan-Zhuhai cohort. Oxidative DNA damage biomarker (urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, 8-OHdG) and lipid peroxidation biomarker (urinary 8-isoprostane, 8-iso-PGF2α) were also measured. Positive relationships of serum PCBs with FPG values as well as the risk of diabetes were observed. With each 1% increment in the natural log-transformed values of wet weight serum PCBs, FPG levels increased a 0.125% for PCB-52, 0.168% for PCB-118, 0.221% for PCB-138, 0.273% for PCB-153, and 0.379% for ΣPCB (the sum of seven PCBs). The adjusted odds ratios of diabetes associated with wet weight PCBs were 1.186 for PCB-52, 1.373 for PCB-118, 1.635 for PCB-153, and 1.456 for ΣPCB. The seven serum PCBs showed positive overall effect on the risk of diabetes. Elevated PCB-28, PCB-52, PCB-118, PCB-138, PCB-153, and ΣPCB were associated with the increased urinary 8-iso-PGF2α, which was positively related with FPG values. Furthermore, urinary 8-iso-PGF2α partially mediated the positive associations between PCBs and FPG values, with the mediated proportions ranged from 3.20 to 12.93%. In conclusion, our results suggested that serum PCBs were positively related with increased oxidative stress, FPG values, and the risk of diabetes among a general Chinese population. Serum PCBs mixture had positive overall effect on the risk of diabetes. Lipid peroxidation partly mediated the FPG elevation induced by PCB exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiyou Tan
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Mengyi Wang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Linling Yu
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ruyi Liang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Chaoqian Dong
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yongfang Zhang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Minjing Li
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zi Ye
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Peng J, Jiang Y, Ai C, Liu Y, Lin X, Zhou J, Zhang J. Body burden and influencing factors of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in male workers from a municipal waste incineration plant in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 305:119272. [PMID: 35413407 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) from municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) have aroused public concern around the world. However, biomonitoring evidence regarding the influence of MSWIs on the human body burden of PCDD/Fs is scarce. The aim of this study is to investigate the human body burden levels of PCDD/Fs in MSWI workers and to further explore the potential influencing factors, including duration of occupation and dietary habits, on the PCDD/F levels. A total of 98 paired serum samples from MSWI workers and non-MSWI workers were collected. Seventeen 2,3,7,8-chlorine substituted PCDD/Fs in the serums were analyzed using an isotope dilution high-resolution gas chromatograph/high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRGC/HRMS). The results showed that the mean levels of toxic equivalent (TEQ)-PCDD/Fs for the MSWI workers and the control group were 18.28 pg TEQ g-1 lipid and 5.81 pg TEQ g-1 lipid, respectively. Significantly higher concentrations of PCDD/Fs existed in the incinerator workers compared with the control subjects after adjustment of the confounding factors. OCDD was the most abundant congener in both the MSWI workers and the control subjects, accounting for 82.2% and 89.4% of the ∑17PCDD/Fs, respectively. The serum levels of PCDFs in the MSWI workers increased with the duration of occupation (β = 0.498, P = 0.031), and a higher total concentration of PCDD/Fs were present in senior workers classified as production supervisors than routine operation staff (β = 8.809, P = 0.008). No significant relationship was found between the PCDD/F concentrations and dietary habits. This study was the first to explore the associations between the body burden of PCDD/Fs and occupational exposure as well as dietary intake of MSWI workers in China. The findings provide scientific information for health risk assessments of human exposure to PCDD/Fs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Peng
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Yousheng Jiang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Chunyan Ai
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, 518017, PR China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Xiaoshi Lin
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in the Environment: Occupational and Exposure Events, Effects on Human Health and Fertility. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10070365. [PMID: 35878270 PMCID: PMC9323099 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10070365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade or so, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) garnered renewed attention in the scientific community due to new evidence pointing at their continued presence in the environment and workplaces and the potential human risks related to their presence. PCBs move from the environment to humans through different routes; the dominant pathway is the ingestion of contaminated foods (fish, seafood and dairy products), followed by inhalation (both indoor and outdoor air), and, to a lesser extent, dust ingestion and dermal contact. Numerous studies reported the environmental and occupational exposure to these pollutants, deriving from building materials (flame-retardants, plasticizers, paints, caulking compounds, sealants, fluorescent light ballasts, etc.) and electrical equipment. The highest PCBs contaminations were detected in e-waste recycling sites, suggesting the need for the implementation of remediation strategies of such polluted areas to safeguard the health of workers and local populations. Furthermore, a significant correlation between PCB exposure and increased blood PCB concentrations was observed in people working in PCB-contaminated workplaces. Several epidemiological studies suggest that environmental and occupational exposure to high concentrations of PCBs is associated with different health outcomes, such as neuropsychological and neurobehavioral deficits, dementia, immune system dysfunctions, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. In addition, recent studies indicate that PCBs bioaccumulation can reduce fertility, with harmful effects on the reproductive system that can be passed to offspring. In the near future, further studies are needed to assess the real effects of PCBs exposure at low concentrations for prolonged exposure in workplaces and specific indoor environments.
Collapse
|
8
|
A Review of Soil Contaminated with Dioxins and Biodegradation Technologies: Current Status and Future Prospects. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10060278. [PMID: 35736887 PMCID: PMC9227754 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10060278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive assessment of dioxins contaminating the soil and evaluates the bioremediation technology currently being widely used, and also offers recommendations for future prospects. Soil pollution containing dioxins is extremely toxic and hazardous to human health and the environment. Dioxin concentrations in soils around the world are caused by a variety of sources and outcomes, but the main sources are from the consequences of war and human activities. Bioremediation technology (bioaugmentation, biostimulation, and phytoremediation) is considered an optimal and environmentally friendly technology, with the goal of applying native microbial communities and using plant species with a high biomass to treat contaminated dioxins in soil. The powerful bioremediation system is the growth of microorganisms that contribute to the increased mutualistic and competitive relationships between different strains of microorganisms. Although biological treatment technology can thoroughly treat contaminated dioxins in soil with high efficiency, the amount of gas generated and Cl radicals dispersed after the treatment process remains high. Further research on the subject is required to provide stricter control over the outputs noted in this study.
Collapse
|
9
|
Iamiceli AL, Abate V, Abballe A, Bena A, De Filippis SP, Dellatte E, De Luca S, Fulgenzi AR, Iacovella N, Ingelido AM, Ivaldi C, Marra V, Miniero R, Valentini S, Farina E, Gandini M, Orengia M, Procopio E, Salamina G, De Felip E. Biomonitoring of the adult population living near the waste incinerator of Turin: Serum concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs after three years from the plant start-up. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 272:129882. [PMID: 33588142 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In September 2013 a waste-to-energy (WTE) incinerator located in the Turin area (Piedmont, Northern Italy) started to produce energy by the incineration of municipal solid wastes. The plant, one of the largest WTE incinerator in Europe, burns up to 490,000 tons of waste per year. A health surveillance program was implemented in order to evaluate the potential health effects on the population living near the plant. This program included a biomonitoring study aimed at assessing levels of several environmental contaminants including, among others, PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs. Before the WTE incinerator start-up (T0), a group of 85 subjects (41 "exposed" and 44 "not exposed" subjects) was randomly selected for enrollment by the local health units among individuals aged 36-50 years who had been living in the same area for at least five years prior to the study. Subjects were balanced by exposure area, sex and five-year age classes. As from the study design, the same cohort was re-evaluated after three years of incinerator activity (T2). A parallel study was conducted on a group of 12 farmers living and/or working in farms located in an area in the range of 5 km around the incinerator. Results of this study did not evidence any impact of the WTE plant on human exposure to PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs. In fact, no significant differences were found in the concentrations of PCDDs + PCDFs, DL-PCBs, and NDL-PCBs measured in the population group residing near the plant after three years of activity (T2) with respect to the control group. A significant decrease of serum concentrations of all the analytes was observed at T2 in both groups compared to T0. Serum concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs in the group of farmers were higher than those observed in the adult population under study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A L Iamiceli
- Italian National Institute for Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - V Abate
- Italian National Institute for Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - A Abballe
- Italian National Institute for Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - A Bena
- Department of Epidemiology -ASL TO3, Via Sabaudia 164, Grugliasco (Turin), Italy
| | - S P De Filippis
- Italian National Institute for Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - E Dellatte
- Italian National Institute for Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - S De Luca
- Italian National Institute for Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - A R Fulgenzi
- Italian National Institute for Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - N Iacovella
- Italian National Institute for Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - A M Ingelido
- Italian National Institute for Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - C Ivaldi
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Regional Environmental Protection Agency, Via Pio VII 9, 10135, Turin, Italy
| | - V Marra
- Italian National Institute for Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - R Miniero
- Italian National Institute for Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - S Valentini
- Italian National Institute for Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - E Farina
- Department of Epidemiology -ASL TO3, Via Sabaudia 164, Grugliasco (Turin), Italy
| | - M Gandini
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Regional Environmental Protection Agency, Via Pio VII 9, 10135, Turin, Italy
| | - M Orengia
- Department of Epidemiology -ASL TO3, Via Sabaudia 164, Grugliasco (Turin), Italy
| | - E Procopio
- Department of Prevention, ASL TO3, Piazza San Francesco 4, Susa (Turin), Italy
| | - G Salamina
- Department of Prevention, ASL TO1, Via Della Consolata 10, Turin, Italy
| | - E De Felip
- Italian National Institute for Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Latchney SE, Majewska AK. Persistent organic pollutants at the synapse: Shared phenotypes and converging mechanisms of developmental neurotoxicity. Dev Neurobiol 2021; 81:623-652. [PMID: 33851516 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The developing nervous system is sensitive to environmental and physiological perturbations in part due to its protracted period of prenatal and postnatal development. Epidemiological and experimental studies link developmental exposures to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) including polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and benzo(a)pyrene to increased risk for neurodevelopmental disorders in children. Mechanistic studies reveal that many of the complex cellular processes that occur during sensitive periods of rapid brain development are cellular targets for developmental neurotoxicants. One area of research interest has focused on synapse formation and plasticity, processes that involve the growth and retraction of dendrites and dendritic spines. For each chemical discussed in this review, we summarize the morphological and electrophysiological data that provide evidence that developmental POP exposure produces long-lasting effects on dendritic morphology, spine formation, glutamatergic and GABAergic signaling systems, and synaptic transmission. We also discuss shared intracellular mechanisms, with a focus on calcium and thyroid hormone homeostasis, by which these chemicals act to modify synapses. We conclude our review highlighting research gaps that merit consideration when characterizing synaptic pathology elicited by chemical exposure. These gaps include low-dose and nonmonotonic dose-response effects, the temporal relationship between dendritic growth, spine formation, and synaptic activity, excitation-inhibition balance, hormonal effects, and the need for more studies in females to identify sex differences. By identifying converging pathological mechanisms elicited by POP exposure at the synapse, we can define future research directions that will advance our understanding of these chemicals on synapse structure and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Latchney
- Department of Biology, St. Mary's College of Maryland, St. Mary's City, MD, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ania K Majewska
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kean EF, Shore RF, Scholey G, Strachan R, Chadwick EA. Persistent pollutants exceed toxic thresholds in a freshwater top predator decades after legislative control. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:116415. [PMID: 33421660 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Declining emissions of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), subject to international control under the Stockholm convention, are not consistently reflected in biotic samples. To assess spatial and temporal variation in organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in UK freshwaters, we analysed tissues of a sentinel predator, the Eurasian otter, Lutra lutra between 1992 and 2009. Past declines in otter populations have been linked to POPs and it is unclear whether otter recovery is hampered in any areas by their persistence. PCBs, DDT (and derivatives), dieldrin and HCB were detected in over 80% of 755 otter livers sampled. Concentrations of ∑PCB, ∑DDT and dieldrin in otter livers declined across the UK, but there was no significant time trend for ∑PCB-TEQ (WHO toxic equivalency, Van den Berg et al., 2006) or HCB. In general, higher concentrations were found in the midlands and eastern regions, and lowest concentrations in western regions. Concentrations of PCBs and HCB in otters increased near the coast, potentially reflecting higher pollutant levels in estuarine systems. Decades after legislative controls, concentrations of these legacy pollutants still pose a risk to otters and other freshwater predators, with spatially widespread exceedance of thresholds above which reproduction or survival has been reduced in related species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E F Kean
- Cardiff University, Biomedical Science Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - R F Shore
- Deceased, formerly at UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, UK
| | - G Scholey
- Environment Agency, Red Kite House, Howbery Park, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BD, UK
| | - R Strachan
- Deceased, formerly at Natural Resources Wales, UK
| | - E A Chadwick
- Cardiff University, Biomedical Science Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Eskenazi B, Ames J, Rauch S, Signorini S, Brambilla P, Mocarelli P, Siracusa C, Holland N, Warner M. Dioxin exposure associated with fecundability and infertility in mothers and daughters of Seveso, Italy. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:794-807. [PMID: 33367671 PMCID: PMC7891815 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deaa324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is there an association between 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure and fecundability and infertility among Seveso women and their daughters? SUMMARY ANSWER TCDD exposure is associated with a decrease in fecundability and increased risk of infertility in women, as well as their daughters. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY In animal studies, maternal exposure to TCDD is associated with decreased fertility in offspring. Effects of TCDD are mediated by activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The Seveso Women's Health Study (SWHS) has followed 981 women exposed to TCDD in a 1976 accident since 1996. In 2014, we initiated the Seveso Second Generation Study to follow-up their children. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We obtained information on pregnancy history including time of trying to conceive from SWHS women and their daughters who were 18 years or older. We considered TCDD exposure as initial 1976 serum TCDD concentration and estimated TCDD at pregnancy. We examined relationships of TCDD exposure with time to pregnancy (TTP, the monthly probability of conception within the first 12 months of trying) and infertility (≥12 months of trying to conceive). We also assessed contributions of polymorphisms in the AHR pathway via genetic risk score. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Among SWHS women (n = 446), median TTP was 3 months and 18% reported taking ≥12 months to conceive. Initial 1976 TCDD (log10) was associated with longer TTP (adjusted fecundability odds ratio = 0.82; 95% CI 0.68-0.98) and increased risk of infertility (adjusted relative risk = 1.35; 95% CI 1.01-1.79). TCDD at pregnancy yielded similar associations. Among SWHS daughters (n = 66), median TTP was 2 months and 11% reported taking ≥12 months to conceive. Daughters showed similar, but non-significant, associations with maternal TCDD exposure. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION A limitation of this study is time to pregnancy was reported retrospectively, although previous studies have found women are able to recall time to conception with a high degree of accuracy many years after the fact. The number of SWHS daughters who had a live birth was small and we were unable to examine fecundability of SWHS sons. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Consistent with previous findings in animal studies, our study found that TCDD exposure may be associated with decreased fertility in Seveso mothers and potentially in their daughters exposed in utero. There may be susceptible genetic subgroups. The literature has largely considered the genetics of the AHR pathway in the context of male fertility but not female fertility, despite strong biological plausibility. These findings should be replicated in larger populations and of different ancestry. Future studies in Seveso should examine the sons and the grandchildren of exposed mothers given the animal literature suggesting potential heritable epigenetic effects. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by grant numbers F06 TW02075-01 from the National Institutes of Health, R01 ES07171 and 2P30-ESO01896-17 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, R82471 from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and #2896 from Regione Lombardia and Fondazione Lombardia Ambiente, Milan, Italy. J.A. was supported by F31ES026488 from the National Institutes of Health. The authors declare they have no actual or potential competing financial interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Ames
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Rauch
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Stefano Signorini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, School of Medicine, Hospital of Desio, Desio-Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, School of Medicine, Hospital of Desio, Desio-Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Mocarelli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, School of Medicine, Hospital of Desio, Desio-Milano, Italy
| | - Claudia Siracusa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, School of Medicine, Hospital of Desio, Desio-Milano, Italy
| | - Nina Holland
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Marcella Warner
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
García F, Barbería E, Torralba P, Landin I, Laguna C, Marquès M, Nadal M, Domingo JL. Decreasing temporal trends of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in adipose tissue from residents near a hazardous waste incinerator. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:141844. [PMID: 32861949 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) are very toxic chemicals which are emitted in waste incineration and whose exposure has important adverse effects for the human health. In 2019, adipose tissue samples were collected from 15 individuals with a median age of 61 years, who had been living near a hazardous waste incinerator in Constantí (Spain). The content of PCDD/Fs in each sample was analyzed. The results were compared with data from previous studies, conducted before (1998) and after (2002, 2007 and 2013) the facility started to operate, and based on populations of similar age. In 2019, the mean concentration of PCDD/Fs in adipose tissue was 6.63 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat, ranging from 0.95 to 12.95 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat. A significant reduction was observed with respect to the baseline study (1998), when a mean PCDD/Fs concentration of 40.1 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat was found. Moreover, the current level was much lower than those observed in the 3 previous studies (9.89, 14.6 and 11.5 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat in 2002, 2007 and 2013, respectively). The body burdens of PCDD/Fs were strongly correlated with age. The significant reduction of PCDD/Fs levels in adipose tissue fully agreed with the decreasing trend of the dietary intake of PCDD/Fs by the population of the zone (from 210.1 pg I-TEQ/day in 2018 to 8.54 pg WHO-TEQ/day in 2018). Furthermore, a similar decrease has been also observed in other biological, such as breast milk and plasma. The current data in adipose tissue, as well as those in other biological monitors, indicate that the population living near the HWI is not particularly exposed to high levels of PCDD/Fs. However, biomonitoring studies cannot differentiate the impact of the HWI emissions from food consumption patterns. This question can be only solved by conducting complementary investigations and contrasting the results of monitoring and epidemiological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco García
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Medicina Legal i Ciències Forenses, Divisió de Tarragona, Rambla del President Lluís Companys 10, 43005 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eneko Barbería
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Medicina Legal i Ciències Forenses, Divisió de Tarragona, Rambla del President Lluís Companys 10, 43005 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pilar Torralba
- Institut de Medicina Legal i Ciències Forenses, Divisió de Tarragona, Rambla del President Lluís Companys 10, 43005 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Inés Landin
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Medicina Legal i Ciències Forenses, Divisió de Tarragona, Rambla del President Lluís Companys 10, 43005 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carlos Laguna
- Institut de Medicina Legal i Ciències Forenses, Divisió de Tarragona, Rambla del President Lluís Companys 10, 43005 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montse Marquès
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Raffetti E, Donato F, De Palma G, Leonardi L, Sileo C, Magoni M. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and risk of dementia and Parkinson disease: A population-based cohort study in a North Italian highly polluted area. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 261:127522. [PMID: 32712378 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been associated with some chronic diseases, but little evidence exists on their possible relationship with neurodegenerative diseases. We aimed to assess the relationship between PCB exposure and the occurrence of dementia and Parkinson disease in a prospective cohort study in a highly polluted area (Brescia-Caffaro). METHODS PCB exposure was assessed by measuring serum levels of 24 congeners. Data on the onset of dementia and Parkinson disease were retrieved by the Brescia Health Protection Agency Database. We used Poisson regression models adjusted for possible confounders to calculate rate ratios (RRs). A mediation analysis was performed to evaluate the mediatory role of cardiovascular diseases. RESULTS 699 subjects without neurologic diseases at baseline were enrolled (48.1% males, 63.2 years of mean age) in 2001-2013 and followed up to 2018. During a mean follow-up of 8.8 years, 36 and 20 subjects developed dementia and Parkinson disease. Subjects in the 2nd and 3rd tertiles of the total PCBs distribution, compared with those in the 1st tertile, had a higher risk of dementia (RR = 2.30 and RR = 4.35). The estimates for Parkinson disease included the null value with wide confidence intervals. In the mediation analysis, the association between PCB exposure and dementia was dominated by the direct pathway and not by the hypertension-mediated pathway. CONCLUSIONS We observed a positive association between total PCBs serum levels and the onset of dementia not mediated by hypertension. For Parkinson, the unstable risk estimates did not allow to draw a conclusion on a possible association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Raffetti
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Italy; ATS Brescia (Brescia Health Protection Agency), Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy.
| | - Francesco Donato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Palma
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Institute of Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, University of Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Sileo
- ATS Brescia (Brescia Health Protection Agency), Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bartalini A, Muñoz-Arnanz J, Baini M, Panti C, Galli M, Giani D, Fossi MC, Jiménez B. Relevance of current PCB concentrations in edible fish species from the Mediterranean Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 737:139520. [PMID: 32531508 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Legal restrictions and bans have led to a steady decrease in PCB environmental concentrations. Yet, in recent years PCBs have been found at very high levels in the Mediterranean Sea, for instance, in some apex predators. This work aimed to investigate current PCB (eighteen congeners: #28,52,77,81,101,105,114,118,123,126,138,153,156,157,167,169,180,189) concentrations in the Mediterranean Sea and their relevance today, focusing on their occurrence in edible fish species typically consumed in the Mediterranean diet. In spring 2017, a total of 48 fish samples from the Northern Thyrrenian Sea were collected: 16 specimens of sardine (Sardina pilchardus), 16 of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and 16 of bogue (Boops boops). PCBs were quantified in the muscle of the animals by means of GC-QqQ-MS. They were found in all samples at the greatest concentrations (ng/g w.w.) in sardine (4.15-17.9, range), and very similar values between anchovy (1.01-7.08) and bogue (1.46-7.22). WHO-TEQ PCB values followed the same order, i.e. sardine (0.410-1.24, range in pg/g w.w.) > anchovy (0.0778-0.396) ~ bogue (0.0726-0.268). These concentrations lied below the European limits of 75 ng/g (w.w.) for the six indicator PCBs and 6.5 pg/g WHO-TEQ for dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in muscle meat of fish. Additionally, estimated weekly intakes (EWI, in pg WHO-TEQ/Kg/week) for sardine (1.2), anchovy (0.29) and bogue (0.35) scored below the safe value proposed by EFSA of 2 pg WHO-TEQ/Kg/week. When comparing with data reported for the same species in previous Mediterranean studies, values found here were lower than those surveyed in the late 90s and early 2000s; however, they were often not notably different from concentrations reported in last years. This builds up on the concept of a current slow decrease of PCBs in the Mediterranean Sea, likely linked to new inputs and/or remobilization of burdens, and reinforces the need of continous monitoring of these legacy contaminants still ubiquitous today.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Bartalini
- Department of Environmental, Earth and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli 4, Siena, Italy; Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Muñoz-Arnanz
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Baini
- Department of Environmental, Earth and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli 4, Siena, Italy
| | - C Panti
- Department of Environmental, Earth and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli 4, Siena, Italy
| | - M Galli
- Department of Environmental, Earth and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli 4, Siena, Italy
| | - D Giani
- Department of Environmental, Earth and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli 4, Siena, Italy
| | - M C Fossi
- Department of Environmental, Earth and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli 4, Siena, Italy
| | - B Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Raffetti E, Donat-Vargas C, Mentasti S, Chinotti A, Donato F. Association between exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and risk of hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 255:126984. [PMID: 32679627 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Experimental and epidemiological studies have suggested an association between exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), ubiquitous environmental toxic compounds, and the risk of hypertension. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies of the association between PCB exposure and the risk of hypertension. Studies were identified by searching PubMed, Embase and Web of Science and by reviewing reference lists. Study-specific risk estimates comparing the highest versus lowest quantile of PCB distribution were combined using random-effects models. We identified 10 cross-sectional studies, 6 cohort studies, and 1 nested case-control study. A pooled excess risk of hypertension was found for total PCBs (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.28-2.26), dioxin-like (DL)-PCBs (OR 1.46, 1.19-1.79), but not for non-dioxin like (NDL)-PCBs (OR 1.19, 0.81-1.73) comparing the highest with the lowest quartile of the distribution. According to a dose-response meta-analysis, a linear dose-effect relationship was found for total PCBs [OR 2.23 (95% CI: 1.59-3.14) for 1000 ng PCB/g lipid increase]. This positive association remained when stratifying the analyses by study design (cohort vs cross-sectional studies) and population (general population vs high exposed workers/residents). Among single PCB congeners, DL-PCB 105 and 118, and non-DL-PCB138 and 153 were related to hypertension. In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggests that exposure to PCBs, particularly to DL-PCBs, may be a risk factor for hypertension, independently of other risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Raffetti
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
| | - Carolina Donat-Vargas
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain; CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Mentasti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chinotti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Donato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mariné Barjoan E, Doulet N, Chaarana A, Festraëts J, Viot A, Ambrosetti D, Lasalle JL, Mounier N, Bailly L, Pradier C. Cancer incidence in the vicinity of a waste incineration plant in the Nice area between 2005 and 2014. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 188:109681. [PMID: 32562946 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few studies on cancer incidence have been conducted since the adoption of the EU 2000/76/EC waste incineration directive which aimed to limit dioxin emission levels to less than 0.1 ng TEQ/m3 before December 31, 2005. OBJECTIVE To measure cancer incidence among the population exposed to atmospheric emissions from the waste incineration plant near the town of Nice (South-Eastern France), compared to the unexposed population of the Alpes-Maritimes department (A-M). METHODS All primary invasive cancers and haematological malignancies diagnosed among AM residents between 2005 and 2014 were recorded. The exposed surface was modeled on an average dioxin deposition model ≥4.25 ng/m2/year. Each case was geolocated and assigned to one of 36 predefined geographic units of exposed area, or one of 462 units in the unexposed area. The adjusted incidence rate, the standardized incidence ratio and the Comparative Morbidity Figure were calculated for two periods: 2005-2009/2010-2014. RESULTS We recorded 80,865 new cancers in the A-M population. Between 2005 and 2009, we observed a higher incidence among exposed women of acute myeloid leukaemia, myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloma and, among exposed men, of soft tissue sarcomas, myeloma and lung cancer. Between 2010 and 2014, there was no excess incidence among women, while among men incidence of myeloma and lung cancer remained higher. CONCLUSION Only among men, the incidence of myeloma and lung cancer remained higher in the exposed area during the second period. The EU directive resulting in the limitation of atmospheric emissions from incinerators could explain the decrease in incidence of cancers with protracted latency. Consideration of other risk factors and further data collection will be necessary to validate this hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugènia Mariné Barjoan
- Université Côte d'Azur, Public Health Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, France.
| | - Nadège Doulet
- Université Côte d'Azur, Public Health Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, France
| | - Amel Chaarana
- Université Côte d'Azur, Public Health Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, France
| | - Julie Festraëts
- Université Côte d'Azur, Public Health Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, France
| | - Agnès Viot
- Université Côte d'Azur, Public Health Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, France
| | - Damien Ambrosetti
- Université Côte d'Azur, Anatomo-Pathology Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, France; Centre de Regroupement Informatique et Statistique en Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique (CRISAP PACA), France
| | - Jean-Luc Lasalle
- Santé Publique France, Regional Office Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur and Corsica, France
| | - Nicolas Mounier
- Université Côte d'Azur, Clinical Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, France
| | - Laurent Bailly
- Université Côte d'Azur, Public Health Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, France
| | - Christian Pradier
- Université Côte d'Azur, Public Health Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bao Y, Zhang L, Liu X, Shi L, Li J, Meng G, Zhao Y, Wu Y. Dioxin-like compounds in paired maternal serum and breast milk under long sampling intervals. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 194:110339. [PMID: 32143103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Serum and breast milk are both important biological samples to evaluate body burden of dioxin-like compounds which include polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs). We collected maternal serum at early pregnancy, and breast milk at 3-8 weeks after delivery from 55 mothers living in Beijing, China, and measured 29 dioxin-like compounds in these samples. The sampling intervals in this study were extended up to 10 months to analyze differences of contents between serum and breast milk under long sampling intervals. The results showed that mean TEq level of PCDD/Fs in serum (9.8 pg TEq g-1 lipid) was 1.7 times higher than that in milk (4.5 pg TEq g-1 lipid), while the TEq concentrations of dl-PCBs in serum (1.2 pg TEq g-1 lipid) was significantly lower than that in milk (2.0 pg TEq g-1 lipid). There were only two congeners, OCDD (r = 0.32) and PCB105 (r = 0.33), the correlations of which between serum and milk were significant. The differences in distributions of congeners in serum and milk might be influenced by number of chlorine substituents and structures of congeners. In addition, maternal age and BMI were positively and negatively correlated with mass concentrations of dioxin-like compounds in milk and serum respectively. These results suggest that, compared with serum, it is limited to use breast milk to assess long-term exposure for the wider population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Bao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xin Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Lei Shi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Jingguang Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Guimin Meng
- Beijing Fengtai Hospital Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Raffetti E, Donato F, De Palma G, Leonardi L, Sileo C, Magoni M. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and risk of hypertension: A population-based cohort study in a North Italian highly polluted area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 714:136660. [PMID: 32018953 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the longitudinal association between PCB exposure and the subsequent occurrence of hypertension in a highly polluted area. The study subjects had at least one PCB serum measurement between 2003 and 2014 and were followed up to the end of 2017. Hypertension cases were obtained from the Brescia Health Protection Agency database. Risk ratios of hypertension for total PCBs, high-, middle- and low-chlorinated groups and some common congeners were estimated using Poisson regression models. 1031 subjects were included (43.4% males, mean age 45.3 years). 229 subjects developed hypertension during the follow-up. Total PCBs, middle- and high-chlorinated PCBs, and particularly PCB congeners 138, 153 and 180 were associated with an about 2-fold increased risk of hypertension comparing the third with first tertile of distribution. After lipid-standardization of PCB serum values, the excess risk showed only a slight attenuation. A dose-response linear relationship of the risk of hypertension by PCB serum concentrations as continuous variables was also observed. The PCBs-hypertension association was stronger in overweight/obese subjects than those with normal body mass index. In this prospective cohort study the serum levels of total and middle to high chlorinated (≥6 Cl) PCBs were associated with an increased risk of hypertension, particularly among overweight/obese subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Raffetti
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy; ATS Brescia (Brescia Health Protection Agency), Brescia, Italy.
| | - Francesco Donato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe De Palma
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Institute of Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, University of Brescia, Italy.
| | - Lucia Leonardi
- ATS Brescia (Brescia Health Protection Agency), Brescia, Italy.
| | - Claudio Sileo
- ATS Brescia (Brescia Health Protection Agency), Brescia, Italy.
| | - Michele Magoni
- ATS Brescia (Brescia Health Protection Agency), Brescia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Serum biomarkers from cell-based assays for AhRL and MIS strongly predicted the future development of diabetes in a large community-based prospective study in Korea. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6339. [PMID: 32286339 PMCID: PMC7156500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62550-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to environment-polluting chemicals (EPC) is associated with the development of diabetes. Many EPCs exert toxic effects via aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and/or mitochondrial inhibition. Here we investigated if the levels of human exposure to a mixture of EPC and/or mitochondrial inhibitors could predict the development of diabetes in a prospective study, the Korean Genome and Epidemiological Study (KoGES). We analysed AhR ligands (AhRL) and mitochondria-inhibiting substances (MIS) in serum samples (n = 1,537), collected during the 2008 Ansung KoGES survey with a 4-year-follow-up. Serum AhRL, determined by the AhR-dependent luciferase reporter assay, represents the contamination level of AhR ligand mixture in serum. Serum levels of MIS, analysed indirectly by MIS-ATP or MIS-ROS, are the serum MIS-induced mitochondria inhibiting effects on ATP content or reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the cultured cells. Among 919 normal subjects at baseline, 7.1% developed impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 1.6% diabetes after 4 years. At the baseline, diabetic and IGT sera displayed higher AhRL and MIS than normal sera, which correlated with indices of insulin resistance. When the subjects were classified according to ROC cut-off values, fully adjusted relative risks of diabetes development within 4 years were 7.60 (95% CI, 4.23–13.64), 4.27 (95% CI, 2.38–7.64), and 21.11 (95% CI, 8.46–52.67) for AhRL ≥ 2.70 pM, MIS-ATP ≤ 88.1%, and both, respectively. Gender analysis revealed that male subjects with AhRL ≥ 2.70 pM or MIS-ATP ≤ 88.1% showed higher risk than female subjects. High serum levels of AhRL and/or MIS strongly predict the future development of diabetes, suggesting that the accumulation of AhR ligands and/or mitochondrial inhibitors in body may play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes.
Collapse
|
21
|
Klocke C, Sethi S, Lein PJ. The developmental neurotoxicity of legacy vs. contemporary polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): similarities and differences. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:8885-8896. [PMID: 31713823 PMCID: PMC7220795 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06723-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Although banned from production for decades, PCBs remain a significant risk to human health. A primary target of concern is the developing brain. Epidemiological studies link PCB exposures in utero or during infancy to increased risk of neuropsychiatric deficits in children. Nonclinical studies of legacy congeners found in PCB mixtures synthesized prior to the ban on PCB production suggest that non-dioxin-like (NDL) congeners are predominantly responsible for the developmental neurotoxicity associated with PCB exposures. Mechanistic studies suggest that NDL PCBs alter neurodevelopment via ryanodine receptor-dependent effects on dendritic arborization. Lightly chlorinated congeners, which were not present in the industrial mixtures synthesized prior to the ban on PCB production, have emerged as contemporary environmental contaminants, but there is a paucity of data regarding their potential developmental neurotoxicity. PCB 11, a prevalent contemporary congener, is found in the serum of children and their mothers, as well as in the serum of pregnant women at increased risk for having a child diagnosed with a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD). Recent data demonstrates that PCB 11 modulates neuronal morphogenesis via mechanisms that are convergent with and divergent from those implicated in the developmental neurotoxicity of legacy NDL PCBs. This review summarizes these data and discusses their relevance to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Klocke
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Sunjay Sethi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Pamela J Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Klocke C, Lein PJ. Evidence Implicating Non-Dioxin-Like Congeners as the Key Mediators of Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Developmental Neurotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1013. [PMID: 32033061 PMCID: PMC7037228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being banned from production for decades, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) continue to pose a significant risk to human health. This is due to not only the continued release of legacy PCBs from PCB-containing equipment and materials manufactured prior to the ban on PCB production, but also the inadvertent production of PCBs as byproducts of contemporary pigment and dye production. Evidence from human and animal studies clearly identifies developmental neurotoxicity as a primary endpoint of concern associated with PCB exposures. However, the relative role(s) of specific PCB congeners in mediating the adverse effects of PCBs on the developing nervous system, and the mechanism(s) by which PCBs disrupt typical neurodevelopment remain outstanding questions. New questions are also emerging regarding the potential developmental neurotoxicity of lower chlorinated PCBs that were not present in the legacy commercial PCB mixtures, but constitute a significant proportion of contemporary human PCB exposures. Here, we review behavioral and mechanistic data obtained from experimental models as well as recent epidemiological studies that suggest the non-dioxin-like (NDL) PCBs are primarily responsible for the developmental neurotoxicity associated with PCBs. We also discuss emerging data demonstrating the potential for non-legacy, lower chlorinated PCBs to cause adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Molecular targets, the relevance of PCB interactions with these targets to neurodevelopmental disorders, and critical data gaps are addressed as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pamela J. Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pavuk M, Serio TC, Cusack C, Cave M, Rosenbaum PF, Birnbaum LS. Hypertension in Relation to Dioxins and Polychlorinated Biphenyls from the Anniston Community Health Survey Follow-Up. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:127007. [PMID: 31858832 PMCID: PMC6957279 DOI: 10.1289/ehp5272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2014, we conducted a longitudinal study [Anniston Community Health Survey (ACHS II)] 8 y after the baseline (ACHS I). OBJECTIVES We investigated the relationship between persistent chlorinated compounds and hypertension in residents living around the former polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) production plant in Anniston, Alabama. We also examined the potential role of inflammatory cytokines in those with hypertension. METHODS A total of 338 participants had their blood pressure measured and medications recorded, gave a blood sample, and completed a questionnaire. Prevalent hypertension was defined as taking antihypertensive medication or having systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg and/or diastolic pressure >90 mmHg; incident hypertension used similar criteria in those who developed hypertension since the baseline in 2005-2007. PCB congeners were categorized into structure-activity groups, and toxic equivalencies (TEQs) were calculated for dioxin-like compounds. Descriptive statistics, logistic and linear regressions, as well as Cox proportional hazard models, were used to analyze the associations between exposures and hypertension. RESULTS Prevalent hypertension (78%) in ACHS II showed statistically significant adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for PCBs 74, 99, 138, 153, 167, 177, 183, and 187, ranging from 2.18 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10, 4.33] to 2.76 (95% CI: 1.14, 6.73), as well as for two estrogenic-like PCB groups, and the thyroid-like group [ORs ranging from 2.25 (95% CI: 1.07, 4.75) to 2.54 (95% CI: 1.13, 5.74)]. Furthermore, analysis of quartiles demonstrated a monotonic relationship for dioxin-like non-ortho (non-o)-PCB TEQs [fourth vs. first quartile: 3.66 (95% CI: 1.40, 9.56)]. Longitudinal analyses of incident hypertension supported those positive associations. The results were strongest for the di-o-PCBs [hazard ratio (HR)=1.93 (95% CI: 0.93, 4.00)] and estrogenic II PCB group [HR=1.90 (95% CI: 0.96, 3.78)] but were weaker for the dioxin TEQs. DISCUSSION Findings supportive of positive associations were reported for dioxin-like mono-o- and non-o-PCBs as well as for nondioxin-like estrogenic and thyroid-like congeners with prevalent and incident hypertension, suggesting that multiple pathways may be involved in hypertension development. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5272.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marian Pavuk
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tara C. Serio
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), ATSDR, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Caroline Cusack
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Matt Cave
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Paula F. Rosenbaum
- State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Linda S. Birnbaum
- National Cancer Institute at National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Concentrations of PCDD/Fs in Human Blood: A Review of Data from the Current Decade. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16193566. [PMID: 31554236 PMCID: PMC6801747 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-furans (PCDD/Fs) are environmental pollutants with great persistence, the capacity of bioaccumulation, and well known important toxic effects in humans and animals. Incinerators of hazardous, municipal and medical waste, chlorine bleaching of paper pulp, cement plants, and the traffic of motor vehicles are the most frequent emission sources of these compounds. The diet, followed at a great distance by inhalation, is generally the main way of human exposure to PCDD/Fs. Human biomonitoring is of great importance to prevent potential adverse effects derived from exposure to chemicals such as PCDD/Fs. In relation to this, blood is among the most used biological monitors. In the current review, we have summarized the recent information (2000–2009) published in the scientific literature (databases: Scopus and PubMed) on the concentrations of PCDD/Fs in blood samples of non-occupationally exposed populations, as well as in some groups of occupationally exposed individuals. We have revised a number of studies conducted in various African, American, Asian and European countries, and Australia. Unfortunately, the information is quite limited. No data are available for most countries over the world. Based on the results here reviewed, where available, the current health risks for the general populations do not seem to be of concern. Moreover, taking into account the important reductions observed in the levels of PCDD/Fs in foodstuffs, new decreases in the concentrations of PCDD/Fs in blood—and other biological tissues—are very probable in the immediate years.
Collapse
|
25
|
Kubi JA, Chen ACH, Fong SW, Lai KP, Wong CKC, Yeung WSB, Lee KF, Lee YL. Effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on the differentiation of embryonic stem cells towards pancreatic lineage and pancreatic beta cell function. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 130:104885. [PMID: 31195220 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Animal and epidemiological studies demonstrated association of persistent exposure of TCDD, an endocrine disrupting chemical, to susceptibility of type 2 diabetes (T2D). High doses of TCDD were commonly employed in experimental animals to illustrate its diabetogenic effects. Data linking the epigenetic effects of low doses of TCDD on embryonic cells to T2D susceptibility risks is very limited. To address whether low dose exposure to TCDD would affect pancreatic development, hESCs pretreated with TCDD at concentrations similar to human exposure were differentiated towards pancreatic lineage cells, and their global DNA methylation patterns were determined. Our results showed that TCDD-treated hESCs had impaired pancreatic lineage differentiation potentials and altered global DNA methylation patterns. Four of the hypermethylated genes (PRKAG1, CAPN10, HNF-1B and MAFA) were validated by DNA bisulfite sequencing. PRKAG1, a regulator in the AMPK signaling pathway critical for insulin secretion, was selected for further functional study in the rat insulinoma cell line, INS-1E cells. TCDD treatment induced PRKAG1 hypermethylation in hESCs, and the hypermethylation was maintained after pancreatic progenitor cells differentiation. Transient Prkag1 knockdown in the INS-1E cells elevated glucose stimulated insulin secretions (GSIS), possibly through mTOR signaling pathway. The current study suggested that early embryonic exposure to TCDD might alter pancreatogenesis, increasing the risk of T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John A Kubi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andy C H Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sze Wan Fong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Keng Po Lai
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chris K C Wong
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - William S B Yeung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai Fai Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yin Lau Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yu D, Liu X, Liu X, Cao W, Zhang X, Tian H, Wang J, Xiong N, Wen S, Wu Y, Sun X, Zhou Y. Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins, Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans, and Dioxin-Like Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Umbilical Cord Serum from Pregnant Women Living Near a Chemical Plant in Tianjin, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16122178. [PMID: 31248229 PMCID: PMC6616537 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) are bioaccumulative compounds that may affect fetal growth and infant development. The aim of this study was to determine whether the pregnant women living near a chemical plant in Tianjin had a risk of exposure to dioxins. Concentrations of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in 24 umbilical cord serum samples collected from pregnant women were measured using a high-resolution gas chromatograph with a high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRGC-HRMS) and an isotopic dilution method. The levels of ∑(PCDD/Fs + dl-PCBs) were in the range 476-8307 pg·g-1 lipid, with a mean of 3037 pg·g-1. The mean World Health Organization toxicity equivalent (WHO-TEQ) for PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs was 14.0 and 2.14 pg·g-1 lipid, respectively. The PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs contributed 86.7% and 13.3%, respectively, to the total TEQ. The octa-CDFs and penta-CBs were predominant for the PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs, accounting for 57.6% and 74.3%, respectively. Several PCDD/F and dl-PCB congeners were highly correlated, such as PCB 105 and PCB 118 (r = 0.982, p < 0.001). Although the results hint at decreasing trends for PCDD/F and dl-PCBs by comparison with a similar study in Tianjin, a total TEQ of 41.7% of study participants had a body burden that exceeded the biomonitoring equivalents for dioxins. It was shown that pregnant women and infants had a health risk of exposure to dioxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dezhong Yu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, LiuFang Campus, No.206, Guanggu 1st road, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, LiuFang Campus, No.206, Guanggu 1st road, Wuhan 430205, China.
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #6 Zhuo Daoquan North Road, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Xiao Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #6 Zhuo Daoquan North Road, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Wencheng Cao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #6 Zhuo Daoquan North Road, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #6 Zhuo Daoquan North Road, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Haoyuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #27 Nan Wei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #27 Nan Wei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Nan Xiong
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South Central University for Nationalities, #182 Minzu Avenue, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Sheng Wen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #6 Zhuo Daoquan North Road, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Yongning Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health (CFSA) and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, #7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Xin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #27 Nan Wei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yan Zhou
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #6 Zhuo Daoquan North Road, Wuhan 430079, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Slama N, Warner M, Mocarelli P, Brambilla P, Eskenazi B. The 2nd to 4th digit length ratio (2D:4D) among children of Seveso women exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Early Hum Dev 2019; 131:45-50. [PMID: 30849682 PMCID: PMC6435417 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during sensitive developmental windows, such as in utero, may influence disease later in life but direct measurement of fetal hormones is not feasible. The ratio of the length of the second finger digit to the fourth digit (2D:4D), a sexually dimorphic trait, is a biomarker of androgen levels and the androgen/estrogen balance in utero. However, it is unclear whether in utero EDC exposure might alter 2D:4D ratio. AIMS We examined 2D:4D ratio in Seveso children in relation to in utero exposure to a potent EDC, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) using linear regression. STUDY DESIGN The Seveso Women's Health Study (SWHS) is a historical cohort study, following the health of women exposed to TCDD during a 1976 explosion in Seveso, Italy. Individual-level TCDD was measured for SWHS in serum collected soon after the accident. In 2014, the SWHS children born after the explosion were enrolled in the Seveso Second Generation Study. SUBJECTS 594 SWHS children born post-explosion to 397 mothers. OUTCOME MEASURES Right hand 2D:4D ratio. RESULTS On average, 2D:4D ratio for males was significantly lower than for females (p < 0.05). Overall, in utero TCDD exposure, either as maternal initial serum TCDD concentration or as TCDD extrapolated to pregnancy was not significantly associated with 2D:4D ratio in Seveso children. Results from all adjusted sensitivity analyses remained non-significant. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest in utero exposure to TCDD is not associated with alteration in 2D:4D ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Slama
- Center for Environmental Research & Children’s Health (CERCH), University of California, School of Public Health, Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94720-7392
| | - Marcella Warner
- Center for Environmental Research & Children’s Health (CERCH), University of California, School of Public Health, Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94720-7392
| | - Paolo Mocarelli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, School of Medicine, Hospital of Desio, Desio-Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, School of Medicine, Hospital of Desio, Desio-Milano, Italy
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research & Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Su KY, Li MC, Lee NW, Ho BC, Cheng CL, Chuang YC, Yu SL, Guo YL. Perinatal polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated dibenzofurans exposure are associated with DNA methylation changes lasting to early adulthood: Findings from Yucheng second generation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 170:481-486. [PMID: 30640082 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Epigenome-wide DNA methylation has not been studied in men perinatally exposed to PCBs and dioxins. Therefore, we examined whether perinatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) induces sustained methylation changes lasting to early adulthood. We used the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip to assess DNA methylation in whole blood among Yucheng second generation (people perinatal exposed to high PCBs and PCDFs) compared with referents. Thirty male offspring from the Yucheng cohort were randomly selected and matched with 30 male offspring from the Yucheng' neighborhood referents with similar backgrounds. Methylation differences between the Yucheng second generation and non-exposed referents were identified using a P value < 1.06 × 10-7. Differential DNA methylation with epigenome-wide statistical significance was observed for 20 CpGs mapped to 11 genes, and 19 CpGs were correlated with gestational levels of PCBs or PCDF toxic equivalency (PCDF-TEQ) with the same direction of effect. Among the 11 genes, AHRR and CYP1A1 are involved in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway known to mediate dioxin toxicity. MYO1G, FRMD4A, ARL4C, OLFM1, and WWC3 were previously reported to be related to carcinogenesis. This is the first study examining genome-wide DNA methylation among people perinatally exposed to high concentrations of PCBs and PCDFs. We observed novel differential methylation of several genes, indicating that modifications of DNA methylation associated with perinatal PCB and PCDF exposure may persist in exposed offspring for more than 20 years. Furthermore, involvement of several carcinogesis-related genes suggested a potential in utero epigenetic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Yi Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; NTU Center for Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chieh Li
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, 350, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, China Medical University College of Public Health, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Nian-Wei Lee
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, 100, Taiwan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yunlin, 640, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Ching Ho
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; NTU Center for Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Ling Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; NTU Center for Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Chuang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Liang Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; NTU Center for Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Pathology and Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
| | - Yue Leon Guo
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, 350, Taiwan; Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, 100, Taiwan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Muzembo BA, Iwai-Shimada M, Isobe T, Arisawa K, Shima M, Fukushima T, Nakayama SF. Dioxins levels in human blood after implementation of measures against dioxin exposure in Japan. Environ Health Prev Med 2019; 24:6. [PMID: 30630405 PMCID: PMC6329082 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-018-0755-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over the past few decades, the Japanese Ministry of the Environment has been biomonitoring dioxins in the general Japanese population and, in response to public concerns, has taken measures to reduce dioxin exposure. The objectives of this study were to assess the current dioxin dietary intake and corresponding body burden in the Japanese and compare Japanese dioxin data from 2011 to 2016 and 2002–2010 surveys. We also examined the relationship between blood dioxins and health parameters/clinical biomarkers. Methods From 2011 to 2016, cross-sectional dioxin surveys were conducted on 490 Japanese (242 males and 248 females, aged 49.9 ± 7.6 years) from 15 Japanese prefectures. Blood (n = 490) and food samples (n = 90) were measured for 29 dioxin congeners including polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (Co-PCBs) using gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Using the 2006 World Health Organization toxic equivalence factors, the toxic equivalents (TEQs) were calculated. Clinical biomarkers and anthropometric parameters were also measured and information on lifestyle behaviours collected. Data imputations were applied to account for blood dioxins below the detection limit. Results The median (95% confidence interval or CI) blood levels and dioxin dietary intake was respectively 9.4 (8.8–9.9) pg TEQ/g lipid and 0.3 (0.2–0.4) pg TEQ/kg body weight/day. The median blood dioxin level in the 2011–2016 survey was found to have decreased by 41.3% compared to the 2002–2010 surveys. Participants who were older were found to be more likely to have higher dioxin levels. Blood dioxins were also significantly associated with body mass index, triglycerides, docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and dihomo-gamma-linoleic acid levels in blood. Furthermore, associations between blood dioxin and dietary dioxin intake were evident in the unadjusted models. However, after adjusting for confounders, blood dioxins were not found to be associated with dietary dioxin intake. Conclusions Blood dioxin levels declined over the past decade. This study showed that the measures and actions undertaken in Japan have possibly contributed to these reductions in the body burden of dioxins in the Japanese population. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12199-018-0755-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basilua Andre Muzembo
- Centre for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan.,Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Miyuki Iwai-Shimada
- Centre for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Isobe
- Centre for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Kokichi Arisawa
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shima
- Department of Public Health, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsuhito Fukushima
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shoji F Nakayama
- Centre for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Puschner B, Gallego SM. Chemical hazards associated with milk and dairy. CHEMICAL HAZARDS IN FOODS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN 2019. [DOI: 10.3920/978-90-8686-877-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Puschner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 149 Briggs Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Steven M. Gallego
- California Department of Food and Agriculture, Animal Health and Food Safety Services, 2135 Civic Center Drive, Redding, CA 96001, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tuomisto J. Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds: toxicity in humans and animals, sources, and behaviour in the environment. WIKIJOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.15347/wjm/2019.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
|
32
|
Knutsen HK, Alexander J, Barregård L, Bignami M, Brüschweiler B, Ceccatelli S, Cottrill B, Dinovi M, Edler L, Grasl-Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Nebbia CS, Oswald IP, Petersen A, Rose M, Roudot AC, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Vollmer G, Wallace H, Fürst P, Håkansson H, Halldorsson T, Lundebye AK, Pohjanvirta R, Rylander L, Smith A, van Loveren H, Waalkens-Berendsen I, Zeilmaker M, Binaglia M, Gómez Ruiz JÁ, Horváth Z, Christoph E, Ciccolallo L, Ramos Bordajandi L, Steinkellner H, Hoogenboom LR. Risk for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in feed and food. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05333. [PMID: 32625737 PMCID: PMC7009407 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins (PCDD/Fs) and DL-PCBs in feed and food. The data from experimental animal and epidemiological studies were reviewed and it was decided to base the human risk assessment on effects observed in humans and to use animal data as supportive evidence. The critical effect was on semen quality, following pre- and postnatal exposure. The critical study showed a NOAEL of 7.0 pg WHO2005-TEQ/g fat in blood sampled at age 9 years based on PCDD/F-TEQs. No association was observed when including DL-PCB-TEQs. Using toxicokinetic modelling and taking into account the exposure from breastfeeding and a twofold higher intake during childhood, it was estimated that daily exposure in adolescents and adults should be below 0.25 pg TEQ/kg bw/day. The CONTAM Panel established a TWI of 2 pg TEQ/kg bw/week. With occurrence and consumption data from European countries, the mean and P95 intake of total TEQ by Adolescents, Adults, Elderly and Very Elderly varied between, respectively, 2.1 to 10.5, and 5.3 to 30.4 pg TEQ/kg bw/week, implying a considerable exceedance of the TWI. Toddlers and Other Children showed a higher exposure than older age groups, but this was accounted for when deriving the TWI. Exposure to PCDD/F-TEQ only was on average 2.4- and 2.7-fold lower for mean and P95 exposure than for total TEQ. PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs are transferred to milk and eggs, and accumulate in fatty tissues and liver. Transfer rates and bioconcentration factors were identified for various species. The CONTAM Panel was not able to identify reference values in most farm and companion animals with the exception of NOAELs for mink, chicken and some fish species. The estimated exposure from feed for these species does not imply a risk.
Collapse
|
33
|
Sethi S, Keil KP, Lein PJ. 3,3'-Dichlorobiphenyl (PCB 11) promotes dendritic arborization in primary rat cortical neurons via a CREB-dependent mechanism. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:3337-3345. [PMID: 30225637 PMCID: PMC6196112 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2307-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PCB 11 (3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl), a contemporary congener produced as a byproduct of current pigment production processes, has recently emerged as a prevalent worldwide pollutant. We recently demonstrated that exposure to PCB 11 increases dendritic arborization in vitro, but the mechanism(s) mediating this effect remain unknown. To address this data gap, primary cortical neuron-glia co-cultures derived from neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed for 48 h to either vehicle (0.1% DMSO) or PCB 11 at concentrations ranging from 1 fM to 1 nM in the absence or presence of pharmacologic antagonists of established molecular targets of higher chlorinated PCBs. Reporter cell lines were used to test activity of PCB 11 at the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and thyroid hormone receptor (THR). PCB 11 lacked activity at the AhR and THR, and antagonism of these receptors had no effect on the dendrite-promoting activity of PCB 11. Pharmacologic antagonism of various calcium channels or treatment with antioxidants also did not alter PCB 11-induced dendritic arborization. In contrast, pharmacologic blockade or shRNA knockdown of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) significantly decreased dendritic growth in PCB 11-exposed cultures, suggesting PCB 11 promotes dendritic growth via CREB-mediated mechanisms. Since CREB signaling is crucial for normal neurodevelopment, and perturbations of CREB signaling have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, our findings suggest that this contemporary pollutant poses a threat to the developing brain, particularly in individuals with heritable mutations that promote CREB signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunjay Sethi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Kimberly P Keil
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Pamela J Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Raffetti E, Donato F, Speziani F, Scarcella C, Gaia A, Magoni M. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) exposure and cardiovascular, endocrine and metabolic diseases: A population-based cohort study in a North Italian highly polluted area. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 120:215-222. [PMID: 30103120 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been linked to the onset of cardiovascular, endocrine, and metabolic diseases, but no conclusive evidence has been provided so far. A chemical factory produced PCBs from 1938 to 1984 in Brescia (North Italy) resulting in environmental contamination and human exposure. We aimed to evaluate the association between PCB serum levels and subsequent incidence of chronic diseases through a prospective cohort study design. METHODS Based on surveys conducted in Brescia province between 2001 and 2013, a cohort of 1331 subjects with at least one measure of PCB serum levels during the period was selected and followed longitudinally. Serum concentration of total PCBs was computed summing up the levels of 24 PCB congeners determined by gas chromatography. The data on incidence of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and endocrine and metabolic chronic diseases were retrieved from the Brescia Health Protection Agency database. Poisson regression models adjusted for age, level of education, BMI, cholesterol level, tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking were employed to calculate rate ratios (RRs). RESULTS 1331 subjects were enrolled (45.7% males, mean age 50.6 years) contributing to 10,006 person-years of follow-up. A dose-response relationship was observed between PCB serum levels and the onset of hypertension (RR for 2nd and 3rd tertiles of serum PCB distribution: 2.07, 95% CI 1.18-3.63, and 2.41, 1.30-4.47, respectively). A possible, though not statistically significant, increase of the risk of cardiovascular disease was also found (RR for 2nd and 3rd tertiles of serum PCB distribution: 1.61, 0.72-3.64, and 1.96, 0.86-4.48, respectively). The results based on lipid-standardized PCBs were slightly attenuated. No association was found between PCB serum levels and occurrence of diabetes and endocrine disorders. Stratified analysis by body mass index showed an increased risk of hypertension in subjects at 2nd and 3rd tertile of serum PCB distribution in overweight/obese subjects only. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that PCBs might play a role in the development of hypertension and possibly cardiovascular disease, though alternative explanations are to be considered too.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Raffetti
- ATS Brescia (Brescia Health Protection Agency), Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Donato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | - Alice Gaia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Institute of Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Michele Magoni
- ATS Brescia (Brescia Health Protection Agency), Brescia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yang E, Pavuk M, Sjödin A, Lewin M, Jones R, Olson J, Birnbaum L. Exposure of dioxin-like chemicals in participants of the Anniston community health survey follow-up. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 637-638:881-891. [PMID: 29763869 PMCID: PMC6236674 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The 2014 follow-up of the Anniston Community Health Survey (ACHS II) consisted of 338 surviving participants from the 2005-2007 baseline study (ACHS) who had previous polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) measurements, were not pregnant, and were not institutionalized. Questionnaires and blood samples provided the demographic, personal history, and chemical concentration data of the Anniston residents. Approximately 51% of participants were African American, 72% were female, and the mean age was 63 years old. The objectives of this study were to provide an exposure assessment of dioxin-like chemicals in the ACHS II participants and compare the measurements with the general United States (U.S.) population via the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Stratified analyses revealed significantly higher average total dioxin toxic equivalencies (TEQs) among African Americans compared to Whites (33.1 vs. 19.2 pg/g lipid), and in females compared to males (29.8 vs. 17.0 pg/g lipid). When adjusting for age, sex, and race in linear regression, we found ACHS II participants to have significantly higher total dioxin TEQ than the general 2014 U.S. population that we estimated for using half-life and NHANES 2003/04 data (most recent NHANES individual samples data), by 16.7 pg/g lipid. Principal component analyses showed that non-ortho and mono-ortho PCBs were separated from the other dioxin-like chemicals among the Anniston residents, whereas the chemicals were all clustered together for estimated NHANES 2014. The concentrations of dioxin-like chemicals, especially non-ortho and mono-ortho PCBs, in Anniston residents who resided near the former PCB production plant were higher than those in the general U.S. POPULATION Although data strongly supported this difference, these inferences are limited because NHANES 2013/14 data were unavailable and we used estimated NHANES 2014 levels that we imputed from NHANES 2003/04 data in conjunction with half-life values estimated from Milbrath et al., 2009.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Yang
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Marian Pavuk
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andreas Sjödin
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael Lewin
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard Jones
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jim Olson
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Linda Birnbaum
- National Cancer Institute at National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lai KP, Li JW, Chan TF, Chen A, Lee CYL, Yeung WSB, Wong CKC. Transcriptomic and methylomic analysis reveal the toxicological effect of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin on human embryonic stem cell. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 206:663-673. [PMID: 29778942 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cumulating epidemiological studies demonstrated that environmental exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during the early stages of fetal development is associated with the increase in disease susceptibility in later life. The fetal developmental plasticity is considered as a protective mechanism against an undesirable prenatal environment. Dioxin is one of the environmental contaminants and is considered a diabetogenic factor. Experimental animal and human epidemiological studies have revealed that dioxin exposure was associated with insulin resistance and altered beta cell function. But the effect of dioxin exposure in early stage of fetal development is still largely unknown. In this report, we used the human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line, VAL-3, as a model, together with Methyl-CpG Binding Domain (MBD) protein-enriched genome sequencing and transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq), in order to determine the dynamic changes of the epigenetic landscape and transcriptional dysregulation in hESC upon dioxin exposure. The bioinformatics analyses including the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) highlighted the predisposed neural, hepatic, cardiac and metabolic toxicological effects of dioxin during the fetal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keng Po Lai
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Woei Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, China; Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Ting Fung Chan
- Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Andy Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Cherie Yin Lau Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Chris Kong Chu Wong
- Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wahlang B, Barney J, Thompson B, Wang C, Hamad OM, Hoffman JB, Petriello MC, Morris AJ, Hennig B. Editor's Highlight: PCB126 Exposure Increases Risk for Peripheral Vascular Diseases in a Liver Injury Mouse Model. Toxicol Sci 2018; 160:256-267. [PMID: 28973532 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is vital for xenobiotic and endobiotic metabolism. Previously, we demonstrated that a compromised liver worsened toxicity associated with exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), through disruption of energy homeostasis. However, the role of a compromised liver in defining dioxin-like PCB126 toxicity on the peripheral vasculature and associated inflammatory diseases is yet to be studied. This study investigated the effects of PCB126 on vascular inflammation linked to hepatic dysfunction utilizing a liver injury mouse model. Male C57Bl/6 mice were fed either an amino acid control diet (CD) or a methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet in this 14-week study. Mice were exposed to PCB126 (0.5 mg/kg) and analyzed for inflammatory, calorimetric and metabolic parameters. MCD diet-fed mice demonstrated steatosis, indicative of a compromised liver. Mice fed the MCD-diet and subsequently exposed to PCB126 manifested lower body fat mass, increased liver to body weight ratio and alterations in hepatic gene expression related to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, implicating metabolic disturbances. PCB126-induced steatosis irrespective of the diet type, but only the MCD + PCB126 group exhibited steatohepatitis and fibrosis. Furthermore, PCB126 exposure in MCD-fed mice led to increased plasma inflammatory markers such as Icam-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and proatherogenic trimethylamine-N-oxide, suggesting inflammation of the peripheral vasculature that is characteristic of atherosclerosis. Taken together, our data provide new evidence of a link between a compromised liver, PCB-mediated hepatic inflammation and vascular inflammatory markers, suggesting that environmental pollutants can promote crosstalk between different organ systems, leading to inflammatory disease pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Banrida Wahlang
- University of Kentucky Superfund Research Center.,Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment
| | - Jazmyne Barney
- University of Kentucky Superfund Research Center.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine
| | - Brendan Thompson
- University of Kentucky Superfund Research Center.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine
| | - Chunyan Wang
- University of Kentucky Superfund Research Center.,Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment
| | - Omer M Hamad
- University of Kentucky Superfund Research Center
| | - Jessie B Hoffman
- University of Kentucky Superfund Research Center.,Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine
| | - Michael C Petriello
- University of Kentucky Superfund Research Center.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536.,Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Andrew J Morris
- University of Kentucky Superfund Research Center.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536.,Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Bernhard Hennig
- University of Kentucky Superfund Research Center.,Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine.,Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ton ND, Nakagawa H, Ha NH, Duong NT, Nhung VP, Hien LTT, Hue HTT, Hoang NH, Wong JH, Nakano K, Maejima K, Sasaki-Oku A, Tsunoda T, Fujimoto A, Van Hai N. Whole genome sequencing and mutation rate analysis of trios with paternal dioxin exposure. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:1384-1392. [PMID: 29969170 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) or dioxin, is commonly considered the most toxic man-made substance. Dioxin exposure impacts human health and diseases, birth defects and teratogenesis were frequently observed in children of persons who have been exposed to dioxin. However, the impact of dioxin on human mutation rate in trios has not yet been elucidated at the whole genome level. To identify and characterize the genetic alterations in the individuals exposed to dioxin, we performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) of nine Vietnamese trios whose fathers were exposed to dioxin. In total, 846 de novo point mutations, 26 de novo insertions and deletions, 4 de novo structural variations, and 1 de novo copy number variation were identified. The number of point mutations and dioxin concentrations were positively correlated (P-value < 0.05). Considering the substitution pattern, the number of A > T/T > A mutation and the dioxin concentration was positively correlated (P-value < 0.05). Our analysis also identified one possible disease-related mutation in LAMA5 in one trio. These findings suggested that dioxin exposure might affect father genomes of trios leading to de novo mutations in their children. Further analysis with larger sample sizes would be required to better clarify mutation rates and substitution patterns in trios caused by dioxin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Dang Ton
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi, Vietnam.,Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidewaki Nakagawa
- Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nguyen Hai Ha
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thuy Duong
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Vu Phuong Nhung
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Le Thi Thu Hien
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Huynh Thi Thu Hue
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Huy Hoang
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Jing Hao Wong
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kaoru Nakano
- Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Maejima
- Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Sasaki-Oku
- Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Tsunoda
- Laboratory for Medical Science Mathematics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Medical Science Mathematics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Fujimoto
- Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nong Van Hai
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Coakley J, Bridgen P, Bates MN, Douwes J, 't Mannetje A. Chlorinated persistent organic pollutants in serum of New Zealand adults, 2011-2013. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 615:624-631. [PMID: 28988099 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A national survey was conducted in 2011-2013 to assess serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in adult New Zealanders. Participants were randomly selected from the 2010 Electoral Roll within 64 demographic strata according to 4 age groups, 4 regions, 2 ethnic groups (Māori/non-Māori) and gender. Eligible subjects (n=734) donated up to 30ml of blood, after which serum was pooled (n=49) according to demographic strata prior to analysis by GC-HRMS. Associations between demographic variables (age, region, ethnicity, gender) and serum POPs were assessed using linear regression. The weighted geometric mean (GM) of PCDD/Fs was 5.3pg/g lipid toxic equivalents using the WHO 2005 toxic equivalence factors (TEQ05), which increased by age (3.2, 4.4, 4.8, and 8.1pg/g lipid for the 19-24, 25-34, 35-49, and 50-64year age groups, respectively). The weighted GM of dioxin-like PCBs was 1.4pg TEQ05/g lipid which also increased by age (0.82, 0.86, 1.4, and 2.3pg/g lipid for the same age groups, respectively). Of the detected OCPs, the highest concentration was observed for p,p'-DDE (weighted GM, 220ng/g lipid) followed by hexachlorobenzene (HCB; 7.3ng/g lipid), beta-HCH (7.0ng/g lipid), and dieldrin (4.7ng/g lipid). For most Cl-POPs, concentrations were lowest in the youngest age group, and were similar for men and women and Māori and non-Māori. Serum Cl-POPs were, on average, 50% lower than those measured 15years earlier in 1997. This survey provides evidence of declining serum concentrations of chlorinated POPs in the New Zealand adult population. Age was the most important determinant of POPs concentrations. Body burdens of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in New Zealand are relatively low by international comparison, while for OCPs they are similar or lower compared to those reported for other developed countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Coakley
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, 6021 Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - P Bridgen
- AsureQuality Ltd., 5010 Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - M N Bates
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA
| | - J Douwes
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, 6021 Wellington, New Zealand
| | - A 't Mannetje
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, 6021 Wellington, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kahn LG, Han X, Koshy TT, Shao Y, Chu DB, Kannan K, Trasande L. Adolescents exposed to the World Trade Center collapse have elevated serum dioxin and furan concentrations more than 12years later. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 111:268-278. [PMID: 29246432 PMCID: PMC5800899 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) on September 11, 2001 released a dust cloud containing numerous environmental contaminants, including polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). PCDD/Fs are toxic and are associated with numerous adverse health outcomes including cancer, diabetes, and impaired reproductive and immunologic function. Prior studies have found adults exposed to the WTC disaster to have elevated levels of PCDD/Fs. This is the first study to assess PCDD/F levels in WTC-exposed children. METHODS This analysis includes 110 participants, a subset of the 2014-2016 WTC Adolescent Health Study, a group of both exposed youths who lived, attended school, or were present in lower Manhattan on 9/11 recruited from the WTC Health Registry (WTCHR) and unexposed youths frequency matched on age, sex, race, ethnicity, and income. Our sample was selected to maximize the contrast in their exposure to dust from the WTC collapse. Questionnaire data, including items about chronic home dust and acute dust cloud exposure, anthropometric measures, and biologic specimens were collected during a clinic visit. Serum PCDD/F concentrations were measured according to a standardized procedure at the New York State Department of Health Organic Analytical Laboratory. We used multivariable linear regression to assess differences in PCCD/Fs between WTCHR and non-WTCHR participants. We also compared mean and median PCDD/F and toxic equivalency (TEQ) concentrations in our cohort to 2003-4 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) levels for youths age 12-19. RESULTS Median PCDD/F levels were statistically significantly higher among WTCHR participants compared to non-WTCHR participants for 16 out of 17 congeners. Mean and median TEQ concentrations in WTCHR participants were >7 times those in non-WTCHR participants (72.5 vs. 10.1 and 25. 3 vs. 3.39pg/g lipid, respectively). Among WTCHR participants, median concentrations of several PCDD/Fs were higher than the NHANES 95th percentiles. After controlling for dust cloud exposure, home dust exposure was significantly associated with higher PCDD/F level. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents in lower Manhattan on the day of the WTC attack and exposed to particulate contamination from the WTC collapse had significantly elevated PCDD/F levels >12years later compared to a matched comparison group, driven by chronic home dust exposure rather than acute dust cloud exposure. PCDD/F and TEQ levels substantially exceeded those in similar-aged NHANES participants. Future studies are warranted to explore associations of PCDD/Fs with health and developmental outcomes among individuals exposed to the WTC disaster as children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda G Kahn
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, 403 East 34th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Xiaoxia Han
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, 650 1st Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Tony T Koshy
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, 403 East 34th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Yongzhao Shao
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, 650 1st Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 650 1st Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Dinh Binh Chu
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12201, USA.
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12201, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA.
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, 403 East 34th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, 650 1st Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 650 1st Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 550 1st Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; NYU Wagner School of Public Service, 295 Lafayette Street, New York, NY 10012, USA; NYU College of Global Public Health, 726 Broadway, New York, NY 10012, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhang L, Zhong Y, Liu X, Bao Y, Zhao Y, Wu Y, Cai Z, Li J. Determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p
-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in human serum using programmable-temperature vaporization gas chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:3453-3461. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment; Ministry of Health (CFSA) and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment; Beijing China
| | - Yuxin Zhong
- Department of Pancreatogastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Xin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment; Ministry of Health (CFSA) and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment; Beijing China
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology; Nanchang University; Nanchang China
| | - Yan Bao
- The Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment; Ministry of Health (CFSA) and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment; Beijing China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment; Ministry of Health (CFSA) and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment; Beijing China
| | - Yongning Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment; Ministry of Health (CFSA) and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment; Beijing China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis; Department of Chemistry; Hong Kong Baptist University; Hong Kong China
| | - Jingguang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment; Ministry of Health (CFSA) and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment; Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zubero MB, Eguiraun E, Aurrekoetxea JJ, Lertxundi A, Abad E, Parera J, Goñi-Irigoyen F, Ibarluzea J. Changes in serum dioxin and PCB levels in residents around a municipal waste incinerator in Bilbao, Spain. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 156:738-746. [PMID: 28482295 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a great concern in the Basque Country regarding emissions from waste incineration, in particular that of organochlorines (OCs), including dioxins, furans and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and their potential effect on human health. In 2005, a municipal solid waste plant (MSWP) started to operate in Bilbao, representing an opportunity to assess the exposure to the aforementioned pollutants among people living at various distances from the plant. In 2006 and 2008, we carried out two cross-sectional studies to quantify and assess changes in levels of these pollutants. The objective of this study was to describe the levels of OCs in the blood serum in 2013 of 127 adults of this prospective cohort, in four centres of population, near to and further away from the MSWP, and to study trends over time since it started to operate. This study shows the levels of OCs have decreased significantly, from 37.2% to 80.1%. Further, levels of OCs in areas near to the MSWP were not found to be higher than those in areas further afield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miren B Zubero
- Department of Preventative Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Elena Eguiraun
- Department of Preventative Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Juan J Aurrekoetxea
- Department of Preventative Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health Department, Basque Government, San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Aitana Lertxundi
- Department of Preventative Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Esteban Abad
- Laboratory of Dioxins, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Parera
- Laboratory of Dioxins, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Fernando Goñi-Irigoyen
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health Department, Basque Government, San Sebastian, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Jesus Ibarluzea
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health Department, Basque Government, San Sebastian, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain; Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastian, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Morokuma S, Tsukimori K, Hori T, Kato K, Furue M. The Vernix Caseosa is the Main Site of Dioxin Excretion in the Human Foetus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:739. [PMID: 28389640 PMCID: PMC5429709 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00863-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioxins are highly toxic to foetuses and prenatal exposure leads to adverse health effects; however, the metabolic pathways involved in dioxin excretion are poorly understood. We determined the dynamics of maternal-to-foetal dioxin transfer during normal pregnancy and how foetuses eliminate polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and non-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls. Dioxin levels in maternal blood, cord blood, placenta, vernix caseosa, meconium, and amniotic fluid were analysed by high-resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The average levels of total dioxins, expressed as picograms of toxic equivalency quantity per gram of lipid and in parentheses, dioxin fraction, with maternal blood levels arbitrarily set as 100%, were as follows: maternal blood, 15.8 (100%); placenta, 12.9 (81.5%); cord blood, 5.9 (37.2%); vernix caseosa, 8.4 (53.2%); meconium, 2.9 (18.2%); and amniotic fluid, 1.5 (9.2%). Similar proportions were observed for each dioxin congener. Thus, the highest content of foetal dioxins was observed in the vernix caseosa, indicating that this is the major site of dioxin excretion in human foetuses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Morokuma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Kiyomi Tsukimori
- Department of Obstetrics, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tsuguhide Hori
- Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masutaka Furue
- Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Andrade VF, Durães AFS, Cassimiro DL, de Pinho GP, Silvério FO. Fast extraction of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran in sewage sludge and soil samples. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2017; 52:267-273. [PMID: 28095187 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2016.1273003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The current environmental legislations recommend monitoring chemical contaminants such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans before the use of sewage sludge on the agricultural land. In this study, a solid-liquid extraction with low-temperature purification (SLE-LTP) was optimized and validated to determine 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran in sewage sludge and soil samples. The analyses were performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry operating in the selective ion mode (GC-MS-SIM). Acetonitrile:ethyl acetate 6.5:1.5 (v/v) was the best extraction phase, and the recoveries percentages were close to 100%. The linearity was demonstrated in the range of 1.25-25 µg L-1 of 1.25-20 µg L-1 for sewage sludge and soil, respectively. Matrix effect was proved for the two compounds and in the two matrices studied. Extraction percentages were between 78 and 109% and relative standard deviations ≤ 19%. The proposed method is faster than methods described in the literature because showed a few steps. The quantification limits (LOQ) in sewage sludge were 6.4 and 32 ng TEQ kg-1 for 2,3,7,8-TCDF and 2,3,7,8-TCDD, respectively. In soil, LOQs were 0.8 and 8.0 ng TEQ kg-1 for 2,3,7,8-TCDF and 2,3,7,8-TCDD, respectively. These values are lower than the maximum residue limits established by European Legislation. The method was applied to 22 agricultural soil samples from different Brazilian cities and 2,3,7,8-TCDF was detected in one of these samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valéria F Andrade
- a Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Montes Claros , Brazil
| | - Alisson F S Durães
- a Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Montes Claros , Brazil
| | - Douglas L Cassimiro
- a Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Montes Claros , Brazil
| | - Gevany P de Pinho
- a Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Montes Claros , Brazil
| | - Flaviano O Silvério
- a Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Montes Claros , Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Persistent organic pollutants alter DNA methylation during human adipocyte differentiation. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 40:79-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
|
46
|
Raffetti E, Speziani F, Donato F, Leonardi L, Orizio G, Scarcella C, Apostoli P, Magoni M. Temporal trends of polychlorinated biphenyls serum levels in subjects living in a highly polluted area from 2003 to 2015: a follow-up study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2017; 220:461-467. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
47
|
Xu J, Chen G, Huang S, Qiu J, Jiang R, Zhu F, Ouyang G. Application of in vivo solid-phase microextraction in environmental analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
48
|
van den Dungen MW, Kok DE, Polder A, Hoogenboom RLAP, van Leeuwen SPJ, Steegenga WT, Kampman E, Murk AJ. Accumulation of persistent organic pollutants in consumers of eel from polluted rivers compared to marketable eel. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 219:80-88. [PMID: 27697634 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Globally, many river sediments are seriously contaminated with persistent organic pollutants (POPs) known to accumulate in aquatic food. In the Netherlands, toxicological risks of human exposure to dioxins and dioxin-like compounds led to a ban on eel fishing in the Rhine-Meuse delta. The aim of this study is to investigate differences in serum POP levels in consumers of eel from high-polluted areas and consumers of eel from low-polluted areas or aquaculture. In total 80 Dutch men were included, aged 40-70 years, with a habitual eel consumption of at least one portion (150 g) per month. Total levels of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds were measured in serum of all participants with the DR CALUX bioassay, validated with GC-MS. For a subgroup of 38 participants extensive POP measurements were performed. We revealed that consumption of eel from polluted rivers resulted in 2.5 and up to 10 times increased levels of dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) respectively compared to controls. The highest PCB levels were detected for PCB 153, with a median level of 896 ng/g lipid and a maximum level of 5000 ng/g lipid in the high-exposed group. Furthermore, hydroxylated PCB metabolites (OH-PCBs: sum of 4-OH-CB107, 4-OH-CB146, 4'-OH-CB172, and 4-OH-CB187) were 8 times higher in men who consumed eel from polluted areas, and detected at levels (median 4.5 ng/g ww) reported to cause adverse health effects. Also, the majority of the perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were significantly higher in consumers of eel from pullulated areas. In conclusion, this study is the first to reveal that (past) consumption of eel from polluted rivers resulted in high body burdens of dioxins, PCBs, OH-PCBs and PFASs. We confirmed the predictions made in a former risk assessment, and the high levels of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds as well as the OH-PCBs are of health concern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myrthe W van den Dungen
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Marine Animal Ecology Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Dieuwertje E Kok
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Anuschka Polder
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Adamstua, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., N-0033, Oslo, Norway; Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, PB X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | | | | | - Wilma T Steegenga
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ellen Kampman
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Albertinka J Murk
- Marine Animal Ecology Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wimmerová S, van den Berg M, Chovancová J, Patayová H, Jusko TA, van Duursen MBM, Palkovičová Murínová Ľ, Canton RF, van Ede KI, Trnovec T. Relative effect potency estimates of dioxin-like activity for dioxins, furans, and dioxin-like PCBs in adults based on cytochrome P450 1A1 and 1B1 gene expression in blood. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 96:24-33. [PMID: 27588699 PMCID: PMC6047354 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the risk assessment of PCDDs, PCDFs, and dioxin-like (DL) PCBs, regulatory authorities support the use of the toxic equivalency factor (TEF)-scheme derived from a heterogeneous data set of the relative effect potency (REPs) estimates. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine REPs for dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) using expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 and 1B1 mRNA in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells representing two different pathways. METHODS We used a sex and age adjusted regression-based approach comparing the strength of association between each DLC and the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 and 1B1 mRNA expression in 320 adults residing in an organochlorine-polluted area of eastern Slovakia. RESULTS We calculated REPs based on CYP1A1 expression for 4 PCDDs, 8 PCDFs, and 1 PCB congener, and based on CYP1B1 expression for 5 PCDFs and 11 PCB congeners. REPs from CYP1A1 correlated with REPs previously derived from thyroid volume (ρ=0.85; p<0.001) and serum FT4 (ρ=0.77; p=0.009). The 13 log REPs from CYP1A1 correlated with log WHO-TEFs (r=0.63; p=0.015) and 11 log PCB REPs with PCB consensus toxicity factors (CTFs) for compounds with WHO-TEFs (r=0.80; p=0.003). The complete set of derived 56 log REPs correlated with the log CTFs (r=0.77; p=0.001) and log WHO-TEFs (r=0.81; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS REPs calculated from thyroid and cytochrome P450 endpoints realistically reflect human exposure scenarios because they are based on human chronic and low-dose exposures. While the CYP 1A1 seems more suitable for toxicity evaluation of PCDD/Fs, the CYP 1B1 is more apt for PCDFs and PCBs and reflects different pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soňa Wimmerová
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 14, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Martin van den Berg
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.176, 3508, TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jana Chovancová
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 14, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | | | - Todd A Jusko
- Departments of Public Health Sciences and Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Majorie B M van Duursen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.176, 3508, TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Rocio F Canton
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.176, 3508, TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Karin I van Ede
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.176, 3508, TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Tomáš Trnovec
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 14, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Magoni M, Donato F, Speziani F, Leonardi L, Orizio G, Scarcella C, Gaia A, Apostoli P. Substantial decline of polychlorinated biphenyls serum levels 10years after public health interventions in a population living near a contaminated site in Northern Italy. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 95:69-78. [PMID: 27522146 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent pollutants classified among endocrine disruptors and human carcinogens. In an urban area in Northern Italy (Brescia), a chemical factory producing PCBs from 1938 to 1984 caused soil and food pollution. Since the discovering of the environmental pollution in the area in 2001, various public health interventions have been implemented to avoid human contamination. METHODS Two independent surveys were carried out in 2003 and 2013 using the same study design and methods. A random sample of the adult general population living in four areas of the town with different soil contamination level was enrolled in both surveys. Investigation included serum levels of 24 PCB congeners and of other common clinical-chemical parameters and questions about residential and occupational history as well as current and past diet and consumption of locally produced food. 537 subjects were tested in the 2003 and 488 in the 2013 survey. RESULTS Total PCB serum levels showed a strong correlation with age (Spearman r=0.71 in 2003 and r=0.80 in 2013), but not with gender. Consumers of food produced in the most polluted area had higher total PCB serum levels (median 15.6 and 4.7ng/ml in 2003 and 2013, respectively) than non-consumers (4.1 and 2.3ng/ml) and consumers of food produced in non-polluted areas (6.5 and 1.9ng/ml), with increasing trend of PCB serum levels with cumulative local food intake. PCB serum levels from 2003 to 2013 survey declined by around half in all age groups, especially among the youngest people. The total PCB reduction was found to be due to a combination of a birth cohort effect (-41% every 10years) and survey period effect (-18% in 2013 versus 2003), with medium chlorinated CB congeners showing the most relevant reduction (-30%) between the two surveys. High chlorinated CBs were more strongly associated with birth cohort (-46% every 10years): in the 2013 survey they represented 58% of total PCBs in 60-79years old while they were 37% among the under 40s with a median value 20 times higher in the oldest than in the youngest (3.1 versus 0.16ng/ml). CONCLUSIONS PCBs serum levels declined from the 2003 to 2013 survey though they are still high in the elderly mainly because of past intake of locally produced contaminated food. Present findings suggest that PCBs food chain contamination and human absorption have been interrupted successfully in the area since discovery of the pollution in 2001.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Donato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Epidemiology, Hygiene and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | - Grazia Orizio
- ATS Brescia (Brescia Health Protection Agency), Italy
| | | | - Alice Gaia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Institute of Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Pietro Apostoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Institute of Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, University of Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|